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Nkoy FL, Stone BL, Zhang Y, Luo G. A Roadmap for Using Causal Inference and Machine Learning to Personalize Asthma Medication Selection. JMIR Med Inform 2024; 12:e56572. [PMID: 38630536 PMCID: PMC11063904 DOI: 10.2196/56572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) is a mainstay treatment for controlling asthma and preventing exacerbations in patients with persistent asthma. Many types of ICS drugs are used, either alone or in combination with other controller medications. Despite the widespread use of ICSs, asthma control remains suboptimal in many people with asthma. Suboptimal control leads to recurrent exacerbations, causes frequent ER visits and inpatient stays, and is due to multiple factors. One such factor is the inappropriate ICS choice for the patient. While many interventions targeting other factors exist, less attention is given to inappropriate ICS choice. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with variable underlying inflammations and biomarkers. Up to 50% of people with asthma exhibit some degree of resistance or insensitivity to certain ICSs due to genetic variations in ICS metabolizing enzymes, leading to variable responses to ICSs. Yet, ICS choice, especially in the primary care setting, is often not tailored to the patient's characteristics. Instead, ICS choice is largely by trial and error and often dictated by insurance reimbursement, organizational prescribing policies, or cost, leading to a one-size-fits-all approach with many patients not achieving optimal control. There is a pressing need for a decision support tool that can predict an effective ICS at the point of care and guide providers to select the ICS that will most likely and quickly ease patient symptoms and improve asthma control. To date, no such tool exists. Predicting which patient will respond well to which ICS is the first step toward developing such a tool. However, no study has predicted ICS response, forming a gap. While the biologic heterogeneity of asthma is vast, few, if any, biomarkers and genotypes can be used to systematically profile all patients with asthma and predict ICS response. As endotyping or genotyping all patients is infeasible, readily available electronic health record data collected during clinical care offer a low-cost, reliable, and more holistic way to profile all patients. In this paper, we point out the need for developing a decision support tool to guide ICS selection and the gap in fulfilling the need. Then we outline an approach to close this gap via creating a machine learning model and applying causal inference to predict a patient's ICS response in the next year based on the patient's characteristics. The model uses electronic health record data to characterize all patients and extract patterns that could mirror endotype or genotype. This paper supplies a roadmap for future research, with the eventual goal of shifting asthma care from one-size-fits-all to personalized care, improve outcomes, and save health care resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flory L Nkoy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Bryan L Stone
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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2
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Doheny BM, Inglis JJ, Boll KA, Lunos S, Surapaneni VL. Short animated video increases knowledge and perceived comfort in clinical counseling on inequitable health impacts of air pollution among interprofessional health learners and clinicians. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:858. [PMID: 37953249 PMCID: PMC10642052 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is a major health risk contributing to global morbidity and mortality, yet clinicians do not routinely engage in counseling patients on this topic. Clinicians cite their lack of education as a common barrier. We developed a two-minute animated video on mitigating air pollution health risks and evaluated the efficacy of this video as an educational tool. METHODS In March-June 2021, a convenience sample of Minnesota interprofessional health learners and clinicians viewed the video and completed an electronic survey that assessed pre-/post-video intervention changes in (a) didactic and clinically applied knowledge on health impacts of air pollution, (b) perceived comfort in identifying at-risk patients and counseling them on relevant preventive health behaviors, (c) intentions/barriers to counseling patients, (d) beliefs and attitudes related to the health harms of air pollution, and (e) perceptions of the overall acceptability of the intervention. RESULTS The 218 participants included learners and clinicians in medicine, nursing, and advanced practice provision. Respondents' knowledge scores and self-reported level of comfort in identifying high-risk patients and counseling them on preventative health behaviors increased significantly pre-/post-intervention. The video also effectively altered participants' misperceptions about the health impacts of air pollution. While less than half of participants (43.6%) reported they intended to engage in counseling patients as a result of watching the video, 52.3% indicated they might do so. Lack of time during clinical encounters and lack of training were reported as persistent barriers to engaging in this counseling. Overall, participants found the video to be an effective educational tool, indicating that they wanted their colleagues and patients to watch the video and would like to see further short, animated videos on other environmental health topics. CONCLUSIONS A two-minute animated educational video significantly improved knowledge of inequitable health impacts of air pollution and improved perceived comfort in identifying and counseling at-risk patients among health professional learners and clinicians regardless of profession, level of training, or pre-intervention knowledge level. Academic health professional training programs and health systems should consider adopting this modality as a tool for educating learners, clinicians, and patients on environmental health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna M Doheny
- Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth campus, 1035 University Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812-3031, USA.
| | - Jack J Inglis
- Hennepin Healthcare, 701 Park Avenue, MN, Minneapolis, 55415, USA
| | - Karly A Boll
- Hennepin Healthcare, 701 Park Avenue, MN, Minneapolis, 55415, USA
| | - Scott Lunos
- Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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3
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Lowe ME, Akhtari FS, Potter TA, Fargo DC, Schmitt CP, Schurman SH, Eccles KM, Motsinger-Reif A, Hall JE, Messier KP. The skin is no barrier to mixtures: Air pollutant mixtures and reported psoriasis or eczema in the Personalized Environment and Genes Study (PEGS). JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:474-481. [PMID: 36460922 PMCID: PMC10234803 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune (AI) diseases appear to be a product of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Disruption of the skin barrier causes exacerbation of psoriasis/eczema. Oxidative stress is a mechanistic pathway for pathogenesis of the disease and is also a primary mechanism for the detrimental effects of air pollution. METHODS We evaluated the association between autoimmune skin diseases (psoriasis or eczema) and air pollutant mixtures in 9060 subjects from the Personalized Environment and Genes Study (PEGS) cohort. Pollutant exposure data on six criteria air pollutants are publicly available from the Center for Air, Climate, and Energy Solutions and the Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group. For increased spatial resolution, we included spatially cumulative exposure to volatile organic compounds from sites in the United States Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Release Inventory and the density of major roads within a 5 km radius of a participant's address from the United States Geological Survey. We applied logistic regression with quantile g-computation, adjusting for age, sex, diagnosis with an autoimmune disease in family or self, and smoking history to evaluate the relationship between self-reported diagnosis of an AI skin condition and air pollution mixtures. RESULTS Only one air pollution variable, sulfate, was significant individually (OR = 1.06, p = 3.99E-2); however, the conditional odds ratio for the combined mixture components of PM2.5 (black carbon, sulfate, sea salt, and soil), CO, SO2, benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene is 1.10 (p-value = 5.4E-3). SIGNIFICANCE While the etiology of autoimmune skin disorders is not clear, this study provides evidence that air pollutants are associated with an increased prevalence of these disorders. The results provide further evidence of potential health impacts of air pollution exposures on life-altering diseases. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT STATEMENT The impact of air pollution on non-pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases is understudied and under-reported. We find that air pollution significantly increased the odds of psoriasis or eczema in our cohort and the magnitude is comparable to the risk associated with smoking exposure. Autoimmune diseases like psoriasis and eczema are likely impacted by air pollution, particularly complex mixtures and our study underscores the importance of quantifying air pollution-associated risks in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Lowe
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of the National Toxicology Program, Durham, USA.
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Clinical Research Branch, Durham, USA.
| | - Farida S Akhtari
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Durham, USA
| | - Taylor A Potter
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of the National Toxicology Program, Durham, USA
| | - David C Fargo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of the National Toxicology Program, Durham, USA
| | - Charles P Schmitt
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Office of Data Science, Durham, USA
| | - Shepherd H Schurman
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Clinical Research Branch, Durham, USA
- National Institute on Aging, Clinical Research Core, Bethesda, USA
| | - Kristin M Eccles
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of the National Toxicology Program, Durham, USA
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Durham, USA
| | - Janet E Hall
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Clinical Research Branch, Durham, USA
| | - Kyle P Messier
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of the National Toxicology Program, Durham, USA
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Clinical Research Branch, Durham, USA
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Durham, USA
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, USA
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4
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Lin YC, Shih HS, Lai CY. Long-term nonlinear relationship between PM 2.5 and ten leading causes of death. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3967-3990. [PMID: 34773532 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has become a major concern worldwide. Many epidemiological studies have proved relationships between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and various diseases, but most studies only use short-term and models for specific groups to derive relationships with acute diseases. This makes it difficult to understand long-term exposure, nonlinear relationships, and spatial-temporal health risks regarding chronic diseases. Therefore, this study proposed to analyze and map PM2.5 exceedance probability from long-term spatial-temporal monitoring data using radial basis function estimation. We then constructed and compared multiple linear regression and generalized additive models to investigate linear and nonlinear relationships between long-term average PM2.5 concentration, PM2.5 potential probability for exceeding the standard, and standardized mortality for the top ten causes of death in all towns and villages in Taiwan nationally from 2010 to 2017. Linear models indicate that increasing PM2.5 concentration increased malignant neoplasm, pneumonia, and chronic lower respiratory disease mortalities; chronic liver diseases; and cirrhosis; whereas heart diseases and esophagus cancer mortality decreased. For the nonlinear model results, it can be found that there were also significant nonlinear relationships between PM2.5 concentration and malignant mortalities for neoplasm, heart disease, diabetes; and trachea, bronchus, lung, liver, intrahepatic bile duct, and esophagus cancer. Thus, long-term exposure to PM2.5 may be a significant risk factor for multiple acute and chronic diseases. Results from this study can be directly applied worldwide to provide air quality and health management references for governments, and important information on long-term health risks for local residents in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chien Lin
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli District, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Hua-San Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli District, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yeh Lai
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli District, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
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Scott Downen R, Dong Q, Chorvinsky E, Li B, Tran N, Jackson JH, Pillai DK, Zaghloul M, Li Z. Personal NO 2 sensor demonstrates feasibility of in-home exposure measurements for pediatric asthma research and management. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:312-319. [PMID: 35110684 PMCID: PMC8930644 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most common pollutants in residences due to gas appliances, NO2 has been shown to increase the risk of asthma attacks after small increases in short term exposure. However, standard environmental sampling methods taken at the regional level overlook chronic intermittent exposure due to lack of temporal and spatial granularity. Further, the EPA and WHO do not currently provide exposure recommendations to at-risk populations. AIMS A pilot study with pediatric asthma patients was conducted to investigate potential deployment challenges as well as benefits of home-based NO2 sensors and, when combined with a subject's hospital records and self-reported symptoms, the richness of data available for larger-scale epidemiological studies. METHODS We developed a compact personal NO2 sensor with one minute temporal resolution and sensitivity down to 15 ppb to monitor exposure levels in the home. Patient hospital records were collected along with self-reported symptom diaries, and two example hypotheses were created to further demonstrate how data of this detail may enable study of the impact of NO2 in this sensitive population. RESULTS 17 patients (55%) had at least 1 h each day with average NO2 exposure >21 ppb. Frequency of acute NO2 exposure >21 ppb was higher in the group with gas stoves (U = 27, p ≤ 0.001), and showed a positive correlation (rs = 0.662, p = 0.037, 95% CI 0.36-0.84) with hospital admissions. SIGNIFICANCE Similar studies are needed to evaluate the true impact of NO2 in the home environment on at-risk populations, and to provide further data to regulatory bodies when developing updated recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Downen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Quan Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chorvinsky
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Baichen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nam Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James Hunter Jackson
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dinesh K Pillai
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mona Zaghloul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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6
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The Potential Health Costs of PM10 Impacts on a Gold Mine Village, during Company Liquidation: An Analysis of 2013–2017. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Windblown dust from tailings storage facilities (TSFs), particularly in towns with liquidated mining companies, exacerbate air pollution. Companies of suddenly closed mine operations evade the responsibility of environmental and socio-economic care required by law. It is common for suddenly closed mines to have poorly rehabilitated TSFs which become a significant source of pollution by dust for the surrounding communities. There is strong evidence that acute exposure to high levels of air pollutants causes significant mortality and morbidity. However, very few studies have estimated the externalities of PM10 emanating from gold TSFs especially when a mine closes suddenly owing to company liquidation. By exploring the externalities of PM10 arising from wind erosion of suspended particulate matter from TSFs, this study fills an existing gap in the literature. A ‘bottom-up’ approach was implemented in this study following the External Energy (ExternE) project, and a gold mine operation that was liquidated between 2013 and 2017, was used as the case study. In this study, the externality of PM10 estimated was the cost of illness focusing specifically on respiratory-related illnesses. The results showed that the estimated cost of illness associated with PM10 inhalation was a total of R 5,560,022 including assessments of both neighboring Wedela and the Gold mine village based on the threshold concentration set by the South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) guideline and R 66,092,760 when considering the Fund for Research into Industrial Development Growth Equity (FRIDGE), Airshed and Infotox. Thus, it was concluded that air pollution by windblown dust from partially rehabilitated TSFs has the potential to significantly affect surrounding mining communities’ socio-economic status through poor health and the costs thereof.
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Huang J, Yang X, Fan F, Hu Y, Wang X, Zhu S, Ren G, Wang G. Outdoor air pollution and the risk of asthma exacerbations in single lag0 and lag1 exposure patterns: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Asthma 2021; 59:2322-2339. [PMID: 34809505 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.2008429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To synthesize evidence regarding the relationship between outdoor air pollution and risk of asthma exacerbations in single lag0 and lag1 exposure patterns.Methods: We performed a systematic literature search using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials, China National Knowledge Internet, Chinese BioMedical, and Wanfang databases. Articles published until August 1, 2020 and the reference lists of the relevant articles were reviewed. Two authors independently evaluated the eligible articles and performed structured extraction of the relevant information. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of lag0 and lag1 exposure patterns were estimated using random-effect models.Results: Eighty-four studies met the eligibility criteria and provided sufficient information for meta-analysis. Outdoor air pollutants were associated with increased risk of asthma exacerbations in both single lag0 and lag1 exposure patterns [lag0: RR (95% CI) (pollutants), 1.057(1.011, 1.103) (air quality index, AQI), 1.007 (1.005, 1.010) (particulate matter of diameter ≤ 2.5 μm, PM2.5), 1.009 (1.005, 1.012) (particulate matter of diameter, PM10), 1.010 (1.006, 1.014) (NO2), 1.030 (1.011, 1.048) (CO), 1.005 (1.002, 1.009) (O3); lag1:1.064(1.022, 1.106) (AQI), 1.005 (1.002, 1.008) (PM2.5), 1.007 (1.004, 1.011) (PM10), 1.008 (1.004, 1.012) (NO2), 1.025 (1.007, 1.042) (CO), 1.010 (1.006, 1.013) (O3)], except SO2 [lag0: RR (95% CI), 1.004 (1.000, 1.007); lag1: RR (95% CI), 1.003 (0.999, 1.006)]. Subgroup analyses revealed stronger effects in children and asthma exacerbations associated with other events (including symptoms, lung function changes, and medication use).Conclusion: Outdoor air pollution increases the asthma exacerbation risk in single lag0 and lag1 exposure patterns.Trial registration: PROSPERO, CRD42020204097. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2021.2008429 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sainan Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Ren
- Department of Library, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Air pollution and lung function in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1-14. [PMID: 34238501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this narrative review, we summarize the literature and provide updates on recent studies of air pollution exposures and child lung function and lung function growth. We include exposures to outdoor air pollutants that are monitored and regulated through air quality standards, and air pollutants that are not routinely monitored or directly regulated, including wildfires, indoor biomass and coal burning, gas and wood stove use, and volatile organic compounds. Included is a more systematic review of the recent literature on long-term air pollution and child lung function because this is an indicator of future adult respiratory health and exposure assessment tools have improved dramatically in recent years. We present "summary observations" and "knowledge gaps." We end by discussing what is known about what can be done at the individual/household, local/regional, and national levels to overcome structural impediments, reduce air pollution exposures, and improve child lung function. We found a large literature on adverse air pollution effects on children's lung function level and growth; however, many questions remain. Important areas needing further research include whether early-life effects are fixed or reversible; and what are windows of increased susceptibility, long-term effects of repeated wildfire events, and effects of air quality interventions.
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Analysis on the Characteristics of Air Pollution in China during the COVID-19 Outbreak. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic poses a serious global threat to human health. In China, the government immediately implemented lockdown measures to curb the spread of this virus. These measures severely affected transportation and industrial production across the country, resulting in a significant change in the concentration of air pollutants. In this study, the Euclidean distance method was used to select the most similar meteorological field during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Changes in the concentration of air pollutants in China were analyzed under similar meteorological background conditions. Results indicate that, compared with data from 2015–2019, air quality in China significantly improved; with the exception of ozone (O3), the concentration of major air pollutants declined. Compared with baseline conditions, the reduction of air pollutants in China from 25 January to 22 February 2020 (Period 2) was the most significant. In particular, NO2 decreased by 41.7% in the Yangtze River Delta. In Period 2, the reduction of air pollutants in areas other than Hubei gradually decreased, but the reduction of NO2 in Wuhan reached 61.92%, and the reduction of air pollutants in various regions after February 23 was significantly reduced. By excluding the influence of meteorological factors and calculating the contribution of human activities to atmospheric pollutants by linear fitting, in Period 2 the effect of artificial controls on NO2 in Wuhan attained 30.66%, and reached 48.17% from 23 February to 23 March (Period 3). Results from this investigation provides effective theoretical support for pollution prevention and control in China.
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Shin CH, Byun J, Lee K, Kim B, Noh YK, Tran NL, Park K, Kim SH, Kim TH, Oh SJ. Exosomal miRNA-19a and miRNA-614 Induced by Air Pollutants Promote Proinflammatory M1 Macrophage Polarization via Regulation of RORα Expression in Human Respiratory Mucosal Microenvironment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3179-3190. [PMID: 33115854 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure leads to various inflammatory diseases in the human respiratory system. Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory disease caused by viruses, bacteria, or air pollutants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms through which air particulate matter (PM) causes inflammation and disease remain unclear. In this article, we report that the induction of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) from human nasal epithelial cells upon airborne PM exposure promotes proinflammatory M1 macrophage polarization via downregulated RORα expression. Exposure of human nasal epithelial cells to PM results in inflammation-related miRNA expression, and more miRNA is secreted through exosomes delivered to macrophages. Among these, miRNA-19a and miRNA-614 directly bind to the 3'-untranslated region of RORα mRNA and downregulate RORα expression, which leads to inflammation due to inflammatory cytokine upregulation and induces macrophages to a proinflammatory M1-like state. Finally, we showed enhanced expression of miRNA-19a and miRNA-614 but reduced RORα expression in a chronic rhinosinusitis patient tissue compared with the normal. Altogether, our results suggest that PM-induced exosomal miRNAs might play a crucial role in the proinflammatory mucosal microenvironment and macrophage polarization through the regulation of RORα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Hee Shin
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyoung Byun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Kijeong Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Byoungjae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Yong Kwan Noh
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; and.,Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Na Ly Tran
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; and
| | - Kwideok Park
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; and
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; and
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Seung Ja Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea;
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11
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Rouadi PW, Idriss SA, Naclerio RM, Peden DB, Ansotegui IJ, Canonica GW, Gonzalez-Diaz SN, Rosario Filho NA, Ivancevich JC, Hellings PW, Murrieta-Aguttes M, Zaitoun FH, Irani C, Karam MR, Bousquet J. Immunopathological features of air pollution and its impact on inflammatory airway diseases (IAD). World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100467. [PMID: 33042360 PMCID: PMC7534666 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory airway diseases (IAD) such as allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Oxidative stress in patients with IAD can induce eosinophilic inflammation in the airways, augment atopic allergic sensitization, and increase susceptibility to infection. We reviewed emerging data depicting the involvement of oxidative stress in IAD patients. We evaluated biomarkers, outcome measures and immunopathological alterations across the airway mucosal barrier following exposure, particularly when accentuated by an infectious insult.
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Key Words
- AR, Allergic rhinitis
- Air pollution
- Antioxidant
- COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CRS, Chronic rhinosinusitis
- DEP, Diesel exhaust particles
- IAD, Inflammatory airway diseases
- IL, Interleukin
- ILC, Innate lymphoid cells
- Inflammatory airway disease
- NOx, Nitrogen oxides
- Oxidative stress biomarkers
- PAH, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- PM, Particulate matter
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- TBS, Tobacco smoke
- TLR, Toll-like receptors
- Tobacco smoke
- Treg, Regulatory T cell
- VOCs, Volatile organic compounds
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W. Rouadi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and Ear University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samar A. Idriss
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and Ear University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Robert M. Naclerio
- Johns Hopkins University Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David B. Peden
- UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics UNS School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ignacio J. Ansotegui
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Nora Gonzalez-Diaz
- University Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario U.A.N.L, Monterrey, NL, c.p. 64460, México
| | | | - Juan Carlos Ivancevich
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina and Head of Allergy and Immunology at the Santa Isabel Clinic, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Peter W. Hellings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands - Department Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Fares H. Zaitoun
- LAUMC Rizk Hospital, Otolaryngology-Allergy Department, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla Irani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, St Joseph University, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marilyn R. Karam
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean Bousquet
- INSERM U 1168, VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, Villejuif, France
- University Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
- Allergy-Centre-Charité, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Chiang YC, Li X, Lee CY, Rui J, Hu CW, Yang HJ, Chen SC, Chen T, Su Y, Kuo CY, Hsueh SC. Protective equipment and health education program could benefit students from dust pollution. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2020; 14:371-380. [PMID: 32963632 PMCID: PMC7499415 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-020-00942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, children living in the downstream of the Choshui River in Taiwan have been exposed to violent dust episodes. For the sake of the health of these children, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of protective equipment (sand-proof plastic cover and air purifier) installed outside/inside the classrooms on students' pulmonary function and evaluate the health education program for preventing the adverse consequences of exposure to river-dust episodes. Public elementary school students in Yunlin County, which was severely affected by river-dust, were selected as the participants. Study 1 consisted of three-wave follow-up data (801 person-times) in high-/low-dust exposure regions to examine pulmonary function. Study 2 used 147 and 73 students in the high-/low-dust exposure regions, respectively, to establish our health education intervention. Paired t tests, repeated measures ANOVA, and generalized estimating equation were used to analyze the short- and long-term effects. The results showed that the students' pulmonary function in schools that installed protective equipment was improved. The health education (such as the usage of correct masks and our designed PM2.5 full-cover sand-proof clothing) improved the students' cognition and behaviors related to river-dust episodes and yielded both short- and long-term effects. Therefore, we suggest more schools with high-dust exposure to adopt protective equipment and health education program. Our designed PM2.5 full-cover sand-proof clothing can prevent from not only haze but also droplet transmission by infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yang Lee
- School of International Business, Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College, Zhangzhou, Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Chiung-Wen Hu
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Republic of China
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Republic of China
| | - Hao-Jan Yang
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Republic of China
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Republic of China
| | - Szu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Republic of China
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Republic of China
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Chung-Yih Kuo
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Republic of China
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Republic of China
| | - Shao-Chieh Hsueh
- Institute of Economics, School of Economics, Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian People’s Republic of China
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Cai Y, Huang T, Liu X, Xu G. The effects of "Fangcang, Huoshenshan, and Leishenshan" hospitals and environmental factors on the mortality of COVID-19. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9578. [PMID: 32742816 PMCID: PMC7380280 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China; however, the factors affecting the mortality of COVID-19 remain unclear. Methods Thirty-two days of data (the growth rate/mortality of COVID-19 cases) that were shared by Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Weather Net were collected by two authors independently. Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the difference in the mortality of confirmed/severe cases before and after the use of “Fangcang, Huoshenshan, and Leishenshan” makeshift hospitals (MSHs). We also studied whether the above outcomes of COVID-19 cases were related to air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), or air quality index (AQI) by performing Pearson’s analysis or Spearman’s analysis. Results Eight days after the use of MSHs, the mortality of confirmed cases was significantly decreased both in Wuhan (t = 4.5, P < 0.001) and Hubei (U = 0, P < 0.001), (t and U are the test statistic used to test the significance of the difference). In contrast, the mortality of confirmed cases remained unchanged in non-Hubei regions (U = 76, P = 0.106). While on day 12 and day 16 after the use of MSHs, the reduce in mortality was still significant both in Wuhan and Hubei; but in non-Hubei regions, the reduce also became significant this time (U = 123, P = 0.036; U = 171, P = 0.015, respectively). Mortality of confirmed cases was found to be negatively correlated with AT both in Wuhan (r = − 0.441, P = 0.012) and Hubei (r = − 0.440, P = 0.012). Also, both the growth rate and the mortality of COVID-19 cases were found to be significantly correlated with AQI in Wuhan and Hubei. However, no significant correlation between RH and the growth rate/mortality of COVID-19 cases was found in our study. Conclusions Our findings indicated that both the use of MSHs, the rise of AT, and the improvement of air quality were beneficial to the survival of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Cai
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianlun Huang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gaosi Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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14
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Short-term effects of air pollution on exacerbations of allergic asthma in Užice region, Serbia. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:377-383. [PMID: 32792879 PMCID: PMC7394173 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.96254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many time-series studies have shown a positive association between air pollution and asthma exacerbation. However, till now only one study in Serbia has examined this relationship. Aim To examine the associations between air pollution and asthma emergency department (ED) visits in the Užice region, Serbia. Material and methods A time-stratified case-crossover design was applied to 424 ED visits for asthma exacerbation that occurred in the Užice region, Serbia, in 2012–2014. Data about ED visits were routinely collected in the Užice Health Centre. The daily average concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and black carbon (BC) were measured by automatic ambient air quality monitoring stations. Odds ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for the potential confounding influence of weather variables (temperature, humidity and air pressure). Results Statistically significant associations were observed between ED visits for asthma and 3-day lagged exposure to BC (OR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.05–9.95), and between ED visits for asthma with coexisting allergic rhinitis and 0-day lag exposure to NO2 (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 0.94–2.65), 2-day lag exposure to SO2 (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.02–3.80), and 3-day lag exposure to PM10 (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.17–4.84). Conclusions Exposure to ambient air pollution in the Užice region increases the risk of ED visits for asthma, particularly during the heating season.
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Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [...]
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16
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Cakmak S, Kauri L, Mahmud M, Shutt R, Liu L, Rigden M, Kumarathasan P, Vincent R, Thomson EM, Dales R. Effect of industrial point-source air pollutants on fractional exhaled nitric oxide in healthy volunteers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108965. [PMID: 31796259 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the effects of industrial, fixed-site sources of air pollution on lung inflammation in nearby residents. We investigated the effects of short-term exposure to ambient air near a steel plant on the fractional exhaled concentration of nitric oxide (FeNO), a measure of airway inflammation, in healthy volunteers. METHODS A cross-over study design was used. Fifty-nine non-smoking participants (mean age 24 years) were randomly assigned to each of two 5-day exposure scenarios: breathing ambient air adjacent to a steel plant or 5 km away at a college campus site. FeNO and on-site air pollutants were measured daily. Mixed effects linear regression models were used for data analysis, adjusting for sex, temperature, humidity and day of week. RESULTS Compared with the college site, PM 2.5, ultrafine PM, SO2, NO2 and CO levels were significantly greater near the steel plant. FeNO was 15.3% (95% CI, 6.6%, 24.8%) higher near the plant compared to the college site. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to ambient air near a steel plant was associated with increased airway inflammation as measured by exhaled nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabit Cakmak
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Canada
| | - Lisa Kauri
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Canada
| | - Mamun Mahmud
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Canada
| | - Robin Shutt
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Canada
| | - Ling Liu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Canada
| | - Marc Rigden
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Canada
| | | | - Renaud Vincent
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Canada
| | - Errol M Thomson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Canada
| | - Robert Dales
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Canada.
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Noonan CW, Semmens EO, Ware D, Smith P, Boyer BB, Erdei E, Hopkins SE, Lewis J, Ward TJ. Wood stove interventions and child respiratory infections in rural communities: KidsAir rationale and methods. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 89:105909. [PMID: 31838259 PMCID: PMC7242120 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.105909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) account for >27% of all hospitalizations among US children under five years of age. Residential burning of biomass for heat leads to elevated indoor levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that often exceed current health based air quality standards. This is concerning as PM2.5 exposure is associated with many adverse health outcomes, including a greater than three-fold increased risk of LRTIs. Evidence-based efforts are warranted in rural and American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities in the US that suffer from elevated rates of childhood LRTI and commonly use wood for residential heating. DESIGN In three rural and underserved settings, we conducted a three-arm randomized controlled, post-only intervention trial in wood stove homes with children less than five years old. Education and household training on best-burn practices were introduced as one intervention arm (Tx1). This intervention was evaluated against an indoor air filtration unit arm (Tx2), as well as a control arm (Tx3). The primary outcome was LRTI incidence among children under five years of age. DISCUSSION To date, exposure reduction strategies in wood stove homes have been either inconsistently effective or include factors that limit widespread dissemination and continued compliance in rural and economically disadvantaged populations. As part of the "KidsAIR" study described herein, the overall hypothesis was that a low-cost, educational intervention targeting indoor wood smoke PM2.5 exposures would be a sustainable approach for reducing children's risk of LRTI in rural and AI/AN communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis W Noonan
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
| | - Erin O Semmens
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Desirae Ware
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Paul Smith
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Bert B Boyer
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK, USA; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Esther Erdei
- Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Scarlett E Hopkins
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK, USA; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tony J Ward
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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Dietrich M, Wolfe A, Burke M, Krekeler MPS. The first pollution investigation of road sediment in Gary, Indiana: Anthropogenic metals and possible health implications for a socioeconomically disadvantaged area. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 128:175-192. [PMID: 31059913 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An investigation of road sediment in Gary, Indiana revealed high levels of various trace metals such as Zn, Mn, and Cr, often exceeding those of background reference concentrations as shown through geoaccumulation indices and contamination factors. The hazard index (HI) value for Mn in children was >1 (1.7), suggesting possible long-term non-carcinogenic health risk. Mn HI for children is even higher for the five samples closest to a US Steel facility, with an HI of 2.8. Through SEM-EDS analysis, the prevalence of small particulates (PM2.5 and PM2.5-10) containing potentially harmful elements such as Mn and Pb illustrate a health risk through direct inhalation or ingestion. The small nature of particulates in general may also pose an increased health risk for respiratory diseases such as asthma. Mn concentrations in the road sediment were particularly high, with 30 out of 32 samples exceeding 1800 ppm. Mn and V concentrations show a strong spatial trend of decreasing concentration away from a US Steel facility. These spatial trends along with correlation plots of the bulk chemistry suggest that industrial steel manufacturing, particularly US Steel in Gary, is a major contributing source of Mn and V. Fe and Cr show a moderate decrease in concentrations away from the US Steel facility, which suggests some sourcing from the steel facility when coupled with bulk chemistry plots. Zn and Cu do not show much evidence of sourcing from the US Steel facility, likely due to increased mixing from other sources. Further work constraining anthropogenic sources, the bioaccessible fraction of metals, and analysis of direct atmospheric particulates can help with remedial activity and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dietrich
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 5726 Stevenson Center, 7th floor, Nashville, TN 37240, United States.
| | - Amy Wolfe
- Department of Geology & Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, 250 S. Patterson Avenue, 118 Shideler Hall, Oxford, OH 45056, United States
| | - Michelle Burke
- Department of Geology & Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, 250 S. Patterson Avenue, 118 Shideler Hall, Oxford, OH 45056, United States
| | - Mark P S Krekeler
- Department of Geology & Environmental Earth Science, Miami University-Hamilton, 1601 University Boulevard, Hamilton, OH 45011, United States
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Kumarihamy RMK, Tripathi NK. Geostatistical predictive modeling for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using socioeconomic and environmental determinants. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:366. [PMID: 31254075 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of the prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains under the influence of a wide array of environmental, climatic, and socioeconomic determinants. However, a large proportion of these influences remain unexplained. In completion, this study examined the spatial associations between asthma/COPD morbidity and their determinants using ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regressions (GWR). Inpatient records collected from the secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Kandy from 2010 to 2014 were considered as the dependent variable. Potential risk factors (explanatory variables) were identified in four distinguished classes: 1) meteorological factors, (2) direct and indirect factors of air pollution, (3) socioeconomic factors, and (4) characteristics of the physical environment. All possible combinations of candidate explanatory variables were evaluated through an exploratory regression. A comparison between the regression models was also explored. The best OLS regression models revealed about 55% of asthma variation and 62% of COPD variation while GWR models yielded 78% and 74% of the variation of asthma and COPD occurrences respectively. Relative humidity, proximity to roads (0-200 m), road density, use of firewood as a source of fuel, and elevation play a vital role in predicting morbidity from asthma and COPD. Both local and global regression models are important in assessing spatial relationships of asthma and COPD. However, the local models exhibit a better prediction capability for assessing non-stationary relationships of asthma and COPD than global models. The geostatistical aspects used in this study may also provide insights for evaluating heterogeneous environmental risk factors in other epidemiological studies across different spatial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M K Kumarihamy
- Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System AoS, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
- Department of Geography, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | - N K Tripathi
- Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System AoS, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
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20
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Whitt W, Zhang X. Forecasting arrivals and occupancy levels in an emergency department. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orhc.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Selley L, Phillips DH, Mudway I. The potential of omics approaches to elucidate mechanisms of biodiesel-induced pulmonary toxicity. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:4. [PMID: 30621739 PMCID: PMC6504167 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combustion of biodiesels in place of fossil diesel (FD) has been proposed as a method of reducing transport-related toxic emissions in Europe. While biodiesel exhaust (BDE) contains fewer hydrocarbons, total particulates and carbon monoxide than FD exhaust (FDE), its high nitrogen oxide and ultrafine particle content may still promote pulmonary pathophysiologies. MAIN BODY Using a complement of in vitro and in vivo studies, this review documents progress in our understanding of pulmonary responses to BDE exposure. Focusing initially on hypothesis-driven, targeted analyses, the merits and limitations of comparing BDE-induced responses to those caused by FDE exposure are discussed within the contexts of policy making and exploration of toxicity mechanisms. The introduction and progression of omics-led workflows are also discussed, summarising the novel insights into mechanisms of BDE-induced toxicity that they have uncovered. Finally, options for the expansion of BDE-related omics screens are explored, focusing on the mechanistic relevance of metabolomic profiling and offering rationale for expansion beyond classical models of pulmonary exposure. CONCLUSION Together, these discussions suggest that molecular profiling methods have identified mechanistically informative, novel and fuel-specific signatures of pulmonary responses to biodiesel exhaust exposure that would have been difficult to detect using traditional, hypothesis driven approaches alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Selley
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN UK
| | - David H. Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
- NIHR HPRU in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Ian Mudway
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
- NIHR HPRU in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
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Pan A, Sarnat SE, Chang HH. Time-Series Analysis of Air Pollution and Health Accounting for Covariate-Dependent Overdispersion. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:2698-2704. [PMID: 30099479 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-series studies are routinely used to estimate associations between adverse health outcomes and short-term exposures to ambient air pollutants. Use of the Poisson log-linear model with the assumption of constant overdispersion is the most common approach, particularly when estimating associations between daily air pollution concentrations and aggregated counts of adverse health events throughout a geographical region. We examined how the assumption of constant overdispersion plays a role in estimation of air pollution effects by comparing estimates derived from the standard approach with those estimated from covariate-dependent Bayesian generalized Poisson and negative binomial models that accounted for potential time-varying overdispersion. Through simulation studies, we found that while there was negligible bias in effect estimates, the standard quasi-Poisson approach can result in a larger standard error when the constant overdispersion assumption is violated. This was also observed in a time-series study of daily emergency department visits for respiratory diseases and ozone concentration in Atlanta, Georgia (1999-2009). Allowing for covariate-dependent overdispersion resulted in a reduction in the ozone effect standard error, while the ozone-associated relative risk remained robust to different model specifications. Our findings suggest that improved characterization of overdispersion in time-series modeling can result in more precise health effect estimates in studies of short-term environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Pan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stefanie Ebelt Sarnat
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Howard H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Jeong A, Fiorito G, Keski-Rahkonen P, Imboden M, Kiss A, Robinot N, Gmuender H, Vlaanderen J, Vermeulen R, Kyrtopoulos S, Herceg Z, Ghantous A, Lovison G, Galassi C, Ranzi A, Krogh V, Grioni S, Agnoli C, Sacerdote C, Mostafavi N, Naccarati A, Scalbert A, Vineis P, Probst-Hensch N. Perturbation of metabolic pathways mediates the association of air pollutants with asthma and cardiovascular diseases. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:334-345. [PMID: 29990954 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence indicates common risk factors, including air pollution exposure, for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, suggesting the involvement of common altered molecular pathways. OBJECTIVES The goal was to find intermediate metabolites or metabolic pathways that could be associated with both air pollutants and health outcomes ("meeting-in-the-middle"), thus shedding light on mechanisms and reinforcing causality. METHODS We applied a statistical approach named 'meet-in-the-middle' to untargeted metabolomics in two independent case-control studies nested in cohorts on adult-onset asthma (AOA) and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD). We compared the results to identify both common and disease-specific altered metabolic pathways. RESULTS A novel finding was a strong association of AOA with ultrafine particles (UFP; odds ratio 1.80 [1.26, 2.55] per increase by 5000 particles/cm3). Further, we have identified several metabolic pathways that potentially mediate the effect of air pollution on health outcomes. Among those, perturbation of Linoleate metabolism pathway was associated with air pollution exposure, AOA and CCVD. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest common pathway perturbations may occur as a consequence of chronic exposure to air pollution leading to increased risk for both AOA and CCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoung Jeong
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences - University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Agneta Kiss
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Zdenko Herceg
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Akram Ghantous
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Claudia Galassi
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Ranzi
- Environmental Health Reference Center, Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Piedmont Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Via Santena 7, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Nahid Mostafavi
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Paolo Vineis
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Yoo EH, Brown P, Eum Y. Ambient air quality and spatio-temporal patterns of cardiovascular emergency department visits. Int J Health Geogr 2018; 17:18. [PMID: 29884205 PMCID: PMC5994043 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-018-0138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollutants have been associated with various adverse health effects, including increased rates of hospital admissions and emergency room visits. Although numerous time-series studies and case-crossover studies have estimated associations between day-to-day variation in pollutant levels and mortality/morbidity records, studies on geographic variations in emergency department use and the spatial effects in their associations with air pollution exposure are rare. METHODS We focused on the elderly who visited emergency room for cardiovascular related disease (CVD) in 2011. Using spatially and temporally resolved multi-pollutant exposures, we investigated the effect of short-term exposures to ambient air pollution on emergency department utilization. We developed two statistical models with and without spatial random effects within a hierarchical Bayesian framework to capture the spatial heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation remaining in emergency department utilization. RESULTS Although the cardiovascular effect of spatially homogeneous pollutants, such as PM2.5 and ozone, was unchanged, we found the cardiovascular effect of NO[Formula: see text] was pronounced after accounting for the spatially correlated structure in emergency department utilization. We also identified areas with high ED utilization for CVD among the elderly and assessed the uncertainty associated with risk estimates. CONCLUSIONS We assessed the short-term effect of multi-pollutants on cardiovascular risk of the elderly and demonstrated the use of community multiscale air quality model-derived spatially and temporally resolved multi-pollutant exposures to an epidemiological study. Our results indicate that NO[Formula: see text] was significantly associated with the elevated ED utilization for CVD among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Yoo
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Patrick Brown
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Youngseob Eum
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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25
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Hime NJ, Marks GB, Cowie CT. A Comparison of the Health Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution from Five Emission Sources. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1206. [PMID: 29890638 PMCID: PMC6024892 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article briefly reviews evidence of health effects associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution from five common outdoor emission sources: traffic, coal-fired power stations, diesel exhaust, domestic wood combustion heaters, and crustal dust. The principal purpose of this review is to compare the evidence of health effects associated with these different sources with a view to answering the question: Is exposure to PM from some emission sources associated with worse health outcomes than exposure to PM from other sources? Answering this question will help inform development of air pollution regulations and environmental policy that maximises health benefits. Understanding the health effects of exposure to components of PM and source-specific PM are active fields of investigation. However, the different methods that have been used in epidemiological studies, along with the differences in populations, emission sources, and ambient air pollution mixtures between studies, make the comparison of results between studies problematic. While there is some evidence that PM from traffic and coal-fired power station emissions may elicit greater health effects compared to PM from other sources, overall the evidence to date does not indicate a clear ‘hierarchy’ of harmfulness for PM from different emission sources. Further investigations of the health effects of source-specific PM with more advanced approaches to exposure modeling, measurement, and statistics, are required before changing the current public health protection approach of minimising exposure to total PM mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Hime
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
- The Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Guy B Marks
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
- South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Goulburn Street, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia.
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, 1 Campbell Street, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia.
| | - Christine T Cowie
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
- South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Goulburn Street, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia.
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, 1 Campbell Street, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia.
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26
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Sweileh WM, Al-Jabi SW, Zyoud SH, Sawalha AF. Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health: a bibliometric analysis of publications in peer-reviewed journals (1900 - 2017). Multidiscip Respir Med 2018; 13:15. [PMID: 29881545 PMCID: PMC5984296 DOI: 10.1186/s40248-018-0128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outdoor air pollution is a major threat to global public health that needs responsible participation of researchers at all levels. Assessing research output is an important step in highlighting national and international contribution and collaboration in a certain field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze globally-published literature in outdoor air pollution - related respiratory health. METHOD Outdoor air pollution documents related to respiratory health were retrieved from Scopus database. The study period was up to 2017. Mapping of author keywords was carried out using VOSviewer 1.6.6. RESULTS Search query yielded 3635 documents with an h-index of 137. There was a dramatic increase in the number of publications in the last decade of the study period. The most frequently encountered author keywords were: air pollution (835 occurrences), asthma (502 occurrences), particulate matter (198 occurrences), and children (203 occurrences). The United States of America ranked first (1082; 29.8%) followed by the United Kingdom (279; 7.7%) and Italy (198; 5.4%). Annual research productivity stratified by income and population size indicated that China ranked first (22.2) followed by the USA (18.8). Analysis of regional distribution of publications indicated that the Mediterranean, African, and South-East Asia regions had the least contribution. Harvard University (92; 2.5%) was the most active institution/organization followed the US Environmental Protection Agency (89; 2.4%). International collaboration was restricted to three regions: Northern America, Europe, and Asia. The top ten preferred journals were in the field of environmental health and respiratory health. Environmental Health Perspective was the most preferred journal for publishing documents in outdoor pollution in relation to respiratory health. CONCLUSION Research on the impact of outdoor air pollution on respiratory health had accelerated lately and is receiving a lot of interest. Global research networks that include countries with high level of pollution and limited resources are highly needed to create public opinion in favor of minimizing outdoor air pollution and investing in green technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M. Sweileh
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Samah W. Al-Jabi
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Sa’ed H. Zyoud
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ansam F. Sawalha
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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27
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Peng L, Meyerhoefer C, Chou SY. The health implications of unconventional natural gas development in Pennsylvania. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2018; 27:956-983. [PMID: 29532974 DOI: 10.1002/hec.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the health impacts of unconventional natural gas development of Marcellus shale in Pennsylvania between 2001 and 2013 by merging well permit data from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection with a database of all inpatient hospital admissions. After comparing changes in hospitalization rates over time for air pollution-sensitive diseases in counties with unconventional gas wells to changes in hospitalization rates in nonwell counties, we find a significant association between shale gas development and hospitalizations for pneumonia among the elderly, which is consistent with higher levels of air pollution resulting from unconventional natural gas development. We note that the lack of any detectable impact of shale gas development on younger populations may be due to unobserved factors contemporaneous with drilling, such as migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Peng
- Department of Economics, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, USA
| | - Chad Meyerhoefer
- Department of Economics, Lehigh University and NBER, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Shin-Yi Chou
- Department of Economics, Lehigh University and NBER, Bethlehem, PA, USA
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28
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Pfeffer PE, Ho TR, Mann EH, Kelly FJ, Sehlstedt M, Pourazar J, Dove RE, Sandstrom T, Mudway IS, Hawrylowicz CM. Urban particulate matter stimulation of human dendritic cells enhances priming of naive CD8 T lymphocytes. Immunology 2018; 153:502-512. [PMID: 29044495 PMCID: PMC5838419 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have consistently shown associations between elevated concentrations of urban particulate matter (UPM) air pollution and exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which are both associated with viral respiratory infections. The effects of UPM on dendritic cell (DC) -stimulated CD4 T lymphocytes have been investigated previously, but little work has focused on CD8 T-lymphocyte responses despite their importance in anti-viral immunity. To address this, we examined the effects of UPM on DC-stimulated naive CD8 T-cell responses. Expression of the maturation/activation markers CD83, CCR7, CD40 and MHC class I on human myeloid DCs (mDCs) was characterized by flow cytometry after stimulation with UPMin vitro in the presence/absence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The capacity of these mDCs to stimulate naive CD8 T-lymphocyte responses in allogeneic co-culture was then assessed by measuring T-cell cytokine secretion using cytometric bead array, and proliferation and frequency of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing T lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Treatment of mDCs with UPM increased expression of CD83 and CCR7, but not MHC class I. In allogeneic co-cultures, UPM treatment of mDCs enhanced CD8 T-cell proliferation and the frequency of IFN-γ+ cells. The secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-13, Granzyme A and Granzyme B were also increased. GM-CSF alone, and in concert with UPM, enhanced many of these T-cell functions. The PM-induced increase in Granzyme A was confirmed in a human experimental diesel exposure study. These data demonstrate that UPM treatment of mDCs enhances priming of naive CD8 T lymphocytes and increases production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Such UPM-induced stimulation of CD8 cells may potentiate T-lymphocyte cytotoxic responses upon concurrent airway infection, increasing bystander damage to the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Pfeffer
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
- Present address:
William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonEC1M 6BQUK
| | - Tzer R. Ho
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth H. Mann
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Frank J. Kelly
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
- Environmental Research GroupMRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and HealthKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental HazardsFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maria Sehlstedt
- Division of MedicineDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Jamshid Pourazar
- Division of MedicineDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Rosamund E. Dove
- Environmental Research GroupMRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and HealthKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental HazardsFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Thomas Sandstrom
- Division of MedicineDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Ian S. Mudway
- Environmental Research GroupMRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and HealthKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental HazardsFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Catherine M. Hawrylowicz
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental HazardsFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
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29
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The Association between Air Pollution and Outpatient and Inpatient Visits in Shenzhen, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020178. [PMID: 29360738 PMCID: PMC5858253 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, air pollution is a severe environmental problem in China. To investigate the effects of ambient air pollution on health, a time series analysis of daily outpatient and inpatient visits in 2015 were conducted in Shenzhen (China). Generalized additive model was employed to analyze associations between six air pollutants (namely SO2, CO, NO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5) and daily outpatient and inpatient visits after adjusting confounding meteorological factors, time and day of the week effects. Significant associations between air pollutants and two types of hospital visits were observed. The estimated increase in overall outpatient visits associated with each 10 µg/m3 increase in air pollutant concentration ranged from 0.48% (O3 at lag 2) to 11.48% (SO2 with 2-day moving average); for overall inpatient visits ranged from 0.73% (O3 at lag 7) to 17.13% (SO2 with 8-day moving average). Our results also suggested a heterogeneity of the health effects across different outcomes and in different populations. The findings in present study indicate that even in Shenzhen, a less polluted area in China, significant associations exist between air pollution and daily number of overall outpatient and inpatient visits.
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30
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Balmes JR. AJRCCM: 100-Year Anniversary. Clearing the Air: Indoors, Outdoors, and At Work. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:1100-1103. [PMID: 28459315 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201701-0152ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John R Balmes
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California and.,2 Division of Environmental Health Sciences University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California
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31
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Martinez FD, Kraft M. AJRCCM: 100-Year Anniversary. Focus on Asthma in Children and Adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:1085-1088. [PMID: 28459319 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201702-0301ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando D Martinez
- 1 Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson, Arizona
| | - Monica Kraft
- 1 Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson, Arizona
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32
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Rich DQ, Utell MJ, Croft DP, Thurston SW, Thevenet-Morrison K, Evans KA, Ling FS, Tian Y, Hopke PK. Daily land use regression estimated woodsmoke and traffic pollution concentrations and the triggering of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a case-crossover study. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2017; 11:239-244. [PMID: 29568338 PMCID: PMC5847146 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-017-0537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Prior work has reported acute associations between ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and short-term increases in airborne particulate matter. Subsequently, the association between STEMI and hourly measures of Delta-C (marker of woodsmoke) and black carbon (marker of traffic pollution) measured at a central site in Rochester, NY, were examined, but no association was found. Therefore, land use regression estimates of Delta-C and black carbon concentrations at each patient's residence were developed for 246 STEMI patients treated at the University of Rochester Medical Center during the winters of 2008-2012. Using case-crossover methods, the rate of STEMI associated with increased Delta-C and BC concentration on the same and previous 3 days was estimated after adjusting for 3-day mean temperature and relative humidity. Non-statistically significant increased rates of STEMI associated with interquartile range increases in concentrations of BC in the previous 2 days (1.10 μg/m3; OR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.93, 1.35) and Delta-C in the previous 3 days (0.43 μg/m3; OR = 1.16; 95% CI 0.96, 1.40) were found. Significantly increased rates of STEMI associated with interquartile range increases in concentrations of BC (1.23 μg/m3; OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.87, 1.24) or Delta-C (0.40 μg/m3; OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.85, 1.09) on the same day were not observed likely due, in part, to temporal misalignment. Therefore, sophisticated spatial-temporal models will be needed to minimize exposure error and bias by better predicting concentrations at individual locations for individual hours, especially for outcomes with short-term responses to air pollution (< 24 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Q. Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Mark J. Utell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Daniel P. Croft
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Sally W. Thurston
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard Box 630, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Kelly Thevenet-Morrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Kristin A. Evans
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Frederick S. Ling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Paul N. Yu Heart Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Yilin Tian
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Box 5708, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA
| | - Philip K. Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Box 5708, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA
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Inhaled Fine Particles Induce Alveolar Macrophage Death and Interleukin-1α Release to Promote Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Formation. Immunity 2017; 45:1299-1310. [PMID: 28002730 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Particulate pollution is thought to function as an adjuvant that can induce allergic responses. However, the exact cell types and immunological factors that initiate the lung-specific immune responses are unclear. We found that upon intratracheal instillation, particulates such as aluminum salts and silica killed alveolar macrophages (AMs), which then released interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and caused inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) formation in the lung. IL-1α release continued for up to 2 weeks after particulate exposure, and type-2 allergic immune responses were induced by the inhalation of antigen during IL-1α release and iBALT formation, even long after particulate instillation. Recombinant IL-1α was sufficient to induce iBALTs, which coincided with subsequent immunoglobulin E responses, and IL-1-receptor-deficient mice failed to induce iBALT formation. Therefore, the AM-IL-1α-iBALT axis might be a therapeutic target for particulate-induced allergic inflammation.
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Loxham M, Davies DE. Phenotypic and genetic aspects of epithelial barrier function in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1736-1751. [PMID: 28583446 PMCID: PMC5457128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The bronchial epithelium is continuously exposed to a multitude of noxious challenges in inhaled air. Cellular contact with most damaging agents is reduced by the action of the mucociliary apparatus and by formation of a physical barrier that controls passage of ions and macromolecules. In conjunction with these defensive barrier functions, immunomodulatory cross-talk between the bronchial epithelium and tissue-resident immune cells controls the tissue microenvironment and barrier homeostasis. This is achieved by expression of an array of sensors that detect a wide variety of viral, bacterial, and nonmicrobial (toxins and irritants) agents, resulting in production of many different soluble and cell-surface molecules that signal to cells of the immune system. The ability of the bronchial epithelium to control the balance of inhibitory and activating signals is essential for orchestrating appropriate inflammatory and immune responses and for temporally modulating these responses to limit tissue injury and control the resolution of inflammation during tissue repair. In asthmatic patients abnormalities in many aspects of epithelial barrier function have been identified. We postulate that such abnormalities play a causal role in immune dysregulation in the airways by translating gene-environment interactions that underpin disease pathogenesis and exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Loxham
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and the Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Donna E Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and the Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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35
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Miri M, Ebrahimi Aval H, Ehrampoush MH, Mohammadi A, Toolabi A, Nikonahad A, Derakhshan Z, Abdollahnejad A. Human health impact assessment of exposure to particulate matter: an AirQ software modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16513-16519. [PMID: 28555396 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the health impacts related to particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) exposure in the city of Yazd, Iran. For this aim, AirQ 2.2.3 software was used to model relationship between short-term exposure to PM10 and disease cases proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The annual mean concentration of PM10 was 97 μg/m3. The maximum concentration value of PM10 was measured during the summer (731 μg/m3). 4.988% (95%CI: 3.381-6.542%) of the total mortality, 7.3% (95%CI; 4.19-10.21%) of cardiovascular mortality, and 10.21% (95%CI; 4.19-14.89%) of respiratory mortality were related to the PM10 concentrations. Consequently, the AirQ software can provide valuable information about the importance of air pollution and the substantial impacts of PM10 on the society for policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Miri
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Hamideh Ebrahimi Aval
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Toolabi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Nikonahad
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Derakhshan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Abdollahnejad
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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36
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Khaniabadi YO, Fanelli R, De Marco A, Daryanoosh SM, Kloog I, Hopke PK, Conti GO, Ferrante M, Mohammadi MJ, Babaei AA, Basiri H, Goudarzi G. Hospital admissions in Iran for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributed to the Middle Eastern Dust storms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16860-16868. [PMID: 28573562 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to assess the possible effects of airborne particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10) from the Middle Eastern Dust (MED) events on human health in Khorramabad (Iran) in terms of estimated hospital admissions (morbidity) for cardiovascular diseases (HACD) and for respiratory diseases (HARD) during the period of 2015 to 2016. The AirQ program developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) was used to estimate the potential health impacts to daily PM10 exposures. The numbers of excess cases for cardiovascular/respiratory morbidity were 20/51, 72/185, and 20/53 on normal, dusty, and MED event days, respectively. The highest number of hospital admissions was estimated for PM10 concentrations in the range of 40 to 49 μg/m3, i.e, lower than the daily (50 μg/m3) limit value established by WHO. The results also showed that 4.7% (95% CI 3.2-6.7%) and 4.2% (95% CI 2.6-5.8%) of HARD and HACD, respectively, were attributed to PM10 concentrations above 10 μg/m3. The study demonstrates a significant impact of air pollution on people, which is manifested primarily as respiratory and cardiovascular problems. To reduce these effects, several immediate actions should be taken by the local authorities to control the impacts of dust storms on residents' health, e.g., developing a green beltway along the Iran-Iraq border and management of water such as irrigation of dry areas that would be effective as mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuef Omidi Khaniabadi
- Health Care System of Karoon, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roberto Fanelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche, Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- Department of Territorial and Production Systems Sustainability, ENEA, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Landmark Center Room 415, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA) of Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA) of Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Ali Akbar Babaei
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hassan Basiri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Goudarzi G, Daryanoosh SM, Godini H, Hopke PK, Sicard P, De Marco A, Rad HD, Harbizadeh A, Jahedi F, Mohammadi MJ, Savari J, Sadeghi S, Kaabi Z, Omidi Khaniabadi Y. Health risk assessment of exposure to the Middle-Eastern Dust storms in the Iranian megacity of Kermanshah. Public Health 2017; 148:109-116. [PMID: 28475960 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the effects of particulate matter (PM), equal or less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), from the Middle-Eastern Dust events on public health in the megacity of Kermanshah (Iran). STUDY DESIGN This study used epidemiological modeling and monitored ambient air quality data to estimate the potential PM10 impacts on public health. METHODS The AirQ2.2.3 model was used to calculate mortality and morbidity attributed to PM10 as representative of dust events. Using Visual Basic for Applications, the programming language of Excel software, hourly PM10 concentrations obtained from the local agency were processed to prepare input files for the AirQ2.2.3 model. RESULTS Using baseline incidence, defined by the World Health Organization, the number of estimated excess cases for respiratory mortality, hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, for respiratory diseases, and for cardiovascular diseases were 37, 39, 476, and 184 persons, respectively, from 21st March, 2014 to 20th March, 2015. Furthermore, 92% of mortality and morbidity cases occurred in days with PM10 concentrations lower than 150 μg/m3. The highest percentage of person-days occurred for daily concentrations range of 100-109 μg/m3, causing the maximum health end-points among the citizens of Kermanshah. CONCLUSIONS Calculating the number of cumulative excess cases for mortality or morbidity attributed to PM10 provides a good tool for decision and policy-makers in the field of health care to compensate their shortcomings particularly at hospital and healthcare centers for combating dust storms. To diminish these effects, several immediate actions should be managed in the governmental scale to control dust such as spreading mulch and planting new species that are compatible to arid area.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Goudarzi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - S M Daryanoosh
- Health Center of Hendijan, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - H Godini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - P K Hopke
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14619, USA
| | - P Sicard
- ACRI-HE, 260 route du Pin Montard, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - A De Marco
- Department of Territorial and Production Systems Sustainability, SSPT-MET-INAT, ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - H D Rad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Harbizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - F Jahedi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - J Savari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - S Sadeghi
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Z Kaabi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Y Omidi Khaniabadi
- Health Care System of Karoon, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Wedzicha JA, Brochard LJ, Martinez FD, Martinez FJ, Donaldson G. AJRCCM: 100-Y ear A nniversary.The Long View and the Fast Lane. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:1081-1085. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201703-0525ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Jaimini U, Banerjee T, Romine W, Thirunarayan K, Sheth A, Kalra M. Investigation of an Indoor Air Quality Sensor for Asthma Management in Children. IEEE SENSORS LETTERS 2017; 1:6000204. [PMID: 29082361 PMCID: PMC5658018 DOI: 10.1109/lsens.2017.2691677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring indoor air quality is critical because Americans spend 93% of their life indoors, and around 6.3 million children suffer from asthma. We want to passively and unobtrusively monitor the asthma patient's environment to detect the presence of two asthma-exacerbating activities: smoking and cooking using the Foobot sensor. We propose a data-driven approach to develop a continuous monitoring-activity detection system aimed at understanding and improving indoor air quality in asthma management. In this study, we were successfully able to detect a high concentration of particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, and carbon dioxide during cooking and smoking activities. We detected 1) smoking with an error rate of 1%; 2) cooking with an error rate of 11%; and 3) obtained an overall 95.7% percent accuracy classification across all events (control, cooking and smoking). Such a system will allow doctors and clinicians to correlate potential asthma symptoms and exacerbation reports from patients with environmental factors without having to personally be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarshani Jaimini
- Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge-Enabled Computing (Kno.e.sis), Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
| | - Tanvi Banerjee
- Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge-Enabled Computing (Kno.e.sis), Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
| | - William Romine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
| | - Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan
- Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge-Enabled Computing (Kno.e.sis), Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
| | - Amit Sheth
- Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge-Enabled Computing (Kno.e.sis), Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
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40
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Kim M, Asche CV, Tillis W, Ren J. Association between availability of care providers and healthcare utilizations among adults with asthma. Curr Med Res Opin 2017; 33:479-487. [PMID: 27882775 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1264930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited accessibility to providers may delay appropriate control of asthma exacerbations. The objective of our study is to estimate the contributors to the hospital/emergency department (ED) visits among adults with asthma focusing on the availability of healthcare providers. METHODS We conducted a pooled cross-sectional analysis using the 2011-2013 Asthma Call-Back Survey linked with 2012-2016 Area Health Resource Files. We employed multivariable logistic regression with dichotomous outcomes of hospitalization and ED visits. Key covariates were the availability of county-level healthcare provider variables per 100,000 persons such as the number of lung disease specialists (including pulmonary care specialists, and allergy and immunology specialists), the number of hospitals, the number of safety-net facilities including rural health centers (RHCs) and federally qualified health centers (FQHCs), and the number of primary care physicians (PCPs). RESULTS Among 25,621 adults, proportions of hospital visits and ED visits were 3.3% and 13.2%, respectively. An additional RHC reduced by 3% the odds of having an ED visit (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, p = .004). Patients with cost barriers to seeing a PCP were 60% (OR = 1.60, p = .028) more likely to have a hospital visit than those without. In addition, patients with cost barriers to seeing a specialist were 90% (OR = 1.90, p = .007) and 111% (OR = 2.11, p = .001) more likely to have a hospital visit and ED visit, respectively, than those without. CONCLUSIONS Hospital and ED visits among adults with asthma are partially related to the availability of providers, and more related to financial barriers. Therefore, financial support for the vulnerable asthma population might be a target for policy makers interested in reducing hospitalizations and ED visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchul Kim
- a Center for Outcomes Research/Department of Internal Medicine , University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria , Peoria , IL , USA
| | - Carl V Asche
- a Center for Outcomes Research/Department of Internal Medicine , University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria , Peoria , IL , USA
- b Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy , University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - William Tillis
- c OSF St. Francis Medical Center , Peoria , IL , USA
- d Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria , Peoria , IL , USA
| | - Jinma Ren
- a Center for Outcomes Research/Department of Internal Medicine , University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria , Peoria , IL , USA
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Brumpton B, Mai XM, Langhammer A, Laugsand LE, Janszky I, Strand LB. Prospective study of insomnia and incident asthma in adults: the HUNT study. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/2/1601327. [PMID: 28153868 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01327-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Insomnia is highly prevalent among asthmatics; however, few studies have investigated insomnia symptoms and asthma development. We aimed to investigate the association between insomnia and the risk of incident asthma in a population-based cohort.Among 17 927 participants free from asthma at baseline we calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of incident asthma among those with insomnia compared to those without. Participants reported sleep initiation problems, sleep maintenance problems and nonrestorative sleep. Chronic insomnia was defined as those reporting one or more insomnia symptom at baseline and 10 years earlier. Incident asthma was defined by questions on asthma at baseline and follow-up (average 11 years).The prevalence of sleep initiation problems, sleep maintenance problems and nonrestorative sleep were 1%, 1% and 5%, respectively. The multi-adjusted odds ratios were 1.18 (95% CI 0.97-1.44), 1.30 (95% CI 1.03-1.64) and 1.70 (95% CI 1.37-2.11) for people with one, two and three insomnia symptoms, respectively, compared with people without symptoms (p<0.01 for trend). The risk of developing asthma in those with chronic insomnia was three times higher (adjusted OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.37-6.40) than those without.Insomnia symptoms were associated with increased risk of incident asthma in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Brumpton
- Dept of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway .,Dept of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xiao-Mei Mai
- Dept of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- Dept of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Erik Laugsand
- Dept of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Imre Janszky
- Dept of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Regional Center for Health Care Improvement, St Olav Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Linn Beate Strand
- Dept of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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Yang HJ, Chen SC, Hu CW, Chiang YC, Tsai CT, Lin PY, Lai DJ, Kuo CY. Estimation of students' exposure to metal concentrations from river-dust episodes during 1994-2012. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:5679-5689. [PMID: 28039631 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two elementary schools (Shiuguang and Fongrong) from Yulin County in Taiwan, near a main area of potential exposure to Aeolian river-dust, were selected to collect outdoor and indoor PM10 aerosols and to measure five metals in PM10 (As, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Mn). Significant relationships (p < 0.01) were found between outdoor PM10 concentrations at Lunbei's air quality monitoring station and the two elementary schools. The outdoor PM10 concentrations at the monitoring station and the schools' indoor PM10 concentrations also showed significant correlations. This study also established a relationship between the outdoor and indoor concentrations of PM10 and metals in the schools. Estimations were made regarding students' 8 h of exposure to metal concentrations from river-dust episodes during 1994-2012, based on correlation equations that were shown to be statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jan Yang
- School of Public Health, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, 40242
| | - Szu-Chieh Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, 40242
| | - Chiung-Wen Hu
- School of Public Health, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, 40242
| | - Yi-Chen Chiang
- School of Public Health, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, 40242
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province University, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ching-Tsan Tsai
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, 40402
| | - Pin-Yu Lin
- Health Technology Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, 40242
| | - Dian-Jheng Lai
- Health Technology Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, 40242
| | - Chung-Yih Kuo
- School of Public Health, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, 40242.
- Health Technology Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, 40242.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, 40242.
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Chien-Kuo N Rd., Sec. 1, Taichung, Taiwan, 40242.
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Khaniabadi YO, Goudarzi G, Daryanoosh SM, Borgini A, Tittarelli A, De Marco A. Exposure to PM 10, NO 2, and O 3 and impacts on human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:2781-2789. [PMID: 27837472 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is emerging as a risk factor for human health like cancer and other health outcomes in developing countries, especially Iran where air pollutant concentrations are elevated. Additionally, some of the crucial environmental problems are caused by air pollution. Nevertheless, the data on health effects of air pollution are limited. The main objective of this study was to assess the health impacts attributed to particulate matter less than 10 μg/m3 (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) in Kermanshah City (Iran). The diurnal averages of PM10 and NO2 levels and 1-h averages of O3 concentrations were applied to assess the cardiovascular mortality due to exposure to these pollutants during the years 2014 and 2015. The excess number of cardiovascular mortality was estimated by relative risk (RR) and baseline incidence (BI) defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). The excess in mortality risk for cardiovascular diseases is of 188 premature deaths related to PM10, 33 related to NO2, and 83 related to O3, respectively. The results indicate that a 10-μg/m3 change in PM10, NO2, and O3 generates a relative risk of 1.066, 1.012, and 1.020, respectively. The excess of relative risk is of 6.6, 1.2, and 2.0%, respectively. Immediate policies and actions are needed to reduce the various sources of these pollutants from transport and energy manufacture facilities in Kermanshah.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi
- Health Care System of Karoon, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Alessandro Borgini
- Cancer Registry and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Tittarelli
- Cancer Registry and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- Department of Territorial and Production Systems Sustainability, SSPT-MET-INAT, ENEA, CR Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
This chapter discusses the emergence of the Internet of Things, using a case study of a citizen science initiative, focusing in particular on issues involved in measuring air quality. The core of the citizen science initiative was formed by a world-wide network of early adaptors of the Internet of Things who, motivated by public health issues, set out to create widely available tools for air quality measuring. With these tools, they established a global, citizen-led, air quality measurement network. Besides highlighting a number of social and technological issues which are involve any such enterprise, this chapter engages with the discourse surrounding the use of IoT in collective sensing projects. Two questions are salient here. Firstly, can IoT technology be used in a citizen science context to monitor air quality? And secondly, does the construction of these devices lead to a successful mobilisation around issues of air quality?
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Han KT, Bae HC, Lee SG, Kim SJ, Kim W, Lee HJ, Ju YJ, Park EC. Are sleep disorders associated with increased mortality in asthma patients? BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16:154. [PMID: 27855675 PMCID: PMC5114827 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Korea has experienced problems regarding poor management of symptoms of asthma patients and remarkable increases in sleep disorders. However, few studies have investigated these issues. We examined the relationship between sleep disorders and mortality in asthma patients to suggest effective alternatives from a novel perspective. METHODS We used data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) National Sample Cohort 2004-2013, which included medical claims filed for 186,491 patients who were newly diagnosed with asthma during the study period. We performed survival analyses using a Cox proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates to examine the relationship between sleep disorders and mortality in asthma patients. RESULTS There were 5179 (2.78%) patients who died during the study period. Sleep disorders in patients previously diagnosed with asthma were associated with a higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.451, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.253-1.681). In addition, significant interaction was found between sleep disorders and Charlson comorbidity index. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that an increased prevalence of sleep disorders in asthma patients increases the risk of mortality. Considering the worsening status of asthma management and the rapid growth of sleep disorders in South Korea, clinicians and health policymakers should work to develop interventions to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Tae Han
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Chul Bae
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Office of Communication, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Lee
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hospital Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ju Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woorim Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jun Ju
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Daryanoosh SM, Goudarzi G, Harbizadeh A, Nourmoradi H, Vaisi AA, Armin H, Sadeghi S, Omidi Khaniabadi Y. Hospital Admission for Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases Due to Particulate Matter in Ilam, Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jjhs-36106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Yang L, Liu G, Lin Z, Wang Y, He H, Liu T, Kamp DW. Pro-inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by specific components in ambient particulate matter in human bronchial epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:923-936. [PMID: 25533354 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that biological effect of particulate matter (PM2.5) is involved in including chemical composition and mass concentration, but the precise components and biological action on human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) are still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro toxicity of PM2.5 collected at six urban sites in China, and to investigate how particle composition affects cytotoxicity. We used human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cell lines as model in vitro to expose to PM2.5 from different source, and then reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity were analyzed. Furthermore, we estimated the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and transition metal and the endotoxin contents. The mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-10 following exposure to PM2.5 was measured by QRT-PCR. We also observed the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) using JC-1 staining, and apoptosis of BEAS-2B using flow cytometry. In addition, double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) were assessed using γ-H2AX immunofluorescence. Our results show that high concentrations of PAHs and elemental Ni were strongly associated with high apoptosis rates and high expression of IL-1β, in addition, Fe element was associated with the ROS level, furthermore, Fe and Cr element were associated with DNA damage in BEAS-2B cells. The cytotoxic effects of urban PM2.5 derived from six different cities in China appear dependent on the specific components in each. Our results indicate that air quality standards based on PM2.5 components may be more relevant than concentration-response functions (CRF). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 923-936, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawei Yang
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Ziying Lin
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Yahong Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Huijuan He
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Tie Liu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - David W Kamp
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 240 E. Huron, McGaw M-330, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
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48
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Rathnayake CM, Metwali N, Baker Z, Jayarathne T, Kostle PA, Thorne PS, O'Shaughnessy PT, Stone EA. Urban Enhancement of PM 10 Bioaerosol Tracers Relative to Background Locations in the Midwestern United States. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2016; 121:5071-5089. [PMID: 27672535 PMCID: PMC5034947 DOI: 10.1002/2015jd024538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioaerosols are well-known immune-active particles that exacerbate respiratory diseases. Human exposures to bioaerosols and their resultant health impacts depend on their ambient concentrations, seasonal and spatial variation, and co-pollutants, which are not yet widely characterized. In this study, chemical and biological tracers of bioaerosols were quantified in respirable particulate matter (PM10) collected at three urban and three background sites in the Midwestern United States across four seasons in 2012. Endotoxins from gram negative bacteria (and a few gram positive bacteria), water-soluble proteins, and tracers for fungal spores (fungal glucans, arabitol and mannitol) were ubiquitous and showed significant seasonal variation and dependence on temperature. Fungal spores were elevated in spring and peaked in summer, following the seasonal growing cycle, while endotoxins peaked in autumn during the row crop harvesting season. Paired comparisons of bioaerosols in urban and background sites revealed significant urban enhancements in PM10, fungal glucans, endotoxins and water-soluble proteins relative to background locations, such that urban populations have a greater outdoor exposure to bioaerosols. These bioaerosols contribute, in part, to the urban excesses in PM10. Higher bioaerosol mass fractions in urban areas relative to background sites indicate that urban areas serve as a source of bioaerosols. Similar urban enhancements in water-soluble calcium and its correlation with bioaerosol tracers point towards wind-blown soil as an important source of bioaerosols in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nervana Metwali
- University of Iowa State Hygienic Laboratory, Coralville, IA, USA 52241, United States
| | - Zach Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | | | - Pamela A Kostle
- University of Iowa State Hygienic Laboratory, Coralville, IA, USA 52241, United States
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Patrick T O'Shaughnessy
- Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Elizabeth A Stone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
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49
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Rathnayake CM, Metwali N, Baker Z, Jayarathne T, Kostle PA, Thorne PS, O'Shaughnessy PT, Stone EA. Urban Enhancement of PM 10 Bioaerosol Tracers Relative to Background Locations in the Midwestern United States. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2016. [PMID: 27672535 DOI: 10.1002/2015jd024538.received] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioaerosols are well-known immune-active particles that exacerbate respiratory diseases. Human exposures to bioaerosols and their resultant health impacts depend on their ambient concentrations, seasonal and spatial variation, and co-pollutants, which are not yet widely characterized. In this study, chemical and biological tracers of bioaerosols were quantified in respirable particulate matter (PM10) collected at three urban and three background sites in the Midwestern United States across four seasons in 2012. Endotoxins from gram negative bacteria (and a few gram positive bacteria), water-soluble proteins, and tracers for fungal spores (fungal glucans, arabitol and mannitol) were ubiquitous and showed significant seasonal variation and dependence on temperature. Fungal spores were elevated in spring and peaked in summer, following the seasonal growing cycle, while endotoxins peaked in autumn during the row crop harvesting season. Paired comparisons of bioaerosols in urban and background sites revealed significant urban enhancements in PM10, fungal glucans, endotoxins and water-soluble proteins relative to background locations, such that urban populations have a greater outdoor exposure to bioaerosols. These bioaerosols contribute, in part, to the urban excesses in PM10. Higher bioaerosol mass fractions in urban areas relative to background sites indicate that urban areas serve as a source of bioaerosols. Similar urban enhancements in water-soluble calcium and its correlation with bioaerosol tracers point towards wind-blown soil as an important source of bioaerosols in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nervana Metwali
- University of Iowa State Hygienic Laboratory, Coralville, IA, USA 52241, United States
| | - Zach Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | | | - Pamela A Kostle
- University of Iowa State Hygienic Laboratory, Coralville, IA, USA 52241, United States
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Patrick T O'Shaughnessy
- Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Elizabeth A Stone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
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50
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Wu TJ, Wu CF, Chen BY, Lee YL, Guo YL. Age of asthma onset and vulnerability to ambient air pollution: an observational population-based study of adults from Southern Taiwan. BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16:54. [PMID: 27094099 PMCID: PMC4837625 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Late-onset asthma (onset > 12 years) is pathologically distinct from early-onset asthma. The mechanism of air pollution is not a classic allergic inflammation and could have differential effect on late-onset and early-onset asthma. However, there is little known about the association of onset-age phenotype and air pollution. In this population-based study, we aimed to determine the association of asthma severity outcomes and air pollution regarding age at onset of asthma. Methods In 2004, we conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey about respiratory health among schoolchildren’s parents randomly selected from 94 of 816 elementary and middle schools in southern Taiwan. Participants ever having typical asthma symptoms were enrolled. We used kriging method to estimate individual exposure to ambient air pollution in the preceding year before the year of asthma severity survey. Ordered logistic regression was used to determine the association of exposure and asthma severity scores. Age at asthma onset of 12 years was used as a cut-off to define early- or late-onset asthma. Results The study surveyed 35,682 participants. Data from 23,551 participants remained satisfactory with a response rate of 66 %. Among 20,508 participants aged 26–50 years, 703 questionnaire-determined asthmatics were identified and included for analysis. Using the median of PM10 (66 μg/m3) as a cut-off, those exposed to higher PM10 were more likely to have higher severity scores (OR = 1.74; 95 % CI, 1.13 – 2.70) only for asthmatics with asthma onset at > 12 years. Conclusions In adulthood, exposure to PM10 has a greater effect on late-onset asthma than early-onset asthma and deserves greater attention among ambient air pollutants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-016-0218-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ju Wu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, 17, Syujhou Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Min-Sheng Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fu Wu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, 17, Syujhou Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yu Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, 17, Syujhou Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, 17, Syujhou Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
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