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Han YY, Celedón JC. The effects of violence and related stress on asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024:S1081-1206(24)00479-4. [PMID: 39069155 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In the United States, people living in deprived urban areas and persons in certain minoritized groups are often exposed to violence and affected with asthma, and epidemiologic studies have shown a link between exposure to violence (ETV) and asthma throughout the lifespan. Indeed, ETV at the individual, intrafamilial and community levels has been linked to asthma in children and adults. In this review, we discuss the evidence for a causal relation between ETV and asthma, emphasizing findings published in the last five years. Interpretation of the available evidence is limited by variable quality of the assessment of ETV or asthma, potential recall and selection bias, inability to estimate the relative contribution of various types of violence to the observed associations, lack of objective biomarkers of asthma or asthma endotypes, and inconsistent consideration of potential confounders or modifiers of the ETV-asthma link. Despite such limitations, the aggregate evidence from studies conducted in different locations and populations suggests that ETV affects asthma and asthma outcomes, and that this is explained by direct physiologic effects of violence-related distress and indirect effects (e.g., through risky health behaviors or co-morbidities). Thus, large prospective studies with careful assessment of specific types of ETV, key covariates and comorbidities (including mental illness), and asthma are needed to advance this field. Such research efforts should not preclude screening for maltreatment in children with asthma and ETV-related depression and anxiety in adolescents and adults with asthma. Further, vigorous policies are needed to curtail violence, as such policies could benefit patients with asthma while saving lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ying Han
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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He LX, Deng K, Wang J, Zhang X, Wang L, Zhang HP, Xie M, Chen ZH, Zhang J, Chen-Yu Hsu A, Zhang L, Oliver BG, Wark PAB, Qin L, Gao P, Wan HJ, Liu D, Luo FM, Li WM, Wang G, Gibson PG. Clinical Subtypes of Neutrophilic Asthma: A Cluster Analysis From Australasian Severe Asthma Network. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:686-698.e8. [PMID: 37778630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical heterogeneity may exist within asthma subtypes defined by inflammatory markers. However, the heterogeneity of neutrophilic asthma (NA) remains largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE To explore potential clusters and the stability of NA. METHODS Participants with NA from the Australasian Severe Asthma Network underwent a multidimensional assessment. They were then asked to participate in a 12-month longitudinal cohort study. We explored potential clusters using a hierarchical cluster analysis and validated the differential future risk of asthma exacerbations in the identified clusters. A decision tree analysis was developed to predict cluster assignments. Finally, the stability of prespecified clusters was examined within 1 month. RESULTS Three clusters were identified in 149 patients with NA. Cluster 1 (n = 99; 66.4%) was characterized by female-predominant nonsmokers with well-controlled NA, cluster 2 (n = 16; 10.7%) by individuals with comorbid anxiety/depressive symptoms with poorly controlled NA, and cluster 3 by older male smokers with late-onset NA. Cluster 2 had a greater proportion of participants with severe exacerbations (P = .005), hospitalization (P = .010), and unscheduled visits (P = .013) and a higher number of emergency room visits (P = .039) than that of the other two clusters. The decision tree assigned 92.6% of participants correctly. Most participants (87.5%; n = 7) in cluster 2 had a stable NA phenotype, whereas participants of clusters 1 and 3 had variable phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS We identified three clinical clusters of NA, in which cluster 2 represents an uncontrolled and stable NA subtype with an elevated risk of exacerbations. These findings have clinical implications for the management of NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiu He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Ping Zhang
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Hong Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Respiratory Division of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Center for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hua Jing Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Respiratory Microbiome Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Ming Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Min Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Respiratory Microbiome Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Peter Gerard Gibson
- Priority Research Center for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council Center for Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Ji N, Baptista A, Yu CH, Cepeda C, Green F, Greenberg M, Mincey IC, Ohman-Strickland P, Fiedler N, Kipen HM, Laumbach RJ. Traffic-related air pollution, chronic stress, and changes in exhaled nitric oxide and lung function among a panel of children with asthma living in an underresourced community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168984. [PMID: 38040352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined associations between short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) and airway inflammation and lung function in children with asthma, and whether these associations are modified by chronic psychological stress. Residents of underresourced port-adjacent communities in New Jersey were concerned about the cumulative impacts of exposure to TRAP, particularly diesel-engine truck emissions, and stress on exacerbation of asthma among children. Children with asthma aged 9-14 (n = 35) were recruited from non-smoking households. We measured each participant's (1) continuous personal exposure to black carbon (BC, a surrogate of TRAP) at 1-min intervals, (2) 24-h integrated personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), (3) daily fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and (4) lung function for up to 30 consecutive days. Personal BC was recorded by micro-aethalometers. We measured daily FeNO using the NIOX MINO, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC) using Easy One Frontline spirometers. Chronic stress was measured with the UCLA Life Stress Interview for Children. The association was examined using linear mixed-effect models. In the fully adjusted model, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in BC at lag 0-6 h before the FeNO measurement was associated with 8 % (95 % CI: 3 % - 12 %) increase in FeNO, whereas an IQR increase in BC at lag 7-12 h and lag 0-24 h were associated with 6 % (95 % CI: 2 % - 11 %) and 7 % (2 % - 12 %) FeNO increases, respectively. There were no significant lung function changes per IQR increase in BC. No interactions were observed between chronic stress and BC on FeNO. Chronic stress was negatively associated with individual average FeNO levels. Our findings suggest that higher levels of BC exposure within the prior 24 h increased airway inflammation levels in children with asthma, with the strongest effect observed within the first 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ji
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - A Baptista
- The New School, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - C H Yu
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America; New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, NJ, United States of America
| | - C Cepeda
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - F Green
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - M Greenberg
- The New School, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - I Colon Mincey
- Ironbound Community Corporation, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - P Ohman-Strickland
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - N Fiedler
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - H M Kipen
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - R J Laumbach
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America.
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Higgins ET, Davidson RJ, Busse WW, Klaus DR, Bednarek GT, Goldman RI, Sachs J, Rosenkranz MA. Clinically relevant effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in individuals with asthma. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 25:100509. [PMID: 36177306 PMCID: PMC9513112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological distress and comorbid psychopathology contribute to exacerbation risk in patients with asthma. Thus, interventions designed to reduce stress and improve emotion regulation, such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), may augment standard care. Few studies have addressed this question and a paucity of data exists to determine the ability of MBSR to impact clinical outcomes in asthma. Methods This randomized controlled trial investigated effects of MBSR training on asthma control and airway inflammation, in relation to psychological symptoms, in adults with asthma. Participants were randomized to an 8-week MBSR training (n = 35) or wait-list control group (n = 34). Clinically relevant asthma assessments, including Asthma Control Questionnaire and inflammatory biomarkers, were collected at baseline and six approximately-monthly follow-ups. Self-reported mindfulness, distress, depression, and anxiety symptoms were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and study completion. Chronic stress level was determined at baseline only. Results Asthma control improved significantly in individuals randomized to MBSR, relative to wait-list controls (p = .01; effect size d = 0.76), which was maintained at 4mo post-intervention. 32% of MBSR participants achieved a clinically significant improvement, based on the ACQ6 Minimally Important Difference, relative to 12% of wait-list participants. Moreover, MBSR-related improvement in asthma control was associated with a reduction in distress (p = .043) and the intervention was most efficacious for those with the highest baseline depressive symptoms (p = .023). Importantly, MBSR also reduced levels of exhaled nitric oxide, a biomarker of airway inflammation, relative to wait-list controls (p < .05). Conclusion Supporting and extending extant evidence of mind-body relationships in asthma and the benefits of stress reduction for these patients, this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first RCT to demonstrate that training in MBSR improves clinically relevant asthma outcomes. MBSR may thus be a valuable addition to optimal asthma management, particularly for those with comorbid psychopathology. Clinical trial registration NCT02157766.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle T. Higgins
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave, Madison, WI, 53703, USA
| | - Richard J. Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave, Madison, WI, 53703, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - William W. Busse
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Danika R. Klaus
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Gina T. Bednarek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Robin I. Goldman
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave, Madison, WI, 53703, USA
| | - Jane Sachs
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave, Madison, WI, 53703, USA
| | - Melissa A. Rosenkranz
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave, Madison, WI, 53703, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
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Konstantinou GN, Konstantinou GN, Koulias C, Petalas K, Makris M. Further Understanding of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Allergy: Implications in Pathophysiology and Role in Disease Progression. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1273-1291. [PMID: 36117919 PMCID: PMC9473548 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s282039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complicated interaction between the central and the autonomic (sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric) nervous systems on the one hand and the immune system and its components, on the other hand, seems to substantially contribute to allergy pathophysiology, uncovering an under-recognized association that could have diagnostic and therapeutic potentials. Neurons connect directly with and regulate the function of many immune cells, including mast cells, the cells that have a leading role in allergic disorders. Proinflammatory mediators such as cytokines, neurotrophins, chemokines, and neuropeptides are released by immune cells, which stimulate sensory neurons. The release of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides caused by the activation of these neurons directly impacts the functional activity of immune cells and vice versa, playing a decisive role in this communication. Successful application of Pavlovian conditioning in allergic disorders supports the existence of a psychoneuroimmunological interplay in classical allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Activation of neuronal homeostatic reflexes, like sneezing in allergic rhinitis, coughing in allergic asthma, and vomiting in food allergy, offers additional evidence of a neuroimmunological interaction that aims to maintain homeostasis. Dysregulation of this interaction may cause overstimulation of the immune system that will produce profound symptoms and exaggerated hemodynamic responses that will lead to severe allergic pathophysiological events, including anaphylaxis. In this article, we have systematically reviewed and discussed the evidence regarding the role of the neuro-immune interactions in common allergic clinical modalities like allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic asthma, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria. It is essential to understand unknown – to most of the immunology and allergy experts – neurological networks that not only physiologically cooperate with the immune system to regulate homeostasis but also pathogenetically interact with more or less known immunological pathways, contribute to what is known as neuroimmunological inflammation, and shift homeostasis to instability and disease clinical expression. This understanding will provide recognition of new allergic phenotypes/endotypes and directions to focus on specialized treatments, as the era of personalized patient-centered medicine, is hastening apace.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Konstantinou
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerasimos N Konstantinou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre of Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Koulias
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Makris
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Gaietto K, Celedón JC. Child maltreatment and asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:1973-1981. [PMID: 35583017 PMCID: PMC9398985 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests a potential link between child maltreatment and asthma. Determining whether and how child maltreatment causes or worsens asthma would have major implications for disease prevention and treatment, as well as public health policy. In this article, we examine epidemiologic studies of child maltreatment and asthma and asthma-related outcomes, review the evidence for potential mechanisms underlying the child maltreatment-asthma association, and discuss future directions. To date, a child maltreatment-asthma link has been reported in most studies of children and adults, though the type of maltreatment associated with asthma has differed across studies. Such discrepant findings are likely explained by differences in study design and quality. All studies have been limited by potential under-reporting of child maltreatment and selection bias, and nonthorough assessment of asthma. Despite these limitations, the aggregate evidence from epidemiologic studies suggests a possible causal link between child maltreatment and asthma, though the relative contributions of various types of maltreatment (physical, sexual, emotional, or neglect) are unclear. To date, there is insufficient evidence of an association between child maltreatment and lung function in children or adults. Limited evidence further suggests that child maltreatment could influence the development or severity of asthma through direct effects on stress responses and anxiety- or depressive-related disorders, immunity, and airway inflammation, as well as indirect effects such as increased obesity risk. Future prospective studies should aim to adequately characterize both child maltreatment and asthma, while also assessing relevant covariates and biomarkers of stress, immune, and therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Gaietto
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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[Asthma and suicidal behavior in adolescents: a literature review]. Rev Mal Respir 2022; 39:344-366. [PMID: 35459587 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a difficult time in life and asthma has major psychological consequences for adolescents. OBJECTIVES This systematic literature review focused on the association between asthma and suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideations [SI], suicide plans [SP] and suicide attempts [SA]) among adolescents in the general population. METHOD Research on Medline for the 1980-2021 period. Objectives This systematic literature review focused on the association between asthma and suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideations [SI], suicide plans [SP] and suicide attempts [SA]) among adolescents in the general population. RESULTS An overwhelming majority of the studies taken into consideration demonstrated a significant positive association between asthma and suicidal behaviors. Among the 10 studies assessing SI (with or without SP), 9 of them found a significant positive association between asthma and SI. Eight studies assessed SA; five cross-sectional studies and one prospective study demonstrated a significant positive association between asthma and SA. Only one case-control study did not find a significant positive association between asthma and SA after hospitalization for asthma. The two cross-sectional studies assessing suicidal risk taken as a whole (SI, SP and SA) demonstrated a significant positive association between asthma and at least one suicidal behavior. (OR=1.71; P<0.001). However, several studies did not include depression as an adjustment factor. CONCLUSION It is important that healthcare professionals assess suicide risk in adolescent suffering from asthma, the objective being to avoid SA or death from SA.
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Landeo-Gutierrez J, Celedón JC. Chronic stress and asthma in adolescents. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 125:393-398. [PMID: 32653405 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE First, to review and critically discuss published evidence on psychosocial stressors, stress, and asthma in adolescents and, then, discuss potential future directions in this field. DATA SOURCES The data source is the National Library of Medicine (PubMed database). STUDY SELECTIONS A literature search was conducted for human studies on stressors or stress and asthma between 2000 and 2020. Studies that were published in English, contained a full text, and included adolescents were considered for inclusion in this review. RESULTS Compared with the available body of evidence in children and adults, relatively few studies have been published in adolescents. Current evidence suggests that exposure to stressors (at the individual, family, and community levels) or stress (acute and chronic) is associated with asthma and worse asthma outcomes, but such evidence must be cautiously interpreted owing to limitations in the design or the analytical approach of the published studies. CONCLUSION Future large studies with a prospective design should determine whether and how stressors or stress causes or worsens asthma in adolescents. At present, clinicians should assess exposure to stressors (eg, violence or abuse) and screen for anxiety and depressive disorders when caring for adolescents with asthma in addition to providing referrals to social workers or mental health professionals when appropriate. Public health policies are needed to reduce psychosocial stressors, such as gun violence and racism, in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Landeo-Gutierrez
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Cameron L, Palikhe NS, Laratta C, Vliagoftis H. Elevated Circulating Th2 Cells in Women With Asthma and Psychological Morbidity: A New Asthma Endotype? Clin Ther 2020; 42:1015-1031. [PMID: 32482491 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychological stress shifts the immune system toward the production of T-helper (Th)-2-mediated cytokines and eosinophilia, increases the risks for both asthma and depression, and can precipitate asthma exacerbations. Th2-mediated inflammation is a characteristic of allergic asthma. We have shown that the levels of CD4+ Th2 cells in the peripheral blood of patients with asthma are associated with severity and/or control of the disease. To improve our understanding of the interactions between stress and asthma symptoms, we evaluated the effects of psychological comorbidity on Th2-mediated inflammation in patients with asthma. METHODS Sixty-six asthmatic patients were recruited from the University of Alberta Asthma Clinic after they gave informed consent. Stress-related effects on asthma and psychological morbidity were assessed using the Asthma Control Questionnaire, completed by the patients at recruitment. Venous blood was collected at recruitment and Th2-mediated immunity evaluated by flow cytometry, quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. FINDINGS Patients with stress-triggered asthma (n = 12) had higher percentage of CD4+ T cells (P = 0.006) and Th2 cells (CD4+CRTh2+ T cells; P = 0.002) in peripheral blood compared to patients with asthma who did not experience stress-related worsening of disease (n = 54). The same was true when we analyzed patients with any form of psychological comorbidity (n = 19) compared to those without psychological comorbidities (n = 47). These differences were evident among women, but not among men. Women with psychological comorbidity also required higher doses of inhaled and oral corticosteroids compared to those without psychological comorbidity. IMPLICATIONS Asthma involving psychological morbidity associates with an elevated level of circulating Th2 cells and increased corticosteroid usage, and may be more prevalent in women. Larger-scale prospective studies are required for assessing whether these women constitute a new endotype of Th2-high asthma responsive to treatments aimed to improve psychological comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Cameron
- Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Nami Shrestha Palikhe
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cheryl Laratta
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Shoair OA, Cook EA, Shipman D, Dunn RL. Antidepressant Target Dose Optimization and Control of Severe Asthma Exacerbations in Uninsured and Underinsured Patients with Anxiety and/or Depression. Pharmacotherapy 2020; 40:320-330. [PMID: 32060937 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are prevalent in patients with asthma. These disorders may increase asthma severity and decrease asthma control. No studies have evaluated the impact of achieving antidepressant target dose optimization compared with not achieving antidepressant target doses on asthma control in uninsured and underinsured patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of achieving antidepressant target dose optimization in uninsured and underinsured adult asthma patients with GAD and/or MDD on the risk of severe asthma exacerbations and number of asthma-related outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of uninsured and underinsured adult asthma patients with GAD and/or MDD who have been initiated on a single antidepressant and maintained on a stable dose for 8 weeks (index date). Eligible patients were followed for 12-24 months after the index date and separated into those who achieved a target dose (target group) and those who did not (control group). Poisson regression was used to compare the risk of severe exacerbations, and analysis of covariance was used to compare the number of severe exacerbations and other asthma-related outcomes between the target and control groups during the 1- and 2-year post-index periods. RESULTS A total of 61 patients (24 in the target group and 37 in the control group) met inclusion criteria. The target group had a reduced risk of severe asthma exacerbations compared with the control group during the 1-year post-index (adjusted risk reduction [RR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26-0.82) and 2-year post-index (adjusted RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.82) periods. The target group also experienced a lower number of severe asthma exacerbations and other asthma-related outcomes during the 1- and 2-year post-index periods compared with the control group after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Among uninsured and underinsured asthma patients with GAD and/or MDD who were initiated on a single antidepressant, those who were titrated to achieve target doses had a reduced risk of severe asthma exacerbations and a lower number of asthma-related outcomes than those who were not optimized to achieve target doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Shoair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisch College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Elizabeth A Cook
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Fisch College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas.,Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Services at The Robert J. Dole Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Wichita, Kansas
| | - Denver Shipman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Fisch College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas.,Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Services at The Robert J. Dole Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Wichita, Kansas
| | - Rebecca L Dunn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Fisch College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
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11
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Zheng J, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang G, Zhang HP, Kang DY, Peng ZG, Ji YL, Wang L, Gibson PG, Wang G. Depressive symptom-associated IL-1β and TNF-α release correlates with impaired bronchodilator response and neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:770-780. [PMID: 30675924 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms worsen asthma outcomes; however, the mechanism remains largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether depressive symptom-associated immune inflammation correlates with impaired bronchodilator response (BDR) and airway inflammatory phenotypes. METHODS Eligible adults with asthma (n = 198) underwent clinical assessment, sputum induction and blood sampling. Depressive symptoms were defined by scores on the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry was performed for BDR. Airway inflammatory phenotypes were defined by sputum cell counts. CRP, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, CCL17 and CCL22 in serum and sputum were detected. RESULTS Compared with the non-depressive group (n = 174), the depressive group (n = 24) exhibited impaired BDR (P = 0.032) and increased sputum neutrophils (P = 0.023), which correlated with the HADS-D scores (P = 0.027 and P = 0.029). Levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the serum and those of IL-1β and IFN-γ in the sputum were elevated in the depressive group compared to those in the non-depressive group (all P < 0.05). Multiple regression models indicated that TNF-α in the sputum and IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ in both the serum and sputum were inversely associated with BDR; TNF-α in the sputum and IL-1β in both the serum and sputum were positively correlated with sputum neutrophils. Mediation analyses revealed that IL-1β and TNF-α in the sputum and IL-1β in both the serum and sputum mediate the correlations of the HADS-D scores with BDR and sputum neutrophils, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Asthma patients with depressive symptoms present worse asthma control, which is most likely explained by impaired BDR and neutrophilic airway inflammation. IL-1β and TNF-α, which are two key pro-inflammatory cytokines that mediate the correlation of depressive symptoms with impaired BDR and neutrophilic airway inflammation, may serve as targeted biomarkers in the neuropsychological phenotype of asthma; however, this result needs to be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Ping Zhang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - De Ying Kang
- Department of Evidence-based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zu Gui Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Lin Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peter Gerard Gibson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gang Wang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Yin J, Ma X, Huang F, Ma Y, Li Y. Bronchiolitis obliterans murine model induced by nitric acid aerosol inhalation: An economical and reproducible model. Exp Lung Res 2018; 44:143-152. [PMID: 29683731 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2018.1455926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a highly debilitative and fatal syndrome associated with a series of severe lower airway disorders. The pathogenesis of BO is complicated and not entirely understood. An appropriate animal model of BO may aid research into its pathogenesis. Here, we establish a mouse model of BO to provide insight into this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS 6-8 week old BABL/c mice were exposed to 5% nitric acid (NA) aerosol through a nebulizer for 3 hours, and controls were exposed to distilled water instead. Symptoms, airway resistance and pathological process were observed dynamically. The levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), 8-isoprostane and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BLAF) were determined by ELISA on day 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 after the aerosol nebulization. RESULTS Typical BO lesions were observed in NA nebulized mice characterized histologically by initial necrotizing bronchiolitis and final airway fibrosis at day 28 after the aerosol nebulization. NA nebulized mice also exhibited labored breathing and significantly increased airway resistance. Expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, 8-isoprostane and MPO were significantly elevated in NA nebulized mice in different time frame. CONCLUSION A murine BO model was established by NA aerosol inhalation. It provides an easy, economic, and reproducible mice model for BO research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Yin
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , jilin , China.,b Department of Molecular Biology , Basic Medical College of Jilin University , Changchun , jilin , China
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- c Department of Pathology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , jilin , China
| | - Fei Huang
- d Department of Orthopedics , China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , jilin , China
| | - Yucong Ma
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , jilin , China
| | - Yanan Li
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , jilin , China.,b Department of Molecular Biology , Basic Medical College of Jilin University , Changchun , jilin , China
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13
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Miyasaka T, Dobashi-Okuyama K, Takahashi T, Takayanagi M, Ohno I. The interplay between neuroendocrine activity and psychological stress-induced exacerbation of allergic asthma. Allergol Int 2018; 67:32-42. [PMID: 28539203 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is recognized as a key factor in the exacerbation of allergic asthma, whereby brain responses to stress act as immunomodulators for asthma. In particular, stress-induced enhanced type 2 T-helper (Th2)-type lung inflammation is strongly associated with asthma pathogenesis. Psychological stress leads to eosinophilic airway inflammation through activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway and autonomic nervous system. This is followed by the secretion of stress hormones into the blood, including glucocorticoids, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, which enhance Th2 and type 17 T-helper (Th17)-type asthma profiles in humans and rodents. Recent evidence has shown that a defect of the μ-opioid receptor in the brain along with a defect of the peripheral glucocorticoid receptor signaling completely disrupted stress-induced airway inflammation in mice. This suggests that the stress response facilitates events in the central nervous and endocrine systems, thus exacerbating asthma. In this review, we outline the recent findings on the interplay between stress and neuroendocrine activities followed by stress-induced enhanced Th2 and Th17 immune responses and attenuated regulatory T (Treg) cell responses that are closely linked with asthma exacerbation. We will place a special focus on our own data that has emphasized the continuity from central sensing of psychological stress to enhanced eosinophilic airway inflammation. The mechanism that modulates psychological stress-induced exacerbation of allergic asthma through neuroendocrine activities is thought to involve a series of consecutive pathological events from the brain to the lung, which implies there to be a "neuropsychiatry phenotype" in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kaori Dobashi-Okuyama
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoaki Takayanagi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Isao Ohno
- Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
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14
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Kong L, Zhang H, Cao Y, Le J, Wu J, Liu B, Chen M, Du Y, Wang J, Wang G, Yi T, Zhou X, Wang G, Miao Q, Li S, Zhao N, Dong J. The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Invigorating Kidney and Supplementing Qi Chinese Herbal Formulae in Asthma Patients. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:3754145. [PMID: 28740537 PMCID: PMC5504930 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3754145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The theories of Shen-reinforcement and Qi-supplementation are important in asthma treatment based on traditional Chinese medicine theories. Early studies suggested that Invigorating Kidney and Supplementing Qi herbal formulae, Bu Shen Fang Chuan (BSFC) and Bu Shen Yi Qi (BSYQ), conveyed promising results in asthma treatment. However, the efficacy and safety of the formulae need to be further investigated by a randomized double-blind clinical trial. METHODS 328 eligible patients were randomly sent to BSFC, BSYQ, and placebo group. The two formulae were received as add-on therapy. The primary endpoints were rate of asthma exacerbation and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) score. The secondary endpoints included HPA axis function and inflammatory cytokine production profile. All indexes were measured before and after treatment. RESULTS The primary endpoints were not improved in both groups; however, the depression levels of subgroup patients with HAM-D score > 5 were improved in BSFC group. HPA axis functions and inflammatory cytokines level were also improved by two formulae. The incidences of adverse events were similar among groups. CONCLUSIONS The two formulae had multiple advantage effects on neuroendocrine-immune system. They are worth used as a replacement therapy in asthma. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered with clinical trial number ChiCTR-PRC-09000529.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwen Kong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yuxue Cao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jingjing Le
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Baojun Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yijie Du
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Genfa Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Tao Yi
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xianmei Zhou
- Pneumology Department, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Pneumology Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing Miao
- Pneumology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Suyun Li
- Pneumology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Naiqing Zhao
- Department of Statistics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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15
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Edwards MR, Saglani S, Schwarze J, Skevaki C, Smith JA, Ainsworth B, Almond M, Andreakos E, Belvisi MG, Chung KF, Cookson W, Cullinan P, Hawrylowicz C, Lommatzsch M, Jackson D, Lutter R, Marsland B, Moffatt M, Thomas M, Virchow JC, Xanthou G, Edwards J, Walker S, Johnston SL. Addressing unmet needs in understanding asthma mechanisms: From the European Asthma Research and Innovation Partnership (EARIP) Work Package (WP)2 collaborators. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/5/1602448. [PMID: 28461300 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02448-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous, complex disease with clinical phenotypes that incorporate persistent symptoms and acute exacerbations. It affects many millions of Europeans throughout their education and working lives and puts a heavy cost on European productivity. There is a wide spectrum of disease severity and control. Therapeutic advances have been slow despite greater understanding of basic mechanisms and the lack of satisfactory preventative and disease modifying management for asthma constitutes a significant unmet clinical need. Preventing, treating and ultimately curing asthma requires co-ordinated research and innovation across Europe. The European Asthma Research and Innovation Partnership (EARIP) is an FP7-funded programme which has taken a co-ordinated and integrated approach to analysing the future of asthma research and development. This report aims to identify the mechanistic areas in which investment is required to bring about significant improvements in asthma outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rene Lutter
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Marsland
- University of Lausanne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Georgina Xanthou
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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16
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Al-Sawalha NA, Migdadi AM, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Qinna NA. Effect of waterpipe tobacco smoking on airway inflammation in murine model of asthma. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:46-52. [PMID: 28330430 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1280105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been an increase in the popularity of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) worldwide, especially in the younger population, including asthma patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of waterpipe smoking on airway inflammation, cytokine levels and oxidative stress markers in an antigen-driven murine model of asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Balb/c mice were divided into four groups; (1) control (received fresh air, ovalbumin sensitization and saline challenge), (2) WTS (received WTS, ovalbumin sensitization and saline challenge), (3) Ova S/C (received fresh air, ovalbumin sensitization and ovalbumin challenge) and (4) simultaneous WTS and Ova S/C (received WTS, ovalbumin sensitization and ovalbumin challenge). Airway inflammatory cells were evaluated in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. Cytokines [interleukin (IL)-13, 10 and 18] and oxidative stress markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] were evaluated in the lung homogenates. RESULTS Chronic exposure to WTS significantly increased the number of airway inflammatory cells in mice, specifically: eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes. The level of IL-13 in the lungs was increased and the level of IL-10 was reduced (p < 0.05) by WTS. Chronic WTS potentiated the increase in inflammatory cells induced by Ova S/C (p < 0.05). The level of IL-13 in the lungs was increased by simultaneous WTS and Ova S/C (p < 0.05) while, levels of IL-10, IL-18, SOD, catalase and GPx in the lungs were not affected. CONCLUSIONS Chronic WTS exposure induced airway inflammation in control mice and enhanced airway inflammation in murine model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour A Al-Sawalha
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Ala'a M Migdadi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- b Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.,c Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Taibah University , Medina , Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidal A Qinna
- d Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , University of Petra , Amman , Jordan
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17
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Rosenkranz MA, Esnault S, Christian BT, Crisafi G, Gresham LK, Higgins AT, Moore MN, Moore SM, Weng HY, Salk RH, Busse WW, Davidson RJ. Mind-body interactions in the regulation of airway inflammation in asthma: A PET study of acute and chronic stress. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 58:18-30. [PMID: 27039241 PMCID: PMC5045317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress has long been recognized as a contributing factor to asthma symptom expression and disease progression. Yet, the neural mechanisms that underlie this relationship have been largely unexplored in research addressing the pathophysiology and management of asthma. Studies that have examined the mechanisms of this relationship in the periphery suggest that it is the superimposition of acute stress on top of chronic stress that is of greatest concern for airway inflammation. METHODS We compared asthmatic individuals with high and low levels of chronic life stress in their neural and peripheral physiological responses to the Trier Social Stress Test and a matched control task. We used FDG-PET to measure neural activity during performance of the two tasks. We used both circulating and airway-specific markers of asthma-related inflammation to assess the impact of acute stress in these two groups. RESULTS Asthmatics under chronic stress had a larger HPA-axis response to an acute stressor, which failed to show the suppressive effects on inflammatory markers observed in those with low chronic stress. Moreover, our PET data suggest that greater activity in the anterior insula during acute stress may reflect regulation of the effect of stress on inflammation. In contrast, greater activity in the mid-insula and perigenual anterior cingulate seems to reflect greater reactivity and was associated with greater airway inflammation, a more robust alpha amylase response, and a greater stress-induced increase in proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in airway cells. CONCLUSIONS Acute stress is associated with increases in markers of airway inflammation in asthmatics under chronic stress. This relationship may be mediated by interactions between the insula and anterior cingulate cortex, that determine the salience of environmental cues, as well as descending regulatory influence of inflammatory pathways in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Rosenkranz
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging & Behavior and Center for Investigating Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Stephane Esnault
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | - Bradley T. Christian
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Gina Crisafi
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | - Lauren K. Gresham
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging & Behavior and Center for Investigating Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Andrew T. Higgins
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Mollie N. Moore
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W. Johnson St. Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Sarah M. Moore
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1000 Bascom Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Helen Y. Weng
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging & Behavior and Center for Investigating Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA,Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1701 Divisadero St #150, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Rachel H. Salk
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W. Johnson St. Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - William W. Busse
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | - Richard J. Davidson
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging & Behavior and Center for Investigating Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W. Johnson St. Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53719, USA
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18
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Asaduzzaman M, Nadeem A, Arizmendi N, Davidson C, Nichols HL, Abel M, Ionescu LI, Puttagunta L, Thebaud B, Gordon J, DeFea K, Hollenberg MD, Vliagoftis H. Functional inhibition of PAR2 alleviates allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1844-55. [PMID: 26312432 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2 ) is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by trypsin-like serine proteinases. PAR2 activation has been associated with inflammation including allergic airway inflammation. We have also shown that PAR2 activation in the airways leads to allergic sensitization. The exact contribution of PAR2 in the development of eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in sensitized individuals is not clear. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether functional inhibition of PAR2 during allergen challenge of allergic mice would inhibit allergen-induced AHR and inflammation in mouse models of asthma. METHODS Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) or cockroach extract (CE). To investigate the role of PAR2 in the development of AHR and airway inflammation, we administered blocking anti-PAR2 antibodies, or a cell permeable peptide inhibitor of PAR2 signalling, pepducin, i.n. before allergen challenges and then assessed AHR and airway inflammation. RESULTS Administration of anti-PAR2 antibodies significantly inhibited OVA- and CE-induced AHR and airway inflammation. In particular, two anti-PAR2 antibodies, the monoclonal SAM-11 and polyclonal B5, inhibited AHR, airway eosinophilia, the increase of cytokines in the lung tissue and antigen-specific T cell proliferation, but had no effect on antigen-specific IgG and IgE levels. Pepducin was also effective in inhibiting AHR and airway inflammation in an OVA model of allergic airway inflammation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Functional blockade of PAR2 in the airways during allergen challenge improves allergen-induced AHR and inflammation in mice. Therefore, topical PAR2 blockade in the airways, through anti-PAR2 antibodies or molecules that interrupt PAR2 signalling, has the potential to be used as a therapeutic option in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asaduzzaman
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A Nadeem
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - N Arizmendi
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Davidson
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - H L Nichols
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - M Abel
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L I Ionescu
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L Puttagunta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - B Thebaud
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Gordon
- Immunology Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - K DeFea
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - M D Hollenberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - H Vliagoftis
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Ritz T, Kullowatz A, Bill MN, Rosenfield D. Daily life negative mood and exhaled nitric oxide in asthma. Biol Psychol 2016; 118:176-183. [PMID: 27283368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial stress and negative affect have been linked to asthma exacerbations, but longitudinal studies demonstrating a daily life association between negative affect and airway nitric oxide are missing. OBJECTIVE The longitudinal association between negative mood fluctuations, exhaled nitric oxide, and lung function in asthma was examined. METHODS Self-assessments of the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), spirometry (forced expiratory volume in the first second, FEV1), negative mood, and daily activities were obtained from 20 patients with asthma for 2 months, resulting in 1108 assessments for the analyses (approximately 55 per patient). Concurrent and prospective associations between FeNO, FEV1, and negative mood were analyzed using mixed effects regression models for longitudinal data. RESULTS Negative mood was positively associated with changes in FeNO during the same day, and to a stronger extent when prior day negative mood was included in the prediction. FeNO and negative mood were positively associated with same-day FEV1, with the latter relation being partially mediated by changes in FeNO. Associations between FeNO and FEV1 were stronger in younger patients, with earlier onset of asthma, or with lower asthma control. Findings were not changed when controlling for physical activity, medication, cold symptoms, air pollution, and hours spent outside. CONCLUSION Daily life changes of negative mood in asthma are positively associated with FeNO changes and FeNO increases are associated with a mild bronchodilation. These findings indicate that psychological influences need to be considered when using FeNO as indicator of airway inflammation and guide for treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ritz
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.
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20
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Zheng J, Wang L, Zhang HP, Wang L, Wang G. Co-morbid psychological dysfunction is associated with a higher risk of asthma exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:1257-68. [PMID: 27293845 PMCID: PMC4886028 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.04.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The longitudinal associations between psychological dysfunction (PD) and asthma exacerbations (AE) have not been adequately addressed. This study aimed to systematically assess the influence of PD on AE, and to determine whether different PD affects AE differentially. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Embase, and Ovid) were searched for prospective cohort studies on the influence of PD on AE in individuals with asthma. Relative risk (RR) and adjusted RR (RRadj) were pooled across studies. Subgroup analyses assessed the effects of different types of PD and the time-dependent response to the duration of PD exposure. RESULTS Ten articles that involved 31,432 adults with asthma with follow-up of 6.0-86.4 months were included. PD significantly increased the risk of AE [RRadj =1.06, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.04-1.09, P<0.001], presenting as hospitalizations (RRadj =1.22, 95% CI: 1.12-1.34, P<0.001), unscheduled doctor visits (RR =4.26, 95% CI: 2.52-7.19), and emergency department (ED) visits (RRadj =1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.10, P=0.009) because of asthma. Depression significantly increased the risk of AE (RRadj =1.07, 95% CI: 1.04-1.11, P<0.001), presenting as hospitalizations (RRadj =1.26, 95% CI: 1.07-1.49, P=0.007) and ED visits (RRadj =1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.11, P=0.007) because of asthma. Anxiety was only associated with an increased risk of AE in pregnant women (RR =1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.08), possibly due to the small amount of data available on anxiety. The influence of PD on AE was only significant when the PD exposure time exceeded one year. CONCLUSIONS Co-morbid PD adversely affects AE, and there are differential effects of depression and anxiety. Asthmatic subjects with PD may benefit from more attention when establishing a treatment regimen in clinical practice.
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21
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Choi GS, Shin YS, Kim JH, Choi SY, Lee SK, Nam YH, Lee YM, Park HS. Prevalence and risk factors for depression in Korean adult patients with asthma: is there a difference between elderly and non-elderly patients? J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:1626-31. [PMID: 25469061 PMCID: PMC4248582 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.12.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is an important comorbidity of asthma. However, little information is available about depression and its potential impact on asthma control in Korean adult asthma patients. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for depression in Korean adults with persistent asthma. The 127 non-elderly (20-64 yr) and 75 elderly (≥65 yr) patients with asthma were recruited. Demographic and clinical data were extracted, and the patients completed the Asthma Specific Quality of Life (AQOL) questionnaire and asthma control test (ACT). Depression status was defined using the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Depression was more prevalent in non-elderly (18.9%) than in elderly patients with asthma (13.3%). Patients with depression were significantly younger, had lower economic status, shorter disease duration, poorer asthma control, and worse AQOL scores (P<0.05). Within the non-elderly group, younger age and shorter disease duration were significantly associated with depression (P<0.05). Within the elderly group, a higher body mass index and current smoking status were significantly associated with depression (P<0.05). The PHQ-9 score was significantly correlated with worse ACT and AQOL scores in both groups. In conclusion, depression is strongly associated with poor asthma control and quality of life in Korean adult asthma patients. Our results provide important clues that used to target modifiable factors which contribute to development of depression in asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil-Soon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Seon Yoon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Soo-Keol Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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22
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Increases in exhaled nitric oxide after acute stress: association with measures of negative affect and depressive mood. Psychosom Med 2014; 76:716-25. [PMID: 25353641 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) have been observed after acute laboratory stress, which could indicate a strengthening of immune defenses in acute stress because of the quick onset of the response and the role of nitric oxide in airway-protective functions. In addition, because sustained psychological distress and depression are known to deteriorate immune defenses systems, they may dampen the FeNO response to acute stress. METHODS FeNO and negative affect were measured before and after a speech and mental arithmetic stressor. We examined the association of stress-induced FeNO changes with momentary negative affect and questionnaires of perceived stress, anxious mood, and depressive mood in 39 asthma patients and 41 healthy controls. RESULTS FeNO increased from baseline to stress in participants with asthma (from 3.38 [0.102] to 3.46 [0.103] ln(ppb)) and controls (2.86 [0.098] to 2.92 [0.099]; F(4,141) = 3.26, p = .014), but the magnitude of the FeNO response did not differ between groups (F < 1). Only low levels of depressive mood were associated with FeNO increases after stress (most pronounced at 0 minute poststress; t(76) = 3.87, p < .001). In contrast, only higher perceived stress was associated with FeNO increases (most pronounced at 0 minute poststress; t(75) = 4.09, p < .001), and momentary negative affect was associated with higher FeNO throughout assessments (β = 0.08, t(114) = 8.27, p = .005). Associations of FeNO with psychological variables were largely unrelated to asthma status and inhaled corticosteroid use. CONCLUSIONS Depressive mood is associated with a reduced mobilization of airway nitric oxide in acute stress, whereas other indicators of negative affect are positively associated with overall FeNO levels and reactivity.
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Hamasato EK, de Lima APN, de Oliveira APL, dos Santos Franco AL, de Lima WT, Palermo-Neto J. Cohabitation with a sick partner increases allergic lung inflammatory response in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 42:109-17. [PMID: 24929194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional relationship between the nervous system and the immune system is relevant for homeostatic organism maintenance. Studies from our laboratory showed that 14days of cohabitation with a sick partner (injected with Ehrlich tumor cells-TAE) produced behavioral, neurochemical, endocrinological and immunological changes. This study analyzes the effects of cohabitation with an Ehrlich tumor-bearing animal on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced lung inflammatory response in mice. Pairs of male mice were divided into three groups: naïve, control and experimental. Animals of the naïve group were kept undisturbed being used for the assessment of basal parameters. One animal of each experimental and control pair of mice was immunized with OVA. On ED(0), these OVA-immunized animals received an OVA booster. At this day (D(0)) the experimental mice that were kept undisturbed were inoculated with 5×10(6) Ehrlich tumor cells; their immunized cage-mates were then referred as to CSP ("companion of sick partner"). The undisturbed mice of each control pair were i.p. treated on D(0) with 0.9% NaCl; their sensitized cage-mates were subsequently referred as CHP ("companion of health partner"). The OVA challenge was performed on CSP and CHP mice on ED(12) and ED(13); blood and tissue collection were performed on ED(14). Fourteen days after cohabitation, in comparison to the CHP mice, the CSP mice displayed the following: (1) an increased number of eosinophils and neutrophils in the BAL, (2) a decreased bone marrow cell count, (3) increased levels of IL-4 and IL-5 and decreased levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ in the BAL supernatant, (5) increased levels of IgG1-OVA, decreased levels of IgG2a-OVA and no changes in OVA-specific IgE in the peripheral blood, (6) increased expression of L-selectin in the BAL granulocytes, (7) decreased tracheal reactivity to methacholine measured in vitro, (8) no changes in plasma corticosterone levels and (9) increased levels of plasmatic noradrenaline. These results suggest that allergic lung inflammatory response exacerbation in CSP mice is a consequence of the psychological stress induced by forced cohabitation with the sick partner. Strong involvement of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) through adrenaline and noradrenaline release and a shift of the Th1/Th2 cytokine profile toward a Th2 response were considered to be the mechanisms underlying the cell recruitment to the animal's airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Kenji Hamasato
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Nascimento de Lima
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ligeiro de Oliveira
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lino dos Santos Franco
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Palermo-Neto
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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24
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Chen CC, Lin SC, Young MS, Yang CL. Accumulated mental stress study using the meridians of traditional Chinese medicine with photoplethysmography. J Altern Complement Med 2014; 20:860-7. [PMID: 25317774 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2013.0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate accumulated mental stress according to the concept of the meridians of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). This stress was quantified by using pulse spectrum analysis of finger-tip photoplethysmography (PPG). Stress accumulation is one of the main causes of cardiovascular disease and depression in humans, resulting in chronic physiologic malfunctions; however, few studies have thoroughly assessed the quantitative evaluation of accumulative stress using the concept of TCM. DESIGN This study investigated accumulated mental stress from the perspective of TCM based on an 8-day experiment. The theory of organ resonance was integrated into the proposed PPG sensing instrument to capture the nine harmonics of TCM. Participants were given daily mental arithmetic tasks over 1 week to simulate stress accumulation, and trends in the proportion of the nine harmonics of TCM were extracted over several days and analyzed to identify the affective factors related to cumulative stress. RESULTS The experimental results showed that the kidney harmonic proportion (C2) and stomach harmonic proportion (C5) were significant only on the first few days because of a physiologic phenomenon of temporary stimulation. Most important, the trend of the liver harmonic proportion (C1) from days 3 to 8 dramatically increased and became gradually saturated because of the influence of accumulated mental stress. CONCLUSIONS The results strongly suggest that pulse spectrum analysis of the PPG signal provides physiologically and pathologically important information on accumulated mental stress and can be useful for TCM analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chun Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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25
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Chen CC, Lin SC, Young MS, Yang CL. QUANTIFYING THE ACCUMULATED STRESS LEVEL USING A POINT-OF-CARE TEST DEVICE. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: APPLICATIONS, BASIS AND COMMUNICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.4015/s1016237214500537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study developed a portable embedded multi-sensor fusion for point-of-care health monitoring to evaluate the accumulated stress levels of affected people. The instrument integrates numerous physiological parameters to quantify the level of accumulated stress, which is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease. The participants in this study were assigned daily mental arithmetic tasks over one week to simulate stress-accumulation conditions. Fuzzy logic rules were defined to quantify the accumulated stress level by combining electrodermal activity (EDA) and electrocardiograph (ECG) and photoplethysmograph (PPG) signals. The trends of 21 physiological parameters were analyzed and compared, from which the following four physiological parameters were identified as being representative of the effective response to cumulative stress: (1) the heart rate, (2) the ratio of low- to high-frequency powers for heart rate variability (HRV), (3) the skin conductance level (SCL) and (4) the liver harmonic proportion (i.e. the first harmonic of the peripheral blood volume pulse spectrum). Subsequently, the observed trends of these four parameters were combined to enhance the robustness and the reliability of the proposed system by adjusting the applied fuzzy logic rules. The experimental results show an 82% correlation between the measured level of accumulated stress and the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS) obtained from subject-independent testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chun Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shing Young
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lung Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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26
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Shin YS, Liu JN, Kim JH, Nam YH, Choi GS, Park HS. The impact of asthma control on salivary cortisol level in adult asthmatics. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014; 6:463-6. [PMID: 25229005 PMCID: PMC4161689 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.5.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease causing psychological stress which leads to the activation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. The purpose of this study is to compare morning salivary cortisol levels in persistent asthma patients according to their disease severities and control status. Total 206 adult asthma patients were recruited from four university hospitals. Spirometry, questionnaire of Asthma Quality of Life (AQOL) and Asthma Control Test (ACT) were completed, and saliva samples were collected prospectively to measure morning cortisol level. The mean patient age was 56.5±15.3 years with mean asthma duration of 9.1±11.1 years. Sixty five patents (31.6%) were classified as mild persistent asthma, and 141 patients (68.4%) were classified as moderate persistent asthma according to the Expert Panel Report 3. The mean predicted FEV1 was 88.8%±18.4%, and the methacholine PC20 was 9.6±8.5 mg/mL in all study population. The mean ACT score for all patients was 19.9±3.6, and there were 71 (34.5%) patients in poorly controlled and 135 (65.5%) in well controlled asthma. The poorly controlled asthma patients were characterized by significantly lower FEV1 (84.6%±17.6% vs 91.1%±18.5%, P=0.018), lower AQOL scores (46.0±13.9 vs 73.8±26.3, P<0.001), and lower salivary cortisol levels (0.14±0.08 vs 0.18±0.11 µg/dL, P=0.04) compared to well controlled asthma. The ACT score was significantly related to salivary cortisol levels (P=0.034) after adjusting for age. There was no significant difference in salivary cortisol levels (0.17±0.12 vs 0.16±0.08, P=0.725) when analyzed according to the dose of used corticosteroid and lung function. Asthma control status affects morning salivary cortisol level. Measuring the morning salivary cortisol level might be a simple and new way to assess asthma control status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jing Nan Liu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Gil Soon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Lim R, Fedulov AV, Kobzik L. Maternal stress during pregnancy increases neonatal allergy susceptibility: role of glucocorticoids. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L141-8. [PMID: 24838749 PMCID: PMC4101791 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00250.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to test experimentally whether maternal stress can promote susceptibility to development of asthma-like allergic airways disease in offspring. Normal pregnant mice (day 15) were subjected to a single restraint stress exposure. We subsequently tested their offspring for the development of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and allergic airway inflammation (AI), after an intentionally suboptimal sensitization protocol. The offspring of stressed mothers showed levels of AI and enhanced airway responses to methacholine comparable to those seen in fully sensitized and challenged positive control animals; in contrast, minimal effects were seen in control offspring. Restraint stress caused a rapid and large increase in plasma corticosterone levels. Maternal treatment with dexamethasone on day 15 of pregnancy mimicked the stress effect and reproduced the AI and AHR outcomes, whereas blockade of the stress-induced corticosterone surge with metyrapone pretreatment of pregnant mice abrogated the effect. We conclude that stress-triggered glucocorticoids during pregnancy can increase susceptibility to allergy in offspring. Because inflammation typically includes a stress hormone response, the results also suggest a common pathway by which various injurious exposures during pregnancy might increase offspring susceptibility to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lim
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexey V Fedulov
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Clark AJ, Strandberg-Larsen K, Masters Pedersen JL, Lange P, Prescott E, Rod NH. Psychosocial risk factors for hospitalisation and death from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study. COPD 2014; 12:190-8. [PMID: 24960441 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2014.922175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Only a few smaller studies have addressed the effect of psychosocial factors on risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in spite of the potential for psychosocial stress to affect development of the disease through immunological and behavioural pathways. The aim of this study is to determine the relation between various psychosocial risk factors, individually and accumulated, and COPD hospitalisation and deaths. A total of 8728 women and men free of asthma and COPD participating in the Copenhagen City Heart Study, were asked comprehensive questions on major life events, work-related stress, social network, vital exhaustion, economic hardship, and sleep medication in 1991-1993 and followed in nationwide registers until 2009, with <2% loss to follow-up. During follow-up, 461 women and 352 men were hospitalized with or died from COPD. Major life events in adult life and vital exhaustion were both associated with a higher risk of COPD in an exposure-dependent manner, with high vital exhaustion being associated with a hazard ratio [HR] of 2.31 (95% CI 1.69-3.16) for women and 2.48 (1.69-3.64) for men. A higher risk of COPD was also found in participants who experienced economic hardship or had a dysfunctional social network. Furthermore, the accumulation of psychosocial risk factors was associated with a higher risk of COPD in both women (HR = 2.40, 1.78-3.22) and men (HR = 1.93, 1.33-2.80). Psychosocial vulnerability may be important to consider both in clinical practice and when planning future preventive strategies against COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J Clark
- 1Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Vliagoftis H. Psychological stress and asthma: a new enemy within. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 164:109-11. [PMID: 24943960 DOI: 10.1159/000363447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harissios Vliagoftis
- Pulmonary Research Group and Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada
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30
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Okuyama K, Dobashi K, Miyasaka T, Yamazaki N, Kikuchi T, Sora I, Takayanagi M, Kita H, Ohno I. The involvement of glucocorticoids in psychological stress-induced exacerbations of experimental allergic asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 163:297-306. [PMID: 24776388 DOI: 10.1159/000360577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress is associated with the aggravation of asthma symptoms. Glucocorticoids (GC), which are stress hormones released upon exposure to stress, have the potential to shift immune responses towards a predominant Th2 response by priming antigen-presenting cells to produce lower levels of IL-12 as well as reducing the development of regulatory T cells. However, the involvement of GC in psychological stress-induced exacerbations of allergic asthma has not yet been clarified. METHODS Sensitized mice were exposed to restraint stress followed by forced swimming stress, during which a GC receptor antagonist or a GC synthesis inhibitor was administered, and then antigen was inhaled. Corticosterone levels in the blood were measured in stressed and nonstressed mice. After antigen inhalation, the airway responses to aerosolized methacholine, epithelial mucus secretion and airway inflammation were evaluated, and the IL-13 contents in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured. RESULTS The exposure to stress significantly increased corticosterone levels. Allergic airway responses and the increase of IL-13 contents evoked by antigen inhalation were significantly higher in stressed mice than in nonstressed mice. The administration of a GC receptor antagonist and a GC synthesis inhibitor during stress exposure significantly reduced the exacerbation of the airway responses and the increase of IL-13 contents in stressed mice challenged with antigen. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the increased release of GC upon exposure to stress has a priming effect on the aggravation of allergic airway responses following the exposure, suggesting a pathophysiological role for the neuroendocrine axis in linking psychological stress to asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Okuyama
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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Ritz T, Trueba AF. Airway nitric oxide and psychological processes in asthma and health: a review. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 112:302-8. [PMID: 24428973 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been widely used as a marker of airway inflammation in asthma in recent years. However, NO serves multiple functions throughout the organism, and various influences on FeNO levels beyond inflammation have been documented. Emerging literature indicates that psychological processes are systematically linked to FeNO. DATA SOURCES Academic Search Complete, PubMed, PsychArticles, and PsychInfo databases. STUDY SELECTIONS Relevant studies were identified using keywords exhaled nitric oxide paired with psychological stress, stress psychology, emotion, major depression, anxiety, or psychopathology. Studies measuring FeNO during naturalistic observation of emotion and stress, laboratory stress and emotion-induction protocols, and correlational designs using psychological questionnaires were included. RESULTS Acute stress, anxiety, and negative affect have been repeatedly linked with higher FeNO levels, whereas more prolonged states of stress, in particular depression, have been associated with lower FeNO levels. The literature on FeNO is paralleled by research on NO in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, which also shows systematic associations with psychosocial variables. Potential mechanisms of association include stimulation of NO release from different cells, including the epithelia and macrophages, through noradrenaline, interferon-γ, or vascular endothelial growth factor, changes in oxidative stress or arginase levels, or facilitation of diffusion by mechanical factors. CONCLUSION Psychosocial factors may need to be considered in the interpretation of longitudinal FeNO changes in monitoring and management of patients with asthma. The distinction between constitutive and inducible sources of NO will be essential for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ritz
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas.
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Increased resistance of immobilized-stressed mice to infection: correlation with behavioral alterations. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 28:115-27. [PMID: 23142705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilization is an easy and convenient method to induce both psychological and physical stress resulting in restricted motility and aggression and is believed to be the most severe type of stress in rodent models. Although it has been generally accepted that chronic stress often results in immunosuppression while acute stress has been shown to enhance immune responses, the effects of IS on the host resistance to Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection and associated behavioral changes are still not clear. In a series of experiments aimed at determining the level of hypothalamic COX-2, HSP-90, HSP-70, SOD-1 and plasma level of corticosterone, cytokine, antibody titer and their association with behavioral activities, mice were infected with viable E. coli during acute and chronic IS by taping their paws. In this study we show that acute and chronic IS enhances the resistance of mice to E. coli infection via inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and by improving the exploratory behavior. Altogether, our findings support the notion that cytokines released during immune activation and under the influence of corticosterone can modulate the open field behavior both in terms of locomotor activity as well as exploration. One of the features observed with chronic stressor was a lower ability to resist bacterial infection, although in case of acute stress, a better clearance of bacterial infection was observed in vivo with improvement of exploratory behavior and cognitive functions.
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Ritz T. Airway responsiveness to psychological processes in asthma and health. Front Physiol 2012; 3:343. [PMID: 22973233 PMCID: PMC3433706 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial factors have been found to impact airway pathophysiology in respiratory disease with considerable consistency. Influences on airway mechanics have been studied particularly well. The goal of this article is to review the literature on airway responses to psychological stimulation, discuss potential pathways of influence, and present a well-established emotion-induction paradigm to study airway obstruction elicited by unpleasant stimuli. Observational studies have found systematic associations between lung function and daily mood changes. The laboratory-based paradigm of bronchoconstrictive suggestion has been used successfully to elicit airway obstruction in a substantial proportion of asthmatic individuals. Other studies have demonstrated modulation of airway responses to standard airway challenges with exercise, allergens, or pharmacological agents by psychological factors. Standardized emotion-induction techniques have consistently shown airway constriction during unpleasant stimulation, with surgery, blood, and injury stimuli being particularly powerful. Findings with various forms of stress induction have been more mixed. A number of methodological factors may account for variability across studies, such as choice of measurement technique, temporal association between stimulation and measurement, and the specific quality and intensity of the stimulus material, in particular the extent of implied action-orientation. Research has also begun to elucidate physiological processes associated with psychologically induced airway responses, with vagal excitation and ventilatory influences being the most likely candidate pathways, whereas the role of specific central nervous system pathways and inflammatory processes has been less studied. The technique of emotion-induction using films has the potential to become a standardized challenge paradigm for the further exploration of airway hyperresponsiveness mediated by central nervous system processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ritz
- Southern Methodist University Dallas, TX, USA
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Reis FG, Marques RH, Starling CM, Almeida-Reis R, Vieira RP, Cabido CT, Silva LFF, Lanças T, Dolhnikoff M, Martins MA, Leick-Maldonado EA, Prado CM, Tibério IFLC. Stress amplifies lung tissue mechanics, inflammation and oxidative stress induced by chronic inflammation. Exp Lung Res 2012; 38:344-54. [PMID: 22809390 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2012.704484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Effect of oral feeding with Clostridium leptum on regulatory T-cell responses and allergic airway inflammation in mice. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2012; 109:201-7. [PMID: 22920076 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic lung inflammation is mediated by allergen-specific T responses, which are negatively regulated by regulatory T cells (Tregs). Previous studies have reported that inoculation of indigenous Clostridium species in the early lives of mice can induce Tregs that colonize the colon. However, whether inoculation of C leptum alone in adult mice could induce systemic Treg responses and inhibit allergic airway inflammation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of oral administration of C leptum on systemic Treg responses and allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. METHODS Adult BABL/c mice were injected with ovalbumin to induce asthma and treated orally with C leptum or vehicle daily for 2 weeks. The numbers of Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs in both the spleen and mediastinal lymph nodes were examined by flow cytometry. After allergen challenge, the airway hyperresponsiveness of individual mice was measured, and the numbers of inflammatory infiltrates and the levels of cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids ere determined. RESULTS Oral feeding with C leptum increased the percentage and total number of Tregs in the spleens and mediastinal lymph nodes at 14 days after inoculation and attenuated allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production but enhancing interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β1 production in the lungs. CONCLUSION Oral treatment with C leptum can attenuate induced allergic airway inflammation in adult mice.
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Leick EA, Reis FG, Honorio-Neves FA, Almeida-Reis R, Prado CM, Martins MA, Tibério IFLC. Effects of repeated stress on distal airway inflammation, remodeling and mechanics in an animal model of chronic airway inflammation. Neuroimmunomodulation 2012; 19:1-9. [PMID: 22067616 DOI: 10.1159/000324686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Epidemiological studies suggest that stress has an impact on asthmatic exacerbations. We evaluated if repeated stress, induced by forced swimming, modulates lung mechanics, distal airway inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling in guinea pigs with chronic allergic inflammation. METHODS Guinea pigs were submitted to 7 ovalbumin or saline aerosols (1-5 mg/ml during 4 weeks; OVA and SAL groups). Twenty-four hours after the 4th inhalation, guinea pigs were submitted to the stress protocol 5 times a week during 2 weeks (SAL-S and OVA-S groups). Seventy-two hours after the 7th inhalation, guinea pigs were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Resistance and elastance of the respiratory system were obtained at baseline and after ovalbumin challenge. Lungs were removed, and inflammatory and extracellular matrix remodeling of distal airways was assessed by morphometry. Adrenals were removed and weighed. RESULTS The relative adrenal weight was greater in stressed guinea pigs compared to non-stressed animals (p < 0.001). Repeated stress increased the percent elastance of the respiratory system after antigen challenge and eosinophils and lymphocytes in the OVA-S compared to the OVA group (p < 0.001, p = 0.003 and p < 0.001). Neither collagen nor elastic fiber contents were modified by stress in sensitized animals. CONCLUSIONS In this animal model, repeated stress amplified bronchoconstriction and inflammatory response in distal airways without interfering with extracellular matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna A Leick
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marques RH, Reis FG, Starling CM, Cabido C, de Almeida-Reis R, Dohlnikoff M, Prado CM, Leick EA, Martins MA, Tibério IFLC. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition attenuates physical stress-induced lung hyper-responsiveness and oxidative stress in animals with lung inflammation. Neuroimmunomodulation 2012; 19:158-70. [PMID: 22262048 DOI: 10.1159/000331264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms involved in stress-induced asthmatic alterations have been poorly characterised. We assessed whether inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibition modulates the stress-amplified lung parenchyma responsiveness, oxidative stress and extracellular matrix remodelling that was previously increased by chronic lung inflammation. Guinea pigs were subjected to 7 exposures to ovalbumin (1-5 mg/ml) or saline (OVA and SAL groups) over 4 weeks. To induce behavioural stress, animals were subjected to a forced swimming protocol (5 times/week, over 2 weeks; SAL-Stress and OVA-Stress groups) 24 h after the 4th inhalation. 1400W (iNOS-specific inhibitor) was administered intraperitoneally in the last 4 days of the protocol (SAL-1400W, OVA-1400W, SAL-Stress+1400W and OVA-Stress+1400W groups). Seventy-two hours after the last inhalation, animals were anaesthetised and exsanguinated, and adrenal glands were removed. Lung tissue resistance and elastance were evaluated by oscillatory mechanics and submitted for histopathological evaluation. Stressed animals had higher adrenal weights compared to non-stressed groups, which were reduced by 1400W treatment. Behavioural stress in sensitised animals amplified the resistance and elastance responses after antigen challenge, numbers of eosinophils and iNOS+ cells, actin content and 8-iso-PGF2α density in the distal lung compared to the OVA group. 1400W treatment in ovalbumin-exposed and stressed animals reduced lung mechanics, iNOS+ cell numbers and 8-iso-PGF2α density compared to sensitised and stressed animals that received vehicle treatment. We concluded that stress amplifies the distal lung constriction, eosinophilic inflammation, iNOS expression, actin content and oxidative stress previously induced by chronic lung inflammation. iNOS-derived NO contributes to stress-augmented lung tissue functional alterations in this animal model and is at least partially due to activation of the oxidative stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Henrique Marques
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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38
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Arizmendi NG, Abel M, Puttagunta L, Asaduzzaman M, Davidson C, Karimi K, Forsythe P, Vliagoftis H. Mucosal exposure to cockroach extract induces allergic sensitization and allergic airway inflammation. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2011; 7:22. [PMID: 22168152 PMCID: PMC3264496 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic sensitization to aeroallergens develops in response to mucosal exposure to these allergens. Allergic sensitization may lead to the development of asthma, which is characterized by chronic airway inflammation. The objective of this study is to describe in detail a model of mucosal exposure to cockroach allergens in the absence of an exogenous adjuvant. Methods Cockroach extract (CE) was administered to mice intranasally (i.n.) daily for 5 days, and 5 days later mice were challenged with CE for 4 consecutive days. A second group received CE i.n. for 3 weeks. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was assessed 24 h after the last allergen exposure. Allergic airway inflammation was assessed by BAL and lung histology 48 h after the last allergen exposure. Antigen-specific antibodies were assessed in serum. Lungs were excised from mice from measurement of cytokines and chemokines in whole lung lysate. Results Mucosal exposure of Balb/c mice to cockroach extract induced airway eosinophilic inflammation, AHR and cockroach-specific IgG1; however, AHR to methacholine was absent in the long term group. Lung histology showed patchy, multicentric damage with inflammatory infiltrates at the airways in both groups. Lungs from mice from the short term group showed increased IL-4, CCL11, CXCL1 and CCL2 protein levels. IL4 and CXCL1 were also increased in the BAL of cockroach-sensitized mice in the short-term protocol. Conclusions Mucosal exposure to cockroach extract in the absence of adjuvant induces allergic airway sensitization characterized by AHR, the presence of Th2 cytokines in the lung and eosinophils in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcy G Arizmendi
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.
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39
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Trueba AF, Mizrachi D, Auchus RJ, Vogel PD, Ritz T. Effects of psychosocial stress on the pattern of salivary protein release. Physiol Behav 2011; 105:841-9. [PMID: 22056539 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that acute stress can increase the release of immune-relevant proteins in saliva. However, no attempts have been made to examine a wider range of salivary proteins in response to stress. In this study, we identified and quantified changes in the pattern of salivary protein release in a 45 min time period following the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in 12 asthmatic and 13 healthy participants. Proteins were separated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The relative protein amounts were quantified using the Image J software (NIH), and identified and characterized using mass spectroscopy. Negative affect was increased immediately after stress in both groups. The results showed that alpha amylase, cystatin S and light chain IgA were increased after the TSST and significant increases in glutathione S-transferase and prolactin inducible protein were also observed. Asthma patients showed responses similar to healthy controls, but had a tendency toward overall lower alpha amylase levels. Our findings suggest that a variety of proteins relevant to mucosal immunity are elevated following acute psychosocial stress, including glutathione S-transferase and prolactin inducible protein, which had not been characterized in this context before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Trueba
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, 6116 N. Central Expressway, Dallas, TX 75206, USA.
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40
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Repeated short-term stress synergizes the ROS signalling through up regulation of NFkB and iNOS expression induced due to combined exposure of trichloroethylene and UVB rays. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 360:133-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lee K, Kim SH, Yoon HJ, Paik DJ, Kim JM, Youn J. Bacillus-derived poly-γ-glutamic acid attenuates allergic airway inflammation through a Toll-like receptor-4-dependent pathway in a murine model of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1143-56. [PMID: 21672055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways that is mediated by Th2 responses. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is an extracellular polymeric compound that is synthesized by Bacillus cells. Previously, we found that γ-PGA promoted Th1 cell development in a manner dependent on antigen-presenting cells, but inhibited Th2 cell development. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of γ-PGA on dendritic cells (DCs), and its potential for treating Th2-mediated allergic asthma. METHODS Wild-type, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 deficient, and TLR-4-defective mice were used. DCs derived from the bone marrow and extracted from the lung were stimulated with γ-PGA and assayed for the expression of signalling molecules, costimulatory molecules, and cytokines. Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma. They were repeatedly injected intranasally with γ-PGA before and during the challenge period, and inflammation and structural remodelling of the airways were examined. RESULTS γ-PGA selectively signalled conventional DCs to activate NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase, leading to the up-regulation of CD86, CD40, and IL-12, but not IL-10 and IL-6. These effects of γ-PGA were dependent on TLR-4 and independent of TLR-2. Importantly, the intranasal administration of γ-PGA to OVA-sensitized/challenged mice reduced the airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic inflammation such as leucocyte influx, goblet cell hyperplasia, eosinophilia, and Th2 cytokine production. In addition to lowered IgE titres, the treatment of mice with γ-PGA significantly reduced the multiplication and Th2 polarization of mediastinal lymph node T cells upon allergen-specific restimulation. These anti-asthmatic effects of γ-PGA were also abolished in TLR-4-defective mice. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data indicate that γ-PGA activates DCs to favour Th1 cell induction through a TLR-4-dependent pathway and alleviates pathologic symptoms in a Th2-biased asthmatic model. These findings highlight the potential of γ-PGA for the treatment of asthma and other allergic disease in which Th2 polarization plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Wright RJ. Epidemiology of stress and asthma: from constricting communities and fragile families to epigenetics. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2011; 31:19-39. [PMID: 21094921 PMCID: PMC3052958 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiologic frameworks, exemplified through extant research examples, provide insight into the role of stress in the expression of asthma and other allergic disorders. Biologic, psychological, and social processes interact throughout the life course to influence disease expression. Studies exploiting a child development framework focus on critical periods of exposure, including the in utero environment, to examine the influence of stress on disease onset. Early stress effects that alter the normal course of morphogenesis and maturation that affect both structure and function of key organ systems (eg, immune, respiratory) may persist into adult life underscoring the importance of a life course perspective. Other evidence suggests that maternal stress influences programming of integrated physiologic systems in their offspring (eg, neuroendocrine, autonomic, immune function) starting in pregnancy; consequently stress effects may be transgenerational. A multilevel approach that includes an ecological perspective may help to explain heterogeneities in asthma expression across socioeconomic and geographic boundaries that to date remain largely unexplained. Evolving studies incorporating psychological, behavioral, and physiologic correlates of stress more specifically inform underlying mechanisms operating in these critical periods of development. The role of genetics, gene by environment interactions, and epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression have been sparsely examined in epidemiologic studies on stress and asthma although overlapping evidence provides proof of concept for such studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind J Wright
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Arizmendi NG, Abel M, Mihara K, Davidson C, Polley D, Nadeem A, El Mays T, Gilmore BF, Walker B, Gordon JR, Hollenberg MD, Vliagoftis H. Mucosal allergic sensitization to cockroach allergens is dependent on proteinase activity and proteinase-activated receptor-2 activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:3164-72. [PMID: 21270400 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)) activation in the airways leads to allergic sensitization to concomitantly inhaled Ags, thus implicating PAR(2) in the pathogenesis of asthma. Many aeroallergens with proteinase activity activate PAR(2). To study the role of PAR(2) in allergic sensitization to aeroallergens, we developed a murine model of mucosal sensitization to cockroach proteins. We hypothesized that PAR(2) activation in the airways by natural allergens with serine proteinase activity plays an important role in allergic sensitization. Cockroach extract (CE) was administered to BALB/c mice intranasally on five consecutive days (sensitization phase) and a week later for four more days (challenge phase). Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic airway inflammation were assessed after the last challenge. To study the role of PAR(2), mice were exposed intranasally to a receptor-blocking anti-PAR(2) Ab before each administration of CE during the sensitization phase. Mucosal exposure to CE induced eosinophilic airway inflammation, AHR, and cockroach-specific IgG1. Heat-inactivated or soybean trypsin inhibitor-treated CE failed to induce these effects, indicating that proteinase activity plays an important role. The use of an anti-PAR(2) blocking Ab during the sensitization phase completely inhibited airway inflammation and also decreased AHR and the production of cockroach-specific IgG1. PAR(2) activation by CE acts as an adjuvant for allergic sensitization even in the absence of functional TLR4. We conclude that CE induces PAR(2)-dependent allergic airway sensitization in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. PAR(2) activation may be a general mechanism used by aeroallergens to induce allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcy G Arizmendi
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Ritz T, Ayala ES, Trueba AF, Vance CD, Auchus RJ. Acute stress-induced increases in exhaled nitric oxide in asthma and their association with endogenous cortisol. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 183:26-30. [PMID: 20709818 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201005-0691oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE psychosocial stress is known to influence the pathophysiology of asthma. Although stress has been linked to serum markers of inflammatory activity and exaggerated response to allergen challenge in asthma, few studies have examined inflammatory activity in the airways linked to psychosocial stress alone. Furthermore, although studies have demonstrated lower levels or reactivity of endogenous cortisol in asthma, the association with airway inflammatory activity in stress remains unexplored. OBJECTIVES we therefore studied airway inflammation and cortisol response to a standardized laboratory task inducing acute psychosocial stress. METHODS airway inflammation by the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and saliva cortisol were sampled before and up to 45 minutes after experimental challenge with the Trier Social Stress Test in 20 adult patients with asthma and 19 healthy control subjects. Respiratory inductive plethysmography was used to control for changes in ventilatory activity that impact FeNO levels. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS FeNO levels were generally higher in patients with asthma than healthy control subjects and salivary cortisol levels were lower. Increases in cortisol levels were observed after the stress protocol in both groups (P < 0.001). FeNO levels at the time of peak cortisol increase after stress were significantly higher than before stress in both groups (P < 0.05). FeNO increases were independent of changes in ventilation. In patients with asthma, higher cortisol levels and stronger increases in cortisol after stress were significantly associated with smaller increases in FeNO (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS acute psychosocial stress alone increases airway inflammatory markers and this increase is attenuated by stronger stress-related activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ritz
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750442, Dallas, TX 75275-0442, USA.
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Lu Y, Liu M, Shi S, Jiang H, Yang L, Liu X, Zhang Q, Pan F. Effects of stress in early life on immune functions in rats with asthma and the effects of music therapy. J Asthma 2010; 47:526-31. [PMID: 20560827 DOI: 10.3109/02770901003801964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although studies have shown that psychological stress has detrimental effects on bronchial asthma, there are few objective data on whether early-life stress, as early postnatal psychosocial environment, has a long-lasting effect on adult asthma and the potential pathophysiologic mechanism. This study aims to examine the effects on immune function and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses in adult asthmatic rats that experienced stress in early life and the potential ameliorative effects of music therapy on these parameters. METHODS Forty male Wistar rat pups were randomly assigned to the asthma group, the adulthood-stressed asthma group, the childhood-stressed asthma group, the music group, and the control group. Restraint stress and Mozart's Sonata K.448 were applied to ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic rats to establish psychological stress and music therapy models. The levels of serum corticosterone were examined in both childhood after stress and adulthood after OVA challenge. Immune indicators in blood, lung, and brain tissues were measured after the last OVA challenge. RESULTS Stress in both childhood and adulthood resulted in increases in leukocyte and eosinophil numbers and serum interleukin (IL)-4 levels. The adulthood-stressed group demonstrated increased corticosterone levels after challenge, whereas the childhood-stressed group showed increased corticosterone concentration in childhood but decreased level in adulthood. Central IL-1beta exhibited a similar tendency. Music group rats showed reduced serum IL-4 and corticosterone. CONCLUSIONS Stress in childhood and adulthood resulted in different HPA axis responsiveness in the exacerbation of markers of asthma. These data provide the first evidence of the long-term normalizing effects of music on asthmatic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Lu
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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Almeida-Reis R, Toledo AC, Reis FG, Marques RH, Prado CM, Dolhnikoff M, Martins MA, Leick-Maldonado EA, Tibério IFLC. Repeated stress reduces mucociliary clearance in animals with chronic allergic airway inflammation. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2010; 173:79-85. [PMID: 20601216 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated if repeated stress modulates mucociliary clearance and inflammatory responses in airways of guinea pigs (GP) with chronic inflammation. The GP received seven exposures of ovalbumin or saline 0.9%. After 4th inhalation, animals were submitted to repeated forced swim stressor protocol (5x/week/2 weeks). After 7th inhalation, GP were anesthetized. We measured transepithelial potential difference, ciliary beat frequency, mucociliary transport, contact angle, cough transportability and serum cortisol levels. Lungs and adrenals were removed, weighed and analyzed by morphometry. Ovalbumin-exposed animals submitted to repeated stress had a reduction in mucociliary transport, and an increase on serum cortisol, adrenals weight, mucus wettability and adhesivity, positive acid mucus area and IL-4 positive cells in airway compared to non-stressed ovalbumin-exposed animals (p<0.05). There were no effects on eosinophilic recruitment and IL-13 positive cells. Repeated stress reduces mucociliary clearance due to mucus rheological-property alterations, increasing acid mucus and its wettability and adhesivity. These effects seem to be associated with IL-4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Almeida-Reis
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhang SJ, Deng YM, Zhu YL, Dong XW, Jiang JX, Xie QM. Intracerebroventricular injection of leukotriene B4 attenuates antigen-induced asthmatic response via BLT1 receptor stimulating HPA-axis in sensitized rats. Respir Res 2010; 11:39. [PMID: 20403205 PMCID: PMC2865448 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basic and clinical studies suggest that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the neuroendocrine-immnue pathway that functionally regulates the chronic inflammatory disease including asthma. Our previous studies showed corresponding changes of cytokines and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) between brain and lung tissues in antigen-challenged asthmatic rats. Here, we investigated how the increased LTB4 level in brain interacts with HPA axis in regulating antigen-induced asthmatic response in sensitized rats. Methods Ovalbumin-sensitized rats were challenged by inhalation of antigen. Rats received vehicle, LTB4 or U75302 (a selective LTB4 BLT1 receptor inhibitor) was given via intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v) 30 min before challenge. Lung resistance (RL) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) were measured before and after antigen challenge. Inflammatory response in lung tissue was assessed 24 h after challenge. Expression of CRH mRNA and protein in hypothalamus were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western Blot, and plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) were measured using the ELISA kits. Results Antigen challenge decreased pulmonary function and induced airway inflammation, evoked HPA axis response in sensitized rats. Administration of LTB4 via i.c.v markedly attenuated airway contraction and inflammation. Meanwhile, LTB4 via i.c.v markedly increased CORT and ACTH level in plasma before antigen challenge, and followed by further increases in CORT and ACTH levels in plasma after antigen challenge in sensitized rats. Expression of CRH mRNA and protein in hypothalamus were also significantly increased by LTB4 via i.c.v in sensitized rats after antigen challenge. These effect were completely blocked by pre-treatment with BLT1 receptor antagonist U75302 (10 ng), but not by BLT2 antagonist LY255283. Conclusions LTB4 administered via i.c.v down-regulates the airway contraction response and inflammation through activation of the HPA axis via its BLT1 receptor. This study expands our concept of the regulatory role of intracranial inflammatory mediators in inflammatory diseases including asthma. The favourable effects of LTB4 on the HPA axis may help to explain the phenomenon of self-relief after an asthmatic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Juan Zhang
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Food and Drug Administration of China, Medical Science College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Wright RJ. Perinatal stress and early life programming of lung structure and function. Biol Psychol 2010; 84:46-56. [PMID: 20080145 PMCID: PMC2888999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxins during critical periods of prenatal and/or postnatal development may alter the normal course of lung morphogenesis and maturation, potentially resulting in changes that affect both structure and function of the respiratory system. Moreover, these early effects may persist into adult life magnifying the potential public health impact. Aberrant or excessive pro-inflammatory immune responses, occurring both locally and systemically, that result in inflammatory damage to the airway are a central determinant of lung structure-function changes throughout life. Disruption of neuroendocrine function in early development, specifically the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, may alter functional status of the immune system. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) function (sympathovagal imbalance) is another integral component of airway function and immunity in childhood. This overview discusses the evidence linking psychological factors to alterations in these interrelated physiological processes that may, in turn, influence childhood lung function and identifies gaps in our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind J Wright
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02116, USA.
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Chen E, Strunk RC, Bacharier LB, Chan M, Miller GE. Socioeconomic status associated with exhaled nitric oxide responses to acute stress in children with asthma. Brain Behav Immun 2010; 24:444-50. [PMID: 19961922 PMCID: PMC2826564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although psychosocial stress has been linked to clinical asthma outcomes, controlled, laboratory paradigms that test associations between psychosocial stress and markers of airway inflammation in humans are lacking. There is also little known about how individual background characteristics may affect variability across individuals in asthma-relevant inflammatory and pulmonary responses to stress. The goals of this study were to investigate the effects of a laboratory stress paradigm on markers of airway inflammation and pulmonary function in children with asthma, and to determine why some children are more biologically responsive to stress. 38 children physician-diagnosed with asthma, and 23 healthy control children (M age=15 years) engaged in a conflict discussion task with a parent. Pulmonary function (FEV(1)) was measured before and immediately after the task. Airway inflammation (indicated by exhaled nitric oxide, FeNO) was measured before and 45 min after the task (to minimize effects from spirometry). Parents were interviewed about family socioeconomic status (SES: income and occupation). In children with asthma only, there was an inverse association of SES with change in FeNO levels in response to the conflict task, meaning that as SES declined, greater increases in FeNO were observed No changes in FEV(1) were found in response to the conflict task. This study suggests that lower SES children with asthma may be more vulnerable to heightened airway inflammation in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Chen
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychology, Canada.
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Haczku A, Panettieri RA. Social stress and asthma: the role of corticosteroid insensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:550-8. [PMID: 20153032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress alters susceptibility to infectious and systemic illnesses and may enhance airway inflammation in asthma by modulating immune cell function through neural and hormonal pathways. Stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Release of endogenous glucocorticoids, as a consequence, may play a prominent role in altering the airway immune homeostasis. Despite substantial corticosteroid and catecholamine plasma levels, chronic psychosocial stress evokes asthma exacerbations. Animal studies suggest that social stress induces corticosteroid insensitivity that in part may be a result of impaired glucocorticoid receptor expression and/or function. Such mechanisms likely promote and amplify airway inflammation in response to infections, allergen, or irritant exposure. This review discusses evidence of an altered corticosteroid responsive state as a consequence of chronic psychosocial stress. Elucidation of the mechanisms of stress-induced impairment of glucocorticoid responsiveness and immune homeostasis may identify novel therapeutic targets that could improve asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Haczku
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa 19104-3403, USA.
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