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Rice JL, Collaco JM, Tracy MC, Sheils CA, Rhein LM, Popova AP, Moore PE, Miller AN, Manimtim WM, Lai K, Kaslow JA, Hayden LP, Fierro JL, Bansal M, Austin ED, Aoyama B, Alexiou S, Akangire G, Agarwal A, Villafranco N, Siddaiah R, Lagatta JM, Abul MH, Cristea AI, Baker CD, Abman SH, McGrath-Morrow SA. Parental Report of Indoor Air Pollution Is Associated with Respiratory Morbidities in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. J Pediatr 2024; 275:114241. [PMID: 39151604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between indoor air pollution and respiratory morbidities in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) recruited from the multicenter BPD Collaborative. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was performed among participants <3 years old in the BPD Collaborative Outpatient Registry. Indoor air pollution was defined as any reported exposure to tobacco or marijuana smoke, electronic cigarette emissions, gas stoves, and/or wood stoves. Clinical data included acute care use and chronic respiratory symptoms in the past 4 weeks. RESULTS A total of 1011 participants born at a mean gestational age of 26.4 ± 2.2 weeks were included. Most (66.6%) had severe BPD. More than 40% of participants were exposed to ≥1 source of indoor air pollution. The odds of reporting an emergency department visit (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.18-2.45), antibiotic use (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.12-3.21), or a systemic steroid course (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.24-3.84) were significantly higher in participants reporting exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) compared with those without SHS exposure. Participants reporting exposure to air pollution (not including SHS) also had a significantly greater odds (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.08-2.03) of antibiotic use as well. Indoor air pollution exposure (including SHS) was not associated with chronic respiratory symptoms or rescue medication use. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to indoor air pollution, especially SHS, was associated with acute respiratory morbidities, including emergency department visits, antibiotics for respiratory illnesses, and systemic steroid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Rice
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joseph M Collaco
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Michael C Tracy
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Asthma and Sleep Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Catherine A Sheils
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lawrence M Rhein
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine/Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA
| | | | - Paul E Moore
- Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Audrey N Miller
- Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Winston M Manimtim
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy-Kansas City and University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
| | - Khanh Lai
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jacob A Kaslow
- Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Lystra P Hayden
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Julie L Fierro
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Manvi Bansal
- Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Eric D Austin
- Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Brianna Aoyama
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Stamatia Alexiou
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gangaram Akangire
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy-Kansas City and University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
| | - Amit Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Natalie Villafranco
- Pulmonary Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Joanne M Lagatta
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - A Ioana Cristea
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Riley Children's Hospital and Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Christopher D Baker
- Section of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Steven H Abman
- Section of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Sharon A McGrath-Morrow
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Agache I, Canelo-Aybar C, Annesi-Maesano I, Cecchi L, Biagioni B, Chung F, D'Amato G, Damialis A, Del Giacco S, De Las Vecillas L, Dominguez-Ortega J, Galàn C, Gilles S, Giovannini M, Holgate S, Jeebhay M, Nadeau K, Papadopoulos N, Quirce S, Sastre J, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Sousa-Pinto B, Salazar J, Rodríguez-Tanta LY, Cantero Y, Montesinos-Guevara C, Song Y, Alvarado-Gamarra G, Sola I, Alonso-Coello P, Nieto-Gutierrez W, Jutel M, Akdis CA. The impact of indoor pollution on asthma-related outcomes: A systematic review for the EAACI guidelines on environmental science for allergic diseases and asthma. Allergy 2024; 79:1761-1788. [PMID: 38366695 DOI: 10.1111/all.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Systematic review using GRADE of the impact of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), cleaning agents, mould/damp, pesticides on the risk of (i) new-onset asthma (incidence) and (ii) adverse asthma-related outcomes (impact). MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched for indoor pollutant exposure studies reporting on new-onset asthma and critical and important asthma-related outcomes. Ninety four studies were included: 11 for VOCs (7 for incidenceand 4 for impact), 25 for cleaning agents (7 for incidenceand 8 for impact), 48 for damp/mould (26 for incidence and 22 for impact) and 10 for pesticides (8 for incidence and 2 for impact). Exposure to damp/mould increases the risk of new-onset wheeze (moderate certainty evidence). Exposure to cleaning agents may be associated with a higher risk of new-onset asthma and with asthma severity (low level of certainty). Exposure to pesticides and VOCs may increase the risk of new-onset asthma (very low certainty evidence). The impact on asthma-related outcomes of all major indoor pollutants is uncertain. As the level of certainty is low or very low for most of the available evidence on the impact of indoor pollutants on asthma-related outcomes more rigorous research in the field is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Carlos Canelo-Aybar
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Institute Desbrest of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Montpellier and INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- Centre of Bioclimatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Biagioni
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro D'Amato
- Respiratory Disease Department, Hospital Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
- Medical School of Respiratory Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Athanasios Damialis
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Leticia De Las Vecillas
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Dominguez-Ortega
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Galàn
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, International Campus of Excellence on Agrifood (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stephen Holgate
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mohamed Jeebhay
- Occupational Medicine Division and Centre for Environmental & Occupational Health Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Climate, Health, and the Global Environment, Climate and Population Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Second Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Santiago Quirce
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergy Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Faculty of Medicine Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBERES, Instituto Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich -German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jolanta Walusiak-Skorupa
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bernardo Sousa-Pinto
- MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Josefina Salazar
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Yesenia Rodríguez-Tanta
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yahveth Cantero
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camila Montesinos-Guevara
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Yang Song
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Alvarado-Gamarra
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Sola
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Alonso-Coello
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wendy Nieto-Gutierrez
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, and ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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Li W, Long C, Fan T, Anneser E, Chien J, Goodman JE. Gas cooking and respiratory outcomes in children: A systematic review. GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 5:100107. [PMID: 37638371 PMCID: PMC10446006 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The most recent meta-analysis of gas cooking and respiratory outcomes in children was conducted by Lin et al. [93] in 2013. Since then, a number of epidemiology studies have been published on this topic. We conducted the first systematic review of this epidemiology literature that includes an in-depth evaluation of study heterogeneity and study quality, neither of which was systematically evaluated in earlier reviews. We reviewed a total of 66 relevant studies, including those in the Lin et al. [93] meta-analysis. Most of the studies are cross-sectional by design, precluding causal inference. Only a few are cohort studies that could establish temporality and they have largely reported null results. There is large variability across studies in terms of study region, age of children, gas cooking exposure definition, and asthma or wheeze outcome definition, precluding clear interpretations of meta-analysis estimates such as those reported in Lin et al. [93]. Further, our systematic study quality evaluation reveals that a large proportion of the studies to date are subject to multiple sources of bias and inaccuracy, primarily due to self-reported gas cooking exposure or respiratory outcomes, insufficient adjustment for key confounders (e.g., environmental tobacco smoke, family history of asthma or allergies, socioeconomic status or home environment), and unestablished temporality. We conclude that the epidemiology literature is limited by high heterogeneity and low study quality and, therefore, it does not provide sufficient evidence regarding causal relationships between gas cooking or indoor NO2 and asthma or wheeze. We caution against over-interpreting the quantitative evidence synthesis estimates from meta-analyses of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Li
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17 Floor, Boston, MA 02108, United States of America
| | - Christopher Long
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17 Floor, Boston, MA 02108, United States of America
| | - Tongyao Fan
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America
| | - Elyssa Anneser
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17 Floor, Boston, MA 02108, United States of America
| | - Jiayang Chien
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17 Floor, Boston, MA 02108, United States of America
| | - Julie E. Goodman
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17 Floor, Boston, MA 02108, United States of America
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Paulin LM, Samet JM, Rice MB. Gas Stoves and Respiratory Health: Decades of Data, but Not Enough Progress. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:1697-1699. [PMID: 37703392 PMCID: PMC10704234 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202306-533vp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Paulin
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | | | - Mary B. Rice
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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5
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Moore CM, Thornburg J, Secor EA, Hamlington KL, Schiltz AM, Freeman KL, Everman JL, Fingerlin TE, Liu AH, Seibold MA. Breathing zone pollutant levels are associated with asthma exacerbations in high-risk children. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.22.23295971. [PMID: 37790375 PMCID: PMC10543064 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.23295971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Indoor and outdoor air pollution levels are associated with poor asthma outcomes in children. However, few studies have evaluated whether breathing zone pollutant levels associate with asthma outcomes. Objective Determine breathing zone exposure levels of NO 2 , O 3 , total PM 10 and PM 10 constituents among children with exacerbation-prone asthma, and examine correspondence with in-home and community measurements and associations with outcomes. Methods We assessed children's personal breathing zone exposures using wearable monitors. Personal exposures were compared to in-home and community measurements and tested for association with lung function, asthma control, and asthma exacerbations. Results 81 children completed 219 monitoring sessions. Correlations between personal and community levels of PM 10 , NO 2 , and O 3 were poor, whereas personal PM 10 and NO 2 levels correlated with in-home measurements. However, in-home monitoring underdetected brown carbon (Personal:79%, Home:36.8%) and ETS (Personal:83.7%, Home:4.1%) personal exposures, and detected black carbon in participants without these personal exposures (Personal: 26.5%, Home: 96%). Personal exposures were not associated with lung function or asthma control. Children experiencing an asthma exacerbation within 60 days of personal exposure monitoring had 1.98, 2.21 and 2.04 times higher brown carbon (p<0.001), ETS (p=0.007), and endotoxin (p=0.012), respectively. These outcomes were not associated with community or in-home exposure levels. Conclusions Monitoring pollutant levels in the breathing zone is essential to understand how exposures influence asthma outcomes, as agreement between personal and in-home monitors is limited. Inhaled exposure to PM 10 constituents modifies asthma exacerbation risk, suggesting efforts to limit these exposures among high-risk children may decrease their asthma burden. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS In-home and community monitoring of environmental pollutants may underestimate personal exposures. Levels of inhaled exposure to PM 10 constituents appear to strongly influence asthma exacerbation risk. Therefore, efforts should be made to mitigate these exposures. CAPSULE SUMMARY Leveraging wearable, breathing-zone monitors, we show exposures to inhaled pollutants are poorly proxied by in-home and community monitors, among children with exacerbation-prone asthma. Inhaled exposure to multiple PM 10 constituents is associated with asthma exacerbation risk.
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Goel V, Kumar A, Jain S, Singh V, Kumar M. Spatiotemporal variability and health risk assessment of PM 2.5 and NO 2 over the Indo-Gangetic Plain: A three years long study (2019-21). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:976. [PMID: 37477719 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Studying the spatiotemporal variability of pollutants is necessary to identify the pollution hotspots with high health risk and enable the agencies to implement pollution abatement strategies in a targeted manner. Present study reports the spatio-temporal variability and health risk assessment (HRA) of PM2.5 (Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5μm) and NO2 over IGP from 2019-2021. The HRA is expressed as passively smoked cigarettes (PSC) for four different health outcomes i.e., low birth weight (LBW), percentage decreased lung function (DLF) in school aged children, lung cancer (LC), and cardiovascular mortality (CM). The findings confirm very high PM2.5 and NO2 mass concentrations and high health risk over middle IGP and Delhi as compared to upper and lower IGP. Within Delhi, north Delhi region is the most polluted and at highest risk as compared to central and south Delhi. The health risk associated with PM2.5 over IGP is highest for DLF, equivalent to 21.63 PSCs daily, followed by CM (11.69), LBW (8.27) and LC (6.94). For NO2, the health risk is highest for DLF (3.09 PSCs) and CM (2.95), followed by LC (1.47) and LBW (1.04). PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations, along with the associated health risks, are highest during the post-monsoon and winter seasons and lowest during the monsoon season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Goel
- School of interdisciplinary research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Ajit Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Srishti Jain
- Centre for Research into Atmospheric Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, T12K8AF, Ireland
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Mayank Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India.
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Kang I, McCreery A, Azimi P, Gramigna A, Baca G, Hayes W, Crowder T, Scheu R, Evens A, Stephens B. Impacts of residential indoor air quality and environmental risk factors on adult asthma-related health outcomes in Chicago, IL. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:358-367. [PMID: 36450925 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residential environments are known to contribute to asthma. OBJECTIVE To examine the joint impacts of exposures to residential indoor and outdoor air pollutants and housing risk factors on adult asthma-related health outcomes. METHODS We analyzed >1-year of data from 53 participants from 41 homes in the pre-intervention period of the Breathe Easy Project prior to ventilation and filtration retrofits. Health outcomes included surveys of asthma control, health-related quality of life, stress, and healthcare utilizations. Environmental assessments included quarterly measurements of indoor and outdoor pollutants (e.g., HCHO, CO, CO2, NO2, O3, and PM), home walk-throughs, and surveys of environmental risk factors. Indoor pollutant concentrations were also matched with surveys of time spent at home to estimate indoor pollutant exposures. RESULTS Cross-sectional analyses using mixed-effects models indicated that lower annual average asthma control test (ACT) scores were associated (p < 0.05) with higher indoor NO2 (concentration/exposure: β = -2.42/-1.57), indoor temperature (β = -1.03 to -0.94), and mold/dampness (β = -3.09 to -2.41). In longitudinal analysis, lower ACT scores were also associated (p < 0.05) with higher indoor NO2 concentrations (β = -0.29), PM1 (concentration/exposure: β = -0.12/-0.24), PM2.5 (concentration/exposure: β = -0.12/-0.26), and PM10 (concentration/exposure: β = 10.14/-0.28). Emergency department visits were associated with poorer asthma control [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.84; p < 0.001], physical health (IRR = 0.95; p < 0.05), mental health (IRR = 0.95; p < 0.05), higher I/O NO2 ratios (IRR = 1.30; p < 0.05), and higher indoor temperatures (IRR = 1.41; p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Findings suggest that residential risk factors, including indoor air pollution (especially NO2 and particulate matter), higher indoor temperature, and mold/dampness, may contribute to poorer asthma control. IMPACT This study highlights the importance of residential indoor air quality and environmental risk factors for asthma control, health-related quality of life, and emergency department visits for asthma. Two timescales of mixed models suggest that exposure to indoor NO2 and particulate matter, higher indoor temperature, and mold/dampness was associated with poorer asthma control. Additionally, emergency department visits were associated with poorer asthma control and health-related quality of life, as well as higher I/O NO2 ratios and indoor temperatures. These findings deepen our understanding of the interrelationships between housing, air quality, and health, and have important implications for programs and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insung Kang
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Parham Azimi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brent Stephens
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Gent JF, Holford TR, Bracken MB, Plano JM, McKay LA, Sorrentino KM, Koutrakis P, Leaderer BP. Childhood asthma and household exposures to nitrogen dioxide and fine particles: a triple-crossover randomized intervention trial. J Asthma 2023; 60:744-753. [PMID: 35796019 PMCID: PMC10162040 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2093219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Triple-crossover randomized controlled intervention trial to test whether reduced exposure to household NO2 or fine particles results in reduced symptoms among children with persistent asthma. METHODS Children (n = 126) aged 5-11 years with persistent asthma living in homes with gas stoves and levels of NO2 15 ppb or greater recruited in Connecticut and Massachusetts (2015-2019) participated in an intervention involving three air cleaners configured for: (1) NO2 reduction: sham particle filtration and real NO2 scrubbing; (2) particle filtration: HEPA filter and sham NO2 scrubbing; (3) control: sham particle filtration and sham NO2 scrubbing. Air cleaners were randomly assigned for 5-week treatment periods using a three-arm crossover design. Outcome was number of asthma symptom-days during final 14 days of treatment. Treatment effects were assessed using repeated measures, linear mixed models. RESULTS Measured NO2 was lower (by 4 ppb, p < .0001) for NO2-reducing compared to control or particle-reducing treatments. NO2-reducing treatment did not reduce asthma morbidity compared to control. In analysis controlling for measured NO2, there were 1.8 (95% CI -0.3 to 3.9, p = .10) fewer symptom days out of 14 in the particle-reducing treatment compared to control. CONCLUSIONS It remains unknown if using an air cleaner alone can achieve levels of NO2 reduction large enough to observe reductions in asthma symptoms. We observed that in small, urban homes with gas stoves, modest reductions in asthma symptoms occurred using air cleaners that remove fine particles. An intervention targeting exposures to both NO2 and fine particles is complicated and further research is warranted. REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02258893.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneane F Gent
- The Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Theodore R Holford
- The Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael B Bracken
- The Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julie M Plano
- The Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lisa A McKay
- The Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Keli M Sorrentino
- The Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian P Leaderer
- The Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Burbank AJ, Hernandez ML, Jefferson A, Perry TT, Phipatanakul W, Poole J, Matsui EC. Environmental justice and allergic disease: A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Environmental Exposure and Respiratory Health Committee and the Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Committee. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:656-670. [PMID: 36584926 PMCID: PMC9992350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Environmental justice is the concept that all people have the right to live in a healthy environment, to be protected against environmental hazards, and to participate in decisions affecting their communities. Communities of color and low-income populations live, work, and play in environments with disproportionate exposure to hazards associated with allergic disease. This unequal distribution of hazards has contributed to health disparities and is largely the result of systemic racism that promotes segregation of neighborhoods, disinvestment in predominantly racial/ethnic minority neighborhoods, and discriminatory housing, employment, and lending practices. The AAAAI Environmental Exposure and Respiratory Health Committee and Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Committee jointly developed this report to improve allergy/immunology specialists' awareness of environmental injustice, its roots in systemic racism, and its impact on health disparities in allergic disease. We present evidence supporting the relationship between exposure to environmental hazards, particularly at the neighborhood level, and the disproportionately high incidence and poor outcomes from allergic diseases in marginalized populations. Achieving environmental justice requires investment in at-risk communities to increase access to safe housing, clean air and water, employment opportunities, education, nutrition, and health care. Through policies that promote environmental justice, we can achieve greater health equity in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Burbank
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Michelle L Hernandez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Akilah Jefferson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Ark
| | - Tamara T Perry
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Ark
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Jill Poole
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Elizabeth C Matsui
- Departments of Population Health and Pediatrics, Dell Medical School at University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex
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Khreis H, Sanchez KA, Foster M, Burns J, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Jaikumar R, Ramani T, Zietsman J. Urban policy interventions to reduce traffic-related emissions and air pollution: A systematic evidence map. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107805. [PMID: 36780750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban areas are hot spots for human exposure to air pollution, which originates in large part from traffic. As the urban population continues to grow, a greater number of people risk exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and its adverse, costly health effects. In many cities, there is a need and scope for air quality improvements through targeted policy interventions, which continue to grow including rapidly changing technologies. OBJECTIVE This systematic evidence map (SEM) examines and characterizes peer-reviewed evidence on urban-level policy interventions aimed at reducing traffic emissions and/or TRAP from on-road mobile sources, thus potentially reducing human exposures and adverse health effects and producing various co-benefits. METHODS This SEM follows a previously peer-reviewed and published protocol with minor deviations, explicitly outlined here. Articles indexed in Public Affairs Index, TRID, Medline and Embase were searched, limited to English, published between January 1, 2000, and June 1, 2020. Covidence was used to screen articles based on previously developed eligibility criteria. Data for included articles was extracted and manually documented into an Excel database. Data visualizations were created in Tableau. RESULTS We identified 7528 unique articles from database searches and included 376 unique articles in the final SEM. There were 58 unique policy interventions, and a total of 1,139 unique policy scenarios, comprising these interventions and different combinations thereof. The policy interventions fell under 6 overarching policy categories: 1) pricing, 2) land use, 3) infrastructure, 4) behavioral, 5) technology, and 6) management, standards, and services, with the latter being the most studied. For geographic location, 463 policy scenarios were studied in Europe, followed by 355 in Asia, 206 in North America, 57 in South America, 10 in Africa, and 7 in Australia. Alternative fuel technology was the most frequently studied intervention (271 times), followed by vehicle emission regulation (134 times). The least frequently studied interventions were vehicle ownership taxes, and studded tire regulations, studied once each. A mere 3 % of studies addressed all elements of the full-chain-traffic emissions, TRAP, exposures, and health. The evidence recorded for each unique policy scenario is hosted in an open-access, query-able Excel database, and a complementary interactive visualization tool. We showcase how users can find more about the effectiveness of the 1,139 included policy scenarios in reducing, increasing, having mixed or no effect on traffic emissions and/or TRAP. CONCLUSION This is the first peer-reviewed SEM to compile international evidence on urban-level policy interventions to reduce traffic emissions and/or TRAP in the context of human exposure and health effects. We also documented reported enablers, barriers, and co-benefits. The open-access Excel database and interactive visualization tool can be valuable resources for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers. Future updates to this work are recommended. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION Sanchez, K.A., Foster, M., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., May, A.D., Ramani, T., Zietsman, J. and Khreis, H., 2020. Urban policy interventions to reduce traffic emissions and traffic-related air pollution: Protocol for a systematic evidence map. Environment international, 142, p.105826.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Khreis
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Kristen A Sanchez
- Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), TX, USA; Texas A&M School of Public Health, TX, USA.
| | - Margaret Foster
- Texas A&M University, Center for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Jacob Burns
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rohit Jaikumar
- Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), TX, USA.
| | - Tara Ramani
- Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), TX, USA.
| | - Josias Zietsman
- Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), TX, USA.
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Kim T, Cho W, Kim B, Yeom J, Kwon YM, Baik JM, Kim JJ, Shin H. Batch Nanofabrication of Suspended Single 1D Nanoheaters for Ultralow-Power Metal Oxide Semiconductor-Based Gas Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204078. [PMID: 36180411 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The demand for power-efficient micro-and nanodevices is increasing rapidly. In this regard, electrothermal nanowire-based heaters are promising solutions for the ultralow-power devices required in IoT applications. Herein, a method is demonstrated for producing a 1D nanoheater by selectively coating a suspended pyrolyzed carbon nanowire backbone with a thin Au resistive heater layer and utilizing it in a portable gas sensor system. This sophisticated nanostructure is developed without complex nanofabrication and nanoscale alignment processes, owing to the suspended architecture and built-in shadow mask. The suspended carbon nanowires, which are batch-fabricated using carbon-microelectromechanical systems technology, maintain their structural and functional integrity in subsequent nanopatterning processes because of their excellent mechanical robustness. The developed nanoheater is used in gas sensors via user-designable localization of the metal oxide semiconductor nanomaterials onto the central region of the nanoheater at the desired temperature. This allows the sensing site to be uniformly heated, enabling reliable and sensitive gas detection. The 1D nanoheater embedded gas sensor can be heated immediately to 250 °C at a remarkably low power of 1.6 mW, surpassing the performance of state-of-the-art microheater-based gas sensors. The presented technology offers facile 1D nanoheater production and promising pathways for applications in various electrothermal devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Wootaek Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomsang Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyeong Yeom
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Min Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Baik
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Joon Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungjoo Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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Abdul Raheem M, Jimoh G, Abdulrahim H. Assessment of Kitchen Air Pollution: Health Implications for the Residents of Ilorin South, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:7689141. [PMID: 36034622 PMCID: PMC9402372 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7689141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Indoor air quality is essential, so its quality cannot be compromised. Hence, this research assessed indoor gaseous air pollutant concentrations from sources in thirty-three residential kitchens within the 4-zone of Ilorin-South Local Government, Kwara, Nigeria. The work focused on SO2, NO2, and CO emission concentration quantification, determination of the air quality index (AQI), estimation of health assessment risk, and deduced their health implications on the residents. The concentrations of NO2 and SO2 were determined by the Saltzman method using a Gilair-3 air sampler, while the concentration of CO was determined using an MSA Altair-5x multigas detector. Three types of eleven kitchen environments each (kitchens where liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), charcoal, and firewood were used as fuel sources) were considered. The concentrations of NO2, SO2, and CO were higher in kitchens that used charcoal and firewood. The major health risks were deduced in percentages from the questionnaire administered, where headaches had the highest percentage (20.7). The model indicated that the concentrations of the pollutants in the evening, irrespective of the sampling points, were higher than those in the morning. Firewood contributed significantly more than charcoal and LPG (p < 0.05). The results of the health assessment risk showed that the risk estimated for normal exposure to the pollutants in all the households studied revealed a hazard quotient of <1.0 except for SO2 from firewood for infants and children = 1.09. The AQI results showed the worst health conditions for households that used firewood (0.103-4.760 ppm NO2; 0.327-0.647 ppm SO2; and 12.30-57.83 ppm CO). The study concluded that the use of LPG should be preferred as a source of fuel for cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modinah Abdul Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B, 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyat Jimoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B, 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Halimat Abdulrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B, 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
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13
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Banzon TM, Phipatanakul W. Environmental Interventions for Asthma. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 43:720-738. [PMID: 35803266 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure and sensitization to environmental factors play a fundamental role in asthma development and is strongly associated with asthma morbidity. While hereditary factors are critical determinants of asthma, exposures to environmental factors are implicated in the phenotypic expression of asthma and have been strongly associated in the risk of its development. Significant interest has thus been geared toward potentially modifiable environmental exposures which may lead to the development of asthma. Allergen exposure, in particular indoor allergens, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of asthma, and remediation is a primary component of asthma management. In the home, multifaceted and multitargeted environmental control strategies have been shown to reduce home exposures and improve asthma outcomes. In addition to the home environment, assessment of the school, daycare, and workplace environments of patients with asthma is necessary to ensure appropriate environmental control measures in conjunction with medical care. This article will discuss the role of the environment on asthma, review targeted environmental therapy, and examine environmental control measures to suppress environmental exposures in the home and school setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina M Banzon
- Deparmtent of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Immunology, Clinical Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts
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Suhaimi NF, Jalaludin J, Mohd Juhari MA. The impact of traffic-related air pollution on lung function status and respiratory symptoms among children in Klang Valley, Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:535-546. [PMID: 32579034 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1784397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the range of vehicles on traffic roads in the urban area has led to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and is currently becoming the main concern for health, especially among children. The study aimed to determine associations between TRAP and respiratory health, also to identify the main factors that influenced them. A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out among children in high and low traffic areas. Air quality monitoring was conducted in six primary schools. A set of standardized questionnaires was distributed to obtain respondents' exposure history and respiratory health symptoms, while spirometry test was carried out to determine the lung function status. There were associations between TRAP and abnormality of FEV1% among children. NO2 was the main predictor that influenced both chest tightness and abnormality of FEV1%. Children exposed to a high level of traffic-related air pollution have an increased risk of respiratory symptoms and abnormality of lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Faseeha Suhaimi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Juliana Jalaludin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Afif Mohd Juhari
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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15
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Air pollution and lung function in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1-14. [PMID: 34238501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this narrative review, we summarize the literature and provide updates on recent studies of air pollution exposures and child lung function and lung function growth. We include exposures to outdoor air pollutants that are monitored and regulated through air quality standards, and air pollutants that are not routinely monitored or directly regulated, including wildfires, indoor biomass and coal burning, gas and wood stove use, and volatile organic compounds. Included is a more systematic review of the recent literature on long-term air pollution and child lung function because this is an indicator of future adult respiratory health and exposure assessment tools have improved dramatically in recent years. We present "summary observations" and "knowledge gaps." We end by discussing what is known about what can be done at the individual/household, local/regional, and national levels to overcome structural impediments, reduce air pollution exposures, and improve child lung function. We found a large literature on adverse air pollution effects on children's lung function level and growth; however, many questions remain. Important areas needing further research include whether early-life effects are fixed or reversible; and what are windows of increased susceptibility, long-term effects of repeated wildfire events, and effects of air quality interventions.
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Ruran HB, Adamkiewicz G, Cunningham A, Petty CR, Greco KF, Gunnlaugsson S, Stamatiadis N, Sierra G, Vallarino J, Alvarez M, Hayden LP, Sheils CA, Weller E, Phipatanakul W, Gaffin JM. Air quality, Environment and Respiratory Outcomes in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, the AERO-BPD cohort study: design and adaptation during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021; 8:e000915. [PMID: 34193433 PMCID: PMC8249170 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Almost half of all school-age children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have asthma-like symptoms and more suffer from lung function deficits. While air pollution and indoor respiratory irritants are known to affect high-risk populations of children, few studies have objectively evaluated environmental contributions to long-term respiratory morbidity in this population. This study aimed to examine the role of indoor environmental exposures on respiratory morbidity in children with BPD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Air quality, Environment and Respiratory Ouctomes in BPD (AERO-BPD) study is a prospective, single-centre observational study that will enrol a unique cohort of 240 children with BPD and carefully characterise participants and their indoor home environmental exposures. Measures of indoor air quality constituents will assess the relationship of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5), nitric oxide (NO), temperature and humidity, as well as dust concentrations of allergens, with concurrently measured respiratory symptoms and lung function.Adaptations to the research protocol due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic included remote home environment and participant assessments. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Study protocol was approved by the Boston Children's Hospital Committee on Clinical Investigation. Dissemination will be in the form of peer-reviewed publications and participant information products. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04107701.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana B Ruran
- Boston Children's Hospital Division of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary Adamkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amparito Cunningham
- Boston Children's Hospital Division of Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carter R Petty
- Boston Children's Hospital, Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly F Greco
- Boston Children's Hospital, Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sigfus Gunnlaugsson
- Boston Children's Hospital Division of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natalie Stamatiadis
- Boston Children's Hospital Division of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriella Sierra
- Boston Children's Hospital Division of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose Vallarino
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marty Alvarez
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lystra P Hayden
- Boston Children's Hospital Division of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine A Sheils
- Boston Children's Hospital Division of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edie Weller
- Boston Children's Hospital, Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Boston Children's Hospital Division of Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan M Gaffin
- Boston Children's Hospital Division of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Indoor Exposure to Selected Air Pollutants in the Home Environment: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238972. [PMID: 33276576 PMCID: PMC7729884 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: There is increasing awareness that the quality of the indoor environment affects our health and well-being. Indoor air quality (IAQ) in particular has an impact on multiple health outcomes, including respiratory and cardiovascular illness, allergic symptoms, cancers, and premature mortality. (2) Methods: We carried out a global systematic literature review on indoor exposure to selected air pollutants associated with adverse health effects, and related household characteristics, seasonal influences and occupancy patterns. We screened records from six bibliographic databases: ABI/INFORM, Environment Abstracts, Pollution Abstracts, PubMed, ProQuest Biological and Health Professional, and Scopus. (3) Results: Information on indoor exposure levels and determinants, emission sources, and associated health effects was extracted from 141 studies from 29 countries. The most-studied pollutants were particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10); nitrogen dioxide (NO2); volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene, toluene, xylenes and formaldehyde; and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including naphthalene. Identified indoor PM2.5 sources include smoking, cooking, heating, use of incense, candles, and insecticides, while cleaning, housework, presence of pets and movement of people were the main sources of coarse particles. Outdoor air is a major PM2.5 source in rooms with natural ventilation in roadside households. Major sources of NO2 indoors are unvented gas heaters and cookers. Predictors of indoor NO2 are ventilation, season, and outdoor NO2 levels. VOCs are emitted from a wide range of indoor and outdoor sources, including smoking, solvent use, renovations, and household products. Formaldehyde levels are higher in newer houses and in the presence of new furniture, while PAH levels are higher in smoking households. High indoor particulate matter, NO2 and VOC levels were typically associated with respiratory symptoms, particularly asthma symptoms in children. (4) Conclusions: Household characteristics and occupant activities play a large role in indoor exposure, particularly cigarette smoking for PM2.5, gas appliances for NO2, and household products for VOCs and PAHs. Home location near high-traffic-density roads, redecoration, and small house size contribute to high indoor air pollution. In most studies, air exchange rates are negatively associated with indoor air pollution. These findings can inform interventions aiming to improve IAQ in residential properties in a variety of settings.
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Azizi A, Dogan M, Long H, Cain JD, Lee K, Eskandari R, Varieschi A, Glazer EC, Cohen ML, Zettl A. High-Performance Atomically-Thin Room-Temperature NO 2 Sensor. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6120-6127. [PMID: 32680428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of room-temperature sensing devices for detecting small concentrations of molecular species is imperative for a wide range of low-power sensor applications. We demonstrate a room-temperature, highly sensitive, selective, stable, and reversible chemical sensor based on a monolayer of the transition-metal dichalcogenide Re0.5Nb0.5S2. The sensing device exhibits a thickness-dependent carrier type, and upon exposure to NO2 molecules, its electrical resistance considerably increases or decreases depending on the layer number. The sensor is selective to NO2 with only minimal response to other gases such as NH3, CH2O, and CO2. In the presence of humidity, not only are the sensing properties not deteriorated but also the monolayer sensor shows complete reversibility with fast recovery at room temperature. We present a theoretical analysis of the sensing platform and identify the atomically sensitive transduction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Azizi
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mehmet Dogan
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hu Long
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Cain
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rahmatollah Eskandari
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alessandro Varieschi
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emily C Glazer
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marvin L Cohen
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alex Zettl
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Lee H, Chung SJ, Park JS, Kim S, Park DW, Sohn JW, Kim SH, Park CS, Yoon HJ. Impact of Grilling Meat or Fish at Home on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Adults With Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:729-737. [PMID: 32400136 PMCID: PMC7225005 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.4.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Grilling, a common cooking method worldwide, can produce more toxic gases than other cooking methods. However, the impact of frequently grilling meat or fish at home on airflow limitation in adult asthma has not been well elucidated. We performed a prospective cohort study of 91 adult patients with asthma enrolled from 2 university hospitals. Of the patients, 39 (42.9%) grilled meat or fish at least once a week and 52 (57.1%) less than once a week. Patients who grilled at least once a week tended to have lower peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) than those who grilled less than once a week (median, 345.5 L/min; 95% confidence interval [CI], 291.8–423.2 L/min vs. median, 375.1 L/min; 95% CI, 319.7–485.7 L/min; P = 0.059). Among patients with severe asthma who received step 4-5 treatment, PEFR was significantly lower in patients who grilled at least once a week compared with those who grilled less than once a week (median, 297.8 L/min; 95% CI, 211.3–357.7 L/min vs. median, 396.1 L/min; 95% CI, 355.0–489.6 L/min; P < 0.001). Our results suggest that the frequency of grilling meat or fish at home may affect PEFR in asthmatic patients, especially those with severe asthma who needed a high level of asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Chung
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Sook Park
- Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sungroul Kim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Dong Won Park
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Won Sohn
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Heon Kim
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choon Sik Park
- Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ho Joo Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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An Assessment of the Suitability of Active Green Walls for NO2 Reduction in Green Buildings Using a Closed-Loop Flow Reactor. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10120801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a common urban air pollutant that is associated with several adverse human health effects from both short and long term exposure. Additionally, NO2 is highly reactive and can influence the mixing ratios of nitrogen oxide (NO) and ozone (O3). Active green walls can filter numerous air pollutants whilst using little energy, and are thus a candidate for inclusion in green buildings, however, the remediation of NO2 by active green walls remains untested. This work assessed the capacity of replicate active green walls to filter NO2 at both ambient and elevated concentrations within a closed-loop flow reactor, while the concentrations of NO and O3 were simultaneously monitored. Comparisons of each pollutant’s decay rate were made for green walls containing two plant species (Spathiphyllum wallisii and Syngonium podophyllum) and two lighting conditions (indoor and ultraviolet). Biofilter treatments for both plant species exhibited exponential decay for the biofiltration of all three pollutants at ambient concentrations. Furthermore, both treatments removed elevated concentrations of NO and NO2, (average NO2 clean air delivery rate of 661.32 and 550.8 m3∙h−1∙m−3 of biofilter substrate for the respective plant species), although plant species and lighting conditions influenced the degree of NOx removal. Elevated concentrations of NOx compromised the removal efficiency of O3. Whilst the current work provided evidence that effective filtration of NOx is possible with green wall technology, long-term experiments under in situ conditions are needed to establish practical removal rates and plant health effects from prolonged exposure to air pollution.
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21
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Azmeh R, Greydanus DE, Agana MG, Dickson CA, Patel DR, Ischander MM, Lloyd RD. Update in Pediatric Asthma: Selected Issues. Dis Mon 2019; 66:100886. [PMID: 31570159 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2019.100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex condition that affects 14% of the world's children and the approach to management includes both pharmacologic as well as non-pharmacologic strategies including attention to complex socioeconomic status phenomena. After an historical consideration of asthma, allergic and immunologic aspects of asthma in children and adolescents are presented. Concepts of socioeconomic aspects of asthma are considered along with environmental features and complications of asthma disparities. Also reviewed are links of asthma with mental health disorders, sleep disturbances and other comorbidities. A stepwise approach to asthma management is discussed that includes pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies in the pediatric population. The role of immunotherapy and use of various immunomodulators are considered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roua Azmeh
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Donald E Greydanus
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States.
| | - Marisha G Agana
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Cheryl A Dickson
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States; Health Equity and Community Affairs, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
| | - Dilip R Patel
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Mariam M Ischander
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Robert D Lloyd
- Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine, Yakima, Washington, United States
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22
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Richtwerte für Stickstoffdioxid (NO2) in der Innenraumluft. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 62:664-676. [PMID: 30805672 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-019-02891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Adaji EE, Ekezie W, Clifford M, Phalkey R. Understanding the effect of indoor air pollution on pneumonia in children under 5 in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:3208-3225. [PMID: 30569352 PMCID: PMC6513791 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to indoor air pollution increases the risk of pneumonia in children, accounting for about a million deaths globally. This study investigates the individual effect of solid fuel, carbon monoxide (CO), black carbon (BC) and particulate matter (PM)2.5 on pneumonia in children under 5 in low- and middle-income countries. A systematic review was conducted to identify peer-reviewed and grey full-text documents without restrictions to study design, language or year of publication using nine databases (Embase, PubMed, EBSCO/CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, WHO Library Database (WHOLIS), Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)-WHO and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Exposure to solid fuel use showed a significant association to childhood pneumonia. Exposure to CO showed no association to childhood pneumonia. PM2.5 did not show any association when physically measured, whilst eight studies that used solid fuel as a proxy for PM2.5 all reported significant associations. This review highlights the need to standardise measurement of exposure and outcome variables when investigating the effect of air pollution on pneumonia in children under 5. Future studies should account for BC, PM1 and the interaction between indoor and outdoor pollution and its cumulative impact on childhood pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enemona Emmanuel Adaji
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Clinical Sciences Building, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
| | - Winifred Ekezie
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Clinical Sciences Building, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Michael Clifford
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Revati Phalkey
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Clinical Sciences Building, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
- Climate Change and Human Health Group, Institute for Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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A Cost-Effective Air Quality Supervision Solution for Enhanced Living Environments through the Internet of Things. ELECTRONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics8020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We spend about 90% of our lives in indoor living environments. Thus, it is essential to provide indoor air quality monitoring for enhanced living environments. Advances in networking, sensors, and embedded devices have made monitoring and supply of assistance possible to people in their homes. Technological advancements have made possible the building of smart devices with significant capabilities for sensing and connecting, but also provide several improvements in ambient assisted living system architectures. Indoor air quality assumes an important role in building productive and healthy indoor environments. In this paper, the authors present an Internet of Things system for real-time indoor air quality monitoring named iAir. This system is composed by an ESP8266 as the communication and processing unit and a MICS-6814 sensor as the sensing unit. The MICS-6814 is a metal oxide semiconductor sensor capable of detecting several gases such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ethanol, methane, and propane. The iAir system also provides a smartphone application for data consulting and real-time notifications. Compared to other solutions, the iAir system is based on open-source technologies and operates as a totally Wi-Fi system, with several advantages such as its modularity, scalability, low cost, and easy installation. The results obtained are very promising, representing a meaningful contribution for enhanced living environments as iAir provides real-time monitoring for enhanced ambient assisted living and occupational health.
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25
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Zhou S, Young CJ, VandenBoer TC, Kowal SF, Kahan TF. Time-Resolved Measurements of Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Nitrous Acid in an Occupied New York Home. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8355-8364. [PMID: 29973042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Indoor oxidizing capacity in occupied residences is poorly understood. We made simultaneous continuous time-resolved measurements of ozone (O3), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrous acid (HONO) for two months in an occupied detached home with gas appliances in Syracuse, NY. Indoor NO and HONO mixing ratios were higher than those outdoors, whereas O3 was much lower (sub-ppbv) indoors. Cooking led to peak NO, NO2, and HONO levels 20-100 times greater than background levels; HONO mixing ratios of up to 50 ppbv were measured. Our results suggest that many reported NO2 levels may have a large positive bias due to HONO interference. Nitrous acid, NO2, and NO were removed from indoor air more rapidly than CO2, indicative of reactive removal processes or surface uptake. We measured spectral irradiance from sunlight entering the residence through glass doors; hydroxyl radical (OH) production rates of (0.8-10) × 107 molecules cm-3 s-1 were calculated in sunlit areas due to HONO photolysis, in some cases exceeding rates expected from ozone-alkene reactions. Steady-state nitrate radical (NO3) mixing ratios indoors were predicted to be lower than 1.65 × 104 molecules cm-3. This work will help constrain the temporal nature of oxidant concentrations in occupied residences and will improve indoor chemistry models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Cora J Young
- Department of Chemistry , York University , Toronto , Ontario M3J 1P3 , Canada
| | - Trevor C VandenBoer
- Department of Chemistry , York University , Toronto , Ontario M3J 1P3 , Canada
| | - Shawn F Kowal
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Tara F Kahan
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
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26
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Gaffin JM, Hauptman M, Petty CR, Sheehan WJ, Lai PS, Wolfson JM, Gold DR, Coull BA, Koutrakis P, Phipatanakul W. Nitrogen dioxide exposure in school classrooms of inner-city children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:2249-2255.e2. [PMID: 28988796 PMCID: PMC5886827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient and home exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) causes asthma symptoms and decreased lung function in children with asthma. Little is known about the health effects of school classroom pollution exposure. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the effect of indoor classroom NO2 on lung function and symptoms in inner-city school children with asthma. METHODS Children enrolled in the School Inner-City Asthma Study were followed for 1 academic year. Subjects performed spirometry and had fraction of exhaled nitric oxide values measured twice during the school year at school. Classroom NO2 was collected by means of passive sampling for 1-week periods twice per year, coinciding with lung function testing. Generalized estimating equation models assessed lung function and symptom relationships with the temporally nearest classroom NO2 level. RESULTS The mean NO2 value was 11.1 ppb (range, 4.3-29.7 ppb). In total, exposure data were available for 296 subjects, 188 of whom had complete spirometric data. At greater than a threshold of 8 ppb of NO2 and after adjusting for race and season (spirometry standardized by age, height, and sex), NO2 levels were associated highly with airflow obstruction, such that each 10-ppb increase in NO2 level was associated with a 5% decrease in FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio (β = -0.05; 95% CI, -0.08 to -0.02; P = .01). Percent predicted forced expiratory flow between the 25th and 75th percentile of forced vital capacity was also inversely associated with higher NO2 exposure (β = -22.8; 95% CI, -36.0 to -9.7; P = .01). There was no significant association of NO2 levels with percent predicted FEV1, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, or asthma symptoms. Additionally, there was no effect modification of atopy on lung function or symptom outcomes. CONCLUSION In children with asthma, indoor classroom NO2 levels can be associated with increased airflow obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Gaffin
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Marissa Hauptman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Carter R Petty
- Clinical Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - William J Sheehan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Peggy S Lai
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Jack M Wolfson
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass; Channing Institute of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass.
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27
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Kim KS, Ahn CH, Jung SH, Cho SW, Cho HK. Toward Adequate Operation of Amorphous Oxide Thin-Film Transistors for Low-Concentration Gas Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:10185-10193. [PMID: 29493206 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We suggest the use of a thin-film transistor (TFT) composed of amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) as a channel and a sensing layer for low-concentration NO2 gas detection. Although amorphous oxide layers have a restricted surface area when reacting with NO2 gas, such TFT sensors have incomparable advantages in the aspects of electrical stability, large-scale uniformity, and the possibility of miniaturization. The a-IGZO thin films do not possess typical reactive sites and grain boundaries, so that the variation in drain current of the TFTs strictly originates from oxidation reaction between channel surface and NO2 gas. Especially, the sensing data obtained from the variation rate of drain current makes it possible to monitor efficiently and quickly the variation of the NO2 concentration. Interestingly, we found that enhancement-mode TFT (EM-TFT) allows discrimination of the drain current variation rate at NO2 concentrations ≤10 ppm, whereas a depletion-mode TFT is adequate for discriminating NO2 concentrations ≥10 ppm. This discrepancy is attributed to the ratio of charge carriers contributing to gas capture with respect to total carriers. This capacity for the excellent detection of low-concentration NO2 gas can be realized through (i) three-terminal TFT gas sensors using amorphous oxide, (ii) measurement of the drain current variation rate for high selectivity, and (iii) an EM mode driven by tuning the electrical conductivity of channel layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Su Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hyoun Ahn
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyeon Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woon Cho
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Koun Cho
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
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28
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Svendsen ER, Gonzales M, Commodore A. The role of the indoor environment: Residential determinants of allergy, asthma and pulmonary function in children from a US-Mexico border community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:1513-1523. [PMID: 29107378 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The El Paso Children's Health Study examined environmental risk factors for allergy and asthma among fourth and fifth grade schoolchildren living in a major United States-Mexico border city. Complete questionnaire information was available for 5210 children, while adequate pulmonary function data were available for a subset of 1874. Herein we studied indoor environmental health risk factors for allergy and asthma. Several indoor environmental risk factors were associated with allergy and asthma. In particular, we found that ant and spider pest problems, pet dogs, fireplace heat, central air conditioning, humidifier use, and cooking with gas stoves were positively associated with both allergy and asthma prevalence. With regards to asthma severity, our analysis indicated that exposure to pet dogs increased monotonically with increasing asthma severity while the lack of any heat source and gas stove use for cooking decreased monotonically with increasing asthma severity. Lung function also decreased among children who lived in homes with reported cockroach pest problem in the past year without concurrent use of pesticides. These effects on pulmonary function were present even after excluding children with a current physician's diagnosis of asthma. Clinicians and public health professionals may need to look closely at the contribution of these indoor risk factors on pulmonary health and quality of life among susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Svendsen
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Public Health Sciences, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Melissa Gonzales
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Adwoa Commodore
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Public Health Sciences, Charleston, SC, USA
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29
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Paulin LM, Williams D'AL, Peng R, Diette GB, McCormack MC, Breysse P, Hansel NN. 24-h Nitrogen dioxide concentration is associated with cooking behaviors and an increase in rescue medication use in children with asthma. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:118-123. [PMID: 28797886 PMCID: PMC5623630 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a byproduct of combustion, is associated with poor asthma control in children. We sought to determine whether gas-fueled kitchen appliance use is associated with 24-h indoor NO2 concentrations and whether these concentrations are associated with asthma morbidity in children. Children aged 5-12 years old with asthma were eligible. Mean 24-h NO2 concentration was measured in the kitchen over a four-day sampling period and gas stove use was captured in time activity diaries. The relationship between stove and oven use and daily NO2 concentration was analyzed. Longitudinal analysis assessed the effect of daily NO2 exposure on symptoms, inhaler use, and lung function. Multivariate models were adjusted for age, sex, season, and maternal education. Thirty children contributed 126 participant days of sampling. Mean indoor 24-h NO2 concentration was 58(48)ppb with a median (range) of 45(12-276)ppb. All homes had gas stoves and furnaces. Each hour of kitchen appliance use was associated with an 18ppb increase in 24-h NO2 concentration. In longitudinal multivariate analysis, each ten-fold increase in previous-day NO2 was associated with increased nighttime inhaler use (OR = 4.9, p = 0.04). There were no associations between NO2 and lung function or asthma symptoms. Higher previous-day 24-h concentration of NO2 is associated with increased nighttime inhaler use in children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Paulin
- Johns Hopkins Pulmonary/Critical Care, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - D 'Ann L Williams
- Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Roger Peng
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Balitmore, MD, United States
| | - Gregory B Diette
- Johns Hopkins Pulmonary/Critical Care, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Patrick Breysse
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Johns Hopkins Pulmonary/Critical Care, Baltimore, MD, United States
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30
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Gaffin JM, Petty CR, Hauptman M, Kang CM, Wolfson JM, Awad YA, Di Q, Lai PS, Sheehan WJ, Baxi S, Coull BA, Schwartz JD, Gold DR, Koutrakis P, Phipatanakul W. Modeling indoor particulate exposures in inner-city school classrooms. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2017; 27:451-457. [PMID: 27599884 PMCID: PMC5340641 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor air pollution penetrates buildings and contributes to total indoor exposures. We investigated the relationship of indoor to outdoor particulate matter in inner-city school classrooms. The School Inner City Asthma Study investigates the effect of classroom-based environmental exposures on students with asthma in the northeast United States. Mixed effects linear models were used to determine the relationships between indoor PM2.5 (particulate matter) and black carbon (BC), and their corresponding outdoor concentrations, and to develop a model for predicting exposures to these pollutants. The indoor-outdoor sulfur ratio was used as an infiltration factor of outdoor fine particles. Weeklong concentrations of PM2.5 and BC in 199 samples from 136 classrooms (30 school buildings) were compared with those measured at a central monitoring site averaged over the same timeframe. Mixed effects regression models found significant random intercept and slope effects, which indicate that: (1) there are important PM2.5 sources in classrooms; (2) the penetration of outdoor PM2.5 particles varies by school and (3) the site-specific outside PM2.5 levels (inferred by the models) differ from those observed at the central monitor site. Similar results were found for BC except for lack of indoor sources. The fitted predictions from the sulfur-adjusted models were moderately predictive of observed indoor pollutant levels (out of sample correlations: PM2.5: r2=0.68, BC; r2=0.61). Our results suggest that PM2.5 has important classroom sources, which vary by school. Furthermore, using these mixed effects models, classroom exposures can be accurately predicted for dates when central site measures are available but indoor measures are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marissa Hauptman
- Boston Children's Hospital
- Harvard Medical school
- Region 1 New England Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit
| | | | | | | | - Qian Di
- T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health
| | - Peggy S. Lai
- Harvard Medical school
- T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health
- Massachusetts General Hospital
| | | | - Sachin Baxi
- Boston Children's Hospital
- Harvard Medical school
| | | | | | - Diane R. Gold
- Harvard Medical school
- T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital
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31
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Something new in the air: Paying for community-based environmental approaches to asthma prevention and control. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1244-1249. [PMID: 28192148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recommendation in national asthma guidelines to target indoor environmental exposures, most insurers generally have not covered the outreach, education, environmental assessments, or durable goods integral to home environmental interventions. However, emerging payment approaches offer new potential for coverage of home-based environmental intervention costs. These opportunities are becoming available as public and private insurers shift reimbursement to reward better health outcomes, and their key characteristic is a focus on the value rather than the volume of services. These new payment models for environmental interventions can be divided into 2 categories: enhanced fee-for-service reimbursement and set payments per patient that cover asthma-related costs. Several pilot programs across the United States are underway, and as they prove their value and as payment increasingly becomes aligned with better outcomes at lower cost, these efforts should have a bright future. Physicians should be aware that these new possibilities are emerging for payment of the goods and services needed for indoor environmental interventions for their patients with asthma.
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32
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Sharafeldin IM, Allam NK. DFT insights into the electronic properties and adsorption of NO2 on metal-doped carbon nanotubes for gas sensing applications. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03109b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical and computational chemistry contributes to the future chemistry for building gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Icell M. Sharafeldin
- Energy Materials Laboratory
- School of Sciences and Engineering
- The American University in Cairo
- New Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Nageh K. Allam
- Energy Materials Laboratory
- School of Sciences and Engineering
- The American University in Cairo
- New Cairo
- Egypt
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33
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Le Cann P, Paulus H, Glorennec P, Le Bot B, Frain S, Gangneux JP. Home Environmental Interventions for the Prevention or Control of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases: What Really Works. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2016; 5:66-79. [PMID: 27665387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Home health care workers interventions have been implemented in western countries to improve health status of patients with respiratory diseases especially asthma and allergic illnesses. Twenty-six controlled studies dealing with prevention and control of these diseases through home environmental interventions were reviewed. After a comprehensive description of the characteristics of these studies, the effectiveness of each intervention was then evaluated in terms of participants' compliance with the intervention program, improvement of quality of the indoor environment, and finally improvement of health outcomes, in detailed tables. Limitations and biases of the studies are also discussed. Overall, this review aims at giving a toolbox for home health care workers to target the most appropriate measures to improve health status of the patient depending on his and/or her environment and disease. Only a case-by-case approach with achievable measures will warrant the efficacy of home interventions. This review will also provide to the research community a tool to better identify targets to focus in future evaluation studies of home health care workers action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Le Cann
- Environmental and Occupational Health Department, EHESP School of Public Health, Rennes, France; Inserm UMR 1085-IRSET, Rennes, France.
| | - Hélène Paulus
- ESITC, Engineering School of Construction Works, Cachan, France
| | - Philippe Glorennec
- Environmental and Occupational Health Department, EHESP School of Public Health, Rennes, France; Inserm UMR 1085-IRSET, Rennes, France
| | - Barbara Le Bot
- Environmental and Occupational Health Department, EHESP School of Public Health, Rennes, France; Inserm UMR 1085-IRSET, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Frain
- Captair Bretagne Association, Dinan Hospital, Dinan, France
| | - Jean Pierre Gangneux
- Inserm UMR 1085-IRSET, Rennes, France; Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Rennes Teaching Hospital/University Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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Dėdelė A, Miškinytė A. Seasonal variation of indoor and outdoor air quality of nitrogen dioxide in homes with gas and electric stoves. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:17784-17792. [PMID: 27250086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution significantly influences personal exposure to air pollution and increases health risks. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the major air pollutants, and therefore it is important to properly determine indoor concentration of this pollutant considering the fact that people spend most of their time inside. The aim of this study was to assess indoor and outdoor concentration of NO2 during each season; for this purpose, passive sampling was applied. We analyzed homes with gas and electric stoves to determine and compare the concentrations of NO2 in kitchen, living room, and bedroom microenvironments (MEs). The accuracy of passive sampling was evaluated by comparing the sampling results with the data from air quality monitoring stations. The highest indoor concentration of NO2 was observed in kitchen ME during the winter period, the median concentration being 28.4 μg m(-3). Indoor NO2 levels in homes with gas stoves were higher than outdoor levels during all seasons. The concentration of NO2 was by 2.5 times higher in kitchen MEs with gas stoves than with electric stoves. This study showed that the concentration of NO2 in indoor MEs mainly depended on the stove type used in the kitchen. Homes with gas stoves had significantly higher levels of NO2 in all indoor MEs compared with homes where electric stoves were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrius Dėdelė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos Street 8, 44404, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Auksė Miškinytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos Street 8, 44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
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35
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Dannemiller KC, Gent JF, Leaderer BP, Peccia J. Indoor microbial communities: Influence on asthma severity in atopic and nonatopic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016. [PMID: 26851966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.027,e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic and nonallergic asthma severity in children can be affected by microbial exposures. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine associations between exposures to household microbes and childhood asthma severity stratified by atopic status. METHODS Participants (n = 196) were selected from a cohort of asthmatic children in Connecticut and Massachusetts. Children were grouped according to asthma severity (mild with no or minimal symptoms and medication or moderate to severe persistent) and atopic status (determined by serum IgE levels). Microbial community structure and concentrations in house dust were determined by using next-generation DNA sequencing and quantitative PCR. Logistic regression was used to explore associations between asthma severity and exposure metrics, including richness, taxa identification and quantification, community composition, and concentration of total fungi and bacteria. RESULTS Among all children, increased asthma severity was significantly associated with an increased concentration of summed allergenic fungal species, high total fungal concentrations, and high bacterial richness by using logistic regression in addition to microbial community composition by using the distance comparison t test. Asthma severity in atopic children was associated with fungal community composition (P = .001). By using logistic regression, asthma severity in nonatopic children was associated with total fungal concentration (odds ratio, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.06-5.44). The fungal genus Volutella was associated with increased asthma severity in atopic children (P = .0001, q = 0.04). The yeast genera Kondoa might be protective; Cryptococcus species might also affect asthma severity. CONCLUSION Asthma severity among this cohort of children was associated with microbial exposure, and associations differed based on atopic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Dannemiller
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| | - Janneane F Gent
- Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Conn
| | - Brian P Leaderer
- Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Conn
| | - Jordan Peccia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.
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36
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Dannemiller KC, Gent JF, Leaderer BP, Peccia J. Influence of housing characteristics on bacterial and fungal communities in homes of asthmatic children. INDOOR AIR 2016; 26:179-92. [PMID: 25833176 PMCID: PMC4591094 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Variations in home characteristics, such as moisture and occupancy, affect indoor microbial ecology as well as human exposure to microorganisms. Our objective was to determine how indoor bacterial and fungal community structure and diversity are associated with the broader home environment and its occupants. Next-generation DNA sequencing was used to describe fungal and bacterial communities in house dust sampled from 198 homes of asthmatic children in southern New England. Housing characteristics included number of people/children, level of urbanization, single/multifamily home, reported mold, reported water leaks, air conditioning (AC) use, and presence of pets. Both fungal and bacterial community structures were non-random and demonstrated species segregation (C-score, P < 0.00001). Increased microbial richness was associated with the presence of pets, water leaks, longer AC use, suburban (vs. urban) homes, and dust composition measures (P < 0.05). The most significant differences in community composition were observed for AC use and occupancy (people, children, and pets) characteristics. Occupant density measures were associated with beneficial bacterial taxa, including Lactobacillus johnsonii as measured by qPCR. A more complete knowledge of indoor microbial communities is useful for linking housing characteristics to human health outcomes. Microbial assemblies in house dust result, in part, from the building's physical and occupant characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C. Dannemiller
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Ave, PO Box 208286, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Janneane F. Gent
- Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, One Church Street, 6 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Brian P. Leaderer
- Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, One Church Street, 6 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jordan Peccia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Ave, PO Box 208286, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Corresponding author: Jordan Peccia, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, Mason Laboratory, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06520-8286, USA, , 203-432-4385
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37
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Mullen NA, Li J, Russell ML, Spears M, Less BD, Singer BC. Results of the California Healthy Homes Indoor Air Quality Study of 2011-2013: impact of natural gas appliances on air pollutant concentrations. INDOOR AIR 2016; 26:231-245. [PMID: 25647016 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the current impact of natural gas appliances on air quality in California homes. Data were collected via telephone interviews and measurements inside and outside of 352 homes. Passive samplers measured time-resolved CO and time-integrated NOX , NO2 , formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde over ~6-day periods in November 2011 - April 2012 and October 2012 - March 2013. The fraction of indoor NOX and NO2 attributable to indoor sources was estimated. NOX , NO2 , and highest 1-h CO were higher in homes that cooked with gas and increased with amount of gas cooking. NOX and NO2 were higher in homes with cooktop pilot burners, relative to gas cooking without pilots. Homes with a pilot burner on a floor or wall furnace had higher kitchen and bedroom NOX and NO2 compared to homes without a furnace pilot. When scaled to account for varying home size and mixing volume, indoor-attributed bedroom and kitchen NOX and kitchen NO2 were not higher in homes with wall or floor furnace pilot burners, although bedroom NO2 was higher. In homes that cooked 4 h or more with gas, self-reported use of kitchen exhaust was associated with lower NOX , NO2 , and highest 1-h CO. Gas appliances were not associated with higher concentrations of formaldehyde or acetaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Mullen
- Product Regulations, Global Supply Chain, Gap Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
- Indoor Environment Group, Environmental Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J Li
- Indoor Environment Group, Environmental Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M L Russell
- Indoor Environment Group, Environmental Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Spears
- Indoor Environment Group, Environmental Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - B D Less
- Residential Building Systems Group, Environmental Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - B C Singer
- Indoor Environment Group, Environmental Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Residential Building Systems Group, Environmental Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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38
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Dannemiller KC, Gent JF, Leaderer BP, Peccia J. Indoor microbial communities: Influence on asthma severity in atopic and nonatopic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:76-83.e1. [PMID: 26851966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic and nonallergic asthma severity in children can be affected by microbial exposures. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine associations between exposures to household microbes and childhood asthma severity stratified by atopic status. METHODS Participants (n = 196) were selected from a cohort of asthmatic children in Connecticut and Massachusetts. Children were grouped according to asthma severity (mild with no or minimal symptoms and medication or moderate to severe persistent) and atopic status (determined by serum IgE levels). Microbial community structure and concentrations in house dust were determined by using next-generation DNA sequencing and quantitative PCR. Logistic regression was used to explore associations between asthma severity and exposure metrics, including richness, taxa identification and quantification, community composition, and concentration of total fungi and bacteria. RESULTS Among all children, increased asthma severity was significantly associated with an increased concentration of summed allergenic fungal species, high total fungal concentrations, and high bacterial richness by using logistic regression in addition to microbial community composition by using the distance comparison t test. Asthma severity in atopic children was associated with fungal community composition (P = .001). By using logistic regression, asthma severity in nonatopic children was associated with total fungal concentration (odds ratio, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.06-5.44). The fungal genus Volutella was associated with increased asthma severity in atopic children (P = .0001, q = 0.04). The yeast genera Kondoa might be protective; Cryptococcus species might also affect asthma severity. CONCLUSION Asthma severity among this cohort of children was associated with microbial exposure, and associations differed based on atopic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Dannemiller
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| | - Janneane F Gent
- Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Conn
| | - Brian P Leaderer
- Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Conn
| | - Jordan Peccia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.
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39
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Takaro TK, Scott JA, Allen RW, Anand SS, Becker AB, Befus AD, Brauer M, Duncan J, Lefebvre DL, Lou W, Mandhane PJ, McLean KE, Miller G, Sbihi H, Shu H, Subbarao P, Turvey SE, Wheeler AJ, Zeng L, Sears MR, Brook JR. The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort study: assessment of environmental exposures. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2015; 25:580-92. [PMID: 25805254 PMCID: PMC4611361 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development birth cohort was designed to elucidate interactions between environment and genetics underlying development of asthma and allergy. Over 3600 pregnant mothers were recruited from the general population in four provinces with diverse environments. The child is followed to age 5 years, with prospective characterization of diverse exposures during this critical period. Key exposure domains include indoor and outdoor air pollutants, inhalation, ingestion and dermal uptake of chemicals, mold, dampness, biological allergens, pets and pests, housing structure, and living behavior, together with infections, nutrition, psychosocial environment, and medications. Assessments of early life exposures are focused on those linked to inflammatory responses driven by the acquired and innate immune systems. Mothers complete extensive environmental questionnaires including time-activity behavior at recruitment and when the child is 3, 6, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 60 months old. House dust collected during a thorough home assessment at 3-4 months, and biological specimens obtained for multiple exposure-related measurements, are archived for analyses. Geo-locations of homes and daycares and land-use regression for estimating traffic-related air pollution complement time-activity-behavior data to provide comprehensive individual exposure profiles. Several analytical frameworks are proposed to address the many interacting exposure variables and potential issues of co-linearity in this complex data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim K Takaro
- Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Ryan W Allen
- Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - A Dean Befus
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Brauer
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Wendy Lou
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Hind Sbihi
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Huan Shu
- Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Karlstad University, Karlstad, Värmland, Sweden
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda J Wheeler
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leilei Zeng
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey R Brook
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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40
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Zhang Q, Qiu M, Lai K, Zhong N. Cough and environmental air pollution in China. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 35:132-6. [PMID: 26467061 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With fast-paced urbanization and increased energy consumption in rapidly industrialized modern China, the level of outdoor and indoor air pollution resulting from industrial and motor vehicle emissions has been increasing at an accelerated rate. Thus, there is a significant increase in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and decreased pulmonary function. Experimental exposure research and epidemiological studies have indicated that exposure to particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and environmental tobacco smoke have a harmful influence on development of respiratory diseases and are significantly associated with cough and wheeze. This review mainly discusses the effect of air pollutants on respiratory health, particularly with respect to cough, the links between air pollutants and microorganisms, and air pollutant sources. Particular attention is paid to studies in urban areas of China where the levels of ambient and indoor air pollution are significantly higher than World Health Organization recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases (Guangzhou Medical University) 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Minzhi Qiu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases (Guangzhou Medical University) 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Kefang Lai
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases (Guangzhou Medical University) 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases (Guangzhou Medical University) 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
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41
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Milner J, Chalabi Z, Vardoulakis S, Wilkinson P. Housing interventions and health: Quantifying the impact of indoor particles on mortality and morbidity with disease recovery. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 81:73-79. [PMID: 25958127 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Housing interventions for energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emission reduction have the potential to reduce exposure to indoor air pollution if they are implemented correctly. This work assessed the health impacts of home energy efficiency measures in England and Wales resulting in a reduction in average indoor PM2.5 exposures of 3 μg m(-3). The assessment was performed using a new multistate life table model which allows transition into and between multiple morbid states, including recovery to disease-free status and relapse, with transition rates informed by age- and cause-specific disease prevalence, incidence and mortality data. Such models have not previously included disease recovery. The results demonstrate that incorporation of recovery in the model is necessary for conditions such as asthma which have high incidence in early life but likelihood of recovery in adulthood. The impact assessment of the home energy efficiency intervention showed that the reduction in PM2.5 exposure would be associated with substantial benefits for mortality and morbidity from asthma, coronary heart disease and lung cancer. The overall impact would be an increase in life expectancy of two to three months and approximately 13 million QALYs gained over the 90 year follow-up period. Substantial quality-of-life benefits were also observed, with a decrease in asthma over all age groups and larger benefits due to reduced coronary heart disease and lung cancer, particularly in older age groups. The multistate model with recovery provides important additional information for assessing the impact on health of environmental policies and interventions compared with mortality-only life tables, allowing more realistic representation of diseases with substantial non-mortality burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Milner
- Department of Social & Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - Zaid Chalabi
- Department of Social & Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - Sotiris Vardoulakis
- Department of Social & Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK; Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK.
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Social & Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
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42
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Cibella F, Cuttitta G, Della Maggiore R, Ruggieri S, Panunzi S, De Gaetano A, Bucchieri S, Drago G, Melis MR, La Grutta S, Viegi G. Effect of indoor nitrogen dioxide on lung function in urban environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 138:8-16. [PMID: 25682253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of indoor NO2 are associated with increased asthma symptoms and decreased expiratory peak flows in children. We investigated the association of exposure to domestic indoor NO2, objectively measured in winter and spring, with respiratory symptoms and lung function in a sample of adolescents from a southern Mediterranean area. METHODS From a large school population sample (n=2150) participating in an epidemiological survey in the urban area of the City of Palermo (southern Italy), a sub-sample of 303 adolescents was selected which furnished an enriched sample for cases of current asthma. All subjects were evaluated by a health questionnaire, skin prick tests and spirometry. One-week indoor NO2 monitoring of their homes was performed by diffusive sampling during spring and again during winter. RESULTS We found that about 25% of subjects were exposed to indoor NO2 levels higher than the 40µg/m(3) World Health Organization limit, during both spring and winter. Moreover, subjects exposed to the highest indoor NO2 concentrations had increased frequency of current asthma (p=0.005), wheeze episodes in the last 12 months (p<0.001), chronic phlegm (p=0.013), and rhinoconjunctivitis (p=0.008). Finally, subjects with a personal history of wheeze ever had poorer respiratory function (FEF25-75%, p=0.01) when exposed to higher indoor NO2 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Home exposure to high indoor NO2 levels frequently occurs in adolescents living in a southern Mediterranean urban area and is significantly associated with the risks for increased frequency of both respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cibella
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Cuttitta
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Della Maggiore
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Information Science and Technologies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ruggieri
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Panunzi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for System Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea De Gaetano
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for System Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", Roma, Italy
| | - Salvatore Bucchieri
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Drago
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario R Melis
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Viegi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
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43
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Zhang Q, Qiu Z, Chung KF, Huang SK. Link between environmental air pollution and allergic asthma: East meets West. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:14-22. [PMID: 25694814 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
With the levels of outdoor air pollution from industrial and motor vehicle emissions rising rapidly in the fastly-industrializing countries of South East Asia, the prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases has also been increasing to match those in the West. Epidemiological and experimental exposure studies indicate a harmful impact of outdoor air pollution from vehicles and factories both on the development of allergic diseases and asthma and the increase in asthma symptoms and exacerbations. The level of outdoor pollution in Asia is much higher and more diverse than those encountered in Western countries. This may increase the impact of outdoor pollution on health, particularly lung health in Asia. This review discusses the constituents of air pollution in Asia with a special focus on studies in mainland China and Taiwan where the levels of pollution have reached high levels and where such high levels particularly in winter can cause a thick haze that reduces visibility. The onus remains on regulatory and public health authorities to curb the sources of pollution so that the health effects on the population particularly those with lung and cardiovascular diseases and with increased susceptibility can be mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK ; 3 Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 115 Zhunan, Taiwan ; 4 Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Zhiming Qiu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK ; 3 Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 115 Zhunan, Taiwan ; 4 Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK ; 3 Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 115 Zhunan, Taiwan ; 4 Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK ; 3 Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 115 Zhunan, Taiwan ; 4 Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Coker ES, Smit E, Harding AK, Molitor J, Kile ML. A cross sectional analysis of behaviors related to operating gas stoves and pneumonia in U.S. children under the age of 5. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:77. [PMID: 25648867 PMCID: PMC4321321 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poorly ventilated combustion stoves and pollutants emitted from combustion stoves increase the risk of acute lower respiratory illnesses (ALRI) in children living in developing countries but few studies have examined these issues in developed countries. Our objective is to investigate behaviors related to gas stove use, namely using them for heat and without ventilation, on the odds of pneumonia and cough in U.S. children. Methods The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994) was used to identify children < 5 years who lived in homes with a gas stove and whose parents provided information on their behaviors when operating their gas stoves and data on pneumonia (N = 3,289) and cough (N = 3,127). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between each respiratory outcome and using a gas stove for heat or without ventilation, as well as, the joint effect of both behaviors. Results The adjusted odds of parental-reported pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08, 4.03) and cough (aOR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.43) were higher among children who lived in homes where gas stoves were used for heat compared to those who lived in homes where gas stoves were only used for cooking. The odds of pneumonia (aOR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.98), but not cough (aOR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.75), was higher among those children whose parents did not report using ventilation when operating gas stoves compared to those who did use ventilation. When considering the joint association of both stove operating conditions, only children whose parents reported using gas stoves for heat without ventilation had significantly higher odds of pneumonia (aOR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.32, 7.09) and coughing (aOR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.29, 3.30) after adjusting for other risk factors. Conclusions Using gas stoves for heat without ventilation was associated with higher odds of pneumonia and cough among U.S. children less than five years old who live in homes with a gas stove. More research is needed to determine if emissions from gas stoves ventilation infrastructure, or modifiable behaviors contribute to respiratory infections in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Coker
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Ellen Smit
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Anna K Harding
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - John Molitor
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Molly L Kile
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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Abstract
The inner city has long been recognized as an area of high asthma morbidity and mortality. A wide range of factors interact to create this environment. These factors include well-recognized asthma risk factors that are not specific to the inner city, the structure and delivery of health care, the location and function of the urban environment, and social inequities. In this article, these facets are reviewed, and successful and unsuccessful interventions are discussed, to understand what is needed to solve this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gergen
- Allergy, Asthma, Airway Biology Branch (AAABB), MD, USA.
| | - Alkis Togias
- Allergy, Asthma, Airway Biology Branch (AAABB), MD, USA
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Kanchongkittiphon W, Mendell MJ, Gaffin JM, Wang G, Phipatanakul W. Indoor environmental exposures and exacerbation of asthma: an update to the 2000 review by the Institute of Medicine. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:6-20. [PMID: 25303775 PMCID: PMC4286274 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has found relationships between specific indoor environmental exposures and exacerbation of asthma. OBJECTIVES In this review we provide an updated summary of knowledge from the scientific literature on indoor exposures and exacerbation of asthma. METHODS Peer-reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2013 on indoor exposures and exacerbation of asthma were identified through PubMed, from reference lists, and from authors' files. Articles that focused on modifiable indoor exposures in relation to frequency or severity of exacerbation of asthma were selected for review. Research findings were reviewed and summarized with consideration of the strength of the evidence. RESULTS Sixty-nine eligible articles were included. Major changed conclusions include a causal relationship with exacerbation for indoor dampness or dampness-related agents (in children); associations with exacerbation for dampness or dampness-related agents (in adults), endotoxin, and environmental tobacco smoke (in preschool children); and limited or suggestive evidence for association with exacerbation for indoor culturable Penicillium or total fungi, nitrogen dioxide, rodents (nonoccupational), feather/down pillows (protective relative to synthetic bedding), and (regardless of specific sensitization) dust mite, cockroach, dog, and dampness-related agents. DISCUSSION This review, incorporating evidence reported since 2000, increases the strength of evidence linking many indoor factors to the exacerbation of asthma. Conclusions should be considered provisional until all available evidence is examined more thoroughly. CONCLUSION Multiple indoor exposures, especially dampness-related agents, merit increased attention to prevent exacerbation of asthma, possibly even in nonsensitized individuals. Additional research to establish causality and evaluate interventions is needed for these and other indoor exposures.
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St Helen G, Aguilar-Villalobos M, Adetona O, Cassidy B, Bayer CW, Hendry R, Hall DB, Naeher LP. Exposure of pregnant women to cookstove-related household air pollution in urban and periurban Trujillo, Peru. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2015; 70:10-8. [PMID: 24215174 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2013.807761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although evidence suggests associations between maternal exposure to air pollution and adverse birth outcomes, pregnant women's exposure to household air pollution in developing countries is understudied. Personal exposures of pregnant women (N = 100) in Trujillo, Peru, to air pollutants and their indoor concentrations were measured. The effects of stove-use-related characteristics and ambient air pollution on exposure were determined using mixed-effects models. Significant differences in 48-hour kitchen concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations were observed across fuel types (p < 0.05). Geometric mean PM2.5 concentrations where 112 μg/m(3) (confidence limits [CLs]: 52, 242 μg/m(3)) and 42 μg/m(3) (21, 82 μg/m(3)) in homes where wood and gas were used, respectively. PM2.5 exposure was at levels that recent exposure-response analyses suggest may not result in substantial reduction in health risks even in homes where cleaner burning gas stoves were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon St Helen
- a Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health , The University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA
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Gaffin JM, Kanchongkittiphon W, Phipatanakul W. Reprint of: Perinatal and early childhood environmental factors influencing allergic asthma immunopathogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:337-46. [PMID: 25308874 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of asthma has increased dramatically over the past several decades. While hereditary factors are highly important, the rapid rise outstrips the pace of genomic variation. Great emphasis has been placed on potential modifiable early life exposures leading to childhood asthma. METHODS We reviewed the recent medical literature for important studies discussing the role of the perinatal and early childhood exposures and the inception of childhood asthma. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Early life exposure to allergens (house dust mite (HDM), furred pets, cockroach, rodent and mold), air pollution (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter (PM)) and viral respiratory tract infections (Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (hRV)) has been implicated in the development of asthma in high risk children. Conversely, exposure to microbial diversity in the perinatal period may diminish the development of atopy and asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Gaffin
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Watcharoot Kanchongkittiphon
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kile ML, Coker ES, Smit E, Sudakin D, Molitor J, Harding AK. A cross-sectional study of the association between ventilation of gas stoves and chronic respiratory illness in U.S. children enrolled in NHANESIII. Environ Health 2014; 13:71. [PMID: 25182545 PMCID: PMC4175218 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gas stoves emit pollutants that are respiratory irritants. U.S. children under age 6 who live in homes where gas stoves are used for cooking or heating have an increased risk of asthma, wheeze and reduced lung function. Yet few studies have examined whether using ventilation when operating gas stoves is associated with a decrease in the prevalence of respiratory illnesses in this population. METHODS The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to identify U.S. children aged 2-16 years with information on respiratory outcomes (asthma, wheeze, and bronchitis) who lived in homes where gas stoves were used in the previous 12 months and whose parents provided information on ventilation. Logistic regression models evaluated the association between prevalent respiratory outcomes and ventilation in homes that used gas stoves for cooking and/or heating. Linear regression models assessed the association between spirometry measurements and ventilation use in children aged 8-16 years. RESULTS The adjusted odds of asthma (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.64; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.43, 0.97), wheeze (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.86), and bronchitis (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.95) were lower among children whose parents reported using ventilation compared to children whose parents reported not using ventilation when operating gas stoves. One-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC ratio was also higher in girls who lived in households that used gas stoves with ventilation compared to households that used gas stoves without ventilation. CONCLUSIONS In homes that used gas stoves, children whose parents reported using ventilation when operating their stove had higher lung function and lower odds of asthma, wheeze, and bronchitis compared to homes that never used ventilation or did not have ventilation available after adjusting for other risk factors. Additional research on the efficacy of ventilation as an intervention for ameliorating respiratory symptoms in children with asthma is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly L Kile
- />College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 15 Milam, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Eric S Coker
- />College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 15 Milam, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Ellen Smit
- />College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 15 Milam, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Daniel Sudakin
- />Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - John Molitor
- />College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 15 Milam, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Anna K Harding
- />College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 15 Milam, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
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Malingappa P, Yarradoddappa V. A Continuous Flow System for the Measurement of Ambient Nitrogen Oxides [NO + NO2] Using Rhodamine B Hydrazide as a Chemosensor. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2014; 9:67-73. [PMID: 25210422 PMCID: PMC4149333 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s16890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A new chemosensor has been used to monitor atmospheric nitrogen oxides [NO + NO2] at parts per billion (ppb) level. It is based on the catalytic reaction of nitrogen oxides with rhodamine B hydrazide (RBH) to produce a colored compound through the hydrolysis of the amide bond of the molecule. A simple colorimeter has been used to monitor atmospheric nitrogen dioxide at ppb level. The air samples were purged through a sampling cuvette containing RBH solution using peristaltic pump. The proposed method has been successfully applied to monitor the ambient nitrogen dioxide levels at traffic junction points within the city limits and the results obtained are compared with the standard Griess-Ilosvay method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandurangappa Malingappa
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore-560001, India
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