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Shen J, Feng J, Wu Z, Ou Y, Zhang Q, Nong Q, Wu Q, Li C, Tan X, Ye M, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Liang W, Xia L, Qin Y, Huang Y, Zhao N, Hu S. Apelin Prevents and Alleviates Crystalline Silica-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Inhibiting Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1-triggered Fibroblast Activation. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4004-4019. [PMID: 37705751 PMCID: PMC10496498 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.81436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a common and ultimately fatal occupational disease, yet the limited therapeutic option remains the major clinical challenge. Apelin, an endogenous ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor (APJ), is abundantly expressed in diverse organs. The apelin-APJ axis helps to control pathological and physiological processes in lung. The role of apelin in the pathological process and its possible therapeutic effects on silicosis have not been elucidated. In this study, we found that lung expression and circulating levels of apelin were markedly decreased in silicosis patients and silica-induced fibrotic mice and associated with the severity. Furthermore, in vivo data demonstrated that pre-treatment from day 3 and post-treatment from day 15 with apelin could both alleviate silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Besides, apelin inhibited pulmonary fibroblast activation via transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) signaling. Our study suggested that apelin could prevent and reverse silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the fibroblast activation through TGF-β1 signaling pathway, thus providing a new potential therapeutic strategy for silicosis and other pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayin Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijia Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yushi Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
- Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiying Nong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifeng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Tan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ye
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxiang Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihui Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiru Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongshun Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
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Park J, Park MY, Kim Y, Jun Y, Lee U, Oh CM. Apelin as a new therapeutic target for COVID-19 treatment. QJM 2023; 116:197-204. [PMID: 36200913 PMCID: PMC9619586 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apelin is an endogenous neuropeptide that binds to the G-protein-coupled receptor (APJ) and participates in a variety of physiological processes in the heart, lungs and other peripheral organs. Intriguingly, [Pyr1]-Apelin-13, a highly potent pyroglutamic form of apelin, has the potential to bind to and be degraded by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is known to operate as a viral receptor in the early stages of severe acute respiratory coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. AIM This study aimed to determine if apelin protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting ACE2 binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. DESIGN AND METHODS To determine whether [Pyr1]-Apelin-13 inhibits ACE2 binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein), we performed a cell-to-cell fusion assay using ACE2-expressing cells and S protein-expressing cells and a pseudovirus-based inhibition assay. We then analyzed publicly available transcriptome data while focusing on the beneficial effects of apelin on the lungs. RESULTS We found that [Pyr1]-Apelin-13 inhibits cell-to-cell fusion mediated by ACE2 binding to the S protein. In this experiment, [Pyr1]-Apelin-13 protected human bronchial epithelial cells, infected with pseudo-typed lentivirus-producing S protein, against viral infection. In the presence of [Pyr1]-Apelin-13, the level of viral spike protein expression was also reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. Transcriptome analysis revealed that apelin may control inflammatory responses to viral infection by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B pathway. CONCLUSION Apelin is a potential therapeutic candidate against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Park
- From the Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - M -Y Park
- From the Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Y Kim
- From the Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Y Jun
- Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - U Lee
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C -M Oh
- Address correspondence to C.-M. Oh, Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
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Cores Ziskoven P, Nogueira AVB, Gutierrez LS, Weusmann J, Eick S, Buduneli N, Deschner J. Apelin Enhances the Effects of Fusobacterium nucleatum on Periodontal Ligament Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054733. [PMID: 36902162 PMCID: PMC10002786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore effects of Fusobacterium nucleatum with or without apelin on periodontal ligament (PDL) cells to better understand pathomechanistic links between periodontitis and obesity. First, the actions of F. nucleatum on COX2, CCL2, and MMP1 expressions were assessed. Subsequently, PDL cells were incubated with F. nucleatum in the presence and absence of apelin to study the modulatory effects of this adipokine on molecules related to inflammation and hard and soft tissue turnover. Regulation of apelin and its receptor (APJ) by F. nucleatum was also studied. F. nucleatum resulted in elevated COX2, CCL2, and MMP1 expressions in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Combination of F. nucleatum and apelin led to the highest (p < 0.05) expression levels of COX2, CCL2, CXCL8, TNF-α, and MMP1 at 48 h. The effects of F. nucleatum and/or apelin on CCL2 and MMP1 were MEK1/2- and partially NF-κB-dependent. The combined effects of F. nucleatum and apelin on CCL2 and MMP1 were also observed at protein level. Moreover, F. nucleatum downregulated (p < 0.05) the apelin and APJ expressions. In conclusion, obesity could contribute to periodontitis through apelin. The local production of apelin/APJ in PDL cells also suggests a role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cores Ziskoven
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andressa V. B. Nogueira
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0-6131-17-7091
| | - Lorena S. Gutierrez
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil
| | - Jens Weusmann
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Turkey
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Chen X, Han D, Wang X, Huang X, Huang Z, Liu Y, Zhong J, Walther FJ, Yang C, Wagenaar GTM. Vascular and pulmonary effects of ibuprofen on neonatal lung development. Respir Res 2023; 24:39. [PMID: 36732726 PMCID: PMC9893598 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is commonly used to stimulate closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in very premature infants and may lead to aberrant neonatal lung development and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). METHODS We investigated the effect of ibuprofen on angiogenesis in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the therapeutic potential of daily treatment with 50 mg/kg of ibuprofen injected subcutaneously in neonatal Wistar rat pups with severe hyperoxia-induced experimental BPD. Parameters investigated included growth, survival, lung histopathology and mRNA expression. RESULTS Ibuprofen inhibited angiogenesis in HUVECs, as shown by reduced tube formation, migration and cell proliferation via inhibition of the cell cycle S-phase and promotion of apoptosis. Treatment of newborn rat pups with ibuprofen reduced pulmonary vessel density in the developing lung, but also attenuated experimental BPD by reducing lung inflammation, alveolar enlargement, alveolar septum thickness and small arteriolar wall thickening. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, ibuprofen has dual effects on lung development: adverse effects on angiogenesis and beneficial effects on alveolarization and inflammation. Therefore, extrapolation of the beneficial effects of ibuprofen to premature infants with BPD should be done with extreme caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Chen
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Laboratory of Neonatology, Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongshan Han
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Laboratory of Neonatology, Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Laboratory of Neonatology, Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuemei Huang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Laboratory of Neonatology, Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zilu Huang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Laboratory of Neonatology, Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Laboratory of Neonatology, Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junyan Zhong
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Laboratory of Neonatology, Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Frans J. Walther
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.513199.6Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Chuanzhong Yang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Laboratory of Neonatology, Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gerry T. M. Wagenaar
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vichare R, Saleem F, Mansour H, Bojkovic K, Cheng F, Biswal M, Panguluri SK. Impact of age and sex on hyperoxia-induced cardiovascular pathophysiology. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 208:111727. [PMID: 36075315 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperoxia is characterized by pronounced inflammatory responses, pulmonary cell apoptosis, and adverse cardiac remodeling due to an excess supply of oxygen. Hyperoxic episodes are frequent in mechanically ventilated patients and are associated with in-hospital mortality. This study extends the analysis of prior published research by our group as it investigates the influence of age in male and female rodents exposed to hyperoxic conditions. Age is an independent cardiovascular risk factor, often compounded by variables like obesity, diabetes, and a decline in sex hormones and their receptors. This study simulates clinical hyperoxia by subjecting rodents to > 90 % of oxygen for 72 h and compares the changes in cardiac structural and functional parameters with those exposed to normal air. While in both sexes conduction abnormalities with ageing were discernible, aged females owing to their inherent higher baseline QTc, were at a higher risk of developing arrhythmias as compared to age-matched males. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis reflected altered expression of cardiac potassium channels, resulting in conduction abnormalities in aged female rodents. Unaffected by age and sex, hyperoxia-treated mice had altered body composition, as evidenced by a considerable reduction in body weight. Interestingly, compensatory hypertrophy observed as a protective mechanism in young males was absent in aged males, whereas protection of hearts from hyperoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy was absent in aged female mice, both of which may be at least in part due to a reduction in sex steroid receptors and the systemic steroid levels. Finally, statistical analysis revealed that hyperoxia had the greatest impact on most of the cardiac parameters, followed by age and then sex. This data established an imperative finding that can change the provision of care for aged individuals admitted to ICU by elucidating the impact of intrinsic aging on hyperoxia-induced cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Vichare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Faizan Saleem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hussein Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Katarina Bojkovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Manas Biswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA; College of Medicine Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Siva Kumar Panguluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Wang X, Zhang L, Li P, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Ji S. Apelin/APJ system in inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wang H, Cong L, Yin X, Zhang N, Zhu M, Sun T, Fan J, Xue F, Fan X, Gong Y. The Apelin-APJ axis alleviates LPS-induced pulmonary fibrosis and endothelial mesenchymal transformation in mice by promoting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2. Cell Signal 2022; 98:110418. [PMID: 35882286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic alterations resulting from abnormal tissue repair after lung injury are responsible for the high mortality observed after acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis has been widely concerned. The Apelin-APJ axis plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases and organ fibrosis. However, its underlying mechanism remains to be further studied. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of apelin-APJ axis is related to the activation of angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). Here, we found that exogenous activation of the Apelin-APJ axis alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. In vitro studies revealed that Apelin-13 inhibited LPS-induced endothelial mesenchymal transition in lung microvascular endothelial cells, whereas [Ala13]-Apelin-13 (Apelin-APJ axis inhibitor) accelerated LPS-induced endothelial interstitial transformation in lung microvascular endothelial cells. Notably, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitor blocks the beneficial effect of the Apelin-APJ axis activation on LPS-induced pulmonary fibrosis. This finding suggests that the Apelin-APJ axis inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by activating ACE2. Simultaneously, accumulating evidence suggests that ubiquitination may contribute to pulmonary fibrosis. Our study found that LPS increased the ubiquitination of ACE2 protein, whereas Apelin-13 inhibited it. In conclusion, exogenous activation of the Apelin-APJ axis improves LPS-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and may be a viable therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linjing Cong
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianghong Yin
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junming Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Perinatal Hyperoxia and Developmental Consequences on the Lung-Brain Axis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5784146. [PMID: 35251477 PMCID: PMC8894035 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5784146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 11.1% of all newborns worldwide are born preterm. Improved neonatal intensive care significantly increased survival rates over the last decades but failed to reduce the risk for the development of chronic lung disease (i.e., bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)) and impaired neurodevelopment (i.e., encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP)), two major long-term sequelae of prematurity. Premature infants are exposed to relative hyperoxia, when compared to physiological in-utero conditions and, if needed to additional therapeutic oxygen supplementation. Both are associated with an increased risk for impaired organ development. Since the detrimental effects of hyperoxia on the immature retina are known for many years, lung and brain have come into focus in the last decade. Hyperoxia-induced excessive production of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to pulmonary growth restriction and abnormal neurodevelopment, including myelination deficits. Despite a large body of studies, which unraveled important pathophysiological mechanisms for both organs at risk, the majority focused exclusively either on lung or on brain injury. However, considering that preterm infants suffering from BPD are at higher risk for poor neurodevelopmental outcome, an interaction between both organs seems plausible. This review summarizes recent findings regarding mechanisms of hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung and brain injury. We will discuss common pathophysiological pathways, which potentially link both injured organ systems. Furthermore, promises and needs of currently suggested therapies, including pharmacological and regenerative cell-based treatments for BPD and EoP, will be emphasized. Limited therapeutic approaches highlight the urgent need for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying detrimental effects of hyperoxia on the lung-brain axis in order to pave the way for the development of novel multimodal therapies, ideally targeting both severe preterm birth-associated complications.
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Wu H, Xia C, Li R, Tao C, Tang Q, Hu W. Correlation Between Apelin and Collateral Circulation in Patients with Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Moyamoya Disease. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:699-709. [PMID: 35082519 PMCID: PMC8784270 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s341015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a unique cerebrovascular occlusive disease with abnormal vascular hyperplasia, which causes cerebrovascular accidents like intracranial arteriosclerosis. This study aimed to explore whether plasma apelin levels are related to good collateral circulation in ischemic diseases, which may be higher in patients with MMD than middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion or healthy controls, and may have a connection with the MMD grades. Methods We recruited 68 MMD patients and 25 MCA occlusion patients diagnosed by angiography, including 29 patients without cerebrovascular problems as controls. We examined the plasma apelin, serum nitric oxide (NO), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels of all subjects by ELISA kit. We compared the relationship between apelin, NO, and VEGF in the blood of three groups, to explore the relationship. We also investigated whether the plasma apelin-13, apelin-17, and apelin-36 levels correlate with the MMD classification. Results Univariate analyses indicated that the MMD group had the higher plasma apelin-13, apelin-17, apelin-36, and serum NO levels than the MCA occlusion and healthy control groups. Binary logistic regression analyses further showed that the apelin-13 level was substantially higher in MMD patients than in MCA occlusion patients. Patients with MMD were significantly younger than patients with MCA occlusion by their mean ages. Linear regression analyses were performed to compare apelin levels between different grades of the patients with MMD. Apelin-13, apelin-17, and apelin-36 levels increased with the gradual increase of compensation grades level independent of NO and VEGF. Apelin-13 and apelin-36 showed a positive effect on the compensation scores in MMD. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that apelin-13 was significantly increased in patients with MMD than patients with MCA occlusion independent of NO and VEGF. Moreover, plasma apelin-13, apelin-17, and apelin-36 levels increase with the grades of MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Wu
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunrong Tao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiqiang Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wei Hu; Qiqiang Tang Email ;
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Exploring the Pleiotropic Genes and Therapeutic Targets Associated with Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease by Integrating metaCCA and SGLT2 Inhibitors' Target Prediction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4229194. [PMID: 34540994 PMCID: PMC8443964 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4229194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have common genetic mechanisms, overlapping pathophysiological pathways, and therapeutic drug—sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Methods The genetic pleiotropy metaCCA method was applied on summary statistics data from two independent meta-analyses of GWAS comprising more than 1 million people to identify shared variants and pleiotropic effects between HF and CKD. Targets of SGLT2 inhibitors were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction and DrugBank databases. To refine all genes, we performed using versatile gene-based association study 2 (VEGAS2) and transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) for HF and CKD, respectively. Gene enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses were used to explore the potential functional significance of the identified genes and targets. Results After metaCCA analysis, 4,624 SNPs and 1,745 genes were identified to be potentially pleiotropic in the univariate and multivariate SNP-multivariate phenotype analyses, respectively. 21 common genes were detected in both metaCCA and SGLT2 inhibitors' target prediction. In addition, 169 putative pleiotropic genes were identified, which met the significance threshold both in metaCCA analysis and in the VEGAS2 or TWAS analysis for at least one disease. Conclusion We identified novel variants associated with HF and CKD using effectively incorporating information from different GWAS datasets. Our analysis may provide new insights into HF and CKD therapeutic approaches based on the pleiotropic genes, common targets, and mechanisms by integrating the metaCCA method, TWAS and VEGAS2 analyses, and target prediction of SGLT2 inhibitors.
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11
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Grimm SL, Dong X, Zhang Y, Carisey AF, Arnold AP, Moorthy B, Coarfa C, Lingappan K. Effect of sex chromosomes versus hormones in neonatal lung injury. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e146863. [PMID: 34061778 PMCID: PMC8410054 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The main mechanisms underlying sexually dimorphic outcomes in neonatal lung injury are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that hormone- or sex chromosome–mediated mechanisms interact with hyperoxia exposure to impact injury and repair in the neonatal lung. To distinguish sex differences caused by gonadal hormones versus sex chromosome complement (XX versus XY), we used the Four Core Genotypes (FCG) mice and exposed them to hyperoxia (95% FiO2, P1–P4: saccular stage) or room air. This model generates XX and XY mice that each have either testes (with Sry, XXM, or XYM) or ovaries (without Sry, XXF, or XYF). Lung alveolarization and vascular development were more severely impacted in XYM and XYF compared with XXF and XXM mice. Cell cycle–related pathways were enriched in the gonadal or chromosomal females, while muscle-related pathways were enriched in the gonadal males, and immune-response–related pathways were enriched in chromosomal males. Female gene signatures showed a negative correlation with human patients who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or needed oxygen therapy at 28 days. These results demonstrate that chromosomal sex — and not gonadal sex — impacted the response to neonatal hyperoxia exposure. The female sex chromosomal complement was protective and could mediate sex-specific differences in the neonatal lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Grimm
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department.,Center for Precision Environmental Health, and
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexandre F Carisey
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Arthur P Arnold
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bhagavatula Moorthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department.,Center for Precision Environmental Health, and.,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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12
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Mohseni F, Garmabi B, Khaksari M. Apelin-13 attenuates spatial memory impairment by anti-oxidative, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory mechanism against ethanol neurotoxicity in the neonatal rat hippocampus. Neuropeptides 2021; 87:102130. [PMID: 33640615 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that alcohol consumption by pregnant women can have detrimental effects on the developing fetus and lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Exposure to alcohol in rat pups during this period causes long-term changes in the structure of the animal's hippocampus, leading to impaired hippocampal-related brain functions such as navigation tasks and spatial memory. Apelin-13, a principal neuropeptide with inhibitory effects on neuroinflammation and brain oxidative stress production, has beneficial properties on memory impairment and neuronal injury. The protective effects of apelin-13 have been evaluated on ethanol-related neurotoxicity in the hippocampus of rat pups. Rat pups from 2 until 10 postnatal day, similar to the third trimester of pregnancy in humans, were intubated total daily dose of ethanol (5/27 g/kg/day). Immediately after intubation, 25 and 50 μg/ kg of apelin-13 was injected subcutaneously. By using Morris water maze task, the hippocampus- dependent memory and spatial learning were evaluated 36 days after birth. Then, Immunohistochemical staining was done to determine the levels of GFAP and caspase-3. ELISA assay was also performed to measure both TNF-α and antioxidant enzymes levels. The current study demonstrates that administration of apelin-13 attenuates spatial memory impairment significantly (P < 0.001). After ethanol neurotoxicity, apelin-13 could also increase the catalase level (P < 0.001), activity of total superoxide dismutase as well as glutathione concentration noticeably (P < 0.05). Other impacts of it could be mentioned as attenuating TNF-α production and also preventing lipid peroxidation (P < 0.001). In addition, the results showed that the level of GFAP as a neuroinflammation factor and the number of active caspase-3 positive cells can be decreased by apelin-13 (P < 0.01). Regarding the protective effects of apelin-13 against ethanol-induced neurotoxicity, it is a promising therapeutic choice for FASD; but more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Mohseni
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Behzad Garmabi
- Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaksari
- Addiction Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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13
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Rodgers JL, Vanthenapalli S, Panguluri SK. Electrical remodeling and cardiotoxicity precedes structural and functional remodeling of mouse hearts under hyperoxia treatment. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4482-4495. [PMID: 33230829 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Clinical reports suggest a high incidence of ICU mortality with the use of hyperoxia during mechanical ventilation in patients. Our laboratory is pioneer in studying effect of hyperoxia on cardiac pathophysiology. In this study for the first time, we are reporting the sequence of cardiac pathophysiological events in mice under hyperoxic conditions in time-dependent manner. C57BL/6J male mice, aged 8-10 weeks, were treated with either normal air or >90% oxygen for 24, 48, and 72 h. Following normal air or hyperoxia treatment, physical, biochemical, functional, electrical, and molecular parameters were analyzed. Our data showed that significant reduction of body weight observed as early as 24 h hyperoxia treatment, whereas, no significant changes in heart weight until 72 h. Although we do not see any fibrosis in these hearts, but observed significant increase in cardiomyocyte size with hyperoxia treatment in time-dependent manner. Our data also demonstrated that arrhythmias were present in mice at 24 h hyperoxia, and worsened comparatively after 48 and 72 h. Echocardiogram data confirmed cardiac dysfunction in time-dependent manner. Dysregulation of ion channels such as Kv4.2 and KChIP2; and serum cardiac markers confirmed that hyperoxia-induced effects worsen with each time point. From these observations, it is evident that electrical remodeling precedes structural remodeling, both of which gets worse with length of hyperoxia exposure, therefore shorter periods of hyperoxia exposure is always beneficial for better outcome in ICU/critical care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Rodgers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Sahit Vanthenapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Siva K Panguluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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14
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Xia F, Chen H, Jin Z, Fu Z. Apelin-13 protects the lungs from ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating inflammatory and oxidative stress. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:685-694. [PMID: 33025833 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120961436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Apelin has been reported to regulate mitochondrial function in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the role of apelin-13 in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) remains unclear. This study established an experimental rat model to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of apelin-13 on LIRI. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided to sham operation group (group SM), ischemia/reperfusion group (group IR), and apelin-13 treatment group (group APL). The effects of apelin-13 on LIRI were determined histologically using H&E staining, while the wet/dry weight ratio was used to assess lung edema caused by LIRI. Inflammatory cytokines were also detected in Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid by ELISA. The protein expression of UCP2 and the morphological changes of mitochondria were determined by western blotting and electromicroscopy, respectively. The results demonstrated the structural damage of lung tissues and lung edema in group IR. An increased level of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was observed in rats with LIRI using ELISA. After that, oxidative stress and morphological damage of mitochondria were also shown in group IR. Yet, the application of apelin-13 reversed all these deleterious effects in group APL. The protective effects of apelin-13 were indicated by decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevated UCP2 expression levels in rats. In conclusion, this study revealed that apelin-13 had protective effects against LIRI via attenuating lung edema, the production of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Xia
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, 12589Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, 89657The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, 89657The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Z Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, 89657The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Z Fu
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, 12589Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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15
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Single cell transcriptomic analysis of murine lung development on hyperoxia-induced damage. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1565. [PMID: 33692365 PMCID: PMC7946947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During late lung development, alveolar and microvascular development is finalized to enable sufficient gas exchange. Impaired late lung development manifests as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows for assessment of complex cellular dynamics during biological processes, such as development. Here, we use MULTI-seq to generate scRNA-seq profiles of over 66,000 cells from 36 mice during normal or impaired lung development secondary to hyperoxia with validation of some of the findings in lungs from BPD patients. We observe dynamic populations of cells, including several rare cell types and putative progenitors. Hyperoxia exposure, which mimics the BPD phenotype, alters the composition of all cellular compartments, particularly alveolar epithelium, stromal fibroblasts, capillary endothelium and macrophage populations. Pathway analysis and predicted dynamic cellular crosstalk suggest inflammatory signaling as the main driver of hyperoxia-induced changes. Our data provides a single-cell view of cellular changes associated with late lung development in health and disease.
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16
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Mazzoccoli G, Kvetnoy I, Mironova E, Yablonskiy P, Sokolovich E, Krylova J, Carbone A, Anderson G, Polyakova V. The melatonergic pathway and its interactions in modulating respiratory system disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111397. [PMID: 33761613 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a key intracellular neuroimmune-endocrine regulator and coordinator of multiple complex and interrelated biological processes. The main functions of melatonin include the regulation of neuroendocrine and antioxidant system activity, blood pressure, rhythms of the sleep-wake cycle, the retardation of ageing processes, as well as reseting and optimizing mitochondria and thereby the cells of the immune system. Melatonin and its agonists have therefore been mooted as a treatment option across a wide array of medical disorders. This article reviews the role of melatonin in the regulation of respiratory system functions under normal and pathological conditions. Melatonin can normalize the structural and functional organization of damaged lung tissues, by a number of mechanisms, including the regulation of signaling molecules, oxidant status, lipid raft function, optimized mitochondrial function and reseting of the immune response over the circadian rhythm. Consequently, melatonin has potential clinical utility for bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, lung vascular diseases, as well as pulmonary and viral infections. The integration of melatonin's effects with the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the regulation of mitochondrial function are proposed as a wider framework for understanding the role of melatonin across a wide array of diverse pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy.
| | - Igor Kvetnoy
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Lygovsky Ave. 2-4, Saint Petersburg 191036, Russian Federation; Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, University Embankment, 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Mironova
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dynamo Ave., 3, Saint Petersburg 197110, Russian Federation
| | - Petr Yablonskiy
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Lygovsky Ave. 2-4, Saint Petersburg 191036, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenii Sokolovich
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Lygovsky Ave. 2-4, Saint Petersburg 191036, Russian Federation
| | - Julia Krylova
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Lygovsky Ave. 2-4, Saint Petersburg 191036, Russian Federation; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Lev Tolstoy str. 6-8, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russian Federation
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | | | - Victoria Polyakova
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Lygovsky Ave. 2-4, Saint Petersburg 191036, Russian Federation; St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Litovskaia str. 2, Saint-Petersburg 194100, Russian Federation
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17
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Mehrabadi ME, Hemmati R, Tashakor A, Homaei A, Yousefzadeh M, Hemati K, Hosseinkhani S. Induced dysregulation of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 plays a key role in COVID-19 severity. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111363. [PMID: 33582450 PMCID: PMC7862910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19, is reported to increase the rate of mortality worldwide. COVID-19 is associated with acute respiratory symptoms as well as blood coagulation in the vessels (thrombosis), heart attack and stroke. Given the requirement of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, here we discuss how the downregulation of ACE2 in the COVID-19 patients and virus-induced shift in ACE2 catalytic equilibrium, change the concentrations of substrates such as angiotensin II, apelin-13, dynorphin-13, and products such as angiotensin (1–7), angiotensin (1–9), apelin-12, dynorphin-12 in the human body. Substrates accumulation ultimately induces inflammation, angiogenesis, thrombosis, neuronal and tissue damage while diminished products lead to the loss of the anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and anti-angiogenic responses. In this review, we focus on the viral-induced imbalance between ACE2 substrates and products which exacerbates the severity of COVID-19. Considering the roadmap, we propose multiple therapeutic strategies aiming to rebalance the products of ACE2 and to ameliorate the symptoms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roohullah Hemmati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Sharekord, Iran; Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; COVID-19 research group, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Univesity, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Amin Tashakor
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Karim Hemati
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Lou ZL, Zhang CX, Li JF, Chen RH, Wu WJ, Hu XF, Shi HC, Gao WY, Zhao QF. Apelin/APJ-Manipulated CaMKK/AMPK/GSK3 β Signaling Works as an Endogenous Counterinjury Mechanism in Promoting the Vitality of Random-Pattern Skin Flaps. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8836058. [PMID: 33574981 PMCID: PMC7857910 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8836058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A random-pattern skin flap plays an important role in the field of wound repair; the mechanisms that influence the survival of random-pattern skin flaps have been extensively studied but little attention has been paid to endogenous counterinjury substances and mechanism. Previous reports reveal that the apelin-APJ axis is an endogenous counterinjury mechanism that has considerable function in protecting against infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, necrosis, and apoptosis in various organs. As an in vivo study, our study proved that the apelin/APJ axis protected the skin flap by alleviating vascular oxidative stress and the apelin/APJ axis works as an antioxidant stress factor dependent on CaMKK/AMPK/GSK3β signaling. In addition, the apelin/APJ-manipulated CaMKK/AMPK/GSK3β-dependent mechanism improves HUVECs' resistance to oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R), reduces ROS production and accumulation, maintained the normal mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppresses oxidative stress in vitro. Besides, activation of the apelin/APJ axis promotes vascular migration and angiogenesis under relative hypoxia condition through CaMKK/AMPK/GSK3β signaling. In a word, we provide new evidence that the apelin/APJ axis is an effective antioxidant and can significantly improve the vitality of random flaps, so it has potential be a promising clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ling Lou
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zhang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jia-Feng Li
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Rui-Heng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wei-Jia Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hao-Chun Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wei-Yang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qi-Feng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Mendelian randomization and experimental IUGR reveal the adverse effect of low birth weight on lung structure and function. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22395. [PMID: 33372189 PMCID: PMC7769986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birth weigth (LBW) are risk factors for neonatal chronic lung disease. However, maternal and fetal genetic factors and the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the relationship between LBW and lung function with Mendelian randomisation analyses and studied angiogenesis in a low protein diet rat model of IUGR. Our data indicate a possible association between LBW and reduced FEV1 (p = 5.69E−18, MR-PRESSO) and FVC (6.02E-22, MR-PRESSO). Complimentary, we demonstrated two-phased perinatal programming after IUGR. The intrauterine phase (embryonic day 21) is earmarked by a reduction of endothelial cell markers (e.g. CD31) as well as mRNA expression of angiogenic factors (e.g., Vegfa, Flt1, Klf4). Protein analysis identified an activation of anti-angiogenic mTOR effectors. In the postnatal phase, lung capillaries (< 20 µm) were significantly reduced, expression of CD31 and VE-Cadherin were unaffected, whereas SMAD1/5/8 signaling and Klf4 protein were increased (p < 0.01). Moreover, elevated proteolytic activity of MMP2 and MMP9 was linked to a 50% reduction of lung elastic fibres. In conclusion, we show a possible link of LBW in humans and reduced lung function in adulthood. Experimental IUGR identifies an intrauterine phase with inhibition of angiogenic signaling, and a postnatal phase with proteolytic activity and reduced elastic fibres.
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20
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Tilburg J, Coenen DM, Zirka G, Dólleman S, van Oeveren‐Rietdijk AM, Karel MFA, de Boer HC, Cosemans JMEM, Versteeg HH, Morange PE, van Vlijmen BJM, Maracle CX, Thomas GM. SLC44A2 deficient mice have a reduced response in stenosis but not in hypercoagulability driven venous thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:1714-1727. [PMID: 32297475 PMCID: PMC7383581 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome wide association studies (GWAS) identified SLC44A2 as a novel susceptibility gene for venous thrombosis (VT) and previous work established that SLC44A2 contributed to clot formation upon vascular injury. OBJECTIVE To further investigate the role of SLC44A2 in VT by utilizing SLC44A2 deficient mice (Slc44a2-/- ) in two representative disease models. METHODS Mice were included in a hypercoagulability model driven by siRNA-mediated hepatic gene silencing of anticoagulants Serpinc1 (antithrombin) and Proc (protein C) and a flow restriction (stenosis) model induced by partial ligation of the inferior vena cava. RESULTS In the hypercoagulability model, no effect in onset was observed in Slc44a2-/- animals; however, a drop in plasma fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor coinciding with an increase in blood neutrophils was recorded. In the neutrophil dependent stenosis model after 48 hours, Slc44a2-/- mice had significantly smaller thrombi both in length and weight with less platelet accumulation as a percentage of the total thrombus area. During the initiation of thrombosis at 6 hours post-stenosis, Slc44a2-/- mice also had smaller thrombi both in length and weight, with circulating platelets remaining elevated in Slc44a2-/- animals. Platelet activation and aggregation under both static- and venous and arterial shear conditions were normal for blood from Slc44a2-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS These studies corroborate the original GWAS findings and establish a contributing role for SLC44A2 during the initiation of VT, with indications that this may be related to platelet-neutrophil interaction. The precise mechanism however remains elusive and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tilburg
- Division of Thrombosis and HemostasisDepartment of Internal MedicineEinthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle M. Coenen
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Gaia Zirka
- Aix‐Marseille UnivINSERMINRAC2VNMarseilleFrance
| | - Sophie Dólleman
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEinthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M. van Oeveren‐Rietdijk
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEinthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Mieke F. A. Karel
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Hetty C. de Boer
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEinthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Judith M. E. M. Cosemans
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Henri H. Versteeg
- Division of Thrombosis and HemostasisDepartment of Internal MedicineEinthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Pierre E. Morange
- Aix‐Marseille UnivINSERMINRAC2VNMarseilleFrance
- APHMCHU de la TimoneLaboratoire d’hématologieMarseilleFrance
| | - Bart J. M. van Vlijmen
- Division of Thrombosis and HemostasisDepartment of Internal MedicineEinthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Chrissta X. Maracle
- Division of Thrombosis and HemostasisDepartment of Internal MedicineEinthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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Sudhadevi T, Ha AW, Ebenezer DL, Fu P, Putherickal V, Natarajan V, Harijith A. Advancements in understanding the role of lysophospholipids and their receptors in lung disorders including bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158685. [PMID: 32169655 PMCID: PMC7206974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a devastating chronic neonatal lung disease leading to serious adverse consequences. Nearly 15 million babies are born preterm accounting for >1 in 10 births globally. The aetiology of BPD is multifactorial and the survivors suffer lifelong respiratory morbidity. Lysophospholipids (LPL), which include sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are both naturally occurring bioactive lipids involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as cell survival, death, proliferation, migration, immune responses and vascular development. Altered LPL levels have been observed in a number of lung diseases including BPD, which underscores the importance of these signalling lipids under normal and pathophysiological situations. Due to the paucity of information related to LPLs in BPD, most of the ideas related to BPD and LPL are speculative. This article is intended to promote discussion and generate hypotheses, in addition to the limited review of information related to BPD already established in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Sudhadevi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Alison W Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - David L Ebenezer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Vijay Putherickal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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Kumar S, Hirani T, Patel V, Hirani S, Mohammed I, Shishoo D. Expression of apelin among the individuals of chronic periodontitis, with and without type ii diabetes mellitus: A study using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ADVANCES IN HUMAN BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_84_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Read C, Nyimanu D, Williams TL, Huggins DJ, Sulentic P, Macrae RGC, Yang P, Glen RC, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CVII. Structure and Pharmacology of the Apelin Receptor with a Recommendation that Elabela/Toddler Is a Second Endogenous Peptide Ligand. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:467-502. [PMID: 31492821 PMCID: PMC6731456 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.017533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The predicted protein encoded by the APJ gene discovered in 1993 was originally classified as a class A G protein-coupled orphan receptor but was subsequently paired with a novel peptide ligand, apelin-36 in 1998. Substantial research identified a family of shorter peptides activating the apelin receptor, including apelin-17, apelin-13, and [Pyr1]apelin-13, with the latter peptide predominating in human plasma and cardiovascular system. A range of pharmacological tools have been developed, including radiolabeled ligands, analogs with improved plasma stability, peptides, and small molecules including biased agonists and antagonists, leading to the recommendation that the APJ gene be renamed APLNR and encode the apelin receptor protein. Recently, a second endogenous ligand has been identified and called Elabela/Toddler, a 54-amino acid peptide originally identified in the genomes of fish and humans but misclassified as noncoding. This precursor is also able to be cleaved to shorter sequences (32, 21, and 11 amino acids), and all are able to activate the apelin receptor and are blocked by apelin receptor antagonists. This review summarizes the pharmacology of these ligands and the apelin receptor, highlights the emerging physiologic and pathophysiological roles in a number of diseases, and recommends that Elabela/Toddler is a second endogenous peptide ligand of the apelin receptor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Read
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Duuamene Nyimanu
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Thomas L Williams
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - David J Huggins
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Petra Sulentic
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Robyn G C Macrae
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Peiran Yang
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Robert C Glen
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
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Melatonin prevents lung injury by regulating apelin 13 to improve mitochondrial dysfunction. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-12. [PMID: 31273199 PMCID: PMC6802616 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive disease characterized by epithelial cell damage, fibroblast proliferation, excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and lung tissue scarring. Melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, plays an important role in multiple physiological and pathological responses in organisms. However, the function of melatonin in the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury is poorly understood. In the present study, we found that melatonin significantly decreased mortality and restored the function of the alveolar epithelium in bleomycin-treated mice. However, pulmonary function mainly depends on type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) and is linked to mitochondrial integrity. We also found that melatonin reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevented apoptosis and senescence in AECIIs. Luzindole, a nonselective melatonin receptor antagonist, blocked the protective action of melatonin. Interestingly, we found that the expression of apelin 13 was significantly downregulated in vitro and in vivo and that this downregulation was reversed by melatonin. Furthermore, ML221, an apelin inhibitor, disrupted the beneficial effects of melatonin on alveolar epithelial cells. Taken together, these results suggest that melatonin alleviates lung injury through regulating apelin 13 to improve mitochondrial dysfunction in the process of bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury. The hormone melatonin could protect lung cells from the damage associated with respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. Several studies have linked such damage with abnormal activity of the mitochondria, with these essential metabolic organelles churning out damaging ‘reactive oxygen species’ (ROS), compounds that induce premature cell aging and death. Melatonin can mitigate ROS production, and researchers led by Haihai Liang at China’s Harbin Medical University have demonstrated that it can prevent injury to airway epithelial cells in a mouse model of lung disease. Melatonin treatment countered much of the damage, resulting in significantly longer survival, and the team identified a target molecule in the mitochondria that may be responsible for this effect. This approach could offer hope for a family of diseases with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options.
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25
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Greco F, Wiegert S, Baumann P, Wellmann S, Pellegrini G, Cannizzaro V. Hyperoxia-induced lung structure-function relation, vessel rarefaction, and cardiac hypertrophy in an infant rat model. J Transl Med 2019; 17:91. [PMID: 30885241 PMCID: PMC6423834 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) models are essential for better understanding and impacting on long-term pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neurological sequelae of this chronic disease. Only few experimental studies have systematically compared structural alterations with lung function measurements. METHODS In three separate and consecutive series, Sprague-Dawley infant rats were exposed from day of life (DOL) 1 to 19 to either room air (0.21; controls) or to fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0. Our primary outcome parameters were histopathologic analyses of heart, lungs, and respiratory system mechanics, assessed via image analysis tools and the forced oscillation technique, respectively. RESULTS Exposure to FiO2 of 0.8 and 1.0 resulted in significantly lower body weights and elevated coefficients of lung tissue damping (G) and elastance (H) when compared with controls. Hysteresivity (η) was lower due to a more pronounced increase of H when compared with G. A positive structure-function relation was demonstrated between H and the lung parenchymal content of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) under hyperoxic conditions. Moreover, histology and morphometric analyses revealed alveolar simplification, fewer pulmonary arterioles, increased α-SMA content in pulmonary vessels, and right heart hypertrophy following hyperoxia. Also, in comparison to controls, hyperoxia resulted in significantly lower plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Lastly, rats in hyperoxia showed hyperactive and a more explorative behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Our in vivo infant rat model mimics clinical key features of BPD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first BPD rat model demonstrating an association between lung structure and function. Moreover, we provide additional evidence that infant rats subjected to hyperoxia develop rarefaction of pulmonary vessels, augmented vascular α-SMA, and adaptive cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, our model provides a clinically relevant tool to further investigate diseases related to O2 toxicity and to evaluate novel pharmacological treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Greco
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wiegert
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Baumann
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Wellmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Present Address: Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo Cannizzaro
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Cheng J, Luo X, Huang Z, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: A potential therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction‐related diseases. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12149-12160. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Xuling Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
- Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
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Tilburg J, Adili R, Nair TS, Hawley ME, Tuk DC, Jackson M, Spronk HM, Versteeg HH, Carey TE, van Vlijmen BJM, Maracle CX, Holinstat M. Characterization of hemostasis in mice lacking the novel thrombosis susceptibility gene Slc44a2. Thromb Res 2018; 171:155-159. [PMID: 30312801 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent genome wide association studies (GWAS) identified a novel susceptibility locus for thrombosis, harbouring the SLC44A2 gene which encodes the Solute Carrier Family 44 Member 2 protein (SLC44A2). Thus far, SLC44A2 has not been studied in the context of thrombosis, and may be a unique contributor to thrombotic disease. Here we utilize mice lacking SLC44A2 (Slc44a2-/-) to evaluate a possible role of SLC44A2 in hemostasis. METHODS Slc44a2-/- mice were evaluated in key aspects of normal hemostasis including a challenge of vascular damage by applying laser induced injury to the cremaster muscle arteriole. RESULTS Slc44a2-/- mice had comparable levels of thrombin generation and gene expression of coagulation related genes, as compared to littermate wild type controls. Lower levels of circulating plasma Von Willebrand factor (VWF) were measured in Slc44a2-/- mice, while no difference in VWF multimerization or vascular localization was detected. Upon in vivo laser injury of the cremaster arterioles, we detected an impairment of clot formation for Slc44a2-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Although mice lacking SLC44A2 are normal for several hemostasis parameters, we do observe a reduction of plasma VWF levels and an altered response upon vascular damage, which suggests that SLC44A2 contributes to hemostasis upon injury. These findings are in line with the reported GWAS data and support further research on SLC44A2 in thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tilburg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Reheman Adili
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thankam S Nair
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Megan E Hawley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David C Tuk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Madeline Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Henri M Spronk
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henri H Versteeg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chrissta X Maracle
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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28
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Yokoyama Y, Sekiguchi A, Fujiwara C, Uchiyama A, Uehara A, Ogino S, Torii R, Ishikawa O, Motegi SI. Inhibitory Regulation of Skin Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis by Apelin/APJ Signaling. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1661-1672. [PMID: 29676521 DOI: 10.1002/art.40533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apelin/APJ signaling has been determined to regulate cardiac and arterial fibrosis and to be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Our objective was to elucidate the role of apelin in skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS Expression of apelin/APJ in normal and SSc fibroblasts was compared. Effects of small interfering RNA depletion and the addition of apelin in fibroblasts were analyzed. The effect of apelin injections on bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis in mice was investigated. We analyzed the effects of the biased agonist of APJ, MM07, on skin fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The expression of apelin in SSc fibroblasts was significantly lower than that in normal fibroblasts. Serum apelin levels were negatively correlated with the modified Rodnan skin thickness score in SSc patients. Stimulation with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) inhibited apelin expression in fibroblasts, suggesting that activation of TGFβ1 signaling in SSc might be responsible for reduced apelin expression in SSc fibroblasts. Small interfering RNA depletion of apelin from fibroblasts significantly enhanced fibrosis-related gene expression, and treatment with apelin protein significantly inhibited TGFβ1 signaling in fibroblasts. Administration of apelin significantly inhibited bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis in mice. We demonstrated that MM07 had greater potential than apelin to inhibit fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Collectively, TGFβ1 signaling and apelin signaling may counteract each other in the fibrotic process of SSc. Inhibitory regulation of TGFβ1-induced skin fibrosis by apelin/APJ signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of SSc and could be a therapeutic target for fibrosis in SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yokoyama
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akiko Sekiguchi
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | | | - Akihito Uehara
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ogino
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ryoko Torii
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Masoumi J, Abbasloui M, Parvan R, Mohammadnejad D, Pavon-Djavid G, Barzegari A, Abdolalizadeh J. Apelin, a promising target for Alzheimer disease prevention and treatment. Neuropeptides 2018; 70:76-86. [PMID: 29807653 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with high outbreak rates. It is estimated that about 35 million individuals around the world suffered from dementia in 2010. AD is expected to increase twofold every 20 years and, by 2030, approximately 65 million people could suffer from this illness. AD is determined clinically by a cognitive impairment and pathologically by the production of amyloid beta (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles, toxic free radicals and inflammatory mediators in the brain. There is still no treatment to cure or even alter the progressive course of this disease; however, many new therapies are being investigated and are at various stages of clinical trials. Neuropeptides are signaling molecules used by neurons to communicate with each other. One of the important neuropeptides is apelin, which can be isolated from bovine stomach. Apelin and its receptor APJ have been shown to broadly disseminate in the neurons and oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system. Apelin-13 is known to be the predominant neuropeptide in neuroprotection. It is involved in the processes of memory and learning as well as the prevention of neuronal damage. Studies have shown that apelin can directly or indirectly prevent the production of Aβ and reduce its amounts by increasing its degradation. Phosphorylation and accumulation of tau protein may also be inhibited by apelin. Apelin is considered as an anti-inflammatory agent by preventing the production of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha. It has been shown that in vivo and in vitro anti-apoptotic effects of apelin have prevented the death of neurons. In this review, we describe the various functions of apelin associated with AD and present an integrated overview of recent findings that, in general, recommend apelin as a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of this ailment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Masoumi
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Abbasloui
- Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Parvan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Centre for Pharmaceotical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Donda K, Zambrano R, Moon Y, Percival J, Vaidya R, Dapaah-Siakwan F, Luo S, Duncan MR, Bao Y, Wang L, Qin L, Benny M, Young K, Wu S. Riociguat prevents hyperoxia-induced lung injury and pulmonary hypertension in neonatal rats without effects on long bone growth. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199927. [PMID: 29990355 PMCID: PMC6038999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common and serious chronic lung disease of premature infants. Severe BPD complicated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) increases the mortality of these infants. Riociguat is an allosteric soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator and is approved by the FDA for treating PH in adults. However, it has not been approved for use in neonates due to concern for adverse effects on long bone growth. To address this concern we investigated if administration of riociguat is beneficial in preventing hyperoxia-induced lung injury and PH without side effects on long bone growth in newborn rats. Newborn rats were randomized to normoxia (21% O2) or hyperoxia (85% O2) exposure groups within 24 hours of birth, and received riociguat or placebo by once daily intraperitoneal injections during continuous normoxia or hyperoxia exposure for 9 days. In the hyperoxia control group, radial alveolar count, mean linear intercept and vascular density were significantly decreased, the pathological hallmarks of BPD, and these were accompanied by an increased inflammatory response. There was also significantly elevated vascular muscularization of peripheral pulmonary vessels, right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy indicating PH. However, administration of riociguat significantly decreased lung inflammation, improved alveolar and vascular development, and decreased PH during hyperoxia by inducing cGMP production. Additionally, riociguat did not affect long bone growth or structure. These data indicate that riociguat is beneficial in preventing hyperoxia-induced lung injury and PH without affecting long bone growth and structure and hence, suggests riociguat may be a potential novel agent for preventing BPD and PH in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyur Donda
- Pediatrics and Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ronald Zambrano
- Pediatrics and Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Younghye Moon
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Justin Percival
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ruben Vaidya
- Pediatrics and Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Fredrick Dapaah-Siakwan
- Pediatrics and Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shihua Luo
- Pediatrics and Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Duncan
- Pediatrics and Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yong Bao
- Pediatrics and Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Luqing Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Merline Benny
- Pediatrics and Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Karen Young
- Pediatrics and Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shu Wu
- Pediatrics and Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Antushevich H, Wójcik M. Review: Apelin in disease. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 483:241-248. [PMID: 29750964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apelin, a regulatory peptide, is a ligand of the APJ receptor that belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family. Apelin and APJ are widely distributed in the body and play potential physiological roles in the cytoprotection of many internal organs. This review article summarizes information about the roles of the apelin/APJ system in neurological, metabolic, hypertension, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, kidney and cancerous diseases. It is suggested that apelin positively affects the treatment of non-cancerous diseases and may be considered as a therapeutic drug in many illnesses. However, in cancers, apelin appears as a tumour growth stimulator, and its suggested role is as a marker in the diagnosis of tumour cancers in tissues. In summary, apelin has certain therapeutic abilities and can be useful in the treatment of, e.g., insulin resistance, hypertension, etc., but it also can sometimes serve as a negative factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Antushevich
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Genetic Engineering, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Maciej Wójcik
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Genetic Engineering, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
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32
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Brun P, Qesari M, Marconi PC, Kotsafti A, Porzionato A, Macchi V, Schwendener RA, Scarpa M, Giron MC, Palù G, Calistri A, Castagliuolo I. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infects Enteric Neurons and Triggers Gut Dysfunction via Macrophage Recruitment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:74. [PMID: 29600197 PMCID: PMC5862801 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1), a neurotropic pathogen widespread in human population, infects the enteric nervous system (ENS) in humans and rodents and causes intestinal neuromuscular dysfunction in rats. Although infiltration of inflammatory cells in the myenteric plexus and neurodegeneration of enteric nerves are common features of patients suffering from functional intestinal disorders, the proof of a pathogenic link with HSV-1 is still unsettled mainly because the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study we demonstrated that following intragastrical administration HSV-1 infects neurons within the myenteric plexus resulting in functional and structural alterations of the ENS. By infecting mice with HSV-1 replication-defective strain we revealed that gastrointestinal neuromuscular anomalies were however independent of viral replication. Indeed, enteric neurons exposed to UV-inactivated HSV-1 produced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) to recruit activated macrophages in the longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus. Infiltrating macrophages produced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and directly harmed enteric neurons resulting in gastrointestinal dysmotility. In HSV-1 infected mice intestinal neuromuscular dysfunctions were ameliorated by in vivo administration of (i) liposomes containing dichloromethylene bisphosphonic acid (clodronate) to deplete tissue macrophages, (ii) CCR2 chemokine receptor antagonist RS504393 to block the CCL2/CCR2 pathway, (iii) Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and AR-C 102222 to quench production of nitrogen reactive species produced via iNOS. Overall these data demonstrate that HSV-1 infection makes enteric neurons recruit macrophages via production of a specific chemoattractant factor. The resulting inflammatory reaction is mandatory for intestinal dysmotility. These findings provide insights into the neuro-immune communication that occurs in the ENS following HSV-1 infection and allow recognition of an original pathophysiologic mechanism underlying gastrointestinal diseases as well as identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marsela Qesari
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Peggy C Marconi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andromachi Kotsafti
- Esophageal and Digestive Tract Surgery Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Reto A Schwendener
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Scarpa
- Esophageal and Digestive Tract Surgery Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria C Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Arianna Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Miller CN, Dye JA, Schladweiler MC, Richards JH, Ledbetter AD, Stewart E, Kodavanti UP. Acute inhalation of ozone induces DNA methylation of apelin in lungs of Long-Evans rats. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:178-186. [PMID: 29947284 PMCID: PMC6681647 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1483984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin has cardiopulmonary protective properties that promote vasodilation and maintenance of the endothelial barrier. While reductions in apelin have been identified as a contributor to various lung diseases, including pulmonary edema, its role in the effect of air pollutants has not been examined. Thus, in the current study, we sought to investigate if apelin is a downstream target of inhaled ozone and if such change in expression is related to altered DNA methylation in the lung. Male, Long-Evans rats were exposed to filtered air or 1.0 ppm ozone for 4 h. Ventilation changes were assessed using whole-body plethysmography immediately following exposure, and markers of pulmonary edema and inflammation were assessed in the bronchoaveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The enzymatic regulators of DNA methylation were measured in the lung, along with methylation and hydroxymethylation of the apelin promoter. Data showed that ozone exposure was associated with increased enhanced pause and protein leakage in the BAL fluid. Ozone exposure reduced DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase (DNMT) activity and Dnmt3a/b gene expression. Exposure-induced upregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, indicative of DNA damage, repair, and maintenance methylation. Increased methylation and reduced hydroxymethylation were measured on the apelin promoter. These epigenetic modifications accompanied ozone-induced reduction of apelin expression and development of pulmonary edema. In conclusion, epigenetic regulation, specifically increased methylation of the apelin promoter downstream of DNA damage, may lead to reductions in protective signaling of the apelinergic system, contributing to the pulmonary edema observed following the exposure to oxidant air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette N. Miller
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Janice A. Dye
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mette C. Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Judy H. Richards
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Allen D. Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Erica Stewart
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Ünlü B, van Es N, Arindrarto W, Kiełbasa SM, Mei H, Westerga J, Middeldorp S, Kuppen PJK, Otten JMMB, Cannegieter S, Versteeg HH. Genes associated with venous thromboembolism in colorectal cancer patients. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:293-302. [PMID: 29247594 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Essentials The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms behind cancer-associated thrombosis are unknown. We compared expression profiles in tumor cells from patients with and without thrombosis. Tumors from patients with thrombosis showed significant differential gene expression profiles. Patients with thrombosis had a proinflammatory status and increased fibrin levels in the tumor. SUMMARY Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent complication in patients with cancer, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms behind cancer-associated thrombosis are still incompletely understood. Objectives To identify novel genes that are associated with VTE in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Twelve CRC patients with VTE were age-matched and sex-matched to 12 CRC patients without VTE. Tumor cells were isolated from surgical samples with laser capture microdissection approaches, and mRNA profiles were measured with next-generation RNA sequencing. Results This approach led to the identification of new genes and pathways that might contribute to VTE in CRC patients. Application of ingenuity pathway analysis indicated significant links with inflammation, the methionine degradation pathway, and increased platelet function, which are all key processes in thrombus formation. Tumor samples of patients with VTE had a proinflammatory status and contained higher levels of fibrin and fibrin degradation products than samples of those without VTE. Conclusion This case-control study provides a proof-of-principle that tumor gene expression can discriminate between cancer patients with low and high risks of VTE. These findings may help to further unravel the pathogenesis of cancer-related VTE. The identified genes could potentially be used as candidate biomarkers to select high-risk CRC patients for thromboprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ünlü
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - N van Es
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W Arindrarto
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - S M Kiełbasa
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H Mei
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Westerga
- Department of Pathology, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Middeldorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J M M B Otten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Cannegieter
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H H Versteeg
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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35
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Rodgers JL, Samal E, Mohapatra S, Panguluri SK. Hyperoxia-induced cardiotoxicity and ventricular remodeling in type-II diabetes mice. Heart Vessels 2017; 33:561-572. [PMID: 29209776 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-1100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperoxia, or supplemental oxygen, is regularly used in the clinical setting for critically ill patients in ICU. However, several recent studies have demonstrated the negative impact of this treatment in patients in critical care, including increased rates of lung and cardiac injury, as well as increased mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the predisposition for arrhythmias and electrical remodeling in a type 2 diabetic mouse model (db/db), as a result of hyperoxia treatment. For this, db/db and their heterozygous controls were treated with hyperoxia (> 90% oxygen) or normoxia (normal air) for 72-h. Immediately following hyperoxia or normoxia treatments, mice underwent surface ECG. Excised left ventricles were used to assess ion channel expression, including for Kv1.4, Kv1.5, Kv4.2, and KChIP2. Serum cardiac markers were also measured, including cardiac troponin I and lactate dehydrogenase. Our results showed that db/db mice have increased sensitivity to arrhythmia. Normoxia-treated db/db mice displayed features of arrhythmia, including QTc and JT prolongation, as well as QRS prolongation. A significant increase in QRS prolongation was also observed in hyperoxia-treated db/db mice, when compared to hyperoxia-treated heterozygous control mice. Db/db mice were also shown to exhibit ion channel dysregulation, as demonstrated by down-regulation in Kv1.5, Kv4.2, and KChIP2 under hyperoxia conditions. From these results, we conclude that: (1) diabetic mice showed distinct pathophysiology, when compared to heterozygous controls, both in normoxia and hyperoxia conditions. (2) Diabetic mice were more susceptible to arrhythmia at normal air conditions; this effect was exacerbated at hyperoxia conditions. (3) Unlike in heterozygous controls, diabetic mice did not demonstrate cardiac hypertrophy as a result of hyperoxia. (4) Ion channel remodeling was also observed in db/db mice under hyperoxia condition similar to its heterozygous controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Leigh Rodgers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC-30, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Eva Samal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Siva Kumar Panguluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC-30, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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36
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Wang LY, Diao ZL, Zheng JF, Wu YR, Zhang QD, Liu WH. Apelin attenuates TGF-β1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition via activation of PKC-ε in human renal tubular epithelial cells. Peptides 2017; 96:44-52. [PMID: 28847490 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process whereby fully differentiated epithelial cells transition to a mesenchymal phenotype, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. Apelin, a bioactive peptide, has recently been recognized to protect against renal profibrotic activity, but the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the regulation of EMT in the presence of apelin-13 in vitro. Expression of the mesenchymal marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and the epithelial marker E-cadherin was examined by immunofluorescence and western blotting in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Expression of extracellular matrix, fibronectin and collagen-I was examined by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. F13A, an antagonist of the apelin receptor APJ, and small interfering RNA targeting protein kinase C epsilon (PKC-ε) were used to explore the relevant signaling pathways. Apelin attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT, and inhibited the EMT-associated increase in α-SMA, loss of E-cadherin, and secretion of extracellular matrix. Moreover, apelin activated PKC-ε in tubular epithelial cells, which in turn decreased phospho-Smad2/3 levels and increased Smad-7 levels. APJ inhibition or PKC-ε deletion diminished apelin-induced modulation of Smad signaling and suppression of tubular EMT. Our findings identify a novel PKC-ε-dependent mechanism in which apelin suppresses TGF-β1-mediated activation of Smad signaling pathways and thereby inhibits tubular EMT. These results suggest that apelin may be a new agent that can suppress renal fibrosis and retard chronic kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zong-Li Diao
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun-Fang Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi-Ru Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi-Dong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wen-Hu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
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37
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Chen X, Orriols M, Walther FJ, Laghmani EH, Hoogeboom AM, Hogen-Esch ACB, Hiemstra PS, Folkerts G, Goumans MJTH, Ten Dijke P, Morrell NW, Wagenaar GTM. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 Protects against Neonatal Hyperoxia-Induced Impairment of Alveolarization and Pulmonary Inflammation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:486. [PMID: 28751863 PMCID: PMC5507999 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Effective treatment of premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is lacking. We hypothesize that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), a ligand of the TGF-β family that binds to the activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1)-BMP receptor type 2 (BMPR2) receptor complex, may be a novel therapeutic option for BPD. Therefore, we investigated the cardiopulmonary effects of BMP9 in neonatal Wistar rats with hyperoxia-induced BPD. Methods: Directly after birth Wistar rat pups were exposed to 100% oxygen for 10 days. From day 2 rat pups received BMP9 (2.5 μg/kg, twice a day) or 0.9% NaCl by subcutaneous injection. Beneficial effects of BMP9 on aberrant alveolar development, lung inflammation and fibrosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were investigated by morphometric analysis and cytokine production. In addition, differential mRNA expression of BMP9 and its receptor complex: ALK1, BMPR2, and Endoglin, and of the ALK1 downstream target transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) were studied during the development of experimental BPD. Expression of the BMP9 receptor complex and TMEM100 was studied in human endothelial and epithelial cell cultures and the effect of BMP9 on inflammatory cytokine production and TMEM100 expression was studied in endothelial cell cultures. Results:ALK1, ALK2, BMPRII, TMEM100, and Endoglin were differentially expressed in experimental BPD, suggesting a role for BMP9-dependent signaling in the development of (experimental) BPD. TMEM100 was expressed in the wall of blood vessels, showing an elastin-like expression pattern in arterioles. Expression of TMEM100 mRNA and protein was decreased after exposure to hyperoxia. BMP9 treatment of rat pups with hyperoxia-induced experimental BPD reduced alveolar enlargement, lung septal thickness and fibrosis, and prevented inflammation, but did not attenuate vascular remodeling and RVH. The anti-inflammatory effect of BMP9 was confirmed in vitro. Highest expression of ALK1, BMPR2, and TMEM100 was observed in human endothelial cell cultures. Stimulation of human endothelial cell cultures with BMP9 reduced their pro-inflammatory cytokine response and induced TMEM100 expression in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Conclusion: BMP9 protects against neonatal hyperoxia-induced BPD by improving aberrant alveolar development, inflammation and fibrosis, demonstrating its therapeutic potential for premature infants with severe BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Chen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Mar Orriols
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Frans J Walther
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorrance, CA, United States
| | - El Houari Laghmani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M Hoogeboom
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne C B Hogen-Esch
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marie-José T H Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's and Papworth HospitalsCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry T M Wagenaar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
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38
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Chen X, Walther FJ, Laghmani EH, Hoogeboom AM, Hogen-Esch ACB, van Ark I, Folkerts G, Wagenaar GTM. Adult Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1-Deficient Rats with Hyperoxia-Induced Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease Are Protected against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Front Physiol 2017; 8:155. [PMID: 28382003 PMCID: PMC5360762 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Survivors of neonatal chronic lung disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) suffer from compromised lung function and are at high risk for developing lung injury by multiple insults later in life. Because neonatal lysophosphatidic acid receptor-1 (LPAR1)-deficient rats are protected against hyperoxia-induced lung injury, we hypothesize that LPAR1-deficiency may protect adult survivors of BPD from a second hit response against lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced lung injury. Methods: Directly after birth, Wistar control and LPAR1-deficient rat pups were exposed to hyperoxia (90%) for 8 days followed by recovery in room air. After 7 weeks, male rats received either LPS (2 mg kg−1) or 0.9% NaCl by intraperitoneal injection. Alveolar development and lung inflammation were investigated by morphometric analysis, IL-6 production, and mRNA expression of cytokines, chemokines, coagulation factors, and an indicator of oxidative stress. Results: LPAR1-deficient and control rats developed hyperoxia-induced neonatal emphysema, which persisted into adulthood, as demonstrated by alveolar enlargement and decreased vessel density. LPAR1-deficiency protected against LPS-induced lung injury. Adult controls with BPD exhibited an exacerbated response toward LPS with an increased expression of pro-inflammatory mRNAs, whereas LPAR1-deficient rats with BPD were less sensitive to this “second hit” with a decreased pulmonary influx of macrophages and neutrophils, interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, and mRNA expression of IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and tissue factor. Conclusion: LPAR1-deficient rats have increased hyperoxia-induced BPD survival rates and, despite the presence of neonatal emphysema, are less sensitive to an aggravated “second hit” than Wistar controls with BPD. Intervening in LPA-LPAR1-dependent signaling may not only have therapeutic potential for neonatal chronic lung disease, but may also protect adult survivors of BPD from sequelae later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Chen
- Laboratory of Neonatology, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frans J Walther
- Laboratory of Neonatology, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorrance, CA, USA
| | - El H Laghmani
- Laboratory of Neonatology, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M Hoogeboom
- Laboratory of Neonatology, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne C B Hogen-Esch
- Laboratory of Neonatology, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van Ark
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerry T M Wagenaar
- Laboratory of Neonatology, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Netherlands
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Lu L, Wu D, Li L, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: A bifunctional target for cardiac hypertrophy. Int J Cardiol 2017; 230:164-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Apelin/APJ system: A novel promising therapy target for pathological angiogenesis. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 466:78-84. [PMID: 28025030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is the endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Both Apelin and APJ receptor are widely distributed in various tissues such as heart, brain, limbs, retina and liver. Recent research indicates that the Apelin/APJ system plays an important role in pathological angiogenesis which is a progress of new blood branches developing from preexisting vessels via sprouting. In this paper, we review the important role of the Apelin/APJ system in pathological angiogenesis. The Apelin/APJ system promotes angiogenesis in myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, critical limb ischemia, tumor, retinal angiogenesis diseases, cirrhosis, obesity, diabetes and other related diseases. Furthermore, we illustrate the detailed mechanism of pathological angiogenesis induced by the Apelin/APJ system. In conclusion, the Apelin/APJ system would be a promising therapeutic target for angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Wedgwood S, Warford C, Agvateesiri SC, Thai P, Berkelhamer SK, Perez M, Underwood MA, Steinhorn RH. Postnatal growth restriction augments oxygen-induced pulmonary hypertension in a neonatal rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:894-902. [PMID: 27509009 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prematurity and fetal growth restriction are risk factors for pulmonary hypertension (PH) in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Neonatal rats develop PH and vascular remodeling when exposed to hyperoxia. We hypothesize that postnatal growth restriction (PNGR) due to under-nutrition increases the severity of PH induced by hyperoxia in neonatal rats. METHODS Pups were randomized at birth to litters maintained in room air or 75% oxygen (hyperoxia), together with litters of normal milk intake (10 pups) or PNGR (17 pups). After 14 d, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) was assessed by Fulton's index (right ventricular weight/left ventricular plus septal weight) and PH by echocardiography. Lungs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, morphometrics, western blotting, and metabolomics. RESULTS Hyperoxia and PNGR each significantly increased pulmonary arterial pressure, RVH and pulmonary arterial medial wall thickness, and significantly decreased pulmonary vessel number. These changes were significantly augmented in pups exposed to both insults. Hyperoxia and PNGR both significantly decreased expression of proteins involved in lung development and vasodilation. CONCLUSION PNGR induces right ventricular and pulmonary vascular remodeling and augments the effects of oxygen in neonatal rats. This may be a powerful tool to investigate the mechanisms that induce PH in low-birth-weight preterm infants with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Wedgwood
- Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Cris Warford
- Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Phung Thai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Marta Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark A Underwood
- Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Robin H Steinhorn
- Department of Hospitalist Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
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Abstract
Hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) refers to the damage to the lungs secondary to exposure to elevated oxygen partial pressure. HALI has been a concern in clinical practice with the development of deep diving and the use of normobaric as well as hyperbaric oxygen in clinical practice. Although the pathogenesis of HALI has been extensively studied, the findings are still controversial. Nitric oxide (NO) is an intercellular messenger and has been considered as a signaling molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Although the role of NO in the occurrence and development of pulmonary diseases including HALI has been extensively studied, the findings on the role of NO in HALI are conflicting. Moreover, inhalation of NO has been approved as a therapeutic strategy for several diseases. In this paper, we briefly summarize the role of NO in the pathogenesis of HALI and the therapeutic potential of inhaled NO in HALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wu Liu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui-Hong Han
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Jining City, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pei-Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Jining City, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Liu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jun Sun
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Huang S, Chen L, Lu L, Li L. The apelin-APJ axis: A novel potential therapeutic target for organ fibrosis. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 456:81-88. [PMID: 26944568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apelin, an endogenous ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ, is expressed in a diverse number of organs. The apelin-APJ axis helps to control the processes of pathological and physiological fibrosis, including renal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, liver fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis. However, the role of apelin-APJ in organ fibrosis remains controversial due to conflicting study results. The apelin-APJ axis is a detrimental mechanism which promotes liver fibrosis mainly via up-regulation the expression of collagen-II and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ). On the contrary, the apelin-APJ axis is beneficial for renal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis. The apelin-APJ axis alleviates renal fibrosis by restraining the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). In addition, the apelin-APJ axis attenuates cardiac fibrosis through multiple pathways. Furthermore, the apelin-APJ axis has beneficial effects on experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which suggest the apelin-APJ axis potentially alleviates pulmonary fibrosis. In this article, we review the controversies associated with apelin-APJ in organ fibrosis and introduce the drugs that target apelin-APJ. We conclude that future studies should place more emphasis on the relationship among apelin isoforms, APJ receptor subtypes and organ fibrosis. The apelin-APJ axis will be a potential therapeutic target and those drugs targeted for apelin-APJ may constitute a novel therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, liver fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifang Huang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Liqun Lu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Chen X, Walther FJ, van Boxtel R, Laghmani EH, Sengers RMA, Folkerts G, DeRuiter MC, Cuppen E, Wagenaar GTM. Deficiency or inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 protects against hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:358-75. [PMID: 26495902 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Blocking of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor (LPAR) 1 may be a novel therapeutic option for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) by preventing the LPAR1-mediated adverse effects of its ligand (LPA), consisting of lung inflammation, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and fibrosis. METHODS In Wistar rats with experimental BPD, induced by continuous exposure to 100% oxygen for 10 days, we determined the beneficial effects of LPAR1 deficiency in neonatal rats with a missense mutation in cytoplasmic helix 8 of LPAR1 and of LPAR1 and -3 blocking with Ki16425. Parameters investigated included survival, lung and heart histopathology, fibrin and collagen deposition, vascular leakage and differential mRNA expression in the lungs of key genes involved in LPA signalling and BPD pathogenesis. RESULTS LPAR1-mutant rats were protected against experimental BPD and mortality with reduced alveolar septal thickness, lung inflammation (reduced influx of macrophages and neutrophils, and CINC1 expression) and collagen III deposition. However, LPAR1-mutant rats were not protected against alveolar enlargement, increased medial wall thickness of small arterioles, fibrin deposition and vascular alveolar leakage. Treatment of experimental BPD with Ki16425 confirmed the data observed in LPAR1-mutant rats, but did not reduce the pulmonary influx of neutrophils, CINC1 expression and mortality in rats with experimental BPD. In addition, Ki16425 treatment protected against PAH and right ventricular hypertrophy. CONCLUSION LPAR1 deficiency attenuates pulmonary injury by reducing pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, thereby reducing mortality, but does not affect alveolar and vascular development and, unlike Ki16425 treatment, does not prevent PAH in neonatal rats with experimental BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Chen
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - F. J. Walther
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center; Torrance CA USA
| | - R. van Boxtel
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research; Cancer Genomics Center; Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - E. H. Laghmani
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - R. M. A. Sengers
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - G. Folkerts
- Department of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - M. C. DeRuiter
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - E. Cuppen
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research; Cancer Genomics Center; Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - G. T. M. Wagenaar
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
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Role of platelets, neutrophils, and factor XII in spontaneous venous thrombosis in mice. Blood 2016; 127:2630-7. [PMID: 26932804 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-10-672766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, platelets, neutrophils, and factor XII (FXII) have been implicated as important players in the pathophysiology of venous thrombosis. Their role became evident in mouse models in which surgical handling was used to provoke thrombosis. Inhibiting anticoagulation in mice by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Serpinc1 and Proc also results in a thrombotic phenotype, which is spontaneous (no additional triggers) and reproducibly results in clots in the large veins of the head and fibrin deposition in the liver. This thrombotic phenotype is fatal but can be fully rescued by thrombin inhibition. The mouse model was used in this study to investigate the role of platelets, neutrophils, and FXII. After administration of siRNAs targeting Serpinc1 and Proc, antibody-mediated depletion of platelets fully abrogated the clinical features as well as microscopic aspects in the head. This was corroborated by strongly reduced fibrin deposition in the liver. Whereas neutrophils were abundant in siRNA-triggered thrombotic lesions, antibody-mediated depletion of circulating Ly6G-positive neutrophils did not affect onset, severity, or thrombus morphology. In addition, absence of circulating neutrophils did not affect quantitative liver fibrin deposition. Remarkably, siRNA-mediated depletion of plasma FXII accelerated the onset of the clinical phenotype; mice were affected with more severe thrombotic lesions. To summarize, in this study, onset and severity of the thrombotic phenotype are dependent on the presence of platelets but not circulating neutrophils. Unexpectedly, FXII has a protective effect. This study challenges the proposed roles of neutrophils and FXII in venous thrombosis pathophysiology.
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Apelin: an antithrombotic factor that inhibits platelet function. Blood 2015; 127:908-20. [PMID: 26634301 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-05-578781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin peptide and its receptor APJ are directly implicated in various physiological processes ranging from cardiovascular homeostasis to immune signaling. Here, we show that apelin is a key player in hemostasis with an ability to inhibit thrombin- and collagen-mediated platelet activation. Mice lacking apelin displayed a shorter bleeding time and a prothrombotic profile. Their platelets exhibited increased adhesion and a reduced occlusion time in venules, and displayed a higher aggregation rate after their activation by thrombin compared with wild-type platelets. Consequently, human and mouse platelets express apelin and its receptor APJ. Apelin directly interferes with thrombin-mediated signaling pathways and platelet activation, secretion, and aggregation, but not with ADP and thromboxane A2-mediated pathways. IV apelin administration induced excessive bleeding and prevented thrombosis in mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that apelin and/or APJ agonists could potentially be useful adducts in antiplatelet therapies and may provide a promising perspective for patients who continue to display adverse thrombotic events with current antiplatelet therapies.
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Wagenaar GTM, Hiemstra PS, Gosens R. Therapeutic potential of soluble guanylate cyclase modulators in neonatal chronic lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1037-40. [PMID: 26432873 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00333.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental oxygen after premature birth results in aberrant airway, alveolar, and pulmonary vascular development with an increased risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and development of wheeze and asthma, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in survivors. Although stimulation of the nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cGMP signal transduction pathway has significant beneficial effects on disease development in animal models, so far this could not be translated to the clinic. Oxidative stress reduces the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway by oxidizing heme-bound sGC, resulting in inactivation or degradation of sGC. Reduced sGC activity and/or expression is associated with pathology due to premature birth, oxidative stress-induced lung injury, including impaired alveolar maturation, smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and contraction, impaired airway relaxation and vasodilation, inflammation, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an aggravated response toward hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury. Recently, Britt et al. (10) demonstrated that histamine-induced Ca(2+) responses were significantly elevated in hyperoxia-exposed fetal human airway SMCs compared with normoxic controls and that this hyperoxia-induced increase in the response was strongly reduced by NO-independent stimulation and activation of sGC. These recent studies highlight the therapeutic potential of sGC modulators in the treatment of preterm infants for respiratory distress with supplemental oxygen. Such treatment is aimed at improving aberrant alveolar and vascular development of the neonatal lung and preventing the development of wheezing and asthma in survivors of premature birth. In addition, these studies highlight the suitability of fetal human airway SMCs as a translational model for pathological airway changes in the neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry T M Wagenaar
- Laboratory of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands;
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Maternal PUFA ω-3 Supplementation Prevents Neonatal Lung Injuries Induced by Hyperoxia in Newborn Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22081-93. [PMID: 26389878 PMCID: PMC4613298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common complications of prematurity, occurring in 30% of very low birth weight infants. The benefits of dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3 (PUFA ω-3) during pregnancy or the perinatal period have been reported. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of maternal PUFA ω-3 supplementation on lung injuries in newborn rats exposed to prolonged hyperoxia. Pregnant female Wistar rats (n = 14) were fed a control diet (n = 2), a PUFA ω-6 diet (n = 6), or a PUFA ω-3 diet (n = 6), starting with the 14th gestation day. At Day 1, female and newborn rats (10 per female) were exposed to hyperoxia (O2, n = 70) or to the ambient air (Air, n = 70). Six groups of newborns rats were obtained: PUFA ω-6/O2 (n = 30), PUFA ω-6/air (n = 30), PUFA ω-3/O2 (n = 30), PUFA ω-3/air (n = 30), control/O2 (n = 10), and control/air (n = 10). After 10 days, lungs were removed for analysis of alveolarization and pulmonary vascular development. Survival rate was 100%. Hyperoxia reduced alveolarization and increased pulmonary vascular wall thickness in both control (n = 20) and PUFA ω-6 groups (n = 60). Maternal PUFA ω-3 supplementation prevented the decrease in alveolarization caused by hyperoxia (n = 30) compared to PUFA ω-6/O2 (n = 30) or to the control/O2 (n = 10), but did not significantly increase the thickness of the lung vascular wall. Therefore, maternal PUFA ω-3 supplementation may protect newborn rats from lung injuries induced by hyperoxia. In clinical settings, maternal PUFA ω-3 supplementation during pregnancy and during lactation may prevent BPD development after premature birth.
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Luo K, Long H, Xu B, Luo Y. Apelin attenuates postburn sepsis via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B dependent mechanism: A randomized animal study. Int J Surg 2015; 21:22-7. [PMID: 26163884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to investigate whether apelin would regulate inflammatory response and promote survival in an experimental burn sepsis model through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B dependent pathway. METHODS Male BALB/c mice were divided into the following groups: sham, burn, burn sepsis, burn sepsis treated with apelin, burn sepsis treated with apelin plus LY294002, and burn sepsis treated with LY294002 alone. Apelin level and inflammatory cytokines in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay. Apelin/APJ (apelin receptor, gene symbol APLNR) mRNA expression in spleen and adhesion molecules levels in lung was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Neutrophil infiltration in lung was determined by myeloperoxidase assay. Phosphorylation of protein kinase B in lung was determined by western blot. Mortality rate was monitored. RESULTS Burn sepsis induced decreased apelin/APJ mRNA expression in spleen and reduced apelin level in plasma, which were both restored by exogenous apelin treatment. Burn sepsis treated with apelin resulted in decreased interleukin-6, tumor-necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin -1β and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels in plasma. Mice with apelin treatment also showed decreased neutrophil infiltration and adhesion molecules expression, accompanied by a remarkable increased protein kinase B phosphorylation in lung tissue. The mortality rate in apelin treated animals was also significantly reduced. Importantly, the above effects of apelin were abolished by LY294002 treatment. CONCLUSION Apelin regulates inflammatory response, diminishes inflammatory remote organ damage and improves survival in an experimental model of burn sepsis, which is at least partly mediated by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Luo
- Department of Emergency, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Huibao Long
- Department of Emergency, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Bincan Xu
- Department of Emergency, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Yanling Luo
- Department of Emergency, SunYat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Chen X, Walther FJ, Sengers RMA, Laghmani EH, Salam A, Folkerts G, Pera T, Wagenaar GTM. Metformin attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats by reducing the inflammatory response. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L262-70. [PMID: 26047641 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00389.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Because therapeutic options are lacking for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), there is an urgent medical need to discover novel targets/drugs to treat this neonatal chronic lung disease. Metformin, a drug commonly used to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes patients, may be a novel therapeutic option for BPD by reducing pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and improving vascularization. We investigated the therapeutic potential of daily treatment with 25 and 100 mg/kg metformin, injected subcutaneously in neonatal Wistar rats with severe experimental BPD, induced by continuous exposure to 100% oxygen for 10 days. Parameters investigated included survival, lung and heart histopathology, pulmonary fibrin and collagen deposition, vascular leakage, right ventricular hypertrophy, and differential mRNA expression in the lungs of key genes involved in BPD pathogenesis, including inflammation, coagulation, and alveolar development. After daily metformin treatment rat pups with experimental BPD had reduced mortality, alveolar septum thickness, lung inflammation, and fibrosis, demonstrated by a reduced influx of macrophages and neutrophils and hyperoxia-induced collagen III and fibrin deposition (25 mg/kg), as well as improved vascularization (100 mg/kg) compared with control treatment. However, metformin did not ameliorate alveolar enlargement, small arteriole wall thickening, vascular alveolar leakage, and right ventricular hypertrophy. In conclusion metformin prolongs survival and attenuates pulmonary injury by reducing pulmonary inflammation, coagulation, and fibrosis but does not affect alveolar development or prevent pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in neonatal rats with severe hyperoxia-induced experimental BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frans J Walther
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Rozemarijn M A Sengers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - El Houari Laghmani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Asma Salam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Tonio Pera
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerry T M Wagenaar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;
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