1
|
Ma D, Zhang J, Du L, Shi J, Liu Z, Qin J, Chen X, Guo M. Colquhounia root tablet improves diabetic kidney disease by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1418588. [PMID: 39130629 PMCID: PMC11310013 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1418588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus that can lead to end-stage renal disease. Colquhounia root tablet (CRT) has shown therapeutic potential in treating DKD, but its efficacy and underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 61 DKD patients. The treatment group received CRT in addition to standard therapy, while the control group received standard therapy alone. Treatment efficacy and adverse events were evaluated after 3 months. Additionally, in vitro experiments using human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were performed to investigate the effect of CRT on high glucose (HG)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the involvement of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Results CRT treatment significantly improved proteinuria and increased the effective treatment rate in DKD patients compared to the control group, with no significant difference in adverse events. Moreover, CRT reversed HG-induced EMT in HK-2 cells, as evidenced by the downregulation of α-SMA and upregulation of E-cadherin at both mRNA and protein levels. Mechanistically, CRT increased PTEN expression and inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway, similar to the effects of the PI3K inhibitor LY29400. The combination of CRT and LY29400 further enhanced PTEN mRNA expression under HG conditions. Conclusion CRT effectively improves proteinuria in DKD patients and ameliorates HG-induced EMT in HK-2 cells. The underlying mechanism may involve the upregulation of PTEN and subsequent inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These findings provide new insights into the therapeutic potential of CRT for DKD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan Province, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Precise Therapy for Diabetic Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan Province, China
| | - Lu Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan Province, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhaoyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan Province, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Precise Therapy for Diabetic Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan Province, China
| | - Jilin Qin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan Province, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Precise Therapy for Diabetic Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan Province, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Precise Therapy for Diabetic Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan Province, China
| | - Minghao Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou M, Meng L, He Q, Ren C, Li C. Valsartan attenuates LPS-induced ALI by modulating NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1321095. [PMID: 38288441 PMCID: PMC10822936 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1321095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common respiratory disease characterized by persistent hypoxemia and an uncontrolled inflammatory response. Valsartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, is clinically used to treat hypertension and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on gefitinib-induced pneumonia in rats. However, the potential therapeutic effects of valsartan on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI remain unclear. This study investigated the protective role of valsartan in LPS-induced ALI and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: LPS-treated BEAS-2B cells and ALI mouse model were established. BEAS-2B cells were treated with LPS (10 μg/mL) for 24h, with or without valsartan (20, 40, and 80 µM). For ALI mouse models, LPS (5 mg/kg) was administered through intratracheal injection to treat the mice for 24h, and valsartan (10 or 30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally twice 2 h before and 12 h after the LPS injection. Pulmonary functional parameters were examined by an EMKA pulmonary system. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, flow cytometry, CCK-8 assay, qRT-PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and related commercial kits were used to assess the pathological damage to the lungs, neutrophil recruitment in the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), cell viability, inflammation, oxidative activity, and mucus production, respectively. Potential mechanisms were further explored using network pharmacology and Western blotting. Results: Valsartan rescued LPS-reduced cell viability of BEAS-2B cells, improved the pulmonary function, ameliorated pathological lung injury in mice with ALI, ameliorated LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment in BALF and lung tissue of mice, attenuated oxidative stress by increasing the level of SOD and decreasing that of MDA and GSSG, inhibited LPS-induced MUC5AC overproduction, decreased the LPS-induced increase in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL-1 and CXCL-2, and restored the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10. Mechanistic studies showed that valsartan inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κΒ) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including P38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in both LPS-treated cells and the mouse model of ALI. Conclusion: Valsartan protects against LPS-induced ALI by attenuating oxidative stress, reducing MUC5AC production, and attenuating the inflammatory response that may involve MAPK and NF-κΒ pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinke He
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunguang Ren
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changyi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li N, Zhang T, Zhu L, Sun L, Shao G, Gao J. Recent Advances of Using Exosomes as Diagnostic Markers and Targeting Carriers for Cardiovascular Disease. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4354-4372. [PMID: 37566627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of human death worldwide. Exosomes act as endogenous biological vectors; they possess advantages of low immunogenicity and low safety risks, also providing tissue selectivity, including the inherent targeting the to heart. Therefore, exosomes not only have been applied as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic outcome confirmation but also showed potential as drug carriers for cardiovascular targeting delivery. This review aims to summarize the progress and challenges of exosomes as novel biomarkers, especially many novel exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and also provides an overview of the improved targeting functions of exosomes by unique engineered approaches, the latest developed administration methods, and the therapeutic effects of exosomes used as the biocarriers of medications for cardiovascular disease treatment. Also, the possible therapeutic mechanisms and the potentials for transferring exosomes to the clinic for CVD treatment are discussed. The advances, in vivo and in vitro applications, modifications, mechanisms, and challenges summarized in this review will provide a general understanding of this promising strategy for CVD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linwen Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China
| | - Lebo Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China
| | - Guofeng Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nie Y, Zhai X, Li J, Sun A, Che H, Christman JW, Chai G, Zhao P, Karpurapu M. NFATc3 Promotes Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis by Regulating Production of CCL2 and CXCL2 in Macrophages. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1441-1457. [PMID: 37523510 PMCID: PMC10389814 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and highly lethal inflammatory interstitial lung disease characterized by aberrant extracellular matrix deposition. Macrophage activation by cytokines released from repetitively injured alveolar epithelial cells regulates the inflammatory response, tissue remodeling, and fibrosis throughout various phases of IPF. Our previous studies demonstrate that nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic member 3 (NFATc3) regulates a wide array of macrophage genes during acute lung injury pathogenesis. However, the role of NFATc3 in IPF pathophysiology has not been previously reported. In the current study, we demonstrate that expression of NFATc3 is elevated in lung tissues and pulmonary macrophages in mice subjected to bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis and IPF patients. Remarkably, NFATc3 deficiency (NFATc3+/-) was protective in bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury and fibrosis. Adoptive transfer of NFATc3+/+ macrophages to NFATc3+/- mice restored susceptibility to BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, in vitro treatment with IL-33 or conditioned medium from BLM-treated epithelial cells increased production of CCL2 and CXCL2 in macrophages from NFATc3+/+ but not NFATc3+/- mice. CXCL2 promoter-pGL3 Luciferase reporter vector showed accentuated reporter activity when co-transfected with the NFATc3 expression vector. More importantly, exogenous administration of recombinant CXCL2 into NFATc3+/- mice increased fibrotic markers and exacerbated IPF phenotype in BLM treated mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate, for the first time, that NFATc3 regulates pulmonary fibrosis by regulating CCL2 and CXCL2 gene expression in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjuan Nie
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xiaorun Zhai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Aijuan Sun
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China.
| | - Huilian Che
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - John W Christman
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| | - Gaoshang Chai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Manjula Karpurapu
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tang C, Hou YX, Shi PX, Zhu CH, Lu X, Wang XL, Que LL, Zhu GQ, Liu L, Chen Q, Li CF, Xu Y, Li JT, Li YH. Cardiomyocyte-specific Peli1 contributes to the pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis through miR-494-3p-dependent exosomal communication. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22699. [PMID: 36520055 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200597r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is an essential pathological process in pressure overload (PO)-induced heart failure. Recently, myocyte-fibroblast communication is proven to be critical in heart failure, in which, pathological growth of cardiomyocytes (CMs) may promote fibrosis via miRNAs-containing exosomes (Exos). Peli1 regulates the activation of NF-κB and AP-1, which has been demonstrated to engage in miRNA transcription in cardiomyocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized that Peli1 in CMs regulates the activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) through an exosomal miRNA-mediated paracrine mechanism, thereby promoting cardiac fibrosis. We found that CM-conditional deletion of Peli1 improved PO-induced cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, Exos from mechanical stretch (MS)-induced WT CMs (WT MS-Exos) promote activation of CFs, Peli1-/- MS-Exos reversed it. Furthermore, miRNA microarray and qPCR analysis showed that miR-494-3p was increased in WT MS-Exos while being down regulated in Peli1-/- MS-Exos. Mechanistically, Peli1 promoted miR-494-3p expression via NF-κB/AP-1 in CMs, and then miR-494-3p induced CFs activation by inhibiting PTEN and amplifying the phosphorylation of AKT, SMAD2/3, and ERK. Collectively, our study suggests that CMs Peli1 contributes to myocardial fibrosis via CMs-derived miR-494-3p-enriched exosomes under PO, and provides a potential exosomal miRNA-based therapy for cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Xing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Xi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Wang
- Center of Clinical Research, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lin-Li Que
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan-Fu Li
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Herrera JA, Dingle L, Montero MA, Venkateswaran RV, Blaikley JF, Lawless C, Schwartz MA. The UIP/IPF fibroblastic focus is a collagen biosynthesis factory embedded in a distinct extracellular matrix. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e156115. [PMID: 35852874 PMCID: PMC9462507 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a histological pattern characteristic of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The UIP pattern is patchy with histologically normal lung adjacent to dense fibrotic tissue. At this interface, fibroblastic foci (FF) are present and are sites where myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulate. Utilizing laser capture microdissection-coupled mass spectrometry, we interrogated the FF, adjacent mature scar, and adjacent alveoli in 6 fibrotic (UIP/IPF) specimens plus 6 nonfibrotic alveolar specimens as controls. The data were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis and histologically validated. We found that the fibrotic alveoli protein signature is defined by immune deregulation as the strongest category. The fibrotic mature scar classified as end-stage fibrosis whereas the FF contained an overabundance of a distinctive ECM compared with the nonfibrotic control. Furthermore, FF were positive for both TGFB1 and TGFB3, whereas the aberrant basaloid cell lining of FF was predominantly positive for TGFB2. In conclusion, spatial proteomics demonstrated distinct protein compositions in the histologically defined regions of UIP/IPF tissue. These data revealed that FF are the main site of collagen biosynthesis and that the adjacent alveoli are abnormal. This essential information will inform future mechanistic studies on fibrosis progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lewis Dingle
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M. Angeles Montero
- Department of Histopathology, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rajamiyer V. Venkateswaran
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Transplant, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John F. Blaikley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Transplant, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin A. Schwartz
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
PTEN: An Emerging Potential Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Respiratory Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4512503. [PMID: 35814272 PMCID: PMC9262564 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4512503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a potent tumor suppressor that regulates several key cellular processes, including proliferation, survival, genomic integrity, migration, and invasion, via PI3K-dependent and independent mechanisms. A subtle decrease in PTEN levels or catalytic activity is implicated not only in cancer but also in a wide spectrum of other diseases, including various respiratory diseases. A systemic overview of the advances in the molecular and cellular mechanisms of PTEN involved in the initiation and progression of respiratory diseases may offer novel targets for the development of effective therapeutics for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In the present review, we highlight the novel findings emerging from current research on the role of PTEN expression and regulation in airway pathological conditions such as asthma/allergic airway inflammation, pulmonary hypertension (PAH), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and other acute lung injuries (ALI). Moreover, we discuss the clinical implications of PTEN alteration and recently suggested therapeutic possibilities for restoration of PTEN expression and function in respiratory diseases.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dudala SS, Venkateswarulu TC, Kancharla SC, Kodali VP, Babu DJ. A review on importance of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (special emphasis on isoquinoline alkaloids). FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease of unknown cause which disrupts the normal lung architecture and functions by deregulating immune responses and ultimately leads to the death of the individual. A number of factors can lead to its development and currently there is no cure for this disease.
Main text
There are synthetic drugs available to relieve the symptoms and decelerate its development by targeting pathways involved in the development of IPF, but there had also been various side effects detected by their usage. It is known since decades that medicinal plants and their compounds have been used all over the world in natural medicines to cure various diseases. This review article is focused on the effects of various natural bioactive compounds of 26 plant extracts that show prophylactic and therapeutic properties against the disease and so can be used in treating IPF replacing synthetic drugs and reducing the side effects.
Short conclusion
This review includes different mechanisms that cause pulmonary fibrosis along with compounds that can induce fibrosis, drugs used for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, diagnosis, the biochemical tests used for the experimental study to determine the pathogenesis of disease with a special note on Isoquinoline alkaloids and their role in reducing various factors leading to IPF thus providing promising therapeutic approach.
Collapse
|
9
|
Monteiro R, Hallikeri K, Sudhakaran A. PTEN and α-SMA Expression and Diagnostic Role in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Concomitant Oral Submucous Fibrosis. EJOURNAL OF ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH 2021; 12:e3. [PMID: 33959238 PMCID: PMC8085678 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2021.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The diagnostic role and correlation between phosphatase and tensin homologue and alpha-smooth muscle actin in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma with concomitant oral submucous fibrosis was analysed by this case control study. The mechanism by which phosphatase and tensin homologue controls myofibroblast expression was also evaluated. Material and Methods Overall, 10 normal mucosa, 30 oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and 30 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with OSF were stained immunohistochemically with phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Percentage positivity, pattern of expression was statistically compared using Pearson’s Chi-square and Fischer exact tests. The correlation between markers was analysed using Spearman correlation. Results OSF and OSCC affected males predominantly with majority below 40 years and above 40 years of age respectively. Percentage of PTEN positive cells was statistically significant with gender (P = 0.024) and α-SMA distribution of pattern showed a significant correlation with habits (P = 0.018). A significant decrease in nuclear PTEN positivity (P < 0.001) and a gradual increase in α-SMA cytoplasmic expression was noted from NM to OSF and OSCC. A statistically significant weak inverse correlation existed between PTEN and α-SMA. Conclusions A reduced phosphatase and tensin homologue expression in oral submucous fibrosis makes it more prone for malignant transformation. An increase in stromal desmoplasia modifies differentiation, invasive and proliferative capacity of tumour cells. As phosphatase and tensin homologue functions through P-Akt pathway, P-Akt with phosphatase and tensin homologue could be a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Monteiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, DharwadIndia
| | - Kaveri Hallikeri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, DharwadIndia
| | - Archana Sudhakaran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, DharwadIndia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tu Q, Zhu Y, Yuan Y, Guo L, Liu L, Yao L, Zou Y, Li J, Chen F. Gypenosides Inhibit Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis of Endothelial and Epithelial Cells in LPS-Induced ALI: A Study Based on Bioinformatic Analysis and in vivo/vitro Experiments. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:289-303. [PMID: 33531796 PMCID: PMC7846875 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s286297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Severe inflammatory response leads to poor prognosis of acute lung injury (ALI), the role of gypenosides (GPs) on ALI is not fully clear. The study aimed at investigating the effects of GPs on ALI. Methods We firstly established LPS-induced ALI mice model. Then, we tested whether GPs contributed to alleviate inflammatory response and lung injury of ALI in vivo. In order to identify specific mechanisms of the phenomenon, we conducted a bioinformatic analysis of LPS-induced ALI mice based on GEO database to identify hub differentially expressed genes (DEGs). PPI network of the DEGs was used to find hub-genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were conducted based on the DAVID database to identify which pathways the genes enriched. Then, we tested whether GPs inhibited lung injury and inflammatory response via the enriched pathways. We also tested whether GPs inhibited the apoptosis of endothelial and epithelial cells secondary to severe inflammation. Results We found GPs significantly alleviated lung injury and improved the survival rate of LPS-induced ALI mice in vivo. Bioinformatic analysis identified 20 hub-genes from DEGs, they were mainly enriched in NF-κB and TNF-α pathways. GPs could reduce the lung injury and inflammatory response via inhibiting NF-κB and TNF-α pathways in vivo. Our results indicated that GPs also inhibited inflammatory response of epithelial and endothelial cells via NF-κB and TNF-α pathways in vitro. Severe inflammatory response could also lead to apoptosis of endothelial and epithelial cells. Our results indicated that GPs effectively inhibited the apoptosis of endothelial and epithelial cells. Conclusion Our study suggested GPs contributed to alleviated lung injury in vivo and inhibited inflammation and apoptosis of endothelial and epithelial cells in vitro, providing novel strategies for the prevention and therapy for ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yabing Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangfang Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhuang R, Yang X, Cai W, Xu R, Lv L, Sun Y, Guo Y, Ni J, Zhao G, Lu Z. MCTR3 reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice via the ALX/PINK1 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107142. [PMID: 33268042 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), a common respiratory distress syndrome in the intensive care unit (ICU), is mainly caused by severe infection and shock. Epithelial and capillary endothelial cell injury, interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration are the main pathological changes observed in ALI animal models. Maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration (MCTR) are a new family of anti-inflammatory proteins. MCTR3 is a key enhancer of the host response, that promotes tissue regeneration and reduces infection; however, its role and mechanism in ALI are still unclear. The purpose of our research was to assess the protective effects of MCTR3 against ALI and its underlying mechanism. The work in this study was conducted in a murine model and the pulmonary epithelial cell line MLE-12. In vivo, MCTR3 (2 ng/g) was given 2 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. We found that the treatment of mice with LPS-induced ALI with MCTR3 significantly reduced the cell number and protein levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines; alleviated oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, consequently decreased lung injury; and restored pulmonary function. These protective effects of MCTR3 were dependent on down-regulation of the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) pathway. Additionally, in MLE-12 cells stimulated with LPS, MCTR3 inhibited cell death, inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative stress via the ALX/PINK1 signaling pathway. Thus, we conclude that MCTR3 protected against LPS-induced ALI partly through inactivation of the ALX/PINK1 mediated mitophagy pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhuang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiyu Yang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenchao Cai
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongxiao Xu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Lv
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingying Sun
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yayong Guo
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Ni
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rackow AR, Nagel DJ, McCarthy C, Judge J, Lacy S, Freeberg MAT, Thatcher TH, Kottmann RM, Sime PJ. The self-fulfilling prophecy of pulmonary fibrosis: a selective inspection of pathological signalling loops. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.00075-2020. [PMID: 32943406 PMCID: PMC7931159 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00075-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating, progressive disease and carries a prognosis worse than most cancers. Despite ongoing research, the mechanisms that underlie disease pathogenesis remain only partially understood. However, the self-perpetuating nature of pulmonary fibrosis has led several researchers to propose the existence of pathological signalling loops. According to this hypothesis, the normal wound-healing process becomes corrupted and results in the progressive accumulation of scar tissue in the lung. In addition, several negative regulators of pulmonary fibrosis are downregulated and, therefore, are no longer capable of inhibiting these feed-forward loops. The combination of pathological signalling loops and loss of a checks and balances system ultimately culminates in a process of unregulated scar formation. This review details specific signalling pathways demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The evidence of detrimental signalling loops is elucidated with regard to epithelial cell injury, cellular senescence and the activation of developmental and ageing pathways. We demonstrate where these loops intersect each other, as well as common mediators that may drive these responses and how the loss of pro-resolving mediators may contribute to the propagation of disease. By focusing on the overlapping signalling mediators among the many pro-fibrotic pathways, it is our hope that the pulmonary fibrosis community will be better equipped to design future trials that incorporate the redundant nature of these pathways as we move towards finding a cure for this unrelenting disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Rackow
- Dept of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - David J Nagel
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | | | - Shannon Lacy
- US Army of Veterinary Corps, Fort Campbell, KY, USA
| | | | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R Matthew Kottmann
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dong Z, Xu QH, Zhu YB, Wang YF, Xiong J, Dang S. Investigation of Targeting Relationship between Micro-Rna-22 and Vegfr3 in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:148-154. [PMID: 32691705 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200720012917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study explored the clinical significance of microRNA-22 (miR-22) expression in lung squamous cell carcinoma and to explore the targeting relationship with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3). METHODS A total of 49 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma who underwent surgical treatment were selected. The expression of miR-22 was detected by fluorescence quantitative realtime PCR (qPCR), the expression of VEGFR3 was detected by Western blotting assays, and D240 labeled microlymphatic vessels density (MLVD) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line SK-MES-1 was selected and the targeting relationship between miR-22 and VEGFR3 was analyzed by double luciferase reporter gene assay. Western blotting assays were used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGFD) and D240 in the blank control group, empty vector transfection group, miR-22 transfection group, miR-22 and VEGFR3 co-transfection group. RESULTS The expression range of miR-22 in lung squamous cell carcinoma was 0.8-3.5. The expression of miR-22 in lung squamous cell carcinoma was significantly different by tumor maximum diameter, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and TNM stage. The expression of miR-22 was linked to survival time. There was a negative correlation between miR-22 and VEGFR3, miR-22 and MLVD. Double luciferase reporter gene assays showed that miR-22 reduced the luciferase activity of pGL3-VEGFR3-WT transfected cells. Compared with the control group, the expression of VEGF-D and D2-40 in the miR-22 transfection group was significantly decreased. However, VEGF-D and D240 in the miR-22 and VEGFR3 co-transfection group reversed the changes. CONCLUSION We assumed that the abnormal expression of miR-22 in lung squamous cell carcinoma may be involved in the development and progression of lung squamous cell carcinoma. MiR-22 negatively regulated the target gene VEGFR3 to mediate lymphangiogenesis. The expression of miR-22 may also be linked to the prognosis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Dong
- Department of Respiration, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Qing-Hua Xu
- Department of Respiration, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yuan-Bin Zhu
- Department of Respiration, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yong-Feng Wang
- Department of Respiration, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Respiration, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Shuai Dang
- Teaching Department of Basic Medicine, Taishan Vocational College of Nursing, Tai'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Otoupalova E, Smith S, Cheng G, Thannickal VJ. Oxidative Stress in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:509-547. [PMID: 32163196 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to various disease states as well as physiological aging. The lungs are uniquely exposed to a highly oxidizing environment and have evolved several mechanisms to attenuate oxidative stress. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive age-related disorder that leads to architectural remodeling, impaired gas exchange, respiratory failure, and death. In this article, we discuss cellular sources of oxidant production, and antioxidant defenses, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic. We outline the current understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF and how oxidative stress contributes to fibrosis. Further, we link oxidative stress to the biology of aging that involves DNA damage responses, loss of proteostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We discuss the recent findings on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in specific fibrotic processes such as macrophage polarization and immunosenescence, alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and senescence, myofibroblast differentiation and senescence, and alterations in the acellular extracellular matrix. Finally, we provide an overview of the current preclinical studies and clinical trials targeting oxidative stress in fibrosis and potential new strategies for future therapeutic interventions. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:509-547, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Otoupalova
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sam Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Summer R, Krishna R, Schriner D, Cuevas-Mora K, Sales D, Para R, Roman J, Nieweld C, Gochuico BR, Romero F. Matrix metalloproteinase activity in the lung is increased in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:162. [PMID: 31272455 PMCID: PMC6610946 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and platelet dysfunction and can sometimes lead to a highly aggressive form of pulmonary fibrosis that mimics the fatal lung condition called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Although the activities of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to be dysregulated in IPF, it remains to be determined whether similar changes in these enzymes can be detected in HPS. RESULTS Here, we show that transcript and protein levels as well as enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and -9 are markedly increased in the lungs of mice carrying the HPS Ap3b1 gene mutation. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining localized this increase in MMP expression to the distal pulmonary epithelium, and shRNA knockdown of the Ap3b1 gene in cultured lung epithelial cells resulted in a similar upregulation in MMP-2 and -9 expression. Mechanistically, we found that upregulation in MMP expression associated with increased activity of the serine/threonine kinase Akt, and pharmacological inhibition of this enzyme resulted in a dramatic suppression of MMP expression in Ap3b1 deficient lung epithelial cells. Similarly, levels and activity of different MMPs were also found to be increased in the lungs of mice carrying the Bloc3 HPS gene mutation and in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of subjects with HPS. However, an association between MMP activity and disease severity was not detected in these individuals. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings indicate that MMP activity is dysregulated in the HPS lung, suggesting a role for these proteases as biological markers or pathogenic players in HPS lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Summer
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Rachana Krishna
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - DeLeila Schriner
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Karina Cuevas-Mora
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Dominic Sales
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Rachel Para
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jesse Roman
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Carl Nieweld
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Bernadette R. Gochuico
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Freddy Romero
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, JAH 354, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu Q, Li C, Wang S, Li Y, Wen B, Zhang Y, Liang K, Yao J, Ye Y, Hsiao H, Nguyen TK, Park PK, Egranov SD, Hawke DH, Marks JR, Han L, Hung MC, Zhang B, Lin C, Yang L. LncRNAs-directed PTEN enzymatic switch governs epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Res 2019; 29:286-304. [PMID: 30631154 PMCID: PMC6461864 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the structural conservation of PTEN with dual-specificity phosphatases, there have been no reports regarding the regulatory mechanisms that underlie this potential dual-phosphatase activity. Here, we report that K27-linked polyubiquitination of PTEN at lysines 66 and 80 switches its phosphoinositide/protein tyrosine phosphatase activity to protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity. Mechanistically, high glucose, TGF-β, CTGF, SHH, and IL-6 induce the expression of a long non-coding RNA, GAEA (Glucose Aroused for EMT Activation), which associates with an RNA-binding E3 ligase, MEX3C, and enhances its enzymatic activity, leading to the K27-linked polyubiquitination of PTEN. The MEX3C-catalyzed PTENK27-polyUb activates its protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity and inhibits its phosphatidylinositol/protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. With this altered enzymatic activity, PTENK27-polyUb dephosphorylates the phosphoserine/threonine residues of TWIST1, SNAI1, and YAP1, leading to accumulation of these master regulators of EMT. Animals with genetic inhibition of PTENK27-polyUb, by a single nucleotide mutation generated using CRISPR/Cas9 (PtenK80R/K80R), exhibit inhibition of EMT markers during mammary gland morphogenesis in pregnancy/lactation and during cutaneous wound healing processes. Our findings illustrate an unexpected paradigm in which the lncRNA-dependent switch in PTEN protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity is important for physiological homeostasis and disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunlai Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGroven Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Heidi Hsiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tina K Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peter K Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sergey D Egranov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David H Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Marks
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGroven Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Program in Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Program in Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tian Y, Li H, Qiu T, Dai J, Zhang Y, Chen J, Cai H. Loss of PTEN induces lung fibrosis via alveolar epithelial cell senescence depending on NF-κB activation. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12858. [PMID: 30548445 PMCID: PMC6351835 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an aging‐associated disease with poor prognosis. Currently, there are no effective drugs for preventing the disease process. The mechanisms underlying the role of alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) senescence in the pathogenesis of IPF remain poorly understood. We aimed to explore whether PTEN/NF‐κB activated AEC senescence thus resulting in lung fibrosis. First, we investigated the association between the activation of PTEN/NF‐κB and cellular senescence in lung tissues from IPF patients. As a result, decreased PTEN, activated NF‐κB and increased senescent markers (P21WAF1, P16ink4a, and SA‐β‐gal) were found in AECs in fibrotic lung tissues detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF). In vitro experiments showed increased expression levels of senescent markers and augmented senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in AECs treated with bleomycin (Blm); however, PTEN was reduced significantly following IκB, IKK, and NF‐κB activation after stimulation with Blm in AECs. AEC senescence was accelerated by PTEN knockdown, whereas senescence was reversed via NF‐κB knockdown and the pharmacological inhibition (BMS‐345541) of the NF‐κB pathway. Interestingly, we observed increased collagen deposition in fibroblasts cultured with the supernatants collected from senescent AECs. Conversely, the deposition of collagen in fibroblasts was reduced with exposure to the supernatants collected from NF‐κB knockdown AECs. These findings indicated that senescent AECs controlled by the PTEN/NF‐κB pathway facilitated collagen accumulation in fibroblasts, resulting in lung fibrosis. In conclusion, our study supports the notion that as an initial step in IPF, the senescence process in AECs may be a potential therapeutic target, and the PTEN/NF‐κB pathway may be a promising candidate for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine KunShan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Kunshan China
| | - Jinghong Dai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| | - Yingwei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Wuxi People’s Hospital Nanjing Medical University Wuxi China
| | - Hourong Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
TTC3 contributes to TGF-β 1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and myofibroblast differentiation, potentially through SMURF2 ubiquitylation and degradation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:92. [PMID: 30696809 PMCID: PMC6351531 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) acts as a key cytokine in epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) and myofibroblast differentiation, which are important for normal tissue repair and fibrotic diseases. Ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of TGF-β signaling proteins acts as a regulatory mechanism for the precise control of TGF-β signaling. SMAD-specific ubiquitin E3 ligase (SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 2, SMURF2) controls TGF-β signaling proteins including the TGF-β receptor (TGFR) and SMAD2/3. Here, we report that tetratricopeptide repeat domain 3 (TTC3), a ubiquitin E3 ligase, positively regulates TGF-β1-induced EMT and myofibroblast differentiation, through inducing ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of SMURF2. In human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and normal human lung fibroblasts, TTC3 knockdown suppressed TGF-β1-induced EMT and myofibroblast differentiation, respectively. Similarly, when TTC3 expression was suppressed, the TGF-β1-stimulated elevation of p-SMAD2, SMAD2, p-SMAD3, and SMAD3 were inhibited. In contrast, overexpression of TTC3 caused both EMT and myofibroblast differentiation in the absence of TGF-β1 treatment. TGF-β1 reduced SMURF2 levels and TTC3 overexpression led to a further decrease in SMURF2 levels, while TTC3 knockdown inhibited TGF-β1-induced SMURF2 reduction. In cell and in vitro ubiquitylation assays demonstrated TTC3-mediated SMURF2 ubiquitylation, and coimmunoprecipitation assays established the binding between SMURF2 and TTC3. TGF-β1-induced TTC3 expression was inhibited by the knockdown of SMAD2 and SMAD3. Finally, Ttc3 mRNA levels were significantly increased and Smurf2 protein levels were significantly decreased in the lungs of mice treated with bleomycin as compared with the lungs of control mice. Collectively, these data suggest that TTC3 may contribute to TGF-β1-induced EMT and myofibroblast differentiation, potentially through SMURF2 ubiquitylation/proteasomal degradation and subsequent inhibition of SMURF2-mediated suppression of SMAD2 and SMAD3, which in turn induces TTC3 expression.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen Y, Dong J, Liu J, Xu W, Wei Z, Li Y, Wu H, Xiao H. Network Pharmacology-Based Investigation of Protective Mechanism of Aster tataricus on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E543. [PMID: 30696024 PMCID: PMC6387216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical condition that badly influences people's health. Recent studies indicated that Aster tataricus (RA) had potential effects on ALI, but the effective components and their mechanism is not clear. In this study, we found that the Fraction-75 eluted from RA extract could significantly protect the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice, including alleviating the severity of lung pathology, attenuating the pulmonary edema, and reducing the release of inflammatory cells. Further ingredient analyses demonstrated that there were mainly 16 components in it, among which 10 components were collected according to their relative peak area and oral bioavailability. Next, the components-disease targets network suggested that the candidate components had extensive associations with 49 known therapeutic targets of ALI, among which 31 targets could be regulated by more than one component. Herein, GO functional and pathway analysis revealed that the common targets were associated with four biological processes, including the inflammatory response to stimulus, cellular process, chemokine biosynthetic process and immune system process. Furthermore, the ELISA validation indicated that the candidate components in RA extract may protect the LPS-induced ALI mainly through inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines and promoting the repair of vascular endothelial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Chen
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Dong
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ziyi Wei
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yueting Li
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang X, Jin T, Huang X, Liu X, Liu Z, Jia Y, Hao J. Effects of the tumor suppressor PTEN on biological behaviors of activated pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic fibrosis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 373:132-144. [PMID: 30321515 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), when activated, are characterized by proliferation and collagen synthesis, and contribute to extracellular matrix deposition in pancreatic fibrosis. Concomitantly, fibrosis is linked with the loss of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) protein in several organs. This study investigated the association between PTEN protein levels and the activated or apoptotic status of PSCs in a rat model of chronic pancreatitis. In addition, the activation status and biological behaviors of culture-activated PSCs were analyzed after lentiviral transfection with wildtype or mutant (G129E) PTEN for upregulation, or PTEN short hairpin RNA for downregulation, of PTEN. In vivo, PTEN levels gradually decreased during pancreatic fibrosis, which positively correlated with apoptosis of activated PSCs, but negatively with PSC activation. In vitro, activated PSCs with wildtype PTEN showed less proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis compared with control PSCs, and greater numbers were apoptotic; activated PSCs with mutant PTEN showed similar, but weaker, effects. Furthermore, AKT and FAK/ERK signaling was involved in this process. In summary, activated PSCs during pancreatic fibrosis in vivo have lower levels of PTEN. In vitro, PTEN appears to prevent PSCs from further activation and promotes apoptosis through regulation of the AKT and FAK/ERK pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Tong Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yanjun Jia
- Department of Medical Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cui Y, Yang S. Overexpression of Annexin A1 protects against benzo[a]pyrene‑induced bronchial epithelium injury. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:349-357. [PMID: 29749523 PMCID: PMC6059690 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of asthma is increasing worldwide. Bronchial epithelium injury is common in asthma. The regulatory role of Annexin A1 (ANXA1) in bronchial epithelium injury is currently not well understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of ANXA1 on bronchial epithelium injury. The cell viability and levels of apoptosis were respectively tested by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and the activity of oxidative indicators were assessed by commercial kits. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect the activity of active caspase-3. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were used to determine the expression levels of the target factors. The results demonstrated that ANXA1 improved the viability of benzo[a]pyrene (Bap)-treated bronchial epithelial cells. The Bap-induced oxidative stress was mitigated by the reduction in ROS generation, and the regulation of the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidases, malondialdehyde and lactic dehydrogenase. In addition, apoptosis was decreased by ANXA1 via the reduction of the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and the increase in the expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein and cyclin D1. Furthermore, the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was rescued and the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) was depressed by ANXA1, when compared with the Bap group. SF1670 treatment reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of ANXA1. In conclusion, the results highlighted the protective effects of ANXA1 on bronchial epithelium injury, which most likely occurred via the PTEN/FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, the present study contributes to a potential therapeutic strategy for asthma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Cui
- Department of Tuberculosis, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital/Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shengya Yang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital/Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bueno M, Brands J, Voltz L, Fiedler K, Mays B, St. Croix C, Sembrat J, Mallampalli RK, Rojas M, Mora AL. ATF3 represses PINK1 gene transcription in lung epithelial cells to control mitochondrial homeostasis. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29363258 PMCID: PMC5847866 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PINK1 (PTEN‐induced putative kinase 1) is a key regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis that is relatively depleted in aging lungs and in lung epithelial cells from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a disease linked with aging. Impaired PINK1 expression and accumulation of damaged mitochondria in lung epithelial cells from fibrotic lungs were associated with the presence of ER stress. Here, we show that ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3), a member of the integrated stress response (ISR), negatively regulates transcription of the PINK1 gene. An ATF3 binding site within the human PINK1 promoter is located in the first 150 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Induction of ER stress or overexpression of ATF3 inhibited the activity of the PINK1 promoter. Importantly, overexpression of ATF3 causes accumulation of depolarized mitochondria, increased production of mitochondrial ROS, and loss of cell viability. Furthermore, conditional deletion of ATF3 in type II lung epithelial cells protects mice from bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis. Finally, we observed that ATF3 expression increases in the lung with age and, specially, in lung epithelial cells from IPF lungs. These data provide a unique link between ATF3 and PINK1 expression suggesting that persistent stress, driven by ATF3, can dysregulate mitochondrial homeostasis by repression of PINK1 mRNA synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bueno
- Vascular Medicine Institute; Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Judith Brands
- Vascular Medicine Institute; Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Lauren Voltz
- Vascular Medicine Institute; Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Kaitlin Fiedler
- Vascular Medicine Institute; Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Brenton Mays
- Vascular Medicine Institute; Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | | | - John Sembrat
- Vascular Medicine Institute; Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Vascular Medicine Institute; Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Ana L. Mora
- Vascular Medicine Institute; Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ye X, Hong W, Hao B, Peng G, Huang L, Zhao Z, Zhou Y, Zheng M, Li C, Liang C, Yi E, Pu J, Li B, Ran P. PM2.5 promotes human bronchial smooth muscle cell migration via the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Respir Res 2018; 19:37. [PMID: 29499705 PMCID: PMC5833105 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The contribution of airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been well documented, with airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration playing a role in the remodeling process. Here, we aimed to verify the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on human bronchial smooth muscle cell (HBSMC) migration and to explore the underlying signaling pathways. Methods HBSMC apoptosis, proliferation and migration were measured using flow cytometry, cell counting and transwell migration assays, respectively. The role of the hedgehog pathway in cell migration was assessed by western blotting to measure the expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Gli1 and Snail. Furthermore, siRNA was used to knock down Gli1 or Snail expression. Results PM2.5 induced HBSMC apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, although certain concentrations of PM2.5 did not induce HBSMC proliferation or apoptosis. Interestingly, cell migration was stimulated by PM2.5 doses far below those that induced apoptosis. Additional experiments revealed that these PM2.5 doses enhanced the expression of Shh, Gli1 and Snail in HBSMCs. Furthermore, PM2.5-induced cell migration and protein expression were enhanced by recombinant Shh and attenuated by cyclopamine. Similar results were obtained by knocking down Gli1 or Snail. Conclusions These findings suggest that PM2.5, which may exert its effects through the Shh signaling pathway, is necessary for the migration of HBSMCs. These data define a novel role for PM2.5 in airway remodeling in COPD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-017-0702-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Binwei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongyong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingmei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Respiratory Department of the First Hospital of Yueyang City, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuxiang Zhao
- The First Affiliated Municipal Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erkang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vyas-Read S, Vance RJ, Wang W, Colvocoresses-Dodds J, Brown LA, Koval M. Hyperoxia induces paracellular leak and alters claudin expression by neonatal alveolar epithelial cells. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:17-27. [PMID: 29168340 PMCID: PMC5938176 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature neonates frequently require oxygen supplementation as a therapeutic intervention that, while necessary, also exposes the lung to significant oxidant stress. We hypothesized that hyperoxia has a deleterious effect on alveolar epithelial barrier function rendering the neonatal lung susceptible to injury and/or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effects of exposure to 85% oxygen on neonatal rat alveolar barrier function in vitro and in vivo. Whole lung was measured using wet-to-dry weight ratios and bronchoalveolar lavage protein content and cultured primary neonatal alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) were measured using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and paracellular flux measurements. Expression of claudin-family tight junction proteins, E-cadherin and the Snail transcription factor SNAI1 were measured by Q-PCR, immunoblot and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Cultured neonatal AECs exposed to 85% oxygen showed impaired barrier function. This oxygen-induced increase in paracellular leak was associated with altered claudin expression, where claudin-3 and -18 were downregulated at both the mRNA and protein level. Claudin-4 and -5 mRNA were also decreased, although protein expression of these claudins was largely maintained. Lung alveolarization and barrier function in vivo were impaired in response to hyperoxia. Oxygen exposure also significantly decreased E-cadherin expression and induced expression of the SNAI1 transcription factor in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These data support a model in which hyperoxia has a direct impact on alveolar tight and adherens junctions to impair barrier function. Strategies to antagonize the effects of high oxygen on alveolar junctions may potentially reverse this deleterious effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Vyas-Read
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rachel J Vance
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Lou Ann Brown
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael Koval
- Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Capelozzi VL, Allen TC, Beasley MB, Cagle PT, Guinee D, Hariri LP, Husain AN, Jain D, Lantuejoul S, Larsen BT, Miller R, Mino-Kenudson M, Mehrad M, Raparia K, Roden A, Schneider F, Sholl LM, Smith ML. Molecular and Immune Biomarkers in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:1719-1727. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0115-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a multifactorial syndrome with high morbidity and mortality rates, characterized by deficiency in gas exchange and lung mechanics that lead to hypoxemia, dyspnea, and respiratory failure. Histologically, ARDS is characterized by an acute, exudative phase, combining diffuse alveolar damage and noncardiogenic edema, followed by a later fibroproliferative phase. Despite an enhanced understanding of ARDS pathogenesis, the capacity to predict the development of ARDS and to risk-stratify patients with the disease remains limited. Biomarkers may help to identify patients at the greatest risk of developing ARDS, to evaluate response to therapy, to predict outcome, and to improve clinical trials. The ARDS pathogenesis is presented in this article, as well as concepts and information on biomarkers that are currently used clinically or are available for laboratory use by academic and practicing pathologists and the developing and validating of new assays, focusing on the assays' major biologic roles in lung injury and/or repair and to ultimately suggest innovative, therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
26
|
Deletion of SMARCA4 impairs alveolar epithelial type II cells proliferation and aggravates pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Genes Dis 2017; 4:204-214. [PMID: 30258924 PMCID: PMC6147121 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) injury and failed reconstitution of the AECs barrier are both integral to alveolar flooding and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms regulating the regeneration of AECs post-injury still remain unclear. SMARCA4 is a part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complex SWI/SNF, which is essential for kidney and heart fibrosis. We investigates SMARCA4 function in lung fibrosis by establishing PF mice model with bleomycin firstly and found that the expression of SMARCA4 was mainly enhanced in alveolar type II (ATII) cells. Moreover, we established an alveolar epithelium-specific SMARCA4-deleted SP-C-rtTA/(tetO)7-Cre/SMARCA4f/f mice (SOSM4Δ/Δ) model, as well as a new SMARCA4-deleted alveolar type II (ATII)-like mle-12 cell line. We found that the bleomycin-induced PF was more aggressive in SOSM4Δ/Δ mice. Also, the proliferation of ATII cells was decreased with the loss of SMARCA4 in vivo and in vitro. In addition, we observed increased proliferation of ATII cells accompanied by abnormally high expression of SMARCA4 in human PF lung sections. These data uncovered the indispensable role of SMARCA4 in the proliferation of ATII cells, which might affect the progression of PF.
Collapse
|
27
|
Phenotypic screening identifies Axl kinase as a negative regulator of an alveolar epithelial cell phenotype. J Transl Med 2017; 97:1047-1062. [PMID: 28553934 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of epithelial barrier integrity is implicated in a number of human lung diseases. However, the molecular pathways underlying this process are poorly understood. In a phenotypic screen, we identified Axl kinase as a negative regulator of epithelial phenotype and function. Furthermore, suppression of Axl activity by a small molecule kinase inhibitor or downregulation of Axl expression by small interfering RNA led to: (1) the increase in epithelial surfactant protein expression; (2) a cell morphology transition from front-rear polarity to cuboidal shape; (3) the cytoskeletal re-organization resulting in decreased cell mobility; and (4) the acquisition of epithelial junctions. Loss of Axl activity reduced activation of the Axl canonical pathway members, Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 and resulted in the loss of gene expression of a unique profile of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcription factors including SNAI2, HOXA5, TBX2 or TBX3. Finally, we observed that Axl was activated in hyperplasia of epithelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis where epithelial barrier integrity was lost. These results suggest that the Axl kinase signaling pathway is associated with the loss integrity of alveolar epithelium in pathological remodeling of human lung diseases.
Collapse
|
28
|
Mao P, Li J, Huang Y, Wu S, Pang X, He W, Liu X, Slutsky AS, Zhang H, Li Y. MicroRNA-19b Mediates Lung Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 3-Phosphatase in Response to Mechanical Stretch. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:11-19. [PMID: 27508324 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0377oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in ventilation-associated lung fibrosis, which may contribute to the poor outcome of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Because microRNAs control and modulate normal physiological and pathophysiological processes, we investigated the role of microRNAs in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome-associated EMT in response to mechanical stress. In the current study, primary human alveolar epithelial type II (AEII) cells were subjected to cyclic stretch that resulted in EMT profiles with decreased gene expression of cytokeratin-8, E-cadherin, and surfactant protein B, and increased expression of vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, and N-cadherin. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of microRNA-19b (miR-19b) was up-regulated in the AEII cells, and real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression of miR-19b increased in both the AEII cells and the primary human small-airway epithelial cells. Overexpression of miR-19b in small-airway epithelial cells promoted the mechanical stretch-induced EMT phenotypes, whereas inhibition of miR-19b attenuated it. The inhibitory effect of miR-19b was attributed to enhanced signaling of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase (PTEN), leading to inactivation of the AKT pathway. Restoration of PTEN expression or inhibition of AKT phosphorylation suppressed the mechanical stretch-induced EMT phenotypes. We further demonstrated that the mechanical stretch-induced miR19 expression was regulated by the focal adhesion kinase-Rho pathway. In conclusion, we found that miR-19b plays a key role in the development of the EMT phenotype through down-regulation of PTEN in human lung epithelial cells in response to mechanical stretch. The miR-19b-PTEN signaling pathway may serve as a novel therapeutic target in the context of ventilator-associated lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Mao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianchun Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongbo Huang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songlin Wu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Pang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqun He
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Arthur S Slutsky
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and the.,Departments of 4 Medicine
| | - Haibo Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Departments of 4 Medicine.,5 Anesthesia, and.,6 Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yimin Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yanagisawa S, Baker JR, Vuppusetty C, Fenwick P, Donnelly LE, Ito K, Barnes PJ. Decreased phosphatase PTEN amplifies PI3K signaling and enhances proinflammatory cytokine release in COPD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L230-L239. [PMID: 28522564 PMCID: PMC5582930 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00382.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is activated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the regulatory mechanisms for this pathway are yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the expression and role of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN), a negative regulator of the PI3K pathway, in COPD. PTEN protein expression was measured in the peripheral lung of COPD patients compared with smoking and nonsmoking controls. The direct influence of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on PTEN expression was assessed using primary lung epithelial cells and a cell line (BEAS-2B) in the presence or absence of l-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete intracellular glutathione. The impact of PTEN knockdown by RNA interference on cytokine production was also examined. In peripheral lung, PTEN protein was significantly decreased in patients with COPD compared with the subjects without COPD (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with the severity of airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume in 1-s percent predicted; r = 0.50; P = 0.0012). Conversely, phosphorylated Akt, as a marker of PI3K activation, showed a negative correlation with PTEN protein levels (r = -0.41; P = 0.0042). In both primary bronchial epithelial cells and BEAS-2B cells, CSE decreased PTEN protein, which was reversed by N-acetyl cysteine treatment. PTEN knockdown potentiated Akt phosphorylation and enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, CXCL8, CCL2, and CCL5. In conclusion, oxidative stress reduces PTEN protein levels, which may result in increased PI3K signaling and amplification of inflammation in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yanagisawa
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Baker
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chaitanya Vuppusetty
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Fenwick
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kazuhiro Ito
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen L, Liu H, Wang Y, Xia H, Gong J, Li B, Yao S, Shang Y. Maresin 1 Maintains the Permeability of Lung Epithelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Inflammation 2017; 39:1981-1989. [PMID: 27613620 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports showed that Maresin 1 (MaR1) possessed organ protection effects and could attenuate acute lung injury. Here, we aim to figure out whether MaR1 can maintain the permeability of lung epithelial cells by regulating the expression of tight junction protein during lung injury. Monolayer of murine lung epithelial cells was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without MaR1 and the permeability was evaluated. The expression of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 in lung epithelial cells was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. MaR1 was given to the mice after LPS induced acute lung injury. The permeability of lung was assessed by Evans Blue extravasation, lung wet/dry ratio and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Lung injury score was also evaluated. The expression of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 in the lung was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Results showed that MaR1 maintained the permeability of lung epithelial cells and upregulated the expression of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 after LPS stimulation. In acute lung injury mice, MaR1 upregulated the expression of Claudin-1 and ZO-1, decreased lung permeability, and reduced lung injury. In summary, this study suggests that MaR1 can maintain the permeability of lung epithelial cells by upregulating the expression of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 in acute lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Haifa Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yanagi S, Tsubouchi H, Miura A, Matsuo A, Matsumoto N, Nakazato M. The Impacts of Cellular Senescence in Elderly Pneumonia and in Age-Related Lung Diseases That Increase the Risk of Respiratory Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030503. [PMID: 28245616 PMCID: PMC5372519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia generates considerable negative impacts on the elderly. Despite the widespread uses of vaccines and appropriate antibiotics, the morbidity and mortality of elderly pneumonia are significantly higher compared to the counterparts of young populations. The definitive mechanisms of high vulnerability in the elderly against pathogen threats are unclear. Age-associated, chronic low-grade inflammation augments the susceptibility and severity of pneumonia in the elderly. Cellular senescence, one of the hallmarks of aging, has its own characteristics, cell growth arrest and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These properties are beneficial if the sequence of senescence–clearance–regeneration is transient in manner. However, persisting senescent cell accumulation and excessive SASP might induce sustained low-grade inflammation and disruption of normal tissue microenvironments in aged tissue. Emerging evidence indicates that cellular senescence is a key component in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which are known to be age-related and increase the risk of pneumonia. In addition to their structural collapses, COPD and IPF might increase the vulnerability to pathogen insults through SASP. Here, we discuss the current advances in understanding of the impacts of cellular senescence in elderly pneumonia and in these chronic lung disorders that heighten the risk of respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Yanagi
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki; Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Tsubouchi
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki; Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Ayako Miura
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki; Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Ayako Matsuo
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki; Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Matsumoto
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki; Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Nakazato
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki; Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kimura M, Hashimoto N, Kusunose M, Aoyama D, Sakamoto K, Miyazaki S, Ando A, Omote N, Imaizumi K, Kawabe T, Hasegawa Y. Exogenous induction of unphosphorylated PTEN reduces TGFβ-induced extracellular matrix expressions in lung fibroblasts. Wound Repair Regen 2017; 25:86-97. [PMID: 28019709 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) plays an important role in regulating aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) production from alveolar/epithelial cells (AECs) and fibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis. Although the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) can negatively control many TGFβ-activated signaling pathways via the phosphatase activity, hyperactivation of the TGFβ-related signaling pathways is often observed in fibrosis. Loss of PTEN expression might cause TGFβ-induced ECM production. In addition, TGFβ was recently shown to induce loss of PTEN enzymatic activity by phosphorylating the PTEN C-terminus. Therefore, we hypothesized that exogenous transfer of unphosphorylated PTEN (PTEN4A) might lead to reduce TGFβ-induced ECM expression in not only epithelial cells but also fibroblasts. Adenovirus-based exogenous PTEN4A induction successfully reduced TGFβ-induced fibronectin expression and retained β-catenin at the cell membrane in human epithelial cells. Exogenous unphosphorylated PTEN also attenuated TGFβ-induced ECM production and inhibited TGFβ-induced β-catenin translocation in a human fibroblast cell line and in mouse primary isolated lung fibroblasts. Conversely, TGFβ-induced α-smooth muscle actin expression did not seem to be inhibited in these fibroblasts. Our data suggest that exogenous administration of unphosphorylated PTEN might be a promising strategy to restore TGFβ-induced loss of PTEN activity and reduce aberrant TGFβ-induced ECM production from epithelial cells and fibroblasts in lung fibrosis as compared with wild-type PTEN induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Kimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kusunose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihiro Omote
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Imaizumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and allergy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kawabe
- Department of Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Flodby P, Liebler JM, Sunohara M, Castillo DR, McConnell AM, Krishnaveni MS, Banfalvi A, Li M, Stripp B, Zhou B, Crandall ED, Minoo P, Borok Z. Region-specific role for Pten in maintenance of epithelial phenotype and integrity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 312:L131-L142. [PMID: 27864284 PMCID: PMC5283927 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00005.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated resistance to naphthalene-induced injury in proximal airways of mice with lung epithelial-specific deletion of the tumor-suppressor gene Pten, attributed to increased proliferation of airway progenitors. We tested effects of Pten loss following bleomycin injury, a model typically used to study distal lung epithelial injury, in conditional PtenSFTPC-cre knockout mice. Pten-deficient airway epithelium exhibited marked hyperplasia, particularly in small bronchioles and at bronchoalveolar duct junctions, with reduced E-cadherin and β-catenin expression between cells toward the luminal aspect of the hyperplastic epithelium. Bronchiolar epithelial and alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells in PtenSFTPC-cre mice showed decreased expression of epithelial markers and increased expression of mesenchymal markers, suggesting at least partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition at baseline. Surprisingly, and in contrast to previous studies, mutant mice were exquisitely sensitive to bleomycin, manifesting rapid weight loss, respiratory distress, increased early mortality (by day 5), and reduced dynamic lung compliance. This was accompanied by sloughing of the hyperplastic airway epithelium with occlusion of small bronchioles by cellular debris, without evidence of increased parenchymal lung injury. Increased airway epithelial cell apoptosis due to loss of antioxidant defenses, reflected by decreased expression of superoxide dismutase 3, in combination with deficient intercellular adhesion, likely predisposed to airway sloughing in knockout mice. These findings demonstrate an important role for Pten in maintenance of airway epithelial phenotype integrity and indicate that responses to Pten deletion in respiratory epithelium following acute lung injury are highly context-dependent and region-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per Flodby
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Janice M Liebler
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mitsuhiro Sunohara
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dan R Castillo
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alicia M McConnell
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Manda S Krishnaveni
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Agnes Banfalvi
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Min Li
- Division of Neonatalogy, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Barry Stripp
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edward D Crandall
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Division of Neonatalogy, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zea Borok
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Effect of Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue on Chromosome 10 on Angiotensin II-Mediated Proliferation, Collagen Synthesis, and Akt/P27 Signaling in Neonatal Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2860516. [PMID: 27747225 PMCID: PMC5055941 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2860516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) play a key role in cardiac fibrosis by regulating the balance between extracellular matrix synthesis and breakdown. Although phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome 10 (PTEN) has been found to play an important role in cardiovascular disease, it is not clear whether PTEN is involved in functional regulation of CFs. In the present study, PTEN was overexpressed in neonatal rat CFs via recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. The effects of PTEN overexpression on cell-cycle progression and angiotensin II- (Ang II-) mediated regulation of collagen metabolism, synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases, and Akt/P27 signaling were investigated. Compared with uninfected cells and cells infected with green fluorescent protein-expressing adenovirus (Ad-GFP), cells infected with PTEN-expressing adenovirus (Ad-PTEN) significantly increased PTEN protein and mRNA levels in CFs (P < 0.05). The proportion of CFs in the G1/S cell-cycle phase was significantly higher for PTEN-overexpressing cells. In addition, Ad-PTEN decreased mRNA expression and the protein synthesis rate of collagen types I and III and antagonized Ang II-induced collagen synthesis. Overexpression of PTEN also decreased Ang II-induced matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) production as well as gelatinase activity. Moreover, Ad-PTEN decreased Akt expression and increased P27 expression independent of Ang II stimulation. These results suggest that PTEN could regulate its functional effects in neonatal rat CFs partially via the Akt/P27 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
36
|
Kulkarni T, de Andrade J, Zhou Y, Luckhardt T, Thannickal VJ. Alveolar epithelial disintegrity in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L185-91. [PMID: 27233996 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00115.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease characterized by progressive decline in lung function, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Current concepts of the pathogenesis of IPF primarily center on dysregulated epithelial cell repair and altered epithelial-mesenchymal communication and extracellular matrix deposition following chronic exposure to cigarette smoke or environmental toxins. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward the role of the intercellular junctional complex in determining the specific properties of epithelia in pulmonary diseases. Additionally, recent genomewide association studies suggest that specific genetic variants predictive of epithelial cell dysfunction may confer susceptibility to the development of sporadic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A number of genetic disorders linked to pulmonary fibrosis and familial interstitial pneumonias are associated with loss of epithelial integrity. However, the potential links between extrapulmonary clinical syndromes associated with defects in epithelial cells and the development of pulmonary fibrosis are not well understood. Here, we report a case of hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia that presented with pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema on high-resolution computed tomography. This case illustrates a more generalizable concept of epithelial disintegrity in the development of fibrotic lung diseases, which is explored in greater detail in this review article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joao de Andrade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tracy Luckhardt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xie B, Zheng G, Li H, Yao X, Hong R, Li R, Yue W, Chen Y. Effects of the tumor suppressor PTEN on the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Chinese patients. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2715-23. [PMID: 26846484 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressive interstitial fibrosis, and is associated with a fatal outcome. The critical pathological mechanisms underlying IPF are largely unknown; however, accumulating evidence has indicated similarities between IPF and cancer. Therefore, the present study examined the expression levels of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in Chinese patients with IPF, using an enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. To determine the effects of PTEN on the development of pulmonary fibrosis, PTEN was overexpressed in transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1‑treated human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HFL‑I cells). The serum levels of PTEN were significantly lower in 42 patients with IPF, as compared with in the healthy controls. In addition, PTEN overexpression enhanced apoptosis, and suppressed basal levels of proliferation and migration in fibroblasts. Notably, PTEN was able to specifically inhibit TGF‑β1‑induced proliferation and migration of the cells. Overexpression of PTEN also suppressed phosphorylation of Akt and Smad3, and decreased the expression levels of numerous proteins with critical roles in TGF‑β1‑induced fibrosis, including α‑smooth muscle actin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2 and MMP‑9. These results indicated that PTEN may inhibit TGF‑β1‑mediated myofibroblast differentiation of fibroblasts by attenuating signaling via the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/Akt and TGF‑β/Smad3 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baosong Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Guanying Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Hongru Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Rujun Hong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Ruihui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiang Yue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Epiplakin Is a Paraneoplastic Pemphigus Autoantigen and Related to Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Japanese Patients. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:399-408. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
39
|
Tang Y, Liu B, Li J, Wu H, Yang J, Zhou X, Yi M, Li Q, Yu S, Yuan X. Genetic variants in PI3K/AKT pathway are associated with severe radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients treated with radiation therapy. Cancer Med 2015; 5:24-32. [PMID: 26645682 PMCID: PMC4708901 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K/AKT pathway plays important roles in inflammatory and fibrotic diseases while its connection to radiation pneumonitis (RP) is unclear. In this study, we explored the associations of genetic variants in PI3K/AKT pathway with RP in lung cancer patients with radiotherapy. Two hundred and sixty one lung cancer patients with radiotherapy were included in this prospective study (NCT02490319) and genotyped by MassArray and Sanger Sequence methods. By multivariate Cox hazard analysis and multiple testing, GA/GG genotype of AKT2: rs33933140 (HR = 0.272, 95% CI: 0.140–0.530, P = 1.3E–4, Pc = 9.1E–4), and the GT/GG genotype of PI3CA: rs9838117 (HR = 0.132, 95% CI: 0.042–0.416, P = 0.001, Pc = 0.006) were found to be strongly associated with a decreased occurrence of RP ≥ grade 3. And patients with the CT/TT genotype of AKT2: rs11880261 had a notably higher incidence of RP ≥ grade 3 (HR = 2.950, 95% CI: 1.380–6.305, P = 0.005, Pc = 0.025). We concluded that the genetic variants of PI3K/AKT pathway were significantly related to RP of grade ≥ 3 and may thus be predictors of severe RP before radiotherapy, if further validated in larger population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huanlei Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mingxiao Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qianxia Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shiying Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu H, Wang X, Liu S, Li H, Yuan X, Feng B, Bai H, Zhao B, Chu Y, Li H. Effects and mechanism of miR-23b on glucose-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 70:149-60. [PMID: 26646104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, hyperglycaemia induces damage to renal tubular epithelial cells, which may lead to EMT in diabetic nephropathy. However, the effects of miRNAs on EMT in diabetic nephropathy are poorly understood. In the present study, we found that the level of microRNA-23b (miR-23b) was significantly decreased in high glucose (HG)-induced human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) and in kidney tissues of db/db mice. Overexpression of miR-23b attenuated HG-induced EMT, whereas knockdown of miR-23b induced normal glucose (NG)-mediated EMT in HK2 cells. Mechanistically, miR-23b suppressed EMT in diabetic nephropathy by targeting high mobility group A2 (HMGA2), thereby repressing PI3K-AKT signalling pathway activation. Additionally, HMGA2 knockdown or inhibition of the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway with LY294002 mimicked the effects of miR-23b overexpression on HG-mediated EMT, whereas HMGA2 overexpression or activation of the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway with BpV prevented the effects of miR-23b on HG-mediated EMT. We also confirmed that overexpression of miR-23b alleviated EMT, decreased the expression levels of EMT-related genes, ameliorated renal morphology, glycogen accumulation, fibrotic responses and improved renal functions in db/db mice. Taken together, we showed for the first time that miR-23b acts as a suppressor of EMT in diabetic nephropathy through repressing PI3K-AKT signalling pathway activation by targeting HMGA2, which maybe a potential therapeutic target for diabetes-induced renal dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China; Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, PR China
| | - Shengfeng Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, PR China
| | - Xiaohuan Yuan
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, PR China
| | - Biao Feng
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, PR China
| | - He Bai
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, PR China
| | - Binghai Zhao
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, PR China.
| | - Yanhui Chu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, PR China.
| | - Hongjian Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mathew B, Takekoshi D, Sammani S, Epshtein Y, Sharma R, Smith BD, Mitra S, Desai AA, Weichselbaum RR, Garcia JGN, Jacobson JR. Role of GADD45a in murine models of radiation- and bleomycin-induced lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1420-9. [PMID: 26498248 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00146.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported protective effects of GADD45a (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 45 alpha) in murine ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) via effects on Akt-mediated endothelial cell signaling. In the present study we investigated the role of GADD45a in separate murine models of radiation- and bleomycin-induced lung injury. Initial studies of wild-type mice subjected to single-dose thoracic radiation (10 Gy) confirmed a significant increase in lung GADD45a expression within 24 h and persistent at 6 wk. Mice deficient in GADD45a (GADD45a(-/-)) demonstrated increased susceptibility to radiation-induced lung injury (RILI, 10 Gy) evidenced by increased bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid total cell counts, protein and albumin levels, and levels of inflammatory cytokines compared with RILI-challenged wild-type animals at 2 and 4 wk. Furthermore, GADD45a(-/-) mice had decreased total and phosphorylated lung Akt levels both at baseline and 6 wk after RILI challenge relative to wild-type mice while increased RILI susceptibility was observed in both Akt(+/-) mice and mice treated with an Akt inhibitor beginning 1 wk prior to irradiation. Additionally, overexpression of a constitutively active Akt1 transgene reversed RILI-susceptibility in GADD45a(-/-) mice. In separate studies, lung fibrotic changes 2 wk after treatment with bleomycin (0.25 U/kg IT) was significantly increased in GADD45a(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice assessed by lung collagen content and histology. These data implicate GADD45a as an important modulator of lung inflammatory responses across different injury models and highlight GADD45a-mediated signaling as a novel target in inflammatory lung injury clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biji Mathew
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daisuke Takekoshi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Saad Sammani
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yulia Epshtein
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rajesh Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brett D Smith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Sumegha Mitra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Joe G N Garcia
- Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey R Jacobson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Breakdown of Epithelial Barrier Integrity and Overdrive Activation of Alveolar Epithelial Cells in the Pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Lung Fibrosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:573210. [PMID: 26523279 PMCID: PMC4615219 DOI: 10.1155/2015/573210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Individual alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) collaboratively form a tight barrier between atmosphere and fluid-filled tissue to enable normal gas exchange. The tight junctions of AECs provide intercellular sealing and are integral to the maintenance of the AEC barrier integrity. Disruption and failure of reconstitution of AEC barrier result in catastrophic consequences, leading to alveolar flooding and subsequent devastating fibrotic scarring. Recent evidences reveal that many of the fibrotic lung diseases involve AECs both as a frequent target of injury and as a driver of ongoing pathological processes. Aberrantly activated AECs express most of the growth factors and chemokines responsible for the proliferation, migration, and activation of fibroblasts. Current evidences suggest that AECs may acquire overdrive activation in the initial step of fibrosis by several mechanisms, including abnormal recapitulation of the developmental pathway, defects of the molecules essential for epithelial integrity, and acceleration of aging-related properties. Among these initial triggering events, epithelial Pten, a multiple phosphatase that negatively regulates the PI3K/Akt pathway and is crucial for lung development, is essential for the prevention of alveolar flooding and lung fibrosis through the regulation of AEC barrier integrity after injury. Reestablishment of AEC barrier integrity also involves the deployment of specialized stem/progenitor cells.
Collapse
|
43
|
Gui YS, Wang L, Tian X, Li X, Ma A, Zhou W, Zeng N, Zhang J, Cai B, Zhang H, Chen JY, Xu KF. mTOR Overactivation and Compromised Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138625. [PMID: 26382847 PMCID: PMC4575195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in pulmonary fibrosis was investigated in cell and animal models. mTOR overactivation in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) was achieved in the conditional and inducible Tsc1 knock-down mice SPC-rtTA/TetO-Cre/Tsc1fx/+ (STT). Doxycycline caused Tsc1 knock-down and consequently mTOR activation in AECs for the STT mice. Mice treated with bleomycin exhibited increased mortality and pulmonary fibrosis compared with control mice. In wild-type C57BL/6J mice, pretreatment with rapamycin attenuated the bleomycin-mediated mortality and fibrosis. Rapamycin-mediated mouse survival benefit was inhibited by chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor. Autophagosomes were decreased in the lungs after bleomycin exposure. Rapamycin induced the production of autophagosomes and diminished p62. We concluded that mTOR overactivation in AECs and compromised autophagy in the lungs are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The suppression of mTOR and enhancement of autophagy may be used for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Song Gui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlun Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Baiqiang Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- * E-mail: (JYC); (KFX)
| | - Kai-Feng Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JYC); (KFX)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Samarakoon R, Helo S, Dobberfuhl AD, Khakoo NS, Falke L, Overstreet JM, Goldschmeding R, Higgins PJ. Loss of tumour suppressor PTEN expression in renal injury initiates SMAD3- and p53-dependent fibrotic responses. J Pathol 2015; 236:421-32. [PMID: 25810340 DOI: 10.1002/path.4538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of the tumour suppressor PTEN occurs in lung and skin fibrosis and diabetic and ischaemic renal injury. However, the potential role of PTEN and associated mechanisms in the progression of kidney fibrosis is unknown. Tubular and interstitial PTEN expression was dramatically decreased in several models of renal injury, including aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), streptozotocin (STZ)-mediated injury and ureteral unilateral obstruction (UUO), correlating with Akt, p53 and SMAD3 activation and fibrosis. Stable silencing of PTEN in HK-2 human tubular epithelial cells induced dedifferentiation and CTGF, PAI-1, vimentin, α-SMA and fibronectin expression, compared to HK-2 cells expressing control shRNA. Furthermore, PTEN knockdown stimulated Akt, SMAD3 and p53(Ser15) phosphorylation, with an accompanying decrease in population density and an increase in epithelial G1 cell cycle arrest. SMAD3 or p53 gene silencing or pharmacological blockade partially suppressed fibrotic gene expression and relieved growth inhibition orchestrated by deficiency or inhibition of PTEN. Similarly, shRNA suppression of PAI-1 rescued the PTEN loss-associated epithelial proliferative arrest. Moreover, TGFβ1-initiated fibrotic gene expression is further enhanced by PTEN depletion. Combined TGFβ1 treatment and PTEN silencing potentiated epithelial cell death via p53-dependent pathways. Thus, PTEN loss initiates tubular dysfunction via SMAD3- and p53-mediated fibrotic gene induction, with accompanying PAI-1-dependent proliferative arrest, and cooperates with TGFβ1 to induce the expression of profibrotic genes and tubular apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Samarakoon
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Sevann Helo
- Division of Urology, Albany Medical College, NY, USA
| | | | - Nidah S Khakoo
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Lucas Falke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Higgins
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical Center, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Berberine inhibits Smad and non-Smad signaling cascades and enhances autophagy against pulmonary fibrosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:1015-31. [PMID: 25877860 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibroproliferative lung disorder of unknown aetiology. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-mediated Smad and non-Smad signaling cascades are considered as central players in accelerating pulmonary fibrosis. We earlier reported berberine's amelioration against TGF-β1-mediated pro-fibrotic effects in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The present study aimed to determine the regulatory role of berberine on abrogated Smad 2/3 and FAK-dependent PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling cascades in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Male Wistar rats were subjected to single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (2.5 U/kg) on day 0, and berberine treatments were provided in either preventive or therapeutic modes, respectively. Berberine mitigated the elevated expression of fibrotic markers, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, collagens I and III and reversed bleomycin-induced ultrastructural alterations in the lungs. Berberine inhibited the bleomycin-induced raise in p-Smad 2/3 and enhanced Smad 7 expression. Berberine blocked the activation of FAK and PI3K/Akt against bleomycin-induced dysregulation, with subsequent raise in PTEN expression. In addition, by inhibiting p-mTOR, berberine stimulated autophagy as evidenced by increase in Beclin-1, LC3-II levels with enhanced autophagosome formation. Cumulatively, through targeted inhibition of dysregulated Smad and FAK-dependent PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling axis, berberine attenuated the fibrotic insults of bleomycin. KEY MESSAGE Berberine inhibits Smad 2/3 activation and enhances Smad 7 in bleomycin-induced rat lungs. Bleomycin-induced activation of FAK is inhibited by berberine. Berberine inhibits bleomycin-induced activation of PI3K/Akt cascade. Berberine inhibits mTOR activation to enhance autophagy and suppresses fibrotic markers.
Collapse
|
46
|
Parapuram SK, Thompson K, Tsang M, Hutchenreuther J, Bekking C, Liu S, Leask A. Loss of PTEN expression by mouse fibroblasts results in lung fibrosis through a CCN2-dependent mechanism. Matrix Biol 2015; 43:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
47
|
Guzy RD, Stoilov I, Elton TJ, Mecham RP, Ornitz DM. Fibroblast growth factor 2 is required for epithelial recovery, but not for pulmonary fibrosis, in response to bleomycin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:116-28. [PMID: 24988442 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0184oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis involves lung epithelial injury and aberrant proliferation of fibroblasts, and results in progressive pulmonary scarring and declining lung function. In vitro, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 promotes myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation in cooperation with the profibrotic growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1, but the in vivo requirement for FGF2 in the development of pulmonary fibrosis is not known. The bleomycin model of lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis was applied to Fgf2 knockout (Fgf2(-/-)) and littermate control mice. Weight loss, mortality, pulmonary fibrosis, and histology were analyzed after a single intranasal dose of bleomycin. Inflammation was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and epithelial barrier integrity was assessed by measuring BAL protein and Evans Blue dye permeability. Fgf2 is expressed in mouse and human lung epithelial and inflammatory cells, and, in response to bleomycin, Fgf2(-/-) mice have significantly increased mortality and weight loss. Analysis of BAL fluid and histology show that pulmonary fibrosis is unaltered, but Fgf2(-/-) mice fail to efficiently resolve inflammation, have increased BAL cellularity, and, importantly, deficient recovery of epithelial integrity. Fgf2(-/-) mice similarly have deficient recovery of club cell secretory protein(+) bronchial epithelium in response to naphthalene. We conclude that FGF2 is not required for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, but rather is essential for epithelial repair and maintaining epithelial integrity after bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice. These data identify that FGF2 acts as a protective growth factor after lung epithelial injury, and call into question the role of FGF2 as a profibrotic growth factor in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Guzy
- Departments of 1 Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Ageing is the main risk factor for major non-communicable chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, most forms of lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. While the prevalence of these diseases continually increases with age, their respective incidence peaks at different times during the lifespan, suggesting specific effects of ageing on the onset and/or pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, the nine hallmarks of ageing have been defined as cell-autonomous and non-autonomous pathways involved in ageing. Here, we review the available evidence for the involvement of each of these hallmarks in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Importantly, we propose an additional hallmark, “dysregulation of the extracellular matrix”, which we argue acts as a crucial modifier of cell-autonomous changes and functions, and as a key feature of the above-mentioned lung diseases.
Collapse
|
49
|
Bueno M, Lai YC, Romero Y, Brands J, St Croix CM, Kamga C, Corey C, Herazo-Maya JD, Sembrat J, Lee JS, Duncan SR, Rojas M, Shiva S, Chu CT, Mora AL. PINK1 deficiency impairs mitochondrial homeostasis and promotes lung fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2014; 125:521-38. [PMID: 25562319 DOI: 10.1172/jci74942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although aging is a known risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie the effects of advancing age remain largely unexplained. Some age-related neurodegenerative diseases have an etiology that is related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we found that alveolar type II cells (AECIIs) in the lungs of IPF patients exhibit marked accumulation of dysmorphic and dysfunctional mitochondria. These mitochondrial abnormalities in AECIIs of IPF lungs were associated with upregulation of ER stress markers and were recapitulated in normal mice with advancing age in response to stimulation of ER stress. We found that impaired mitochondria in IPF and aging lungs were associated with low expression of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1). Knockdown of PINK1 expression in lung epithelial cells resulted in mitochondria depolarization and expression of profibrotic factors. Moreover, young PINK1-deficient mice developed similarly dysmorphic, dysfunctional mitochondria in the AECIIs and were vulnerable to apoptosis and development of lung fibrosis. Our data indicate that PINK1 deficiency results in swollen, dysfunctional mitochondria and defective mitophagy, and promotes fibrosis in the aging lung.
Collapse
|
50
|
Role of the urokinase-fibrinolytic system in epithelial-mesenchymal transition during lung injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 185:55-68. [PMID: 25447049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar type II epithelial (ATII) cell injury precedes development of pulmonary fibrosis. Mice lacking urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are highly susceptible, whereas those deficient in plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) are resistant to lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been considered, at least in part, as a source of myofibroblast formation during fibrogenesis. However, the contribution of altered expression of major components of the uPA system on ATII cell EMT during lung injury is not well understood. To investigate whether changes in uPA and PAI-1 by ATII cells contribute to EMT, ATII cells from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and mice with bleomycin-, transforming growth factor β-, or passive cigarette smoke-induced lung injury were analyzed for uPA, PAI-1, and EMT markers. We found reduced expression of E-cadherin and zona occludens-1, whereas collagen-I and α-smooth muscle actin were increased in ATII cells isolated from injured lungs. These changes were associated with a parallel increase in PAI-1 and reduced uPA expression. Further, inhibition of Src kinase activity using caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide suppressed bleomycin-, transforming growth factor β-, or passive cigarette smoke-induced EMT and restored uPA expression while suppressing PAI-1. These studies show that induction of PAI-1 and inhibition of uPA during fibrosing lung injury lead to EMT in ATII cells.
Collapse
|