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Dahiya R, Sutariya VB, Gupta SV, Pant K, Ali H, Alhadrawi M, Kaur K, Sharma A, Rajput P, Gupta G, Almujri SS, Chinni SV. Harnessing pyroptosis for lung cancer therapy: The impact of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155444. [PMID: 38986361 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is still a global health challenge in terms of high incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Recent scientific studies have determined that pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death, can be identified as a potential lung cancer therapeutic target. The NLRP3 inflammasome acts as a critical mediator in this process and, upon activation, activates multiprotein complex formation as well as caspase-1 activation. This process, triggered by a release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, results in pyroptotic cell death. Also, the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and lung cancer was justified by its influence on tumour growth or metastasis. The molecular pathways produce progenitive mediators and remake the tissue. Finally, targeting NLRP3 inflammasome for pyroptosis induction and inhibition of its activation appears to be a promising lung cancer treatment approach. This technique makes cancer treatment more promising and personalized. This review explores the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its possibilities in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Dahiya
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies
| | - Vijaykumar B Sutariya
- USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sheeba Varghese Gupta
- USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kumud Pant
- Graphic Era (Deemed to be University) Clement Town Dehradun, 248002, India; Graphic Era Hill University Clement Town Dehradun, 248002, India.
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Merwa Alhadrawi
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Kiranjeet Kaur
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab 140307, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Pranchal Rajput
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome-Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab
| | - Salem Salman Almujri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh V Chinni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience, and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
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Darkwah S, Kotey FCN, Ahenkorah J, Adutwum-Ofosu KK, Donkor ES. Sepsis-Related Lung Injury and the Complication of Extrapulmonary Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Diseases 2024; 12:72. [PMID: 38667530 PMCID: PMC11049144 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, sepsis and pneumonia account for significant mortality and morbidity. A complex interplay of immune-molecular pathways underlies both sepsis and pneumonia, resulting in similar and overlapping disease characteristics. Sepsis could result from unmanaged pneumonia. Similarly, sepsis patients have pneumonia as a common complication in the intensive care unit. A significant percentage of pneumonia is misdiagnosed as septic shock. Therefore, our knowledge of the clinical relationship between pneumonia and sepsis is imperative to the proper management of these syndromes. Regarding pathogenesis and etiology, pneumococcus is one of the leading pathogens implicated in both pneumonia and sepsis syndromes. Growing evidence suggests that pneumococcal pneumonia can potentially disseminate and consequently induce systemic inflammation and severe sepsis. Streptococcus pneumoniae could potentially exploit the function of dendritic cells (DCs) to facilitate bacterial dissemination. This highlights the importance of pathogen-immune cell crosstalk in the pathophysiology of sepsis and pneumonia. The role of DCs in pneumococcal infections and sepsis is not well understood. Therefore, studying the immunologic crosstalk between pneumococcus and host immune mediators is crucial to elucidating the pathophysiology of pneumonia-induced lung injury and sepsis. This knowledge would help mitigate clinical diagnosis and management challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Darkwah
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, Ghana; (F.C.N.K.); (E.S.D.)
| | - Fleischer C. N. Kotey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, Ghana; (F.C.N.K.); (E.S.D.)
| | - John Ahenkorah
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, Ghana; (J.A.); (K.K.A.-O.)
| | - Kevin Kofi Adutwum-Ofosu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, Ghana; (J.A.); (K.K.A.-O.)
| | - Eric S. Donkor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, Ghana; (F.C.N.K.); (E.S.D.)
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Zhu B, Xing X, Kim J, Rha H, Liu C, Zhang Q, Zeng L, Lan M, Kim JS. Endogenous CO imaging in bacterial pneumonia with a NIR fluorescent probe. Biomaterials 2024; 304:122419. [PMID: 38071848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is a serious respiratory illness that poses a great threat to human life. Rapid and precise diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia is crucial for symptomatic clinical treatment. Endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) is regarded as a significant indicator of bacterial pneumonia; herein, we developed a near-infrared (NIR) probe for fluorescence and photoacoustic (PA) dual-mode imaging of endogenous CO in bacterial pneumonia. NO2-BODIPY could rapidly and specifically react with CO to produce strong NIR fluorescence as well as ratiometric PA signals. NO2-BODIPY has outstanding features including fast response, fluorescence/PA dual mode signals, good specificity, and a low limit of detection (LOD = 20.3 nM), which enables it to image endogenous CO in cells and bacterial pneumonia mice with high sensitivity and high contrast ratio. In particular, NO2-BODIPY has two-photon excited (1340 nm, σ1 = 1671 GM) NIR fluorescence and has been utilized to image endogenous CO in bacterial pneumonia mice with deep tissue penetration. NO2-BODIPY has been demonstrated a good capability of fluorescence/PA dual-mode imaging of CO in bacterial pneumonia mice, providing a precise manner to diagnose bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beitong Zhu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Xuejian Xing
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Jungryun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyeonji Rha
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Respirology & Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Respirology & Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Lintao Zeng
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
| | - Minhuan Lan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China.
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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4
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Ren Q, Liu Z, Wu L, Yin G, Xie X, Kong W, Zhou J, Liu S. C/EBPβ: The structure, regulation, and its roles in inflammation-related diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115938. [PMID: 38000353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, a mechanism of the human body, has been implicated in many diseases. Inflammatory responses include the release of inflammatory mediators by activating various signaling pathways. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), a transcription factor in the C/EBP family, contains the leucine zipper (bZIP) domain. The expression of C/EBPβ is mediated at the transcriptional and post-translational levels, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and SUMOylation. C/EBPβ has been involved in inflammatory responses by mediating several signaling pathways, such as MAPK/NF-κB and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathways. C/EBPβ plays an important role in the pathological development of inflammation-related diseases, such as osteoarthritis, pneumonia, hepatitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we comprehensively discuss the structure and biological effects of C/EBPβ and its role in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhaowen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Guoqiang Yin
- Ganzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xunlu Xie
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Weihao Kong
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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5
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Lyon De Ana C, Shenoy AT, Barker KA, Arafa EI, Etesami NS, Korkmaz FT, Soucy AM, Breen MP, Martin IMC, Tilton BR, Devarajan P, Crossland NA, Pihl RMF, Goltry WN, Belkina AC, Jones MR, Quinton LJ, Mizgerd JP. GL7 ligand expression defines a novel subset of CD4 + T RM cells in lungs recovered from pneumococcus. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:699-710. [PMID: 37604254 PMCID: PMC10591822 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common etiology of bacterial pneumonia, one of the leading causes of death in children and the elderly worldwide. During non-lethal infections with S. pneumoniae, lymphocytes accumulate in the lungs and protect against reinfection with serotype-mismatched strains. Cluster of differentiation CD4+ resident memory T (TRM) cells are known to be crucial for this protection, but the diversity of lung CD4+ TRM cells has yet to be fully delineated. We aimed to identify unique subsets and their contributions to lung immunity. After recovery from pneumococcal infections, we identified a distinct subset of CD4+ T cells defined by the phenotype CD11ahiCD69+GL7+ in mouse lungs. Phenotypic analyses for markers of lymphocyte memory and residence demonstrated that GL7+ T cells are a subset of CD4+ TRM cells. Functional studies revealed that unlike GL7- TRM subsets that were mostly (RAR-related Orphan Receptor gamma T) RORγT+, GL7+ TRM cells exhibited higher levels of (T-box expressed in T cells) T-bet and Gata-3, corresponding with increased synthesis of interferon-γ, interleukin-13, and interleukin-5, inherent to both T helper 1 (TH1) and TH2 functions. Thus, we propose that these cells provide novel contributions during pneumococcal pneumonia, serving as important determinants of lung immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lyon De Ana
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anukul T Shenoy
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kimberly A Barker
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emad I Arafa
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neelou S Etesami
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Filiz T Korkmaz
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alicia M Soucy
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael P Breen
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ian M C Martin
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian R Tilton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priyadharshini Devarajan
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas A Crossland
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Riley M F Pihl
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wesley N Goltry
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Belkina
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lee J Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Xu J, Xie L. Advances in immune response to pulmonary infection: Nonspecificity, specificity and memory. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2023; 9:71-81. [PMID: 37305110 PMCID: PMC10249196 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung immune response consists of various cells involved in both innate and adaptive immune processes. Innate immunity participates in immune resistance in a nonspecific manner, whereas adaptive immunity effectively eliminates pathogens through specific recognition. It was previously believed that adaptive immune memory plays a leading role during secondary infections; however, innate immunity is also involved in immune memory. Trained immunity refers to the long-term functional reprogramming of innate immune cells caused by the first infection, which alters the immune response during the second challenge. Tissue resilience limits the tissue damage caused by infection by controlling excessive inflammation and promoting tissue repair. In this review, we summarize the impact of host immunity on the pathophysiological processes of pulmonary infections and discuss the latest progress in this regard. In addition to the factors influencing pathogenic microorganisms, we emphasize the importance of the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Xu
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
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Gao J, Su Y, Wang Z. Remote Co-loading of amphipathic acid drugs in neutrophil nanovesicles infilled with cholesterol mitigates lung bacterial infection and inflammation. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122071. [PMID: 36878092 PMCID: PMC9973434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung bacterial infections could result in acute lung inflammation/injury (ALI) that propagates to its severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ADRS) leading to the death. The molecular mechanism of ALI is associated with bacterial invasion and the host inflammation response. Here, we proposed a novel strategy to specifically target both bacteria and inflammatory pathways by co-loading of antibiotics (azlocillin, AZ) and anti-inflammatory agents (methylprednisolone sodium, MPS) in neutrophil nanovesicles. We found that cholesterol infilling in the membrane of nanovesicles can maintain a pH gradient between intra-vesicles and outer-vesicles, so we remotely loaded both AZ and MPS in single nanovesicles. The results showed that loading efficiency of both drugs can achieve more than 30% (w/w), and delivery of both drugs using nanovesicles accelerated bacterial clearance and resolved inflammation responses, thus preventing the potential lung damage due to infections. Our studies show that remote loading of multiple drugs in neutrophil nanovesicles which specifically target the infectious lung could be translational to treat ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Yujie Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA.
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Scordo JM, Piergallini TJ, Olmo-Fontánez AM, Thomas A, Raué HP, Slifka M, Turner J. Recall responses in the lung environment are impacted by age in a pilot study of Mycobacterium bovis-BCG vaccinated rhesus macaques. Exp Gerontol 2022; 167:111904. [PMID: 35918043 PMCID: PMC9907331 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Age-related changes in the immune system increase susceptibility to infectious diseases. Vaccines are an important tool to prevent infection or boost immunological memory; however, vaccines are less effective in aged individuals. In order to protect our aging population from the threat of infectious diseases, we must gain a better understanding of age-related alterations in the immune response at the site of infection. The lung is one site of frequent infection in older individuals. In this study, we expanded on our previous work to study vaccine-induced immune responses in the local lung environment in a pilot study of aged rhesus macaques. To do this, we developed an in vivo model to probe recall responses to tuberculin challenge in the lungs 8 weeks and 16 weeks post-Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination by performing targeted bronchoalveolar lavages. In parallel, we determined peripheral blood responses in vaccinated animals to compare systemic and local tissue responses to tuberculin challenge. We found that following lung tuberculin challenge 8 weeks post-vaccination, aged animals had reduced T cell responses, particularly within the CD8+ T cell compartment. Aged animals had decreased CD8+ effector and memory T cell recall responses and less activated CD8+ T cells. This diminished lung CD8+ T cell response in aged animals was maintained over time. Despite changes in the CD8+ T cell compartment, lung CD4+ T cell responses were similar between age groups. In the peripheral blood, we observed age-related changes in immune cell populations and plasma levels of immune mediators that were present prior to vaccination. Lastly, we found that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from aged BCG-vaccinated animals were functional in their response to antigen stimulation, behaving in a similar manner to those from their adult counterparts. These systemic observations were similar to those found in our previous study of BCG-vaccinated baboons, supporting the notion that tissue immune responses, and not systemic responses, to vaccination and challenge are impaired with age. These findings expand on our previous work to show that in addition to the skin, age-related changes in the lung environment impact recall immune responses to vaccination and challenge. The impact of age on local tissue responses to infectious challenge should be accounted for in the development of therapeutics or medical interventions aimed at boosting immune recall responses of aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Scordo
- Texas Biomedical Institute, San Antonio, TX,The University of Texas Health Science Center of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Angélica M. Olmo-Fontánez
- Texas Biomedical Institute, San Antonio, TX,The University of Texas Health Science Center of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | - Mark Slifka
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Joanne Turner
- Texas Biomedical Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States of America.
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Gong Z, Li Q, Shi J, Wei J, Li P, Chang CH, Shultz LD, Ren G. Lung fibroblasts facilitate pre-metastatic niche formation by remodeling the local immune microenvironment. Immunity 2022; 55:1483-1500.e9. [PMID: 35908547 PMCID: PMC9830653 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Primary tumors are drivers of pre-metastatic niche formation, but the coordination by the secondary organ toward metastatic dissemination is underappreciated. Here, by single-cell RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence, we identified a population of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)-expressing adventitial fibroblasts that remodeled the lung immune microenvironment. At steady state, fibroblasts in the lungs produced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which drove dysfunctional dendritic cells (DCs) and suppressive monocytes. This lung-intrinsic stromal program was propagated by tumor-associated inflammation, particularly the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, supporting a pre-metastatic niche. Genetic ablation of Ptgs2 (encoding COX-2) in fibroblasts was sufficient to reverse the immune-suppressive phenotypes of lung-resident myeloid cells, resulting in heightened immune activation and diminished lung metastasis in multiple breast cancer models. Moreover, the anti-metastatic activity of DC-based therapy and PD-1 blockade was improved by fibroblast-specific Ptgs2 deletion or dual inhibition of PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4. Collectively, lung-resident fibroblasts reshape the local immune landscape to facilitate breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Qing Li
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Jiayuan Shi
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Jian Wei
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Peishan Li
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | | | - Guangwen Ren
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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10
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Adhikary S, Duggal MK, Nagendran S, Chintamaneni M, Tuli HS, Kaur G. Lefamulin: a New Hope in the Field of Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 8:418-426. [PMID: 35811574 PMCID: PMC9257118 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-022-00297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) continues to be a worldwide health concern since it is the major cause of mortality and hospitalisation worldwide. Increased macrolide resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae and other infections has resulted in a significantly larger illness burden, which has been exacerbated by evolving demography and a higher prevalence of comorbid disorders. Owing to such circumstances, the creation of new antibiotic classes is critical. Recent Findings Lefamulin, also referred to as BC-3781, is the primary pleuromutilin antibiotic which has been permitted for both intravenous and oral use in humans for the remedy of bacterial infections. It has shown activity against gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant strains as well as atypical organisms which as often implicated in CABP. It has a completely unique mechanism of action that inhibits protein synthesis via way of means of stopping the binding of tRNA for peptide transfer. The C(14) side chain is responsible for its pharmacodynamic and antimicrobial properties, together with supporting in overcoming bacterial ribosomal resistance and mutations improvement amplifying the number of hydrogen bonds to the target site. Summary This review aims to highlight the pre-existing treatment options and specific purposes to shed some light upon the development of a new drug lefamulin and its specifications and explore this novel drug’s superior efficacy to already existing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Adhikary
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS, Vileparle-West, Mumbai-56, India
| | - Meher Kaur Duggal
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS, Vileparle-West, Mumbai-56, India
| | - Saraswathy Nagendran
- Department of Botany, SVKM’s Mithibai College of Arts Chauhan Institute of Science and Amrutben Jivanlal College Of Commerce and Economics, Vile Parle (W), 400056 Mumbai, India
| | - Meena Chintamaneni
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS, Vileparle-West, Mumbai-56, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana Ambala, 133207 Haryana India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS, Vileparle-West, Mumbai-56, India
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11
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Ghorbani J, Hashemi FB, Jabalameli F, Emaneini M, Beigverdi R. Multiplex detection of five common respiratory pathogens from bronchoalveolar lavages using high resolution melting curve analysis. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:141. [PMID: 35590256 PMCID: PMC9118692 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study describes the application of the multiplex high-resolution melting curve (MHRM) assay for the simultaneous detection of five common bacterial pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli) directly from bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Results Our MHRM assay successfully identified all five respiratory pathogens in less than 5 h, with five separate melting curves with specific melt peak temperatures (Tm). The different Tm were characterized by peaks of 78.1 ± 0.4 °C for S. aureus, 83.3 ± 0.1 °C for A. baumannii, 86.7 ± 0.2 °C for E. coli, 90.5 ± 0.1 °C for K. pneumoniae, 94.5 ± 0.2 °C for P. aeruginosa. The overall sensitivity and specificity of MHRM were 100% and 88.8–100%, respectively. Conclusions Our MHRM assay offers a simple and fast alternative to culture approach for simultaneous detection of five major bacterial lower respiratory tract infection pathogens. Utilization of this assay can help clinicians initiate prompt and appropriate antimicrobial treatment, towards reducing the morbidity and mortality of severe respiratory infections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02558-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Ghorbani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 6, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Bonakdar Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 6, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 6, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emaneini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 6, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran.,Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Beigverdi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 6, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran. .,Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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12
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-38 (IL-38), a new type of cytokine, is involved in processes such as tissue repair, inflammatory response, and immune response. However, its function in pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is still unclear. METHODS In this study, we detected circulating IL-38 and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 in adults affected by early stage pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa. Collected clinical data of these patients, such as the APACHE II score, levels of PCT, and oxygenation index when they entering the ICU. Using P. aeruginosa-induced pneumonia WT murine model to evaluate the effect of IL-38 on Treg differentiation, cell apoptosis, survival, tissue damage, inflammation, and bacterial removal. RESULTS In clinical research, although IL-38 is significantly increased during the early stages of clinical P. aeruginosa pneumonia, the concentration of IL-38 in the serum of patients who died with P. aeruginosa pneumonia was relatively lower than that of surviving patients. It reveals IL-38 may insufficiently secreted in patients who died with P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Besides, the serum IL-38 level of patients with P. aeruginosa pneumonia on the day of admission to the ICU showed significantly positive correlations with IL-10 and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio but negative correlations with IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, APACHE II score, and PCT In summary, IL-38 might be a molecule for adjuvant therapy in P. aeruginosa pneumonia. In experimental animal models, first recombinant IL-38 improved survival, whereas anti-IL-38 antibody reduced survival in the experimental pneumonia murine model. Secondly, IL-38 exposure reduced the inflammatory response, as suggested by the lung injury, and reduced cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL- 17A, TNF-α, and IL-8, but not IL-10). It also increased bacterial clearance and reduced cell apoptosis in the lungs. Furthermore, IL-38 was shown to reduce TBK1 expression in vitro when naive CD4+ T lymphocytes were differentiated to Tregs and played a protective role in P. aeruginosa pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS To summarize, the above findings provide additional insights into the mechanism of IL-38 in the treatment of P. aeruginosa pneumonia.
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13
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Patel B, Priefer R. Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung infection, and/or inhaled corticosteroids use on potential risk of lung cancer. Life Sci 2022; 294:120374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Arafa EI, Shenoy AT, Barker KA, Etesami NS, Martin IM, Lyon De Ana C, Na E, Odom CV, Goltry WN, Korkmaz FT, Wooten AK, Belkina AC, Guillon A, Forsberg EC, Jones MR, Quinton LJ, Mizgerd JP. Recruitment and training of alveolar macrophages after pneumococcal pneumonia. JCI Insight 2022; 7:150239. [PMID: 35133985 PMCID: PMC8983128 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery from pneumococcal pneumonia remodels the pool of alveolar macrophages so that they exhibit new surface marker profiles, transcriptomes, metabolomes, and responses to infection. Mechanisms mediating alveolar macrophage phenotypes after pneumococcal pneumonia have not been delineated. IFN-γ and its receptor on alveolar macrophages were essential for certain, but not all, aspects of the remodeled alveolar macrophage phenotype. IFN-γ was produced by CD4+ T cells plus other cells, and CD4+ cell depletion did not prevent alveolar macrophage remodeling. In mice infected or recovering from pneumococcus, monocytes were recruited to the lungs, and the monocyte-derived macrophages developed characteristics of alveolar macrophages. CCR2 mediated the early monocyte recruitment but was not essential to the development of the remodeled alveolar macrophage phenotype. Lineage tracing demonstrated that recovery from pneumococcal pneumonias converted the pool of alveolar macrophages from being primarily of embryonic origin to being primarily of adult hematopoietic stem cell origin. Alveolar macrophages of either origin demonstrated similar remodeled phenotypes, suggesting that ontogeny did not dictate phenotype. Our data reveal that the remodeled alveolar macrophage phenotype in lungs recovered from pneumococcal pneumonia results from a combination of new recruitment plus training of both the original cells and the new recruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad I Arafa
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Anukul T Shenoy
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Kimberly A Barker
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Neelou S Etesami
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ian Mc Martin
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Carolina Lyon De Ana
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Elim Na
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Christine V Odom
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Wesley N Goltry
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Filiz T Korkmaz
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Alicia K Wooten
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Anna C Belkina
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Antoine Guillon
- CHRU of Tours, service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, United States of America
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Lee J Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
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15
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Clinical Usefulness of Red Cell Distribution Width/Albumin Ratio to Discriminate 28-Day Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Pneumonia Receiving Invasive Mechanical Ventilation, Compared with Lacate/Albumin Ratio: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122344. [PMID: 34943582 PMCID: PMC8699932 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The value of the red cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with prognosis in critically ill patients. A simplex combined index—the RDW/albumin ratio—has been proposed for the prediction of mortality, as has the lactate/albumin ratio. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of the RDW/albumin ratio regarding 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with pneumonia. Clinical data of critically ill patients with pneumonia who were hospitalized in the medical intensive care unit from May 2018 to December 2020, and received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), were reviewed retrospectively. The values of RDW, lactate, and albumin measured at the time of IMV, were used for the index calculations. Of the 234 patients, the median age was 76 years, and 74.2% were male. The 28-day mortality rate was 47.3%. The median RDW/albumin ratio was significantly higher in non-survivors than survivors at 28 days (5.8 vs. 4.9, p < 0.001). A higher RDW/albumin ratio was significantly associated with increased 28-day mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.338, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.094–1.637, p = 0.005). The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was 0.694 (95% CI: 0.630–758, p < 0.005) to discern 28-day mortality without significant difference, compared with that of the lactate/albumin ratio. Our data suggest that high RDW/albumin ratio has a similar predictability to the lactate/albumin ratio in critically ill patients with pneumonia receiving IMV.
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16
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Okamori S, Ishii M, Asakura T, Suzuki S, Namkoong H, Kagawa S, Hegab AE, Yagi K, Kamata H, Kusumoto T, Ogawa T, Takahashi H, Yoda M, Horiuchi K, Hasegawa N, Fukunaga K. ADAM10 partially protects mice against influenza pneumonia by suppressing specific myeloid cell population. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L872-L884. [PMID: 34523355 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00619.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus infection poses a serious health threat worldwide. Myeloid cells play pivotal roles in regulating innate and adaptive immune defense. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family of proteins contributes to various immune responses; however, the role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) in influenza virus infection remains largely unknown. Herein, we investigated its role, focusing on myeloid cells, during influenza virus infection in mice. ADAM10 gene (Adam10)flox/flox/Lyz2-Cre (Adam10ΔLyz2) and control Adam10flox/flox mice were intranasally infected with 200 plaque-forming units of influenza virus A/H1N1/PR8/34. Adam10ΔLyz2 mice exhibited a significantly higher mortality rate, stronger lung inflammation, and a higher virus titer in the lungs than control mice. Macrophages and inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL2, were increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from Adam10ΔLyz2 mice following infection. CD11b+Ly6G-F4/80+ myeloid cells, which had an inflammatory monocyte/macrophage-like phenotype, were significantly increased in the lungs of Adam10ΔLyz2 mice. Adoptive transfer experiments suggested that these cells likely contributed to the poorer prognosis in Adam10ΔLyz2 mice. Seven days after infection, CD11b+Ly6G-F4/80+ lung cells exhibited significantly higher arginase-1 expression levels in Adam10ΔLyz2 mice than in control mice, whereas an arginase-1 inhibitor improved the prognosis of Adam10ΔLyz2 mice. Enhanced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/GM-CSF receptor signaling likely contributed to this process. Collectively, these results indicate that myeloid ADAM10 protects against influenza virus pneumonia and may be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okamori
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society of Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Suzuki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ho Namkoong
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kagawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed E Hegab
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Education Center, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yagi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kamata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kusumoto
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takunori Ogawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defence Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Effah CY, Drokow EK, Agboyibor C, Ding L, He S, Liu S, Akorli SY, Nuamah E, Sun T, Zhou X, Liu H, Xu Z, Feng F, Wu Y, Zhang X. Neutrophil-Dependent Immunity During Pulmonary Infections and Inflammations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689866. [PMID: 34737734 PMCID: PMC8560714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid recruitment of neutrophils to an inflamed site is one of the hallmarks of an effective host defense mechanism. The main pathway through which this happens is by the innate immune response. Neutrophils, which play an important part in innate immune defense, migrate into lungs through the modulation actions of chemokines to execute a variety of pro-inflammatory functions. Despite the importance of chemokines in host immunity, little has been discussed on their roles in host immunity. A holistic understanding of neutrophil recruitment, pattern recognition pathways, the roles of chemokines and the pathophysiological roles of neutrophils in host immunity may allow for new approaches in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory disease of the lung. Herein, this review aims at highlighting some of the developments in lung neutrophil-immunity by focusing on the functions and roles of CXC/CC chemokines and pattern recognition receptors in neutrophil immunity during pulmonary inflammations. The pathophysiological roles of neutrophils in COVID-19 and thromboembolism have also been summarized. We finally summarized various neutrophil biomarkers that can be utilized as prognostic molecules in pulmonary inflammations and discussed various neutrophil-targeted therapies for neutrophil-driven pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Clement Agboyibor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihua Ding
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sitian He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- General ICU, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Senyo Yao Akorli
- College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Nuamah
- College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Tongwen Sun
- General ICU, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Shotland AM, Fontenot AP, McKee AS. Pulmonary Macrophage Cell Death in Lung Health and Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:547-556. [PMID: 33332993 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0420tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, our understanding of regulated-cell-death (RCD) pathways has increased dramatically. In addition to apoptosis and accidental cell death (primary necrosis), a diverse spectrum of RCD pathways has been delineated. In the lung, airway macrophages are critical for maintaining the functionality of airways via the clearance of inhaled particles, cell debris, and infectious agents. Exposure of these cells to pathogenic organisms or particles can induce a variety of RCD pathways that promote the release of danger signals into the lung. These responses have evolved to trigger the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system and thus offer protection against pathogens; yet they can also contribute to the development of lung injury and pathogenic immune responses. In this review, we discuss recent studies that suggest a critical role for airway-macrophage RCD pathways in promoting the release of pulmonary danger signals in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M Shotland
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Andrew P Fontenot
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amy S McKee
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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19
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Airway Epithelial Hepcidin Coordinates Lung Macrophages and Immunity Against Bacterial Pneumonia. Shock 2021; 54:402-412. [PMID: 31743298 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepcidin is a liver-derived master regulator of iron metabolism through its molecular target ferroportin, the only known mammalian iron exporter. Accumulated evidence has shown the important roles of hepatic hepcidin in host defense and infections. Hepcidin is also expressed by airway epithelial cells. However, the function of epithelial hepcidin during bacterial pneumonia remains unknown. METHODS Pneumonia was induced in hepcidin-1-deficient and wild-type mice using the most common bacterial agents, and the effects of hepcidin on survival, bacterial burden, iron status, and macrophage phagocytosis after bacterial pneumonia were assessed. RESULTS Hepcidin levels decreased in airway epithelium during common pneumonia, while lung macrophage-derived ferroportin levels and pulmonary iron concentrations increased. Lack of hepcidin in the airway epithelium worsened the outcomes of pneumonia. Manipulation of hepcidin level in the airway epithelium in mice with macrophage-specific ferroportin deletion did not affect the progress of pneumonia. Increased pulmonary iron concentration not only facilitated bacterial growth but also led to the defective phagocytic function of lung macrophages via activation of RhoA GTPase through oxidation of RhoGDI. Furthermore, enhancing the hepcidin level in the airway epithelium rescued mice from lethal bacterial pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify an uncharacterized important role of airway epithelial hepcidin in protection against bacterial pneumonia and provide the basis for novel alternative therapeutic strategies for combatting bacterial pneumonia in future translational research.
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20
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Clementi N, Ghosh S, De Santis M, Castelli M, Criscuolo E, Zanoni I, Clementi M, Mancini N. Viral Respiratory Pathogens and Lung Injury. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e00103-20. [PMID: 33789928 PMCID: PMC8142519 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00103-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several viruses target the human respiratory tract, causing different clinical manifestations spanning from mild upper airway involvement to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As dramatically evident in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the clinical picture is not always easily predictable due to the combined effect of direct viral and indirect patient-specific immune-mediated damage. In this review, we discuss the main RNA (orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and coronaviruses) and DNA (adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and bocaviruses) viruses with respiratory tropism and their mechanisms of direct and indirect cell damage. We analyze the thin line existing between a protective immune response, capable of limiting viral replication, and an unbalanced, dysregulated immune activation often leading to the most severe complication. Our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved is increasing and this should pave the way for the development and clinical use of new tailored immune-based antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria De Santis
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Castelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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21
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Walkowski W, Bassett J, Bhalla M, Pfeifer BA, Ghanem ENB. Intranasal Vaccine Delivery Technology for Respiratory Tract Disease Application with a Special Emphasis on Pneumococcal Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060589. [PMID: 34199398 PMCID: PMC8230341 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini-review will cover recent trends in intranasal (IN) vaccine delivery as it relates to applications for respiratory tract diseases. The logic and rationale for IN vaccine delivery will be compared to methods and applications accompanying this particular administration route. In addition, we will focus extended discussion on the potential role of IN vaccination in the context of respiratory tract diseases, with a special emphasis on pneumococcal disease. Here, elements of this disease, including its prevalence and impact upon the elderly population, will be viewed from the standpoint of improving health outcomes through vaccine design and delivery technology and how IN administration can play a role in such efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Walkowski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (W.W.); (J.B.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Justin Bassett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (W.W.); (J.B.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Manmeet Bhalla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Blaine A. Pfeifer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (W.W.); (J.B.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Elsa N. Bou Ghanem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Basil Polysaccharide Reverses Development of Experimental Model of Sepsis-Induced Secondary Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5596339. [PMID: 34054345 PMCID: PMC8149242 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5596339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basil polysaccharide (BPS) represents a main active ingredient extracted from basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), which can regulate secondary bacterial pneumonia development in the process of sepsis-mediated immunosuppression. Methods In this study, a dual model of sepsis-induced secondary pneumonia with cecal ligation and puncture and intratracheal instillation of Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa was constructed. Results The results indicated that BPS-treated mice undergoing CLP showed resistance to secondary S. aureus pneumonia. Compared with the IgG-treated group, BPS-treated mice exhibited better survival rate along with a higher bacterial clearance rate. Additionally, BPS treatment attenuated cell apoptosis, enhanced lymphocyte and macrophage recruitment to the lung, promoted pulmonary cytokine production, and significantly enhanced CC receptor ligand 4 (CCL4). Notably, recombinant CCL4 protein could enhance the protective effect on S. aureus-induced secondary pulmonary infection of septic mice, which indicated that BPS-induced CCL4 partially mediated resistance to secondary bacterial pneumonia. In addition, BPS priming markedly promoted the phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages while killing S. aureus in vitro, which was related to the enhanced p38MAPK signal transduction pathway activation. Moreover, BPS also played a protective role in sepsis-induced secondary S. aureus pneumonia by inducing Treg cell differentiation. Conclusions Collectively, these results shed novel lights on the BPS treatment mechanism in sepsis-induced secondary S. aureus pneumonia in mice.
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Xu H, Huang L, Luo Q, Tu Q, Liu J, Yu R, Huang J, Chen T, Yin Y, Cao J. Absence of Toll-like receptor 7 protects mice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107739. [PMID: 33984723 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a sensor of microbial ssRNA that participates in the immune response process in many diseases. We herein sought to establish the role of TLR7 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Pneumonia model was created by intratracheally injecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the effects of TLR7 on survival, bacterial burden, lung pathology, cytokine and chemokine production, and pulmonary leukocyte recruitment were measured after Pseudomonas aeruginosa challenge. TLR7 expression was significantly elevated in WT mice after Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. TLR7-/- mice demonstrated enhanced survival, bacterial clearance, leukocyte infiltration, and macrophages phagocytic activity, and decreased pathology and capillary leakage. Besides, improved survival and bacterial clearance were observed in WT mice treated with TLR7 antagonist IRS661. More importantly, lack of TLR7 suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine production and induced anti-inflammatory cytokine production in mice lungs. Finally, neutralized IL-10 damaged the bacterial clearance ability of TLR7 deficient mice, leading to decreased survival. Collectively, absence of TLR7 provided protective effects during Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia and suggested that TLR7 could act as a novel immune target to treat clinical cases with Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of Clinical Molecular Medical Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qianqian Tu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Renlin Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Te Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ju Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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24
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Oyegoke PI, Olayinka BO, Ehinmidu JO, Tytler BA. Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria Isolated From Patients With Pneumonia at Two Hospitals in North-West Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/ijer.2021.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health threat complicating treatment and resulting in prolonged hospitalization. The prevalence of AMR threat is not well defined due to the dearth of appropriate surveillance systems. This study sought to assess the prevalence of AMR among bacterial isolates from sputum specimens obtained from patients with pneumonia presenting at two secondary healthcare facilities in Zaria from June 1 to August 31, 2018. Methods: Standard methodology was followed in processing sputum samples that met the acceptance criteria. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens cultured from sputum specimens obtained from June 1 to August 31, 2018) were evaluated using the recommendation of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Finally, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Acinetobacter spp. were the predominant pathogens accounting for 32% of recovered isolates, followed by Staphylococcus spp. (18%) and Klebsiella spp. (17%), respectively. AMR was found in 91% of the isolates. Most isolates were resistant to erythromycin (ERY) (80%) and amoxicillin (83.3%). Eventually, the multiple antibiotic resistance index ≥0.3 was observed in 76% of the isolates. Conclusion: Based on the findings, AMR rates were observed to be high, and may display a serious therapeutic challenge to the management of community-acquired pneumonia. Concerted efforts are needed to combat the worrisome AMR trends revealed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul I Oyegoke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Busayo O Olayinka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O Ehinmidu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Babajide A Tytler
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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25
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Ramirez-Moral I, Blok DC, Bernink JH, Garcia-Laorden MI, Florquin S, Boon L, Van't Veer C, Mack M, Saluzzo S, Knapp S, Spits H, de Vos AF, van der Poll T. Interleukin-33 improves local immunity during Gram-negative pneumonia by a combined effect on neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes. J Pathol 2021; 253:374-383. [PMID: 33305354 PMCID: PMC7986604 DOI: 10.1002/path.5601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia represents a major health care burden and Gram‐negative bacteria provide an increasing therapeutic challenge at least in part through the emergence of multidrug‐resistant strains. IL‐33 is a multifunctional cytokine belonging to the IL‐1 family that can affect many different cell types. We sought here to determine the effect of recombinant IL‐33 on the host response during murine pneumonia caused by the common Gram‐negative pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. IL‐33 pretreatment prolonged survival for more than 1 day during lethal airway infection and decreased bacterial loads at the primary site of infection and distant organs. Postponed treatment with IL‐33 (3 h) also reduced bacterial growth and dissemination. IL‐33‐mediated protection was not observed in mice deficient for the IL‐33 receptor component IL‐1 receptor‐like 1. IL‐33 induced a brisk type 2 response, characterized by recruitment of type 2 innate lymphoid cells to the lungs and enhanced release of IL‐5 and IL‐13. However, neither absence of innate lymphoid cells or IL‐13, nor blocking of IL‐5 impacted on IL‐33 effects in mice infected with Klebsiella. Likewise, IL‐33 remained effective in reducing bacterial loads in mice lacking B, T, and natural killer T cells. Experiments using antibody‐mediated cell depletion indicated that neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes were of importance for antibacterial defense. The capacity of IL‐33 to restrict bacterial growth in the lungs was strongly reduced in mice depleted of both neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes, but not in mice selectively depleted of either one of these cell types. These results suggest that IL‐33 boosts host defense during bacterial pneumonia by a combined effect on neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ramirez-Moral
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dana C Blok
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem H Bernink
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Isabel Garcia-Laorden
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis Van't Veer
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simona Saluzzo
- Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Crosstalk Between Lung and Extrapulmonary Organs in Infection and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:333-350. [PMID: 33788201 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic lung inflammation is a risk factor for various diseases involving lungs and extrapulmonary organs. Intercellular and interorgan networks, including crosstalk between lung and brain, intestine, heart, liver, and kidney, coordinate host immunity against infection, protect tissue, and maintain homeostasis. However, this interaction may be counterproductive and cause acute or chronic comorbidities due to dysregulated inflammation in the lung. In this chapter, we review the relationship of the lung with other key organs during normal cell processes and disease development. We focus on how pneumonia may lead to a systemic pathophysiological response to acute lung injury and chronic lung disease through organ interactions, which can facilitate the development of undesirable and even deleterious extrapulmonary sequelae.
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27
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Wang X, Han B, Wu P, Li S, Lv Y, Lu J, Yang Q, Li J, Zhu Y, Zhang Z. Dibutyl phthalate induces allergic airway inflammation in rats via inhibition of the Nrf2/TSLP/JAK1 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115564. [PMID: 33254669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), an important plastic contaminant in the environment, is known to cause organ toxicity. Although current research has shown that DBP-induced organ toxicity is associated with oxidative stress, the toxic effect of DBP on the lungs have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the potential mechanism by which DBP induces pulmonary toxicity using a model of DBP-induced allergic airway inflammation in rats. The results showed that chronic exposure to DBP induced histopathological damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and increased the protein levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and its downstream protein Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). Moreover, DBP exposure inhibited nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and levels of its target genes NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Additionally, using in vitro experiments, we found that DBP induced oxidative stress, reduced cell viability, and inhibited the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway in mouse alveolar type II epithelial cell line. Overall, these data demonstrate that DBP induces allergic airway inflammation in rats via inhibition of the Nrf2/TSLP/JAK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yueying Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qingyue Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China.
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28
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Mock JR, Dial CF, Tune MK, Gilmore RC, O'Neal WK, Dang H, Doerschuk CM. Impact of Regulatory T Cells on Type 2 Alveolar Epithelial Cell Transcriptomes during Resolution of Acute Lung Injury and Contributions of IFN-γ. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:464-477. [PMID: 32543909 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0399oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
By enhancing tissue repair and modulating immune responses, Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play essential roles in resolution from lung injury. The current study investigated the effects that Tregs exert directly or indirectly on the transcriptional profiles of type 2 alveolar epithelial (AT2) cells during resolution in an experimental model of acute lung injury. Purified AT2 cells were isolated from uninjured mice or mice recovering from LPS-induced lung injury, either in the presence of Tregs or in Treg-depleted mice, and transcriptome profiling identified differentially expressed genes. Depletion of Tregs resulted in altered expression of 49 genes within AT2 cells during resolution, suggesting that Tregs present in this microenvironment influence AT2-cell function. Biological processes from Gene Ontology enriched in the absence of Tregs included those describing responses to IFN. Neutralizing IFN-γ in Treg-depleted mice reversed the effect of Treg depletion on inflammatory macrophages and B cells by preventing the increase in inflammatory macrophages and the decrease in B cells. Our results provide insight into the effects of Tregs on AT2 cells. Tregs directly or indirectly impact many AT2-cell functions, including IFN type I and II-mediated signaling pathways. Inhibition of IFN-γ expression and/or function may be one mechanism through which Tregs accelerate resolution after acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Mock
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Marsico Lung Institute, and
| | - Catherine F Dial
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Marsico Lung Institute, and
| | - Miriya K Tune
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Marsico Lung Institute, and
| | | | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Marsico Lung Institute, and
| | | | - Claire M Doerschuk
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Marsico Lung Institute, and.,Center for Airways Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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29
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Gao J, Wang S, Dong X, Leanse LG, Dai T, Wang Z. Co-delivery of resolvin D1 and antibiotics with nanovesicles to lungs resolves inflammation and clears bacteria in mice. Commun Biol 2020; 3:680. [PMID: 33199819 PMCID: PMC7669882 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resolution is an active process that protects the host damage from inflammation responses induced by infections. Simultaneously resolving inflammation and eliminating pathogens may be effective to treat infectious diseases, but it is required to deliver therapeutics to infectious sites. Here, we proposed a strategy to incorporate RvD1 and an antibiotic (ceftazidime) in human neutrophil-membrane derived nanovesicles that can specifically target inflamed vasculature for treatment of lung infection caused by P. aeruginosa. Using the nitrogen cavitation method, we generated liposome-like nanovesicles from human neutrophil membrane. The results showed that nanovesicles loaded with RvD1 decreased cytokine levels and neutrophil lung infiltration, thus shortening the resolution intervals of lung inflammation. When RvD1 and ceftazidime were co-loaded in nanovesicles, they alleviated both inflammation and bacterial growth in the mouse lung. The studies reveal a new strategy to treat infectious diseases by designing nanoparticles to simultanesouly target host inflammatory pathways and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Sihan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Xinyue Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Leon G Leanse
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA.
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30
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Chen C, Lin S, Zhou L, Wang J, Chen J, Yu R, Luo H, Lu J, Xue Z, Chen M. MicroRNA-127-5p attenuates severe pneumonia via tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2856-2862. [PMID: 32765782 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a persistent and pervasive disease, the effects of which can be severe. MicroRNA (miR)-127-5p has been utilized as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of severe pneumonia. The present study aimed to investigate the function of miR-127-5p during severe pneumonia. An in vitro model of severe pneumonia in Ana-1 murine macrophages was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Subsequently, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and ELISA were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Western blotting was also performed to measure the activity of AKT and NF-κB. The results indicated that compared with the control group, LPS treatment increased TNF receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) expression levels and reduced miR-127-5p expression levels. Furthermore, the results revealed that the 3'-untranslated region of TRAF1 was targeted by miR-127-5p. miR-127-5p mimic reduced LPS-induced increases in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expression by targeting TRAF1, which was potentially mediated by inactivation of the AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways. Collectively, the results demonstrated that miR-127-5p may attenuate severe pneumonia by reducing LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production, and inactivating the AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways by targeting TRAF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunrong Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350111, P.R. China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Jinjiang City Hospital, Jinjiang, Fujian 362200, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350111, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350111, P.R. China
| | - Junnian Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350111, P.R. China
| | - Ranjie Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350111, P.R. China
| | - Haoteng Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350111, P.R. China
| | - Junli Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350111, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Xue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350111, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhi Chen
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Jinjiang City Hospital, Jinjiang, Fujian 362200, P.R. China
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31
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Modeling the Influence of Nonclinic Visits on the Transmission of Respiratory Diseases. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8049631. [PMID: 32565884 PMCID: PMC7281825 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8049631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
According to the information reflected by Anhui Center for Disease Control (Anhui CDC) in Hefei, Anhui province of China, some patients infected with respiratory diseases did not seek medical treatment (nonclinic visits) due to their strong resistance, and the influence of them on the spread of respiratory diseases has not been known. A SIS model with considering the nonclinic visits was established; a qualitative theory of the model was analyzed to obtain the basic reproduction number R 0, disease-free equilibrium, endemic equilibrium, and stability of two equilibriums. Then, the model is combined with the daily number of respiratory diseases for parameter estimation and numerical simulation. Numerical simulation results showed that respiratory diseases were easy to break out in the autumn and winter and were relatively stable in the spring and summer. Through parameter estimation, the unknown parameter value was achieved and the result was obtained that the initial number of nonclinic visits is 10-11 times that of clinic visits. Finally, the result of sensitivity analysis displayed that the proportion of the number of nonclinic visits to the total number of patients has a significant influence on the final number of patients. If persons improve their resistance so that the number of nonclinic visits increases, the total number of patients will be reduced or even reduced to zero. Besides, reducing contact infection rate of disease and increasing the cure rate can also reduce the final total number of patients.
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32
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Regulatory T cells are a double-edged sword in pulmonary fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106443. [PMID: 32334385 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease. The pathogenesis of PF has not been clearly elucidated, and there is no obvious effective treatment to arrest the progression of PF to date. A long-term chronic inflammatory response and inappropriate repair process after lung injury are important causes and pathological processes of PF. As an influential type of the body's immune cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an irreplaceable role in inhibiting the inflammatory response and promoting the repair of lung tissue. However, the exact roles of Tregs in the process of PF have not been clearly established, and the available literature concerning the roles of Tregs in PF are contradictory. First, Tregs can advance the progression of pulmonary fibrosis by secreting platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and other related factors, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and affecting the Th1 and Th2 balance, etc. Second, Tregs can inhibit PF by promoting the repair of epithelial cell damage, inhibiting the accumulation of fibroblasts, and strongly inhibiting the production and function of other related pro-inflammatory factors and pro-inflammatory cells. Accordingly, in this review, we focus on the multiple roles of Tregs in different models and different pulmonary fibrosis phases, thereby providing theoretical support for a better understanding of the multiple roles of these cells in PF and a theoretical basis for identifying targets for PF therapy.
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33
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Zhang H, Guo L, Chen J. Rationale for Lung Adenocarcinoma Prevention and Drug Development Based on Molecular Biology During Carcinogenesis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3085-3091. [PMID: 32341654 PMCID: PMC7166063 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s248436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common and aggressive subtype of lung cancer with the greatest heterogeneity and aggression. Inspite of recent years’ achievements in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease, as well as the development of new therapeutic approaches, our knowledge on crucial early molecular events during its development is still rudimentary. Recent classification and grading of LUAD has postulated that LUAD does not arise spontaneously, but through a stepwise process from lung adenomatous premalignancy atypical adenomatous hyperplasia to adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, and eventually frankly invasive predominant adenocarcinoma. In this review, we discuss the molecular processes that drive the evolutionary process that results in the formation of LUAD. We also describe how to handle lung premalignancy in clinical settings based on the most recent advances in genomic biology and our own understanding of lung cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Guo
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital,affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jibei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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34
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Lhommet C, Garot D, Grammatico-Guillon L, Jourdannaud C, Asfar P, Faisy C, Muller G, Barker KA, Mercier E, Robert S, Lanotte P, Goudeau A, Blasco H, Guillon A. Predicting the microbial cause of community-acquired pneumonia: can physicians or a data-driven method differentiate viral from bacterial pneumonia at patient presentation? BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:62. [PMID: 32143620 PMCID: PMC7060632 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requires urgent and specific antimicrobial therapy. However, the causal pathogen is typically unknown at the point when anti-infective therapeutics must be initiated. Physicians synthesize information from diverse data streams to make appropriate decisions. Artificial intelligence (AI) excels at finding complex relationships in large volumes of data. We aimed to evaluate the abilities of experienced physicians and AI to answer this question at patient admission: is it a viral or a bacterial pneumonia? METHODS We included patients hospitalized for CAP and recorded all data available in the first 3-h period of care (clinical, biological and radiological information). For this proof-of-concept investigation, we decided to study only CAP caused by a singular and identified pathogen. We built a machine learning model prediction using all collected data. Finally, an independent validation set of samples was used to test the pathogen prediction performance of: (i) a panel of three experts and (ii) the AI algorithm. Both were blinded regarding the final microbial diagnosis. Positive likelihood ratio (LR) values > 10 and negative LR values < 0.1 were considered clinically relevant. RESULTS We included 153 patients with CAP (70.6% men; 62 [51-73] years old; mean SAPSII, 37 [27-47]), 37% had viral pneumonia, 24% had bacterial pneumonia, 20% had a co-infection and 19% had no identified respiratory pathogen. We performed the analysis on 93 patients as co-pathogen and no-pathogen cases were excluded. The discriminant abilities of the AI approach were low to moderate (LR+ = 2.12 for viral and 6.29 for bacterial pneumonia), and the discriminant abilities of the experts were very low to low (LR+ = 3.81 for viral and 1.89 for bacterial pneumonia). CONCLUSION Neither experts nor an AI algorithm can predict the microbial etiology of CAP within the first hours of hospitalization when there is an urgent need to define the anti-infective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lhommet
- CHRU Tours, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, 2 Bd Tonnellé, F-37044, Tours Cedex 9, France
| | - Denis Garot
- CHRU Tours, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, 2 Bd Tonnellé, F-37044, Tours Cedex 9, France
| | - Leslie Grammatico-Guillon
- CHRU Tours, Service d'Information Médicale, d'Epidémiologie et d'Economie de la Santé, Tours, France
| | | | - Pierre Asfar
- CHRU Angers, Service médecine intensive et réanimation, Angers, France
| | - Christophe Faisy
- UPRES EA220, Laboratoire de recherche en pharmacologie respiratoire, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, France
| | - Grégoire Muller
- CHR Orléans, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Orléans, France
| | - Kimberly A Barker
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Mercier
- CHRU Tours, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, 2 Bd Tonnellé, F-37044, Tours Cedex 9, France
| | - Sylvie Robert
- CHRU Tours, Service de bactériologie, virologie et hygiène hospitalière, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Lanotte
- CHRU Tours, Service de bactériologie, virologie et hygiène hospitalière, Tours, France
| | - Alain Goudeau
- CHRU Tours, Service de bactériologie, virologie et hygiène hospitalière, Tours, France
| | - Helene Blasco
- CHRU Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France.,INSERM U 930, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Guillon
- CHRU Tours, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, 2 Bd Tonnellé, F-37044, Tours Cedex 9, France. .,INSERM, centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), U1100, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
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Shenoy AT, Wasserman GA, Arafa EI, Wooten AK, Smith NM, Martin IM, Jones MR, Quinton LJ, Mizgerd JP. Lung CD4 + resident memory T cells remodel epithelial responses to accelerate neutrophil recruitment during pneumonia. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:334-343. [PMID: 31748706 PMCID: PMC7044037 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous pneumococcal experience establishes lung-resident IL-17A-producing CD4+ memory TRM cells that accelerate neutrophil recruitment against heterotypic pneumococci. Herein, we unravel a novel crosstalk between CD4+ TRM cells and lung epithelial cells underlying this protective immunity. Depletion of CD4+ cells in pneumococcus-experienced mice diminished CXCL5 (but not CXCL1 or CXCL2) and downstream neutrophil accumulation in the lungs. Epithelial cells from experienced lungs exhibited elevated mRNA for CXCL5 but not other epithelial products such as GM-CSF or CCL20, suggesting a skewing by CD4+ TRM cells. Genome-wide expression analyses revealed a significant remodeling of the epithelial transcriptome of infected lungs due to infection history, ~80% of which was CD4+ cell-dependent. The CD4+ TRM cell product IL-17A stabilized CXCL5 but not GM-CSF or CCL20 mRNA in cultured lung epithelial cells, implicating posttranscriptional regulation as a mechanism for altered epithelial responses. These results suggest that epithelial cells in experienced lungs are effectively different, owing to their communication with TRM cells. Our study highlights the role of tissue-resident adaptive immune cells in fine-tuning epithelial functions to hasten innate immune responses and optimize defense in experienced lungs, a concept that may apply broadly to mucosal immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukul T. Shenoy
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Gregory A. Wasserman
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Emad I. Arafa
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alicia K. Wooten
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nicole M.S. Smith
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ian M.C. Martin
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Matthew R. Jones
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lee J. Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph P. Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Joseph P. Mizgerd, Sc.D., Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118 USA, Phone: (617)-358-1186; Fax: (617)-638-5227,
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36
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Ding C, Scicluna BP, Stroo I, Yang J, Roelofs JJ, de Boer OJ, de Vos AF, Nürnberg P, Revenko AS, Crosby J, Van't Veer C, van der Poll T. Prekallikrein inhibits innate immune signaling in the lung and impairs host defense during pneumosepsis in mice. J Pathol 2019; 250:95-106. [PMID: 31595971 PMCID: PMC6972537 DOI: 10.1002/path.5354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prekallikrein (PKK, also known as Fletcher factor and encoded by the gene KLKB1 in humans) is a component of the contact system. Activation of the contact system has been implicated in lethality in fulminant sepsis models. Pneumonia is the most frequent cause of sepsis. We sought to determine the role of PKK in host defense during pneumosepsis. To this end, mice were infected with the common human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae via the airways, causing an initially localized infection of the lungs with subsequent bacterial dissemination and sepsis. Mice were treated with a selective PKK‐directed antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) or a scrambled control ASO for 3 weeks prior to infection. Host response readouts were determined at 12 or 36 h post‐infection, including genome‐wide messenger RNA profiling of lungs, or mice were followed for survival. PKK ASO treatment inhibited constitutive hepatic Klkb1 mRNA expression by >80% and almost completely abolished plasma PKK activity. Klkb1 mRNA could not be detected in lungs. Pneumonia was associated with a progressive decline in PKK expression in mice treated with control ASO. PKK ASO administration was associated with a delayed mortality, reduced bacterial burdens, and diminished distant organ injury. While PKK depletion did not influence lung pathology or neutrophil recruitment, it was associated with an upregulation of multiple innate immune signaling pathways in the lungs already prior to infection. Activation of the contact system could not be detected, either during infection in vivo or at the surface of Klebsiella in vitro. These data suggest that circulating PKK confines pro‐inflammatory signaling in the lung by a mechanism that does not involve contact system activation, which in the case of respiratory tract infection may impede early protective innate immunity. © 2019 Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.,Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Stroo
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack Yang
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Jth Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Onno J de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jeff Crosby
- Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Cornelis Van't Veer
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vitenberga Z, Pilmane M, Babjoniševa A. An Insight into COPD Morphopathogenesis: Chronic Inflammation, Remodeling, and Antimicrobial Defense. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55080496. [PMID: 31426487 PMCID: PMC6723364 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Intercellular signaling networks with high complexity cause a spectrum of mechanisms achieving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that still question many uncertainties. Materials and Methods: Immunoreactive cells in bronchial tissue obtained from 40 COPD patients and 49 healthy control subjects were detected by biotin-streptavidin immunohistochemistry method for the following markers of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, MMP-2, TIMP-2, TGF-β1, Hsp−70, hBD−2, hBD−3, hBD−4. Results: Overall the highest numbers (from mostly moderate (++) to abundance (++++)) of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, MMP-2, TIMP-2, TGF-β1 immunoreactive cells were marked increasingly in the blood vessel wall, connective tissue, and bronchial epithelium of COPD-affected lung, respectively. We found statistically significant (p < 0.05) higher numbers of immunoreactive cells positive for all of examined interleukins, TNF-α, MMP-2, TIMP-2, TGF-β1, hBD-2, and hBD-3 in the COPD-affected lung compared to the control group, but not for Hsp-70 and hBD-4. Conclusions: COPD-affected lung tissue exhibits mostly inflammatory response patterns of increased IL-1α, IL-4, IL-8, IL-12, and TNF-α, especially in the airway epithelium. Increased MMP-2 and TGF-β1, but decreased Hsp-70, proposes pronounced tissue damage and remodeling in COPD. High numbers of hBD-2 and hBD-3 immunoreactive cells may highlight antimicrobial activity in COPD within stable regulation of local immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Vitenberga
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Māra Pilmane
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
| | - Aurika Babjoniševa
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
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38
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Mock JR, Dial CF, Tune MK, Norton DL, Martin JR, Gomez JC, Hagan RS, Dang H, Doerschuk CM. Transcriptional analysis of Foxp3+ Tregs and functions of two identified molecules during resolution of ALI. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124958. [PMID: 30753170 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery from acute lung injury (ALI) is an active process. Foxp3+ Tregs contribute to recovery from ALI through modulating immune responses and enhancing alveolar epithelial proliferation and tissue repair. The current study investigates Treg transcriptional profiles during resolution of ALI in mice. Tregs from either lung or splenic tissue were isolated from uninjured mice or mice recovering from ALI and then examined for differential gene expression between these conditions. In mice with ALI, Tregs isolated from the lungs had hundreds of differentially expressed transcripts compared with those from the spleen, indicating that organ specificity and microenvironment are critical in Treg function. These regulated transcripts suggest which intracellular signaling pathways modulate Treg behavior. Interestingly, several transcripts having no prior recognized function in Tregs were differentially expressed by lung Tregs during resolution. Further investigation into 2 identified transcripts, Mmp12 and Sik1, revealed that Treg-specific expression of each plays a role in Treg-promoted ALI resolution. This study provides potentially novel information describing the signals that may expand resident Tregs, recruit or retain them to the lung during ALI, and modulate their function. The results provide insight into both tissue- and immune microenvironment-specific transcriptional differences through which Tregs direct their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Mock
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Marsico Lung Institute, and
| | - Catherine F Dial
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Marsico Lung Institute, and
| | - Miriya K Tune
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Marsico Lung Institute, and
| | - Dustin L Norton
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Marsico Lung Institute, and
| | - Jessica R Martin
- Marsico Lung Institute, and.,Center for Airways Disease, University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John C Gomez
- Marsico Lung Institute, and.,Center for Airways Disease, University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert S Hagan
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Marsico Lung Institute, and
| | | | - Claire M Doerschuk
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Marsico Lung Institute, and.,Center for Airways Disease, University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
Pneumonia is a type of acute lower respiratory infection that is common and severe. The outcome of lower respiratory infection is determined by the degrees to which immunity is protective and inflammation is damaging. Intercellular and interorgan signaling networks coordinate these actions to fight infection and protect the tissue. Cells residing in the lung initiate and steer these responses, with additional immunity effectors recruited from the bloodstream. Responses of extrapulmonary tissues, including the liver, bone marrow, and others, are essential to resistance and resilience. Responses in the lung and extrapulmonary organs can also be counterproductive and drive acute and chronic comorbidities after respiratory infection. This review discusses cell-specific and organ-specific roles in the integrated physiological response to acute lung infection, and the mechanisms by which intercellular and interorgan signaling contribute to host defense and healthy respiratory physiology or to acute lung injury, chronic pulmonary disease, and adverse extrapulmonary sequelae. Pneumonia should no longer be perceived as simply an acute infection of the lung. Pneumonia susceptibility reflects ongoing and poorly understood chronic conditions, and pneumonia results in diverse and often persistent deleterious consequences for multiple physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allan J Walkey
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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40
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Ackermann M, Kempf H, Hetzel M, Hesse C, Hashtchin AR, Brinkert K, Schott JW, Haake K, Kühnel MP, Glage S, Figueiredo C, Jonigk D, Sewald K, Schambach A, Wronski S, Moritz T, Martin U, Zweigerdt R, Munder A, Lachmann N. Bioreactor-based mass production of human iPSC-derived macrophages enables immunotherapies against bacterial airway infections. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5088. [PMID: 30504915 PMCID: PMC6269475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of severe infections with multi-drug-resistant pathogens worldwide highlights the need for alternative treatment options. Given the pivotal role of phagocytes and especially alveolar macrophages in pulmonary immunity, we introduce a new, cell-based treatment strategy to target bacterial airway infections. Here we show that the mass production of therapeutic phagocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in industry-compatible, stirred-tank bioreactors is feasible. Bioreactor-derived iPSC-macrophages (iPSC-Mac) represent a highly pure population of CD45+CD11b+CD14+CD163+ cells, and share important phenotypic, functional and transcriptional hallmarks with professional phagocytes, however with a distinct transcriptome signature similar to primitive macrophages. Most importantly, bioreactor-derived iPSC-Mac rescue mice from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mediated acute infections of the lower respiratory tract within 4-8 h post intra-pulmonary transplantation and reduce bacterial load. Generation of specific immune-cells from iPSC-sources in scalable stirred-tank bioreactors can extend the field of immunotherapy towards bacterial infections, and may allow for further innovative cell-based treatment strategies. Pulmonary infections constitute a substantial health problem worldwide. Here the authors show that phagocytes similar to primitive macrophages can be generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells, by the use of industry-compatible, stirred-tank bioreactors, and applied as a cell-based therapy to treat acute bacterial infections in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mania Ackermann
- JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Miriam Hetzel
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Hesse
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), REBIRTH Cluster-of Excellence, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Rafiei Hashtchin
- JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brinkert
- Clinical Research Group 'Cystic Fibrosis', Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Juliane Wilhelmine Schott
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Haake
- JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Philipp Kühnel
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Constanca Figueiredo
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), REBIRTH Cluster-of Excellence, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sabine Wronski
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), REBIRTH Cluster-of Excellence, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antje Munder
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Clinical Research Group 'Cystic Fibrosis', Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J Quinton
- 1 Pulmonary Center Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts
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42
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Paulsson M, Che KF, Ahl J, Tham J, Sandblad L, Smith ME, Qvarfordt I, Su YC, Lindén A, Riesbeck K. Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Induce Vitronectin Release Into the Bronchoalveolar Space Conferring Protection From Complement-Mediated Killing. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1559. [PMID: 30061873 PMCID: PMC6055051 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens causing pneumonia utilize the complement regulator vitronectin to evade complement-mediated killing. Although vitronectin is associated with several chronic lung diseases, the role of bronchoalveolar vitronectin in pneumonia has not been studied. This study sought to reveal the involvement of vitronectin in the bronchoalveolar space during pneumonia, to assess the effect of outer membrane vesicles and endotoxin on vitronectin release, and to determine whether bacterial pathogens utilize pulmonary vitronectin for evasion. Vitronectin was analyzed in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid harvested from patients with pneumonia (n = 8) and from healthy volunteers after subsegmental endotoxin instillation (n = 13). Vitronectin binding by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae was analyzed, and subsequent complement evasion was assessed by serum challenge. The effects of outer membrane vesicles on vitronectin production in mouse lungs and human type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549) were determined. We detected increased vitronectin concentrations in lavage fluid during pneumonia (p = 0.0063) and after bronchial endotoxin challenge (p = 0.016). The capture of vitronectin by bacteria significantly reduced complement-mediated lysis. Following challenge with vesicles, vitronectin was detected in mouse bronchoalveolar space, and mouse alveolar epithelial cells in vivo as well as A549 cells in vitro contained increased levels of vitronectin. Taken together, outer membrane vesicles and endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria induce vitronectin, which is released into the bronchoalveolar space, and used for evasion of complement-mediated clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Paulsson
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karlhans F Che
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Ahl
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Tham
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Sandblad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Margaretha E Smith
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Qvarfordt
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yu-Ching Su
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindén
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, New Karolinska Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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43
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Zhang S, Chen X, Devshilt I, Yun Q, Huang C, An L, Dorjbat S, He X. Fennel main constituent, trans‑anethole treatment against LPS‑induced acute lung injury by regulation of Th17/Treg function. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1369-1376. [PMID: 29901094 PMCID: PMC6072219 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fennel, commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, is known as Foeniculum vulgare Mill. And its clinical application has been shown to target many biological systems including gastroenterology, endocrinology, gynecology and respiratory. The main constituent of the fennel essential oil is trans-anethole, which has been described to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. The aim of the present study was to define the anti-inflammatory influence in acute lung injury (ALI)-bearing mice. For 3 days, ALI-bearing mice were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) suspension in normal saline (24 mg/kg). On the fourth day, the trans-anethole was administrated (36.4, 72.8 or 145.6 mg/kg) as well as dexamethasone (5 mg/kg) once per day for 7 consecutive days in mice. Following the completion of drug administration mice were sacrificed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed in the lung paraffin section, for comparisons between monocyte and eosinophil cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The relative gene expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-17 was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. These two cytokines and the proportion of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and T regulatory (Treg) cells were determined by flow cytometry. The main constituent of fennel, trans-anethole, eliminated LPS-induced histopathological changes, decreased the number of inflammatory cells and resulted in a notable reduction in IL-17 mRNA expression. In addition, trans-anethole increased IL-10 mRNA expression in isolated lung tissues and resulted in a marked elevation in Treg cells and reduction in Th17 cells in spleen tissues. The results of the present study indicated that the main constituent of fennel, trans-anethole may be an anti-inflammation component, which influenced the regulation of Th17/Treg responses. Therefore, this medicinal herb may support a healing effect on diseases of inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Ichinkhorloo Devshilt
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yun
- Xinjiang Tefeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Cong Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Lijun An
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Sosorburam Dorjbat
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Xin He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
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44
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The Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoY in an Acute Mouse Lung Infection Model. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10050185. [PMID: 29734720 PMCID: PMC5983241 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10050185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effector protein Exotoxin Y (ExoY) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is injected via the type III secretion system (T3SS) into host cells. ExoY acts as nucleotidyl cyclase promoting the intracellular accumulation of cyclic nucleotides. To what extent nucleotidyl cyclase activity contributes to the pathogenicity of ExoY and which mechanisms participate in the manifestation of lung infection is still unclear. Here, we used an acute airway infection model in mice to address the role of ExoY in lung infection. In infected lungs, a dose-dependent phenotype of infection with bacteria-expressing ExoY was mirrored by haemorrhage, formation of interstitial oedema in alveolar septa, and infiltration of the perivascular space with erythrocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes. Analyses of the infection process on the cellular and organismal level comparing infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants expressing either nucleotidyl cyclase-active or -inactive ExoY revealed differential cytokine secretion, increased prevalence of apoptosis, and a break of lung barrier integrity in mice infected with cyclase-active ExoY. Notably, of all measured cyclic nucleotides, only the increase of cyclic UMP in infected mouse lungs coincides temporally with the observed early pathologic changes. In summary, our results suggest that the nucleotidyl cyclase activity of ExoY can contribute to P. aeruginosa acute pathogenicity.
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45
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Lehmann R, Müller MM, Klassert TE, Driesch D, Stock M, Heinrich A, Conrad T, Moore C, Schier UK, Guthke R, Slevogt H. Differential regulation of the transcriptomic and secretomic landscape of sensor and effector functions of human airway epithelial cells. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:627-642. [PMID: 29297499 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein secretion upon TLR, TNFR1, and IFNGR ligation in the human airways is considered to be central for the orchestration of pulmonary inflammatory and immune responses. In this study, we compared the gene expression and protein secretion profiles in response to specific stimulation of all expressed TLRs and in further comparison to TNFR1 and IFNGR in primary human airway epithelial cells. In addition to 22 cytokines, we observed the receptor-induced regulation of 571 genes and 1,012 secreted proteins. Further analysis revealed high similarities between the transcriptional TLR sensor and TNFR1 effector responses. However, secretome to transcriptome comparisons showed a broad receptor stimulation-dependent release of proteins that were not transcriptionally regulated. Many of these proteins are annotated to exosomes with associations to, for example, antigen presentation and wound-healing, or were identified as secretable proteins related to immune responses. Thus, we show a hitherto unrecognized scope of receptor-induced responses in airway epithelium, involving several additional functions for the immune response, exosomal communication and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Lehmann
- Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mario M Müller
- Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre - Centre for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Magdalena Stock
- Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Anina Heinrich
- Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Theresia Conrad
- Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Research Group Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Moore
- Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Uta K Schier
- Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Guthke
- Research Group Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Hortense Slevogt
- Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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46
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Li J, Tan J, Martino MM, Lui KO. Regulatory T-Cells: Potential Regulator of Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Front Immunol 2018; 9:585. [PMID: 29662491 PMCID: PMC5890151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of stem cells and growth factors as well as the development of biomaterials hold great promise for regenerative medicine applications. However, the therapeutic efficacy of regenerative therapies can be greatly influenced by the host immune system, which plays a pivotal role during tissue repair and regeneration. Therefore, understanding how the immune system modulates tissue healing is critical to design efficient regenerative strategies. While the innate immune system is well known to be involved in the tissue healing process, the adaptive immune system has recently emerged as a key player. T-cells, in particular, regulatory T-cells (Treg), have been shown to promote repair and regeneration of various organ systems. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which Treg participate in the repair and regeneration of skeletal and heart muscle, skin, lung, bone, and the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatao Li
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jean Tan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mikaël M Martino
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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47
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Regionally compartmentalized resident memory T cells mediate naturally acquired protection against pneumococcal pneumonia. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:220-235. [PMID: 28513594 PMCID: PMC5693795 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As children age, they become less susceptible to the diverse microbes causing pneumonia. These microbes are pathobionts that infect the respiratory tract multiple times during childhood, generating immunological memory. To elucidate mechanisms of such naturally acquired immune protection against pneumonia, we modeled a relevant immunological history in mice by infecting their airways with mismatched serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Previous pneumococcal infections provided protection against a heterotypic, highly virulent pneumococcus, as evidenced by reduced bacterial burdens and long-term sterilizing immunity. This protection was diminished by depletion of CD4+ cells prior to the final infection. The resolution of previous pneumococcal infections seeded the lungs with CD4+ resident memory T (TRM) cells, which responded to heterotypic pneumococcus stimulation by producing multiple effector cytokines, particularly interleukin (IL)-17A. Following lobar pneumonias, IL-17-producing CD4+ TRM cells were confined to the previously infected lobe, rather than dispersed throughout the lower respiratory tract. Importantly, pneumonia protection also was confined to that immunologically experienced lobe. Thus regionally localized memory cells provide superior local tissue protection to that mediated by systemic or central memory immune defenses. We conclude that respiratory bacterial infections elicit CD4+ TRM cells that fill a local niche to optimize heterotypic protection of the affected tissue, preventing pneumonia.
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48
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Aoyagi T, Newstead MW, Zeng X, Nanjo Y, Peters-Golden M, Kaku M, Standiford TJ. Interleukin-36γ and IL-36 receptor signaling mediate impaired host immunity and lung injury in cytotoxic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection: Role of prostaglandin E2. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006737. [PMID: 29166668 PMCID: PMC5718565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative pathogen that can lead to severe infection associated with lung injury and high mortality. The interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines (IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ) are newly described IL-1 like family cytokines that promote inflammatory response via binding to the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R). Here we investigated the functional role of IL-36 cytokines in the modulating of innate immune response against P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection. The intratracheal administration of flagellated cytotoxic P. aeruginosa (ATCC 19660) upregulated IL-36α and IL-36γ, but not IL-36β, in the lungs. IL-36α and IL-36γ were expressed in pulmonary macrophages (PMs) and alveolar epithelial cells in response to P. aeruginosa in vitro. Mortality after bacterial challenge in IL-36 receptor deficient (IL-36R-/-) mice and IL-36γ deficient (IL-36γ-/-) mice, but not IL-36α deficient mice, was significantly lower than that of wild type mice. Decreased mortality in IL-36R-/- mice and IL-36γ-/- mice was associated with reduction in bacterial burden in the alveolar space, bacterial dissemination, production of inflammatory cytokines and lung injury, without changes in lung leukocyte influx. Interestingly, IL-36γ enhanced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) during P. aeruginosa infection in vivo and in vitro. Treatment of PMs with recombinant IL-36γ resulted in impaired bacterial killing via PGE2 and its receptor; EP2. P. aeruginosa infected EP2 deficient mice or WT mice treated with a COX-2-specific inhibitor showed decreased bacterial burden and dissemination, but no change in lung injury. Finally, we observed an increase in IL-36γ, but not IL-36α, in the airspace and plasma of patients with P. aeruginosa-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Thus, IL-36γ and its receptor signal not only impaired bacterial clearance in a possible PGE2 dependent fashion but also mediated lung injury during P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Aoyagi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael W. Newstead
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xianying Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yuta Nanjo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mitsuo Kaku
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Theodore J. Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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49
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Banaschewski BJH, Baer B, Arsenault C, Jazey T, Veldhuizen EJA, Delport J, Gooyers T, Lewis JF, Haagsman HP, Veldhuizen RAW, Yamashita C. The Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Chicken Cathelicidin-2 combined with Exogenous Surfactant for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis-Associated Pathogens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15545. [PMID: 29138462 PMCID: PMC5686076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by recurrent airway infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and chronic inflammation. Chicken cathelicin-2 (CATH-2) has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and to reduce inflammation. In addition, exogenous pulmonary surfactant has been suggested to enhance pulmonary drug delivery. It was hypothesized that CATH-2 when combined with an exogenous surfactant delivery vehicle, bovine lipid extract surfactant (BLES), would exhibit antimicrobial activity against CF-derived bacteria and downregulate inflammation. Twelve strains of CF-pathogens were exposed to BLES+CATH-2 in vitro and killing curves were obtained to determine bactericidal activity. Secondly, heat-killed bacteria were administered in vivo to elicit a pro-inflammatory response with either a co-administration or delayed administration of BLES+CATH-2 to assess the antimicrobial-independent, anti-inflammatory properties of BLES+CATH-2. CATH-2 alone exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against all clinical strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, while BLES+CATH-2 demonstrated a reduction, but significant antimicrobial activity against bacterial isolates. Furthermore, BLES+CATH-2 reduced inflammation in vivo when either co-administered with killed bacteria or after delayed administration. The use of a host-defense peptide combined with an exogenous surfactant compound, BLES+CATH-2, is shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant CF bacterial isolates and reduce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon Baer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Arsenault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teah Jazey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defense, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Delport
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - James F Lewis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defense, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud A W Veldhuizen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cory Yamashita
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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50
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Coleman FT, Blahna MT, Kamata H, Yamamoto K, Zabinski MC, Kramnik I, Wilson AA, Kotton DN, Quinton LJ, Jones MR, Pelton SI, Mizgerd JP. Capacity of Pneumococci to Activate Macrophage Nuclear Factor κB: Influence on Necroptosis and Pneumonia Severity. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:425-435. [PMID: 28368460 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During pneumococcal pneumonia, antibacterial defense requires the orchestrated expression of innate immunity mediators, initiated by alveolar macrophages and dependent on transcription driven by nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Such immune pressure may select for pneumococci, which avoid or subvert macrophage NF-κB activation. Analyzing pneumococci collected from children in Massachusetts, we found that the activation of macrophage NF-κB by Streptococcus pneumoniae is highly diverse, with a preponderance of low NF-κB activators that associate particularly with complicated pneumonia. Low NF-κB activators cause more severe lung infections in mice, and they drive macrophages toward an alternate and detrimental cell fate of necroptosis. Both outcomes can be reversed by activation of macrophages with pneumococci that are high NF-κB activators. These results suggest that low NF-κB activation is a virulence property of pneumococci and that the appropriate activation of macrophages, including NF-κB, may hold promise as an adjunct therapeutic avenue for pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Kramnik
- Pulmonary Center.,Department of Microbiology.,Deparment of Medicine
| | | | | | - Lee J Quinton
- Pulmonary Center.,Deparment of Medicine.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | | | | | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center.,Department of Microbiology.,Deparment of Medicine.,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts
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