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Li Z, Yang Y, Gao F. Monomeric compounds from natural products for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: a review. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:2203-2217. [PMID: 38724690 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the end stage of lung injury and chronic lung diseases that results in diminished lung function, respiratory failure, and ultimately mortality. Despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of this disease remains elusive, and effective therapeutic options are currently limited, posing a significant clinical challenge. In addition, research on traditional Chinese medicine and naturopathic medicine is hampered by several complications due to complex composition and lack of reference compounds. Natural product monomers, possessing diverse biological activities and excellent safety profiles, have emerged as potential candidates for preventing and treating PF. The effective anti-PF ingredients identified can be generally divided into flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides, and alkaloids. Specifically, these monomeric compounds can attenuate inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and other physiopathological processes of the lung through many signaling pathways. They also improve pulmonary factors. Additionally, they ameliorate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT) by regulating multiple signal amplifiers in the lungs, thereby mitigating PF. This review highlights the significant role of monomer compounds derived from natural products in reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and inhibiting EMT process. The article provides comprehensive information and serves as a solid foundation for further exploration of new strategies to harness the potential of botanicals in the treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Li
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Basic Medical Center for Pulmonary Disease, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fu Gao
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China.
- Basic Medical Center for Pulmonary Disease, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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Tanaka A, Wakayama K, Fukuda Y, Ohta S, Homma T, Ando K, Nishihara Y, Nakano R, Zhao J, Suzuki Y, Kyotani Y, Yano H, Kasahara K, Chung KP, Sagara H, Yoshizumi M, Nakahira K. Increased levels of circulating cell-free DNA in COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17399. [PMID: 39075117 PMCID: PMC11286760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is released from injured cells and aggravates inflammation. Patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) often develop pneumonia and respiratory failure, and require oxygen therapy (OT), including mechanical ventilation (MV). It remains unclear whether cfDNA predicts the risk of receiving OT or MV in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we hypothesized that circulating cfDNA levels could reflect the severity of respiratory failure and determine a therapeutic approach for oxygenation in patients with COVID-19. We analyzed cfDNA levels in serum samples from 95 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at Showa University Hospital (Tokyo, Japan). cfDNA levels were assessed by measuring the copy numbers of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Both cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA levels were negatively correlated with adjusted SpO2 for FiO2 (SpO2/FiO2 ratio). Elevated cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA levels were associated with the requirement for OT or MV during patient admission. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA levels were independent risk factors for OT and MV. These results suggest that both serum cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA could serve as useful early biomarkers to indicate the necessity of OT or MV in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Tanaka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuki Wakayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yosuke Fukuda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Ohta
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Homma
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ando
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Showa University Dental Hospital Medical Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishihara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoji Kyotani
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Yano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kei Kasahara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kuei-Pin Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
| | - Hironori Sagara
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Yoshizumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kiichi Nakahira
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Fukihara J, Sakamoto K, Ikeyama Y, Furukawa T, Teramachi R, Kataoka K, Kondoh Y, Hashimoto N, Ishii M. Mitochondrial DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is associated with the prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a single cohort study. Respir Res 2024; 25:202. [PMID: 38730452 PMCID: PMC11083749 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is released from damaged cells and increases in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. While increased levels of serum mtDNA have been reported to be linked to disease progression and the future development of acute exacerbation (AE) of IPF (AE-IPF), the clinical significance of mtDNA in BALF (BALF-mtDNA) remains unclear. We investigated the relationships between BALF-mtDNA levels and other clinical variables and prognosis in IPF. METHODS Extracellular mtDNA levels in BALF samples collected from IPF patients were determined using droplet-digital PCR. Levels of extracellular nucleolar DNA in BALF (BALF-nucDNA) were also determined as a marker for simple cell collapse. Patient characteristics and survival information were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS mtDNA levels in serum and BALF did not correlate with each other. In 27 patients with paired BALF samples obtained in a stable state and at the time of AE diagnosis, BALF-mtDNA levels were significantly increased at the time of AE. Elevated BALF-mtDNA levels were associated with inflammation or disordered pulmonary function in a stable state (n = 90), while being associated with age and BALF-neutrophils at the time of AE (n = 38). BALF-mtDNA ≥ 4234.3 copies/µL in a stable state (median survival time (MST): 42.4 vs. 79.6 months, p < 0.001) and ≥ 11,194.3 copies/µL at the time of AE (MST: 2.6 vs. 20.0 months, p = 0.03) were associated with shorter survival after BALF collection, even after adjusting for other known prognostic factors. On the other hand, BALF-nucDNA showed different trends in correlation with other clinical variables and did not show any significant association with survival time. CONCLUSIONS Elevated BALF-mtDNA was associated with a poor prognosis in both IPF and AE-IPF. Of note, at the time of AE, it sharply distinguished survivors from non-survivors. Given the trends shown by analyses for BALF-nucDNA, the elevation of BALF-mtDNA might not simply reflect the impact of cell collapse. Further studies are required to explore the underlying mechanisms and clinical applications of BALF-mtDNA in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fukihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, Seto, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koji Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Ikeyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taiki Furukawa
- Medical IT Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryo Teramachi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kataoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, Seto, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kondoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, Seto, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Wang Y, Huang X, Luo G, Xu Y, Deng X, Lin Y, Wang Z, Zhou S, Wang S, Chen H, Tao T, He L, Yang L, Yang L, Chen Y, Jin Z, He C, Han Z, Zhang X. The aging lung: microenvironment, mechanisms, and diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1383503. [PMID: 38756780 PMCID: PMC11096524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of global social economy and the deepening of the aging population, diseases related to aging have received increasing attention. The pathogenesis of many respiratory diseases remains unclear, and lung aging is an independent risk factor for respiratory diseases. The aging mechanism of the lung may be involved in the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases. Aging-induced immune, oxidative stress, inflammation, and telomere changes can directly induce and promote the occurrence and development of lung aging. Meanwhile, the occurrence of lung aging also further aggravates the immune stress and inflammatory response of respiratory diseases; the two mutually affect each other and promote the development of respiratory diseases. Explaining the mechanism and treatment direction of these respiratory diseases from the perspective of lung aging will be a new idea and research field. This review summarizes the changes in pulmonary microenvironment, metabolic mechanisms, and the progression of respiratory diseases associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Xuewen Huang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guofeng Luo
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunying Xu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiqian Deng
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Lin
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanzhan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shuwei Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Lei He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Luchuan Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Rehabilitation, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengshi He
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine Center, Sichuan Province People’s Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Fiorini V, Hu B, Sun Y, Yu S, McGovern J, Gandhi S, Woo S, Turcotte-Foster SJ, Pivarnik T, Khan Z, Adams T, Herzog EL, Kaminski N, Gulati M, Ryu C. Circulating Mitochondrial DNA Is Associated With High Levels of Fatigue in Two Independent Sarcoidosis Cohorts. Chest 2024; 165:1174-1185. [PMID: 37977267 PMCID: PMC11110677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with sarcoidosis who develop severe clinical phenotypes of pulmonary fibrosis or multiorgan disease experience debilitating symptoms, with fatigue being a common chief complaint. Studies that have investigated this patient-related outcome measure (PROM) have used the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), a self-reported questionnaire that reflects mental and physical domains. Despite extensive work, its cause is unknown and treatment options remain limited. Previously, we showed that the plasma of patients with sarcoidosis with extrapulmonary disease endorsing fatigue was enriched for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a ligand for the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Through our cross-disciplinary platform, we investigated a relationship between sarcoidosis-induced fatigue and circulating mtDNA. RESEARCH QUESTION Is there a psychobiologic mechanism that connects sarcoidosis-induced fatigue and mtDNA-mediated TLR9 activation? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Using a local cohort of patients at Yale (discovery cohort) and the National Institutes of Health-sponsored Genomic Research in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Sarcoidosis study (validation cohort), we scored the FAS and quantified in the plasma, mtDNA concentrations, TLR9 activation, and cytokine levels. RESULTS Although FAS scores were independent of corticosteroid use and Scadding stage, we observed a robust association between FAS scores, which included mental and physical domains, and multiorgan sarcoidosis. Subsequently, we identified a significant correlation between plasma mtDNA concentrations and all domains of fatigue. Additionally, we found that TLR9 activation is associated with all aspects of the FAS and partially mediates this PROM through mtDNA. Last, we found that TLR9-associated soluble mediators in the plasma are independent of all facets of fatigue. INTERPRETATION Through our cross-disciplinary translational platform, we identified a previously unrecognized psychobiologic connection between sarcoidosis-induced fatigue and circulating mtDNA concentrations. Mechanistic work that investigates the contribution of mtDNA-mediated innate immune activation in this PROM and clinical studies with prospective cohorts has the potential to catalyze novel therapeutic strategies for this patient population and those with similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Fiorini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Buqu Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sheeline Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - John McGovern
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Shifa Gandhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Samuel Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sara Jean Turcotte-Foster
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Taylor Pivarnik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Zara Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Taylor Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Mridu Gulati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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Kim J, Yuan Y, Agaronyan K, Zhao A, Wang VD, Gupta G, Essayas H, Kaminski A, McGovern J, Yu S, Woo S, Lee CJ, Saleh T, Hu B, Sun Y, Ishikawa G, Bain W, Evankovich J, Herzog EL, Cruz CSD, Ryu C, Sharma L. Damage sensing through TLR9 Promotes Viral Clearance and Recovery During Influenza Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.04.583378. [PMID: 38496452 PMCID: PMC10942338 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.04.583378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Host response aimed at eliminating the infecting pathogen, as well as the pathogen itself, can cause tissue injury. Tissue injury leads to the release of a myriad of cellular components including mitochondrial DNA, which the host senses through pattern recognition receptors. How the sensing of tissue injury by the host shapes the anti-pathogen response remains poorly understood. In this study, we utilized mice that are deficient in toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9), which binds to unmethylated CpG DNA sequences such as those present in bacterial and mitochondrial DNA. To avoid direct pathogen sensing by TLR9, we utilized the influenza virus, which lacks ligands for TLR9, to determine how damage sensing by TLR9 contributes to anti-influenza immunity. Our data show that TLR9-mediated sensing of tissue damage promotes an inflammatory response during early infection, driven by the myeloid cells and associated cytokine responses. Along with the diminished inflammatory response, the absence of damage sensing through TLR9 led to impaired viral clearance manifested as a higher and prolonged influenza burden in the lung. The absence of TLR9 led to extensive infection of myeloid cells including monocytes and macrophages rendering them highly inflammatory, despite having a low initial inflammatory response. The persistent inflammation driven by infected myeloid cells led to persistent lung injury and impaired recovery in influenza-infected TLR9-/- mice. Further, we show elevated circulating TLR9 ligands in the plasma samples of patients with influenza, demonstrating its clinical relevance. Overall, over data show an essential role of damage sensing through TLR9 in promoting anti-influenza immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yifan Yuan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- University of Maryland, MA
| | - Karen Agaronyan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Amy Zhao
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Victoria D Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gayatri Gupta
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Heran Essayas
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ayelet Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - John McGovern
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sheeline Yu
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Samuel Woo
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Chris J. Lee
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tayebeh Saleh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Buqu Hu
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ying Sun
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Genta Ishikawa
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - William Bain
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John Evankovich
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Erica L. Herzog
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Charles S. Dela Cruz
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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7
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Liu T, Hecker J, Liu S, Rui X, Boyer N, Wang J, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Mou H, Gomez-Escobar LG, Choi AM, Raby BA, Weiss ST, Zhou X. The Asthma Risk Gene, GSDMB, Promotes Mitochondrial DNA-induced ISGs Expression. JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2024; 1:10005. [PMID: 38737375 PMCID: PMC11086750 DOI: 10.35534/jrbtm.2024.10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Released mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in cells activates cGAS-STING pathway, which induces expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and thereby promotes inflammation, as frequently seen in asthmatic airways. However, whether the genetic determinant, Gasdermin B (GSDMB), the most replicated asthma risk gene, regulates this pathway remains unknown. We set out to determine whether and how GSDMB regulates mtDNA-activated cGAS-STING pathway and subsequent ISGs induction in human airway epithelial cells. Using qPCR, ELISA, native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays, we evaluated the regulation of GSDMB on cGAS-STING pathway in both BEAS-2B cells and primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (nHBEs). mtDNA was extracted in plasma samples from human asthmatics and the correlation between mtDNA levels and eosinophil counts was analyzed. GSDMB is significantly associated with RANTES expression in asthmatic nasal epithelial brushing samples from the Genes-environments and Admixture in Latino Americans (GALA) II study. Over-expression of GSDMB promotes DNA-induced IFN and ISGs expression in bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells and nHBEs. Conversely, knockout of GSDMB led to weakened induction of interferon (IFNs) and ISGs in BEAS-2B cells. Mechanistically, GSDMB interacts with the C-terminus of STING, promoting the translocation of STING to Golgi, leading to the phosphorylation of IRF3 and induction of IFNs and ISGs. mtDNA copy number in serum from asthmatics was significantly correlated with blood eosinophil counts especially in male subjects. GSDMB promotes the activation of mtDNA and poly (dA:dT)-induced activation of cGAS-STING pathway in airway epithelial cells, leading to enhanced induction of ISGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julian Hecker
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siqi Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xianliang Rui
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathan Boyer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuzhen Yu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yihan Zhang
- The Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hongmei Mou
- The Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Augustine M.K. Choi
- Weil Cornell Medical School, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Raby
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Wang L, Yuan H, Li W, Yan P, Zhao M, Li Z, Zhao H, Wang S, Wan R, Li Y, Yang J, Pan X, Rosas I, Yu G. ACSS3 regulates the metabolic homeostasis of epithelial cells and alleviates pulmonary fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166960. [PMID: 37979225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. The emerging evidence demonstrates that metabolic homeostatic imbalance caused by repetitive injuries of the alveolar epithelium is the potential pathogenesis of IPF. Proteomic analysis identified that Acetyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 3 (ACSS3) expression was decreased in IPF patients and mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis. ACSS3 participated in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Increased expression of ACSS3 downregulated carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT-1A) and resulted in the accumulation of lipid droplets, while enhanced glycolysis which led to an increase in extracellular lactic acid levels in A549 cells. ACSS3 increases the production of succinyl-CoA through propionic acid metabolism, and decreases the generation of acetyl-CoA and ATP in alveolar epithelial cells. Overexpression of Acss3 inhibited the excessive deposition of ECM and attenuated the ground-glass opacity which determined by micro-CT in vivo. In a nutshell, our findings demonstrate that ACSS3 decreased the fatty acid oxidation through CPT1A deficiency and enhanced anaerobic glycolysis, this metabolic reprogramming deactivate the alveolar epithelial cells by lessen mitochondrial fission and fusion, increase of ROS production, suppression of mitophagy, promotion of apoptosis, suggesting that ACSS3 might be potential therapeutic target in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Peishuo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mengxia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhongzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Huabin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Shenghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Ruyan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yajun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Juntang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Ivan Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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Summer R, Todd JL, Neely ML, Lobo LJ, Namen A, Newby LK, Shafazand S, Suliman S, Hesslinger C, Keller S, Leonard TB, Palmer SM, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, Roman J. Circulating metabolic profile in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: data from the IPF-PRO Registry. Respir Res 2024; 25:58. [PMID: 38273290 PMCID: PMC10809477 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circulating metabolome, reflecting underlying cellular processes and disease biology, has not been fully characterized in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We evaluated whether circulating levels of metabolites correlate with the presence of IPF, with the severity of IPF, or with the risk of clinically relevant outcomes among patients with IPF. METHODS We analyzed enrollment plasma samples from 300 patients with IPF in the IPF-PRO Registry and 100 individuals without known lung disease using a set of targeted metabolomics and clinical analyte modules. Linear regression was used to compare metabolite and clinical analyte levels between patients with IPF and controls and to determine associations between metabolite levels and measures of disease severity in patients with IPF. Unadjusted and adjusted univariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate associations between circulating metabolites and the risk of mortality or disease progression among patients with IPF. RESULTS Levels of 64 metabolites and 5 clinical analytes were significantly different between patients with IPF and controls. Among analytes with greatest differences were non-esterified fatty acids, multiple long-chain acylcarnitines, and select ceramides, levels of which were higher among patients with IPF versus controls. Levels of the branched-chain amino acids valine and leucine/isoleucine were inversely correlated with measures of disease severity. After adjusting for clinical factors known to influence outcomes, higher levels of the acylcarnitine C:16-OH/C:14-DC were associated with all-cause mortality, lower levels of the acylcarnitine C16:1-OH/C14:1DC were associated with all-cause mortality, respiratory death, and respiratory death or lung transplant, and higher levels of the sphingomyelin d43:2 were associated with the risk of respiratory death or lung transplantation. CONCLUSIONS IPF has a distinct circulating metabolic profile characterized by increased levels of non-esterified fatty acids, long-chain acylcarnitines, and ceramides, which may suggest a more catabolic environment that enhances lipid mobilization and metabolism. We identified select metabolites that were highly correlated with measures of disease severity or the risk of disease progression and that may be developed further as biomarkers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; No: NCT01915511; URL: www. CLINICALTRIALS gov .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Summer
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jamie L Todd
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Megan L Neely
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - L Jason Lobo
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Namen
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - L Kristin Newby
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sascha Keller
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Scott M Palmer
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Jesse Roman
- Jane and Leonard Korman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Ware SA, Kliment CR, Giordano L, Redding KM, Rumsey WL, Bates S, Zhang Y, Sciurba FC, Nouraie SM, Kaufman BA. Cell-free DNA levels associate with COPD exacerbations and mortality. Respir Res 2024; 25:42. [PMID: 38238743 PMCID: PMC10797855 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
THE QUESTION ADDRESSED BY THE STUDY Good biological indicators capable of predicting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) phenotypes and clinical trajectories are lacking. Because nuclear and mitochondrial genomes are damaged and released by cigarette smoke exposure, plasma cell-free mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (cf-mtDNA and cf-nDNA) levels could potentially integrate disease physiology and clinical phenotypes in COPD. This study aimed to determine whether plasma cf-mtDNA and cf-nDNA levels are associated with COPD disease severity, exacerbations, and mortality risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS We quantified mtDNA and nDNA copy numbers in plasma from participants enrolled in the Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE, n = 2,702) study and determined associations with relevant clinical parameters. RESULTS Of the 2,128 participants with COPD, 65% were male and the median age was 64 (interquartile range, 59-69) years. During the baseline visit, cf-mtDNA levels positively correlated with future exacerbation rates in subjects with mild/moderate and severe disease (Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] I/II and III, respectively) or with high eosinophil count (≥ 300). cf-nDNA positively associated with an increased mortality risk (hazard ratio, 1.33 [95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.74] per each natural log of cf-nDNA copy number). Additional analysis revealed that individuals with low cf-mtDNA and high cf-nDNA abundance further increased the mortality risk (hazard ratio, 1.62 [95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.25] per each natural log of cf-nDNA copy number). ANSWER TO THE QUESTION Plasma cf-mtDNA and cf-nDNA, when integrated into quantitative clinical measurements, may aid in improving COPD severity and progression assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Ware
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street BST W1044, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Corrine R Kliment
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luca Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street BST W1044, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Kevin M Redding
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street BST W1044, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - William L Rumsey
- GlaxoSmithKline Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Stewart Bates
- GlaxoSmithKline Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit, Stevenage, UK
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Frank C Sciurba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S Mehdi Nouraie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- UPMC Montefiore Hospital, NW628 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street BST W1044, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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11
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Ghincea A, Woo S, Sheeline Y, Pivarnik T, Fiorini V, Herzog EL, Ryu C. Mitochondrial DNA Sensing Pathogen Recognition Receptors in Systemic Sclerosis Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Review. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN RHEUMATOLOGY 2023; 9:204-220. [PMID: 38230363 PMCID: PMC10791121 DOI: 10.1007/s40674-023-00211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of the review Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a condition of dermal and visceral scar formation characterized by immune dysregulation and inflammatory fibrosis. Approximately 90% of SSc patients develop interstitial lung disease (ILD), and it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Further understanding of immune-mediated fibroproliferative mechanisms has the potential to catalyze novel treatment approaches in this difficult to treat disease. Recent findings Recent advances have demonstrated the critical role of aberrant innate immune activation mediated by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) through interactions with toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and cytosolic cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS). Summary In this review, we will discuss how the nature of the mtDNA, whether oxidized or mutated, and its mechanism of release, either intracellularly or extracellularly, can amplify fibrogenesis by activating TLR9 and cGAS, and the novel insights gained by interrogating these signaling pathways. Because the scope of this review is intended to generate hypotheses for future research, we conclude our discussion with several important unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ghincea
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Samuel Woo
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Yu Sheeline
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Taylor Pivarnik
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Vitoria Fiorini
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Erica L. Herzog
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
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12
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Chen Y, Fang X, Li B, Mo C. The role of cGAS-STING signaling in pulmonary fibrosis and its therapeutic potential. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273248. [PMID: 37965345 PMCID: PMC10642193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and ultimately fatal lung disease, exhibiting the excessive production of extracellular matrix and aberrant activation of fibroblast. While Pirfenidone and Nintedanib are FDA-approved drugs that can slow down the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, they are unable to reverse the disease. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to develop more efficient therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis. The intracellular DNA sensor called cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) plays a crucial role in detecting DNA and generating cGAMP, a second messenger. Subsequently, cGAMP triggers the activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING), initiating a signaling cascade that leads to the stimulation of type I interferons and other signaling molecules involved in immune responses. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of aberrant activation of cGAS-STING contributes to fibrotic lung diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge regarding the role of cGAS-STING pathway in pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, we discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting the cGAS-STING pathway, including the utilization of inhibitors of cGAS and STING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutian Chen
- The Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Maurmann RM, Schmitt BL, Mosalmanzadeh N, Pence BD. Mitochondrial dysfunction at the cornerstone of inflammatory exacerbation in aged macrophages. EXPLORATION OF IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 3:442-452. [PMID: 38831878 PMCID: PMC11147369 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2023.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Immunosenescence encompasses multiple age-related adaptations that result in increased susceptibility to infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, and higher mortality risk. Macrophages are key innate cells implicated in inflammatory responses and tissue homeostasis, functions progressively compromised by aging. This process coincides with declining mitochondrial physiology, whose integrity is required to sustain and orchestrate immune responses. Indeed, multiple insults observed in aged macrophages have been implied as drivers of mitochondrial dysfunction, but how this translates into impaired immune function remains sparsely explored. This review provides a perspective on recent studies elucidating the underlying mechanisms linking dysregulated mitochondria homeostasis to immune function in aged macrophages. Genomic stress alongside defective mitochondrial turnover accounted for the progressive accumulation of damaged mitochondria in aged macrophages, thus resulting in a higher susceptibility to excessive mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Increased levels of these mitochondrial products following infection were demonstrated to contribute to exacerbated inflammatory responses mediated by overstimulation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and cyclic GMP-ATP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathways. While these mechanisms are not fully elucidated, the present evidence provides a promising area to be explored and a renewed perspective of potential therapeutic targets for immunological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Negin Mosalmanzadeh
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
| | - Brandt D. Pence
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
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14
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Han M, Wang S, Zhou X, Zhang P, Han Z, Chen Y, Cai H, Wu L, Huang X, Wang L, Chen Y. Baicalin alleviates bleomycin-induced early pulmonary fibrosis in mice via the mitoKATP signaling pathway. Toxicology 2023; 497-498:153638. [PMID: 37783230 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM), a frequently employed chemotherapeutic agent, exhibits restricted clinical utility owing to its pulmonary toxicity. Meanwhile, baicalin (BA)-an active ingredient extracted from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi -has been shown to alleviate BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Hence, the objective of this study was to examine the protective effects of BA in the context of BLM-induced early PF in mice and elucidate the underlying mechanism(s). We established an in vivo BLM (3.5 mg/kg)-induced PF murine model and in vitro BLM (35 μM)-damaged MLE-12 cell model. On Day 14 of treatment, the levels of fibrosis and apoptosis were evaluated in mouse lungs via hydroxyproline analysis, western blotting (COL1A1, TGF-β, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3), and Masson, immunohistochemical (α-SMA, AIF, Cyto C), and TUNEL staining. Additionally, in vitro, apoptosis was assessed in MLE-12 cells exposed to BLM for 24 h using the Annexin V/PI assay and western blotting (Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, AIF, Cyto C). To elucidate the role of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) in the protective effect of BA, we utilised diazoxide (DZX)-a mitoKATP agonist-and 5-hydroxydecanoate sodium (5-HD)-a mitoKATP inhibitor. Results revealed the involvement of mitoKATP in the protective effect of BA in BLM-induced PF. More specifically, mitoKATP activation can attenuate BLM-induced PF progression and mitigate alveolar epithelial type II cell death by reducing mitochondrial ROS, maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential, and impeding the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Collectively, the findings offer pharmacological support to use BA for the treatment or prevention of BLM-induced PF and suggest that mitoKATP might serve as an effective therapeutic target for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Han
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shayan Wang
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xuehua Zhou
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- The Respiratory Division, Ruian People's Hospital, Zhejiang 325200, China
| | - Zhengyuan Han
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Haijian Cai
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Liangxing Wang
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Yanfan Chen
- The Respiratory Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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15
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Liang Y, Fan S, Jiang Y, Ji T, Chen R, Xu Q, Liu Y, Xiao Y, Cai H, Dai J. Elevated serum mitochondrial DNA levels were associated with the progression and mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110754. [PMID: 37573686 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was implicated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but the association between circulating mtDNA levels with clinical parameters in IPF was unclear. In this study, we investigate the relationship between serum mtDNA levels with the progression and mortality of IPF. Eighty-three patients with clinical diagnoses of IPF and fifty-three healthy controls were enrolled. Clinical data were collected and IPF patients were classified as stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) based on the diagnostic criteria. Serum mtDNA levels were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and were compared between the two groups. Associations of the mtDNA levels with pulmonary function data and clinical parameters were assessed. Cox regression was performed to access the association between serum mtDNA levels with mortality in IPF. The serum mtDNA levels were significantly higher in IPF patients compared to those in healthy controls (P < 0.001), and further higher in patients with PD than those with SD (P < 0.001). Serum mtDNA levels were significantly inverse correlated with carbon monoxide diffusing capacity percent predicted (DLCO% predicted) (P = 0.030) and serum albumin levels (P = 0.008). During follow-up, 36 patients (43.4 %) died with a median survival of 46.00 (IQR: 25.00-69.75) months. Multivariate analysis showed that higher serum mtDNA levels were a significant predictor of mortality in IPF. In conclusion, elevated serum mtDNA levels were associated with the progression and mortality of IPF, which provided new insights that mitochondrial metabolism might have a potential role in the pathogenesis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiwen Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxian Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Ji
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ranxun Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonglong Xiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hourong Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinghong Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Harrington JS, Ryter SW, Plataki M, Price DR, Choi AMK. Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2349-2422. [PMID: 37021870 PMCID: PMC10393386 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria are also integral for the synthesis of metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, the production of reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering the breadth of their responsibilities, mitochondria are fundamental for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Appreciating this significance, translational medicine has begun to investigate how mitochondrial dysfunction can represent a harbinger of disease. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways, and how mitochondrial dysfunction at any of these levels is associated with disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria-dependent pathways may thereby represent an attractive therapeutic target for ameliorating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Harrington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Maria Plataki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - David R Price
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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17
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Garg M, Johri S, Chakraborty K. Immunomodulatory role of mitochondrial DAMPs: a missing link in pathology? FEBS J 2023; 290:4395-4418. [PMID: 35731715 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In accordance with the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondrial components bear characteristic prokaryotic signatures, which act as immunomodulatory molecules when released into the extramitochondrial compartment. These endogenous immune triggers, called mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, yet their role remains largely unexplored. In this review, we summarise the available literature on mtDAMPs in diseases, with a special focus on respiratory diseases. We highlight the need to bolster mtDAMP research using a multipronged approach, to study their effect on specific cell types, receptors and machinery in pathologies. We emphasise the lacunae in the current understanding of mtDAMPs, particularly in their cellular release and the chemical modifications they undergo. Finally, we conclude by proposing additional effects of mtDAMPs in diseases, specifically their role in modulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Garg
- Cardio-Respiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Saumya Johri
- Cardio-Respiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Krishnendu Chakraborty
- Cardio-Respiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
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18
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Huang W, Wen L, Tian H, Jiang J, Liu M, Ye Y, Gao J, Zhang R, Wang F, Li H, Shen L, Peng F, Tu Y. Self-Propelled Proteomotors with Active Cell-Free mtDNA Clearance for Enhanced Therapy of Sepsis-Associated Acute Lung Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301635. [PMID: 37518854 PMCID: PMC10520684 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a frequent and serious complication of sepsis with limited therapeutic options. Gaining insights into the inflammatory dysregulation that causes sepsis-associated ALI can help develop new therapeutic strategies. Herein, the crucial role of cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) in the regulation of alveolar macrophage activation during sepsis-associated ALI is identified. Most importantly, a biocompatible hybrid protein nanomotor (NM) composed of recombinant deoxyribonuclease I (DNase-I) and human serum albumin (HSA) via glutaraldehyde-mediated crosslinking is prepared to obtain an inhalable nanotherapeutic platform targeting pulmonary cf-mtDNA clearance. The synthesized DNase-I/HSA NMs are endowed with self-propulsive capability and demonstrate superior performances in stability, DNA hydrolysis, and biosafety. Pulmonary delivery of DNase-I/HSA NMs effectively eliminates cf-mtDNAs in the lungs, and also improves sepsis survival by attenuating pulmonary inflammation and lung injury. Therefore, pulmonary cf-mtDNA clearance strategy using DNase-I/HSA NMs is considered to be an attractive approach for sepsis-associated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichang Huang
- Department of Critical Care MedicineDongguan Institute of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Dongguan HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityDongguan523059China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Lihong Wen
- Department of Plastic SurgerySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Hao Tian
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Jiamiao Jiang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Meihuan Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Yicheng Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Junbin Gao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Ruotian Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Fei Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Huaan Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Lihan Shen
- Department of Critical Care MedicineDongguan Institute of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Dongguan HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityDongguan523059China
| | - Fei Peng
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
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19
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Karampitsakos T, Juan-Guardela BM, Tzouvelekis A, Herazo-Maya JD. Precision medicine advances in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. EBioMedicine 2023; 95:104766. [PMID: 37625268 PMCID: PMC10469771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a highly heterogeneous, unpredictable and ultimately lethal chronic lung disease. Over the last decade, two anti-fibrotic agents have been shown to slow disease progression, however, both drugs are administered uniformly with minimal consideration of disease severity and inter-individual molecular, genetic, and genomic differences. Advances in biological understanding of disease endotyping and the emergence of precision medicine have shown that "a one-size-fits-all approach" to the management of chronic lung diseases is no longer appropriate. While precision medicine approaches have revolutionized the management of other diseases such as lung cancer and asthma, the implementation of precision medicine in IPF clinical practice remains an unmet need despite several reports demonstrating a large number of diagnostic, prognostic and theragnostic biomarker candidates in IPF. This review article aims to summarize our current knowledge of precision medicine in IPF and highlight barriers to translate these research findings into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Karampitsakos
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ubben Center for Pulmonary Fibrosis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brenda M Juan-Guardela
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ubben Center for Pulmonary Fibrosis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Jose D Herazo-Maya
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ubben Center for Pulmonary Fibrosis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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20
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Seewald LA, Sabino IG, Montney KL, Delco ML. Synovial fluid mitochondrial DNA concentration reflects the degree of cartilage damage after naturally occurring articular injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1056-1065. [PMID: 37028640 PMCID: PMC10524327 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release from injured chondrocytes and investigate the utility of synovial fluid mtDNA concentration in early detection of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. METHOD We measured mtDNA release using four models of osteoarthritis: in vitro interleukin-1β stimulation of cultured equine chondrocytes, ex vivo mechanical impact of bovine cartilage explants, in vivo mechanical impact of equine articular cartilage, and naturally occurring equine intraarticular fracture. In our in vivo model, one group was treated with an intraarticular injection of the mitoprotective peptide SS-31 following cartilage injury. mtDNA content was quantified using qPCR. For naturally occurring cases of joint injury, clinical data (radiographs, arthroscopic video footage) were scored for criteria associated with degenerative joint disease. RESULTS Chondrocytes released mtDNA in the acute time frame following inflammatory and mechanical cellular stress in vitro. mtDNA was increased in equine synovial fluid following experimental and naturally occurring injury to the joint surface. In naturally occurring posttraumatic osteoarthritis, we found a strong positive correlation between the degree of cartilage damage and mtDNA concentration (r = 0.80, P = 0.0001). Finally, impact-induced mtDNA release was mitigated by mitoprotective treatment. CONCLUSION Changes in synovial fluid mtDNA occur following joint injury and correlate with the severity of cartilage damage. Mitoprotection mitigates increases in synovial fluid mtDNA suggesting that mtDNA release may reflect mitochondrial dysfunction. Further investigation of mtDNA as a potentially sensitive marker of early articular injury and response to mitoprotective therapy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Seewald
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - I G Sabino
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - K L Montney
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - M L Delco
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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21
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Fang L, Chen WC, Jaksch P, Molino A, Saglia A, Roth M, Lambers C. Treprostinil Reconstitutes Mitochondrial Organisation and Structure in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12148. [PMID: 37569523 PMCID: PMC10418929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) presents as an incurable change in the lung tissue and mitochondrial dysfunction of unknown origin. Treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, has been suggested for IPF therapy. This study assessed the effect of treprostinil on the cAMP signalling and mitochondrial activity in healthy lung fibroblasts and fibroblast-like cells from IPF patients. Six control fibroblast strains and six fibroblast-like IPF cell strains were isolated and expanded from freshly resected lung tissue. The cells were grown to confluence before being treated with either transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, treprostinil, their combination, or a vehicle for up to 2 days. Mitochondria-regulating proteins were analysed using Western blotting and immunofluorescence, and the mitochondria were analysed using cytochrome C, mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase II (MTCO2), and MTCO4. The IPF cells showed an increased rate of damaged mitochondria, which were significantly reduced when the cells were treated with treprostinil over 24 h. In the control cells, treprostinil prevented TGF-β-induced mitochondrial damage. Treatment with treprostinil modified the expression of several mitochondria-regulating proteins. In both cell types, treprostinil upregulated the expression of PTEN, p21(Waf1/Cip1), beclin1, LC3 II, parkin, PINK1, MTCO2, and MTCO4. In contrast, treprostinil downregulated the phosphorylation of mTOR and the expression of p62, mitofusin1, and mtiofusin2 in IPF cells. This might explain the reduced mitochondrial damage observed in treprostinil-treated IPF cells and suggest an improvement in the mitochondrial function in IPF. In this study, treprostinil improved mitochondrial impairment in vitro, which might, in part, explain the beneficial clinical effects documented in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department Biomedicine & Clinic of Pneumology, University & University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; (L.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11266, Taiwan
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 10-14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Antonio Molino
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Naples, Federico II, via S. Pansini 10, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Saglia
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, AO dei Colli, via L. Bianchi snc, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department Biomedicine & Clinic of Pneumology, University & University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; (L.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Christopher Lambers
- Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 10-14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Pneumology, Ordensklinikum Linz/Elisabethinen, Fadingerstr. 1, 4020 Linz, Austria
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22
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Liu J, Wang J, Xiong A, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xiong Y, Li G, He X. Mitochondrial quality control in lung diseases: current research and future directions. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1236651. [PMID: 37538379 PMCID: PMC10395103 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1236651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases are a major global health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. Recent research has highlighted the critical role that mitochondrial quality control plays in respiratory-related diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this review, we summarize recent findings on the involvement of mitochondrial quality control in these diseases and discuss potential therapeutic strategies. Mitochondria are essential organelles for energy production and other cellular processes, and their dysfunction is associated with various diseases. The quality control of mitochondria involves a complex system of pathways, including mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion/fission dynamics, and regulation of gene expression. In COPD and lung cancer, mitochondrial quality control is often involved in disease development by influencing oxidative stress and apoptosis. In IPF, it appears to be involved in the disease process by participating in the cellular senescence process. Mitochondrial quality control is a promising target for therapeutic interventions in lung diseases. However, there are conflicting reports on different pathological processes, such as the role of mitochondrial autophagy in lung cancer, which pose difficulties in the study of targeted mitochondrial quality control drugs. Additionally, there seems to be a delicate balance between the mitochondrial quality control processes in the physiological state. Emerging evidence suggests that molecules such as PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PRKN), dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α), as well as the signaling pathways they affect, play an important role in respiratory-related diseases. Targeting these molecules and pathways could contribute to the development of effective treatments for lung diseases. In conclusion, the involvement of mitochondrial quality control in lung diseases presents a promising new avenue for disease treatment. Further research is needed to better understand the complex mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases and to develop targeted therapies that could improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliu Liu
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anying Xiong
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Friendship Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang He
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
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Seok JK, Kim M, Kang HC, Cho YY, Lee HS, Lee JY. Beyond DNA sensing: expanding the role of cGAS/STING in immunity and diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2023:10.1007/s12272-023-01452-3. [PMID: 37354378 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is a DNA sensor that elicits a robust type I interferon response by recognizing ubiquitous danger-associated molecules. The cGAS/stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS/STING) is activated by endogenous DNA, including DNA released from mitochondria and extranuclear chromatin, as well as exogenous DNA derived from pathogenic microorganisms. cGAS/STING is positioned as a key axis of autoimmunity, the inflammatory response, and cancer progression, suggesting that the cGAS/STING signaling pathway represents an efficient therapeutic target. Based on the accumulated evidence, we present insights into the prevention and treatment of cGAS/STING-related chronic immune and inflammatory diseases. This review presents the current state of clinical and nonclinical development of modulators targeting cGAS/STING, providing useful information on the design of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Seok
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chang Kang
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Drakopanagiotakis F, Markart P, Steiropoulos P. Acute Exacerbations of Interstitial Lung Diseases: Focus on Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10196. [PMID: 37373339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a large group of pulmonary disorders characterized histologically by the cardinal involvement of the pulmonary interstitium. The prototype of ILDs is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), an incurable disease characterized by progressive distortion and loss of normal lung architecture through unchecked collagen deposition. Acute exacerbations are dramatic events during the clinical course of ILDs, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Infections, microaspiration, and advanced lung disease might be involved in the pathogenesis of acute exacerbations. Despite clinical scores, the prediction of the onset and outcome of acute exacerbations is still inaccurate. Biomarkers are necessary to characterize acute exacerbations better. We review the evidence for alveolar epithelial cell, fibropoliferation, and immunity molecules as potential biomarkers for acute exacerbations of interstitial lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Drakopanagiotakis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Philipp Markart
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Klinikum Fulda and University Medicine Campus Fulda, Pacelliallee 4, 36043 Fulda, Germany
| | - Paschalis Steiropoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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25
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Rajesh R, Atallah R, Bärnthaler T. Dysregulation of metabolic pathways in pulmonary fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108436. [PMID: 37150402 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disorder of unknown origin and the most common interstitial lung disease. It progresses with the recruitment of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts that contribute to the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, leading to the loss of compliance and alveolar integrity, compromising the gas exchange capacity of the lung. Moreover, while there are therapeutics available, they do not offer a cure. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify better therapeutic targets. With the advent of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, the cellular mechanisms underlying disease progression are better understood. Metabolic homeostasis is one such factor and its dysregulation has been shown to impact the outcome of IPF. Several metabolic pathways involved in the metabolism of lipids, protein and carbohydrates have been implicated in IPF. While metabolites are crucial for the generation of energy, it is now appreciated that metabolites have several non-metabolic roles in regulating cellular processes such as proliferation, signaling, and death among several other functions. Through this review, we succinctly elucidate the role of several metabolic pathways in IPF. Moreover, we also discuss potential therapeutics which target metabolism or metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Rajesh
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Reham Atallah
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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26
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Ishikawa G, Peng X, McGovern J, Woo S, Perry C, Liu A, Yu S, Ghincea A, Kishchanka A, Fiorini V, Hu B, Sun Y, Sun H, Ryu C, Herzog EL. α1 Adrenoreceptor antagonism mitigates extracellular mitochondrial DNA accumulation in lung fibrosis models and in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L639-L651. [PMID: 36648147 PMCID: PMC10110730 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00119.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is increasingly associated with nerve-driven processes and endogenous innate immune ligands such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Interestingly, a connection between these entities has not been explored. Here, we report that noradrenaline (NA) derived from the lung's adrenergic nerve supply drives α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-expressing fibroblast accumulation via mechanisms involving α1 adrenoreceptors and mtDNA. Using the bleomycin model, we compared ablation of the lung's adrenergic nerve supply with surgical adrenal resection and found that NA derived from local but not adrenal sources contributes to experimentally induced lung fibrosis and the emergence of an αSMA+ve fibroblast population expressing adrenoreceptor α-1D (ADRA1D). Therapeutic delivery of the α1 adrenoreceptor antagonist terazosin reversed these changes and suppressed extracellular mtDNA accumulation. Cultured normal human lung fibroblasts displayed α1 adrenoreceptors and in response to costimulation with TGFβ1 and NA adopted ACTA2 expression and extracellular mtDNA release. These findings were opposed by terazosin. Evaluation of a previously studied IPF cohort revealed that patients prescribed α1 adrenoreceptor antagonists for nonpulmonary indications demonstrated improved survival and reduced concentrations of plasma mtDNA. Our observations link nerve-derived NA, α1 adrenoreceptors, extracellular mtDNA, and lung fibrogenesis in mouse models, cultured cells, and humans with IPF. Further study of this neuroinnate connection may yield new avenues for investigation in the clinical and basic science realms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Ishikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Xueyan Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - John McGovern
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Sam Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Carrighan Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Angela Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Sheeline Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Alexander Ghincea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Aliaksandr Kishchanka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Vitória Fiorini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Buqu Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Huanxing Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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27
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Rodriguez L, Tomer Y, Carson P, Dimopoulos T, Zhao M, Chavez K, Iyer S, Huang L, Ebert C, Sereda L, Murthy A, Trujillo G, Beers MF, Katzen J. Chronic Expression of a Clinical SFTPC Mutation Causes Murine Lung Fibrosis with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Features. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:358-365. [PMID: 36473455 PMCID: PMC10112421 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0203ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease. A barrier to developing more effective therapies for IPF is the dearth of preclinical models that recapitulate the early pathobiology of this disease. Intratracheal bleomycin, the conventional preclinical murine model of IPF, fails to reproduce the intrinsic dysfunction to the alveolar epithelial type 2 cell (AEC2) that is believed to be a proximal event in the pathogenesis of IPF. Murine fibrosis models based on SFTPC (Surfactant Protein C gene) mutations identified in patients with interstitial lung disease cause activation of the AEC2 unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress-an AEC2 dysfunction phenotype observed in IPF. Although these models achieve spontaneous fibrosis, they do so with precedent lung injury and thus are challenged to phenocopy the general clinical course of patients with IPF-gradual progressive fibrosis and loss of lung function. Here, we report a refinement of a murine Sftpc mutation model to recapitulate the clinical course, physiological impairment, parenchymal cellular composition, and biomarkers associated with IPF. This platform provides the field with an innovative model to understand IPF pathogenesis and index preclinical therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodriguez
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
| | - Yaniv Tomer
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
| | - Paige Carson
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
| | | | - Ming Zhao
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
| | - Katrina Chavez
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
| | - Swati Iyer
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
| | - Li Huang
- Fibrosis Biology Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey; and
| | - Christina Ebert
- Fibrosis Biology Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey; and
| | - Larisa Sereda
- Fibrosis Biology Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey; and
| | - Aditi Murthy
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
| | - Glenda Trujillo
- Fibrosis Biology Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey; and
| | - Michael F. Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
- PENN–CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeremy Katzen
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
- PENN–CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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28
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Singh J, Boettcher M, Dölling M, Heuer A, Hohberger B, Leppkes M, Naschberger E, Schapher M, Schauer C, Schoen J, Stürzl M, Vitkov L, Wang H, Zlatar L, Schett GA, Pisetsky DS, Liu ML, Herrmann M, Knopf J. Moonlighting chromatin: when DNA escapes nuclear control. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:861-875. [PMID: 36755071 PMCID: PMC9907214 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular chromatin, for example in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), is an important element that propels the pathological progression of a plethora of diseases. DNA drives the interferon system, serves as autoantigen, and forms the extracellular scaffold for proteins of the innate immune system. An insufficient clearance of extruded chromatin after the release of DNA from the nucleus into the extracellular milieu can perform a secret task of moonlighting in immune-inflammatory and occlusive disorders. Here, we discuss (I) the cellular events involved in the extracellular release of chromatin and NET formation, (II) the devastating consequence of a dysregulated NET formation, and (III) the imbalance between NET formation and clearance. We include the role of NET formation in the occlusion of vessels and ducts, in lung disease, in autoimmune diseases, in chronic oral disorders, in cancer, in the formation of adhesions, and in traumatic spinal cord injury. To develop effective therapies, it is of utmost importance to target pathways that cause decondensation of chromatin during exaggerated NET formation and aggregation. Alternatively, therapies that support the clearance of extracellular chromatin are conceivable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeshan Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Boettcher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dölling
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Heuer
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel Cancer Career Center Hamburg HaTriCS4, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Hohberger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Leppkes
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universtität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mirco Schapher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Paracelsus University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Christine Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Schoen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universtität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ljubomir Vitkov
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Department of Dental Pathology, University of East Sarajevo, East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leticija Zlatar
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg A Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David S Pisetsky
- Department of Medicine and Immunology and Medical Research Service, Duke University Medical Center and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ming-Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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29
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SH2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase-SHP2 Attenuates Fibrotic Responses through Negative Regulation of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Lung Fibroblasts. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061166. [PMID: 36980473 PMCID: PMC10047203 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We have previously shown that SHP2 downregulation may predispose fibroblasts to differentiate into myofibroblasts and proposed a role for SHP2 downregulation in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Recent data have shown that SHP2 localizes to the mitochondrial intercristae, and its overexpression enhances mitochondrial metabolism leading to oxidative stress and senescence. Objective: To determine the effect of SHP2 on fibrotic responses. Methods and Results: Primary mouse lung fibroblasts derived from mice carrying a conditional knock-in mutation (D61G/+), rendering the SHP2 catalytic domain constitutively active, had reduced proliferation (1.6-fold, p < 0.05), migration (2-fold, p < 0.05), as well as reduced responsiveness of TGFB-1 induced fibroblasts-to-myofibroblasts differentiation, compared to wild-type ones. Electron microscope analysis revealed that SHP2 D61G/+ mouse lung fibroblasts were characterized by mitochondrial abnormalities, including swollen mitochondria with disrupted electron-lucent cristae and an increased number of autophagosomes compared to wild-type ones. SHP2 D61G/+ MLFs exhibited increased protein levels of autophagy markers, including LC3B-II and p-62, evidence that was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis. Mitochondrial function analysis revealed that stable (genotype D61G/+) overexpression of SHP2 led to impaired mitochondrial function, as assessed by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (1.29-fold, p < 0.05), coupling efficiency (1.82 fold, p < 0.05), oxygen consumption rate (1.9-fold, p < 0.05), and increased reactive oxygen species production both at baseline (1.75-fold, p < 0.05) and following H2O2 stimulation (1.63-fold, p < 0.05) compared to wild-type ones (SHP2+/+). SHP2 D61G/+ mouse lung fibroblasts showed enhanced AMPK activity, as well as decreased activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, potentially leading to ineffective mitochondrial metabolism and increased autophagy. Conclusions: SHP2 attenuates fibrotic responses in fibroblast cell lines through negative regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and induction of autophagy. SHP2 activation may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with fibrotic lung diseases.
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30
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Ahangari F, Price NL, Malik S, Chioccioli M, Bärnthaler T, Adams TS, Kim J, Pradeep SP, Ding S, Cosmos C, Rose KAS, McDonough JE, Aurelien NR, Ibarra G, Omote N, Schupp JC, DeIuliis G, Villalba Nunez JA, Sharma L, Ryu C, Dela Cruz CS, Liu X, Prasse A, Rosas I, Bahal R, Fernández-Hernando C, Kaminski N. microRNA-33 deficiency in macrophages enhances autophagy, improves mitochondrial homeostasis, and protects against lung fibrosis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e158100. [PMID: 36626225 PMCID: PMC9977502 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and ultimately fatal disease. Recent findings have shown a marked metabolic reprogramming associated with changes in mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy during pulmonary fibrosis. The microRNA-33 (miR-33) family of microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded within the introns of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) genes are master regulators of sterol and fatty acid (FA) metabolism. miR-33 controls macrophage immunometabolic response and enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, FA oxidation, and cholesterol efflux. Here, we show that miR-33 levels are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells isolated from patients with IPF compared with healthy controls. We demonstrate that specific genetic ablation of miR-33 in macrophages protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The absence of miR-33 in macrophages improves mitochondrial homeostasis and increases autophagy while decreasing inflammatory response after bleomycin injury. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of miR-33 in macrophages via administration of anti-miR-33 peptide nucleic acids (PNA-33) attenuates fibrosis in different in vivo and ex vivo mice and human models of pulmonary fibrosis. These studies elucidate a major role of miR-33 in macrophages in the regulation of pulmonary fibrosis and uncover a potentially novel therapeutic approach to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Ahangari
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nathan L. Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shipra Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maurizio Chioccioli
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Taylor S. Adams
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jooyoung Kim
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sai Pallavi Pradeep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shuizi Ding
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carlos Cosmos
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kadi-Ann S. Rose
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John E. McDonough
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nachelle R. Aurelien
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Hospital Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel Ibarra
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Life Span Medical Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Norihito Omote
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jonas C. Schupp
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Giuseppe DeIuliis
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julian A. Villalba Nunez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Charles S. Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xinran Liu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging (CCMI), Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Antje Prasse
- Department of Pneumology, University of Hannover, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivan Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Raman Bahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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31
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Adv Respir Med 2023; 91:26-48. [PMID: 36825939 PMCID: PMC9952569 DOI: 10.3390/arm91010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory system is a well-organized multicellular organ, and disruption of cellular homeostasis or abnormal tissue repair caused by genetic deficiency and exposure to risk factors lead to life-threatening pulmonary disease including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Although there is no clear etiology as the name reflected, its pathological progress is closely related to uncoordinated cellular and molecular signals. Here, we review the advances in our understanding of the role of lung tissue cells in IPF pathology including epithelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. These advances summarize the role of various cell components and signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which is helpful to further study the pathological mechanism of the disease, provide new opportunities for disease prevention and treatment, and is expected to improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients.
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32
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de Moura Rodrigues D, Lacerda-Queiroz N, Couillin I, Riteau N. STING Targeting in Lung Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:3483. [PMID: 36359882 PMCID: PMC9657237 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The cGAS-STING pathway displays important functions in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity following the detection of microbial and host-derived DNA. Here, we briefly summarize biological functions of STING and review recent literature highlighting its important contribution in the context of respiratory diseases. Over the last years, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of STING activation, which has favored the development of STING agonists or antagonists with potential therapeutic benefits. Antagonists might alleviate STING-associated chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Furthermore, pharmacological activation of STING displays strong antiviral properties, as recently shown in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. STING agonists also elicit potent stimulatory activities when used as an adjuvant promoting antitumor responses and vaccines efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian de Moura Rodrigues
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Laboratory, University of Orleans, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7355, 45100 Orleans, France
| | | | - Isabelle Couillin
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Laboratory, University of Orleans, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7355, 45100 Orleans, France
| | - Nicolas Riteau
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Laboratory, University of Orleans, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7355, 45100 Orleans, France
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33
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Xiao H, Peng L, Jiang D, Liu Y, Zhu L, Li Z, Geng J, Xie B, Huang X, Wang J, Dai H, Wang C. IL‐17A
promotes lung fibrosis through impairing mitochondrial homeostasis in type
II
alveolar epithelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5728-5741. [DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Xiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China‐Japan Friendship Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine Peking University Beijing China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China‐Japan Friendship Hospital; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Liang Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune‐Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science China‐Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing China
| | - Dingyuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China‐Japan Friendship Hospital; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China‐Japan Friendship Hospital; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China‐Japan Friendship Hospital; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China‐Japan Friendship Hospital; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China‐Japan Friendship Hospital; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Bingbing Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China‐Japan Friendship Hospital; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Medical Research Center Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China‐Japan Friendship Hospital; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China‐Japan Friendship Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine Peking University Beijing China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China‐Japan Friendship Hospital; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
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34
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Volkmann ER, Siegfried J, Lahm T, Ventetuolo CE, Mathai SC, Steen V, Herzog EL, Shansky R, Anguera MC, Danoff SK, Giles JT, Lee YC, Drake W, Maier LA, Lachowicz-Scroggins M, Park H, Banerjee K, Fessel J, Reineck L, Vuga L, Crouser E, Feghali-Bostwick C. Impact of Sex and Gender on Autoimmune Lung Disease: Opportunities for Future Research: NHLBI Working Group Report. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:817-823. [PMID: 35549658 PMCID: PMC9799264 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202112-2746pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Volkmann
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jill Siegfried
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Tim Lahm
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine and Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Corey E. Ventetuolo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Stephen C. Mathai
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Virginia Steen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Erica L. Herzog
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rebecca Shansky
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University College of Science, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Montserrat C. Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sonye K. Danoff
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jon T. Giles
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Yvonne C. Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Wonder Drake
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lisa A. Maier
- Division of Occupational Health and Environmental Health Sciences, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Marrah Lachowicz-Scroggins
- Women’s Health Working Group, NIH Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heiyoung Park
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Josh Fessel
- Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lora Reineck
- Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Louis Vuga
- Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elliott Crouser
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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35
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Hepokoski ML, Odish M, Lam MT, Coufal NG, Rolfsen ML, Shadel GS, Moyzis AG, Sainz AG, Takiar PG, Patel S, Leonard AJ, Samandari N, Hansen E, Trescott S, Nguyen C, Jepsen K, Cutter G, Gillespie MN, Spragg RG, Sasik R, Ix JH. Absolute quantification of plasma mitochondrial DNA by droplet digital PCR marks COVID-19 severity over time during intensive care unit admissions. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L84-L92. [PMID: 35699291 PMCID: PMC9273271 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00128.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma mitochondrial DNA concentrations are associated with poor outcomes in multiple critical illnesses, including COVID-19. However, current methods of cell-free mitochondrial DNA quantification in plasma are time-consuming and lack reproducibility. Here, we used next-generation sequencing to characterize the size and genome location of circulating mitochondrial DNA in critically ill subjects with COVID-19 to develop a facile and optimal method of quantification by droplet digital PCR. Sequencing revealed a large percentage of small mitochondrial DNA fragments in plasma with wide variability in coverage by genome location. We identified probes for the mitochondrial DNA genes, cytochrome B and NADH dehydrogenase 1, in regions of relatively high coverage that target small sequences potentially missed by other methods. Serial assessments of absolute mitochondrial DNA concentrations were then determined in plasma from 20 critically ill subjects with COVID-19 without a DNA isolation step. Mitochondrial DNA concentrations on the day of enrollment were increased significantly in patients with moderate or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared with those with no or mild ARDS. Comparisons of mitochondrial DNA concentrations over time between patients with no/mild ARDS who survived, patients with moderate/severe ARDS who survived, and nonsurvivors showed the highest concentrations in patients with more severe disease. Absolute mitochondrial DNA quantification by droplet digital PCR is time-efficient and reproducible; thus, we provide a valuable tool and rationale for future studies evaluating mitochondrial DNA as a real-time biomarker to guide clinical decision-making in critically ill subjects with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Hepokoski
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Mazen Odish
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Michael T Lam
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
| | - Mark L Rolfsen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Alva G Sainz
- Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Puja G Takiar
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Sagar Patel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Austin J Leonard
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | - Emily Hansen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Samantha Trescott
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Celina Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Gary Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mark N Gillespie
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Roger G Spragg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Roman Sasik
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Joachim H Ix
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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36
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Qin Y, Chen Y, Chen J, Xu K, Xu F, Shi J. The relationship between previous pulmonary tuberculosis and risk of lung cancer in the future. Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:20. [PMID: 35525982 PMCID: PMC9078090 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-022-00434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Various investigations have expanded the views that tuberculosis is an important risk factor for lung cancer occurrence. Lung cancer originates from chronic inflammation and infection. It is becoming clearer that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) in tuberculosis patients meticulously schemes multiple mechanisms to induce tumor formation and is indispensable to participate in the occurrence of lung cancer. In addition, some additional factors such as age, sex and smoking, accelerate the development of lung cancer after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The clarification of these insights is fostering new diagnoses and therapeutic approaches to prevention of the patients developing from tuberculosis into lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Qin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, China.,Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Nantong Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiothoracic Disease, and Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Nantong Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiothoracic Disease, and Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, No. 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuang Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, China
| | - Feifan Xu
- Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, No. 500 Yonghe Road, Nantong, China.
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Nantong Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiothoracic Disease, and Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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37
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Liang J, Huang G, Liu X, Taghavifar F, Liu N, Wang Y, Deng N, Yao C, Xie T, Kulur V, Dai K, Burman A, Rowan SC, Weigt SS, Belperio J, Stripp B, Parks WC, Jiang D, Noble PW. The ZIP8/SIRT1 axis regulates alveolar progenitor cell renewal in aging and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:157338. [PMID: 35389887 PMCID: PMC9151700 DOI: 10.1172/jci157338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractType 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s) function as progenitor cells in the lung. We have shown previously that failure of AEC2 regeneration results in progressive lung fibrosis in mice and is a cardinal feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this study, we identified a deficiency of a specific zinc transporter SLC39A8 (ZIP8) in AEC2s from both IPF lungs and lungs of old mice. Loss of ZIP8 expression was associated with impaired renewal capacity of AEC2s and enhanced lung fibrosis. ZIP8 regulation of AEC2 progenitor function was dependent on SIRT1. Replenishment with exogenous zinc and SIRT1 activation promoted self-renewal and differentiation of AEC2s from lung tissues of IPF patients and old mice. Deletion of Zip8 in AEC2s in mice impaired AEC2 renewal, increased susceptibility of the mice to bleomycin injury, and the mice developed spontaneous lung fibrosis. Therapeutic strategies to restore zinc metabolism and appropriate SIRT1 signaling could improve AEC2 progenitor function and mitigate ongoing fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiurong Liang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Guanling Huang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Forough Taghavifar
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Ningshan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Nan Deng
- Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Changfu Yao
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Ting Xie
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Vrishika Kulur
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Kristy Dai
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Ankita Burman
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Simon C Rowan
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - S Samuel Weigt
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - John Belperio
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Barry Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - William C Parks
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Paul W Noble
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
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38
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He J, Du Y, Li G, Xiao P, Sun X, Song W, Lai L, Xia M, Zhang J, Wang Q. Myeloid Fbxw7 Prevents Pulmonary Fibrosis by Suppressing TGF-β Production. Front Immunol 2022; 12:760138. [PMID: 35069531 PMCID: PMC8767095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a group of chronic interstitial pulmonary diseases characterized by an inexorable decline in lung function with limited treatment options. The abnormal expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in profibrotic macrophages is linked to severe pulmonary fibrosis, but the regulation mechanisms of TGF-β expression are incompletely understood. We found that decreased expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase Fbxw7 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was significantly related to the severity of pulmonary fibrosis in IPF patients. Fbxw7 is identified to be a crucial suppressing factor for pulmonary fibrosis development and progression in a mouse model induced by intratracheal bleomycin treatment. Myeloid cell-specific Fbxw7 deletion increases pulmonary monocyte-macrophages accumulation in lung tissue, and eventually promotes bleomycin-induced collagen deposition and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Notably, the expression of TGF-β in profibrotic macrophages was significantly upregulated in myeloid cell-specific Fbxw7 deletion mice after bleomycin treatment. C-Jun has long been regarded as a critical transcription factor of Tgfb1, we clarified that Fbxw7 inhibits the expression of TGF-β in profibrotic macrophages by interacting with c-Jun and mediating its K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation. These findings provide insight into the role of Fbxw7 in the regulation of macrophages during the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Du
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaopeng Li
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingzheng Sun
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Song
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Lai
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Xia
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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39
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Whalen W, Buyukozkan M, Moore B, Moon JS, Dela Cruz CS, Martinez FJ, Choi AMK, Krumsiek J, Stout-Delgado H, Cho SJ. Association of circulating cell-free double-stranded DNA and metabolic derangements in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax 2022; 77:186-190. [PMID: 34521729 PMCID: PMC8758529 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease with unclear aetiology and poorly understood pathophysiology. Although plasma levels of circulating cell-free DNA (ccf-DNA) and metabolomic changes have been reported in IPF, the associations between ccf-DNA levels and metabolic derangements in lung fibrosis are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ccf-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is increased in patients with IPF with rapid progression of disease compared with slow progressors and healthy controls and that ccf-dsDNA associates with amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways in patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Whalen
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mustafa Buyukozkan
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bethany Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jong-Seok Moon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do, The Republic of Korea
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Pulmonary Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Heather Stout-Delgado
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Soo Jung Cho
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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40
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White ES, Thomas M, Stowasser S, Tetzlaff K. Challenges for Clinical Drug Development in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:823085. [PMID: 35173620 PMCID: PMC8841605 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.823085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a pathologic process associated with scarring of the lung interstitium. Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) encompass a large and heterogenous group of disorders, a number of which are characterized by progressive pulmonary fibrosis that leads to respiratory failure and death. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been described as an archetype of progressive fibrosing ILD, and the development of pirfenidone and nintedanib has been a major breakthrough in the treatment of patients with this deadly disease. Both drugs principally target scar-forming fibroblasts and have been shown to significantly slow down the accelerated decline of lung function by approximately 50%. In addition, nintedanib has been approved for patients with other progressive fibrosing ILDs and systemic sclerosis-associated ILD. However, there is still no cure for pulmonary fibrosis and no meaningful improvement of symptoms or quality of life has been shown. Advancement in research, such as the advent of single cell sequencing technology, has identified additional pathologic cell populations beyond the fibroblast which could be targeted for therapeutic purposes. The preclinical and clinical development of novel drug candidates is hampered by profound challenges such as a lack of sensitive clinical outcomes or suitable biomarkers that would provide an early indication of patient benefit. With the availability of these anti-fibrotic treatments, it has become even more difficult to demonstrate added efficacy, in particular in short-term clinical studies. Patient heterogeneity and the paucity of biomarkers of disease activity further complicate clinical development. It is conceivable that future treatment of pulmonary fibrosis will need to embrace more precision in treating the right patient at the right time, explore novel measures of efficacy, and likely combine treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. White
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Susanne Stowasser
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Kay Tetzlaff
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kay Tetzlaff,
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41
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Takahashi M, Mizumura K, Gon Y, Shimizu T, Kozu Y, Shikano S, Iida Y, Hikichi M, Okamoto S, Tsuya K, Fukuda A, Yamada S, Soda K, Hashimoto S, Maruoka S. Iron-Dependent Mitochondrial Dysfunction Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:643980. [PMID: 35058772 PMCID: PMC8765595 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear, it is known to involve epithelial injury and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) as a consequence of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. Moreover, smoking deposits iron in the mitochondria of alveolar epithelial cells. Iron overload in mitochondria causes the Fenton reaction, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and ROS leakage from the mitochondria induces cell injury and inflammation in the lungs. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying iron metabolism and pulmonary fibrosis are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to determine whether iron metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. We demonstrated that administration of the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) reduced CS-induced pulmonary epithelial cell death, mitochondrial ROS production, and mitochondrial DNA release. Notably, CS-induced cell death was reduced by the administration of an inhibitor targeting ferroptosis, a unique iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death. Transforming growth factor-β-induced EMT of pulmonary epithelial cells was also reduced by DFO. The preservation of mitochondrial function reduced Transforming growth factor-β-induced EMT. Furthermore, transbronchial iron chelation ameliorated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and leukocyte migration in a murine model. Our findings indicate that iron metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, they may be leveraged as new therapeutic targets for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Takahashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizumura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shimizu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kozu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sotaro Shikano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Iida
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Hikichi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Okamoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Tsuya
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asami Fukuda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Yamada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Soda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Schuliga M, Kanwal A, Read J, Blokland KEC, Burgess JK, Prêle CM, Mutsaers SE, Grainge C, Thomson C, James A, Bartlett NW, Knight DA. A cGAS-dependent response links DNA damage and senescence in alveolar epithelial cells: a potential drug target in IPF. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L859-L871. [PMID: 34524912 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00574.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) senescence is implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Mitochondrial dysfunction including release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a feature of senescence, which led us to investigate the role of the DNA-sensing guanine monophosphate-adenine monophosphate (GMP-AMP) synthase (cGAS) in IPF, with a focus on AEC senescence. cGAS expression in fibrotic tissue from lungs of patients with IPF was detected within cells immunoreactive for epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and p21, epithelial and senescence markers, respectively. Submerged primary cultures of AECs isolated from lung tissue of patients with IPF (IPF-AECs, n = 5) exhibited higher baseline senescence than AECs from control donors (Ctrl-AECs, n = 5-7), as assessed by increased nuclear histone 2AXγ phosphorylation, p21 mRNA, and expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) cytokines. Pharmacological cGAS inhibition using RU.521 diminished IPF-AEC senescence in culture and attenuated induction of Ctrl-AEC senescence following etoposide-induced DNA damage. Short interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of cGAS also attenuated etoposide-induced senescence of the AEC line, A549. Higher levels of mtDNA were detected in the cytosol and culture supernatants of primary IPF- and etoposide-treated Ctrl-AECs when compared with Ctrl-AECs at baseline. Furthermore, ectopic mtDNA augmented cGAS-dependent senescence of Ctrl-AECs, whereas DNAse I treatment diminished IPF-AEC senescence. This study provides evidence that a self-DNA-driven, cGAS-dependent response augments AEC senescence, identifying cGAS as a potential therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schuliga
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amama Kanwal
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane Read
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kaj E C Blokland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD and KOLFF Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD and KOLFF Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia M Prêle
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steven E Mutsaers
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher Grainge
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire Thomson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allen James
- John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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43
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The Role of Interaction between Mitochondria and the Extracellular Matrix in the Development of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9932442. [PMID: 34707784 PMCID: PMC8545566 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9932442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a condition which affects mainly older adults, that suggests mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which follow cells senescence, and might contribute to the disease onset. We have assumed pathogenesis associated with crosstalk between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and mitochondria, mainly based on mitochondrial equilibrium impairment consisting of (1) tyrosine kinases and serine-threonine kinase (TKs and ST-Ks) activation via cytokines, (2) mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction and in consequence electrons leak with lower ATP synthesis, (3) the activation of latent TGF-β via αVβ6 integrin, (4) tensions transduction via α2β1 integrin, (5) inefficient mitophagy, and (6) stress inhibited biogenesis. Mitochondria dysfunction influences ECM composition and vice versa. Damaged mitochondria release mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to the microenvironment. Therefore, airway epithelial cells (AECs) undergo transition and secrete cytokines. Described factors initiate an inflammatory process with immunological enhancement. In consequence, local fibroblasts exposed to harmful conditions transform into myofibroblasts, produce ECM, and induce progression of fibrosis. In our review, we summarize numerous aspects of mitochondrial pathobiology, which seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. In addition, an increasing body of evidence suggests considering crosstalk between the ECM and mitochondria in this context. Moreover, mitochondria and ECM seem to be important players in the antifibrotic treatment of IPF.
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44
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Miller KN, Victorelli SG, Salmonowicz H, Dasgupta N, Liu T, Passos JF, Adams PD. Cytoplasmic DNA: sources, sensing, and role in aging and disease. Cell 2021; 184:5506-5526. [PMID: 34715021 PMCID: PMC8627867 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous cytoplasmic DNA (cytoDNA) species are emerging as key mediators of inflammation in diverse physiological and pathological contexts. Although the role of endogenous cytoDNA in innate immune activation is well established, the cytoDNA species themselves are often poorly characterized and difficult to distinguish, and their mechanisms of formation, scope of function and contribution to disease are incompletely understood. Here, we summarize current knowledge in this rapidly progressing field with emphases on similarities and differences between distinct cytoDNAs, their underlying molecular mechanisms of formation and function, interactions between cytoDNA pathways, and therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl N Miller
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stella G Victorelli
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hanna Salmonowicz
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences & Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; International Institute of Molecular Mechanisms and Machines, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nirmalya Dasgupta
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - João F Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Peter D Adams
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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45
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Zhang X, Zheng C, Gao Z, Wang L, Chen C, Zheng Y, Meng Y. PKM2 promotes angiotensin-II-induced cardiac remodelling by activating TGF-β/Smad2/3 and Jak2/Stat3 pathways through oxidative stress. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10711-10723. [PMID: 34687136 PMCID: PMC8581335 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive cardiac remodelling is a common cause of heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating cardiac remodelling remain unclear. Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) is a key regulator of the processes of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, but the roles in cardiac remodelling remain unknown. In the present study, we found that PKM2 was enhanced in angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated cardiac fibroblasts and hypertensive mouse hearts. Suppression of PKM2 by shikonin alleviated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis in Ang-II-induced cardiac remodelling in vivo. Furthermore, inhibition of PKM2 markedly attenuated the function of cardiac fibroblasts including proliferation, migration and collagen synthesis in vitro. Mechanistically, suppression of PKM2 inhibited cardiac remodelling by suppressing TGF-β/Smad2/3, Jak2/Stat3 signalling pathways and oxidative stress. Together, this study suggests that PKM2 is an aggravator in Ang-II-mediated cardiac remodelling. The negative modulation of PKM2 may provide a promising therapeutic approach for hypertensive cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiting Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqiang Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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46
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Ung CY, Onoufriadis A, Parsons M, McGrath JA, Shaw TJ. Metabolic perturbations in fibrosis disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 139:106073. [PMID: 34461262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic changes occur in all forms of disease but their impact on fibrosis is a relatively recent area of interest. This review provides an overview of the major metabolic pathways, glycolysis, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, and highlights how they influence fibrosis at a cellular and tissue level, drawing on key discoveries in dermal, renal, pulmonary and hepatic fibrosis. The emerging influence of adipose tissue-derived cytokines is discussed and brings a link between fibrosis and systemic metabolism. To close, the concept of targeting metabolism for fibrotic therapy is reviewed, drawing on lessons from the more established field of cancer metabolism, with an emphasis on important considerations for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuin Ying Ung
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE19RT, UK.
| | | | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE11UL, UK.
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE19RT, UK.
| | - Tanya J Shaw
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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47
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Abstract
Innate immunity is regulated by a broad set of evolutionary conserved receptors to finely probe the local environment and maintain host integrity. Besides pathogen recognition through conserved motifs, several of these receptors also sense aberrant or misplaced self-molecules as a sign of perturbed homeostasis. Among them, self-nucleic acid sensing by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway alerts on the presence of both exogenous and endogenous DNA in the cytoplasm. We review recent literature demonstrating that self-nucleic acid detection through the STING pathway is central to numerous processes, from cell physiology to sterile injury, auto-immunity and cancer. We address the role of STING in autoimmune diseases linked to dysfunctional DNAse or related to mutations in DNA sensing pathways. We expose the role of the cGAS/STING pathway in inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative conditions and cancer. Connections between STING in various cell processes including autophagy and cell death are developed. Finally, we review proposed mechanisms to explain the sources of cytoplasmic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Riteau
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Laboratory (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7355 and University of Orleans, Orleans, France
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48
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Schuliga M, Read J, Knight DA. Ageing mechanisms that contribute to tissue remodeling in lung disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101405. [PMID: 34242806 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for chronic respiratory diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and certain phenotypes of asthma. The recent COVID-19 pandemic also highlights the increased susceptibility of the elderly to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a diffuse inflammatory lung injury with often long-term effects (ie parenchymal fibrosis). Collectively, these lung conditions are characterized by a pathogenic reparative process that, rather than restoring organ function, contributes to structural and functional tissue decline. In the ageing lung, the homeostatic control of wound healing following challenge or injury has an increased likelihood of being perturbed, increasing susceptibility to disease. This loss of fidelity is a consequence of a diverse range of underlying ageing mechanisms including senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, proteostatic stress and diminished autophagy that occur within the lung, as well as in other tissues, organs and systems of the body. These ageing pathways are highly interconnected, involving localized and systemic increases in inflammatory mediators and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs); along with corresponding changes in immune cell function, metabolism and composition of the pulmonary and gut microbiomes. Here we comprehensively review the roles of ageing mechanisms in the tissue remodeling of lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schuliga
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jane Read
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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49
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Selvarajah B, Azuelos I, Anastasiou D, Chambers RC. Fibrometabolism-An emerging therapeutic frontier in pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/697/eaay1027. [PMID: 34429381 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the final pathological outcome and major cause of morbidity and mortality in many common and chronic inflammatory, immune-mediated, and metabolic diseases. Despite the growing incidence of fibrotic diseases and extensive research efforts, there remains a lack of effective therapies that improve survival. The application of omics technologies has revolutionized our approach to identifying previously unknown therapeutic targets and potential disease biomarkers. The application of metabolomics, in particular, has improved our understanding of disease pathomechanisms and garnered a wave of scientific interest in the role of metabolism in the biology of myofibroblasts, the key effector cells of the fibrogenic response. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in metabolism not only are a feature of but also may play an influential role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, most notably in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most rapidly progressive and fatal of all fibrotic conditions. This review will detail the role of key metabolic pathways, their alterations in myofibroblasts, and the potential this new knowledge offers for the development of antifibrotic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brintha Selvarajah
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Ilan Azuelos
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | | | - Rachel C Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
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50
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Ishikawa G, Liu A, Herzog EL. Evolving Perspectives on Innate Immune Mechanisms of IPF. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:676569. [PMID: 34434962 PMCID: PMC8381017 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.676569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While epithelial-fibroblast interactions are viewed as the primary drivers of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), evidence gleaned from animal modeling and human studies implicates innate immunity as well. To provide perspective on this topic, this review synthesizes the available data regarding the complex role of innate immunity in IPF. The role of substances present in the fibrotic microenvironment including pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) derived from invading or commensal microbes, and danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) derived from injured cells and tissues will be discussed along with the proposed contribution of innate immune populations such as macrophages, neutrophils, fibrocytes, myeloid suppressor cells, and innate lymphoid cells. Each component will be considered in the context of its relationship to environmental and genetic factors, disease outcomes, and potential therapies. We conclude with discussion of unanswered questions and opportunities for future study in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Ishikawa
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Angela Liu
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Erica L. Herzog
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,*Correspondence: Erica L. Herzog,
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