1
|
Avcibas R, Vermul A, Gluhovic V, Boback N, Arroyo R, Kingma P, Isasi-Campillo M, Garcia-Ortega L, Griese M, Kuebler WM, Ochs M, Lauster D, Lopez-Rodriguez E. Multivalent, calcium-independent binding of surfactant protein A and D to sulfated glycosaminoglycans of the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L524-L538. [PMID: 38375572 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00283.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung surfactant collectins, surfactant protein A (SP-A) and D (SP-D), are oligomeric C-type lectins involved in lung immunity. Through their carbohydrate recognition domain, they recognize carbohydrates at pathogen surfaces and initiate lung innate immune response. Here, we propose that they may also be able to bind to other carbohydrates present in typical cell surfaces, such as the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed and quantified the binding affinity of SP-A and SP-D to different sugars and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by microscale thermophoresis (MST). In addition, by changing the calcium concentration, we aimed to characterize any consequences on the binding behavior. Our results show that both oligomeric proteins bind with high affinity (in nanomolar range) to GAGs, such as hyaluronan (HA), heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS). Binding to HS and CS was calcium-independent, as it was not affected by changing calcium concentration in the buffer. Quantification of GAGs in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from animals deficient in either SP-A or SP-D showed changes in GAG composition, and electron micrographs showed differences in alveolar glycocalyx ultrastructure in vivo. Taken together, SP-A and SP-D bind to model sulfated glycosaminoglycans of the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx in a multivalent and calcium-independent way. These findings provide a potential mechanism for SP-A and SP-D as an integral part of the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx binding and interconnecting free GAGs, proteoglycans, and other glycans in glycoproteins, which may influence glycocalyx composition and structure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY SP-A and SP-D function has been related to innate immunity of the lung based on their binding to sugar residues at pathogen surfaces. However, their function in the healthy alveolus was considered as limited to interaction with surfactant lipids. Here, we demonstrated that these proteins bind to glycosaminoglycans present at typical cell surfaces like the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx. We propose a model where these proteins play an important role in interconnecting alveolar epithelial glycocalyx components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Avcibas
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Vermul
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vladimir Gluhovic
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Boback
- Core Facility Electron Microscopy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raquel Arroyo
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Paul Kingma
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Miriam Isasi-Campillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Garcia-Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthias Griese
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
- Core Facility Electron Microscopy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Lauster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceuticals, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Lopez-Rodriguez
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lipid-Protein and Protein-Protein Interactions in the Pulmonary Surfactant System and Their Role in Lung Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103708. [PMID: 32466119 PMCID: PMC7279303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid/protein complex synthesized by the alveolar epithelium and secreted into the airspaces, where it coats and protects the large respiratory air–liquid interface. Surfactant, assembled as a complex network of membranous structures, integrates elements in charge of reducing surface tension to a minimum along the breathing cycle, thus maintaining a large surface open to gas exchange and also protecting the lung and the body from the entrance of a myriad of potentially pathogenic entities. Different molecules in the surfactant establish a multivalent crosstalk with the epithelium, the immune system and the lung microbiota, constituting a crucial platform to sustain homeostasis, under health and disease. This review summarizes some of the most important molecules and interactions within lung surfactant and how multiple lipid–protein and protein–protein interactions contribute to the proper maintenance of an operative respiratory surface.
Collapse
|
3
|
Pandit H, Kale K, Yamamoto H, Thakur G, Rokade S, Chakraborty P, Vasudevan M, Kishore U, Madan T, Fichorova RN. Surfactant Protein D Reverses the Gene Signature of Transepithelial HIV-1 Passage and Restricts the Viral Transfer Across the Vaginal Barrier. Front Immunol 2019; 10:264. [PMID: 30984160 PMCID: PMC6447669 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective prophylactic strategy against the current epidemic of sexually transmitted HIV-1 infection requires understanding of the innate gatekeeping mechanisms at the genital mucosa. Surfactant protein D (SP-D), a member of the collectin family of proteins naturally present in the vaginal tract, is a potential HIV-1 entry inhibitor at the cellular level. Human EpiVaginal tissues compartmentalized in culture inserts were apically exposed to HIV-1 and/or a recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rfhSP-D) and viral passage was assessed in the basal chamber containing mononuclear leukocytes. To map the gene signature facilitating or resisting the transepithelial viral transfer, microarray analysis of the HIV-1 challenged EpiVaginal tissues was performed in the absence or presence of rfhSP-D. Mucosal biocompatibility of rfhSP-D was assessed ex vivo and in the standard rabbit vaginal irritation model. The passage of virus through the EpiVaginal tissues toward the underlying target cells was associated with a global epithelial gene signature including differential regulation of genes primarily involved in inflammation, tight junctions and cytoskeletal framework. RfhSP-D significantly inhibited HIV-1 transfer across the vaginal tissues and was associated with a significant reversal of virus induced epithelial gene signature. Pro-inflammatory NF-κB and mTOR transcripts were significantly downregulated, while expression of the tight junctions and cytoskeletal genes was upheld. In the absence of virus, rfhSP-D directly interacted with the EpiVaginal tissues and upregulated expression of genes related to structural stability of the cell and epithelial integrity. There was no increment in the viral acquisition by the PBMCs present in basal chambers wherein, the EpiVaginal tissues in apical chambers were treated with rfhSP-D. The effective concentrations of rfhSP-D had no effect on lactobacilli, epithelial barrier integrity and were safe on repeated applications onto the rabbit vaginal mucosa. This pre-clinical safety data, coupled with its efficacy of restricting viral passage via reversal of virus-induced gene expression of the vaginal barrier, make a strong argument for clinical trials of rfhSP-D as a topical anti-HIV microbicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hrishikesh Pandit
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India.,Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kavita Kale
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Hidemi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gargi Thakur
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Sushama Rokade
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Payal Chakraborty
- Genome Informatics Research Group, Bionivid Technology Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, India
| | - Madavan Vasudevan
- Genome Informatics Research Group, Bionivid Technology Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, India
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Raina Nakova Fichorova
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhatti F, Kung JW, Vieira F. Retinal degeneration mutation in Sftpa1tm1Kor/J and Sftpd -/- targeted mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199824. [PMID: 29969487 PMCID: PMC6029784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins are important collectin immune molecules with a wide distribution throughout the body, including the ocular system. Mice with gene deletions for the surfactant protein genes Sftpa1 and Sftpd were observed to have visual impairment and thinning of the outer nuclear layers of the retina. We hypothesized that gene deletion of Sftpa1 and Sftpd (Sftpa1tm1Kor/J and Sftpd-/-) results in early retinal degeneration in these mice. Sftpa1tm1Kor/J and Sftpd-/- retinas were evaluated by histopathology and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Retinas from Sftpa1tm1Kor/J and Sftpd -/- mice showed early retinal degeneration with loss of the outer nuclear layer. After screening of mice for known retinal degeneration mutations, the mice were found to carry a previously unrecognized Pde6brd1 genotype which resulted from earlier breeding of the strain with Black Swiss mice during their generation. The mutation was outbred and the genotype of Sftpa1tm1Kor/J and Sftpd-/- was confirmed. Outbreeding of the Pde6brd1 mutation resulted in restoration of normal retinal architecture confirmed by in vivo and in vitro examination. We can therefore conclude that loss of Sftpa1 and Sftpd do not result in retinal degeneration. We have now generated retinal Sftpa1 and Sftpd targeted mice that exhibit normal retinal histology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizah Bhatti
- Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology and Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Johannes W. Kung
- Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Frederico Vieira
- Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Sorensen GL. Surfactant Protein D in Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:18. [PMID: 29473039 PMCID: PMC5809447 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a multimeric collectin that is involved in innate immune defense and expressed in pulmonary, as well as non-pulmonary, epithelia. SP-D exerts antimicrobial effects and dampens inflammation through direct microbial interactions and modulation of host cell responses via a series of cellular receptors. However, low protein concentrations, genetic variation, biochemical modification, and proteolytic breakdown can induce decomposition of multimeric SP-D into low-molecular weight forms, which may induce pro-inflammatory SP-D signaling. Multimeric SP-D can decompose into trimeric SP-D, and this process, and total SP-D levels, are partly determined by variation within the SP-D gene, SFTPD. SP-D has been implicated in the development of respiratory diseases including respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, allergic asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Disease-induced breakdown or modifications of SP-D facilitate its systemic leakage from the lung, and circulatory SP-D is a promising biomarker for lung injury. Moreover, studies in preclinical animal models have demonstrated that local pulmonary treatment with recombinant SP-D is beneficial in these diseases. In recent years, SP-D has been shown to exert antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in various non-pulmonary organs and to have effects on lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory effects in vessel walls, which enhance the risk of atherosclerosis. A common SFTPD polymorphism is associated with atherosclerosis and diabetes, and SP-D has been associated with metabolic disorders because of its effects in the endothelium and adipocytes and its obesity-dampening properties. This review summarizes and discusses the reported genetic associations of SP-D with disease and the clinical utility of circulating SP-D for respiratory disease prognosis. Moreover, basic research on the mechanistic links between SP-D and respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases is summarized. Perspectives on the development of SP-D therapy are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grith L Sorensen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hirano Y, Choi A, Tsuruta M, Jaw JE, Oh Y, Ngan D, Moritani K, Chen YWR, Tam S, Li Y, Vasilescu DM, Hogg JC, Francis G, Bernatchez P, Man SFP, Sin DD. Surfactant protein-D deficiency suppresses systemic inflammation and reduces atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:1208-1218. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
8
|
Chaby R, Garcia-Verdugo I, Espinassous Q, Augusto LA. Interactions between LPS and lung surfactant proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519050110030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
After penetration into the lower airways, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interacts with alveolar cells in a fluid environment consisting of pulmonary surfactant, a lipid—protein complex which prevents alveolar collapsing and participates in lung defense. The two hydrophilic surfactant components SP-A and SP-D are proteins with collagen-like and lectin domains (collectins) able to interact with carbohydrate-containing ligands present on microbial membranes, and with defined regions of LPS. This explains their capacity to damage the bacterial envelope and induce an antimicrobial effect. In addition, they modulate LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators in leukocytes by interaction with LPS or with leukocyte receptors. A third surfactant component, SP-C, is a small, highly hydrophobic lipopeptide which interacts with lipid A and reduces LPS-induced effects in macrophages and splenocyte cultures. The interaction of the different SPs with CD14 might explain their ability to modulate some LPS responses. Although the alveolar fluid contains other antiLPS and antimicrobial agents, SPs are the most abundant proteins which might contribute to protect the lung epithelium and reduce the incidence of LPS-induced lung injury. The presence of the surfactant collectins SP-A and SP-D in non-pulmonary tissues, such as the female genital tract, extends their field of action to other mucosal surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Chaby
- Endotoxin Group, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Paris-Sud, Orsay, France, -psud.fr
| | - Ignacio Garcia-Verdugo
- Endotoxin Group, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Quentin Espinassous
- Endotoxin Group, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Luis A. Augusto
- Endotoxin Group, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Singh I, Swami R, Pooja D, Jeengar MK, Khan W, Sistla R. Lactoferrin bioconjugated solid lipid nanoparticles: a new drug delivery system for potential brain targeting. J Drug Target 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1068320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India,
| | - Rajan Swami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India,
| | - Deep Pooja
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, and
| | - Manish Kumar Jeengar
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India,
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India,
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, and
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lopez-Rodriguez E, Pérez-Gil J. Structure-function relationships in pulmonary surfactant membranes: from biophysics to therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1568-85. [PMID: 24525076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is an essential lipid-protein complex to maintain an operative respiratory surface at the mammalian lungs. It reduces surface tension at the alveolar air-liquid interface to stabilise the lungs against physical forces operating along the compression-expansion breathing cycles. At the same time, surfactant integrates elements establishing a primary barrier against the entry of pathogens. Lack or deficiencies of the surfactant system are associated with respiratory pathologies, which treatment often includes supplementation with exogenous materials. The present review summarises current models on the molecular mechanisms of surfactant function, with particular emphasis in its biophysical properties to stabilise the lungs and the molecular alterations connecting impaired surfactant with diseased organs. It also provides a perspective on the current surfactant-based strategies to treat respiratory pathologies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Structure and Function: Relevance in the Cell's Physiology, Pathology and Therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lopez-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in End Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jesús Pérez-Gil
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Figueroa-Valverde L, Díaz-Cedillo F, García-Cervera E, Pool Gómez E, López-Ramos M, Rosas-Nexticapa M, Martinez-Camacho R. Positive inotropic activity induced by a dehydroisoandrosterone derivative in isolated rat heart model. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1270-8. [PMID: 23821476 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies indicate that some steroid derivatives have inotropic activity; nevertheless, there is scarce information about the effects of the dehydroisoandrosterone and its derivatives at cardiovascular level. In addition, to date the cellular site and mechanism of action of dehydroisoandrosterone at cardiovascular level is very confusing. In order, to clarify those phenomena in this study, a dehydroisoandrosterone derivative was synthesized with the objective of to evaluate its activity on perfusion pressure and coronary resistance and compare this phenomenon with the effect exerted by dehydroisoandrosterone. The Langendorff technique was used to measure changes on perfusion pressure and coronary resistance in an isolated rat heart model in absence or presence of dehydroisoandrosterone and its derivative. Additionally, to characterize the molecular mechanism involved in the inotropic activity induced by dehydroisoandrosterone derivative was evaluated by measuring left ventricular pressure in absence or presence of following compounds; flutamide, prazosin, metoprolol and nifedipine. The results showed that dehydroisoandrosterone derivative significantly increased the perfusion pressure and coronary resistance in comparison with the control conditions and dehydroisoandrosterone. Additionally, other data indicate that dehydroisoandrosterone derivative increase left ventricular pressure in a dose-dependent manner [1 × 10(-9)-1 × 10(-4) mmol]; nevertheless, this phenomenon was significantly inhibited by nifedipine at a dose of 1 × 10(-6) mmol. In conclusion, these data suggest that dehydroisoandrosterone derivative induces positive inotropic activity through of activation the L-type calcium channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Figueroa-Valverde
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry at the Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences of the University Autonomic of Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, C.P. 24039, Col. Buenavista, CAM, Mexico,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Julien P, Thielens NM, Crouch E, Spehner D, Crance JM, Favier AL. Protective effect of surfactant protein d in pulmonary vaccinia virus infection: implication of A27 viral protein. Viruses 2013; 5:928-53. [PMID: 23518578 PMCID: PMC3705305 DOI: 10.3390/v5030928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) was used as a surrogate of variola virus (VARV) (genus Orthopoxvirus), the causative agent of smallpox, to study Orthopoxvirus infection. VARV is principally transmitted between humans by aerosol droplets. Once inhaled, VARV first infects the respiratory tract where it could encounter surfactant components, such as soluble pattern recognition receptors. Surfactant protein D (SP-D), constitutively present in the lining fluids of the respiratory tract, plays important roles in innate host defense against virus infection. We investigated the role of SP-D in VACV infection and studied the A27 viral protein involvement in the interaction with SP-D. Interaction between SP-D and VACV caused viral inhibition in a lung cell model. Interaction of SP-D with VACV was mediated by the A27 viral protein. Binding required Ca2+ and interactions were blocked in the presence of excess of SP-D saccharide ligands. A27, which lacks glycosylation, directly interacted with SP-D. The interaction between SP-D and the viral particle was also observed using electron microscopy. Infection of mice lacking SP-D (SP-D-/-) resulted in increased mortality compared to SP-D+/+ mice. Altogether, our data show that SP-D participates in host defense against the vaccinia virus infection and that the interaction occurs with the viral surface protein A27.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perino Julien
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées- Antenne du Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées, 38702 La Tronche cedex, France; E-Mails: (J.P.); (J-M.C.); (A-L.F.)
| | - Nicole M. Thielens
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, CEA, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France; E-Mail: (N-M.T.)
| | - Erika Crouch
- Dept of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; E-Mail: (E.C.)
| | - Danièle Spehner
- IGBMC; CNRS, UMR 7104; Inserm U 596; Illkirch, F-67400 France; Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, F-67000 France; E-Mail: (D.S.)
| | - Jean-Marc Crance
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées- Antenne du Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées, 38702 La Tronche cedex, France; E-Mails: (J.P.); (J-M.C.); (A-L.F.)
| | - Anne-Laure Favier
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées- Antenne du Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées, 38702 La Tronche cedex, France; E-Mails: (J.P.); (J-M.C.); (A-L.F.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (A-L.F.); Tel.: +33-4-76-63-97-72; Fax: +33-4-76-63-69-06
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Figueroa-Valverde L, Díaz-Cedillo F, López-Ramos M, Garcia-Cervera E, Rivero-Rosado V. Synthesis and theoretical QSAR study of a naphthalene–androsterone derivative. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-011-0584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
14
|
Truong LT, Chikae M, Ukita Y, Takamura Y. Labelless impedance immunosensor based on polypyrrole–pyrolecarboxylic acid copolymer for hCG detection. Talanta 2011; 85:2576-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Litvack ML, Palaniyar N. Review: Soluble innate immune pattern-recognition proteins for clearing dying cells and cellular components: implications on exacerbating or resolving inflammation. Innate Immun 2010; 16:191-200. [PMID: 20529971 DOI: 10.1177/1753425910369271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble innate immune pattern-recognition proteins (sPRPs) identify non-self or altered-self molecular patterns. Dying cells often display altered-self arrays of molecules on their surfaces. Hence, sPRPs are ideal for recognizing these cells and their components. Dying cell surfaces often contain, or allow the access to different lipids, intracellular glycoproteins and nucleic acids such as DNA at different stages of cell death. These are considered as 'eat me' signals that replace the native 'don't eat me' signals such as CD31, CD47 present on the live cells. A programmed cell death process such as apoptosis also generates cell surface blebs that contain intracellular components. These blebs are easily released for effective clearance or signalling. During late stages of cell death, soluble components are also released that act as 'find me' signal (e.g. LysoPC, nucleotides). The sPRPs such as collectins, ficolins, pentraxins, sCD14, MFG-E8, natural IgM and C1q can effectively identify some of these specific molecular patterns. The biological end-point is different depending on sPRP, tissue, stage of apoptosis and the type of cell death. The sPRPs that reside in the immune-privileged surfaces such as lungs often act as opsonins and enhance a silent clearance of dying cells and cellular material by macrophages and other phagocytic cells. Although the recognition of these materials by complement-activating proteins could amplify the opsonic signal, this pathway may aggravate inflammation. Clear understanding of the involvement of specific sPRPs in cell death and subsequent clearance of dying cell and their components is essential for devising appropriate treatment strategies for diseases involving infection, inflammation and auto-antibody generation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mulik RS, Mönkkönen J, Juvonen RO, Mahadik KR, Paradkar AR. Transferrin mediated solid lipid nanoparticles containing curcumin: enhanced in vitro anticancer activity by induction of apoptosis. Int J Pharm 2010; 398:190-203. [PMID: 20655375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Revised: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation and low bioavailability are major hurdles for the therapeutic use of curcumin. Aim of the present study was to formulate transferrin-mediated solid lipid nanoparticles (Tf-C-SLN) to increase photostability, and enhance its anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Tf-C-SLN were prepared by homogenization method and characterized by size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and stability, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in vitro release study. Microplate analysis and flow cytometry techniques were used for cytotoxicity and apoptosis study. The physical characterization showed the suitability of method of preparation. TEM and XRD study revealed the spherical nature and entrapment of curcumin in amorphous form, respectively. The cytotoxicity, ROS and cell uptake was found to be increased considerably with Tf-C-SLN compared to curcumin solubilized surfactant solution (CSSS) and curcumin-loaded SLN (C-SLN) suggesting the targeting effect. AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining, DNA analysis and reduced mitochondrial potential confirmed the apoptosis. The flow cytometric studies revealed that the anticancer activity of curcumin is enhanced with Tf-C-SLN compared to CSSS and C-SLN, and apoptosis is the mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity. The present study indicated the potential of Tf-C-SLN in enhancing the anticancer effect of curcumin in breast cancer cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit S Mulik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Erandwane, Pune 411038, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Increased potency of the PHSCN dendrimer as an inhibitor of human prostate cancer cell invasion, extravasation, and lung colony formation. Clin Exp Metastasis 2010; 27:173-84. [PMID: 20339907 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-010-9316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Activated alpha5beta1 integrin occurs specifically on tumor cells and on endothelial cells of tumor-associated vasculature, and plays a key role in invasion and metastasis. The PHSCN peptide (Ac-PHSCN-NH(2)) preferentially binds activated alpha5beta1, to block invasion in vitro, and inhibit growth, metastasis and tumor recurrence in preclinical models of prostate cancer. In Phase I clinical trial, systemic Ac-PHSCN-NH(2) monotherapy was well tolerated, and metastatic disease progression was prevented for 4-14 months in one-third of treated patients. We have developed a significantly more potent derivative, the PHSCN-polylysine dendrimer (Ac-PHSCNGGK-MAP). Using in vitro invasion assays with naturally serum-free basement membranes, we observed that the PHSCN dendrimer was 130- to 1900-fold more potent than the PHSCN peptide at blocking alpha5beta1-mediated invasion by DU 145 and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells, whether invasion was induced by serum, or by the Ac-PHSRN-NH(2) peptide, under serum-free conditions. The PHSCN dendrimer was also approximately 800 times more effective than PHSCN peptide at preventing DU 145 and PC-3 extravasation in the lungs of athymic mice. Chou-Talalay analysis suggested that inhibition of both invasion in vitro and extravasation in vivo by the PHSCN dendrimer are highly synergistic. We found that many extravasated DU 145 and PC-3 cells go onto develop into metastatic colonies, and that a single pretreatment with the PHSCN dendrimer was 100-fold more affective than the PHSCN peptide at reducing lung colony formation. Since many patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer already have locally advanced or metastatic disease, the availability of a well-tolerated, nontoxic systemic therapy, like the PHSCN dendrimer, which prevents metastatic progression by inhibiting invasion, could be very beneficial.
Collapse
|
18
|
Luszczyn J, Plonska-Brzezinska M, Palkar A, Dubis A, Simionescu A, Simionescu D, Kalska-Szostko B, Winkler K, Echegoyen L. Small Noncytotoxic Carbon Nano-Onions: First Covalent Functionalization with Biomolecules. Chemistry 2010; 16:4870-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
19
|
Kim DC, Sohn JI, Zhou D, Duke TAJ, Kang DJ. Controlled assembly for well-defined 3D bioarchitecture using two active enzymes. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1580-1586. [PMID: 20180558 DOI: 10.1021/nn900610u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports that a bioarchitecture with two different active enzymes can be fabricated conveniently on a prepatterned surface by highly selective surface-templated layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly by coupling a bilayer of avidin/biotin-lactate oxidase (biotin-LOD) with a bilayer of avidin/biotin-horseradish peroxidase (biotin-HRP). The two different active enzymes can be utilized as excellent building blocks for the fabrication of well-defined 3D nanostructures with precise control of the position and height on the surface. In addition, the LBL assembled bienzyme structures are highly functional, and bioarchitectures based on LOD and HRP-mediated coupling reaction can be employed in a number of viable biosensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chung Kim
- BK21 Physics Research Division, Department of Energy Science, Institute of Basic Science, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Center for Nanotubes and Nanostructured Composites, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yao H, Veine DM, Fay KS, Staszewski ED, Zeng ZZ, Livant DL. The PHSCN dendrimer as a more potent inhibitor of human breast cancer cell invasion, extravasation, and lung colony formation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 125:363-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
21
|
Synthesis of a dihydrotestosterone–ciprofloxacin conjugate: relationship between descriptors logP, π, R m , and V m and its antibacterial activity in S. aureus and E. coli. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-010-0263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
Hu M, Yan J, He Y, Lu H, Weng L, Song S, Fan C, Wang L. Ultrasensitive, multiplexed detection of cancer biomarkers directly in serum by using a quantum dot-based microfluidic protein chip. ACS NANO 2010; 4:488-94. [PMID: 20041634 DOI: 10.1021/nn901404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and selective detection for cancer biomarkers are critical in cancer clinical diagnostics. Here we developed a microfluidic protein chip for an ultrasensitive and multiplexed assay of cancer biomarkers. Aqueous-phase-synthesized CdTe/CdS quantum dots (aqQDs) were employed as fluorescent signal amplifiers to improve the detection sensitivity. Secondary antibodies (goat anti-mouse IgG) were conjugated to luminescent CdTe/CdS QDs to realize a versatile fluorescent probe that could be used for multiplexed detection in both sandwich and reverse phase immunoassays. We found that our microfluidic protein chip not only possessed ultrahigh femtomolar sensitivity for cancer biomarkers, but was selective enough to be directly used in serum. This protein chip thus combines the high-throughput capabilities of a microfluidic network with the high sensitivity and multicolor imaging ability offered by highly fluorescent QDs, which can become a promising diagnostic tool in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wong A. Modified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-bearing liposomes (MRBLs) are sensitive to EGF in solution. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7391. [PMID: 19816581 PMCID: PMC2754606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers often overexpress EGF and other growth factors to promote cell replication and migration. Previous work has not produced targeted drug carriers sensitive to abnormal amounts of growth factors. This work demonstrates that liposomes bearing EGF receptors covalently crosslinked to p-toluic acid or methyl-PEO(4)-NHS ester (or, in short, MRBLs) exhibit an increased rate of release of encapsulated drug compounds when EGF is present in solution. Furthermore, the modified EGF receptors retain the abilities to form dimers in the presence of EGF and bind specifically to EGF. These results demonstrate that MRBLs are sensitive to EGF in solution and indicate that MRBL-reconstituted modified EGF receptors, in the presence of EGF in solution, form dimers which increase MRBL permeability to encapsulated compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Wong
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Q, Chen B, Liu P, Zheng M, Wang Y, Cui S, Sun D, Fang X, Liu CM, Lucas WJ, Lin J. Calmodulin binds to extracellular sites on the plasma membrane of plant cells and elicits a rise in intracellular calcium concentration. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:12000-7. [PMID: 19254956 PMCID: PMC2673269 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808028200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a highly conserved intracellular calcium sensor. In plants, CaM also appears to be present in the apoplasm, and application of exogenous CaM has been shown to influence a number of physiological functions as a polypeptide signal; however, the existence and localization of its corresponding apoplasmic binding sites remain controversial. To identify the site(s) of action, a CaM-conjugated quantum dot (QD) system was employed for single molecule level detection at the surface of plant cells. Using this approach, we show that QD-CaM binds selectively to sites on the outer surface of the plasma membrane, which was further confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Measurements of Ca(2+) fluxes across the plasma membrane, using ion-selective microelectrodes, demonstrated that exogenous CaM induces a net influx into protoplasts. Consistent with these flux studies, calcium-green-dextran and FRET experiments confirmed that applied CaM/QD-CaM elicited an increase in cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels. These results support the hypothesis that apoplasmic CaM can act as a signaling agent. These findings are discussed in terms of CaM acting as an apoplasmic peptide ligand to mediate transmembrane signaling in the plant kingdom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environment Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nie X, Nishitani C, Yamazoe M, Ariki S, Takahashi M, Shimizu T, Mitsuzawa H, Sawada K, Smith K, Crouch E, Nagae H, Takahashi H, Kuroki Y. Pulmonary Surfactant Protein D Binds MD-2 through the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain. Biochemistry 2008; 47:12878-85. [DOI: 10.1021/bi8010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Nie
- Department of Biochemistry and Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Immunology Laboratory, Diagnostic Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi 288-0056, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Chiaki Nishitani
- Department of Biochemistry and Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Immunology Laboratory, Diagnostic Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi 288-0056, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masami Yamazoe
- Department of Biochemistry and Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Immunology Laboratory, Diagnostic Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi 288-0056, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Immunology Laboratory, Diagnostic Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi 288-0056, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Motoko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Immunology Laboratory, Diagnostic Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi 288-0056, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry and Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Immunology Laboratory, Diagnostic Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi 288-0056, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuzawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Immunology Laboratory, Diagnostic Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi 288-0056, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kaku Sawada
- Department of Biochemistry and Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Immunology Laboratory, Diagnostic Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi 288-0056, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kelly Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Immunology Laboratory, Diagnostic Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi 288-0056, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Erika Crouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Immunology Laboratory, Diagnostic Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi 288-0056, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hisato Nagae
- Department of Biochemistry and Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Immunology Laboratory, Diagnostic Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi 288-0056, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Immunology Laboratory, Diagnostic Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi 288-0056, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kuroki
- Department of Biochemistry and Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Immunology Laboratory, Diagnostic Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi 288-0056, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao XM, Wu YP, Wei R, Cai HX, Tornoe I, Han JJ, Wang Y, De Groot PG, Holmskov U, Xia ZL, Sorensen GL. Plasma Surfactant Protein D Levels and the Relation to Body Mass Index in a Chinese Population. Scand J Immunol 2007; 66:71-76. [PMID: 17587348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a member of the collectin family and is an important component of the pulmonary innate host defence. The protein has a widespread distribution in the human body and is present in multiple epithelia, in endothelium and in blood. Various studies have looked at the relationship between serum SP-D levels and pulmonary inflammatory diseases. The SP-D distribution has been most thoroughly described in European populations and appears with a broad range of serum values highly influenced by genetic factors. In the present study, we investigated the plasma SP-D distribution in a Chinese population from the Tai An region comprising 268 individuals. We found that (i) plasma SP-D in the Chinese population was distributed with a median value of 380.2 ng/ml (324.9; 418.7) and a range from 79.4 to 3965.3 ng/ml, (ii) significantly higher plasma SP-D in men than in women, and no significant effect of age, and (iii) a significant inverse association between serum SP-D and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.012). The data indicate that racial differences in SP-D expression exist as the median plasma SP-D in the Chinese population was approximately two times lower than the median serum SP-D previously measured in a Danish population using the same immuno-assay. The inverse association between serum SP-D and BMI found in the Chinese population indicates that serum SP-D is related to obesity in similar ways in Chinese and Danes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X M Zhao
- College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, ChinaMedicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an, ChinaClinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The NetherlandsMedical Biotechnology Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Y P Wu
- College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, ChinaMedicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an, ChinaClinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The NetherlandsMedical Biotechnology Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - R Wei
- College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, ChinaMedicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an, ChinaClinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The NetherlandsMedical Biotechnology Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - H X Cai
- College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, ChinaMedicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an, ChinaClinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The NetherlandsMedical Biotechnology Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - I Tornoe
- College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, ChinaMedicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an, ChinaClinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The NetherlandsMedical Biotechnology Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J J Han
- College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, ChinaMedicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an, ChinaClinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The NetherlandsMedical Biotechnology Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Y Wang
- College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, ChinaMedicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an, ChinaClinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The NetherlandsMedical Biotechnology Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - P G De Groot
- College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, ChinaMedicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an, ChinaClinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The NetherlandsMedical Biotechnology Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - U Holmskov
- College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, ChinaMedicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an, ChinaClinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The NetherlandsMedical Biotechnology Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Z L Xia
- College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, ChinaMedicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an, ChinaClinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The NetherlandsMedical Biotechnology Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - G L Sorensen
- College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, ChinaMedicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an, ChinaClinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The NetherlandsMedical Biotechnology Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Crouch E, McDonald B, Smith K, Roberts M, Mealy T, Seaton B, Head J. Critical Role of Arg/Lys343 in the Species-Dependent Recognition of Phosphatidylinositol by Pulmonary Surfactant Protein D,. Biochemistry 2007; 46:5160-9. [PMID: 17417879 DOI: 10.1021/bi700037x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) plays important roles in lung host defense. However, it can also recognize specific host molecules and contributes to surfactant homeostasis. The major known surfactant-associated ligand is phosphatidylinositol (PI). Trimeric neck-carbohydrate recognition domains (NCRDs) of rat and human SP-D exhibited dose-dependent, calcium-dependent, and inositol-sensitive binding to solid-phase PI and to multilamellar PI liposomes. However, the rat protein exhibited a >5-fold higher affinity for solid-phase PI than the human NCRD. In addition, human dodecamers, but not full-length human trimers, efficiently coprecipitated with multilamellar PI liposomes in the presence of calcium. A human NCRD mutant resembling the rat and mouse proteins at position 343 (hR343K) showed much stronger binding to PI. A reciprocal rat mutant with arginine at the position of lysine 343 (rK343R) showed weak binding to PI, even weaker than that of the wild-type human protein. Crystal complexes of the human trimeric NCRD with myoinositol and inositol 1-phosphate showed binding of the equatorial OH groups of the cyclitol ring of the inositol to calcium at the carbohydrate binding site. Myoinositol binding occurred in two major orientations, while inositol 1-phosphate appeared primarily constrained to a single, different orientation. Our studies directly implicate the CRD in PI binding and reveal unexpected species differences in PI recognition that can be largely attributed to the side chain of residue 343. In addition, the studies indicate that oligomerization of trimeric subunits is an important determinant of recognition of PI by human SP-D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Crouch
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sorensen GL, Husby S, Holmskov U. Surfactant protein A and surfactant protein D variation in pulmonary disease. Immunobiology 2007; 212:381-416. [PMID: 17544823 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) have been implicated in pulmonary innate immunity. The proteins are host defense lectins, belonging to the collectin family which also includes mannan-binding lectin (MBL). SP-A and SP-D are pattern-recognition molecules with the lectin domains binding preferentially to sugars on a broad spectrum of pathogen surfaces and thereby facilitating immune functions including viral neutralization, clearance of bacteria, fungi and apoptotic and necrotic cells, modulation of allergic reactions, and resolution of inflammation. SP-A and SP-D can interact with receptor molecules present on immune cells leading to enhanced microbial clearance and modulation of inflammation. SP-A and SP-D also modulate the functions of cells of the adaptive immune system including dendritic cells and T cells. Studies on SP-A and SP-D polymorphisms and protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage and blood have indicated associations with a multitude of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. In addition, accumulating evidence in mouse models of infection and inflammation indicates that recombinant forms of the surfactant proteins are biologically active in vivo and may have therapeutic potential in controlling pulmonary inflammatory disease. The presence of the surfactant collectins, especially SP-D, in non-pulmonary tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract and genital organs, suggest additional actions located to other mucosal surfaces. The aim of this review is to summarize studies on genetic polymorphisms, structural variants, and serum levels of human SP-A and SP-D and their associations with human pulmonary disease.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sorensen GL, Hjelmborg JVB, Leth-Larsen R, Schmidt V, Fenger M, Poulain F, Hawgood S, Sørensen TIA, Kyvik KO, Holmskov U. Surfactant protein D of the innate immune defence is inversely associated with human obesity and SP-D deficiency infers increased body weight in mice. Scand J Immunol 2007; 64:633-8. [PMID: 17083619 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a key regulator of pathogen-induced inflammation. SP-D is further involved in lipid homeostasis in mouse lung and circulation and recent data have demonstrated that the body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) is influenced by genes in common with SP-D. The objective of the present study was to describe the association between serum SP-D and weight, waist circumference or BMI, and furthermore to observe body weight development in SP-D-deficient (Spd-/-) mice. As a part of the Danish population-based twin study (GEMINAKAR) on the metabolic syndrome, we analysed 1476 Danish twins for serum SP-D and investigated associations with weight, waist circumference and BMI by multiple regression analysis. Serum SP-D was significantly and inversely associated with weight (P = 0.001) and waist circumference in men (P < 0.001) and to BMI in both genders (P = 0.039 women, P < 0.001 men). The age-dependent increase in serum SP-D was most prominent in lean persons (BMI < 20). Spd-/- mice and wild-type mice were subjected to a feeding study and body weights were recorded in a time course over 24 weeks. Spd-/- mouse weight gain was significantly increased, with 90 mg/week (P < 0.0001) in males on normal chow. Fat percentage was significantly increased by 17% in the Spd-/- male mice (P = 0.003). We conclude, that there is an association between low levels or absent SP-D and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G L Sorensen
- Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Budyak IL, Pipich V, Mironova OS, Schlesinger R, Zaccai G, Klein-Seetharaman J. Shape and oligomerization state of the cytoplasmic domain of the phototaxis transducer II from Natronobacterium pharaonis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:15428-33. [PMID: 17032755 PMCID: PMC1592645 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0607201103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phototaxis allows archaea to adjust flagellar motion in response to light. In the photophobic response of Natronobacterium pharaonis, light-activated sensory rhodopsin II causes conformational changes in the transducer II protein (pHtrII), initiating the two-component signaling system analogous to bacterial chemotaxis. pHtrII's cytoplasmic domain (pHtrII-cyt) is homologous to the cytoplasmic domains of eubacterial chemotaxis receptors. Chemotaxis receptors require dimerization for activity and are in vivo-organized in large clusters. In this study we investigated the oligomerization and aggregation states of pHtrII-cyt by using chemical cross-linking, analytical gel-filtration chromatography, and small-angle neutron scattering. We show that pHtrII-cyt is monomeric in dilute buffers, but forms dimers in 4 M KCl, the physiological salt concentration for halophilic archaea. At high ammonium sulfate concentration, the protein forms higher-order aggregates. The monomeric protein has a rod-like shape, 202 A in length and 14.4 A in diameter; upon dimerization the length increases to 248 A and the diameter to 18.2 A. These results suggest that under high salt concentration the shape and oligomerization state of pHtrII-cyt are comparable to those of chemotaxis receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan L. Budyak
- *Institute for Structural Biology and
- Center for Biophysics and Physical Chemistry of Supramolecular Structures, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141700, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Pipich
- Institute of Solid-State Research, Research Center Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Zaccai
- Institute for Structural Biology, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France; and
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- *Institute for Structural Biology and
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kingma PS, Zhang L, Ikegami M, Hartshorn K, McCormack FX, Whitsett JA. Correction of Pulmonary Abnormalities in Sftpd-/- Mice Requires the Collagenous Domain of Surfactant Protein D. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:24496-505. [PMID: 16787926 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m600651200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a member of the collectin family of innate defense proteins. Members of this family share four distinct structural domains: an N-terminal cross-linking domain, a collagenous domain, a neck region, and a carbohydrate recognition domain. In this study, the function of the collagenous domain was evaluated by expressing a SP-D collagen deletion mutant protein (rSftpdCDM) in wild type and SP-D null mice (Sftpd(-/-)). rSftpdCDM formed disulfide-linked trimers that further oligomerized into higher order structures. The mutant protein effectively bound carbohydrate and aggregated bacteria in vitro. Whereas rSftpdCDM did not disrupt pulmonary morphology or surfactant phospholipid levels in wild type mice, the mutant protein failed to rescue the emphysema or enlarged foamy macrophages that are characteristic of Sftpd(-/-) mice. Moreover, rSftpdCDM partitioned with small aggregate surfactant in a manner similar to SP-D, but rSftpdCDM did not correct the abnormal surfactant ultrastructure or phospholipid levels observed in Sftpd(-/-) mice. In contrast, rSftpdCDM completely corrected viral clearance and the abnormal inflammatory response that occurs following pulmonary influenza A challenge in Sftpd(-/-) mice. Our findings indicate that the collagen domain of SP-D is not required for assembly of disulfide-stabilized oligomers or the innate immune response to viral pathogens. The collagen domain of SP-D is required for the regulation of pulmonary macrophage activation, airspace remodeling, and surfactant lipid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Kingma
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang L, Ikegami M, Korfhagen TR, McCormack FX, Yoshida M, Senior RM, Shipley JM, Shapiro SD, Whitsett JA. Neither SP-A nor NH2-terminal domains of SP-A can substitute for SP-D in regulation of alveolar homeostasis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 291:L181-90. [PMID: 16500946 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00015.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins (SP)-A and -D are members of the collectin family of host defense proteins that share four distinct structural domains: NH2-terminal oligomerization, collagenous, neck, and carbohydrate recognition (CRD). To determine the specificity of the functions of these domains, the SFTPC promoter was used to express 1) full-length rat (r) Sftpa; 2) NH2- rSftpa/d, consisting of NH2-terminal and collagenous domains of SP-A with neck domain and CRD of SP-D; and 3) rSftpd/a, consisting of NH2-terminal and collagenous domains of SP-D with neck domain and CRD of SP-A, in Sftpd−/−mice. Increased expression of SP-A in Sftpd−/−mice did not correct the increased pulmonary saturated phosphatidylcholine levels, emphysema, or foamy alveolar macrophage and lymphocyte infiltrations characteristic of Sftpd−/−mice, indicating that the decreased SP-A level noted in Sftpd−/−mice does not account for the observed pulmonary abnormalities. The chimeric protein NH2-rSftpa/d was expressed and detected in the airways of transgenic mice, migrating as an SP-A-like oligomer that associated with large aggregate surfactant in a manner similar to that of SP-A rather than SP-D. NH2-rSftpa/d did not correct emphysema, foamy macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration, or the increased lipid accumulations characteristic of Sftpd−/−mice. Thus oligomerization and surfactant lipid association of SP-D requires its NH2-terminal and collagenous domains, which are needed for SP-D-dependent regulation of surfactant homeostasis in vivo. Attempts to express rSftpd/a fusion protein in vivo were unsuccessful. Mmp9−/−/Sftpd−/−and Mmp12−/−/Sftpd−/−mice developed air space enlargement similar to Sftpd−/−mice, supporting the concept that the increased expression of each metalloproteinase seen in Sftpd−/−lungs is not the major cause of emphysema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH 45229, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hartshorn KL, White MR, Tecle T, Holmskov U, Crouch EC. Innate defense against influenza A virus: activity of human neutrophil defensins and interactions of defensins with surfactant protein D. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:6962-72. [PMID: 16709857 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.11.6962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) plays important roles in innate host defense against influenza A virus (IAV) infection, in part by modifying interactions with neutrophils. Human neutrophil defensins (HNPs) inhibit infectivity of enveloped viruses, including IAV. Our goal in this study was to characterize antiviral interactions between SP-D and HNPs. Recombinant and/or natural forms of SP-D and related collectins and HNPs were tested for antiviral activity against two different strains of IAV. HNPs 1 and 2 did not inhibit viral hemagglutination activity, but they interfered with the hemagglutination-inhibiting activity of SP-D. HNPs had significant viral neutralizing activity against divergent IAV strains. However, the HNPs generally had competitive effects when combined with SP-D in assays using an SP-D-sensitive IAV strain. In contrast, cooperative antiviral effects were noted in some instances when relatively SP-D-resistant strains were treated with SP-D and HNPs. HNPs were found to bind to the neck and/or carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D. This binding was specific because no, or minimal, binding to other collectins was found. HNPs precipitated SP-D from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and reduced the antiviral activity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. HNP-1 and -2 differed somewhat in their independent antiviral activity and their binding to SP-D. These results are relevant to the early phase of host defense against IAV, and suggest a complex interplay between SP-D and HNPs at sites of active inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevan L Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hartshorn KL, Ligtenberg A, White MR, Van Eijk M, Hartshorn M, Pemberton L, Holmskov U, Crouch E. Salivary agglutinin and lung scavenger receptor cysteine-rich glycoprotein 340 have broad anti-influenza activities and interactions with surfactant protein D that vary according to donor source and sialylation. Biochem J 2006; 393:545-53. [PMID: 16190864 PMCID: PMC1360705 DOI: 10.1042/bj20050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that scavenger receptor cysteine-rich gp-340 (glycoprotein-340), isolated from lung or saliva, directly inhibits human IAVs (influenza A viruses). We now show that salivary gp-340 has broad antiviral activity against human, equine and porcine IAV strains. Although lung and salivary gp-340 are identical in protein sequence, salivary gp-340 from one donor had significantly greater antiviral activity against avian-like IAV strains which preferentially bind sialic acids in alpha(2,3) linkage. A greater density of alpha(2,3)-linked sialic acids was present on the salivary gp-340 from this donor as compared with salivary gp-340 from another donor or several preparations of lung gp-340. Hence, the specificity of sialic acid linkages on gp-340 is an important determinant of anti-IAV activity. Gp-340 binds to SP-D (surfactant protein D), and we previously showed that lung gp-340 has co-operative interactions with SP-D in viral neutralization and aggregation assays. We now report that salivary gp-340 can, in some cases, strongly antagonize certain antiviral activities of SP-D. This effect was associated with greater binding of salivary gp-340 to the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D as compared with the binding of lung gp-340. These findings may relate to inter-individual variations in innate defence against highly pathogenic IAV and to effects of aspiration of oral contents on SP-D-mediated lung functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevan L Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ganendren R, Carter E, Sorrell T, Widmer F, Wright L. Phospholipase B activity enhances adhesion of Cryptococcus neoformans to a human lung epithelial cell line. Microbes Infect 2006; 8:1006-15. [PMID: 16487740 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Secreted phospholipase B (PLB1), which contains three enzyme activities in the one protein, is necessary for the initiation of pulmonary infection by Cryptococcus neoformans and for dissemination from the lung via the lymphatics and blood. Adhesion to lung epithelium is the first step in this process, therefore we investigated the role of PLB1 in adhesion to a human lung epithelial cell line, A549, using C. neoformans var. grubii wild-type strain H99, a PLB1 deletion mutant (deltaplb1), and a reconstituted strain (deltaplb1rec). Adhesion of H99 and deltaplb1rec was approximately 69% greater than deltaplb1 at 4 h. Adhesion of deltaplb1 significantly increased after killing by chemicals or heat, and Fourier-transformed analysis by FTIR spectroscopy indicated this was due to changes in capsular and/or cell wall polysaccharides and proteins. Inhibition by specific PLB1 antibodies, or inhibitors of phospholipase B (PLB), but not lysophospholipase (LPL) or lysophospholipase transacylase (LPTA) activities decreased the adhesion of H99 and deltaplb1rec by 33-58%. Growth under conditions of osmotic stress and high glucose concentration increased both PLB secretion and subsequent cryptococcal adhesion. Dose-dependent increases (to 67%) in adhesion of live deltaplb1 were observed in the presence of 0.1-2 mM palmitic acid. We conclude that PLB1 plays a role in the binding of C. neoformans to host lung epithelial cells, possibly due to production of fatty acids from plasma membranes and/or surfactant by PLB activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjini Ganendren
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Sydney at Westmead, Department of Infectious Diseases, Level 3, ICPMR Building, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is part of the innate host defense system, and may bind and agglutinate invading microorganisms to enhance their removal. The ability of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid to agglutinate bacteria and the relationship to its SP-D content are of interest and not yet known. A micromethod on slides was used to assess the agglutination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by recombinant SP-D and native human BAL fluid. The SP-D-induced agglutination was blocked by calcium depletion, alkaline pH, or the presence of maltose. Twenty-three of 30 BAL fluids from outpatients carrying a chronic tracheostoma clearly agglutinated P. aeruginosa, which was completely inhibited by maltose. The extent of the agglutination correlated weakly to the concentration of SP-D in the BAL fluid, but not to that of SP-A. The functional property, i.e., the agglutination of P. aeruginosa by BAL fluid, was characterized and appeared related in part to the concentration of SP-D. Additional factors, such as the multimeric organization of SP-D, are likely to contribute to the agglutination of microorganisms by BAL or other body fluids. The assay presented will allow the systematic evaluation of small-volume samples for SP-D agglutinating ability from subjects with various lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Griese
- Lung Research Group, Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
White MR, Crouch E, van Eijk M, Hartshorn M, Pemberton L, Tornoe I, Holmskov U, Hartshorn KL. Cooperative anti-influenza activities of respiratory innate immune proteins and neuraminidase inhibitor. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 288:L831-40. [PMID: 15608147 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00365.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The surfactant collectins, surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and D), and scavenger receptor-rich glycoprotein 340 (gp340) inhibit influenza A virus (IAV) in the following order of potency: SP-D>gp340>SP-A. SP-D binds in a calcium-dependent manner to carbohydrate attachments on the viral hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). By contrast, gp340 and SP-A act like mucins in that they provide sialic acid ligands that bind to the viral HA. In this study, SP-D, SP-A, and gp340 showed cooperative antiviral interactions. These cooperative effects were most evident in viral aggregation but were also observed in at least some hemagglutination inhibition and viral neutralization assays. The mechanism of binding between gp340 and SP-D was further characterized using monoclonal antibodies. Although gp340 can bind to SP-D at a site distinct from the mannan-binding site, binding of gp340 to SP-D did not contribute to cooperative antiviral interactions. SP-D and mucin showed cooperative interactions, apparently dependent on NA inhibition by SP-D. The commercial NA inhibitor oseltamivir had a similar effect and also enhanced the neutralizing activity of SP-A and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Hence, oseltamivir collaborates with innate immune proteins in inhibiting the initial infection of epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R White
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hirche TO, Crouch EC, Espinola M, Brokelman TJ, Mecham RP, DeSilva N, Cooley J, Remold-O'Donnell E, Belaaouaj A. Neutrophil Serine Proteinases Inactivate Surfactant Protein D by Cleaving within a Conserved Subregion of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:27688-98. [PMID: 15078883 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m402936200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) plays important roles in innate immunity including the defense against bacteria, fungi, and respiratory viruses. Because SP-D specifically interacts with neutrophils that infiltrate the lung in response to acute inflammation and infection, we examined the hypothesis that the neutrophil-derived serine proteinases (NSPs): neutrophil elastase, proteinase-3, and cathepsin G degrade SP-D. All three human NSPs specifically cleaved recombinant rat and natural human SP-D dodecamers in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which was reciprocally dependent on calcium concentration. The NSPs generated similar, relatively stable, disulfide cross-linked immunoreactive fragments of approximately 35 kDa (reduced), and sequencing of a major catheptic fragment definitively localized the major sites of cleavage to a highly conserved subregion of the carbohydrate recognition domain. Cleavage markedly reduced the ability of SP-D to promote bacterial aggregation and to bind to yeast mannan in vitro. Incubation of SP-D with isolated murine neutrophils led to the generation of similar fragments, and cleavage was inhibited with synthetic and natural serine proteinase inhibitors. In addition, neutrophils genetically deficient in neutrophil elastase and/or cathepsin G were impaired in their ability to degrade SP-D. Using a mouse model of acute bacterial pneumonia, we observed the accumulation of SP-D at sites of neutrophil infiltration coinciding with the appearance of approximately 35-kDa SP-D fragments in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Together, our data suggest that neutrophil-derived serine proteinases cleave SP-D at sites of inflammation with potential deleterious effects on its biological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim O Hirche
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|