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Shahid A, Bhatia M. Hydrogen Sulfide: A Versatile Molecule and Therapeutic Target in Health and Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1145. [PMID: 39334911 PMCID: PMC11430449 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research has unveiled the significant role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in many physiological and pathological processes. The role of endogenous H2S, H2S donors, and inhibitors has been the subject of studies that have aimed to investigate this intriguing molecule. The mechanisms by which H2S contributes to different diseases, including inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular disease, viral infections, and neurological disorders, are complex. Despite noteworthy progress, several questions remain unanswered. H2S donors and inhibitors have shown significant therapeutic potential for various diseases. This review summarizes our current understanding of H2S-based therapeutics in inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, viral infections, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Shahid
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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2
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Abolfazli S, Ebrahimi N, Morabi E, Asgari Yazdi MA, Zengin G, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Hydrogen Sulfide: Physiological Roles and Therapeutic Implications against COVID-19. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3132-3148. [PMID: 37138436 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230502111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) poses a major menace to economic and public health worldwide. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) are two host proteins that play an essential function in the entry of SARS-- COV-2 into host cells. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a new gasotransmitter, has been shown to protect the lungs from potential damage through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-aging effects. It is well known that H2S is crucial in controlling the inflammatory reaction and the pro-inflammatory cytokine storm. Therefore, it has been suggested that some H2S donors may help treat acute lung inflammation. Furthermore, recent research illuminates a number of mechanisms of action that may explain the antiviral properties of H2S. Some early clinical findings indicate a negative correlation between endogenous H2S concentrations and COVID-19 intensity. Therefore, reusing H2S-releasing drugs could represent a curative option for COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Abolfazli
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Nima Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Etekhar Morabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Kumar M. Hydrogen sulfide: From a toxic gas to a potential therapy for COVID-19 and inflammatory disorders. Nitric Oxide 2023; 140-141:8-15. [PMID: 37648016 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has been shown to induce inflammatory disorders and CNS manifestations. Swift and efficient treatment strategies are urgently warranted for the management of COVID, inflammatory and neurological disorders. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been associated with several clinical disorders due to its potential to influence a broad range of biological signalling pathways. According to recent clinical studies, COVID patients with lower physiological H2S had higher fatality rates. These findings clearly demonstrate an inverse correlation between H2S levels and the severity of COVID-19. H2S has been proposed as a protective molecule because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. Various H2S-releasing prodrugs, hybrids and natural compounds have been tested for their therapeutic efficacy in viral infections and inflammatory disorders. In this review, I am highlighting the rationale for using H2S-based interventions for the management of COVID-19 and post-infection inflammatory disorders including neuroinflammation. I am also proposing therepurposing of existing H2S-releasing prodrugs, developing new NO-H2S-hybrids, targeting H2S metabolic pathways, and using H2S-producing dietary supplements as viable defensive strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
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Karaman Y, Kaya-Yasar Y, Eylem CC, Onder SC, Nemutlu E, Bozkurt TE, Sahin-Erdemli I. The effect of mitochondria-targeted slow hydrogen sulfide releasing donor AP39-treatment on airway inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 946:175619. [PMID: 36828102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to contribute to the pathophysiology of airway diseases. Therefore, mitochondria are targeted in the development of new therapeutic approaches. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to be involved in the pathophysiological processes of airway inflammation. We aimed to evaluate the effect of mitochondria-targeted slow H2S releasing donor AP39 [(10-oxo-10-(4-(3-thioxo-3H-1,2-dithiol5yl)phenoxy)decyl)triphenylphosphoniumbromide)] on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced airway inflammation in mice. LPS was applied to female Balb/c mice by intranasal (i.n.) route to induce airway inflammation and the subgroups of mice were treated with i.n. AP39 (250-1000 nmol/kg). 48 h after LPS administration airway reactivity was evaluated in vivo, then bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lungs were collected. LPS application led to bronchial hyperreactivity and neutrophil infiltration into the lung tissues along with increased TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in BAL fluid. LPS also induced an increase in the rate of glycolysis, glycogenolysis and Krebs-cycle. AP39 treatment prevented the LPS-induced bronchial hyperreactivity and reversed the increase in TNF-α and IL-6 levels in BAL fluid. The increase in neutrophil numbers in BAL fluid was also prevented by AP39 treatment at the highest dose. Our results indicate that AP39 can prevent bronchial hyperreactivity and decrease airway inflammation. Targeting H2S to the mitochondria may be a new therapeutic approach in airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Karaman
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yesim Kaya-Yasar
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Cemil Can Eylem
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevgen Celik Onder
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bioanalytic and Omics Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turgut Emrah Bozkurt
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Inci Sahin-Erdemli
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
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Hydrogen Sulfide: A Gaseous Mediator and Its Key Role in Programmed Cell Death, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112162. [PMID: 36358533 PMCID: PMC9687070 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been acknowledged as a novel gaseous mediator. The metabolism of H2S in mammals is tightly controlled and is mainly achieved by many physiological reactions catalyzed by a suite of enzymes. Although the precise actions of H2S in regulating programmed cell death, oxidative stress and inflammation are yet to be fully understood, it is becoming increasingly clear that H2S is extensively involved in these crucial processes. Since programmed cell death, oxidative stress and inflammation have been demonstrated as three important mechanisms participating in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases, it can be inferred that aberrant H2S metabolism also functions as a critical contributor to pulmonary diseases, which has also been extensively investigated. In the meantime, substantial attention has been paid to developing therapeutic approaches targeting H2S for pulmonary diseases. In this review, we summarize the cutting-edge knowledge on the metabolism of H2S and the relevance of H2S to programmed cell death, oxidative stress and inflammation. We also provide an update on the crucial roles played by H2S in the pathogenesis of several pulmonary diseases. Finally, we discuss the perspective on targeting H2S metabolism in the treatment of pulmonary diseases.
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Sodium hydrosulfide inhibiting endothelial cells injury and neutrophils activation via IL-8/CXCR2/ROS/NF-κB axis in type 1 diabetes mellitus rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 606:1-9. [PMID: 35334385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) prevents endothelial cells injury. However, the complicated mechanism of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a donor that produces H2S) which inhibits the endothelial cells injury which correlated the activation of neutrophil in the type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) rats has not been previously investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS In the experiment, the T1DM animal model was established, the IL-1β, IL-8 were determined by western blotting and ELISA, the expressions of the Bax and Bcl-2 of endothelial cells and the CXCR2, CSE, phosphor-IκBα and NF-kB of neutrophils were measured by western blotting. Additionally, the concentration of serum dsDNA was tested by PicoGreen commercial Kits, changes in the H2S concentration of neutrophils were determined by Multiskan spectrum microphate spectrophotometer, the cellular ROS levels of neutrophils were detected by DCFH-DA staining and flow cytometry. The IL-1β, IL-8 concentration and expression increased, the endothelial cells injury which stimulated by high glucose and the concentration of dsDNA in serum increased, the expression of CXCR2, phosphor-IκBα and NF-kB increased while the expression of CSE and concentration of H2S decreased in neutrophils in the T1DM group compared to the control group. NaHS significantly inhibited the injury of endothelial cell, the production of ROS in neutrophils, reversed the expressions of CXCR2, CSE, phosphor-IκBα and NF-κB and decreased concentration of dsDNA in serum which were caused by T1DM. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that the donor of H2S inhibits endothelial cells injury and neutrophils activation via the IL-8/CXCR2/ROS/NF-κB axis in T1DM rat.
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Cirino G, Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. Physiological roles of hydrogen sulfide in mammalian cells, tissues and organs. Physiol Rev 2022; 103:31-276. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
H2S belongs to the class of molecules known as gasotransmitters, which also includes nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Three enzymes are recognized as endogenous sources of H2S in various cells and tissues: cystathionine g-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). The current article reviews the regulation of these enzymes as well as the pathways of their enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation and elimination. The multiple interactions of H2S with other labile endogenous molecules (e.g. NO) and reactive oxygen species are also outlined. The various biological targets and signaling pathways are discussed, with special reference to H2S and oxidative posttranscriptional modification of proteins, the effect of H2S on channels and intracellular second messenger pathways, the regulation of gene transcription and translation and the regulation of cellular bioenergetics and metabolism. The pharmacological and molecular tools currently available to study H2S physiology are also reviewed, including their utility and limitations. In subsequent sections, the role of H2S in the regulation of various physiological and cellular functions is reviewed. The physiological role of H2S in various cell types and organ systems are overviewed. Finally, the role of H2S in the regulation of various organ functions is discussed as well as the characteristic bell-shaped biphasic effects of H2S. In addition, key pathophysiological aspects, debated areas, and future research and translational areas are identified A wide array of significant roles of H2S in the physiological regulation of all organ functions emerges from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece & Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
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Pozzi G, Gobbi G, Masselli E, Carubbi C, Presta V, Ambrosini L, Vitale M, Mirandola P. Buffering Adaptive Immunity by Hydrogen Sulfide. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030325. [PMID: 35159135 PMCID: PMC8834412 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell-mediated adaptive immunity is designed to respond to non-self antigens and pathogens through the activation and proliferation of various T cell populations. T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17 and Treg cells finely orchestrate cellular responses through a plethora of paracrine and autocrine stimuli that include cytokines, autacoids, and hormones. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of these mediators able to induce/inhibit immunological responses, playing a role in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, asthma, acute pancreatitis, and sepsis. Both endogenous and exogenous H2S modulate numerous important cell signaling pathways. In monocytes, polymorphonuclear, and T cells H2S impacts on activation, survival, proliferation, polarization, adhesion pathways, and modulates cytokine production and sensitivity to chemokines. Here, we offer a comprehensive review on the role of H2S as a natural buffer able to maintain over time a functional balance between Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pozzi
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (L.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Giuliana Gobbi
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (L.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Elena Masselli
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (L.A.); (M.V.)
- University Hospital of Parma, AOU-PR, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Cecilia Carubbi
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (L.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Valentina Presta
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (L.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Luca Ambrosini
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (L.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Marco Vitale
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (L.A.); (M.V.)
- University Hospital of Parma, AOU-PR, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Italian Foundation for the Research in Balneology, Via Po 22, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (L.A.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (P.M.)
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Scrivner O, Ismaeel A, Kumar MR, Sorokolet K, Koutakis P, Farmer PJ. Expanding the Reactive Sulfur Metabolome: Intracellular and Efflux Measurements of Small Oxoacids of Sulfur (SOS) and H 2S in Human Primary Vascular Cell Culture. Molecules 2021; 26:7160. [PMID: 34885743 PMCID: PMC8659008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous signaling molecule which is important for cardiovascular health, but its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Here, we report measurements of H2S as well as its oxidized metabolites, termed small oxoacids of sulfur (SOS = HSOH and HOSOH), in four human primary vascular cell lines: smooth muscle and endothelial cells derived from both human arterial and coronary tissues. We use a methodology that targets small molecular weight sulfur species; mass spectrometric analysis allows for species quantification to report cellular concentrations based on an H2S calibration curve. The production of H2S and SOS is orders of magnitude higher in smooth muscle (nanomolar) as compared to endothelial cell lines (picomolar). In all the primary lines measured, the distributions of these three species were HOSOH >H2S > HSOH, with much higher SOS than seen previously in non-vascular cell lines. H2S and SOS were effluxed from smooth muscle cells in higher concentrations than endothelial cells. Aortic smooth muscle cells were used to examine changes under hypoxic growth conditions. Hypoxia caused notable increases in HSOH and ROS, which we attribute to enhanced sulfide quinone oxidase activity that results in reverse electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottis Scrivner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (O.S.); (M.R.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (P.K.)
| | - Murugaeson R. Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (O.S.); (M.R.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Kristina Sorokolet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (O.S.); (M.R.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Panagiotis Koutakis
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (P.K.)
| | - Patrick J. Farmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (O.S.); (M.R.K.); (K.S.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Datzmann
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamara Merz
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oscar McCook
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, OMI Department, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Pacitti D, Scotton CJ, Kumar V, Khan H, Wark PAB, Torregrossa R, Hansbro PM, Whiteman M. Gasping for Sulfide: A Critical Appraisal of Hydrogen Sulfide in Lung Disease and Accelerated Aging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:551-579. [PMID: 33736455 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule involved in a plethora of physiological and pathological processes. It is primarily synthesized by cystathionine-β-synthase, cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase as a metabolite of the transsulfuration pathway. H2S has been shown to exert beneficial roles in lung disease acting as an anti-inflammatory and antiviral and to ameliorate cell metabolism and protect from oxidative stress. H2S interacts with transcription factors, ion channels, and a multitude of proteins via post-translational modifications through S-persulfidation ("sulfhydration"). Perturbation of endogenous H2S synthesis and/or levels have been implicated in the development of accelerated lung aging and diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrosis. Furthermore, evidence indicates that persulfidation is decreased with aging. Here, we review the use of H2S as a biomarker of lung pathologies and discuss the potential of using H2S-generating molecules and synthesis inhibitors to treat respiratory diseases. Furthermore, we provide a critical appraisal of methods of detection used to quantify H2S concentration in biological samples and discuss the challenges of characterizing physiological and pathological levels. Considerations and caveats of using H2S delivery molecules, the choice of generating molecules, and concentrations are also reviewed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 551-579.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Pacitti
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J Scotton
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Haroon Khan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Roberta Torregrossa
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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12
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Myszkowska J, Derevenkov I, Makarov SV, Spiekerkoetter U, Hannibal L. Biosynthesis, Quantification and Genetic Diseases of the Smallest Signaling Thiol Metabolite: Hydrogen Sulfide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1065. [PMID: 34356298 PMCID: PMC8301176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter and the smallest signaling thiol metabolite with important roles in human health. The turnover of H2S in humans is mainly governed by enzymes of sulfur amino acid metabolism and also by the microbiome. As is the case with other small signaling molecules, disease-promoting effects of H2S largely depend on its concentration and compartmentalization. Genetic defects that impair the biogenesis and catabolism of H2S have been described; however, a gap in knowledge remains concerning physiological steady-state concentrations of H2S and their direct clinical implications. The small size and considerable reactivity of H2S renders its quantification in biological samples an experimental challenge. A compilation of methods currently employed to quantify H2S in biological specimens is provided in this review. Substantial discrepancy exists in the concentrations of H2S determined by different techniques. Available methodologies permit end-point measurement of H2S concentration, yet no definitive protocol exists for the continuous, real-time measurement of H2S produced by its enzymatic sources. We present a summary of available animal models, monogenic diseases that impair H2S metabolism in humans including structure-function relationships of pathogenic mutations, and discuss possible approaches to overcome current limitations of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Myszkowska
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Ilia Derevenkov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (I.D.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Sergei V. Makarov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (I.D.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
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McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ, Lerner A. Review - Nutraceuticals Can Target Asthmatic Bronchoconstriction: NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Oxidative Stress, RhoA and Calcium Dynamics. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:685-701. [PMID: 34163181 PMCID: PMC8214517 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s307549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of various isoforms of NADPH oxidase contributes to the pathogenesis of asthma at multiple levels: promoting hypercontractility, hypertrophy, and proliferation of airway smooth muscle; enabling lung influx of eosinophils via VCAM-1; and mediating allergen-induced mast cell activation. Free bilirubin, which functions physiologically within cells as a feedback inhibitor of NADPH oxidase complexes, has been shown to have a favorable impact on each of these phases of asthma pathogenesis. The spirulina chromophore phycocyanobilin (PhyCB), a homolog of bilirubin’s precursor biliverdin, can mimic the inhibitory impact of biliverdin/bilirubin on NADPH oxidase activity, and spirulina’s versatile and profound anti-inflammatory activity in rodent studies suggests that PhyCB may have potential as a clinical inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Hence, spirulina or PhyCB-enriched spirulina extracts merit clinical evaluation in asthma. Promoting biosynthesis of glutathione and increasing the expression and activity of various antioxidant enzymes – as by supplementing with N-acetylcysteine, Phase 2 inducers (eg, lipoic acid), selenium, and zinc – may also blunt the contribution of oxidative stress to asthma pathogenesis. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) work in various ways to oppose pathogenic mechanisms in asthma; supplemental citrulline and high-dose folate may aid NO synthesis, high-dose biotin may mimic and possibly potentiate NO’s activating impact on soluble guanylate cyclase, and NAC and taurine may boost H2S synthesis. The amino acid glycine has a hyperpolarizing effect on airway smooth muscle that is bronchodilatory. Insuring optimal intracellular levels of magnesium may modestly blunt the stimulatory impact of intracellular free calcium on bronchoconstriction. Nutraceutical regimens or functional foods incorporating at least several of these agents may have utility as nutraceutical adjuvants to standard clinical management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James J DiNicolantonio
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, 5262000, Israel
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The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Respiratory Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050682. [PMID: 34062820 PMCID: PMC8147381 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are leading causes of death and disability around the globe, with a diverse range of health problems. Treatment of respiratory diseases and infections has been verified to be thought-provoking because of the increasing incidence and mortality rate. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the recognized gaseous transmitters involved in an extensive range of cellular functions, and physiological and pathological processes in a variety of diseases, including respiratory diseases. Recently, the therapeutic potential of H2S for respiratory diseases has been widely investigated. H2S plays a vital therapeutic role in obstructive respiratory disease, pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, pancreatic inflammatory/respiratory lung injury, pulmonary inflammation, bronchial asthma and bronchiectasis. Although the therapeutic role of H2S has been extensively studied in various respiratory diseases, a concrete literature review will have an extraordinary impact on future therapeutics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effective role of H2S in respiratory diseases. Besides, we also summarized H2S production in the lung and its metabolism processes in respiratory diseases.
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15
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Suzuki Y, Saito J, Munakata M, Shibata Y. Hydrogen sulfide as a novel biomarker of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Allergol Int 2021; 70:181-189. [PMID: 33214087 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently been recognised as the third important gas-signalling molecule, besides nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. H2S has been reported to be produced by many cell types in mammalian tissues and organs throughout the actions of H2S-generating enzymes or redox reactions between the oxidation of glucose and element of sulfur. Although the pathological role of H2S has not yet been fully elucidated, accumulative data suggest that H2S may have biphasic effects. Briefly, it mainly has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles, although it can also have pro-inflammatory effects under certain conditions where rapid release of H2S in tissues occur, such as sepsis. To date, there have been several clinical studies published on H2S in respiratory disorders, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). According to previous studies, H2S is detectable in serum, sputum, and exhaled breath, although a gold standard method for detection has not yet been established. In asthma and COPD, H2S levels in serum and sputum can vary depending on the underlying conditions such as an acute exacerbation. Furthermore, sputum H2S in particular correlates with sputum neutrophils and the degree of airflow limitation, indicating that H2S has potential as a novel promising biomarker for neutrophilic airway inflammation for predicting current control state as well as future risks of asthma. In the future, concurrent measures of H2S with conventional inflammatory biomarkers (fractional exhaled nitric oxide, eosinophils etc) may provide more useful information regarding the identification of inflammatory phenotypes of asthma and COPD for personalised treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Suzuki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Junpei Saito
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Munakata
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoko Shibata
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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16
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Abstract
This review addresses the plausibility of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) therapy for acute lung injury (ALI) and circulatory shock, by contrasting the promising preclinical results to the present clinical reality. The review discusses how the narrow therapeutic window and width, and potentially toxic effects, the route, dosing, and timing of administration all have to be balanced out very carefully. The development of standardized methods to determine in vitro and in vivo H2S concentrations, and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of H2S-releasing compounds is a necessity to facilitate the safety of H2S-based therapies. We suggest the potential of exploiting already clinically approved compounds, which are known or unknown H2S donors, as a surrogate strategy.
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17
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Fuschillo S, Palomba L, Capparelli R, Motta A, Maniscalco M. Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide: A Nice Pair in the Respiratory System. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:7136-7148. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200310120550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is internationally regarded as a signal molecule involved in several
functions in the respiratory tract under physiological and pathogenic conditions. Hydrogen Sulfide
(H2S) has also recently been recognized as a new gasotransmitter with a diverse range of functions
similar to those of NO.
Depending on their respective concentrations, both these molecules act synergistically or antagonistically
as signals or damage promoters. Nevertheless, available evidence shows that the complex
biological connections between NO and H2S involve multiple pathways and depend on the site of
action in the respiratory tract, as well as on experimental conditions. This review will provide an
update on these two gasotransmitters in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fuschillo
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Division of the Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Letizia Palomba
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Rosanna Capparelli
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80055 Portici, (NA), Italy
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Division of the Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme (BN), Italy
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18
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Michaeloudes C, Seiffert J, Chen S, Ruenraroengsak P, Bey L, Theodorou IG, Ryan M, Cui X, Zhang J, Shaffer M, Tetley T, Porter AE, Chung KF. Effect of silver nanospheres and nanowires on human airway smooth muscle cells: role of sulfidation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5635-5647. [PMID: 34381958 PMCID: PMC8330518 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00745e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: The toxicity of inhaled silver nanoparticles on contractile and pro-inflammatory airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) that control airway calibre is unknown. We explored the oxidative activities and sulfidation processes of the toxic-inflammatory response. Method: Silver nanospheres (AgNSs) of 20 nm and 50 nm diameter and silver nanowires (AgNWs), short S-AgNWs, 1.5 μm and long L-AgNWs, 10 μm, both 72 nm in diameter were manufactured. We measured their effects on cell proliferation, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and membrane potential, and also performed electron microscopic studies. Main results and findings: The greatest effects were observed for the smallest particles with the highest specific surface area and greatest solubility that were avidly internalised. ASMCs exposed to 20 nm AgNSs (25 μg mL-1) for 72 hours exhibited a significant decrease in DNA incorporation (-72.4%; p < 0.05), whereas neither the 50 nm AgNSs nor the s-AgNWs altered DNA synthesis or viability. There was a small reduction in ASMC proliferation for the smaller AgNS, although Ag+ at 25 μL mL-1 reduced DNA synthesis by 93.3% (p < 0.001). Mitochondrial potential was reduced by both Ag+ (25 μg mL-1) by 47.1% and 20 nm Ag NSs (25 μg mL-1) by 40.1% (*both at p < 0.05), but was not affected by 50 nm AgNSs and the AgNWs. None of the samples showed a change in ROS toxicity. However, malondialdehyde release, associated with greater total ROS, was observed for all AgNPs, to an extent following the geometric size (20 nm AgNS: 213%, p < 0.01; 50 nm AgNS: 179.5%, p < 0.01 and L-AgNWs by 156.2%, p < 0.05). The antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, prevented the reduction in mitochondrial potential caused by 20 nm AgNSs. The smaller nanostructures were internalised and dissolved within the ASMCs with the formation of non-reactive silver sulphide (Ag2S) on their surface, but with very little uptake of L-AgNWs. When ASMCs were incubated with H2S-producing enzyme inhibitors, the spatial extent of Ag2S formation was much greater. Conclusion: The intracellular toxicity of AgNPs in ASMCs is determined by the solubility of Ag+ released and the sulfidation process, effects related to particle size and geometry. Passivation through sulfidation driven by biogenic H2S can outcompete dissolution, thus reducing the toxicity of the smaller intracellular Ag nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Seiffert
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London Dovehouse St London SW3 6LY UK
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Materials, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London SW3 UK
| | - Pakatip Ruenraroengsak
- Department of Materials, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London SW3 UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Leo Bey
- Department of Materials, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London SW3 UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Ioannis G Theodorou
- Department of Materials, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London SW3 UK
| | - Mary Ryan
- Department of Materials, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London SW3 UK
| | - Xiaoxing Cui
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University Durham USA
| | - Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University Durham USA
| | - Milo Shaffer
- Department of Materials, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London SW3 UK
| | - Terry Tetley
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London Dovehouse St London SW3 6LY UK
| | - Alexandra E Porter
- Department of Materials, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London SW3 UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London Dovehouse St London SW3 6LY UK
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19
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Vaamonde-García C, Burguera EF, Vela-Anero Á, Hermida-Gómez T, Filgueira-Fernández P, Fernández-Rodríguez JA, Meijide-Faílde R, Blanco FJ. Intraarticular Administration Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide on an In Vivo Rat Model of Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197421. [PMID: 33050005 PMCID: PMC7582513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common articular chronic disease. However, its current treatment is limited and mostly symptomatic. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gas with recognized physiological activities. The purpose here was to evaluate the effects of the intraarticular administration of a slow-releasing H2S compound (GYY-4137) on an OA experimental model. OA was induced in Wistar rats by the transection of medial collateral ligament and the removal of the medial meniscus of the left joint. The animals were randomized into three groups: non-treated and intraarticularly injected with saline or GYY-4137. Joint destabilization induced articular thickening (≈5% increment), the loss of joint mobility and flexion (≈12-degree angle), and increased levels of pain (≈1.5 points on a scale of 0 to 3). Animals treated with GYY-4137 presented improved motor function of the joint, as well as lower pain levels (≈75% recovery). We also observed that cartilage deterioration was attenuated in the GYY-4137 group (≈30% compared with the saline group). Likewise, these animals showed a reduced presence of pro-inflammatory mediators (cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and metalloproteinase-13) and lower oxidative damage in the cartilage. The increment of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) levels and Nrf-2-regulated gene expression (≈30%) in the GYY-4137 group seem to be underlying its chondroprotective effects. Our results suggest the beneficial impact of the intraarticular administration of H2S on experimental OA, showing a reduced cartilage destruction and oxidative damage, and supporting the use of slow H2S-producing molecules as a complementary treatment in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vaamonde-García
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de A Coruña, Agrupación Estratégica CICA- INIBIC, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Campus Oza, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (C.V.-G.); (Á.V.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), INIBIC-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Sergas, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (E.F.B.); (T.H.-G.); (P.F.-F.)
| | - Elena F. Burguera
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), INIBIC-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Sergas, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (E.F.B.); (T.H.-G.); (P.F.-F.)
- Centro de investigación biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Vela-Anero
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de A Coruña, Agrupación Estratégica CICA- INIBIC, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Campus Oza, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (C.V.-G.); (Á.V.-A.)
| | - Tamara Hermida-Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), INIBIC-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Sergas, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (E.F.B.); (T.H.-G.); (P.F.-F.)
- Centro de investigación biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificación Filgueira-Fernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), INIBIC-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Sergas, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (E.F.B.); (T.H.-G.); (P.F.-F.)
- Centro de investigación biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer A. Fernández-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Envejecimiento e Inflamación, Agrupación Estratégica CICA- INIBIC, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Sergas, Universidad de A Coruña, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Rosa Meijide-Faílde
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de A Coruña, Agrupación Estratégica CICA- INIBIC, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Campus Oza, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (C.V.-G.); (Á.V.-A.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.-F.); (F.J.B.); Tel.: +34-981167000 (ext. 5855) (R.M.-F.); +34-981176399 (F.J.B.)
| | - Francisco J. Blanco
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), INIBIC-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Sergas, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (E.F.B.); (T.H.-G.); (P.F.-F.)
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología y Salud (GIR), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Agrupación Estrategica CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Oza, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.-F.); (F.J.B.); Tel.: +34-981167000 (ext. 5855) (R.M.-F.); +34-981176399 (F.J.B.)
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20
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Dilek N, Papapetropoulos A, Toliver-Kinsky T, Szabo C. Hydrogen sulfide: An endogenous regulator of the immune system. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105119. [PMID: 32781284 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as an endogenous signaling gasotransmitter in mammals. It is produced by mammalian cells and tissues by various enzymes - predominantly cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) - but part of the H2S is produced by the intestinal microbiota (colonic H2S-producing bacteria). Here we summarize the available information on the production and functional role of H2S in the various cell types typically associated with innate immunity (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils) and adaptive immunity (T and B lymphocytes) under normal conditions and as it relates to the development of various inflammatory and immune diseases. Special attention is paid to the physiological and the pathophysiological aspects of the oral cavity and the colon, where the immune cells and the parenchymal cells are exposed to a special "H2S environment" due to bacterial H2S production. H2S has many cellular and molecular targets. Immune cells are "surrounded" by a "cloud" of H2S, as a result of endogenous H2S production and exogenous production from the surrounding parenchymal cells, which, in turn, importantly regulates their viability and function. Downregulation of endogenous H2S producing enzymes in various diseases, or genetic defects in H2S biosynthetic enzyme systems either lead to the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease or accelerate the onset and worsen the severity of various immune-mediated diseases (e.g. autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis or asthma). Low, regulated amounts of H2S, when therapeutically delivered by small molecule donors, improve the function of various immune cells, and protect them against dysfunction induced by various noxious stimuli (e.g. reactive oxygen species or oxidized LDL). These effects of H2S contribute to the maintenance of immune functions, can stimulate antimicrobial defenses and can exert anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahzli Dilek
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Tracy Toliver-Kinsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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21
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Sunzini F, De Stefano S, Chimenti MS, Melino S. Hydrogen Sulfide as Potential Regulatory Gasotransmitter in Arthritic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041180. [PMID: 32053981 PMCID: PMC7072783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The social and economic impact of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, explains the growing interest of the research in this field. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the endogenous gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were recently demonstrated in the context of different inflammatory diseases. In particular, H2S is able to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory mediations by lymphocytes and innate immunity cells. Considering these biological effects of H2S, a potential role in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), can be postulated. However, despite the growing interest in H2S, more evidence is needed to understand the pathophysiology and the potential of H2S as a therapeutic agent. Within this review, we provide an overview on H2S biological effects, on its role in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, on H2S releasing drugs, and on systems of tissue repair and regeneration that are currently under investigation for potential therapeutic applications in arthritic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Sunzini
- Institute of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University, Glasgow G31 8TA, UK;
- Rheumatology, Allergology and clinical immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpelier, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Susanna De Stefano
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and clinical immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpelier, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0672594410
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22
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Viegas J, Esteves AF, Cardoso EM, Arosa FA, Vitale M, Taborda-Barata L. Biological Effects of Thermal Water-Associated Hydrogen Sulfide on Human Airways and Associated Immune Cells: Implications for Respiratory Diseases. Front Public Health 2019; 7:128. [PMID: 31231626 PMCID: PMC6560203 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural mineral (thermal) waters have been used for centuries as treatment for various diseases. However, the scientific background of such therapeutic action is mostly empiric and based on knowledge acquired over time. Among the various types of natural mineral waters, sulfurous thermal waters (STWs) are the most common type in the center of Portugal. STWs are characterized by high pH, poor mineralization, and the presence of several ions and salts, such as bicarbonate, sodium, fluoride, silica, and carbonate. Furthermore, these waters are indicated as a good option for the treatment of various illnesses, namely respiratory diseases (e.g., allergic rhinitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). From the sulfide species present in these waters, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) stands out due to its abundance. In healthy conditions, H2S-related enzymes (e.g., cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase) are expressed in human lungs, where they have mucolytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial roles, thus contributing to airway epithelium homeostasis. These roles occur mainly through S-sulfhydration, a post-translational modification through which H2S is able to change the activity of several targets, such as ion channels, second messengers, proteins, among others. However, in respiratory diseases the metabolism of H2S is altered, which seems to contribute somehow to the respiratory deterioration. Moreover, H2S has been regarded as a good biomarker of airway dysfunction and severity, and can be measured in serum, sputum, and exhaled air. Hence, in this review we will recapitulate the effects of STWs on lung epithelial-immune crosstalk through the action of its main component, H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Viegas
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Esteves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elsa M Cardoso
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,FCS-Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Escola Superior da Saúde, IPG-Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Fernando A Arosa
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,FCS-Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marco Vitale
- DiMeC-Department of Medicine & Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,FoRST-Fondazione per la Ricerca Scientifica Termale, Rome, Italy
| | - Luís Taborda-Barata
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,NuESA-Health & Environment Study Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Immunoallergology, CHUCB-Cova da Beira University Hospital Centre, Covilhã, Portugal
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23
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Chen M, Li X, Shi Q, Zhang Z, Xu S. Hydrogen sulfide exposure triggers chicken trachea inflammatory injury through oxidative stress-mediated FOS/IL8 signaling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:243-254. [PMID: 30684762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is well known to cause irritation and damage to airway following inhalation, but the mechanism by which H2S contributes to airway toxicity is unclear. In order to assess the respiratory toxicity of H2S inhalation in chicken trachea, we investigated the change of oxidative stress parameters, tracheal tissue structure and transcriptome profiles of chicken trachea exposed to H2S for 42 days. The results showed H2S exposure induced oxidative stress and inflammation in trachea. The ultrastructural analysis revealed loss of cilia and accumulation of mucus in tracheal epithelium. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis indicated 454 genes were significantly changed, including 136 genes upregulated and 318 genes downregulated. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis showed many genes involved in response to oxidative stress, inflammatory and immune response, which might contribute to H2S-induced tracheal inflammatory injury. Among those genes, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment blocked the H2S-triggered expression of FOS and IL8. Silencing FOS by siRNA inhibited H2S-induced expression of IL8. Taken together, we concluded that H2S induced oxidative stress leads to tracheal inflammation through FOS/IL8 signaling, leading to excessive mucus secretion and absence of cilia. These results provide new insights for unveiling the biological effects of H2S in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qunxiang Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Suzuki Y, Saito J, Kikuchi M, Uematsu M, Fukuhara A, Sato S, Munakata M. Sputum-to-serum hydrogen sulphide ratio as a novel biomarker of predicting future risks of asthma exacerbation. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1155-1163. [PMID: 29758106 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased level of hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) in sputum is reported to be a new biomarker of neutrophilic airway inflammation in chronic airway disorders. However, the relationship between H2 S and disease activity remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether H2 S levels could vary during different conditions in asthma. METHOD H2 S levels in sputum and serum were measured using a sulphide-sensitive electrode in 47 stable asthmatic subjects (S-BA), 21 uncontrolled asthmatic subjects (UC-BA), 26 asthmatic subjects with acute exacerbation (AE-BA) and 15 healthy subjects. Of these, H2 S levels during stable, as well as exacerbation states, were obtained in 13 asthmatic subjects. RESULTS Sputum H2 S levels were significantly higher in the AE-BA subjects compared to the UC-BA and healthy subjects (P < .05). However, serum H2 S levels in the AE-BA subjects were lower than in the S-BA subjects (P < .001) and similar to those in healthy subjects. Thus, the sputum-to-serum ratio of H2 S (H2 S ratio) in the AE-BA subjects was significantly higher than in the S-BA, UC-BA and healthy subjects (P < .05). Among all subjects, sputum H2 S levels showed a trend to decrease with FEV1 %predicted and significantly positive correlations with sputum neutrophils (%), sputum IL-8 and serum IL-8. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that sputum H2 S was independently associated with increased sputum neutrophils (%) and decreased FEV1 %predicted (P < .05). The cut-off level of H2 S ratio to indicate an exacerbation was ≥0.34 (area under the curve; 0.88, with a sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 72.7%, P < .001). Furthermore, half of the asthmatic subjects with H2 S ratios higher than the cut-off level experienced asthma exacerbations over the following 3 months after enrolment. CONCLUSIONS The H2 S ratio may provide useful information on predicting future risks of asthma exacerbation, as well as on obstructive neutrophilic airway inflammation as one of the non-Th2 biomarkers, in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Suzuki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - J Saito
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - M Kikuchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - M Uematsu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - A Fukuhara
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - S Sato
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - M Munakata
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Perry MM, Tildy B, Papi A, Casolari P, Caramori G, Rempel KL, Halayko AJ, Adcock I, Chung KF. The anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory response of COPD airway smooth muscle cells to hydrogen sulfide. Respir Res 2018; 19:85. [PMID: 29743070 PMCID: PMC5944010 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Backbround COPD is a common, highly debilitating disease of the airways, primarily caused by smoking. Chronic inflammation and structural remodelling are key pathological features of this disease caused, in part, by the aberrant function of airway smooth muscle (ASM). We have previously demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can inhibit ASM cell proliferation and CXCL8 release, from cells isolated from non-smokers. Methods We examined the effect of H2S upon ASM cells from COPD patients. ASM cells were isolated from non-smokers, smokers and patients with COPD (n = 9). Proliferation and cytokine release (IL-6 and CXCL8) of ASM was induced by FCS, and measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and ELISA, respectively. Results Exposure of ASM to H2S donors inhibited FCS-induced proliferation and cytokine release, but was less effective upon COPD ASM cells compared to the non-smokers and smokers. The mRNA and protein expression of the enzymes responsible for endogenous H2S production (cystathionine-β-synthase [CBS] and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphur transferase [MPST]) were inhibited by H2S donors. Finally, we report that exogenous H2S inhibited FCS-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK–1/2 and p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in the non-smoker and smoker ASM cells, with little effect in COPD cells. Conclusions H2S production provides a novel mechanism for the repression of ASM proliferation and cytokine release. The ability of COPD ASM cells to respond to H2S is attenuated in COPD ASM cells despite the presence of the enzymes responsible for H2S production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0788-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Perry
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Bernadett Tildy
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London & Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Alberto Papi
- Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-Correlate (CEMICEF, formerly termed Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Casolari
- Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-Correlate (CEMICEF, formerly termed Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Karen Limbert Rempel
- Departments of Internal Medicine & Physiology, Respiratory Hospital, Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Departments of Internal Medicine & Physiology, Respiratory Hospital, Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Ian Adcock
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London & Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London & Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, SW3 6LY, UK
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Abstract
Signaling by H2S is proposed to occur via persulfidation, a posttranslational modification of cysteine residues (RSH) to persulfides (RSSH). Persulfidation provides a framework for understanding the physiological and pharmacological effects of H2S. Due to the inherent instability of persulfides, their chemistry is understudied. In this review, we discuss the biologically relevant chemistry of H2S and the enzymatic routes for its production and oxidation. We cover the chemical biology of persulfides and the chemical probes for detecting them. We conclude by discussing the roles ascribed to protein persulfidation in cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos R. Filipovic
- Univeristy of Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jasmina Zivanovic
- Univeristy of Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la Republica, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600, United States
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Wang P, Wu L, Ju Y, Fu M, Shuang T, Qian Z, Wang R. Age-Dependent Allergic Asthma Development and Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase Deficiency. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:931-944. [PMID: 28253731 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The pathogenic mechanisms for the higher prevalence of allergic asthma in children than in adults have not been settled. The aim of the present study is to examine whether the age-dependent development of allergic asthma is caused by age-dependent expression of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), a key enzyme that catalyzes the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). RESULTS Allergic asthma was induced with ovalbumin in wild-type (WT) and CSE knock-out (KO) mice at young and old ages. CSE expression and H2S production were lower in immune cells of young WT mice than in those of old WT mice. Coincidentally, more severe asthmatic symptoms with a greater type-2 immunoreaction were found in young WT mice than old WT mice. H2S supplementation reversed the asthmatic symptoms. Lower expression levels of CSE proteins were also found in human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells in comparison with that of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from adult people. The age-dependent asthma propensity vanished in CSE-KO mice, but these mice developed more severe asthma than WT mice. More splenocytes were differentiated to type-2 cytokine-generating cells in young WT mice and in CSE-KO mice at all ages. This differentiation was inhibited by H2S donors. GATA3 translocation to the nucleus and type-2 immunoreaction of splenocytes were inhibited after GATA3 was S-sulfhydrated by H2S. Innovation and Conclusion: For the first time, this study demonstrated that lower abundance of CSE expression and H2S production enhances type-2 immunoreaction and renders a higher incidence of allergic asthma at a young age. As such, H2S level may be a biomarker for asthma development and a H2S-based strategy can be perceived for asthma prevention and treatment. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 931-944.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- 1 Department of Biology, Lakehead University , Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- 2 Health Sciences North Research Institute , Sudbury, Canada .,3 School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University , Sudbury, Canada
| | - Yongjun Ju
- 4 School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University , Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Ming Fu
- 3 School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University , Sudbury, Canada
| | - Tian Shuang
- 1 Department of Biology, Lakehead University , Thunder Bay, Canada .,5 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University , Sudbury, Canada
| | - Zhongming Qian
- 6 Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy , Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- 1 Department of Biology, Lakehead University , Thunder Bay, Canada .,5 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University , Sudbury, Canada
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Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CII: Pharmacological Modulation of H 2S Levels: H 2S Donors and H 2S Biosynthesis Inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:497-564. [PMID: 28978633 PMCID: PMC5629631 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important endogenous gasotransmitter in mammalian cells and tissues. Similar to the previously characterized gasotransmitters nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, H2S is produced by various enzymatic reactions and regulates a host of physiologic and pathophysiological processes in various cells and tissues. H2S levels are decreased in a number of conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, ischemia, and aging) and are increased in other states (e.g., inflammation, critical illness, and cancer). Over the last decades, multiple approaches have been identified for the therapeutic exploitation of H2S, either based on H2S donation or inhibition of H2S biosynthesis. H2S donation can be achieved through the inhalation of H2S gas and/or the parenteral or enteral administration of so-called fast-releasing H2S donors (salts of H2S such as NaHS and Na2S) or slow-releasing H2S donors (GYY4137 being the prototypical compound used in hundreds of studies in vitro and in vivo). Recent work also identifies various donors with regulated H2S release profiles, including oxidant-triggered donors, pH-dependent donors, esterase-activated donors, and organelle-targeted (e.g., mitochondrial) compounds. There are also approaches where existing, clinically approved drugs of various classes (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories) are coupled with H2S-donating groups (the most advanced compound in clinical trials is ATB-346, an H2S-donating derivative of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound naproxen). For pharmacological inhibition of H2S synthesis, there are now several small molecule compounds targeting each of the three H2S-producing enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Although many of these compounds have their limitations (potency, selectivity), these molecules, especially in combination with genetic approaches, can be instrumental for the delineation of the biologic processes involving endogenous H2S production. Moreover, some of these compounds (e.g., cell-permeable prodrugs of the CBS inhibitor aminooxyacetate, or benserazide, a potentially repurposable CBS inhibitor) may serve as starting points for future clinical translation. The present article overviews the currently known H2S donors and H2S biosynthesis inhibitors, delineates their mode of action, and offers examples for their biologic effects and potential therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
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29
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Li F, Zhang P, Zhang M, Liang L, Sun X, Li M, Tang Y, Bao A, Gong J, Zhang J, Adcock I, Chung KF, Zhou X. Hydrogen Sulfide Prevents and Partially Reverses Ozone-Induced Features of Lung Inflammation and Emphysema in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:72-81. [PMID: 26731380 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0014oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a novel signaling gasotransmitter in the respiratory system, may have antiinflammatory properties in the lung. We examined the preventive and therapeutic effects of H2S on ozone-induced features of lung inflammation and emphysema. C57/BL6 mice were exposed to ozone or filtered air over 6 weeks. Sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), an H2S donor, was administered to the mice either before ozone exposure (preventive effect) or after completion of 6 weeks of ozone exposure (therapeutic effect). The ozone-exposed mice developed emphysema, measured by micro-computed tomography and histology, airflow limitation, measured by the forced maneuver system, and increased lung inflammation with augmented IL-1β, IL-18, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene expression. Ozone-induced changes were associated with increased Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-caspase-1 activation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and decreased Akt phosphorylation. NaHS both prevented and reversed lung inflammation and emphysematous changes in alveolar space. In contrast, NaHS prevented, but did not reverse, ozone-induced airflow limitation and bronchial structural remodeling. In conclusion, NaHS administration prevented and partially reversed ozone-induced features of lung inflammation and emphysema via regulation of the NLRP3-caspase-1, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Akt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine and
| | | | - Min Zhang
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine and
| | - Li Liang
- 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Third People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Min Li
- 3 Experimental Research Center, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqin Tang
- 3 Experimental Research Center, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Bao
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine and
| | - Jicheng Gong
- 4 Division of Environmental Sciences and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- 4 Division of Environmental Sciences and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Ian Adcock
- 5 Airway Diseases Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- 5 Airway Diseases Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Zhou
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine and
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30
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Mittra K, Singha A, Dey A. Mechanism of Reduction of Ferric Porphyrins by Sulfide: Identification of a Low Spin FeIII–SH Intermediate. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3916-3925. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaustuv Mittra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India 700032
| | - Asmita Singha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India 700032
| | - Abhishek Dey
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India 700032
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31
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Austin PJ, Tsitsiou E, Boardman C, Jones SW, Lindsay MA, Adcock IM, Chung KF, Perry MM. Transcriptional profiling identifies the long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation (PVT1) as a novel regulator of the asthmatic phenotype in human airway smooth muscle. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:780-789. [PMID: 27484035 PMCID: PMC5338875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism underlying nonsevere and severe asthma remains unclear, although it is commonly associated with increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to be important in regulating healthy primary airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), whereas changed expression has been observed in CD8 T cells from patients with severe asthma. METHODS Primary ASMCs were isolated from healthy subjects (n = 9) and patients classified as having nonsevere (n = 9) or severe (n = 9) asthma. ASMCs were exposed to dexamethasone and FCS. mRNA and lncRNA expression was measured by using a microarray and quantitative real-time PCR. Bioinformatic analysis was used to examine relevant biological pathways. Finally, the lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) was inhibited by transfection of primary ASMCs with small interfering RNAs, and the effect on ASMC phenotype was examined. RESULTS The mRNA expression profile was significantly different between patient groups after exposure to dexamethasone and FCS, and these were associated with biological pathways that might be relevant to the pathogenesis of asthma, including cellular proliferation and pathways associated with glucocorticoid activity. We also observed a significant change in lncRNA expression, yet the expression of only one lncRNA (PVT1) is decreased in patients with corticosteroid-sensitive nonsevere asthma and increased in patients with corticosteroid-insensitive severe asthma. Subsequent targeting studies demonstrated the importance of this lncRNA in controlling both proliferation and IL-6 release in ASMCs from patients with severe asthma. CONCLUSIONS lncRNAs are associated with the aberrant phenotype observed in ASMCs from asthmatic patients. Targeting PVT1 might be effective in reducing airway remodeling in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Austin
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London & Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Tsitsiou
- Respiratory Research Group, University Hospital of South Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Boardman
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London & Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Lindsay
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London & Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Research Group, University Hospital of South Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London & Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London & Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark M Perry
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Molecular Neurosciences Section, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
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32
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Functional and Molecular Insights of Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling and Protein Sulfhydration. J Mol Biol 2016; 429:543-561. [PMID: 28013031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a novel gasotransmitter, is endogenously synthesized by multiple enzymes that are differentially expressed in the peripheral tissues and central nervous systems. H2S regulates a wide range of physiological processes, namely cardiovascular, neuronal, immune, respiratory, gastrointestinal, liver, and endocrine systems, by influencing cellular signaling pathways and sulfhydration of target proteins. This review focuses on the recent progress made in H2S signaling that affects mechanistic and functional aspects of several biological processes such as autophagy, inflammation, proliferation and differentiation of stem cell, cell survival/death, and cellular metabolism under both physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, we highlighted the cross-talk between nitric oxide and H2S in several bilogical contexts.
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O'Leary L, Sevinç K, Papazoglou IM, Tildy B, Detillieux K, Halayko AJ, Chung KF, Perry MM. Airway smooth muscle inflammation is regulated by microRNA-145 in COPD. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1324-34. [PMID: 27060571 PMCID: PMC5082497 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, highly debilitating disease of the airways, primarily caused by smoking. Chronic inflammation and structural remodelling are key pathological features of this disease, in part caused by the aberrant function of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells under the regulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. miRNA are short, noncoding gene transcripts involved in the negative regulation of specific target genes, through their interactions with mRNA. Previous studies have proposed that mRNA-145 (miR-145) may interact with SMAD3, an important downstream signalling molecule of the TGF-β pathway. TGF-β was used to stimulate primary human ASM cells isolated from healthy nonsmokers, healthy smokers and COPD patients. This resulted in a TGF-β-dependent increase in CXCL8 and IL-6 release, most notably in the cells from COPD patients. TGF-β stimulation increased SMAD3 expression, only in cells from COPD patients, with a concurrent increased miR-145 expression. Regulation of miR-145 was found to be negatively controlled by pathways involving the MAP kinases, MEK-1/2 and p38 MAPK. Subsequent, overexpression of miR-145 (using synthetic mimics) in ASM cells from patients with COPD suppressed IL-6 and CXCL8 release, to levels comparable to the nonsmoker controls. Therefore, this study suggests that miR-145 negatively regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine release from ASM cells in COPD by targeting SMAD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence O'Leary
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, UK
| | - Kenan Sevinç
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, UK
| | - Ilektra M Papazoglou
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, UK
| | - Bernadett Tildy
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, UK
| | - Karen Detillieux
- Departments of Internal Medicine & Physiology, Respiratory Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Departments of Internal Medicine & Physiology, Respiratory Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, UK
| | - Mark M Perry
- Molecular Neurosciences, The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Abstract
In recent years, it has become apparent that the gaseous pollutant, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) can be synthesised in the body and has a multitude of biological actions. This review summarizes some of the actions of this 'gasotransmitter' in influencing the smooth muscle that is responsible for controlling muscular activity of hollow organs. In the vasculature, while H2S can cause vasoconstriction by complex interactions with other biologically important gases, such as nitric oxide, the prevailing response is vasorelaxation. While most vasorelaxation responses occur by a direct action of H2S on smooth muscle cells, it has recently been proposed to be an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. H2S also promotes relaxation in other smooth muscle preparations including bronchioles, the bladder, gastrointestinal tract and myometrium, opening up the opportunity of exploiting the pharmacology of H2S in the treatment of conditions where smooth muscle tone is excessive. The original concept, that H2S caused smooth muscle relaxation by activating ATP-sensitive K(+) channels, has been supplemented with observations that H2S can also modify the activity of other potassium channels, intracellular pH, phosphodiesterase activity and transient receptor potential channels on sensory nerves. While the enzymes responsible for generating endogenous H2S are widely expressed in smooth muscle preparations, it is much less clear what the physiological role of H2S is in determining smooth muscle contractility. Clarification of this requires the development of potent and selective inhibitors of H2S-generating enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Dunn
- Pharmacology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
| | - Stephen P H Alexander
- Pharmacology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Vera Ralevic
- Pharmacology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard E Roberts
- Pharmacology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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Chapman DG, Irvin CG. Mechanisms of airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma: the past, present and yet to come. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:706-19. [PMID: 25651937 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) has long been considered a cardinal feature of asthma. The development of the measurement of AHR 40 years ago initiated many important contributions to our understanding of asthma and other airway diseases. However, our understanding of AHR in asthma remains complicated by the multitude of potential underlying mechanisms which in reality are likely to have different contributions amongst individual patients. Therefore, the present review will discuss the current state of understanding of the major mechanisms proposed to contribute to AHR and highlight the way in which AHR testing is beginning to highlight distinct abnormalities associated with clinically relevant patient populations. In doing so we aim to provide a foundation by which future research can begin to ascribe certain mechanisms to specific patterns of bronchoconstriction and subsequently match phenotypes of bronchoconstriction with clinical phenotypes. We believe that this approach is not only within our grasp but will lead to improved mechanistic understanding of asthma phenotypes and we hoped to better inform the development of phenotype-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Chapman
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Yan Q, Lv W, Zhang Y, He S. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide exhibits anti-cancer effects though p38 MAPK signaling pathway in C6 glioma cells. Biol Chem 2015; 396:1247-53. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2015-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
It has been documented that H2S, in some types of cancer, promotes tumor proliferation, whereas, in the other types, it inhibits the tumor cell growth. In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects and relevant mechanisms of NaHS in C6 glioma cells. C6 cells were subjected to different concentrations of NaHS, then cell viability and morphological changes were examined by MTT assay and Hoechst staining. The protein expression of Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and p53 was measured by Western blotting. This work demonstrated that NaHS could reduce cell number and induce apoptosis of C6 gliomas cells. The protein expression of Caspase-3 and Bax was up-regulated, while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated. Additionally, p38 MAPK and p53 were activated in response to NaHS. Moreover, p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, counteracted the inhibitory effect of NaHS on C6 glioma cells. These data suggest that NaHS can effectively reduce cell number of C6 cells by triggering the apoptosis via Caspase-dependent pathway. p38 MAPK and p53 play an important role in NaHS-induced apoptosis in C6 cells. These findings imply that administration of NaHS may represent a new strategy for the treatment of glioma.
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Madurga A, Golec A, Pozarska A, Ishii I, Mižíková I, Nardiello C, Vadász I, Herold S, Mayer K, Reichenberger F, Fehrenbach H, Seeger W, Morty RE. The H2S-generating enzymes cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase play a role in vascular development during normal lung alveolarization. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L710-24. [PMID: 26232299 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00134.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is emerging as a mediator of lung physiology and disease. Recent studies revealed that H2S administration limited perturbations to lung structure in experimental animal models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), partially restoring alveolarization, limiting pulmonary hypertension, limiting inflammation, and promoting epithelial repair. No studies have addressed roles for endogenous H2S in lung development. H2S is endogenously generated by cystathionine β-synthase (Cbs) and cystathionine γ-lyase (Cth). We demonstrate here that the expression of Cbs and Cth in mouse lungs is dynamically regulated during lung alveolarization and that alveolarization is blunted in Cbs(-/-) and Cth(-/-) mouse pups, where a 50% reduction in the total number of alveoli was observed, without any impact on septal thickness. Laser-capture microdissection and immunofluorescence staining indicated that Cbs and Cth were expressed in the airway epithelium and lung vessels. Loss of Cbs and Cth led to a 100-500% increase in the muscularization of small- and medium-sized lung vessels, which was accompanied by increased vessel wall thickness, and an apparent decrease in lung vascular supply. Ablation of Cbs expression using small interfering RNA or pharmacological inhibition of Cth using propargylglycine in lung endothelial cells limited angiogenic capacity, causing a 30-40% decrease in tube length and a 50% decrease in number of tubes formed. In contrast, exogenous administration of H2S with GYY4137 promoted endothelial tube formation. These data confirm a key role for the H2S-generating enzymes Cbs and Cth in pulmonary vascular development and homeostasis and in lung alveolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Madurga
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Anita Golec
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Pozarska
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Isao Ishii
- Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ivana Mižíková
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Claudio Nardiello
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - István Vadász
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Reichenberger
- Department of Pulmonology, Asklepios Lung Centre, Munich-Gauting, Germany; and
| | - Heinz Fehrenbach
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany;
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Hatziefthimiou A, Stamatiou R. Role of hydrogen sulphide in airways. World J Respirol 2015; 5:152-159. [DOI: 10.5320/wjr.v5.i2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been known for a long time, as it is prevalent in the atmosphere. However accumulative data suggest that H2S is also endogenously produced in mammals, including man, and is the third important gas signaling molecule, besides nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. H2S can be produced via non enzymatic pathways, but is mainly synthesized from L-cysteine by the enzymes cystathionine-γ-lyase, cystathionine-β-synthetase, cysteine amino transferase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MTS). The formation of H2S from D-cysteine via the enzyme D-amino acid oxidase and 3MTS has also been described. Endogenous H2S not only participates in the regulation of physiological functions of the respiratory system, but also seems to contribute to the pathophysiology of airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as in inflammation, suggesting its possible use as a biomarker for these diseases. This review summarizes the different implications of hydrogen sulfide in the physiology of airways and the pathophysiology of airway diseases.
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Mohamed MSA. Antioxidants and K+ channel agonists versus hydrogen therapy during ex vivo lung perfusion†. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 49:357. [PMID: 26012504 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S A Mohamed
- Thoracic Transplantation Department, University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
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Hydrogen Sulfide: A Therapeutic Candidate for Fibrotic Disease? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:458720. [PMID: 26078807 PMCID: PMC4442291 DOI: 10.1155/2015/458720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases including chronic kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic disease account for 45% mortality in the developed countries and pose a great threat to the global health. Many great targets and molecules have been reported to be involved in the initiation and/or progression of fibrosis, among which inflammation and oxidative stress are well-recognized modulation targets. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the third gasotransmitter with potent properties in inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress in various organs. Recent evidence suggests that plasma H2S level is decreased in various animal models of fibrotic diseases and supplement of exogenous H2S is able to ameliorate fibrosis in the kidney, lung, liver, and heart. This leads us to propose that modulation of H2S production may represent a promising therapeutic venue for the treatment of a variety of fibrotic diseases. Here, we summarize and discuss the current data on the role and underlying mechanisms of H2S in fibrosis diseases related to heart, liver, kidney, and other organs.
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41
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Ha C, Tian S, Sun K, Wang D, Lv J, Wang Y. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates IL-1β-induced inflammatory signaling and dysfunction of osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1657-66. [PMID: 25872797 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines are crucial factors in the onset of osteoarthritis (OA). The pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), is capable of stimulating a few cartilage degradation mediators and is of importance to the pathogenesis of OA. It has been demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exerts an inhibitory effect on inflammation. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of H2S in OA. For this purpose, an in vitro model of cartilage inflammation was created. Human OA chondrocytes were cultured and pre-treated with H2S (0.06-1.5 mM) with or without IL-1β (10 ng/ml) and then Griess reagent was used to quantify the production of nitric oxide (NO). Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we quantified the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13). In addition, we determined the gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and MMP-13 using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the expression of signaling molecules related to mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by western blot analysis. Our results revealed that H2S markedly reversed the effects of IL-1β on the gene expression of COX-2, MMP-13 and iNOS and on the production of MMP-13, PGE2 and NO. In addition, H2S inhibited the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/IκBα/NF-κB pathway which was induced by IL-1β. On the whole, the results of the present study suggest that H2S exerts chondroprotective effects. Thus, H2S may have potential for use in the treatment of patients suffering from OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Ha
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqi Tian
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Jiangtao Lv
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhe Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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Zhang P, Li F, Wiegman CH, Zhang M, Hong Y, Gong J, Chang Y, Zhang JJ, Adcock I, Chung KF, Zhou X. Inhibitory effect of hydrogen sulfide on ozone-induced airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:129-37. [PMID: 25010831 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0415oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ozone has been associated with airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The goal of this study was to examine whether these adverse effects of ozone could be prevented or reversed by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a reducing agent. The H2S donor sodium (NaHS) (2 mg/kg) or vehicle (PBS) was intraperitoneally injected into mice 1 hour before and after 3-hour ozone (2.5 ppm) or air exposure, and the mice were studied 24 hours later. Preventive and therapeutic treatment with NaHS reduced the ozone-induced increases in the total cells, including neutrophils and macrophages; this treatment also reduced levels of cytokines, including TNF-α, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, IL-6, and IL-1β levels in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid; inhibited bronchial hyperresponsiveness; and attenuated ozone-induced increases in total malondialdehyde in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and decreases in the ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione in the lung. Ozone exposure led to decreases in the H2S production rate and in mRNA and protein levels of cystathionine-β-synthetase and cystathionine-γ-lyase in the lung. These effects were prevented and reversed by NaHS treatment. Furthermore, NaHS prevented and reversed the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and heat shock protein 27. H2S may have preventive and therapeutic value in the treatment of airway diseases that have an oxidative stress basis.
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Perry MM, Durham AL, Austin PJ, Adcock IM, Chung KF. BET bromodomains regulate transforming growth factor-β-induced proliferation and cytokine release in asthmatic airway smooth muscle. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9111-21. [PMID: 25697361 PMCID: PMC4423696 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is increased in asthma, and ASM cells from patients with asthma are hyperproliferative and release more IL-6 and CXCL8. The BET (bromo- and extra-terminal) family of proteins (Brd2, Brd3, and Brd4) govern the assembly of histone acetylation-dependent chromatin complexes. We have examined whether they modulate proliferation and cytokine expression in asthmatic ASM cells by studying the effect of BET bromodomain mimics JQ1/SGCBD01 and I-BET762. ASM cells from healthy individuals and nonsevere and severe asthmatics were pretreated with JQ1/SGCBD01 and I-BET762 prior to stimulation with FCS and TGF-β. Proliferation was measured by BrdU incorporation. IL-6 and CXCL8 release was measured by ELISA, and mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. ChIP using a specific anti-Brd4 antibody and PCR primers directed against the transcriptional start site of IL-6 and CXCL8 gene promoters was performed. Neither JQ1/SGCBD01 nor I-BET762 had any effect on ASM cell viability. JQ1/SGCBD01 and I-BET762 inhibited FCS+TGF-β-induced ASM cell proliferation and IL-6 and CXCL8 release in healthy individuals (≥ 30 nm) and in nonsevere and severe asthma patients (≥100 nm), with the latter requiring higher concentrations of these mimics. JQ1/SGCBD01 reduced Brd4 binding to IL8 and IL6 promoters induced by FCS+TGF-β. Mimics of BET bromodomains inhibit aberrant ASM cell proliferation and inflammation with lesser efficiency in those from asthmatic patients. They may be effective in reducing airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Perry
- From the Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L Durham
- From the Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Austin
- From the Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- From the Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- From the Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as the so called "third gasotransmitter" taking its place alongside nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. In recent years, H2S has been reported to exhibit a diverse range of pharmacological effects in biological systems. Much of this evidence is derived from a combination of conventional pharmacological and genetic approaches coupled with the use of chemical compounds such as sodium hydrosulfide, a rapid H2S releasing donor. Developments in the design of new drug entities which attempt to take into account physicochemical properties, targeting to specific cellular organelles, triggering of H2S release upon specific chemical reactions in the cell, and controlling the release of H2S over extended periods of time have been described. For most of these molecules, little or no work has been conducted to determine their biological activity or possible therapeutic effects. It is therefore not clear whether such molecules have therapeutic potential which highlights the need for further in vivo studies. One exception to the general rule is GYY4137 (morpholin-4-ium 4-methoxyphenyl(morpholino) phosphinodithioate), a slow releasing H2S donor, which has been evaluated for activity in a range of pharmacological models both in vitro and in vivo. GYY4137 was first reported to release H2S and exhibit vasodilator activity over 5 years ago and, to date, GYY4137 is becoming increasingly employed as a pharmacological "tool" to explore the biological functions of H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rose
- University of Lincoln, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
| | - Brian W Dymock
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip K Moore
- Neurobiology Program, Life Science Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Whiteman M, Perry A, Zhou Z, Bucci M, Papapetropoulos A, Cirino G, Wood ME. Phosphinodithioate and Phosphoramidodithioate Hydrogen Sulfide Donors. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 230:337-363. [PMID: 26162843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18144-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is rapidly emerging as a key physiological mediator and potential therapeutic tool in numerous areas such as acute and chronic inflammation, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity and cancer. However, the vast majority of the published studies have employed crude sulfide salts such as sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) and sodium sulfide (Na2S) as H2S "donors" to generate H2S. Although these salts are cheap, readily available and easy to use, H2S generated from them occurs as an instantaneous and pH-dependent dissociation, whereas endogenous H2S synthesis from the enzymes cystathionine γ-lyase, cystathionine-β-synthase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase is a slow and sustained process. Furthermore, sulfide salts are frequently used at concentrations (e.g. 100 μM to 10 mM) far in excess of the levels of H2S reported in vivo (nM to low μM). For the therapeutic potential of H2S is to be properly harnessed, pharmacological agents which generate H2S in a physiological manner and deliver physiologically relevant concentrations are needed. The phosphorodithioate GYY4137 has been proposed as "slow-release" H2S donors and has shown promising efficacy in cellular and animal model diseases such as hypertension, sepsis, atherosclerosis, neonatal lung injury and cancer. However, H2S generation from GYY4137 is inefficient necessitating its use at high concentrations/doses. However, structural modification of the phosphorodithioate core has led to compounds (e.g. AP67 and AP105) with accelerated rates of H2S generation and enhanced biological activity. In this review, the therapeutic potential and limitations of GYY4137 and related phosphorodithioate derivatives are discussed.
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46
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Yuan S, Patel RP, Kevil CG. Working with nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in biological systems. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L403-15. [PMID: 25550314 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00327.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are gasotransmitter molecules important in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Although these molecules were first known as environmental toxicants, it is now evident that that they are intricately involved in diverse cellular functions with impact on numerous physiological and pathogenic processes. NO and H2S share some common characteristics but also have unique chemical properties that suggest potential complementary interactions between the two in affecting cellular biochemistry and metabolism. Central among these is the interactions between NO, H2S, and thiols that constitute new ways to regulate protein function, signaling, and cellular responses. In this review, we discuss fundamental biochemical principals, molecular functions, measurement methods, and the pathophysiological relevance of NO and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana; and
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana; and
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Zhang J, Wang X, Chen Y, Yao W. Correlation between levels of exhaled hydrogen sulfide and airway inflammatory phenotype in patients with chronic persistent asthma. Respirology 2014; 19:1165-9. [PMID: 25168466 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) may be a biomarker of asthma severity and activity. However, the relationship between exhaled H2 S and airway inflammation phenotypes in asthma remains unclear. This study examined associations between endogenous H2 S and chronic airway inflammatory phenotypes in patients with chronic persistent asthma. METHODS One hundred forty-eight patients (47 males, 101 females, 47.4 ± 15.3 years old) with chronic persistent asthma were enrolled. Induced sputum cells were examined, and patients were grouped according to sputum inflammatory cell composition. Baseline demographics, Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores, spirometry data and H₂S levels in exhaled air and plasma were obtained for all patients. RESULTS The eosinophilic, neutrophilic, mixed granulocytic and paucigranulocytic inflammation groups included 57 (38.5%), 28 (18.9%), 23 (15.5%) and 40 (27%) subjects, respectively. The paucigranulocytic group had the best lung function, and patients with eosinophilic inflammation had lower ACT scores than patients with paucigranulocytic findings. In the eosinophilic group, lower exhaled H₂S were found and exhaled H2 S levels were negatively correlated with sputum eosinophil counts (R = -0.428, P < 0.01). Exhaled H2 S levels were positively correlated with percent of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (R = 0.567, P < 0.01) and ACT score (R = 0.519, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Exhaled H2 S may be a useful marker of airway inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Saito J, Mackay AJ, Rossios C, Gibeon D, Macedo P, Sinharay R, Bhavsar PK, Wedzicha JA, Chung KF. Sputum-to-serum hydrogen sulfide ratio in COPD. Thorax 2014; 69:903-9. [PMID: 25035127 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a gas produced by respiratory cells including smooth muscle cells and may play a role as a cellular gasotransmitter. We evaluated whether H₂S levels in serum or sputum could represent a new biomarker of COPD in a cross-sectional study. METHODS H₂S levels in sputum and serum samples were measured using a sulfide-sensitive electrode in 64 patients with stable COPD (S-COPD), 29 COPD subjects during acute exacerbation (AE-COPD), 14 healthy smokers and 21 healthy non-smokers. RESULTS Sputum H₂S levels in AE-COPD subjects were higher than those in S-COPD, healthy smoking and non-smoking subjects (p<0.001), but serum H₂S levels in AE-COPD were lower than those in S-COPD (p<0.001). Thus, the sputum-to-serum ratio of H₂S (H₂S ratio) in AE-COPD subjects were higher than those in stable COPD, healthy smoking and non-smoking subjects (p<0.001). In 14 COPD subjects whose H₂S ratios were measured during and after an exacerbation, the mean ratio was increased during exacerbation (p<0.05). H₂S ratio was positively correlated with St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire score, sputum neutrophils and IL-6 and IL-8 levels in sputum and serum (p<0.01) but inversely correlated with sputum macrophages (%), FEV₁%predicted and FEV₁/FVC (p<0.01). The cut-off level of H₂S ratio to indicate an exacerbation was ≥0.44 (sensitivity of 93.1% and specificity of 84.5%). CONCLUSIONS The ratio of sputum-to-serum levels of H₂S may provide a useful marker of COPD indicative of obstructive neutrophilic inflammation and of potential ongoing exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Saito
- Section of Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Alex J Mackay
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Christos Rossios
- Section of Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Gibeon
- Section of Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia Macedo
- Section of Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rudy Sinharay
- Section of Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pankaj K Bhavsar
- Section of Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jadwiga A Wedzicha
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Section of Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK
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49
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Homocysteine in renovascular complications: hydrogen sulfide is a modulator and plausible anaerobic ATP generator. Nitric Oxide 2014; 41:27-37. [PMID: 24963795 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a non-protein amino acid derived from dietary methionine. High levels of Hcy, known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is known to cause vascular complications. In the mammalian tissue, Hcy is metabolized by transsulfuration enzymes to produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S, a pungent smelling gas was previously known for its toxic effects in the central nervous system, recent studies however has revealed protective effects in a variety of diseases including hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and renal disease progression and failure. Interestingly, under stress conditions including hypoxia, H2S can reduce metabolic demand and also act as a substrate for ATP production. This review highlights some of the recent advances in H2S research as a potential therapeutic agent targeting renovascular diseases associated with HHcy.
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Perry MM, Tsitsiou E, Austin PJ, Lindsay MA, Gibeon DS, Adcock IM, Chung KF. Role of non-coding RNAs in maintaining primary airway smooth muscle cells. Respir Res 2014; 15:58. [PMID: 24886442 PMCID: PMC4039655 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell maintains its own proliferative rate and contributes to the inflammatory response in the airways, effects that are inhibited by corticosteroids, used in the treatment of airways diseases. Objective We determined the differential expression of mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNA species (lncRNAs) in primary ASM cells following treatment with a corticosteroid, dexamethasone, and fetal calf serum (FCS). Methods mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA expression was measured by microarray and quantitative real-time PCR. Results A small number of miRNAs (including miR-150, −371-5p, −718, −940, −1181, −1207-5p, −1915, and −3663-3p) were decreased following exposure to dexamethasone and FCS. The mRNA targets of these miRNAs were increased in expression. The changes in mRNA expression were associated with regulation of ASM actin cytoskeleton. We also observed changes in expression of lncRNAs, including natural antisense, pseudogenes, intronic lncRNAs, and intergenic lncRNAs following dexamethasone and FCS. We confirmed the change in expression of three of these, LINC00882, LINC00883, PVT1, and its transcriptional activator, c-MYC. We propose that four of these lincRNAs (RP11-46A10.4, LINC00883, BCYRN1, and LINC00882) act as miRNA ‘sponges’ for 4 miRNAs (miR-150, −371-5p, −940, −1207-5p). Conclusion This in-vitro model of primary ASM cell phenotype was associated with the regulation of several ncRNAs. Their identification allows for in-vitro functional experimentation to establish causality with the primary ASM phenotype, and in airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Perry
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London & Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK.
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