1
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Kornfield J, De La Torre U, Mize E, Drake MG. Illuminating Airway Nerve Structure and Function in Chronic Cough. Lung 2023; 201:499-509. [PMID: 37985513 PMCID: PMC10673771 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Airway nerves regulate vital airway functions including bronchoconstriction, cough, and control of respiration. Dysregulation of airway nerves underlies the development and manifestations of airway diseases such as chronic cough, where sensitization of neural pathways leads to excessive cough triggering. Nerves are heterogeneous in both expression and function. Recent advances in confocal imaging and in targeted genetic manipulation of airway nerves have expanded our ability to visualize neural organization, study neuro-immune interactions, and selectively modulate nerve activation. As a result, we have an unprecedented ability to quantitatively assess neural remodeling and its role in the development of airway disease. This review highlights our existing understanding of neural heterogeneity and how advances in methodology have illuminated airway nerve morphology and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kornfield
- OHSU Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code UHN67, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ubaldo De La Torre
- OHSU Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code UHN67, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Emily Mize
- OHSU Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code UHN67, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Matthew G Drake
- OHSU Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code UHN67, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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2
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Calco GN, Alharithi YJ, Williams KR, Jacoby DB, Fryer AD, Maloyan A, Nie Z. Maternal high-fat diet increases airway sensory innervation and reflex bronchoconstriction in adult offspring. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L66-L73. [PMID: 37280517 PMCID: PMC10390047 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00115.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Children born to obese mothers are prone to develop asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness, but the mechanisms behind this are unclear. Here we developed a mouse model of maternal diet-induced obesity that recapitulates metabolic abnormalities seen in humans born to obese mothers. Offspring of dams fed a high-fat diet (HFD) showed increased adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance at 16 wk of age despite being fed only a regular diet (RD). Bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled 5-hydroxytriptamine was also significantly increased in offspring of HFD-fed versus RD-fed dams. Increased bronchoconstriction was blocked by vagotomy, indicating this reflex was mediated by airway nerves. Three-dimensional (3-D) confocal imaging of tracheas collected from 16-wk-old offspring showed that both epithelial sensory innervation and substance P expression were increased in the offspring of HFD-fed dams compared with offspring of RD-fed dams. For the first time, we show that maternal high-fat diet increases airway sensory innervation in offspring, leading to reflex airway hyperresponsiveness.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study reveals a novel potential mechanism, by which maternal high-fat diet increases the risk and severity of asthma in offspring. We found that exposure to maternal high-fat diet in mice leads to hyperinnervation of airway sensory nerves and increased reflex bronchoconstriction in offspring fed a regular diet only. These findings have important clinical implications and provide new insights into the pathophysiology of asthma, highlighting the need for preventive strategies in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina N Calco
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Yem J Alharithi
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Kayla R Williams
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - David B Jacoby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Allison D Fryer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Alina Maloyan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Zhenying Nie
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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3
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Savchuk S, Gentry K, Wang W, Carleton E, Yalçın B, Liu Y, Pavarino EC, LaBelle J, Toland AM, Woo PJ, Qu F, Filbin MG, Krasnow MA, Sabatini BL, Sage J, Monje M, Venkatesh HS. Neuronal-Activity Dependent Mechanisms of Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.19.524430. [PMID: 36711554 PMCID: PMC9882339 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neural activity is increasingly recognized as a critical regulator of cancer growth. In the brain, neuronal activity robustly influences glioma growth both through paracrine mechanisms and through electrochemical integration of malignant cells into neural circuitry via neuron-to-glioma synapses, while perisynaptic neurotransmitter signaling drives breast cancer brain metastasis growth. Outside of the CNS, innervation of tumors such as prostate, breast, pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancers by peripheral nerves similarly regulates cancer progression. However, the extent to which the nervous system regulates lung cancer progression, either in the lung or when metastatic to brain, is largely unexplored. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a lethal high-grade neuroendocrine tumor that exhibits a strong propensity to metastasize to the brain. Here we demonstrate that, similar to glioma, metastatic SCLC cells in the brain co-opt neuronal activity-regulated mechanisms to stimulate growth and progression. Optogenetic stimulation of cortical neuronal activity drives proliferation and invasion of SCLC brain metastases. In the brain, SCLC cells exhibit electrical currents and consequent calcium transients in response to neuronal activity, and direct SCLC cell membrane depolarization is sufficient to promote the growth of SCLC tumors. In the lung, vagus nerve transection markedly inhibits primary lung tumor formation, progression and metastasis, highlighting a critical role for innervation in overall SCLC initiation and progression. Taken together, these studies illustrate that neuronal activity plays a crucial role in dictating SCLC pathogenesis in both primary and metastatic sites.
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4
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Bucharskaya AB, Yanina IY, Atsigeida SV, Genin VD, Lazareva EN, Navolokin NA, Dyachenko PA, Tuchina DK, Tuchina ES, Genina EA, Kistenev YV, Tuchin VV. Optical clearing and testing of lung tissue using inhalation aerosols: prospects for monitoring the action of viral infections. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:1005-1022. [PMID: 36042751 PMCID: PMC9415257 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical clearing of the lung tissue aims to make it more transparent to light by minimizing light scattering, thus allowing reconstruction of the three-dimensional structure of the tissue with a much better resolution. This is of great importance for monitoring of viral infection impact on the alveolar structure of the tissue and oxygen transport. Optical clearing agents (OCAs) can provide not only lesser light scattering of tissue components but also may influence the molecular transport function of the alveolar membrane. Air-filled lungs present significant challenges for optical imaging including optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal and two-photon microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, because of the large refractive-index mismatch between alveoli walls and the enclosed air-filled region. During OCT imaging, the light is strongly backscattered at each air–tissue interface, such that image reconstruction is typically limited to a single alveolus. At the same time, the filling of these cavities with an OCA, to which water (physiological solution) can also be attributed since its refractive index is much higher than that of air will lead to much better tissue optical transmittance. This review presents general principles and advances in the field of tissue optical clearing (TOC) technology, OCA delivery mechanisms in lung tissue, studies of the impact of microbial and viral infections on tissue response, and antimicrobial and antiviral photodynamic therapies using methylene blue (MB) and indocyanine green (ICG) dyes as photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla B. Bucharskaya
- Centre of Collective Use, Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, 112 B. Kazach’ya, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Irina Yu. Yanina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Sofia V. Atsigeida
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Vadim D. Genin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Lazareva
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Nikita A. Navolokin
- Centre of Collective Use, Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, 112 B. Kazach’ya, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
| | - Polina A. Dyachenko
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Daria K. Tuchina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Elena S. Tuchina
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
| | - Elina A. Genina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Yury V. Kistenev
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s Av, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRC “Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 24 Rabochaya St, Saratov, 410028 Russia
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, FRC “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Av, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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5
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Shiraishi K, Morrisey EE. It takes a lot of nerve to form the lung alveolus. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1559-1560. [PMID: 35820390 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic nerves innervate the lungs, but how these nerves guide lung development remains unclear. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Zhang et al. reveal that myofibroblasts and developing nerves cross-communicate through neurotrophins and neurotransmitters to drive alveologenesi-and that planar cell polarity signaling is critical to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushige Shiraishi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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6
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Multicolor labeling of airway neurons and analysis of parasympathetic heterogeneity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5006. [PMID: 35322058 PMCID: PMC8943012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report subpopulations of airway parasympathetic neurons expressing substance P, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and tyrosine hydroxylase, highlighting unexplored heterogeneity in this population. These neurotransmitter-specific subpopulations did not form intraganglionic interneurons, but rather, extended outside the ganglia, into the airways, to distant innervation targets. Our experiments demonstrate the utility of multicolor labeling to characterize airway innervation, allowing us to confirm the extensive heterogeneity of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons. These methods will facilitate future investigations of neurophysiology and neural contributions to airway disease.
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7
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Brenna C, Simioni C, Varano G, Conti I, Costanzi E, Melloni M, Neri LM. Optical tissue clearing associated with 3D imaging: application in preclinical and clinical studies. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:497-511. [PMID: 35235045 PMCID: PMC9114043 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the inner morphology of intact tissues is one of the most competitive challenges in modern biology. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, optical tissue clearing (OTC) has provided solutions for volumetric imaging, allowing the microscopic visualization of thick sections of tissue, organoids, up to whole organs and organisms (for example, mouse or rat). Recently, tissue clearing has also been introduced in clinical settings to achieve a more accurate diagnosis with the support of 3D imaging. This review aims to give an overview of the most recent developments in OTC and 3D imaging and to illustrate their role in the field of medical diagnosis, with a specific focus on clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Brenna
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.,Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolina Simioni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA - Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gabriele Varano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Conti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eva Costanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mattia Melloni
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Maria Neri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy. .,LTTA - Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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8
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Su Y, Barr J, Jaquish A, Xu J, Verheyden JM, Sun X. Identification of lung innervating sensory neurons and their target specificity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L50-L63. [PMID: 34755535 PMCID: PMC8721910 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00376.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Known as the gas exchange organ, the lung is also critical for responding to the aerosol environment in part through interaction with the nervous system. The diversity and specificity of lung innervating neurons remain poorly understood. Here, we interrogated the cell body location and molecular signature and projection pattern of lung innervating sensory neurons. Retrograde tracing from the lung coupled with whole tissue clearing highlighted neurons primarily in the vagal ganglia. Centrally, they project specifically to the nucleus of the solitary tract in the brainstem. Peripherally, they enter the lung alongside branching airways. Labeling of nociceptor Trpv1+ versus peptidergic Tac1+ vagal neurons showed shared and distinct terminal morphology and targeting to airway smooth muscles, vasculature including lymphatics, and alveoli. Notably, a small population of vagal neurons that are Calb1+ preferentially innervate pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, a demonstrated airway sensor population. This atlas of lung innervating neurons serves as a foundation for understanding their function in lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Su
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Justinn Barr
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Abigail Jaquish
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Jinhao Xu
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Jamie M. Verheyden
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Xin Sun
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California,2Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California
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9
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Drake MG, Cook M, Fryer AD, Jacoby DB, Scott GD. Airway Sensory Nerve Plasticity in Asthma and Chronic Cough. Front Physiol 2021; 12:720538. [PMID: 34557110 PMCID: PMC8452850 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.720538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway sensory nerves detect a wide variety of chemical and mechanical stimuli, and relay signals to circuits within the brainstem that regulate breathing, cough, and bronchoconstriction. Recent advances in histological methods, single cell PCR analysis and transgenic mouse models have illuminated a remarkable degree of sensory nerve heterogeneity and have enabled an unprecedented ability to test the functional role of specific neuronal populations in healthy and diseased lungs. This review focuses on how neuronal plasticity contributes to development of two of the most common airway diseases, asthma and chronic cough, and discusses the therapeutic implications of emerging treatments that target airway sensory nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Drake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Madeline Cook
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Allison D. Fryer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - David B. Jacoby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gregory D. Scott
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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10
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Cazzola M, Calzetta L, Matera MG. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists and small airways in asthma: Which link? Allergy 2021; 76:1990-2001. [PMID: 33559139 DOI: 10.1111/all.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of small airways, those of <2 mm in internal diameter, is present in all stages of asthma and contributes substantially to its pathophysiologic expression. Therefore, small airways are a potential target to achieve optimal asthma control. Airway tone, which is increased in asthma, is mainly controlled by the vagus nerve that releases acetylcholine (ACh) and activates muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs) post-synaptically on airway smooth muscle (ASM). In small airways, M3 mAChRs are expressed, but there is no vagal innervation. Non-neuronal ACh released from the epithelial cells that may express choline acetyltransferase in response to inflammatory stimuli, as well as from other structural cells in the airways, including fibroblasts and mast cells, can activate mAChRs. By antagonizing M3 mAChR, the contraction of the ASM is prevented and, potentially, local inflammation can be reduced and the progression of remodeling may be averted. In fact, ACh also contributes to inflammation and remodeling of the airways and regulates the growth of ASM. Several experimental studies have demonstrated the potential benefit derived from the use of mAChR antagonists, mainly long-acting mAChR antagonists (LAMAs), on small airways in asthma. However, there are several confounding factors that may cause a wrong estimation of the relationship between LAMAs and small airways in asthma. Further studies are needed to differentiate broncholytic and anti-inflammatory effects of LAMAs and to better understand the interaction between LAMAs and corticosteroids, also in the context of a triple therapy that includes a β2 -AR agonist, at different levels of the bronchial tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma Parma Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Naples Italy
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11
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Yu T, Li D, Zhu D. Tissue Optical Clearing for Biomedical Imaging: From In Vitro to In Vivo. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 3233:217-255. [PMID: 34053030 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-7627-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue optical clearing technique provides a prospective solution for the application of advanced optical methods in life sciences. This chapter firstly gives a brief introduction to mechanisms of tissue optical clearing techniques, from the physical mechanism to chemical mechanism, which is the most important foundation to develop tissue optical clearing methods. During the past years, in vitro and in vivo tissue optical clearing methods were developed. In vitro tissue optical clearing techniques, including the solvent-based clearing methods and the hydrophilic reagents-based clearing methods, combined with labeling technique and advanced microscopy, can be applied to image 3D microstructure of tissue blocks or whole organs such as brain and spinal cord with high resolution. In vivo skin or skull optical clearing, promise various optical imaging techniques to detect cutaneous or cortical cell and vascular structure and function without surgical window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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12
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Jiang X, Zhang J, Zhou L, Luo J, Wang J, Li L, Chen S. Sympathetic innervation of canine pulmonary artery and morphometric and functional analysis in dehydromonocrotaline-induced models after pulmonary artery denervation. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021; 31:708-717. [PMID: 33057705 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivaa166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe the anatomic distribution of periarterial pulmonary sympathetic nerves and to observe the long-term morphometric and functional changes after pulmonary artery denervation (PADN), a novel therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). METHODS A total of 45 beagles were divided into a sympathetic innervation group (n = 3, 33.3% were females), a PAH group (n = 35, 34.3% were females) and a control group (n = 7, 28.5% were females). The PAH group was randomly divided into no-PADN (n = 7), instant-PADN (n = 7), 1M-PADN (n = 7), 2M-PADN (n = 7) and 3M-PADN (n = 7) subgroups. The sympathetic innervation group was sacrificed to reveal the sympathetic innervation of pulmonary arteries. PAH was induced by injecting dehydromonocrotaline (DHMCT) through the right atrium. The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular mean pressure, pulmonary artery systolic pressure and pulmonary artery mean pressure of each group were continuously measured. The cardiac output was detected to calculate the pulmonary vascular resistance. PAH and control groups were subjected to immunofluorescence assay, sympathetic nerve conduction velocity measurement and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS The no-PADN group had significantly higher PVSP, PVMP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, pulmonary artery mean pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance but lower cardiac output than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Instant-PADN, 1M-PADN, 2M-PADN and 3M-PADN groups had significantly lower PVSP, PVMP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, pulmonary artery mean pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance but higher cardiac output than those of the no-PADN group (P < 0.05). Most sympathetic nerves were located within 2.5 mm of the intimae of the bifurcation and proximal trunk, mainly in the left trunk. The diameter and cross-sectional area of myelinated fibres in the PAH group were significantly larger than those of the control group. Sympathetic nerve conduction velocity of the PAH group gradually decreased, and nerve fibres were almost demyelinated 3 months after PADN. CONCLUSIONS PADN effectively relieved dehydromonocrotaline-induced canine PAH and decreased sympathetic nerve conduction velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Abstract
Advanced optical methods combined with various probes pave the way toward molecular imaging within living cells. However, major challenges are associated with the need to enhance the imaging resolution even further to the subcellular level for the imaging of larger tissues, as well as for in vivo studies. High scattering and absorption of opaque tissues limit the penetration of light into deep tissues and thus the optical imaging depth. Tissue optical clearing technique provides an innovative way to perform deep-tissue imaging. Recently, various optical clearing methods have been developed, which provide tissue clearing based on similar physical principles via different chemical approaches. Here, we introduce the mechanisms of the current clearing methods from fundamental physical and chemical perspectives, including the main physical principle, refractive index matching via various chemical approaches, such as dissociation of collagen, delipidation, decalcification, dehydration, and hyperhydration, to reduce scattering, as well as decolorization to reduce absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jingtan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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14
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Shapiro CO, Proskocil BJ, Oppegard LJ, Blum ED, Kappel NL, Chang CH, Fryer AD, Jacoby DB, Costello RW, Drake MG. Airway Sensory Nerve Density Is Increased in Chronic Cough. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:348-355. [PMID: 32809840 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201912-2347oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Chronic cough is characterized by frequent urges to cough and a heightened sensitivity to inhaled irritants. Airway sensory nerves trigger cough. We hypothesized that sensory nerve density is increased in chronic cough, which may contribute to excessive and persistent coughing.Objectives: To measure airway nerve density (axonal length) and complexity (nerve branching, neuropeptide expression) in humans with and without chronic cough.Methods: Bronchoscopic human airway biopsies were immunolabeled for nerves and the sensory neuropeptide substance P. Eosinophil peroxidase was also quantified given previous reports showing associations between eosinophils and nerve density. Three-dimensional image z-stacks of epithelium and subepithelium were generated using confocal microscopy, and from these z-stacks, total nerve length, the number of nerve branch points, substance P expression, and eosinophil peroxidase were quantified within each airway compartment.Measurements and Main Results: Nerve length and the number of branch points were significantly increased in epithelium, but not subepithelium, in chronic cough compared with healthy airways. Substance P expression was scarce and was similar in chronic cough and healthy airways. Nerve length and branching were not associated with eosinophil peroxidase nor with demographics such as age and sex in either group.Conclusions: Airway epithelial sensory nerve density is increased in chronic cough, suggesting sensory neuroplasticity contributes to cough hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare O Shapiro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Becky J Proskocil
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Laura J Oppegard
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Emily D Blum
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Nicole L Kappel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Christopher H Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Allison D Fryer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - David B Jacoby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Richard W Costello
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew G Drake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
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15
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Pincus AB, Fryer AD, Jacoby DB. Mini review: Neural mechanisms underlying airway hyperresponsiveness. Neurosci Lett 2021; 751:135795. [PMID: 33667601 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neural changes underly hyperresponsiveness in asthma and other airway diseases. Afferent sensory nerves, nerves within the brainstem, and efferent parasympathetic nerves all contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness. Inflammation plays a critical role in these nerve changes. Chronic inflammation and pre-natal exposures lead to increased airway innervation and structural changes. Acute inflammation leads to shifts in neurotransmitter expression of afferent nerves and dysfunction of M2 muscarinic receptors on efferent nerve endings. Eosinophils and macrophages drive these changes through release of inflammatory mediators. Novel tools, including optogenetics, two photon microscopy, and optical clearing and whole mount microscopy, allow for improved studies of the structure and function of airway nerves and airway hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Pincus
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, BRB 440, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Allison D Fryer
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, BRB 440, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David B Jacoby
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, BRB 440, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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16
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New Look at RSV Infection: Tissue Clearing and 3D Imaging of the Entire Mouse Lung at Cellular Resolution. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020201. [PMID: 33525646 PMCID: PMC7912480 DOI: 10.3390/v13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the major cause of severe acute respiratory tract illness in young children worldwide and a main pathogen for the elderly and immune-compromised people. In the absence of vaccines or effective treatments, a better characterization of the pathogenesis of RSV infection is required. To date, the pathophysiology of the disease and its diagnosis has mostly relied on chest X-ray and genome detection in nasopharyngeal swabs. The development of new imaging approaches is instrumental to further the description of RSV spread, virus-host interactions and related acute respiratory disease, at the level of the entire lung. METHODS By combining tissue clearing, 3D microscopy and image processing, we developed a novel visualization tool of RSV infection in undissected mouse lungs. RESULTS Whole tissue analysis allowed the identification of infected cell subtypes, based on both morphological traits and position within the cellular network. Furthermore, 3D imaging was also valuable to detect the cytoplasmic viral factories, also called inclusion bodies, a hallmark of RSV infection. CONCLUSIONS Whole lung clearing and 3D deep imaging represents an unprecedented visualization method of infected lungs to allow insight into RSV pathophysiology and improve the 2D histology analyses.
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17
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Three-Dimensional Imaging of Pulmonary Fibrotic Foci at the Alveolar Scale Using Tissue-Clearing Treatment with Staining Techniques of Extracellular Matrix. Int J Biomed Imaging 2021; 2020:8815231. [PMID: 33456450 PMCID: PMC7787752 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8815231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive, chronic lung disease characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen and elastin. Imaging of extracellular matrix in fibrotic lungs is important for evaluating its pathological condition as well as the distribution of drugs to pulmonary focus sites and their therapeutic effects. In this study, we compared techniques of staining the extracellular matrix with optical tissue-clearing treatment for developing three-dimensional imaging methods for focus sites in pulmonary fibrosis. Mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis were prepared via the intrapulmonary administration of bleomycin. Fluorescent-labeled tomato lectin, collagen I antibody, and Col-F, which is a fluorescent probe for collagen and elastin, were used to compare the imaging of fibrotic foci in intact fibrotic lungs. These lung samples were cleared using the ClearT2 tissue-clearing technique. The cleared lungs were two dimensionally observed using laser-scanning confocal microscopy, and the images were compared with those of the lung tissue sections. Moreover, three-dimensional images were reconstructed from serial two-dimensional images. Fluorescent-labeled tomato lectin did not enable the visualization of fibrotic foci in cleared fibrotic lungs. Although collagen I in fibrotic lungs could be visualized via immunofluorescence staining, collagen I was clearly visible only until 40 μm from the lung surface. Col-F staining facilitated the visualization of collagen and elastin to a depth of 120 μm in cleared lung tissues. Furthermore, we visualized the three-dimensional extracellular matrix in cleared fibrotic lungs using Col-F, and the images provided better visualization than immunofluorescence staining. These results suggest that ClearT2 tissue-clearing treatment combined with Col-F staining represents a simple and rapid technique for imaging fibrotic foci in intact fibrotic lungs. This study provides important information for imaging various organs with extracellular matrix-related diseases.
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18
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Taylor-Clark TE. Molecular identity, anatomy, gene expression and function of neural crest vs. placode-derived nociceptors in the lower airways. Neurosci Lett 2020; 742:135505. [PMID: 33197519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lower airways (larynx to alveoli) are protected by a complex array of neural networks that regulate respiration and airway function. Harmful stimuli trigger defensive responses such as apnea, cough and bronchospasm by activating a subpopulation of sensory afferent nerves (termed nociceptors) which are found throughout the airways. Airway nociceptive fibers are projected from the nodose vagal ganglia, the jugular vagal ganglia and the dorsal root ganglia, which are derived from distinct embryological sources: the former from the epibranchial placodes, the latter two from the neural crest. Embryological source determines nociceptive gene expression of receptors and neurotransmitters and recent evidence suggests that placode- and neural crest-derived nociceptors have distinct stimuli sensitivity, innervation patterns and functions. Improved understanding of the function of each subset in specific reflexes has substantial implications for therapeutic targeting of the neuronal components of airway disease such as asthma, viral infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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19
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Gómez-Gaviro MV, Sanderson D, Ripoll J, Desco M. Biomedical Applications of Tissue Clearing and Three-Dimensional Imaging in Health and Disease. iScience 2020; 23:101432. [PMID: 32805648 PMCID: PMC7452225 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) optical imaging techniques can expand our knowledge about physiological and pathological processes that cannot be fully understood with 2D approaches. Standard diagnostic tests frequently are not sufficient to unequivocally determine the presence of a pathological condition. Whole-organ optical imaging requires tissue transparency, which can be achieved by using tissue clearing procedures enabling deeper image acquisition and therefore making possible the analysis of large-scale biological tissue samples. Here, we review currently available clearing agents, methods, and their application in imaging of physiological or pathological conditions in different animal and human organs. We also compare different optical tissue clearing methods discussing their advantages and disadvantages and review the use of different 3D imaging techniques for the visualization and image acquisition of cleared tissues. The use of optical tissue clearing resources for large-scale biological tissues 3D imaging paves the way for future applications in translational and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Gómez-Gaviro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Sanderson
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Ripoll
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Lebold KM, Drake MG, Hales-Beck LB, Fryer AD, Jacoby DB. IL-5 Exposure In Utero Increases Lung Nerve Density and Airway Reactivity in Adult Offspring. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:493-502. [PMID: 31821769 PMCID: PMC7110978 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0214oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airway hyperreactivity and inflammation. In the lungs, parasympathetic and sensory nerves control airway tone and induce bronchoconstriction. Dysregulation of these nerves results in airway hyperreactivity. Humans with eosinophilic asthma have significantly increased sensory nerve density in airway epithelium, suggesting that type 2 cytokines and inflammatory cells promote nerve growth. Similarly, mice with congenital airway eosinophilia also have airway hyperreactivity and increased airway sensory nerve density. Here, we tested whether this occurs during development. We show that transgenic mice that overexpress IL-5, a cytokine required for eosinophil hematopoiesis, give birth to wild-type offspring that have significantly increased airway epithelial nerve density and airway hyperreactivity that persists into adulthood. These effects are caused by in utero exposure to maternal IL-5 and resulting fetal eosinophilia. Allergen exposure of these adult wild-type offspring results in severe airway hyperreactivity, leading to fatal reflex bronchoconstriction. Our results demonstrate that fetal exposure to IL-5 is a developmental origin of airway hyperreactivity, mediated by hyperinnervation of airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Lebold
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Matthew G Drake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lauren B Hales-Beck
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Allison D Fryer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David B Jacoby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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21
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Bogorodskiy AO, Bolkhovitina EL, Gensch T, Troyanova NI, Mishin AV, Okhrimenko IS, Braun A, Spies E, Gordeliy VI, Sapozhnikov AM, Borshchevskiy VI, Shevchenko MA. Murine Intraepithelial Dendritic Cells Interact With Phagocytic Cells During Aspergillus fumigatus-Induced Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:298. [PMID: 32161590 PMCID: PMC7053491 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
People are constantly exposed to airborne fungal spores, including Aspergillus fumigatus conidia that can cause life-threatening conditions in immunocompromised patients or acute exacerbations in allergics. However, immunocompetent hosts do not exhibit mycoses or systemic inflammation, due to the sufficient but not excessive antifungal immune response that prevent fungal invasion. Intraepithelial dendritic cells (IE-DCs) of the conducting airway mucosa are located in the primary site of the inhalant pathogen entry; these cells can sense A. fumigatus conidia and maintain homeostasis. The mechanisms by which IE-DCs contribute to regulating the antifungal immune response and controlling conidia dissemination are not understood. To clarify the role of IE-DCs in the balance between pathogen sensing and immune tolerance we investigated the A. fumigatus conidia distribution in optically cleared mouse lungs and estimated the kinetics of the local phagocytic response during the course of inflammation. MHCII+ antigen-presenting cells, including IE-DCs, and CD11b+ phagocytes were identified by immunohistochemistry and three-dimensional fluorescence confocal laser-scanning microscopy of conducting airway whole-mounts. Application of A. fumigatus conidia increased the number of CD11b+ phagocytes in the conducting airway mucosa and induced the trafficking of these cells through the conducting airway wall to the luminal side of the epithelium. Some CD11b+ phagocytes internalized conidia in the conducting airway lumen. During the migration through the airway wall, CD11b+ phagocytes formed clusters. Permanently located in the airway wall IE-DCs contacted both single CD11b+ phagocytes and clusters. Based on the spatiotemporal characteristics of the interactions between IE-DCs and CD11b+ phagocytes, we provide a novel anatomical rationale for the contribution of IE-DCs to controlling the excessive phagocyte-mediated immune response rather than participating in pathogen uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey O Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Elena L Bolkhovitina
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1: Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Natalia I Troyanova
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ivan S Okhrimenko
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Hanover, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Emma Spies
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Hanover, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Valentin I Gordeliy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexander M Sapozhnikov
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin I Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marina A Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Kaelberer MM, Caceres AI, Jordt SE. Activation of a nerve injury transcriptional signature in airway-innervating sensory neurons after lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L953-L964. [PMID: 32159971 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00403.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs and the immune and nervous systems functionally interact to respond to respiratory environmental exposures and infections. The lungs are innervated by vagal sensory neurons of the jugular and nodose ganglia, fused together in smaller mammals as the jugular-nodose complex (JNC). Whereas the JNC shares properties with the other sensory ganglia, the trigeminal (TG) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG), these sensory structures express differential sets of genes that reflect their unique functionalities. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in mice to identify the differential transcriptomes of the three sensory ganglia types. Using a fluorescent retrograde tracer and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we isolated a defined population of airway-innervating JNC neurons and determined their differential transcriptional map after pulmonary exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major mediator of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after infection with gram-negative bacteria or inhalation of organic dust. JNC neurons activated an injury response program, leading to increased expression of gene products such as the G protein-coupled receptor Cckbr, inducing functional changes in neuronal sensitivity to peptides, and Gpr151, also rapidly induced upon neuropathic nerve injury in pain models. Unique JNC-specific transcripts, present at only minimal levels in TG, DRG, and other organs, were identified. These included TMC3, encoding for a putative mechanosensor, and urotensin 2B, a hypertensive peptide. These findings highlight the unique properties of the JNC and reveal that ALI/ARDS rapidly induces a nerve injury-related state, changing vagal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Isabel Caceres
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sven-Eric Jordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine. Durham, North Carolina.,Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program (ITEHP), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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23
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Abstract
In this study we have utilized an optical clearing method to allow visualization of a heretofore undescribed subpleural acinar structural organization in the mammalian lung. The clearing method enables visualization of the lung structure deep below the visceral pleura in intact inflated lungs. In addition to confirming previous observations that the immediate subpleural alveoli are uniform in appearance, we document for the first time that the subpleural lung parenchyma is much more uniformly organized than the internal parenchyma. Specifically, we report that below the surface layer of alveoli, there is a striking parallel arrangement of alveolar ducts that all run perpendicular to the visceral pleural surface. A three dimensional visualization of alveolar ducts allowed for a calculation of the average inner to outer duct diameter ratio of 0.53 in these subpleural ducts. This unique, self-organizing parallel duct structure likely impacts both elastic recoil and the transmission of tethering forces in healthy and diseased lungs.
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24
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Ueda HR, Ertürk A, Chung K, Gradinaru V, Chédotal A, Tomancak P, Keller PJ. Tissue clearing and its applications in neuroscience. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:61-79. [PMID: 31896771 PMCID: PMC8121164 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
State-of-the-art tissue-clearing methods provide subcellular-level optical access to intact tissues from individual organs and even to some entire mammals. When combined with light-sheet microscopy and automated approaches to image analysis, existing tissue-clearing methods can speed up and may reduce the cost of conventional histology by several orders of magnitude. In addition, tissue-clearing chemistry allows whole-organ antibody labelling, which can be applied even to thick human tissues. By combining the most powerful labelling, clearing, imaging and data-analysis tools, scientists are extracting structural and functional cellular and subcellular information on complex mammalian bodies and large human specimens at an accelerated pace. The rapid generation of terabyte-scale imaging data furthermore creates a high demand for efficient computational approaches that tackle challenges in large-scale data analysis and management. In this Review, we discuss how tissue-clearing methods could provide an unbiased, system-level view of mammalian bodies and human specimens and discuss future opportunities for the use of these methods in human neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki R Ueda
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN BDR, Suita, Japan.
| | - Ali Ertürk
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Kwanghun Chung
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for NanoMedicine, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Pavel Tomancak
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- IT4Innovations, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Philipp J Keller
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
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25
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Kistemaker LEM, Prakash YS. Airway Innervation and Plasticity in Asthma. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 34:283-298. [PMID: 31165683 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00050.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway nerves represent a mechanistically and therapeutically important aspect that requires better highlighting in the context of diseases such as asthma. Altered structure and function (plasticity) of afferent and efferent airway innervation can contribute to airway diseases. We describe established anatomy, current understanding of how plasticity occurs, and contributions of plasticity to asthma, focusing on target-derived growth factors (neurotrophins). Perspectives toward novel treatment strategies and future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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26
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Bauer C, Krueger M, Lamm WJE, Glenny RW, Beichel RR. lapdMouse: associating lung anatomy with local particle deposition in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 128:309-323. [PMID: 31774357 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00615.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To facilitate computational toxicology, we developed an approach for generating high-resolution lung-anatomy and particle-deposition mouse models. Major processing steps of our method include mouse preparation, serial block-face cryomicrotome imaging, and highly automated image analysis for generating three-dimensional (3D) mesh-based models and volume-based models of lung anatomy (airways, lobes, sublobes, and near-acini structures) that are linked to local particle-deposition measurements. Analysis resulted in 34 mouse models covering 4 different mouse strains (B6C3F1: 8, BALB/C: 11, C57Bl/6: 8, and CD-1: 7) as well as both sexes (16 male and 18 female) and different particle sizes [2 μm (n = 15), 1 μm (n = 16), and 0.5 μm (n = 3)]. On average, resulting mouse airway models had 1,616.9 ± 298.1 segments, a centerline length of 597.6 ± 59.8 mm, and 1,968.9 ± 296.3 outlet regions. In addition to 3D geometric lung models, matching detailed relative particle-deposition measurements are provided. All data sets are available online in the lapdMouse archive for download. The presented approach enables linking relative particle deposition to anatomical structures like airways. This will in turn improve the understanding of site-specific airflows and how they affect drug, environmental, or biological aerosol deposition.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Computer simulations of particle deposition in mouse lungs play an important role in computational toxicology. Until now, a limiting factor was the lack of high-resolution mouse lung models and measured local particle-deposition information, which are required for developing accurate modeling approaches (e.g., computational fluid dynamics). With the developed imaging and analysis approach, we address this issue and provide all of the raw and processed data in a publicly accessible repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bauer
- University of Iowa, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Melissa Krueger
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wayne J E Lamm
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robb W Glenny
- Departments of Medicine and of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Reinhard R Beichel
- University of Iowa, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa City, Iowa
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27
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Yang L, Feuchtinger A, Möller W, Ding Y, Kutschke D, Möller G, Schittny JC, Burgstaller G, Hofmann W, Stoeger T, Walch A, Schmid O. Three-Dimensional Quantitative Co-Mapping of Pulmonary Morphology and Nanoparticle Distribution with Cellular Resolution in Nondissected Murine Lungs. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1029-1041. [PMID: 30566327 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering biodistribution, biokinetics, and biological effects of nanoparticles (NPs) in entire organs with cellular resolution remains largely elusive due to the lack of effective imaging tools. Here, light sheet fluorescence microscopy in combination with optical tissue clearing was validated for concomitant three-dimensional mapping of lung morphology and NP biodistribution with cellular resolution in nondissected ex vivo murine lungs. Tissue autofluorescence allowed for label-free, quantitative morphometry of the entire bronchial tree, acinar structure, and blood vessels. Co-registration of fluorescent NPs with lung morphology revealed significant differences in pulmonary NP distribution depending on the means of application (intratracheal instillation and ventilator-assisted aerosol inhalation under anesthetized conditions). Inhalation exhibited a more homogeneous NP distribution in conducting airways and acini indicated by a central-to-peripheral (C/P) NP deposition ratio of unity (0.98 ± 0.13) as compared to a 2-fold enhanced central deposition (C/P = 1.98 ± 0.37) for instillation. After inhalation most NPs were observed in the proximal part of the acini as predicted by computational fluid dynamics simulations. At cellular resolution patchy NP deposition was visualized in bronchioles and acini, but more pronounced for instillation. Excellent linearity of the fluorescence intensity-dose response curve allowed for accurate NP dosimetry and revealed ca. 5% of the inhaled aerosol was deposited in the lungs. This single-modality imaging technique allows for quantitative co-registration of tissue architecture and NP biodistribution, which could accelerate elucidation of NP biokinetics and bioactivity within intact tissues, facilitating both nanotoxicology studies and the development of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M) , Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , 81377 , Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease , Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , 85764 , Germany
- Faculty of Medicine , Technical University of Munich , Munich , 80333 , Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , Neuherberg , 85764 , Germany
| | - Winfried Möller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M) , Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , 81377 , Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease , Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , 85764 , Germany
| | - Yaobo Ding
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M) , Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , 81377 , Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease , Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , 85764 , Germany
| | - David Kutschke
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M) , Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , 81377 , Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease , Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , 85764 , Germany
| | - Gabriele Möller
- Department Genome Analysis Center , Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Neuherberg , 85764 , Germany
| | | | - Gerald Burgstaller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M) , Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , 81377 , Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease , Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , 85764 , Germany
| | - Werner Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , A-5020 , Austria
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M) , Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , 81377 , Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease , Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , 85764 , Germany
| | - Alex Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , Neuherberg , 85764 , Germany
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M) , Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , 81377 , Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease , Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , 85764 , Germany
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28
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Verhoef EI, van Cappellen WA, Slotman JA, Kremers GJ, Ewing-Graham PC, Houtsmuller AB, van Royen ME, van Leenders GJLH. Three-dimensional analysis reveals two major architectural subgroups of prostate cancer growth patterns. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1032-1041. [PMID: 30737469 PMCID: PMC6760644 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Gleason score is one of the most important parameters for therapeutic decision-making in prostate cancer patients. Gleason growth patterns are defined by their histological features on 4- to 5-µm cross sections, and little is known about their three-dimensional architecture. Our objective was to characterize the three-dimensional architecture of prostate cancer growth patterns. Intact tissue punches (n = 46) of representative Gleason growth patterns from radical prostatectomy specimens were fluorescently stained with antibodies targeting Keratin 8/18 and Keratin 5 for the detection of luminal and basal epithelial cells, respectively. Punches were optically cleared in benzyl alcohol-benzyl benzoate and imaged using a confocal laser scanning microscope up to a depth of 500 µm. Gleason pattern 3, poorly formed pattern 4, and cords pattern 5 all formed a continuum of interconnecting tubules in which the diameter of the structures and the lumen size decreased with higher grades. In fused pattern 4, the interconnections between the tubules were markedly closer together. In these patterns, all tumor cells were in direct contact with the surrounding stroma. In contrast, cribriform Gleason pattern 4 and solid pattern 5 demonstrated a three-dimensional continuum of contiguous tumor cells, in which the vast majority of cells had no contact with the surrounding stroma. Transitions between cribriform pattern 4 and solid pattern 5 were seen. There was a decrease in the number and size of intercellular lumens from cribriform to solid growth pattern. Glomeruloid pattern 4 formed an intermediate structure consisting of a tubular network with intraluminal epithelial protrusions close to the tubule splitting points. In conclusion, three-dimensional microscopy revealed two major architectural subgroups of prostate cancer growth patterns: (1) a tubular interconnecting network including Gleason pattern 3, poorly formed and fused Gleason pattern 4, and cords Gleason pattern 5, and (2) serpentine contiguous epithelial proliferations including cribriform Gleason pattern 4 and solid Gleason pattern 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther I. Verhoef
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiggert A. van Cappellen
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Slotman
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia C. Ewing-Graham
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B. Houtsmuller
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E. van Royen
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert J. L. H. van Leenders
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Tian B, Liu Z, Litvinov J, Maroto R, Jamaluddin M, Rytting E, Patrikeev I, Ochoa L, Vargas G, Motamedi M, Ameredes BT, Zhou J, Brasier AR. Efficacy of Novel Highly Specific Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4 Inhibitors in Innate Inflammation-Driven Airway Remodeling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:68-83. [PMID: 30153047 PMCID: PMC6348724 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0445oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB/RelA triggers innate inflammation by binding to bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), an atypical histone acetyltransferase (HAT). Although RelA·BRD4 HAT mediates acute neutrophilic inflammation, its role in chronic and functional airway remodeling is not known. We observed that BRD4 is required for Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated mesenchymal transition, a cell-state change that is characteristic of remodeling. We therefore tested two novel highly selective BRD4 inhibitors, ZL0420 and ZL0454, for their effects on chronic airway remodeling produced by repetitive TLR3 agonist challenges, and compared their efficacy with that of two nonselective bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibitors, JQ1 and RVX208. We observed that ZL0420 and ZL0454 more potently reduced polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-induced weight loss and fibrosis as assessed by microcomputed tomography and second harmonic generation microscopy. These measures correlated with the collagen deposition observed in histopathology. Importantly, the ZL inhibitors were more effective than the nonselective BET inhibitors at equivalent doses. The ZL inhibitors had significant effects on lung physiology, reversing TLR3-associated airway hyperresponsiveness and increasing lung compliance in vivo. At the molecular level, ZL inhibitors reduced elaboration of the transforming growth factor-β-induced growth program, thereby preventing mucosal mesenchymal transition and disrupting BRD4 HAT activity and complex formation with RelA. We also observed that ZL0454 treatment blocked polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-associated expansion of the α-SMA1+/COL1A+ myofibroblast population and prevented myofibroblast transition in a coculture system. We conclude that 1) BRD4 is a central effector of the mesenchymal transition that results in paracrine activation of myofibroblasts, mechanistically linking innate inflammation to airway hyperresponsiveness and fibrosis, and 2) highly selective BRD4 inhibitors may be effective in reversing the effects of repetitive airway viral infections on innate inflammation-mediated remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bill T. Ameredes
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Institute for Translational Sciences
- Sealy Center for Environmental Health and Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - Jia Zhou
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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30
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Imaging of Murine Whole Lung Fibrosis by Large Scale 3D Microscopy aided by Tissue Optical Clearing. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13348. [PMID: 30190498 PMCID: PMC6127188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis, characterized by excessive collagen deposition in the lungs, comprises a key and debilitating component of chronic lung diseases. Methods are lacking for the direct visualization of fibrillar collagen throughout the whole murine lung, a capability that would aid the understanding of lung fibrosis. We combined an optimized organ-level optical clearing (OC) approach with large-scale, label-free multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and second harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM) to reveal the complete network of fibrillar collagen in whole murine lungs. An innate inflammation-driven model based on repetitive poly(I:C) challenge was evaluated. Following OC, mosaic MPM/SHGM imaging with 3D reconstruction and whole organ quantitative analysis revealed significant differences in collagen deposition between PBS and poly(I:C) treated lungs. Airway specific analysis in whole lung acquisitions revealed significant sub-epithelial fibrosis evident throughout the proximal conductive and distal airways with higher collagen deposition in the poly(I:C) group vs PBS group. This study establishes a new, powerful approach based on OC and MPM/SHGM imaging for 3D analysis of lung fibrosis with macroscopic views of lung pathology based on microscopy and providing a new way to analyze the whole lung while avoiding regional sampling bias.
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31
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Drake MG, Scott GD, Blum ED, Lebold KM, Nie Z, Lee JJ, Fryer AD, Costello RW, Jacoby DB. Eosinophils increase airway sensory nerve density in mice and in human asthma. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaar8477. [PMID: 30185653 PMCID: PMC6592848 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar8477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In asthma, airway nerve dysfunction leads to excessive bronchoconstriction and cough. It is well established that eosinophils alter nerve function and that airway eosinophilia is present in 50 to 60% of asthmatics. However, the effects of eosinophils on airway nerve structure have not been established. We tested whether eosinophils alter airway nerve structure and measured the physiological consequences of those changes. Our results in humans with and without eosinophilic asthma showed that airway innervation and substance P expression were increased in moderate persistent asthmatics compared to mild intermittent asthmatics and healthy subjects. Increased innervation was associated with a lack of bronchodilator responsiveness and increased irritant sensitivity. In a mouse model of eosinophilic airway inflammation, the increase in nerve density and airway hyperresponsiveness were mediated by eosinophils. Our results implicate airway nerve remodeling as a key mechanism for increased irritant sensitivity and exaggerated airway responsiveness in eosinophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Drake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Gregory D Scott
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Emily D Blum
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Katherine M Lebold
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Zhenying Nie
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - James J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Allison D Fryer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Richard W Costello
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David B Jacoby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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32
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Drake MG, Lebold KM, Roth-Carter QR, Pincus AB, Blum ED, Proskocil BJ, Jacoby DB, Fryer AD, Nie Z. Eosinophil and airway nerve interactions in asthma. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:61-67. [PMID: 29633324 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr1117-426r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway eosinophils are increased in asthma and are especially abundant around airway nerves. Nerves control bronchoconstiction and in asthma, airway hyperreactivity (where airways contract excessively to inhaled stimuli) develops when eosinophils alter both parasympathetic and sensory nerve function. Eosinophils release major basic protein, which is an antagonist of inhibitory M2 muscarinic receptors on parasympathetic nerves. Loss of M2 receptor inhibition potentiates parasympathetic nerve-mediated bronchoconstriction. Eosinophils also increase sensory nerve responsiveness by lowering neurons' activation threshold, stimulating nerve growth, and altering neuropeptide expression. Since sensory nerves activate parasympathetic nerves via a central neuronal reflex, eosinophils' effects on both sensory and parasympathetic nerves potentiate bronchoconstriction. This review explores recent insights into mechanisms and effects of eosinophil and airway nerve interactions in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Drake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Katherine M Lebold
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Quinn R Roth-Carter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alexandra B Pincus
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Emily D Blum
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Becky J Proskocil
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David B Jacoby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Allison D Fryer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zhenying Nie
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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33
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Wicher SA, Lawson KL, Jacoby DB, Fryer AD, Drake MG. Ozone-induced eosinophil recruitment to airways is altered by antigen sensitization and tumor necrosis factor- α blockade. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:e13538. [PMID: 29242307 PMCID: PMC5742702 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone is an atmospheric pollutant that causes lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Ozone's effects occur in two distinct phases that are mediated by different populations of eosinophils. In the acute phase 1 day after exposure, mature airway-resident eosinophils alter parasympathetic nerve function that results in airway hyperresponsiveness. At this time point, the severity of hyperresponsiveness correlates with the number of eosinophils in close proximity to airway nerves, but not with eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage. Three days later, newly divided eosinophils are recruited to airways by a tumor necrosis factor-α-dependent mechanism. These new eosinophils paradoxically attenuate ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Ozone's effects on airway tissue eosinophils and nerve-associated eosinophils 3 days after exposure are unknown. Thus, we tested ozone's effects on eosinophils in airway subepithelium and around airway nerves 1 and 3 days after ozone in nonsensitized and ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs with or without the tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist, etanercept, and compared changes in eosinophils with ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. More eosinophils were present in small, noncartilaginous airways and along small airway nerves compared to large cartilaginous airways in all treatment groups. The number of airway and nerve-associated eosinophils were unaffected 1 day after ozone exposure, whereas significantly fewer airway eosinophils were present 3 days later. Airway and nerve-associated eosinophils were also decreased in small airways 3 days after ozone in sensitized animals. These changes were blocked by etanercept. Airway eosinophils, but not nerve-associated or bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophils correlated with airway hyperresponsiveness 3 days after ozone. Our findings indicate ozone causes persistent alterations in airway eosinophils and reinforce the importance of characterizing eosinophils' effects within distinct airway compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Wicher
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Katy L Lawson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David B Jacoby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Allison D Fryer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Matthew G Drake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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34
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Hsueh B, Burns VM, Pauerstein P, Holzem K, Ye L, Engberg K, Wang AC, Gu X, Chakravarthy H, Arda HE, Charville G, Vogel H, Efimov IR, Kim S, Deisseroth K. Pathways to clinical CLARITY: volumetric analysis of irregular, soft, and heterogeneous tissues in development and disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5899. [PMID: 28724969 PMCID: PMC5517617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional tissue-structural relationships are not well captured by typical thin-section histology, posing challenges for the study of tissue physiology and pathology. Moreover, while recent progress has been made with intact methods for clearing, labeling, and imaging whole organs such as the mature brain, these approaches are generally unsuitable for soft, irregular, and heterogeneous tissues that account for the vast majority of clinical samples and biopsies. Here we develop a biphasic hydrogel methodology, which along with automated analysis, provides for high-throughput quantitative volumetric interrogation of spatially-irregular and friable tissue structures. We validate and apply this approach in the examination of a variety of developing and diseased tissues, with specific focus on the dynamics of normal and pathological pancreatic innervation and development, including in clinical samples. Quantitative advantages of the intact-tissue approach were demonstrated compared to conventional thin-section histology, pointing to broad applications in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hsueh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Vanessa M Burns
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Philip Pauerstein
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Katherine Holzem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kristin Engberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ai-Chi Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xueying Gu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Harini Chakravarthy
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - H Efsun Arda
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gregory Charville
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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35
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Mazzone SB, Undem BJ. Vagal Afferent Innervation of the Airways in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 96:975-1024. [PMID: 27279650 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagal sensory neurons constitute the major afferent supply to the airways and lungs. Subsets of afferents are defined by their embryological origin, molecular profile, neurochemistry, functionality, and anatomical organization, and collectively these nerves are essential for the regulation of respiratory physiology and pulmonary defense through local responses and centrally mediated neural pathways. Mechanical and chemical activation of airway afferents depends on a myriad of ionic and receptor-mediated signaling, much of which has yet to be fully explored. Alterations in the sensitivity and neurochemical phenotype of vagal afferent nerves and/or the neural pathways that they innervate occur in a wide variety of pulmonary diseases, and as such, understanding the mechanisms of vagal sensory function and dysfunction may reveal novel therapeutic targets. In this comprehensive review we discuss historical and state-of-the-art concepts in airway sensory neurobiology and explore mechanisms underlying how vagal sensory pathways become dysfunctional in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Mazzone
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Asthma & Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bradley J Undem
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Asthma & Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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36
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Heterogeneity of macrophage infiltration and therapeutic response in lung carcinoma revealed by 3D organ imaging. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14293. [PMID: 28176769 PMCID: PMC5309815 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Involvement of the immune system in tumour progression is at the forefront of cancer research. Analysis of the tumour immune microenvironment has yielded a wealth of information on tumour biology, and alterations in some immune subtypes, such as tumour-associated macrophages (TAM), can be strong prognostic indicators. Here, we use optical tissue clearing and a TAM-targeting injectable fluorescent nanoparticle (NP) to examine three-dimensional TAM composition, tumour-to-tumour heterogeneity, response to colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) blockade and nanoparticle-based drug delivery in murine pulmonary carcinoma. The method allows for rapid tumour volume assessment and spatial information on TAM infiltration at the cellular level in entire lungs. This method reveals that TAM density was heterogeneous across tumours in the same animal, overall TAM density is different among separate pulmonary tumour models, nanotherapeutic drug delivery correlated with TAM heterogeneity, and successful response to CSF-1R blockade is characterized by enhanced TAM penetration throughout and within tumours. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) can be used as prognostic indicators in cancer. Here, the authors establish a platform for high-throughput 3D microscopy in murine lung carcinoma that allows to visualize TAMs infiltration throughout the entire lung, response to CSF-1R blockade and nanoparticle drug delivery.
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van Royen ME, Verhoef EI, Kweldam CF, van Cappellen WA, Kremers GJ, Houtsmuller AB, van Leenders GJLH. Three-dimensional microscopic analysis of clinical prostate specimens. Histopathology 2016; 69:985-992. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology; Erasmus Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre; Erasmus Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Esther I Verhoef
- Department of Pathology; Erasmus Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | | | - Wiggert A van Cappellen
- Department of Pathology; Erasmus Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre; Erasmus Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Department of Pathology; Erasmus Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre; Erasmus Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology; Erasmus Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre; Erasmus Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
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Mühlfeld C, Hegermann J, Wrede C, Ochs M. A review of recent developments and applications of morphometry/stereology in lung research. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L526-36. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00047.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Design-based stereology is the gold standard of morphometry in lung research. Here, we analyze the current use of morphometric and stereological methods in lung research and provide an overview on recent methodological developments and biological observations made by the use of stereology. Based on this analysis we hope to provide useful recommendations for a good stereological practice to further the use of advanced and unbiased stereological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; and
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; and
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
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39
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McGarvey L. Seeing Is Believing. Sensing Real Progress in the Study of Human Airway Nerves. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:1-2. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201505-0873ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Fujisawa S, Yarilin D, Fan N, Turkekul M, Xu K, Barlas A, Manova-Todorova K. Understanding the three-dimensional world from two-dimensional immunofluorescent adjacent sections. J Pathol Inform 2015; 6:27. [PMID: 26110094 PMCID: PMC4470010 DOI: 10.4103/2153-3539.158052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Visualizing tissue structures in three-dimensions (3D) is crucial to understanding normal and pathological phenomena. However, staining and imaging of thick sections and whole mount samples can be challenging. For decades, researchers have serially sectioned large tissues and painstakingly reconstructed the 3D volume. Advances in automation, from sectioning to alignment, now greatly accelerate the process. In addition, immunofluorescent staining methods allow multiple antigens to be simultaneously detected and analyzed volumetrically. The objective was to incorporate multi-channel immunofluorescent staining and automation in 3D reconstruction of serial sections for volumetric analysis. Paraffin-embedded samples were sectioned manually but were processed, stained, imaged and aligned in an automated fashion. Reconstructed stacks were quantitatively analyzed in 3D. By combining automated immunofluorescent staining and tried-and-true methods of reconstructing adjacent sections, we were able to visualize, in detail, not only the geometric structures of the sample but also the presence and interactions of multiple proteins and molecules of interest within their 3D environment. Advances in technology and software algorithms have significantly expedited the 3D reconstruction of serial sections. Automated, multi-antigen immunofluorescent staining will significantly broaden the range and complexity of scientific questions that can be answered with this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Fujisawa
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Dmitry Yarilin
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Ning Fan
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Mesruh Turkekul
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Afsar Barlas
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Katia Manova-Todorova
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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41
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Liu CY, Dubé PE, Girish N, Reddy AT, Polk DB. Optical reconstruction of murine colorectal mucosa at cellular resolution. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G721-35. [PMID: 25721303 PMCID: PMC4421015 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00310.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal layer of the colon is a unique and dynamic site where host cells interface with one another and the microbiome, with major implications for physiology and disease. However, the cellular mechanisms mediating colonic regeneration, inflammation, dysplasia, and dysbiosis remain undercharacterized, partly because the use of thin tissue sections in many studies removes important volumetric context. To address these challenges in visualization, we have developed the deep mucosal imaging (DMI) method to reconstruct continuous extended volumes of mouse colorectal mucosa at cellular resolution. Use of ScaleA2 and SeeDB clearing agents enabled full visualization of the colonic crypt, the fundamental unit of adult colon. Confocal imaging of large colorectal expanses revealed epithelial structures involved in repair, inflammation, tumorigenesis, and stem cell function, in fluorescent protein-labeled, immunostained, paraffin-embedded, or human biopsy samples. We provide freely available software to reconstruct and explore on computers with standard memory allocations the large DMI datasets containing in toto representations of distal colonic mucosal volume. Extended-volume imaging of colonic mucosa through the novel, extensible, and readily adopted DMI approach will expedite mechanistic investigations of intestinal physiology and pathophysiology at intracrypt to multicrypt length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cambrian Y. Liu
- 1The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; ,2Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Philip E. Dubé
- 1The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; ,2Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Nandini Girish
- 1The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; ,2Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Ajay T. Reddy
- 1The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; ,2Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - D. Brent Polk
- 1The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; ,2Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and ,3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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Calve S, Ready A, Huppenbauer C, Main R, Neu CP. Optical clearing in dense connective tissues to visualize cellular connectivity in situ. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116662. [PMID: 25581165 PMCID: PMC4291226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Visualizing the three-dimensional morphology and spatial patterning of cells embedded deep within dense connective tissues of the musculoskeletal system has been possible only by utilizing destructive techniques. Here we utilize fructose-based clearing solutions to image cell connectivity and deep tissue-scale patterning in situ by standard confocal microscopy. Optical clearing takes advantage of refractive index matching of tissue and the embedding medium to visualize light transmission through a broad range of bovine and whole mount murine tissues, including cartilage, bone, and ligament, of the head and hindlimb. Using non-destructive methods, we show for the first time intercellular chondrocyte connections throughout the bulk of cartilage, and we reveal in situ patterns of osteocyte processes and the lacunar-canalicular system deep within mineralized cortical bone. Optical clearing of connective tissues is expected to find broad application for the study of cell responses in normal physiology and disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Calve
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SC); (CPN)
| | - Andrew Ready
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | - Russell Main
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Corey P. Neu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SC); (CPN)
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Renier N, Wu Z, Simon DJ, Yang J, Ariel P, Tessier-Lavigne M. iDISCO: a simple, rapid method to immunolabel large tissue samples for volume imaging. Cell 2014; 159:896-910. [PMID: 25417164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1005] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The visualization of molecularly labeled structures within large intact tissues in three dimensions is an area of intense focus. We describe a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method, iDISCO, that permits whole-mount immunolabeling with volume imaging of large cleared samples ranging from perinatal mouse embryos to adult organs, such as brains or kidneys. iDISCO is modeled on classical histology techniques, facilitating translation of section staining assays to intact tissues, as evidenced by compatibility with 28 antibodies to both endogenous antigens and transgenic reporters like GFP. When applied to degenerating neurons, iDISCO revealed unexpected variability in number of apoptotic neurons within individual sensory ganglia despite tight control of total number in all ganglia. It also permitted imaging of single degenerating axons in adult brain and the first visualization of cleaved Caspase-3 in degenerating embryonic sensory axons in vivo, even single axons. iDISCO enables facile volume imaging of immunolabeled structures in complex tissues. PAPERCLIP:
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Renier
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David J Simon
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pablo Ariel
- Bio-Imaging Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marc Tessier-Lavigne
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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