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Moos P, Cheminant J, Adhikari U, Venosa A. Transcriptomic-based roadmap to the healthy and ozone-exposed lung. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 37:100445. [PMID: 38187954 PMCID: PMC10769160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2023.100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The lung is constantly exposed to a myriad of exogenous stressors. Ground-level ozone represents a ubiquitous and extremely reactive anthropogenic toxicant, impacting the health of millions across the globe. While abundant, epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro data focuses the ozone toxicity in individual cell types (e.g. epithelial type II, alveolar macrophages) or signaling pathways involved in the injury (e.g., akt, glutathione). When appropriately used, bulk and single cell RNA sequencing techniques have the potential to provide complete, and in certain cases unbiased, information of the molecular events taking place in the steady state and injured lung, and even capture the phenotypic diversity of neighboring cells. To this end, this review compiles information pertaining to the latest understanding of lung cell identity and activation in the steady state and ozone exposed lung. In addition, it discusses the value and benefits of multi-omics approaches and other tools developed to predict cell-cell communication and dissect spatial heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jenna Cheminant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ujjwal Adhikari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alessandro Venosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah
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2
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Mallek NM, Martin EM, Dailey LA, McCullough SD. Liquid application dosing alters the physiology of air-liquid interface (ALI) primary human bronchial epithelial cell/lung fibroblast co-cultures and in vitro testing relevant endpoints. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 5:1264331. [PMID: 38464699 PMCID: PMC10922929 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1264331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cell (dpHBEC) cultures grown under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions exhibit key features of the human respiratory tract and are thus critical for respiratory research as well as efficacy and toxicity testing of inhaled substances (e.g., consumer products, industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals). Many inhalable substances (e.g., particles, aerosols, hydrophobic substances, reactive substances) have physiochemical properties that challenge their evaluation under ALI conditions in vitro. Evaluation of the effects of these methodologically challenging chemicals (MCCs) in vitro is typically conducted by "liquid application," involving the direct application of a solution containing the test substance to the apical, air-exposed surface of dpHBEC-ALI cultures. We report that the application of liquid to the apical surface of a dpHBEC-ALI co-culture model results in significant reprogramming of the dpHBEC transcriptome and biological pathway activity, alternative regulation of cellular signaling pathways, increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, and decreased epithelial barrier integrity. Given the prevalence of liquid application in the delivery of test substances to ALI systems, understanding its effects provides critical infrastructure for the use of in vitro systems in respiratory research as well as in the safety and efficacy testing of inhalable substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Mallek
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Martin
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lisa A. Dailey
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Shaun D. McCullough
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Exposure and Protection, RTI International, Durham, NC, United States
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Wu T, Li Z, Wei Y. Advances in understanding mechanisms underlying mitochondrial structure and function damage by ozone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160589. [PMID: 36462650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in eukaryotic cells. The integrity of mitochondrial structure and function determines cell destiny. Mitochondria are also the "energy factories of cells." The production of energy is accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Generally, the production and consumption of ROS maintains a balance in cells. Ozone is a highly oxidizing, harmful substance in ground-level atmosphere. Ozone inhalation causes oxidative injury owing to the generation of ROS, resulting in mitochondrial oxidative stress overload. Oxidative damage to the mitochondria induces a vicious cycle of ROS production which might destroy mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial structure and function in cells. ROS can alter the phosphorylation of various signaling molecules, triggering a series of downstream signaling pathway reactions. These include inflammatory responses, pyroptosis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Changes involving these molecular mechanisms may be related to the occurrence of disease. According to numerous epidemiological investigations, ozone exposure induces respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous system diseases in humans. In addition, these systems require large quantities of energy. Hence, the mitochondrial damage caused by ozone may act as a bridge between human diseases. However, the specific molecular mechanisms involved require further investigation. This review discusses our understanding of the structure and function of mitochondria the mechanisms underlying ozone-induced mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.
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4
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Mallek NM, Martin EM, Dailey LA, McCullough SD. Liquid Application Dosing Alters the Physiology of Air-Liquid Interface Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cultures and In vitro Testing Relevant Endpoints. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2570280. [PMID: 36865279 PMCID: PMC9980280 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2570280/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Differentiated Primary human bronchial epithelial cell (dpHBEC) cultures grown under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions exhibit key features of the human respiratory tract and are thus critical for respiratory research as well as efficacy and toxicity testing of inhaled substances (e.g., consumer products, industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals). Many inhalable substances (e.g., particles, aerosols, hydrophobic substances, reactive substances) have physiochemical properties that challenge their evaluation under ALI conditions in vitro. Evaluation of the effects of these methodologically challenging chemicals (MCCs) in vitro is typically conducted by "liquid application," involving the direct application of a solution containing the test substance to the apical, air-exposed surface of dpHBEC-ALI cultures. We report that the application of liquid to the apical surface of a dpHBEC-ALI co-culture model results in significant reprogramming of the dpHBEC transcriptome and biological pathway activity, alternative regulation of cellular signaling pathways, increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, and decreased epithelial barrier integrity. Given the prevalence of liquid application in the delivery of test substances to ALI systems, understanding its effects provides critical infrastructure for the use of in vitro systems in respiratory research as well as in the safety and efficacy testing of inhalable substances.
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Speen AM, Murray JR, Krantz QT, Davies D, Evansky P, Harrill JA, Everett LJ, Bundy JL, Dailey LA, Hill J, Zander W, Carlsten E, Monsees M, Zavala J, Higuchi MA. Benchmark Dose Modeling Approaches for Volatile Organic Chemicals using a Novel Air-Liquid Interface In Vitro Exposure System. Toxicol Sci 2022; 188:88-107. [PMID: 35426944 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation is the most relevant route of volatile organic chemical (VOC) exposure; however, due to unique challenges posed by their chemical properties and poor solubility in aqueous solutions, in vitro chemical safety testing is predominantly performed using direct application dosing/submerged exposures. To address the difficulties in screening toxic effects of VOCs, our cell culture exposure system permits cells to be exposed to multiple concentrations at air-liquid interface (ALI) in a 24-well format. ALI exposure methods permit direct chemical-to-cell interaction with the test article at physiological conditions. In the present study, BEAS-2B and primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (pHBEC) are used to assess gene expression, cytotoxicity, and cell viability responses to a variety of volatile chemicals including acrolein, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, acetaldehyde, 1-bromopropane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, and trichloroethylene. BEAS-2B cells were exposed to all the test agents, while pHBECs were only exposed to the latter four listed above. The VOC concentrations tested elicited only slight cell viability changes in both cell types. Gene expression changes were analyzed using benchmark dose (BMD) modeling. The BMD for the most sensitive gene set was within one order of magnitude of the threshold-limit value reported by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, and the most sensitive gene sets impacted by exposure correlate to known adverse health effects recorded in epidemiologic and in vivo exposure studies. Overall, our study outlines a novel in vitro approach for evaluating molecular-based points-of-departure in human airway epithelial cell exposure to volatile chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Speen
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- CPHEA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Jessica R Murray
- CPHEA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Quentin Todd Krantz
- CPHEA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - David Davies
- CPHEA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Paul Evansky
- CPHEA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Joshua A Harrill
- CCTE, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Logan J Everett
- CCTE, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Joseph L Bundy
- CCTE, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- CPHEA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Jazzlyn Hill
- CPHEA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - Wyatt Zander
- CPHEA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - Elise Carlsten
- CPHEA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - Michael Monsees
- CPHEA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - Jose Zavala
- MedTec BioLab Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, USA
| | - Mark A Higuchi
- CPHEA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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6
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Roth M, Herrmann ME, Geerling G, Guthoff R. [Current and future effects of climate change on ophthalmology]. Ophthalmologe 2022; 119:552-560. [PMID: 35294593 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Climate change is also an increasingly important issue in the healthcare system. Due to its anatomical and physiological nature, the eye is directly exposed to environmental influences and changes in a special way. METHODS The current literature is used to illustrate the effects of climate-induced changes and the respective influences on the eye. A PubMed search (cut-off date 3 October 2021) using the search terms "climate change" or "planetary health" or "global health" and in each case "ophthalmology" or "eye" or "ocular" was used to determine the development of the number of publications between 2011 and 2021. RESULTS Measurable effects of climate change are already evident in a wide variety of ophthalmological fields. The significance of this topic, for instance, is reflected in a relatively constant increase in the number of publications and an almost tenfold increase in the number of publications per year from 2011 to 2021. CONCLUSION The impact of climate change on eye diseases and on the field of ophthalmology is multifaceted and could be expected to intensify in the coming years. Therefore, the interrelationships need to be further investigated in future studies, preferably on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roth
- Universitätsaugenklinik Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - M E Herrmann
- Universitätsaugenklinik Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - G Geerling
- Universitätsaugenklinik Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - R Guthoff
- Universitätsaugenklinik Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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7
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Bowers EC, Martin EM, Jarabek AM, Morgan DS, Smith HJ, Dailey LA, Aungst ER, Diaz-Sanchez D, McCullough SD. Ozone Responsive Gene Expression as a Model for Describing Repeat Exposure Response Trajectories and Interindividual Toxicodynamic Variability In Vitro. Toxicol Sci 2021; 185:38-49. [PMID: 34718810 PMCID: PMC8714356 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled chemical/material exposures are a ubiquitous part of daily life around the world. There is a need to evaluate potential adverse effects of both single and repeat exposures for thousands of chemicals and an exponentially larger number of exposure scenarios (eg, repeated exposures). Meeting this challenge will require the development and use of in vitro new approach methodologies (NAMs); however, 2 major challenges face the deployment of NAMs in risk assessment are (1) characterizing what apical outcome(s) acute assays inform regarding the trajectory to long-term events, especially under repeated exposure conditions, and (2) capturing interindividual variability as it informs considerations of potentially susceptible and/or vulnerable populations. To address these questions, we used a primary human bronchial epithelial cell air-liquid interface model exposed to ozone (O3), a model oxidant and ubiquitous environmental chemical. Here we report that O3-induced proinflammatory gene induction is attenuated in repeated exposures thus demonstrating that single acute exposure outcomes do not reliably represent the trajectory of responses after repeated or chronic exposures. Further, we observed 10.1-, 10.3-, 14.2-, and 7-fold ranges of induction of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, heme oxygenase 1, and cyclooxygenase 2 transcripts, respectively, within in our population of 25 unique donors. Calculation of sample size estimates that indicated that 27, 24, 299, and 13 donors would be required to significantly power similar in vitro studies to identify a 2-fold change in IL-8, IL-6, HMOX1, and cyclooxygenase 2 transcript induction, respectively, to inform considerations of the uncertainty factors to reflect variability within the human population for in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Bowers
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Martin
- Department of Health and Human Services, Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Department of Health and Human Services, Postdoctoral Research Associate Training Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Annie M Jarabek
- Health and Environmental Effects Assessment Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - David S Morgan
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Hannah J Smith
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Emily R Aungst
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Shaun D McCullough
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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8
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Transcriptomics Underlying Pulmonary Ozone Pathogenesis Regulated by Inflammatory Mediators in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091489. [PMID: 34573120 PMCID: PMC8466999 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is the predominant oxidant air pollutant associated with airway inflammation, lung dysfunction, and the worsening of preexisting respiratory diseases. We previously demonstrated the injurious roles of pulmonary immune receptors, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), and toll-like receptor 4, as well as a transcription factor NF-κB, in response to O3 in mice. In the current study, we profiled time-dependent and TNFR- and NF-κB-regulated lung transcriptome changes by subacute O3 to illuminate the underlying molecular events and downstream targets. Mice lacking Tnfr1/Tnfr2 (Tnfr-/-) or Nfkb1 (Nfkb1-/-) were exposed to air or O3. Lung RNAs were prepared for cDNA microarray analyses, and downstream and upstream mechanisms were predicted by pathway analyses of the enriched genes. O3 significantly altered the genes involved in inflammation and redox (24 h), cholesterol biosynthesis and vaso-occlusion (48 h), and cell cycle and DNA repair (48–72 h). Transforming growth factor-β1 was a predicted upstream regulator. Lack of Tnfr suppressed the immune cell proliferation and lipid-related processes and heightened epithelial cell integrity, and Nfkb1 deficiency markedly suppressed lung cell cycle progress during O3 exposure. Common differentially regulated genes by TNFR and NF-κB1 (e.g., Casp8, Il6, and Edn1) were predicted to protect the lungs from cell death, connective tissue injury, and inflammation. Il6-deficient mice were susceptible to O3-induced protein hyperpermeability, indicating its defensive role, while Tnf-deficient mice were resistant to overall lung injury caused by O3. The results elucidated transcriptome dynamics and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms regulated by TNFR and NF-κB1 in pulmonary subacute O3 pathogenesis.
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Wagner JR, Madugundu GS, Cadet J. Ozone-Induced DNA Damage: A Pandora's Box of Oxidatively Modified DNA Bases. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:80-90. [PMID: 33417438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is a major component of air pollution and carries potentially mutagenic and harmful affects to health. The oxidation of isolated calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) led to the nearly quantitative loss of normal DNA 2'-deoxyribonucleosides in the following order: T > G > C ≫ A. The major modification of pyrimidines (T, C, and 5-methylcytosine (5mC)) was the corresponding 5-hydroxyhydantoin derivative after complete digestion of DNA to its component 2'-deoxyribonucleosides. The oxidation of 5mC was 2.5-fold more susceptible than C considering the relative mole fraction of 5mC to C in CT-DNA. Other common oxidation products of pyrimidines (e.g., 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydropyrimidines, the so-called pyrimidine 5,6-glycols) were formed with a lower yield than 5-hydroxyhydantoin derivatives. In addition, several common oxidation products of G were observed (e.g., 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8oxoG)) albeit with relatively minor yields. The sum of individual products was notably less than the loss of 2'-deoxyribonucleosides from which they were derived. In a search for additional products, we discovered the formation of pyrimidine ring fragments, predominantly N-formamide and N-urea, which were measured as a dinucleotide next to a nonmodified nucleotide upon partial digestion of oxidized DNA. Interestingly, the latter fragments were also observed in dinucleotides containing 8oxoG, indicating the formation of tandem lesions during ozonolysis of DNA. The oxidation of DNA upon exposure to ozone can be explained by reactions of an intermediate ozonide. These studies underline the complexity of ozone-induced DNA damage and provide valuable information to assess the formation of this damage in cellular DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Richard Wagner
- Département de Médecine nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Guru S Madugundu
- Département de Médecine nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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10
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Macedo GE, de Brum Vieira P, Rodrigues NR, Gomes KK, Martins IK, Franco JL, Posser T. Fungal compound 1-octen-3-ol induces mitochondrial morphological alterations and respiration dysfunctions in Drosophila melanogaster. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111232. [PMID: 32890927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comprise a group of compounds commonly found in damp or water-damaged indoor places affecting air quality. Indoor fungal pollution is a severe threat to human health, contributing to the onset of allergic diseases. The compound 1-octen-3-ol, known as "mushroom alcohol", is the most abundant VOC and confers the characteristic mold odor. Exposure to 1-octen-3-ol induces inflammatory markers and episodes of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis; however, the effects of this compound towards mitochondria are fairly known. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of 1-octen-3-ol on inflammatory targets and on mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetic rate in D. melanogaster. Drosophilas were exposed by inhalation to 2.5 μL/L and 5 μL/L of 1-octen-3-ol for 24 h. Observation showed a decreasing in the survival and locomotor ability of flies. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was induced whereas Catalase (CAT) activity was inhibited. Analysis of the mitochondria respiration, detected inhibition of complex I and II in the electron transport chain and a decreased bioenergetic rate. Electronic microscopy provided morphological insights of the mitochondrial status in which a disarrangement in mitochondrial cristae profile was observed. 1-Octen-3-ol induced increased activity of caspase 3/7 and ERK phosphorylation. The mRNA relative steady-state levels of p38MAPK and JNK were down-regulated, whereas NF-κB and p53 were up-regulated. In parallel, nitrite levels were induced in relation to the non-exposed group. These findings point to the mitochondria as a crucial target for the toxicity of 1-octen-3-ol in parallel with activation of pro-inflammatory factors and apoptotic signaling pathway cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulianna Echeverria Macedo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar Em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal Do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97307-020, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia de Brum Vieira
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar Em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal Do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97307-020, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil.
| | - Nathane Rosa Rodrigues
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar Em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal Do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97307-020, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Karen Kich Gomes
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar Em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal Do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97307-020, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil.
| | - Illana Kemmerich Martins
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar Em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal Do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97307-020, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jeferson Luis Franco
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar Em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal Do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97307-020, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Posser
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar Em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal Do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97307-020, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Bind MAC, Rubin DB, Cardenas A, Dhingra R, Ward-Caviness C, Liu Z, Mirowsky J, Schwartz JD, Diaz-Sanchez D, Devlin RB. Heterogeneous ozone effects on the DNA methylome of bronchial cells observed in a crossover study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15739. [PMID: 32978449 PMCID: PMC7519112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We used a randomized crossover experiment to estimate the effects of ozone (vs. clean air) exposure on genome-wide DNA methylation of target bronchial epithelial cells, using 17 volunteers, each randomly exposed on two separated occasions to clean air or 0.3-ppm ozone for two hours. Twenty-four hours after exposure, participants underwent bronchoscopy to collect epithelial cells whose DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina 450 K platform. We performed global and regional tests examining the ozone versus clean air effect on the DNA methylome and calculated Fisher-exact p-values for a series of univariate tests. We found little evidence of an overall effect of ozone on the DNA methylome but some suggestive changes in PLSCR1, HCAR1, and LINC00336 DNA methylation after ozone exposure relative to clean air. We observed some participant-to-participant heterogeneity in ozone responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A C Bind
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - D B Rubin
- Yau Center for Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Statistical Science, Fox School of Business, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Cardenas
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Dhingra
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C Ward-Caviness
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Z Liu
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - J Mirowsky
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - J D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Diaz-Sanchez
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - R B Devlin
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Chen Q, Zhou Y, Zhou L, Fu Z, Yang C, Zhao L, Li S, Chen Y, Wu Y, Ling Z, Wang Y, Huang J, Li J. TRPC6-dependent Ca 2+ signaling mediates airway inflammation in response to oxidative stress via ERK pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:170. [PMID: 32139669 PMCID: PMC7058000 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) plays an extremely important role in airway inflammation by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide, then promoting redox actions and causing oxidative stress. Evidences indicate that TRPC6 (canonical transient receptor potential channel 6) is a redox-regulated Ca2+ permeable nonselective cation channel, but its role in the setting of oxidative stress-related airway inflammation remains unknown. Here, we found that both TRPC6-/- mice and mice pretreated with SAR7334, a potent TRPC6 inhibitor, were protected from O3-induced airway inflammatory responses. In vitro, both knockdown of TRPC6 expression with shRNA and TRPC6 blockage markedly attenuated the release of cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 induced by O3 or H2O2 in 16HBE cells (human bronchial epithelial cell line). Treatment with O3 or H2O2 enhanced TRPC6 protein expression in vivo and vitro. We also observed that TRPC6-dependent increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was triggered by H2O2, which consisted of the release from intracellular calcium store and the influx of extracellular Ca2+ and could be further strengthened by 6-h O3 exposure in both 16HBE cells and HBEpiCs (primary human bronchial epithelial cells). Moreover, we confirmed that the activation of MAPK signals (ERK1/2, p38, JNK) was required for the inflammatory response induced by O3 or H2O2 while only the phosphorylation of ERK pathway was diminished in the TRPC6-knockdown situation. These results demonstrate that oxidative stress regulates TRPC6-mediated Ca2+ cascade, which leads to the activation of ERK pathway and inflammation and could become a potential target to treat oxidative stress-associated airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzi Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute; Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute; Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lifen Zhou
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute; Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaodi Fu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute; Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuntao Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute; Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute; Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuni Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute; Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute; Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yousen Wu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute; Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Ling
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute; Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Huang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jianhua Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute; Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Krewski D, Andersen ME, Tyshenko MG, Krishnan K, Hartung T, Boekelheide K, Wambaugh JF, Jones D, Whelan M, Thomas R, Yauk C, Barton-Maclaren T, Cote I. Toxicity testing in the 21st century: progress in the past decade and future perspectives. Arch Toxicol 2019; 94:1-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yu D, Deng Q, Wang J, Chang X, Wang S, Yang R, Yu J, Yu J. Air Pollutants are associated with Dry Eye Disease in Urban Ophthalmic Outpatients: a Prevalence Study in China. J Transl Med 2019; 17:46. [PMID: 30767763 PMCID: PMC6376760 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous prevalence studies of DED were reported from some countries worldwide, national data are unavailable in China. We aimed to conduct an up-to-date national survey on the prevalence of DED in China and find out the potential risk factors including air pollutant. METHODS 23,922 eligible outpatients were recruited from ophthalmic clinics of 32 cities in China in 2013 by registration orders. The patients' demographic characteristics, history of keratorefractive surgery, diseases and medication history were collected and the daily air pollutant data in 2013. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to identify the potential risk factors associated with DED. The association between related factors and dry eye diseases subtypes evaluated as p value and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Among 23,922 outpatients, the prevalence of DED was 61.57%, and that of the male patients was 57.64% and of the female was 65.32% (P < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression suggested that the possible risk factors for DED included: female, older age, history of keratorefractive surgery, presence of arthritis, thyroid diseases, and antihistamine, diuretic, duodenal ulcer drugs, diazepam. Air pollutants including O3, PM2.5, and SO2 were also identified as the risk factors. CONCLUSION The prevalence of DED among ophthalmic outpatients in China was considerably high. Age, gender, history of keratorefractive surgery, diseases, medication history, and air pollutants were associated with DED prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301, Yanchang Road, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinglong Deng
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No. 138, Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No. 138, Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Chang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, No. 1, Tsinghua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, No. 1, Tsinghua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Renren Yang
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No. 138, Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No. 138, Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301, Yanchang Road, Shanghai, China
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Zavala J, Ledbetter AD, Morgan DS, Dailey LA, Puckett E, McCullough SD, Higuchi M. A new cell culture exposure system for studying the toxicity of volatile chemicals at the air-liquid interface. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:169-177. [PMID: 30086657 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1483983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A cell culture exposure system (CCES) was developed to expose cells established at an air-liquid interface (ALI) to volatile chemicals. We characterized the CCES by exposing indigo dye-impregnated filter inserts inside culture wells to 125 ppb ozone (O3) for 1 h at flow rates of 5 and 25 mL/min/well; the reaction of O3 with an indigo dye produces a fluorescent product. A 5-fold increase in fluorescence at 25 mL/min/well versus 5 mL/min/well was observed, suggesting higher flows were more effective. We then exposed primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) to 0.3 ppm acrolein for 2 h at 3, 5, and 25 mL/min/well and compared our results against well-established in vitro exposure chambers at the U.S. EPA's Human Studies Facility (HSF Chambers). We measured transcript changes of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, at 0, 1, and 24 h post-exposure. Comparing responses from HSF Chambers to the CCES, differences were only observed at 1 h post-exposure for HMOX1. Here, the HSF Chamber produced a ∼6-fold increase while the CCES at 3 and 5 mL/min/well produced a ∼1.7-fold increase. Operating the CCES at 25 mL/min/well produced a ∼4.5-fold increase; slightly lower than the HSF Chamber. Our biological results, supported by our comparison against the HSF Chambers, agree with our fluorescence results, suggesting that higher flows through the CCES are more effective at delivering volatile chemicals to cells. This new CCES will be deployed to screen the toxicity of volatile chemicals in EPA's chemical inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Zavala
- a NHEERL , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Allen D Ledbetter
- a NHEERL , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - David S Morgan
- b NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- b NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Earl Puckett
- a NHEERL , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | | | - Mark Higuchi
- a NHEERL , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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Mechanistic Basis for Obesity-related Increases in Ozone-induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Mice. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 14:S357-S362. [PMID: 29161088 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201702-140aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for asthma, especially nonallergic asthma. Ozone, a common air pollutant, is a nonallergic asthma trigger. Importantly, ozone-induced decrements in lung function are greater in obese and overweight human subjects than in lean individuals. Obese mice also exhibit exaggerated pulmonary responses to ozone. Ozone causes greater increases in pulmonary resistance, in bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils, and in airway hyperresponsiveness in obese than in lean mice. Our data indicate that IL-33 plays a role in mediating these events. Ozone causes greater release of IL-33 into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in obese than in lean mice. Furthermore, an antibody blocking the IL-33 receptor, ST2, attenuates ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in obese but not in lean mice. Our data also indicate a complex role for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in obesity-related effects on the response to ozone. In obese mice, genetic deficiency in either TNF-α or TNF-α receptor 2 augments ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, whereas TNF-α receptor 2 deficiency virtually abolishes ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in lean mice. Finally, obesity is known to alter the gut microbiome. In female mice, antibiotics attenuate obesity-related increases in the effect of ozone on airway hyperresponsiveness, possibly by altering microbial production of short-chain fatty acids. Asthma control is often difficult to achieve in obese patients with asthma. Our data suggest that therapeutics directed against IL-33 may ultimately prove effective in these patients. The data also suggest that dietary manipulations and other strategies (prebiotics, probiotics) that alter the microbiome and/or its metabolic products may represent a new frontier for treating asthma in obese individuals.
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Bowers EC, McCullough SD, Morgan DS, Dailey LA, Diaz-Sanchez D. ERK1/2 and p38 regulate inter-individual variability in ozone-mediated IL-8 gene expression in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9398. [PMID: 29925859 PMCID: PMC6010411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual variability is observed in all biological responses; however this variability is difficult to model and its underlying mechanisms are often poorly understood. This issue currently impedes understanding the health effects of the air pollutant ozone. Ozone produces pulmonary inflammation that is highly variable between individuals; but reproducible within a single individual, indicating undefined susceptibility factors. Studying inter-individual variability is difficult with common experimental models, thus we used primary human bronchial epithelial cells (phBECs) collected from many different donors. These cells were cultured, exposed to ozone, and the gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 was measured. Similar to in vivo observations, we found that ozone-mediated IL-8 expression was variable between donors, but reproducible within a given donor. Recent evidence suggests that the MAP kinases ERK1/2 and p38 mediate ozone-induced IL-8 transcription, thus we hypothesized that differences in their activation may control IL-8 inter-individual variability. We observed a significant correlation between ERK1/2 phosphorylation and IL-8 expression, suggesting that ERK1/2 modulates the ozone-mediated IL-8 response; however, we found that simultaneous inhibition of both kinases was required to achieve the greatest IL-8 inhibition. We proposed a "dimmer switch" model to explain how the coordinate activity of these kinases regulate differential IL-8 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Bowers
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shaun D McCullough
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - David S Morgan
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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18
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Faber SC, McCullough SD. Through the Looking Glass: In Vitro Models for Inhalation Toxicology and Interindividual Variability in the Airway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:115-128. [PMID: 31380467 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2018.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With 7 million deaths reported annually from air pollution alone, it is evident that adverse effects of inhaled toxicant exposures remain a major public health concern in the 21st century. Assessment and characterization of the impacts of air pollutants on human health stems from epidemiological and clinical studies, which have linked both outdoor and indoor air contaminant exposure to adverse pulmonary and cardiovascular health outcomes. Studies in animal models support epidemiological findings and have been critical in identifying systemic effects of environmental chemicals on cognitive abilities, liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction following inhalation exposure. Likewise, traditional monoculture systems have aided in identifying biomarkers of susceptibility to inhaled toxicants and served as a screening platform for safety assessment of pulmonary toxicants. Despite their contributions, in vivo and classic in vitro models have not been able to accurately represent the heterogeneity of the human population and account for interindividual variability in response to inhaled toxicants and susceptibility to the adverse health effects. Development of new technologies that can investigate genetic predisposition, are cost and time efficient, and are ethically sound, will enhance elucidation of mechanisms of inhalation toxicity, and aid in the development of novel pharmaceuticals and/or safety evaluation. This review will describe the classic and novel cell-based inhalation toxicity models and how these emerging technologies can be incorporated into regulatory or nonregulatory testing to address interindividual variability and improve overall human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Faber
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shaun D McCullough
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Mirowsky JE, Dailey LA, Devlin RB. Differential expression of pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators induced by nitrogen dioxide and ozone in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 28:374-82. [PMID: 27206323 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2016.1185199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT NO2 and O3 are ubiquitous air toxicants capable of inducing lung damage to the respiratory epithelium. Due to their oxidizing capabilities, these pollutants have been proposed to target specific biological pathways, but few publications have compared the pathways activated. OBJECTIVE This work will test the premise that NO2 and O3 induce toxicity by activating similar cellular pathways. METHODS Primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs, n = 3 donors) were exposed for 2 h at an air-liquid interface to 3 ppm NO2, 0.75 ppm O3, or filtered air and harvested 1 h post-exposure. To give an overview of pathways that may be influenced by each exposure, gene expression was measured using PCR arrays for toxicity and oxidative stress. Based on the results, genes were selected to quantify whether expression changes were changed in a dose- and time-response manner using NO2 (1, 2, 3, or 5 ppm), O3 (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00 ppm), or filtered air and harvesting 0, 1, 4 and 24 h post-exposure. RESULTS Using the arrays, genes related to oxidative stress were highly induced with NO2 while expression of pro-inflammatory and vascular function genes was found subsequent to O3. NO2 elicited the greatest HMOX1 response, whereas O3 more greatly induced IL-6, IL-8 and PTGS2 expression. Additionally, O3 elicited a greater response 1 h post-exposure and NO2 produced a maximal response after 4 h. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that these two oxidant gases stimulate differing mechanistic responses in vitro and these responses occur at dissimilar times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime E Mirowsky
- a Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , NC , USA .,b Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- c Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Robert B Devlin
- c Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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Behrsing H, Raabe H, Tice R, Devlin R, Pinkerton K, Oberdörster G, Wright C, Wieczorek R, Aufderheide M, Steiner S, Krebs T, Asgharian B, Corley R, Oldham M, Adamson J, Li X, Rahman I, Grego S, Chu PH, McCullough S, Hill E, Curren R, Curren R. In vitro exposure systems and dosimetry assessment tools for inhaled tobacco products: Workshop proceedings, conclusions and paths forward for in vitro model use. Altern Lab Anim 2017; 45:117-158. [PMID: 28816053 PMCID: PMC9878375 DOI: 10.1177/026119291704500305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In 2009, the passing of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act facilitated the establishment of the FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), and gave it regulatory authority over the marketing, manufacture and distribution of tobacco products, including those termed 'modified risk'. On 4-6 April 2016, the Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc. (IIVS) convened a workshop conference entitled, In Vitro Exposure Systems and Dosimetry Assessment Tools for Inhaled Tobacco Products, to bring together stakeholders representing regulatory agencies, academia and industry to address the research priorities articulated by the FDA CTP. Specific topics were covered to assess the status of current in vitro smoke and aerosol/vapour exposure systems, as well as the various approaches and challenges to quantifying the complex exposures in in vitro pulmonary models developed for evaluating adverse pulmonary events resulting from tobacco product exposures. The four core topics covered were: a) Tobacco Smoke and E-Cigarette Aerosols; b) Air-Liquid Interface-In Vitro Exposure Systems; c) Dosimetry Approaches for Particles and Vapours/In Vitro Dosimetry Determinations; and d) Exposure Microenvironment/Physiology of Cells. The 2.5-day workshop included presentations from 20 expert speakers, poster sessions, networking discussions, and breakout sessions which identified key findings and provided recommendations to advance these technologies. Here, we will report on the proceedings, recommendations, and outcome of the April 2016 technical workshop, including paths forward for developing and validating non-animal test methods for tobacco product smoke and next generation tobacco product aerosol/vapour exposures. With the recent FDA publication of the final deeming rule for the governance of tobacco products, there is an unprecedented necessity to evaluate a very large number of tobacco-based products and ingredients. The questionable relevance, high cost, and ethical considerations for the use of in vivo testing methods highlight the necessity of robust in vitro approaches to elucidate tobacco-based exposures and how they may lead to pulmonary diseases that contribute to lung exposure-induced mortality worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Raabe
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD
| | | | - Robert Devlin
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kent Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis
| | | | - Chris Wright
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jason Adamson
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Southampton, UK
| | - Xiang Li
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Irfan Rahman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Sonia Grego
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shaun McCullough
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin Hill
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Rodger Curren
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Rodger Curren
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Amatngalim GD, Schrumpf JA, Henic A, Dronkers E, Verhoosel RM, Ordonez SR, Haagsman HP, Fuentes ME, Sridhar S, Aarbiou J, Janssen RAJ, Lekkerkerker AN, Hiemstra PS. Antibacterial Defense of Human Airway Epithelial Cells from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Induced by Acute Exposure to Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Modulation by Cigarette Smoke. J Innate Immun 2017; 9:359-374. [PMID: 28171878 DOI: 10.1159/000455193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) are a central component of the antibacterial activity of airway epithelial cells. It has been proposed that a decrease in antibacterial lung defense contributes to an increased susceptibility to microbial infection in smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, whether reduced AMP expression in the epithelium contributes to this lower defense is largely unknown. We investigated the bacterial killing activity and expression of AMPs by air-liquid interface-cultured primary bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients and non-COPD (ex-)smokers that were stimulated with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). In addition, the effect of cigarette smoke on AMP expression and the activation of signaling pathways was determined. COPD cell cultures displayed reduced antibacterial activity, whereas smoke exposure suppressed the NTHi-induced expression of AMPs and further increased IL-8 expression in COPD and non-COPD cultures. Moreover, smoke exposure impaired NTHi-induced activation of NF-κB, but not MAP-kinase signaling. Our findings demonstrate that the antibacterial activity of cultured airway epithelial cells induced by acute bacterial exposure was reduced in COPD and suppressed by cigarette smoke, whereas inflammatory responses persisted. These findings help to explain the imbalance between protective antibacterial and destructive inflammatory innate immune responses in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gimano D Amatngalim
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Mathews JA, Krishnamoorthy N, Kasahara DI, Cho Y, Wurmbrand AP, Ribeiro L, Smith D, Umetsu D, Levy BD, Shore SA. IL-33 Drives Augmented Responses to Ozone in Obese Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:246-253. [PMID: 27472835 PMCID: PMC5289908 DOI: 10.1289/ehp272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone increases IL-33 in the lungs, and obesity augments the pulmonary effects of acute ozone exposure. OBJECTIVES We assessed the role of IL-33 in the augmented effects of ozone observed in obese mice. METHODS Lean wildtype and obese db/db mice were pretreated with antibodies blocking the IL-33 receptor, ST2, and then exposed to ozone (2 ppm for 3 hr). Airway responsiveness was assessed, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and lung cells harvested for flow cytometry 24 hr later. Effects of ozone were also assessed in obese and lean mice deficient in γδ T cells and their wildtype controls. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Ozone caused greater increases in BAL IL-33, neutrophils, and airway responsiveness in obese than lean mice. Anti-ST2 reduced ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in obese mice but had no effect in lean mice. Obesity also augmented ozone-induced increases in BAL CXCL1 and IL-6, and in BAL type 2 cytokines, whereas anti-ST2 treatment reduced these cytokines. In obese mice, ozone increased lung IL-13+ innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2) and IL-13+ γδ T cells. Ozone increased ST2+ γδ T cells, indicating that these cells can be targets of IL-33, and γδ T cell deficiency reduced obesity-related increases in the response to ozone, including increases in type 2 cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that IL-33 contributes to augmented responses to ozone in obese mice. Obesity and ozone also interacted to promote type 2 cytokine production in γδ T cells and ILC2 in the lungs, which may contribute to the observed effects of IL-33. Citation: Mathews JA, Krishnamoorthy N, Kasahara DI, Cho Y, Wurmbrand AP, Ribeiro L, Smith D, Umetsu D, Levy BD, Shore SA. 2017. IL-33 drives augmented responses to ozone in obese mice. Environ Health Perspect 125:246-253; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP272.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A. Mathews
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Address correspondence to J.A. Mathews, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115-6021 USA. Telephone: (617) 432-0989. E-mail:
| | - Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine Building, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Itiro Kasahara
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Youngji Cho
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison Patricia Wurmbrand
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luiza Ribeiro
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dirk Smith
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dale Umetsu
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruce D. Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine Building, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie Ann Shore
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Zavala J, O'Brien B, Lichtveld K, Sexton KG, Rusyn I, Jaspers I, Vizuete W. Assessment of biological responses of EpiAirway 3-D cell constructs versus A549 cells for determining toxicity of ambient air pollution. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 28:251-9. [PMID: 27100558 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2016.1157227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT EpiAirway™ 3-D constructs are human-derived cell cultures of differentiated airway epithelial cells that may represent a more biologically relevant model of the human lung. However, limited information is available on their utility for exposures to air pollutants at the air-liquid interface (ALI). OBJECTIVE To assess the biological responses of EpiAirway™ cells in comparison to the responses of A549 human alveolar epithelial cells after exposure to air pollutants at ALI. METHODS Cells were exposed to filtered air, 400 ppb of ozone (O3) or a photochemically aged Synthetic Urban Mixture (SynUrb54) consisting of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, O3 and other secondary oxidation products for 4 h. Basolateral supernatants and apical washes were collected at 9 and 24 h post-exposure. We assessed cytotoxicity by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the culture medium and apical surface. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) proteins were measured in the culture medium and in the apical washes to determine the inflammatory response after exposure. RESULTS Both O3 and SynUrb54 significantly increased basolateral levels of LDH and IL-8 in A549 cells. No significant changes in LDH and IL-8 levels were observed in the EpiAirway™ cells, however, IL-6 in the apical surface was significantly elevated at 24 h after O3 exposure. CONCLUSION LDH and IL-8 are robust endpoints for assessing toxicity in A549 cells. The EpiAirway™ cells show minimal adverse effects after exposure suggesting that they are more toxicologically resistant compared to A549 cells. Higher concentrations or longer exposure times are needed to induce effects on EpiAirway™ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Zavala
- a Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC, USA
| | - Bridget O'Brien
- a Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC, USA
| | - Kim Lichtveld
- a Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC, USA
| | - Kenneth G Sexton
- a Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- a Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- a Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC, USA .,b Department of Pediatrics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC, USA , and.,c Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC, USA
| | - William Vizuete
- a Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC, USA
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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Hou J, Wang X, Zheng H, Xiong W, Yuan J. Combined effect of tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate and benzo (a) pyrene on the release of IL-6 and IL-8 from HepG2 cells via the EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate plus benzo (a) pyrene induced inflammatory response in HepG2 cells through the activation of EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430030
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430030
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430030
- P. R. China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430030
- P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430030
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430030
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430030
- P. R. China
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25
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Cote I, Andersen ME, Ankley GT, Barone S, Birnbaum LS, Boekelheide K, Bois FY, Burgoon LD, Chiu WA, Crawford-Brown D, Crofton KM, DeVito M, Devlin RB, Edwards SW, Guyton KZ, Hattis D, Judson RS, Knight D, Krewski D, Lambert J, Maull EA, Mendrick D, Paoli GM, Patel CJ, Perkins EJ, Poje G, Portier CJ, Rusyn I, Schulte PA, Simeonov A, Smith MT, Thayer KA, Thomas RS, Thomas R, Tice RR, Vandenberg JJ, Villeneuve DL, Wesselkamper S, Whelan M, Whittaker C, White R, Xia M, Yauk C, Zeise L, Zhao J, DeWoskin RS. The Next Generation of Risk Assessment Multi-Year Study-Highlights of Findings, Applications to Risk Assessment, and Future Directions. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1671-1682. [PMID: 27091369 PMCID: PMC5089888 DOI: 10.1289/ehp233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Next Generation (NexGen) of Risk Assessment effort is a multi-year collaboration among several organizations evaluating new, potentially more efficient molecular, computational, and systems biology approaches to risk assessment. This article summarizes our findings, suggests applications to risk assessment, and identifies strategic research directions. OBJECTIVE Our specific objectives were to test whether advanced biological data and methods could better inform our understanding of public health risks posed by environmental exposures. METHODS New data and methods were applied and evaluated for use in hazard identification and dose-response assessment. Biomarkers of exposure and effect, and risk characterization were also examined. Consideration was given to various decision contexts with increasing regulatory and public health impacts. Data types included transcriptomics, genomics, and proteomics. Methods included molecular epidemiology and clinical studies, bioinformatic knowledge mining, pathway and network analyses, short-duration in vivo and in vitro bioassays, and quantitative structure activity relationship modeling. DISCUSSION NexGen has advanced our ability to apply new science by more rapidly identifying chemicals and exposures of potential concern, helping characterize mechanisms of action that influence conclusions about causality, exposure-response relationships, susceptibility and cumulative risk, and by elucidating new biomarkers of exposure and effects. Additionally, NexGen has fostered extensive discussion among risk scientists and managers and improved confidence in interpreting and applying new data streams. CONCLUSIONS While considerable uncertainties remain, thoughtful application of new knowledge to risk assessment appears reasonable for augmenting major scope assessments, forming the basis for or augmenting limited scope assessments, and for prioritization and screening of very data limited chemicals. Citation: Cote I, Andersen ME, Ankley GT, Barone S, Birnbaum LS, Boekelheide K, Bois FY, Burgoon LD, Chiu WA, Crawford-Brown D, Crofton KM, DeVito M, Devlin RB, Edwards SW, Guyton KZ, Hattis D, Judson RS, Knight D, Krewski D, Lambert J, Maull EA, Mendrick D, Paoli GM, Patel CJ, Perkins EJ, Poje G, Portier CJ, Rusyn I, Schulte PA, Simeonov A, Smith MT, Thayer KA, Thomas RS, Thomas R, Tice RR, Vandenberg JJ, Villeneuve DL, Wesselkamper S, Whelan M, Whittaker C, White R, Xia M, Yauk C, Zeise L, Zhao J, DeWoskin RS. 2016. The Next Generation of Risk Assessment multiyear study-highlights of findings, applications to risk assessment, and future directions. Environ Health Perspect 124:1671-1682; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP233.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila Cote
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Address correspondence to I. Cote, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8, Room 8152, 1595 Wynkoop St., Denver, CO 80202-1129 USA. Telephone: (202) 288-9539. E-mail:
| | | | - Gerald T. Ankley
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stanley Barone
- Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, U.S. EPA, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and
- National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Frederic Y. Bois
- Unité Modèles pour l’Écotoxicologie et la Toxicologie, Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Lyle D. Burgoon
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Michael DeVito
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and
- National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert B. Devlin
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen W. Edwards
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Dale Hattis
- George Perkins Marsh Institute, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Derek Knight
- European Chemicals Agency, Annankatu, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Lambert
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth Anne Maull
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and
- National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donna Mendrick
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Chirag Jagdish Patel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward J. Perkins
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Gerald Poje
- Grant Consulting Group, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Paul A. Schulte
- Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kristina A. Thayer
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and
- National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Reuben Thomas
- Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Raymond R. Tice
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and
- National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - John J. Vandenberg
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Scott Wesselkamper
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Maurice Whelan
- Systems Toxicology Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Christine Whittaker
- Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronald White
- Center for Effective Government, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carole Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Zeise
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California EPA, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Jay Zhao
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert S. DeWoskin
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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26
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Bromberg PA. Mechanisms of the acute effects of inhaled ozone in humans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2771-81. [PMID: 27451958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ambient air ozone (O3) is generated photochemically from oxides of nitrogen and volatile hydrocarbons. Inhaled O3 causes remarkably reversible acute lung function changes and inflammation. Approximately 80% of inhaled O3 is deposited on the airways. O3 reacts rapidly with CC double bonds in hydrophobic airway and alveolar surfactant-associated phospholipids and cholesterol. Resultant primary ozonides further react to generate bioactive hydrophilic products that also initiate lipid peroxidation leading to eicosanoids and isoprostanes of varying electrophilicity. Airway surface liquid ascorbate and urate also scavenge O3. Thus, inhaled O3 may not interact directly with epithelial cells. Acute O3-induced lung function changes are dominated by involuntary inhibition of inspiration (rather than bronchoconstriction), mediated by stimulation of intraepithelial nociceptive vagal C-fibers via activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) A1 cation channels by electrophile (e.g., 4-oxo-nonenal) adduction of TRPA1 thiolates enhanced by PGE2-stimulated sensitization. Acute O3-induced neutrophilic airways inflammation develops more slowly than the lung function changes. Surface macrophages and epithelial cells are involved in the activation of epithelial NFkB and generation of proinflammatory mediators such as IL-6, IL-8, TNFa, IL-1b, ICAM-1, E-selectin and PGE2. O3-induced partial depolymerization of hyaluronic acid and the release of peroxiredoxin-1 activate macrophage TLR4 while oxidative epithelial cell release of EGFR ligands such as TGFa or EGFR transactivation by activated Src may also be involved. The ability of lipid ozonation to generate potent electrophiles also provides pathways for Nrf2 activation and inhibition of canonical NFkB activation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Air Pollution, edited by Wenjun Ding, Andrew J. Ghio and Weidong Wu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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27
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Rajagopalan S, Brook RD. Ozone-induced Metabolic Effects in Humans. Ieiunium, Conviviorum, aut Timor? (Fasting, Feasting, or Fear?). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:1327-9. [PMID: 27304238 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201601-0142ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Rajagopalan
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert D Brook
- 2 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
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28
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Yan Z, Jin Y, An Z, Liu Y, Samet JM, Wu W. Inflammatory cell signaling following exposures to particulate matter and ozone. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2826-34. [PMID: 27015762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3) are two major ambient air pollutants. Epidemiological and toxicological studies have demonstrated exposure to these pollutants is associated with a variety of adverse health effects, including cardiovascular and respiratory disease, in which inflammation is believed to be a common and essential factor. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review mainly focuses on major inflammatory cell signaling pathways triggered by exposure to PM and O3. The receptors covered in this review include the EGF receptor, toll like receptor, and NOD-like receptor. Intracellular signaling protein kinases depicted in this review are phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Activation of antioxidant and inflammatory transcription factors such as NrF2 and NFκB induced by PM and O3 is also discussed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Exposure to PM or O3 can activate cellular signaling networks including membrane receptors, intracellular kinases and phosphatases, and transcription factors that regulate inflammatory responses. While PM-induced cell signaling is associated with resultant ROS, O3-induced cell signaling implicates phosphates. Notably, the cellular signaling induced by PM and O3 exposure varies with cell type and physiochemical properties of these pollutants. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Cellular signaling plays a critical role in the regulation of inflammatory pathogenesis. Elucidation of cellular signaling pathways initiated by PM or O3 cannot only help to uncover the mechanisms of air pollutant toxicity but also provide clues for development of interventional measures against air pollution-induced disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Air Pollution, edited by Wenjun Ding, Andrew J. Ghio and Weidong Wu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Zhen An
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Effects and Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Effects and Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
| | - James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Effects and Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China.
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29
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McCullough SD, Bowers EC, On DM, Morgan DS, Dailey LA, Hines RN, Devlin RB, Diaz-Sanchez D. Baseline Chromatin Modification Levels May Predict Interindividual Variability in Ozone-Induced Gene Expression. Toxicol Sci 2015; 150:216-24. [PMID: 26719369 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional toxicological paradigms have relied on factors such as age, genotype, and disease status to explain variability in responsiveness to toxicant exposure; however, these are neither sufficient to faithfully identify differentially responsive individuals nor are they modifiable factors that can be leveraged to mitigate the exposure effects. Unlike these factors, the epigenome is dynamic and shaped by an individual's environment. We sought to determine whether baseline levels of specific chromatin modifications correlated with the interindividual variability in their ozone (O3)-mediated induction in an air-liquid interface model using primary human bronchial epithelial cells from a panel of 11 donors. We characterized the relationship between the baseline abundance of 6 epigenetic markers with established roles as key regulators of gene expression-histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac), pan-acetyl H4 (H4ac), histone H3K27 di/trimethylation (H3K27me2/3), unmodified H3, and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC)-and the variability in the O3-induced expression of IL-8, IL-6, COX2, and HMOX1. Baseline levels of H3K4me3, H3K27me2/3, and 5-hmC, but not H3K27ac, H4ac, and total H3, correlated with the interindividual variability in O3-mediated induction of HMOX1 and COX2. In contrast, none of the chromatin modifications that we examined correlated with the induction of IL-8 and IL-6. From these findings, we propose an "epigenetic seed and soil" model in which chromatin modification states between individuals differ in the relative abundance of specific modifications (the "soil") that govern how receptive the gene is to toxicant-mediated cellular signals (the "seed") and thus regulate the magnitude of exposure-related gene induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun D McCullough
- *National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; and
| | - Emma C Bowers
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Doan M On
- *National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; and
| | - David S Morgan
- *National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; and
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- *National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; and
| | - Ronald N Hines
- *National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; and
| | - Robert B Devlin
- *National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; and
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- *National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; and
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30
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Ciszek BP, Khan AA, Dang H, Slade GD, Smith S, Bair E, Maixner W, Zolnoun D, Nackley AG. MicroRNA expression profiles differentiate chronic pain condition subtypes. Transl Res 2015; 166:706-720.e11. [PMID: 26166255 PMCID: PMC4656098 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a significant health care problem, ineffectively treated because of its unclear etiology and heterogeneous clinical presentation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of pain-relevant genes, yet little is known about their role in chronic pain. Here, we evaluate the relationship among pain, psychological characteristics, plasma cytokines, and whole blood miRNAs in 22 healthy controls (HCs); 33 subjects with chronic pelvic pain (vestibulodynia, VBD); and 23 subjects with VBD and irritable bowel syndrome (VBD + IBS). VBD subjects were similar to HCs in self-reported pain, psychological profiles, and remote bodily pain. VBD + IBS subjects reported decreased health and function; and an increase in headaches, somatization, and remote bodily pain. Furthermore, VBD subjects exhibited a balance in proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, whereas VBD + IBS subjects failed to exhibit a compensatory increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. VBD subjects differed from controls in expression of 10 miRNAs of predicted importance for pain and estrogen signaling. VBD + IBS subjects differed from controls in expression of 11 miRNAs of predicted importance for pain, cell physiology, and insulin signaling. miRNA expression was correlated with pain-relevant phenotypes and cytokine levels. These results suggest that miRNAs represent a valuable tool for differentiating VBD subtypes (localized pain with apparent peripheral neurosensory disruption vs widespread pain with a central sensory contribution) that may require different treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney P Ciszek
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Asma A Khan
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hong Dang
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gary D Slade
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Shad Smith
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Eric Bair
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William Maixner
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Denniz Zolnoun
- Pelvic Pain Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrea G Nackley
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
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Feng W, Guo J, Huang H, Xia B, Liu H, Li J, Lin S, Li T, Liu J, Li H. Human normal bronchial epithelial cells: a novel in vitro cell model for toxicity evaluation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123520. [PMID: 25861018 PMCID: PMC4393029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human normal cell-based systems are needed for drug discovery and toxicity evaluation. hTERT or viral genes transduced human cells are currently widely used for these studies, while these cells exhibited abnormal differentiation potential or response to biological and chemical signals. In this study, we established human normal bronchial epithelial cells (HNBEC) using a defined primary epithelial cell culture medium without transduction of exogenous genes. This system may involve decreased IL-1 signaling and enhanced Wnt signaling in cells. Our data demonstrated that HNBEC exhibited a normal diploid karyotype. They formed well-defined spheres in matrigel 3D culture while cancer cells (HeLa) formed disorganized aggregates. HNBEC cells possessed a normal cellular response to DNA damage and did not induce tumor formation in vivo by xenograft assays. Importantly, we assessed the potential of these cells in toxicity evaluation of the common occupational toxicants that may affect human respiratory system. Our results demonstrated that HNBEC cells are more sensitive to exposure of 10~20 nm-sized SiO2, Cr(VI) and B(a)P compared to 16HBE cells (a SV40-immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells). This study provides a novel in vitro human cells-based model for toxicity evaluation, may also be facilitating studies in basic cell biology, cancer biology and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Shenzhen R&D center of State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Juanjuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Shenzhen R&D center of State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongya Liu
- Shenzhen R&D center of State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaolin Lin
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiyuan Li
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Shenzhen R&D center of State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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Barker JS, Wu Z, Hunter DD, Dey RD. Ozone exposure initiates a sequential signaling cascade in airways involving interleukin-1beta release, nerve growth factor secretion, and substance P upregulation. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:397-407. [PMID: 25734767 PMCID: PMC4491938 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.971924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nerve growth factor (NGF) increase synthesis of substance P (SP) in airway neurons both after ozone (O3) exposure and by direct application. It was postulated that NGF mediates O3-induced IL-1β effects on SP. The current study specifically focused on the influence of O3 on IL-1β, NGF, and SP levels in mice bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and whether these mediators may be linked in an inflammatory-neuronal cascade in vivo. The findings showed that in vivo O3 exposure induced an increase of all three proteins in mouse BALF and that O3-induced elevations in both NGF and SP are mediated by the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Further, inhibition of NGF reduced O3 induced increases of SP in both the lung BALF and lung tissue, demonstrating NGF serves as a mediator of IL-1β effects on SP. These data indicate that IL-1β is an early mediator of O3-induced rise in NGF and subsequent SP release in mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Barker
- a Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy , West Virginia School of Medicine , Morgantown , West Virginia , USA
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Wang WY, Komatsu K, Huang Y, Wu J, Zhang W, Lee JY, Miyata M, Xu H, Li JD. CYLD negatively regulates nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced IL-8 expression via phosphatase MKP-1-dependent inhibition of ERK. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112516. [PMID: 25389768 PMCID: PMC4229244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), a Gram-negative bacterium, is the primary cause of otitis media in children and the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. A hallmark of both diseases is an overactive inflammatory response, including the upregulation of chemokines, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8). An appropriate inflammatory response is essential for eradicating pathogens. However, excessive inflammation can cause host tissue damage. Therefore, expression of IL-8 must be tightly regulated. We previously reported that NTHi induces IL-8 expression in an ERK-dependent manner. We also have shown that the deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD) suppresses NTHi-induced inflammation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of how CYLD negatively regulates ERK-mediated IL-8 production is largely unknown. Here, we examine both human lung epithelial A549 cells and lung of Cyld−/− mice to show that CYLD specifically targets the activation of ERK. Interestingly, CYLD enhances NTHi-induced upregulation of another negative regulator, MAP Kinase Phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), which, in turn, leads to reduced ERK activation and subsequent suppression of IL-8. Taken together, the CYLD suppression of ERK-dependent IL-8 via MKP-1 may bring novel insights into the tight regulation of inflammatory responses and also lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for controlling these responses by targeting key negative regulators of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Y. Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Kensei Komatsu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yuxian Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (JDL)
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Masanori Miyata
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Haidong Xu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YH); (JDL)
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Hekking PPW, Bel EH. Developing and emerging clinical asthma phenotypes. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2014; 2:671-80; quiz 681. [PMID: 25439356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
For more than a century, clinicians have attempted to subdivide asthma into different phenotypes based on triggers that cause asthma attacks, the course of the disease, or the prognosis. The first phenotypes that were described included allergic asthma, intrinsic or nonallergic asthma, infectious asthma, and aspirin-exacerbated asthma. These phenotypes are being reviewed elsewhere in this issue of the journal. The present article focuses on developing and emerging clinical asthma phenotypes. First, asthma phenotypes that are associated with environmental exposures (occupational agents, cigarette smoke, air pollution, cold dry air); second, asthma phenotypes that are associated with specific symptoms or clinical characteristics (cough, obesity, adult onset of disease); and third, asthma phenotypes that are based on biomarkers. This latter approach is the most promising because it attempts to identify asthma phenotypes with different underlying mechanisms so that therapies can be better targeted toward disease-specific features and disease outcomes can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter-Paul W Hekking
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elisabeth H Bel
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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