1
|
Makena P, Kikalova T, Prasad GL, Baxter SA. Oxidative Stress and Lung Fibrosis: Towards an Adverse Outcome Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12490. [PMID: 37569865 PMCID: PMC10419527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is a progressive fatal disease in which deregulated wound healing of lung epithelial cells drives progressive fibrotic changes. Persistent lung injury due to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are central features of lung fibrosis. Chronic cigarette smoking causes oxidative stress and is a major risk factor for lung fibrosis. The objective of this manuscript is to develop an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) that serves as a framework for investigation of the mechanisms of lung fibrosis due to lung injury caused by inhaled toxicants, including cigarette smoke. Based on the weight of evidence, oxidative stress is proposed as a molecular initiating event (MIE) which leads to increased secretion of proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators (key event 1 (KE1)). At the cellular level, these proinflammatory signals induce the recruitment of inflammatory cells (KE2), which in turn, increase fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation (KE3). At the tissue level, an increase in extracellular matrix deposition (KE4) subsequently culminates in lung fibrosis, the adverse outcome. We have also defined a new KE relationship between the MIE and KE3. This AOP provides a mechanistic platform to understand and evaluate how persistent oxidative stress from lung injury may develop into lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrudu Makena
- RAI Services Company, P.O. Box 1487, Winston-Salem, NC 27102, USA;
| | - Tatiana Kikalova
- Clarivate Analytics, 1500 Spring Garden, Philadelphia, PA 19130, USA
| | - Gaddamanugu L. Prasad
- Former Employee of RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Prasad Scientific Consulting LLC, 490 Friendship Place Ct, Lewisville, NC 27023, USA
| | - Sarah A. Baxter
- RAI Services Company, P.O. Box 1487, Winston-Salem, NC 27102, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Zhang J, Shi M, Yu S, Ji M, Liang Y, Meng X. Crosstalk between Inflammation and Hemorrhage/Coagulation Disorders in Primary Blast Lung Injury. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020351. [PMID: 36830720 PMCID: PMC9953683 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary blast lung injury (PBLI), caused by exposure to high-intensity pressure waves from explosions in war, terrorist attacks, industrial production, and life explosions, is associated with pulmonary parenchymal tissue injury and severe ventilation insufficiency. PBLI patients, characterized by diffused intra-alveolar destruction, including hemorrhage and inflammation, might deteriorate into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with high mortality. However, due to the absence of guidelines about PBLI, emergency doctors and rescue teams treating PBLI patients rely on experience. The goal of this review is to summarize the mechanisms of PBLI and their cross-linkages, exploring potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets of PBLI. We summarize the pathophysiological performance and pharmacotherapy principles of PBLI. In particular, we emphasize the crosstalk between hemorrhage and inflammation, as well as coagulation, and we propose early control of hemorrhage as the main treatment of PBLI. We also summarize several available therapy methods, including some novel internal hemostatic nanoparticles to prevent the vicious circle of inflammation and coagulation disorders. We hope that this review can provide information about the mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of PBLI for all interested investigators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Rescue Key Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Emergency Management, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Mingyu Shi
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sifan Yu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mengjun Ji
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yangfan Liang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiangyan Meng
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Rescue Key Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Emergency Management, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kletukhina S, Mutallapova G, Titova A, Gomzikova M. Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911212. [PMID: 36232511 PMCID: PMC9569825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial fibrotic disease that leads to disability and death within 5 years of diagnosis. Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease with a multifactorial etiology. The concept of aberrant regeneration of the pulmonary epithelium reveals the pathogenesis of IPF, according to which repeated damage and death of alveolar epithelial cells is the main mechanism leading to the development of progressive IPF. Cell death provokes the migration, proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, which overproduce extracellular matrix, resulting in fibrotic deformity of the lung tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising therapies for pulmonary fibrosis. MSCs, and EVs derived from MSCs, modulate the activity of immune cells, inhibit the expression of profibrotic genes, reduce collagen deposition and promote the repair of damaged lung tissue. This review considers the molecular mechanisms of the development of IPF and the multifaceted role of MSCs in the therapy of IPF. Currently, EVs-MSCs are regarded as a promising cell-free therapy tool, so in this review we discuss the results available to date of the use of EVs-MSCs for lung tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevindzh Kletukhina
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Guzel Mutallapova
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Angelina Titova
- Morphology and General Pathology Department, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina Gomzikova
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-917-8572269
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sengupta A, Roldan N, Kiener M, Froment L, Raggi G, Imler T, de Maddalena L, Rapet A, May T, Carius P, Schneider-Daum N, Lehr CM, Kruithof-de Julio M, Geiser T, Marti TM, Stucki JD, Hobi N, Guenat OT. A New Immortalized Human Alveolar Epithelial Cell Model to Study Lung Injury and Toxicity on a Breathing Lung-On-Chip System. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:840606. [PMID: 35832493 PMCID: PMC9272139 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.840606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of inhalation toxicity, drug safety and efficacy assessment, as well as the investigation of complex disease pathomechanisms, are increasingly relying on in vitro lung models. This is due to the progressive shift towards human-based systems for more predictive and translational research. While several cellular models are currently available for the upper airways, modelling the distal alveolar region poses several constraints that make the standardization of reliable alveolar in vitro models relatively difficult. In this work, we present a new and reproducible alveolar in vitro model, that combines a human derived immortalized alveolar epithelial cell line (AXiAEC) and organ-on-chip technology mimicking the lung alveolar biophysical environment (AXlung-on-chip). The latter mimics key features of the in vivo alveolar milieu: breathing-like 3D cyclic stretch (10% linear strain, 0.2 Hz frequency) and an ultrathin, porous and elastic membrane. AXiAECs cultured on-chip were characterized for their alveolar epithelial cell markers by gene and protein expression. Cell barrier properties were examined by TER (Transbarrier Electrical Resistance) measurement and tight junction formation. To establish a physiological model for the distal lung, AXiAECs were cultured for long-term at air-liquid interface (ALI) on-chip. To this end, different stages of alveolar damage including inflammation (via exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide) and the response to a profibrotic mediator (via exposure to Transforming growth factor β1) were analyzed. In addition, the expression of relevant host cell factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection was investigated to evaluate its potential application for COVID-19 studies. This study shows that AXiAECs cultured on the AXlung-on-chip exhibit an enhanced in vivo-like alveolar character which is reflected into: 1) Alveolar type 1 (AT1) and 2 (AT2) cell specific phenotypes, 2) tight barrier formation (with TER above 1,000 Ω cm2) and 3) reproducible long-term preservation of alveolar characteristics in nearly physiological conditions (co-culture, breathing, ALI). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a primary derived alveolar epithelial cell line on-chip representing both AT1 and AT2 characteristics is reported. This distal lung model thereby represents a valuable in vitro tool to study inhalation toxicity, test safety and efficacy of drug compounds and characterization of xenobiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Sengupta
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nuria Roldan
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Kiener
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laurène Froment
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Raggi
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Theo Imler
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Aude Rapet
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Carius
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicole Schneider-Daum
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Michael Marti
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Janick D Stucki
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Hobi
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier T Guenat
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pereira JM, Xu S, Leong JM, Sousa S. The Yin and Yang of Pneumolysin During Pneumococcal Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878244. [PMID: 35529870 PMCID: PMC9074694 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumolysin (PLY) is a pore-forming toxin produced by the human pathobiont Streptococcus pneumoniae, the major cause of pneumonia worldwide. PLY, a key pneumococcal virulence factor, can form transmembrane pores in host cells, disrupting plasma membrane integrity and deregulating cellular homeostasis. At lytic concentrations, PLY causes cell death. At sub-lytic concentrations, PLY triggers host cell survival pathways that cooperate to reseal the damaged plasma membrane and restore cell homeostasis. While PLY is generally considered a pivotal factor promoting S. pneumoniae colonization and survival, it is also a powerful trigger of the innate and adaptive host immune response against bacterial infection. The dichotomy of PLY as both a key bacterial virulence factor and a trigger for host immune modulation allows the toxin to display both "Yin" and "Yang" properties during infection, promoting disease by membrane perforation and activating inflammatory pathways, while also mitigating damage by triggering host cell repair and initiating anti-inflammatory responses. Due to its cytolytic activity and diverse immunomodulatory properties, PLY is integral to every stage of S. pneumoniae pathogenesis and may tip the balance towards either the pathogen or the host depending on the context of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana M. Pereira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Molecular and Cellular (MC) Biology PhD Program, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciência Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shuying Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John M. Leong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sandra Sousa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Masui A, Hirai T, Gotoh S. Perspectives of future lung toxicology studies using human pluripotent stem cells. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:389-402. [PMID: 34973109 PMCID: PMC8720162 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The absence of in vitro platforms for human pulmonary toxicology studies is becoming an increasingly serious concern. The respiratory system has a dynamic mechanical structure that extends from the airways to the alveolar region. In addition, the epithelial, endothelial, stromal, and immune cells are highly organized in each region and interact with each other to function synergistically. These cells of varied lineage, particularly epithelial cells, have been difficult to use for long-term culture in vitro, thus limiting the development of useful experimental tools. This limitation has set a large distance between the bench and the bedside for analyzing the pathogenic mechanisms, the efficacy of candidate therapeutic agents, and the toxicity of compounds. Several researchers have proposed solutions to these problems by reporting on methods for generating human lung epithelial cells derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Moreover, the use of organoid culture, organ-on-a-chip, and material-based techniques have enabled the maintenance of functional PSC-derived lung epithelial cells as well as primary cells. The aforementioned technological advances have facilitated the in vitro recapitulation of genetic lung diseases and the detection of ameliorating or worsening effects of genetic and chemical interventions, thus indicating the future possibility of more sophisticated preclinical compound assessments in vitro. In this review, we will update the recent advances in lung cell culture methods, principally focusing on human PSC-derived lung epithelial organoid culture systems with the hope of their future application in toxicology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Masui
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Nogi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bennet TJ, Randhawa A, Hua J, Cheung KC. Airway-On-A-Chip: Designs and Applications for Lung Repair and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1602. [PMID: 34206722 PMCID: PMC8304815 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs are affected by illnesses including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and infections such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Physiologically relevant models for respiratory conditions will be essential for new drug development. The composition and structure of the lung extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a major role in the function of the lung tissue and cells. Lung-on-chip models have been developed to address some of the limitations of current two-dimensional in vitro models. In this review, we describe various ECM substitutes utilized for modeling the respiratory system. We explore the application of lung-on-chip models to the study of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette vapor. We discuss the challenges and opportunities related to model characterization with an emphasis on in situ characterization methods, both established and emerging. We discuss how further advancements in the field, through the incorporation of interstitial cells and ECM, have the potential to provide an effective tool for interrogating lung biology and disease, especially the mechanisms that involve the interstitial elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J. Bennet
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Avineet Randhawa
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jessica Hua
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen C. Cheung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi X, An X, Yang L, Wu Z, Zan D, Li Z, Pang B, Chen Y, Li J, Tan P, Ma RZ, Fang Q, Ma Y, Jin J. Reticulocalbin 3 deficiency in alveolar epithelium attenuated LPS-induced ALI via NF-κB signaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L627-L639. [PMID: 33625944 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00526.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by acute lung injury (ALI) secondary to an excessive alveolar inflammatory response. Reticulocalbin 3 (Rcn3) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen protein in the secretory pathway. We previously reported the indispensable role of Rcn3 in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) during lung development and the lung injury repair process. In the present study, we further observed a marked induction of Rcn3 in the alveolar epithelium during LPS-induced ALI. In vitro alveolar epithelial (MLE-12) cells consistently exhibited a significant induction of Rcn3 accompanied with NF-κB activation in response to LPS exposure. We examined the role of Rcn3 in the alveolar inflammatory response by using mice with a selective deletion of Rcn3 in alveolar epithelial cells upon doxycycline administration. The Rcn3 deficiency significantly blunted the ALI and alveolar inflammation induced by intratracheal LPS instillation but not that induced by an intraperitoneal LPS injection (secondary insult); the alleviated ALI was accompanied by decreases in NF-κB activation and NLRP3 levels but not in GRP78 and cleaved caspase-3 levels. The studies conducted in MLE-12 cells consistently showed that Rcn3 knockdown blunted the activations of NF-κB signaling and NLRP3-dependent inflammasome upon LPS exposure. Collectively, these findings suggest a novel role for Rcn3 in regulating the alveolar inflammatory response to pulmonary infection via the NF-κB/NLRP3/inflammasome axis and shed additional light on the mechanism of ARDS/ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie An
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Danni Zan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baosen Pang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiujie Li
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runlin Z Ma
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhong Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmin Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Katsumiti A, Ruenraroengsak P, Cajaraville MP, Thorley AJ, Tetley TD. Immortalisation of primary human alveolar epithelial lung cells using a non-viral vector to study respiratory bioreactivity in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20486. [PMID: 33235275 PMCID: PMC7686381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To overcome the scarcity of primary human alveolar epithelial cells for lung research, and the limitations of current cell lines to recapitulate the phenotype, functional and molecular characteristics of the healthy human alveolar epithelium, we have developed a new method to immortalise primary human alveolar epithelial lung cells using a non-viral vector to transfect the telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) and the simian virus 40 large-tumour antigen (SV40). Twelve strains of immortalised cells (ICs) were generated and characterised using molecular, immunochemical and morphological techniques. Cell proliferation and sensitivity to polystyrene nanoparticles (PS) were evaluated. ICs expressed caveolin-1, podoplanin and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), and most cells were negative for alkaline phosphatase staining, indicating characteristics of AT1-like cells. However, most strains also contained some cells that expressed pro-surfactant protein C, classically described to be expressed only by AT2 cells. Thus, the ICs mimic the cellular heterogeneity in the human alveolar epithelium. These ICs can be passaged, replicate rapidly and remain confluent beyond 15 days. ICs showed differential sensitivity to positive and negatively charged PS nanoparticles, illustrating their potential value as an in vitro model to study respiratory bioreactivity. These novel ICs offer a unique resource to study human alveolar epithelial biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Katsumiti
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain. .,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Pakatip Ruenraroengsak
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Miren P Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Andrew J Thorley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Teresa D Tetley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Conforti F, Ridley R, Brereton C, Alzetani A, Johnson B, Marshall BG, Fletcher SV, Ottensmeier CH, Richeldi L, Skipp P, Wang Y, Jones MG, Davies DE. Paracrine SPARC signaling dysregulates alveolar epithelial barrier integrity and function in lung fibrosis. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:54. [PMID: 32637156 PMCID: PMC7327077 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic scarring disease in which aging, environmental exposure(s) and genetic susceptibility have been implicated in disease pathogenesis, however, the causes and mechanisms of the progressive fibrotic cascade are still poorly understood. As epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are essential for normal wound healing, through human 2D and 3D in vitro studies, we tested the hypothesis that IPF fibroblasts (IPFFs) dysregulate alveolar epithelial homeostasis. Conditioned media from IPFFs exaggerated the wound-healing response of primary human Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Furthermore, AECs co-cultured with IPFFs exhibited irregular epithelialization compared with those co-cultured with control fibroblasts (NHLFs) or AECs alone, suggesting that epithelial homeostasis is dysregulated in IPF as a consequence of the abnormal secretory phenotype of IPFFs. Secretome analysis of IPFF conditioned media and functional studies identified the matricellular protein, SPARC, as a key mediator in the epithelial-mesenchymal paracrine signaling, with increased secretion of SPARC by IPFFs promoting persistent activation of alveolar epithelium via an integrin/focal adhesion/cellular-junction axis resulting in disruption of epithelial barrier integrity and increased macromolecular permeability. These findings suggest that in IPF fibroblast paracrine signaling promotes persistent alveolar epithelial activation, so preventing normal epithelial repair responses and restoration of tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, they identify SPARC-mediated paracrine signaling as a potential therapeutic target to promote the restoration of lung epithelial homoestasis in IPF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Conforti
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Robert Ridley
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Christopher Brereton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Benjamin Johnson
- Cancer Sciences & NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Ben G. Marshall
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Sophie V. Fletcher
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Cancer Sciences & NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Skipp
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Yihua Wang
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Mark G. Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Donna E. Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Exosomal miRNAs in Lung Diseases: From Biologic Function to Therapeutic Targets. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091345. [PMID: 31470655 PMCID: PMC6781233 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests the potential role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in many lung diseases. According to their subcellular origin, secretion mechanism, and size, EVs are currently classified into three subpopulations: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Exosomes are released in most biofluids, including airway fluids, and play a key role in intercellular communication via the delivery of their cargo (e.g., microRNAs (miRNAs)) to target cell. In a physiological context, lung exosomes present protective effects against stress signals which allow them to participate in the maintenance of lung homeostasis. The presence of air pollution alters the composition of lung exosomes (dysregulation of exosomal miRNAs) and their homeostatic property. Indeed, besides their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for lung diseases, lung exosomes are functional units capable of dysregulating numerous pathophysiological processes (including inflammation or fibrosis), resulting in the promotion of lung disease progression. Here, we review recent studies on the known and potential role of lung exosomes/exosomal miRNAs, in the maintaining of lung homeostasis on one hand, and in promoting lung disease progression on the other. We will also discuss using exosomes as prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic tools for lung diseases.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yao L, Conforti F, Hill C, Bell J, Drawater L, Li J, Liu D, Xiong H, Alzetani A, Chee SJ, Marshall BG, Fletcher SV, Hancock D, Coldwell M, Yuan X, Ottensmeier CH, Downward J, Collins JE, Ewing RM, Richeldi L, Skipp P, Jones MG, Davies DE, Wang Y. Paracrine signalling during ZEB1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition augments local myofibroblast differentiation in lung fibrosis. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:943-957. [PMID: 30050057 PMCID: PMC6252080 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to human lung fibrogenesis is controversial. Here we provide evidence that ZEB1-mediated EMT in human alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells contributes to the development of lung fibrosis by paracrine signalling to underlying fibroblasts. Activation of EGFR-RAS-ERK signalling in ATII cells induced EMT via ZEB1. ATII cells had extremely low extracellular matrix gene expression even after induction of EMT, however conditioned media from ATII cells undergoing RAS-induced EMT augmented TGFβ-induced profibrogenic responses in lung fibroblasts. This epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk was controlled by ZEB1 via the expression of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In human fibrotic lung tissue, nuclear ZEB1 expression was detected in alveolar epithelium adjacent to sites of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, suggesting that ZEB1-mediated paracrine signalling has the potential to contribute to early fibrotic changes in the lung interstitium. Targeting this novel ZEB1 regulatory axis may be a viable strategy for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liudi Yao
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Franco Conforti
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Charlotte Hill
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Joseph Bell
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Leena Drawater
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Serena J Chee
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Cancer Sciences & NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ben G Marshall
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sophie V Fletcher
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - David Hancock
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mark Coldwell
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences & NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jane E Collins
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rob M Ewing
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Skipp
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mark G Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Donna E Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Yihua Wang
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fergie N, Todd N, McClements L, McAuley D, O’Kane C, Krasnodembskaya A. Hypercapnic acidosis induces mitochondrial dysfunction and impairs the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to promote distal lung epithelial repair. FASEB J 2019; 33:5585-5598. [PMID: 30649987 PMCID: PMC6436662 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802056r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating disorder characterized by diffuse inflammation and edema formation. The main management strategy, low tidal volume ventilation, can be associated with the development of hypercapnic acidosis (HCA). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic candidate currently in early-phase clinical trials. The effects of HCA on the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium are not well established. The therapeutic efficacy of MSCs has never been reported in HCA. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of HCA on inflammatory response and reparative potential of the primary human small airway epithelial and lung microvasculature endothelial cells as well as on the capacity of bone marrow-derived MSCs to promote wound healing in vitro. We demonstrate that HCA attenuates the inflammatory response and reparative potential of primary human small airway epithelium and capillary endothelium and induces mitochondrial dysfunction. It was found that MSCs promote lung epithelial wound repair via the transfer of functional mitochondria; however, this proreparative effect of MSCs was lost in the setting of HCA. Therefore, HCA may adversely impact recovery from ARDS at the cellular level, whereas MSCs may not be therapeutically beneficial in patients with ARDS who develop HCA.-Fergie, N., Todd, N., McClements, L., McAuley, D., O'Kane, C., Krasnodembskaya, A. Hypercapnic acidosis induces mitochondrial dysfunction and impairs the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to promote distal lung epithelial repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Fergie
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Todd
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lana McClements
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Danny McAuley
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia O’Kane
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Krasnodembskaya
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mao M, Hao L, Wang Y, Liu QQ. Transplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury via Inhibiting the Inflammatory Secretion of Neutrophils in Rats. Am J Med Sci 2018; 357:49-56. [PMID: 30611320 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are special types of stem cells and are a potential novel therapeutic approach in acute lung injury (ALI). Transplantation of EPCs can ameliorate the inflammatory state by reducing adhesion and exudation of inflammatory cells. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of EPCs on inflammatory response modulation remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of EPCs on the modulation of neutrophils in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS EPCs were cocultured with neutrophils after lipopolysaccharide stimulation in vitro or transplanted into ALI rats, and neutrophil inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase and matrix metalloproteinases-9 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an myeloperoxidase detection kits, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that EPCs significantly downregulated the expression of inflammatory mediators when cocultured with neutrophils in vitro or in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that EPCs contributed to lung injury in ALI rats by downregulating neutrophil inflammatory mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Mao
- Department of Geriatrics, No 958 Hospital of PLA, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lei Hao
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Sixth People's Hospital of Ji'nan City Affiliated to Jining Medical College, Jinan, China
| | - Qiu-Qian Liu
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, No.958 Hospital of PLA, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Haggadone MD, Peters-Golden M. Microenvironmental Influences on Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Communication in the Lung. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:963-975. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
16
|
Imai-Matsushima A, Martin-Sancho L, Karlas A, Imai S, Zoranovic T, Hocke AC, Mollenkopf HJ, Berger H, Meyer TF. Long-Term Culture of Distal Airway Epithelial Cells Allows Differentiation Towards Alveolar Epithelial Cells Suited for Influenza Virus Studies. EBioMedicine 2018; 33:230-241. [PMID: 29937069 PMCID: PMC6085545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As the target organ for numerous pathogens, the lung epithelium exerts critical functions in health and disease. However, research in this area has been hampered by the quiescence of the alveolar epithelium under standard culture conditions. Here, we used human distal airway epithelial cells (DAECs) to generate alveolar epithelial cells. Long-term, robust growth of human DAECs was achieved using co-culture with feeder cells and supplementation with epidermal growth factor (EGF), Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor Y27632, and the Notch pathway inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ). Removal of feeders and priming with DBZ and a cocktail of lung maturation factors prevented the spontaneous differentiation into airway club cells and instead induced differentiation to alveolar epithelial cells. We successfully transferred this approach to chicken distal airway cells, thus generating a zoonotic infection model that enables studies on influenza A virus replication. These cells are also amenable for gene knockdown using RNAi technology, indicating the suitability of the model for mechanistic studies into lung function and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aki Imai-Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Martin-Sancho
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Karlas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seiichiro Imai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Zoranovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Mollenkopf
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Core Facility Microarray/Genomics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hilmar Berger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Conforti F, Davies ER, Calderwood CJ, Thatcher TH, Jones MG, Smart DE, Mahajan S, Alzetani A, Havelock T, Maher TM, Molyneaux PL, Thorley AJ, Tetley TD, Warner JA, Packham G, Ganesan A, Skipp PJ, Marshall BJ, Richeldi L, Sime PJ, O'Reilly KMA, Davies DE. The histone deacetylase inhibitor, romidepsin, as a potential treatment for pulmonary fibrosis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48737-48754. [PMID: 28467787 PMCID: PMC5564721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease that usually affects elderly people. It has a poor prognosis and there are limited therapies. Since epigenetic alterations are associated with IPF, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors offer a novel therapeutic strategy to address the unmet medical need. This study investigated the potential of romidepsin, an FDA-approved HDAC inhibitor, as an anti-fibrotic treatment and evaluated biomarkers of target engagement that may have utility in future clinical trials. The anti-fibrotic effects of romidepsin were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo together with any harmful effect on alveolar type II cells (ATII). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from IPF or control donors was analyzed for the presence of lysyl oxidase (LOX). In parallel with an increase in histone acetylation, romidepsin potently inhibited fibroblast proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation and LOX expression. ATII cell numbers and their lamellar bodies were unaffected. In vivo, romidepsin inhibited bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in association with suppression of LOX expression. LOX was significantly elevated in BALF of IPF patients compared to controls. These data show the anti-fibrotic effects of romidepsin, supporting its potential use as novel treatment for IPF with LOX as a companion biomarker for evaluation of early on-target effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Conforti
- The Brooke Laboratory, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Davies
- The Brooke Laboratory, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Claire J Calderwood
- The Brooke Laboratory, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Department of Medicine/Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mark G Jones
- The Brooke Laboratory, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David E Smart
- The Brooke Laboratory, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, UK
| | | | - Tom Havelock
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Toby M Maher
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Thorley
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Teresa D Tetley
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Jane A Warner
- The Brooke Laboratory, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, UK
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Ganesan
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Paul J Skipp
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, UK
| | | | - Luca Richeldi
- The Brooke Laboratory, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Medicine/Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Katherine M A O'Reilly
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Respiratory Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donna E Davies
- The Brooke Laboratory, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Duffney PF, McCarthy CE, Nogales A, Thatcher TH, Martinez-Sobrido L, Phipps RP, Sime PJ. Cigarette smoke dampens antiviral signaling in small airway epithelial cells by disrupting TLR3 cleavage. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L505-L513. [PMID: 29351447 PMCID: PMC5900359 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00406.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smokers and people exposed to second-hand smoke are at an increased risk for pulmonary viral infections, and yet the mechanism responsible for this heightened susceptibility is not understood. To understand the effect of cigarette smoke on susceptibility to viral infection, we used an air-liquid interface culture system and exposed primary human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) to whole cigarette smoke, followed by treatment with the viral mimetic polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) or influenza A virus (IAV). We found that prior smoke exposure strongly inhibited production of proinflammatory (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8) and antiviral [interferon-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and interferons] mediators in SAECs in response to poly I:C and IAV infection. Impaired antiviral responses corresponded to increased infection with IAV. This was associated with a decrease in phosphorylation of the key antiviral transcription factor interferon response factor 3 (IRF3). Here, we found that cigarette smoke exposure inhibited activation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) by impairing TLR3 cleavage, which was required for downstream phosphorylation of IRF3 and production of IP-10. These results identify a novel mechanism by which cigarette smoke exposure impairs antiviral responses in lung epithelial cells, which may contribute to increased susceptibility to respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parker F Duffney
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
| | - Claire E McCarthy
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York
| | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Z, Jiang W, Wu G, Ju X, Wang Y, Liu W. miR-16 inhibits hyperoxia-induced cell apoptosis in human alveolar epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5950-5957. [PMID: 29484411 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and development of novel therapeutic strategies for acute lung injury is urgently required. It has been previously demonstrated that microRNA (miR)‑16 suppresses the level of transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β in acute lung injury (ALI). Therefore, the present study investigated the role of miR‑16 in the phenotype, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and the involvement of TGF‑β/Smad family member 2 (Smad2) and JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signaling, of primary human alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECII). Following transfection with miR‑16 mimics, AECII cells were exposed to hyperoxia for 24 h. Subsequently, immunofluorescence staining of surfactant protein‑A (SP‑A) was performed, and cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by Cell Counting Kit‑8 assays and annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining, respectively. Furthermore, the expression levels of miR‑16, TGF‑β, Smad2, phosphorylated‑Smad2, JAK and STAT3 were detected by western blotting and/or reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that miR‑16 levels and SP‑A fluorescence were markedly inhibited by hyperoxia. Furthermore, transfection of AECII cells with miR‑16 mimics increased SP‑A fluorescence in hyperoxia‑treated AECII cells, significantly reversed hyperoxia‑induced reductions in cell proliferation and inhibited hyperoxia‑induced apoptosis. Finally, miR‑16 mimics modulated the mRNA and protein expression of components of the TGF‑β/Smad2 and JAK/STAT3 pathways in AECII cells following hyperoxia. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that overexpression of miR‑16 may exert a protective effect in AECII cells against cell apoptosis and ALI, which may be associated with TGF‑β/Smad2 and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways. This may also represent a promising target for novel therapeutic strategies for acute lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixi Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital of The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital of The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hospital of The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xueming Ju
- Department of Ultrasound, Hospital of The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Youyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital of The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital of The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang CY, Chen CS, Yiang GT, Cheng YL, Yong SB, Wu MY, Li CJ. New Insights into the Immune Molecular Regulation of the Pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020588. [PMID: 29462936 PMCID: PMC5855810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is an inflammatory disease characterized by dysfunction of pulmonary epithelial and capillary endothelial cells, infiltration of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils, cell apoptosis, necroptosis, NETosis, and fibrosis. Inflammatory responses have key effects on every phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome. The severe inflammatory cascades impaired the regulation of vascular endothelial barrier and vascular permeability. Therefore, understanding the relationship between the molecular regulation of immune cells and the pulmonary microenvironment is critical for disease management. This article reviews the current clinical and basic research on the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome, including information on the microenvironment, vascular endothelial barrier and immune mechanisms, to offer a strong foundation for developing therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yao Yang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Yeung-Leung Cheng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan.
- School of Surgery, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Boon Yong
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mikolka P, Kopincova J, Kosutova P, Kolomaznik M, Calkovska A, Mokra D. Anti-IL-8 antibody potentiates the effect of exogenous surfactant in respiratory failure caused by meconium aspiration. Exp Lung Res 2018; 44:40-50. [PMID: 29324051 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1420272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is life-threatening respiratory failure of newborns which can be treated by exogenous surfactant. In response to meconium, increased levels of chemokine IL-8 (CXCL8) stimulate massive neutrophil infiltration of the lungs. Local accumulation and activation of neutrophils, on-going inflammation, lung edema, and oxidative damage contribute to inactivation of endogenous and therapeutically given surfactants. Therefore, we have hypothesized that addition of monoclonal anti-IL-8 antibody into exogenous surfactant can mitigate the neutrophil-induced local injury and the secondary surfactant inactivation and may finally result in improvement of respiratory functions. METHODS New Zealand rabbits with intratracheal meconium-induced respiratory failure (meconium 25 mg/ml, 4 ml/kg) were divided into three groups: untreated (M), surfactant-treated (M + S), and treated with combination of surfactant and anti-IL-8 antibody (M + S + anti-IL-8). Surfactant therapy consisted of two lung lavages with diluted porcine surfactant Curosurf (10 ml/kg, 5 mg phospholipids (PL)/ml) followed by undiluted Curosurf (100 mg PL/kg) delivered by means of asymmetric high-frequency jet ventilation (f. 300/min, Ti 20%). In M + S + anti-IL-8 group, anti-IL-8 antibody (100 µg/kg) was added directly to Curosurf dose. Animals were oxygen-ventilated for additional 5 h, respiratory parameters were measured regularly. Subsequently, cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), lung edema formation, oxidative damage, levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the lung homogenate were evaluated. RESULTS Surfactant instillation significantly improved lung function. Addition of anti-IL-8 to surfactant further improved gas exchange and ventilation efficiency and had longer-lasting effect than surfactant-only therapy. Combined treatment showed the trend to reduce neutrophil count in BAL fluid, local oxidative damage, and levels of IL-1β and IL-6 more effectively than surfactant-alone, however, these differences were not significant. CONCLUSION Addition of anti-IL-8 antibody to surfactant could potentiate the efficacy of Curosurf on the gas exchange in experimental model of MAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Mikolka
- a Biomedical Center Martin and Department of Physiology , Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava , Martin , Slovakia
| | - Jana Kopincova
- a Biomedical Center Martin and Department of Physiology , Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava , Martin , Slovakia
| | - Petra Kosutova
- a Biomedical Center Martin and Department of Physiology , Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava , Martin , Slovakia
| | - Maros Kolomaznik
- a Biomedical Center Martin and Department of Physiology , Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava , Martin , Slovakia
| | - Andrea Calkovska
- a Biomedical Center Martin and Department of Physiology , Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava , Martin , Slovakia
| | - Daniela Mokra
- a Biomedical Center Martin and Department of Physiology , Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava , Martin , Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Respiratory sensitization: toxicological point of view on the available assays. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:803-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
23
|
Wache S, Helmig S, Walter D, Schneider J, Mazurek S. Impact of biopersistent fibrous dusts on glycolysis, glutaminolysis and serine metabolism in A549 cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9233-9241. [PMID: 28990047 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion rates of different metabolic pathways summarized as a metabolic signature mirror the physiological functions and the general physiological status of a cell. The present study compared the impact of crocidolite and chrysotile asbestos, glass fibers and multi‑walled carbon nanotubes (MWCN) of two different lengths (1‑2 µm and 5‑15 µm) on the conversion rates in glycolysis, glutaminolysis and serine metabolism of A549 cells. The concentration tested was 1 µg/cm2 for all fibers. A concentration of 5 µg/cm2 was additionally used for chrysotile and crocidolite, and 25 µg/cm2 for glass fibers and MWCN. With respect to the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and the extent of metabolic alterations, the present study revealed the following ranking among the fibers tested: Chrysotile>crocidolite>glass fibers>MWCN 5‑15 µm>MWCN 1‑2 µm. For the asbestos and glass fibers this ranking correlated best with the number of fibers. It appeared that the results observed for MWCN did not match this correlation. However, electron microscopy revealed an agglomeration of MWCN. The agglomeration decreased the toxicologically relevant number of fibers by forming larger particle‑like shapes and explained the smaller effects of MWCN 5‑15 µm and 1‑2 µm on cell proliferation and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Wache
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Simone Helmig
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Dirk Walter
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Schneider
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sybille Mazurek
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee G, Jung KH, Ji ES, Bae H. Pyranopyran-1,8-dione, an Active Compound from Vitices Fructus, Attenuates Cigarette-Smoke Induced Lung Inflammation in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071602. [PMID: 28737721 PMCID: PMC5536088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we isolated and identified pyranopyran-1,8-dione (PPY) from Viticis Fructus, as a bioactive compound possessing anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was aimed to evaluate the preventive benefit of PPY on cigarette-smoke (CS)-induced lung inflammation. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CS for 2 weeks while PPY was administrated by oral injection 2 h before CS exposure. To validate the anti-inflammatory effects of PPY, the numbers of immune cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were counted. Proinflammatory cytokines (Tumor necrosis factor-α: TNF-α, IL-6) and keratinocyte chemokine (KC/CXCL1) were also measured. Histopathologic analysis and cellular profiles showed that inflammatory cell infiltrations were significantly decreased in peribronchial and perivascular area by PPY treatment. The alveolar destruction by CS was markedly ameliorated by PPY treatment. In addition, the TNF-α, IL-6, and KC levels were declined in the PPY groups. These observations suggest that PPY has a preventive potential for lung inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gihyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 kyungheedae-ro, dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 kyungheedae-ro, dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Seok Ji
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 kyungheedae-ro, dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 kyungheedae-ro, dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu Z, Jin J, Wang Y, Sun J. High density lipoprotein promoting proliferation and migration of type II alveolar epithelial cells during inflammation state. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:91. [PMID: 28521806 PMCID: PMC5437408 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect and mechanism of high density lipoprotein (HDL) on type II alveolar epithelial cells during inflammation state. METHODS The original generation of type II alveolar epithelial cells were separated in rats and treated with PBS/LPS/HDL/HDL + LPS. To observe the proliferation and migration of type II alveolar epithelial cells with bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) assay, transwell assay and wound healing experiments. In addition, western blot detected the expression of TP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the phosphorylation of AKT/extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tested the secretion of tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-a)/interleukin 1a(IL-1a)/IL-6. RESULTS HDL promoted the proliferation (↑17%, p < 0.001 HDL+ LPS vs. LPS) and migration (wounding healing: ↑93%, p < 0.001 HDL+ LPS vs. LPS; transwell migration: ↑154%, p < 0.001 HDL+ LPS vs. LPS) of type II alveolar epithelial cells. Furthermore, HDL increased the phosphorylation of MAPK, but not AKT/ERK. And HDL decreased the secretion of TNF-a (↓46%, p < 0.01 HDL+ LPS vs. LPS) and IL-1a (↓45%, p < 0.001 HDL+ LPS vs. LPS), but not IL-6. In addition, HDL up-regulated the expression of ABCAI (↑99%, p < 0.001 HDL vs. CON) and down-regulated the expression of CFTR (↓25%, p < 0.05 HDL vs. CON) in type II alveolar epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS HDL increases the phosphorylation of MAPK, which promotes the proliferation and migration of type II alveolar epithelial cells. And it decreased the secretion of TNF-a/IL-1a and the expression of CFTR. All these suggest that HDL plays an important role in anti-inflammatory effect in inflammation state of lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongji Yu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330003, China.,People's Hospital of Shangrao City, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Jingru Jin
- People's Hospital of Shangrao City, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jian Sun
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Camprubí-Rimblas M, Guillamat-Prats R, Lebouvier T, Bringué J, Chimenti L, Iglesias M, Obiols C, Tijero J, Blanch L, Artigas A. Role of heparin in pulmonary cell populations in an in-vitro model of acute lung injury. Respir Res 2017; 18:89. [PMID: 28486961 PMCID: PMC5424410 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the early stages of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pro-inflammatory mediators inhibit natural anticoagulant factors and initiate an increase in procoagulant activity. Previous studies proved the beneficial effects of heparin in pulmonary coagulopathy, which derive from its anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory activities, although it is uncertain whether heparin works. Understanding the specific effect of unfractioned heparin on cell lung populations would be of interest to increase our knowledge about heparin pathways and to treat ARDS. Methods In the current study, the effect of heparin was assessed in primary human alveolar macrophages (hAM), alveolar type II cells (hATII), and fibroblasts (hF) that had been injured with LPS. Results Heparin did not produce any changes in the Smad/TGFß pathway, in any of the cell types evaluated. Heparin reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) in hAM and deactivated the NF-kß pathway in hATII, diminishing the expression of IRAK1 and MyD88 and their effectors, IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-8. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that heparin significantly ameliorated the cells lung injury induced by LPS through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages and the NF-kß pathway in alveolar cells. Our results suggested that a local pulmonary administration of heparin through nebulization may be able to reduce inflammation in the lung; however, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Camprubí-Rimblas
- Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain.,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Raquel Guillamat-Prats
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Sabadell, Spain. .,Fundació Parc Taulí, C/Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Spain.
| | - Thomas Lebouvier
- Intensive Care Unit, Ponchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France.,U991 INSERM Unit, Rennes, France
| | - Josep Bringué
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Laura Chimenti
- Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Manuela Iglesias
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Obiols
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Tijero
- Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Lluís Blanch
- Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Sabadell, Spain.,Critical Care Center, Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Antonio Artigas
- Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain.,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Sabadell, Spain.,Critical Care Center, Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pechous RD. With Friends Like These: The Complex Role of Neutrophils in the Progression of Severe Pneumonia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:160. [PMID: 28507954 PMCID: PMC5410563 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a leading cause of death from infection in the United States and across the globe. During pulmonary infection, clear resolution of host inflammatory responses occurs in the absence of appreciable lung damage. Neutrophils are the first wave of leukocytes to arrive in the lung upon infection. After activation, neutrophils traffic from the vasculature via transendothelial migration through the lung interstitium and into the alveolar space. Successful pulmonary immunity requires neutrophil-mediated killing of invading pathogens by phagocytosis and release of a myriad of antimicrobial molecules, followed by resolution of inflammation, neutrophil apoptosis, and clearing of dead or dying neutrophils by macrophages. In addition to their antimicrobial role, it is becoming clear that neutrophils are also important modulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, primarily through the release of cytokines and recruitment of additional waves of neutrophils into the airways. Though typically essential to combating severe pneumonia, neutrophil influx into the airways is a double-edged sword: Overzealous neutrophil activation can cause severe tissue damage as a result of the release of toxic agents including proteases, cationic polypeptides, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) aimed at killing invading microbes. In extreme cases, the damage caused by neutrophils and other innate immune mediators become the primary source of morbidity and mortality. Here, we review the complex role of neutrophils during severe pneumonia by highlighting specific molecules and processes that contribute to pulmonary immunity, but can also drive progression of severe disease. Depending on the identity of the infectious agent, enhancing or suppressing neutrophil-mediated responses may be key to effectively treating severe and typically lethal pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger D Pechous
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle Rock, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mortaz E, Alipoor SD, Movassaghi M, Varahram M, Ghorbani J, Folkerts G, Garssen J, Adcock IM. Water-pipe smoke condensate increases the internalization of Mycobacterium Bovis of type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549). BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:68. [PMID: 28431548 PMCID: PMC5401461 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem, and there is an association between tobacco smoke and TB. Water pipe smoking has become an increasing problem not only in Middle Eastern countries but also globally because users consider it as safer than cigarettes. The presence of high levels of toxic substances in water-pipe smoke may be a predisposing factor that enhances the incidence of pulmonary disorders. For example, uncontrolled macropinocytosis in alveolar epithelial cells following exposure to water-pipe smoke may predispose subjects to pulmonary infection. Here, we studied the effects of water-pipe condense (WPC) on the internalization of Mycobacterium Bovis BCG by macropinocytosis in the alveolar epithelial cell line A549. METHODS A549 cells were exposed to WPC (4 mg/ml) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Cell viability was studied using the methyl thiazolyldipenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay and proliferation by bromodeoxyUridine (BrdU) incorporation. Cells were exposed to FITC-Dextran (1 mg/ml) (as a control) and FITC-BCG (MOI = 10) for 20 min at 37 °C before cells were collected and the uptake of BCG-FITC determined by flow cytometry. Similar experiments were performed at 4 °C as a control. The Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 (1 μM) was used to assess the mechanism by which WPC enhanced BCG uptake. RESULTS WPC (4 mg/ml) increased the uptake of BCG-FITC after 72 (1.3 ± 0.1 fold, p < 0.05) and 96 (1.4 ± 0.05 fold, p < 0.05) hours. No effect on BCG-FITC uptake was observed at 24 or 48 h. WPC also significantly increased the uptake of FITC-Dextran (2.9 ± 0.3 fold, p < 0.05) after 24 h. WPC significantly decreased cell viability after 24 (84 ± 2%, p < 0.05), 48 (78±, 3%, p < 0.05), 72 (64 ± 2%, p < 0.05) and 96 h (45 ± 2%, p < 0.05). Y-27632 completely attenuated the increased uptake of BCG by WPC. Cell proliferation showed a decreasing trend in a time-dependent manner with WPC exposure. CONCLUSION WPC exposure increased epithelial cell endocytosis activity and death as well as enhancing their capacity for macropinocytosis. Our in vitro data indicates possible harmful effects of WPC on the ability of lung epithelial cells to phagocytose mycobacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamila D Alipoor
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Movassaghi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Center (MRC) National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jahangir Ghorbani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, UK
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ishii T, Hosoki K, Nikura Y, Yamashita N, Nagase T, Yamashita N. IFN Regulatory Factor 3 Potentiates Emphysematous Aggravation by Lipopolysaccharide. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3637-3649. [PMID: 28363903 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often induced by infection and often has a poor prognosis. Bacterial LPS activates innate immune receptor TLR4 followed by activation of a transcriptional factor IFN regulatory factor-3 (IRF3) as well as NF-κB, resulting in upregulation of various inflammatory mediators. To clarify the role of IRF3 in the pathogenesis of LPS-triggered COPD exacerbation, porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) followed by LPS was administered intranasally to wild-type (WT) or IRF3-/- male mice. Sequential quantitative changes in emphysema were evaluated by microcomputed tomography, and lung histology was evaluated at the sixth week. WT mice treated with PPE and LPS exhibited enlarged alveolar spaces, whereas this feature was attenuated in similarly treated IRF3-/- mice. Moreover, LPS-induced emphysema aggravation was detected only in WT mice. Analysis of acute inflammation induced by PPE plus LPS revealed that the lungs of treated IRF3-/- mice had decreased mRNA transcripts for MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, and IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 but had increased neutrophils. IRF3 was involved in the production of mediators from macrophages, alveolar epithelial cells, and neutrophils. Furthermore, compared with isolated WT neutrophils from inflamed lung, those of IRF3-/- neutrophils exhibited impaired autophagic activation, phagocytosis, and apoptosis. These results suggest that IRF3 accelerated emphysema formation based on distinct profiles of mediators involved in LPS-induced COPD exacerbation. Regulation of the IRF3 pathway can affect multiple cell types and contribute to ameliorate pathogenesis of infection-triggered exacerbation of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishii
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; and
| | - Keisuke Hosoki
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; and
| | - Yuichi Nikura
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Naohide Yamashita
- Department of Advanced Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; and
| | - Naomi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Effect of Phospholipid Transfer Protein on Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced IL-8 Production in Human Pulmonary Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2016; 39:1972-1980. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
31
|
Mishra A, Guo Y, Zhang L, More S, Weng T, Chintagari NR, Huang C, Liang Y, Pushparaj S, Gou D, Breshears M, Liu L. A Critical Role for P2X7 Receptor-Induced VCAM-1 Shedding and Neutrophil Infiltration during Acute Lung Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2828-37. [PMID: 27559050 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary neutrophils are the initial inflammatory cells that are recruited during lung injury and are crucial for innate immunity. However, pathological recruitment of neutrophils results in lung injury. The objective of this study is to determine whether the novel neutrophil chemoattractant, soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1), recruits pathological levels of neutrophils to injury sites and amplifies lung inflammation during acute lung injury. The mice with P2X7 receptor deficiency, or treated with a P2X7 receptor inhibitor or anti-VCAM-1 Abs, were subjected to a clinically relevant two-hit LPS and mechanical ventilation-induced acute lung injury. Neutrophil infiltration and lung inflammation were measured. Neutrophil chemotactic activities were determined by a chemotaxis assay. VCAM-1 shedding and signaling pathways were assessed in isolated lung epithelial cells. Ab neutralization of sVCAM-1 or deficiency or antagonism of P2X7R reduced neutrophil infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine levels. The ligands for sVCAM-1 were increased during acute lung injury. sVCAM-1 had neutrophil chemotactic activities and activated alveolar macrophages. VCAM-1 is released into the alveolar airspace from alveolar epithelial type I cells through P2X7 receptor-mediated activation of the metalloproteinase ADAM-17. In conclusion, sVCAM-1 is a novel chemoattractant for neutrophils and an activator for alveolar macrophages. Targeting sVCAM-1 provides a therapeutic intervention that could block pathological neutrophil recruitment, without interfering with the physiological recruitment of neutrophils, thus avoiding the impairment of host defenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amarjit Mishra
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Yujie Guo
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Li Zhang
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Sunil More
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Tingting Weng
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Narendranath Reddy Chintagari
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Yurong Liang
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Samuel Pushparaj
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Deming Gou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China; and
| | - Melanie Breshears
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Department of Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Lin Liu
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Garratt LW, Sutanto EN, Ling KM, Looi K, Iosifidis T, Martinovich KM, Shaw NC, Buckley AG, Kicic-Starcevich E, Lannigan FJ, Knight DA, Stick SM, Kicic A. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Mitigates the Inhibition of Airway Epithelial Cell Repair by Neutrophil Elastase. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 26221769 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0074oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE) activity is associated with many destructive lung diseases and is a predictor for structural lung damage in early cystic fibrosis (CF), which suggests normal maintenance of airway epithelium is prevented by uninhibited NE. However, limited data exist on how the NE activity in airways of very young children with CF affects function of the epithelia. The aim of this study was to determine if NE activity could inhibit epithelial homeostasis and repair and whether any functional effect was reversible by antiprotease alpha-1 antitrypsin (α1AT) treatment. Viability, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation were assessed in healthy non-CF and CF pediatric primary airway epithelial cells (pAECnon-CF and pAECCF, respectively) during exposure to physiologically relevant NE. The effect of NE activity on pAECCF wound repair was also assessed. We report that viability after 48 hours was significantly decreased by 100 nM NE in pAECnon-CF and pAECCF owing to rapid cellular detachment that was accompanied by inflammatory cytokine release. Furthermore, both phenotypes initiated an apoptotic response to 100 nM NE, whereas ≥ 50 nM NE activity significantly inhibited the proliferative capacity of cultures. Similar concentrations of NE also significantly inhibited wound repair of pAECCF, but this effect was reversed by the addition of α1AT. Collectively, our results demonstrate free NE activity is deleterious for epithelial homeostasis and support the hypothesis that proteases in the airway contribute directly to CF structural lung disease. Our results also highlight the need to investigate antiprotease therapies in early CF disease in more detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke W Garratt
- 1 School of Paediatrics and Child Health.,2 Telethon Kids Institute
| | - Erika N Sutanto
- 2 Telethon Kids Institute.,3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Kevin Looi
- 1 School of Paediatrics and Child Health
| | - Thomas Iosifidis
- 1 School of Paediatrics and Child Health.,4 Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Alysia G Buckley
- 2 Telethon Kids Institute.,5 Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Kicic-Starcevich
- 2 Telethon Kids Institute.,3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Francis J Lannigan
- 1 School of Paediatrics and Child Health.,6 School of Medicine, Notre Dame University, Fremantle, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- 7 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,8 Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,9 Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen M Stick
- 1 School of Paediatrics and Child Health.,2 Telethon Kids Institute.,4 Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, and.,3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- 1 School of Paediatrics and Child Health.,2 Telethon Kids Institute.,4 Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, and.,3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,10 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and.,11 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
ResolvinD1 reduces apoptosis and inflammation in primary human alveolar epithelial type 2 cells. J Transl Med 2016; 96:526-36. [PMID: 26878131 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung epithelial apoptosis and inflammatory responses are important pathological processes in many pulmonary disorders. ResolvinD1 (RvD1), generated in inflammatory resolution processes, reduces inflammatory responses in animal models of lung diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether RvD1 attenuates apoptosis and proinflammatory responses in primary human alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2 cells) that are exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. We examined the percentage of apoptotic AEC2 cells by flow cytometry. The expression levels of cytokines and chemokines were determined by ELISA and microarray. The expression levels of molecular signaling modulators were evaluated by western blot. LPS-stimulated AEC2 cells pretreated with RvD1 exhibited a statistically significant reduction in apoptosis. The pretreatment of LPS-stimulated cells with RvD1 stimulated the phosphorylation of AKT and prevented the cleavage of caspase-3, the upregulation of Bax, and the downregulation of Bcl-2. The antiapoptotic effects of RvD1 were abrogated upon pretreatment with a PI3K inhibitor. In addition, RvD1 reduced the release of cytokines and chemokines, and inhibited the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB-α in LPS-stimulated AEC2 cells. RvD1 reduces apoptosis of LPS-exposed AEC2 cells by inducing the phosphorylation of AKT and attenuates the inflammatory response by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB-α.
Collapse
|
34
|
Primary Paediatric Bronchial Airway Epithelial Cell in Vitro Responses to Environmental Exposures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:359. [PMID: 27023576 PMCID: PMC4847021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bronchial airway epithelial cell (BAEC) is the site for initial encounters between inhaled environmental factors and the lower respiratory system. Our hypothesis was that release of pro inflammatory interleukins (IL)-6 and IL-8 from primary BAEC cultured from children will be increased after in vitro exposure to common environmental factors. Primary BAEC were obtained from children undergoing clinically indicated routine general anaesthetic procedures. Cells were exposed to three different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or house dust mite allergen (HDM) or particulates extracted from side stream cigarette smoke (SSCS). BAEC were obtained from 24 children (mean age 7.0 years) and exposed to stimuli. Compared with the negative control, there was an increase in IL-6 and IL-8 release after exposure to HDM (p ≤ 0.001 for both comparisons). There was reduced IL-6 after higher compared to lower SSCS exposure (p = 0.023). There was no change in BAEC release of IL-6 or IL-8 after LPS exposure. BAEC from children are able to recognise and respond in vitro with enhanced pro inflammatory mediator secretion to some inhaled exposures.
Collapse
|
35
|
Tiwari N, Marudamuthu AS, Tsukasaki Y, Ikebe M, Fu J, Shetty S. p53- and PAI-1-mediated induction of C-X-C chemokines and CXCR2: importance in pulmonary inflammation due to cigarette smoke exposure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L496-506. [PMID: 26747783 PMCID: PMC4888555 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00290.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that tumor suppressor protein p53 augments plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) during chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure-induced lung injury. Chronic lung inflammation with elevated p53 and PAI-1 expression in AECs and increased susceptibility to and exacerbation of respiratory infections are all associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We recently demonstrated that preventing p53 from binding to the endogenous PAI-1 mRNA in AECs by either suppressing p53 expression or blockading p53 interactions with the PAI-1 mRNA mitigates apoptosis and lung injury. Within this context, we now show increased expression of the C-X-C chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL2) and their receptor CXCR2, and the intercellular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), in the lung tissues of patients with COPD. We also found a similar increase in lung tissues and AECs from wild-type (WT) mice exposed to passive CS for 20 wk and in primary AECs treated with CS extract in vitro. Interestingly, passive CS exposure of mice lacking either p53 or PAI-1 expression resisted an increase in CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCR2, and ICAM-1. Furthermore, inhibition of p53-mediated induction of PAI-1 expression by treatment of WT mice exposed to passive CS with caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide reduced CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCR2 levels and lung inflammation. Our study reveals that p53-mediated induction of PAI-1 expression due to chronic CS exposure exacerbates lung inflammation through elaboration of CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCR2. We further provide evidence that targeting this pathway mitigates lung injury associated with chronic CS exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Tiwari
- The Texas Lung Injury Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
| | - Amarnath S Marudamuthu
- The Texas Lung Injury Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
| | - Yoshikazu Tsukasaki
- The Texas Lung Injury Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- The Texas Lung Injury Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
| | - Jian Fu
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Sreerama Shetty
- The Texas Lung Injury Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Roflumilast n-oxide associated with PGE2 prevents the neutrophil elastase-induced production of chemokines by epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 30:1-8. [PMID: 26610096 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil chemotaxis is involved in the lung inflammatory process in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Neutrophil elastase (NE), one of the main proteases produced by neutrophils, has an important role in the inflammatory process via the release of chemokines from airway epithelial cells. It was recently shown that roflumilast N-oxide has therapeutic potential in COPD. The aim of the present study was to investigate roflumilast N-oxide's effect on NE-induced chemokine production and signaling pathways in A549 epithelial cells. A549 cells were incubated with NE for 30min, washed with PBS and then cultured for 2h (for measurement of mRNA expression) and 24h (for chemokine release) or for 5 to 30min (for protein phosphorylation assays). Prior to the addition of NE, cells were also pre-incubated with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), alone and in combination with roflumilast N-oxide. Addition of NE was associated with elevated chemokine production by A549 cells and induction of the p38α pathway. In contrast when combined with PGE2, the roflumilast N-oxide had an additive effect on the inhibition of NE-induced chemokine release and p38α and other kinases activation. In conclusion, we demonstrated that NE is able to increase the release of chemokines from epithelial cells via the activation of p38α MAP-kinase and that roflumilast N-oxide when combined with PGE2 lowers NE-induced kinase activation and chemokine production.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ruenraroengsak P, Tetley TD. Differential bioreactivity of neutral, cationic and anionic polystyrene nanoparticles with cells from the human alveolar compartment: robust response of alveolar type 1 epithelial cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2015; 12:19. [PMID: 26133975 PMCID: PMC4489088 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-015-0091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Engineered nanoparticles (NP) are being developed for inhaled drug delivery. This route is non-invasive and the major target; alveolar epithelium provides a large surface area for drug administration and absorption, without first pass metabolism. Understanding the interaction between NPs and target cells is crucial for safe and effective NP-based drug delivery. We explored the differential effect of neutral, cationic and anionic polystyrene latex NPs on the target cells of the human alveolus, using primary human alveolar macrophages (MAC) and primary human alveolar type 2 (AT2) epithelial cells and a unique human alveolar epithelial type I-like cell (TT1). We hypothesized that the bioreactivity of the NPs would relate to their surface chemistry, charge and size as well as the functional role of their interacting cells in vivo. Methods Amine- (ANP) and carboxyl- surface modified (CNP) and unmodified (UNP) polystyrene NPs, 50 and 100 nm in diameter, were studied. Cells were exposed to 1–100 μg/ml (1.25-125 μg/cm2; 0 μg/ml control) NP for 4 and 24 h at 37 °C with or without the antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Cells were assessed for cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidised glutathione (GSSG/GSH ratio), mitochondrial integrity, cell morphology and particle uptake (using electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy). Results ANP-induced cell death occurred in all cell types, inducing increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial disruption and release of cytochrome C, indicating apoptotic cell death. UNP and CNP exhibited little cytotoxicity or mitochondrial damage, although they induced ROS in AT2 and MACs. Addition of NAC reduced epithelial cell ROS, but not MAC ROS, for up to 4 h. TT1 and MAC cells internalised all NP formats, whereas only a small fraction of AT2 cells internalized ANP (not UNP or CNP). TT1 cells were the most resistant to the effects of UNP and CNP. Conclusion ANP induced marked oxidative damage and cell death via apoptosis in all cell types, while UNP and CNP exhibited low cytotoxicity via oxidative stress. MAC and TT1 cell models show strong particle-internalization compared to the AT2 cell model, reflecting their cell function in vivo. The 50 nm NPs induced a higher bioreactivity in epithelial cells, whereas the 100 nm NPs show a stronger effect on phagocytic cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-015-0091-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pakatip Ruenraroengsak
- Lung Cell Biology, Section of Airways Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
| | - Teresa D Tetley
- Lung Cell Biology, Section of Airways Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sweeney S, Theodorou IG, Zambianchi M, Chen S, Gow A, Schwander S, Zhang JJ, Chung KF, Shaffer MSP, Ryan MP, Porter AE, Tetley TD. Silver nanowire interactions with primary human alveolar type-II epithelial cell secretions: contrasting bioreactivity with human alveolar type-I and type-II epithelial cells. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:10398-409. [PMID: 25996248 PMCID: PMC4765325 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01496d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled nanoparticles have a high deposition rate in the alveolar units of the deep lung. The alveolar epithelium is composed of type-I and type-II epithelial cells (ATI and ATII respectively) and is bathed in pulmonary surfactant. The effect of native human ATII cell secretions on nanoparticle toxicity is not known. We investigated the cellular uptake and toxicity of silver nanowires (AgNWs; 70 nm diameter, 1.5 μm length) with human ATI-like cells (TT1), in the absence or presence of Curosurf® (a natural porcine pulmonary surfactant with a low amount of protein) or harvested primary human ATII cell secretions (HAS; containing both the complete lipid as well as the full protein complement of human pulmonary surfactant i.e. SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D). We hypothesised that Curosurf® or HAS would confer improved protection for TT1 cells, limiting the toxicity of AgNWs. In agreement with our hypothesis, HAS reduced the inflammatory and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating potential of AgNWs with exposed TT1 cells. For example, IL-8 release and ROS generation was reduced by 38% and 29%, respectively, resulting in similar levels to that of the non-treated controls. However in contrast to our hypothesis, Curosurf® had no effect. We found a significant reduction in AgNW uptake by TT1 cells in the presence of HAS but not Curosurf. Furthermore, we show that the SP-A and SP-D are likely to be involved in this process as they were found to be specifically bound to the AgNWs. While ATI cells appear to be protected by HAS, evidence suggested that ATII cells, despite no uptake, were vulnerable to AgNW exposure (indicated by increased IL-8 release and ROS generation and decreased intracellular SP-A levels one day post-exposure). This study provides unique findings that may be important for the study of lung epithelial-endothelial translocation of nanoparticles in general and associated toxicity within the alveolar unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinbad Sweeney
- Lung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Airways Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Differential Regulation of Gene Expression of Alveolar Epithelial Cell Markers in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma-Derived A549 Clones. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:165867. [PMID: 26167183 PMCID: PMC4488158 DOI: 10.1155/2015/165867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy appears to be promising for restoring damaged or irreparable lung tissue. However, establishing a simple and reproducible protocol for preparing lung progenitor populations is difficult because the molecular basis for alveolar epithelial cell differentiation is not fully understood. We investigated an in vitro system to analyze the regulatory mechanisms of alveolus-specific gene expression using a human alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cell line, A549. After cloning A549 subpopulations, each clone was classified into five groups according to cell morphology and marker gene expression. Two clones (B7 and H12) were further analyzed. Under serum-free culture conditions, surfactant protein C (SPC), an ATII marker, was upregulated in both H12 and B7. Aquaporin 5 (AQP5), an ATI marker, was upregulated in H12 and significantly induced in B7. When the RAS/MAPK pathway was inhibited, SPC and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression levels were enhanced. After treatment with dexamethasone (DEX), 8-bromoadenosine 3′5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), surfactant protein B and TTF-1 expression levels were enhanced. We found that A549-derived clones have plasticity in gene expression of alveolar epithelial differentiation markers and could be useful in studying ATII maintenance and differentiation.
Collapse
|
40
|
Andelid K, Tengvall S, Andersson A, Levänen B, Christenson K, Jirholt P, Åhrén C, Qvarfordt I, Ekberg-Jansson A, Lindén A. Systemic cytokine signaling via IL-17 in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease: a link to bacterial colonization? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 10:689-702. [PMID: 25848245 PMCID: PMC4381892 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s76273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether systemic cytokine signaling via interleukin (IL)-17 and growth-related oncogene-α (GRO-α) is impaired in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease including chronic bronchitis (OPD-CB). We also examined how this systemic cytokine signaling relates to bacterial colonization in the airways of the smokers with OPD-CB. Currently smoking OPD-CB patients (n=60, corresponding to Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] stage I–IV) underwent recurrent blood and sputum sampling over 60 weeks, during stable conditions and at exacerbations. We characterized cytokine protein concentrations in blood and bacterial growth in sputum. Asymptomatic smokers (n=10) and never-smokers (n=10) were included as control groups. During stable clinical conditions, the protein concentrations of IL-17 and GRO-α were markedly lower among OPD-CB patients compared with never-smoker controls, whereas the asymptomatic smoker controls displayed intermediate concentrations. Notably, among OPD-CB patients, colonization by opportunistic pathogens was associated with markedly lower IL-17 and GRO-α, compared with colonization by common respiratory pathogens or oropharyngeal flora. During exacerbations in the OPD-CB patients, GRO-α and neutrophil concentrations were increased, whereas protein concentrations and messenger RNA for IL-17 were not detectable in a reproducible manner. In smokers with OPD-CB, systemic cytokine signaling via IL-17 and GRO-α is impaired and this alteration may be linked to colonization by opportunistic pathogens in the airways. Given the potential pathogenic and therapeutic implications, these findings deserve to be validated in new and larger patient cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Andelid
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Tengvall
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Andersson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bettina Levänen
- Unit of Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Jirholt
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Åhrén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Qvarfordt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Ekberg-Jansson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindén
- Unit of Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mao P, Wu S, Li J, Fu W, He W, Liu X, Slutsky AS, Zhang H, Li Y. Human alveolar epithelial type II cells in primary culture. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:e12288. [PMID: 25677546 PMCID: PMC4393197 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial type II (AEII) cells are a key structure and defender in the lung but also are the targets in many lung diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, ventilator-induced lung injury, and pulmonary fibrosis. We sought to establish an optimized method for high yielding and long maintenance of characteristics of primary human AEII cells to facilitate the investigation of the mechanisms of lung diseases at the cellular and molecular levels. Adult human peripheral normal lung tissues of oncologic patients undergoing lung resection were collected. The AEII cells were isolated and identified by the expression of pro-surfactant protein (SP)C, epithelial sodium channel (αENaC) and cytokeratin (CK)-8, the lamellar bodies specific for AEII cells, and confirmed by the histology using electron microscopy. The phenotype of AEII cells was characterized by the expression of surfactant proteins (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, SP-D), CK-8, KL-6, αENaC, and aquaporin (AQP)-3, which was maintained over 20 days. The biological activity of the primary human AEII cells producing SP-C, cytokines, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was vigorous in response to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-α. We have modified previous methods and optimized a method for isolation of high purity and long maintenance of the human AEII cell phenotype in primary culture. This method provides an important tool for studies aiming at elucidating the molecular mechanisms of lung diseases exclusively in AEII cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqun He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Arthur S Slutsky
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's HospitalToronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's HospitalToronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, University of TorontoToronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of TorontoToronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee JS, Park SJ, Cho YS, Huh JW, Oh YM, Lee SD. Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) in Smoking-Induced Lung Inflammation and Emphysema. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2015; 78:8-17. [PMID: 25653691 PMCID: PMC4311035 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2015.78.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) not only functions as an intracellular energy sensor and regulator, but is also a general sensor of oxidative stress. Furthermore, there is recent evidence that it participates in limiting acute inflammatory reactions, apoptosis and cellular senescence. Thus, it may oppose the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS To investigate the role of AMPK in cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation and emphysema we first compared cigarette smoking and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]-induced lung inflammation and emphysema in AMPKα1-deficient (AMPKα1-HT) mice and wild-type mice of the same genetic background. We then investigated the role of AMPK in the induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in A549 cells. RESULTS Cigarette smoking and poly(I:C)-induced lung inflammation and emphysema were elevated in AMPKα1-HT compared to wild-type mice. CSE increased AMPK activation in a CSE concentration- and time-dependent manner. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, decreased CSE-induced IL-8 production while Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, increased it, as did pretreatment with an AMPKα1-specific small interfering RNA. CONCLUSION AMPKα1-deficient mice have increased susceptibility to lung inflammation and emphysema when exposed to cigarette smoke, and AMPK appears to reduce lung inflammation and emphysema by lowering IL-8 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seung Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Joo Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asthma Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Sook Cho
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asthma Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Won Huh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Do Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Arimilli S, Damratoski BE, G L P. Methods to evaluate cytotoxicity and immunosuppression of combustible tobacco product preparations. J Vis Exp 2015:52351. [PMID: 25650834 PMCID: PMC4354515 DOI: 10.3791/52351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among other pathophysiological changes, chronic exposure to cigarette smoke causes inflammation and immune suppression, which have been linked to increased susceptibility of smokers to microbial infections and tumor incidence. Ex vivo suppression of receptor-mediated immune responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with smoke constituents is an attractive approach to study mechanisms and evaluate the likely long-term effects of exposure to tobacco products. Here, we optimized methods to perform ex vivo assays using PBMCs stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, a Toll-like receptor-4 ligand. The effects of whole smoke-conditioned medium (WS-CM), a combustible tobacco product preparation (TPP), and nicotine were investigated on cytokine secretion and target cell killing by PBMCs in the ex vivo assays. We show that secreted cytokines IFN-γ, TNF, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-8 and intracellular cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and MIP-1α were suppressed in WS-CM-exposed PBMCs. The cytolytic function of effector PBMCs, as determined by a K562 target cell killing assay was also reduced by exposure to WS-CM; nicotine was minimally effective in these assays. In summary, we present a set of improved assays to evaluate the effects of TPPs in ex vivo assays, and these methods could be readily adapted for testing other products of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Arimilli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences;
| | - Brad E Damratoski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences
| | - Prasad G L
- R&D Department, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Evaluation of Lung Toxicity of Biodegradable Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
45
|
Thorley AJ, Ruenraroengsak P, Potter TE, Tetley TD. Critical determinants of uptake and translocation of nanoparticles by the human pulmonary alveolar epithelium. ACS NANO 2014; 8:11778-89. [PMID: 25360809 PMCID: PMC4246006 DOI: 10.1021/nn505399e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate the size and surface properties of nanomaterials makes them a promising vector for improving drug delivery and efficacy. Inhalation is a desirable route of administration as nanomaterials preferentially deposit in the alveolar region, a large surface area for drug absorption. However, as yet, the mechanisms by which particles translocate across the alveolar epithelial layer are poorly understood. Here we show that human alveolar type I epithelial cells internalize nanoparticles, whereas alveolar type II epithelial cells do not, and that nanoparticles translocate across the epithelial monolayer but are unable to penetrate the tight junctions between cells, ruling out paracellular translocation. Furthermore, using siRNA, we demonstrate that 50 nm nanoparticles enter largely by passive diffusion and are found in the cytoplasm, whereas 100 nm nanoparticles enter primarily via clathrin- and also caveolin-mediated endocytosis and are found in endosomes. Functionalization of nanoparticles increases their uptake and enhances binding of surfactant which further promotes uptake. Thus, we demonstrate that uptake and translocation across the pulmonary epithelium is controlled by alveolar type I epithelial cells, and furthermore, we highlight a number of factors that should be considered when designing new nanomedicines in order to improve drug delivery to the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Thorley
- Lung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, U.K.
| | - Pakatip Ruenraroengsak
- Lung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, U.K.
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Thomas E. Potter
- Lung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, U.K.
| | - Teresa D. Tetley
- Lung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ferreira LEN, Muniz BV, Bittar TO, Berto LA, Figueroba SR, Groppo FC, Pereira AC. Effect of particles of ashes produced from sugarcane burning on the respiratory system of rats. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 135:304-310. [PMID: 25462680 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The practice of burning sugarcane obtained by non-mechanized harvesting exposes workers and the people of neighboring towns to high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) that is harmful to health, and may trigger a series of cardiorespiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of the micro-particles coming from sugarcane burning residues and to verify the effects of this micro-particulate matter on lung and tracheal tissues. Micro-particulate matter (PM10) was obtained by dissolving filter paper containing burnt residues in NaCl solution. This material was instilled into the Wistar rats' nostrils. Histological analyses (hematoxylin and eosin - HE) of cardiac, lung and tracheal tissues were performed. Inflammatory mediators were measured in lung tissues by using ELISA. The chemical composition of the particulate material revealed a large quantity of the phthalic acid ester, high concentrations of phenolic compounds, anthracene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Histological analysis showed a reduction in subjacent conjunctive tissue in the trachea, lung inflammation with inflammatory infiltrate formation and reduction of alveolar spaces and a significant increase (p<0.05) in the release of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and INF-γ in the group treated with PM10 when compared to the control group. We concluded that the burning sugarcane residues release many particles, which have toxic chemical compounds. The micro-particulate matter can induce alterations in the respiratory system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E N Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - B V Muniz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - T O Bittar
- Department of Social Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - L A Berto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - S R Figueroba
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - F C Groppo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A C Pereira
- Department of Social Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sweeney S, Berhanu D, Misra SK, Thorley AJ, Valsami-Jones E, Tetley TD. Multi-walled carbon nanotube length as a critical determinant of bioreactivity with primary human pulmonary alveolar cells. CARBON 2014; 78:26-37. [PMID: 25780270 PMCID: PMC4357847 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) length is suggested to critically determine their pulmonary toxicity. This stems from in vitro and in vivo rodent studies and in vitro human studies using cell lines (typically cancerous). There is little data using primary human lung cells. We addressed this knowledge gap, using highly relevant, primary human alveolar cell models exposed to precisely synthesized and thoroughly characterized MWCNTs. In this work, transformed human alveolar type-I-like epithelial cells (TT1), primary human alveolar type-II epithelial cells (ATII) and alveolar macrophages (AM) were treated with increasing concentrations of MWCNTs before measuring cytotoxicity, inflammatory mediator release and MAP kinase signalling. Strikingly, we observed that short MWCNTs (~0.6 µm in length) induced significantly greater responses from the epithelial cells, whilst AM were particularly susceptible to long MWCNTs (~20 µm). These differences in the pattern of mediator release were associated with alternative profiles of JNK, p38 and ERK1/2 MAP kinase signal transduction within each cell type. This study, using highly relevant target human alveolar cells and well defined and characterized MWCNTs, shows marked cellular responses to the MWCNTs that vary according to the target cell type, as well as the aspect ratio of the MWCNT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinbad Sweeney
- Lung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Deborah Berhanu
- Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Physical Sciences Department, Kingsborough Community College, City University of New York, 2001 Oriental Boulevard, New York, NY 11235
| | - Superb K. Misra
- Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew J. Thorley
- Lung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 2TT, UK
| | - Teresa D. Tetley
- Lung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Moncayo-Nieto OL, Wilkinson TS, Brittan M, McHugh BJ, Jones RO, Conway Morris A, Walker WS, Davidson DJ, Simpson AJ. Differential response to bacteria, and TOLLIP expression, in the human respiratory tract. BMJ Open Respir Res 2014; 1:e000046. [PMID: 25478190 PMCID: PMC4212710 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2014-000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The observation that pathogenic bacteria are commonly tolerated in the human nose, yet drive florid inflammation in the lung, is poorly understood, partly due to limited availability of primary human cells from each location. We compared responses to bacterial virulence factors in primary human nasal and alveolar cells, and characterised the distribution of Toll-interacting protein (TOLLIP; an inhibitor of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling) in the human respiratory tract. Methods Primary cells were isolated from nasal brushings and lung tissue taken from patients undergoing pulmonary resection. Cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, CpG-C DNA or tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Cytokines were measured in cell supernatants. TOLLIP was characterised using quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. Results In primary alveolar, but not primary nasal, cells peptidoglycan significantly increased secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF. TLR2 expression was significantly higher in alveolar cells and correlated with IL-8 production. TOLLIP expression was significantly greater in nasal cells. Conclusion In conclusion, primary human alveolar epithelial cells are significantly more responsive to peptidoglycan than primary nasal epithelial cells. This may partly be explained by differential TLR2 expression. TOLLIP is expressed widely in the human respiratory tract, and may contribute to the regulation of inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lucia Moncayo-Nieto
- University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Thomas S Wilkinson
- Institute of Life Science, Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - Mairi Brittan
- University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Brian J McHugh
- University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Richard O Jones
- University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Andrew Conway Morris
- University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Department of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - William S Walker
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Donald J Davidson
- University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - A John Simpson
- University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK ; Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lin XX, Yang XF, Jiang JX, Zhang SJ, Guan Y, Liu YN, Sun YH, Xie QM. Cigarette smoke extract-induced BEAS-2B cell apoptosis and anti-oxidative Nrf-2 up-regulation are mediated by ROS-stimulated p38 activation. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:575-83. [PMID: 25134437 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.956909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke contains reactive oxygen (ROS) that can cause oxidative stress. It increases the number of apoptotic and necrotic lung cells and further induces the development of chronic airway disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). CSE exposure induced ROS generation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation that are associated with the activation of apoptosis-regulating signal kinase 1 (ASK-1). N-acetylcysteine (a general antioxidant) attenuated the CSE-induced ASK-1 and p38 MAPK activation and cell apoptosis, suggesting a triggering role of ROS in ASK-1/p38 MAPK activation during apoptotic progression. In contrast, the inhibition and knockdown of p38 attenuated the expression of anti-oxidant master NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and CSE-induced apoptosis, suggesting that p38 MAPK modulates Nrf-2 expression and presumably prevents cell apoptosis. Taken together, the data presented in this manuscript demonstrate that the ROS-dependent ASK-1/p38 signaling cascade regulates CSE-induced BEAS-2B cell apoptosis. In addition, anti-oxidative Nrf-2 is also up-regulated by the ROS/p38 signaling cascade in this progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xi Lin
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Food and Drug Administration of China, Medical College of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Petursdottir DH, Chuquimia OD, Freidl R, Fernández C. Macrophage control of phagocytosed mycobacteria is increased by factors secreted by alveolar epithelial cells through nitric oxide independent mechanisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103411. [PMID: 25089618 PMCID: PMC4121081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages are heterogeneous with tissue-specific and niche-specific functions. Thus, simplified models of macrophage activation do not explain the extent of heterogeneity seen in vivo. We focus here on the respiratory tract and ask whether factors secreted by alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) can influence the functionality of resident pulmonary macrophages (PuM). We have previously reported that factors secreted by AEC increase control of intracellular growth of BCG in macrophages. In the current study, we also aimed to investigate possible mechanisms by which AEC-derived factors increase intracellular control of BCG in both primary murine interstitial macrophages, and bone marrow-derived macrophages and characterize further the effect of these factors on macrophage differentiation. We show that; a) in contrast to other macrophage types, IFN-γ did not increase intracellular growth control of Mycobacterium bovis, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) by interstitial pulmonary macrophages although the same macrophages could be activated by factors secreted by AEC; b) the lack of response of pulmonary macrophages to IFN-γ was apparently regulated by suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1; c) AEC-derived factors did not induce pro-inflammatory pathways induced by IFN-γ e.g. expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), secretion of nitric oxide (NO), or IL-12, d) in contrast to IFN-γ, intracellular bacterial destruction induced by AEC-derived factors was not dependent on iNOS transcription and NO production. Collectively, our data show that PuM were restricted in inflammatory responses mediated by IFN-γ through SOCS1 and that factors secreted by AEC- enhanced the microbicidal capacities of macrophages by iNOS independent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagbjort H. Petursdottir
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Olga D. Chuquimia
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raphaela Freidl
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmen Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|