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Yuan M, He Q, Xiang W, Deng Y, Lin S, Zhang R. Natural compounds efficacy in Ophthalmic Diseases: A new twist impacting ferroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116230. [PMID: 38350366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a distinct form of cell death, is characterized by the iron-mediated oxidation of lipids and is finely controlled by multiple cellular metabolic pathways. These pathways encompass redox balance, iron regulation, mitochondrial function, as well as amino acid, lipid, and sugar metabolism. Additionally, various disease-related signaling pathways also play a role in the regulation of ferroptosis. In recent years, with the introduction of the concept of ferroptosis and the deepening of research on its mechanism, ferroptosis is closely related to various biological conditions of eye diseases, including eye organ development, aging, immunity, and cancer. This article reviews the development of the concept of ferroptosis, the mechanism of ferroptosis, and its latest research progress in ophthalmic diseases and reviews the research on ferroptosis in ocular diseases within the framework of metabolism, active oxygen biology, and iron biology. Key regulators and mechanisms of ferroptosis in ocular diseases introduce important concepts and major open questions in the field of ferroptosis and related natural compounds. It is hoped that in future research, further breakthroughs will be made in the regulation mechanism of ferroptosis and the use of ferroptosis to promote the treatment of eye diseases. At the same time, natural compounds may be the direction of new drug development for the potential treatment of ferroptosis in the future. Open up a new way for clinical ophthalmologists to research and prevent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China.
| | - Qi He
- People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, China
| | - Wang Xiang
- The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, China
| | - Ying Deng
- People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, China
| | - Shibin Lin
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Riping Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China.
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Sun MH, Ho TC, Yeh SI, Chen SL, Tsao YP. Short peptides derived from pigment epithelium-derived factor attenuate retinal ischemia reperfusion injury through inhibition of apoptosis and inflammatory response in rats. Exp Eye Res 2024; 238:109743. [PMID: 38056550 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is widely recognized as a neuroprotective factor expressed in the retina and has shown therapeutic potential in several retinal diseases. Our study aimed to identify the neuroprotective fragment in PEDF and investigate its protective activity in retinas under ischemia-reperfusion (IR) condition. We synthesized a series of shorter synthetic peptides, 6-mer (Ser93-Gln98) and its d-form variant (6 dS) derived from the 44-mer (Val78-Thr121; a PEDF neurotrophic fragment), to determine their cytoprotective activity in IR injury, which was induced in rat retinas by injection of saline into the anterior chamber to increase the intraocular pressure (IOP) followed by reperfusion. We found the cytoprotective effect of 6-mer on glutamate-treated Neuro-2a cells and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-treated 661W cells were 2.6-fold and 1.5-fold higher than the 44-mer, respectively. The cytoprotective effect was blocked by a chemical inhibitor atglistatin and blocking antibody targeting PEDF receptor (PEDF-R). IR induced several impairments in retina, including cell apoptosis, activation of microglia/macroglia, degeneration of retinal capillaries, reduction in electroretinography (ERG) amplitudes, and retinal atrophy. Such IR injuries were ameliorated by treatment with 6-mer and 6 dS eye drops. Also, the neuroprotective activity of 6-mer and 6 dS in ischemic retinas were dramatically reversed by atglistatin preconditioning. Taken together, our data demonstrate smallest neuroprotective fragment of PEDF has potential to treat retinal degeneration-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chuan Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-I Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Show-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Ping Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wang X, Li Y, Han L, Li J, Liu C, Sun C. Role of Flavonoids in the Treatment of Iron Overload. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:685364. [PMID: 34291050 PMCID: PMC8287860 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.685364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron overload, a high risk factor for many diseases, is seen in almost all human chronic and common diseases. Iron chelating agents are often used for treatment but, at present, most of these have a narrow scope of application, obvious side effects, and other disadvantages. Recent studies have shown that flavonoids can affect iron status, reduce iron deposition, and inhibit the lipid peroxidation process caused by iron overload. Therefore, flavonoids with iron chelating and antioxidant activities may become potential complementary therapies. In this study, we not only reviewed the research progress of iron overload and the regulation mechanism of flavonoids, but also studied the structural basis and potential mechanism of their function. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of flavonoids as plant iron chelating agents are discussed to provide a foundation for the prevention and treatment of iron homeostasis disorders using flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Li Han
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
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Li L, Wang Y, Qin X, Zhang J, Zhang Z. Echinacoside protects retinal ganglion cells from ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in the rat retina. Mol Vis 2018; 24:746-758. [PMID: 30581281 PMCID: PMC6279312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether echinacoside (ECH) protects the retina against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, sham plus ECH, I/R plus vehicle, and I/R plus ECH. Before the retinal I/R injury produced by high intraocular pressure (HOP), ECH was administered (20 mg/kg daily) for 7 days. The level of retinal cell damage was evaluated using Fluoro-Gold (FG) retrograde labeling and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) analysis 7 days after I/R. Optic nerve histology was analyzed with transmission electron microscopy. Levels of retinal malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined. The expression of apoptosis-associated factors (Apaf-1, Parp, and Bad) were analyzed with western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], and IL-6) was analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 7 days after the I/R injury as well. Results The administration of ECH not only preserved retinal morphology but also attenuated retinal inflammation and apoptosis at 7 days after the I/R injury and decreased I/R-induced oxidative stress in the retina statistically significantly. Conclusions ECH protected against I/R-induced retinal injury, via activation of antioxidant enzymes and suppression of inflammation. Therefore, ECH could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment and management of I/R retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YeFei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - XiuHong Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, DaLian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - ZhenZhen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Guclu O, Guclu H, Huseyin S, Korkmaz S, Yuksel V, Canbaz S, Pelitli Gurlu V. Retinal ganglion cell complex and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses following carotid endarterectomy. Int Ophthalmol 2018; 39:1523-1531. [PMID: 29936686 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-018-0973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine changes in retinal ganglion cell complex (GCC) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in contralateral and ipsilatateral eyes of carotid artery stenosis (CAS) patients before and after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). METHODS Forty-two consecutive patients diagnosed with CAS (70-99% stenosis rate) who underwent CEA were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. The indication for CEA was based on the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography angiography were performed to calculate CAS. All the subjects underwent an ophthalmological examination, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, and OCT before and after the surgery. RESULTS The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 15.2 ± 2.1 mmHg in the ipsilateral eye and 15.8 ± 2.7 in the contralateral eye. The mean postoperative intraocular pressure in the ipsilateral and contralateral eye was 18.6 ± 3.0 and 19.3 ± 3.8, respectively. The intraocular pressure was significantly higher in postoperative eyes (p = 0.0001). There was a statistically significant decrease in peripapillary RNFL thickness in superior quadrants postoperatively in ipsilateral eyes. The retinal GCC layer thickness was not significantly different before and after CEA in ipsilateral and contralateral eyes. CONCLUSIONS Carotid endarterectomy results in thinning of the superior peripapillary RNFL thickness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine peripapillary RNFL and GCC thicknesses before and after CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orkut Guclu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Hande Guclu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Serhat Huseyin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Korkmaz
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical School of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Volkan Yuksel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Suat Canbaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Vuslat Pelitli Gurlu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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The Involvement of β-Catenin/COX-2/VEGF Axis in NMDA-Caused Retinopathy. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:9760501. [PMID: 29158916 PMCID: PMC5660823 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9760501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA, a molecule that is capable of producing the loss of retinal ganglia cells (RGCs), has been widely studied; however, the detailed mechanism is not yet clarified. Previously, Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been suggested to be involved in the NMDA-induced retinopathy. In addition, previous investigations in our group demonstrated the presence of a Wnt/β-catenin/COX-2 axis in dorsal root ganglions (DRGs). Therefore, here in this paper, we tested whether there is an association of such axis with NMDA-induced RGC loss. Rat retinal damage models generated by intravitreal injection of NMDA were used to measure the expression levels of β-catenin, COX-2, and VEGF in retinas, and the neuron numbers of the retinal GCL of rats were counted. Then, pharmacological tools (MK801, a NMDA receptor inhibitor; Dickkopf homolog 1, a specific inhibitor of the Wnt pathway; NS-398, a COX-2 inhibitor; and bevacizumab, IVB, a VEGF inhibitor) were introduced to evaluate the detailed roles of Wnt/β-catenin, COX-2, and VEGF in retinopathy of rats. Results demonstrated that all three factors in sequence are positively regulated neuronal loss induced by NMDA. These observations indicated that the Wnt pathway/COX-2/VEGF axis plays a pathogenic role in retinopathy and represented novel therapeutic targets.
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He S, Stankowska DL, Ellis DZ, Krishnamoorthy RR, Yorio T. Targets of Neuroprotection in Glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 34:85-106. [PMID: 28820649 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive neurodegeneration of the optic nerve and the loss of retinal ganglion cells is a hallmark of glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) being the most frequent form of glaucoma in the Western world. While some genetic mutations have been identified for some glaucomas, those associated with POAG are limited and for most POAG patients, the etiology is still unclear. Unfortunately, treatment of this neurodegenerative disease and other retinal degenerative diseases is lacking. For POAG, most of the treatments focus on reducing aqueous humor formation, enhancing uveoscleral or conventional outflow, or lowering intraocular pressure through surgical means. These efforts, in some cases, do not always lead to a prevention of vision loss and therefore other strategies are needed to reduce or reverse the progressive neurodegeneration. In this review, we will highlight some of the ocular pharmacological approaches that are being tested to reduce neurodegeneration and provide some form of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing He
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Dorota L Stankowska
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Dorette Z Ellis
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Raghu R Krishnamoorthy
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Thomas Yorio
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
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Biswal MR, Han P, Zhu P, Wang Z, Li H, Ildefonso CJ, Lewin AS. Timing of Antioxidant Gene Therapy: Implications for Treating Dry AMD. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:1237-1245. [PMID: 28241311 PMCID: PMC5338629 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether antioxidant gene therapy protects the structure and function of retina in a murine model of RPE atrophy, and to determine whether antioxidant gene therapy can prevent degeneration once it has begun. Methods We induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in RPE by conditional deletion of Sod2, the gene for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). These mice exhibited localized atrophy of the RPE and overlying photoreceptors. We restored Sod2 to the RPE of one eye using adeno-associated virus (AAV) by subretinal injection at an early (6 weeks) and a late stage (6 months), injecting the other eye with an AAV vector expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Retinal degeneration was monitored over a period of 9 months by electroretinography (ERG) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Immunohistochemical and histologic analyses were conducted to measure oxidative stress markers and to visualize retinal structure. Results One month after delivery, the AAV-Sod2 injection resulted in production of MnSod in the RPE and negligible expression in the neural retina. Electroretinography and OCT suggested no adverse effects due to increased expression of MnSOD or subretinal injection. Decrease in the ERG response and thinning retinal thickness was significantly delayed in eyes with early treatment with the Sod2 vector, but treatment at 6 months of age did not affect the ERG decline seen in these mice. Conclusions We conclude that antioxidant gene therapy may be effective in preventing the detrimental effects of oxidative stress, but may not be beneficial once substantial tissue damage has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas R Biswal
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Pingyang Han
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Cristhian J Ildefonso
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Alfred S Lewin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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Arginase 2 promotes neurovascular degeneration during ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2483. [PMID: 27882947 PMCID: PMC5260867 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness and is involved in various disorders including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, optic neuropathies and retinopathy of prematurity. Neurovascular degeneration is a common feature of these pathologies. Our lab has previously reported that the ureahydrolase arginase 2 (A2) is involved in ischemic retinopathies. Here, we are introducing A2 as a therapeutic target to prevent neurovascular injury after retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) insult. Studies were performed with mice lacking both copies of A2 (A2−/−) and wild-type (WT) controls (C57BL6J). I/R insult was conducted on the right eye and the left eye was used as control. Retinas were collected for analysis at different times (3 h–4 week after injury). Neuronal and microvascular degeneration were evaluated using NeuN staining and vascular digests, respectively. Glial activation was evaluated by glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. Necrotic cell death was studied by propidium iodide labeling and western blot for RIP-3. Arginase expression was determined by western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. Retinal function was determined by electroretinography (ERG). A2 mRNA and protein levels were increased in WT I/R. A2 deletion significantly reduced ganglion cell loss and microvascular degeneration and preserved retinal morphology after I/R. Glial activation, reactive oxygen species formation and cell death by necroptosis were significantly reduced by A2 deletion. ERG showed improved positive scotopic threshold response with A2 deletion. This study shows for the first time that neurovascular injury after retinal I/R is mediated through increased expression of A2. Deletion of A2 was found to be beneficial in reducing neurovascular degeneration after I/R.
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Physical interaction of estrogen receptor with MnSOD: implication in mitochondrial O 2.- upregulation and mTORC2 potentiation in estrogen-responsive breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2016; 36:1829-1839. [PMID: 27721400 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Augmented reactive oxygen species levels consequential to functional alteration of key mitochondrial attributes contribute to carcinogenesis, either directly via oxidative DNA damage infliction or indirectly via activation of oncogenic signaling cascades. We previously reported activation of a key oncogenic signaling cascade via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling complex-2 (mTORC2) owing to estrogen receptor (ER-α)-dependent augmentation of O2.- within the mitochondria of 17-β-estradiol (E2)-stimulated breast cancer cells. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the principal mitochondrial attribute governing mitochondrial O2.- homeostasis, raising the possibility that its functional alteration could be instrumental in augmenting mitochondrial O2.- levels in breast cancer cells. Here we show ER-dependent transient inhibition of MnSOD catalytic function in breast cancer cells. Catalytic function of MnSOD is tightly regulated at the post-translational level. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, nitration and acetylation represent key regulatory means governing the catalytic function of MnSOD. Acetylation at lysine-68 (K68) inhibits MnSOD catalytic activity and thus represents an important post-translational regulatory mechanism in human cells. Using reciprocal immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay, we demonstrate the occurrence of direct physical interaction between ER-α and MnSOD in human breast cancer cells, which in turn was associated with potentiated acetylation of MnSOD at K68. In addition, we also observed diminished interaction of MnSOD with sirtuin-3, the key mitochondrial deacetylase that deacetylates MnSOD at critical K68 and thereby activates it for scavenging O2.-. Consequently, compromised deacetylation of MnSOD at K68 leading to its inhibition and a resultant buildup of O2.- within the mitochondria culminated in the activation of mTORC2. In agreement with this, human breast cancer tissue specimen exhibited a positive correlation between acetyl-MnSODK68 levels and phospho-Ser2481 mTOR levels. In addition to exposing the crosstalk of ER-α with MnSOD post-translational regulatory mechanisms, these data also unravel a regulatory role of ER/MnSOD interaction as an important control switch for redox regulation of ER-α-responsive oncogenic signaling cascades. Furthermore, our study provides a mechanistic link for ER-α-dependent O2.- potentiation and resultant mTORC2 activation in breast cancer cells.
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Kal A, Kal O, Akillioglu I, Celik E, Yilmaz M, Gonul S, Solmaz M, Onal O. The protective effect of prophylactic ozone administration against retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2016; 36:39-47. [PMID: 27028056 DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2016.1156120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is associated with many ocular diseases. Retinal IR injury leads to the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), loss of retinal function and ultimately vision loss. The aim of this study was to show the protective effects of prophylactic ozone administration against retinal IR injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sham group (S) (n = 7) was administered physiological saline (PS) intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 d. An ischemia reperfusion (IR) group (n = 7) was subjected to retinal ischemia followed by reperfusion for 2 h. An ozone group (O) (n = 7) was administered 1 mg/kg of ozone i.p. for 7 d. In the ozone + IR (O + IR) group (n = 7), 1 mg/kg of ozone was administered i.p. for 7 d before the IR procedure and at 8 d, the IR injury was created (as in IR group). The rats were anesthetized after second hour of reperfusion and their intracardiac blood was drawn completely and they were sacrificed. Blood samples were sent to a laboratory for analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant score (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The degree of retinal injury was evaluated according to changes in retinal cells and necrotic and apoptotic cells using the TUNEL method. Data were evaluated statistically with the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS The number of RGCs and the inner retinal thickness were significantly decreased after ischemia, and treatment with ozone significantly inhibited retinal ischemic injury. In the IR group, the degree of retinal injury was found to be the highest. In the O + IR group, retinal injury was found to be decreased in comparison to the IR group. In the ozone group without retinal IR injury, the retinal injury score was the lowest. The differences in the antioxidant parameters SOD, GSH-Px and TAC were increased in the ozone group and the lowest in the IR group. The oxidant parameters MDA and TOS were found to be the highest in the IR group and decreased in the ozone group. DISCUSSION IR injury is also positively correlated with the degree of early apoptosis. This study demonstrated that ozone can attenuate subsequent ischemic damage in the rat retina through triggering the increase of the antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kal
- a Department of Ophthalmology
| | | | - Ishak Akillioglu
- c Department of Pediatric Surgery , Baskent University, Medical Faculty , Konya , Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | - Ozkan Onal
- h Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation , Medical Faculty, Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey
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Jiang W, Tang L, Zeng J, Chen B. Adeno-associated virus mediated SOD gene therapy protects the retinal ganglion cells from chronic intraocular pressure elevation induced injury via attenuating oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial dysfunction in a rat model. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:799-810. [PMID: 27158370 PMCID: PMC4846927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether chronic intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation induces retinal oxidative stress and alters mitochondrial morphology and function of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and to explore the effects of AAV-SOD2 gene therapy on the RGC survival and mitochondrial dysfunction. METHODS Chronic experimental glaucoma was induced unilaterally in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by laser burns at trabecular meshwork and episcleral veins 2 times with an interval of one week. One eye of each rat was intravitreally pretreated with recombinant adeno-associated virus expressing SOD2 (AAV-SOD2) or recombinant AAV expressing GFP (AAV-GFP) 21 days before glaucoma induction. RGCs counting, morphometric analysis of retina and optic nerve, and detection of activities of retinal SOD2 and catalase, MDA, mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial dynamin protein OPA1 and DRP-1 expressions were conducted at 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks. RESULTS Severe RGC loss, degeneration of optic nerve, reduced thickness of RGC layer and nerve fiber layer, significant decrease in total SOD and catalase activities, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased MDA were observed at 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after glaucoma. Pretreatment with AAV-SOD2 significantly reduced MDA and attenuated the damage to RGCs through a mitochondria-related pathway. CONCLUSION AAV mediated pre-treatment with SOD2 is able to attenuate oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial dysfunction of RGC and optic nerve secondary to glaucoma. Thus, SOD2 may be used to prevent the retinal RGCs from glaucoma, which provides a promising strategy for glaucoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Luosheng Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Baihua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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Ambrecht LA, Perlman JI, McDonnell JF, Zhai Y, Qiao L, Bu P. Protection of retinal function by sulforaphane following retinal ischemic injury. Exp Eye Res 2015; 138:66-9. [PMID: 26142954 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane, a precursor of glucosinolate in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and cauliflower, has been shown to protect brain ischemic injury. In this study, we examined the effect of systemic administration of sulforaphane on retinal ischemic reperfusion injury. Intraocular pressure was elevated in two groups of C57BL/6 mice (n = 8 per group) for 45 min to induce retinal ischemic reperfusion injury. Following retinal ischemic reperfusion injury, vehicle (1% DMSO saline) or sulforaphane (25 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally daily for 5 days. Scotopic electroretinography (ERG) was used to quantify retinal function prior to and one-week after retinal ischemic insult. Retinal morphology was examined one week after ischemic insult. Following ischemic reperfusion injury, ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes were significantly reduced in the control mice. Sulforaphane treatment significantly attenuated ischemic-induced loss of retinal function as compared to vehicle treated mice. In vehicle treated mice, ischemic reperfusion injury produced marked thinning of the inner retinal layers, but the thinning of the inner retinal layers appeared significantly less with sulforaphane treatment. Thus, sulforaphane may be beneficial in the treatment of retinal disorders with ischemic reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Ambrecht
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Jay I Perlman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Surgery Service, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA
| | - James F McDonnell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Yougang Zhai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Ping Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Research Service, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA.
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Lee D, Kim KY, Shim MS, Kim SY, Ellisman MH, Weinreb RN, Ju WK. Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates oxidative stress and prevents mitochondrial alteration in ischemic retinal injury. Apoptosis 2015; 19:603-14. [PMID: 24337820 PMCID: PMC3938850 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) acts by scavenging reactive oxygen species for protecting neuronal cells against oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. We tested whether a diet supplemented with CoQ10 ameliorates oxidative stress and mitochondrial alteration, as well as promotes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival in ischemic retina induced by intraocular pressure elevation. A CoQ10 significantly promoted RGC survival at 2 weeks after ischemia. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression were significantly increased at 12 h after ischemic injury. In contrast, the CoQ10 significantly prevented the upregulation of SOD2 and HO-1 protein expression in ischemic retina. In addition, the CoQ10 significantly blocked activation of astroglial and microglial cells in ischemic retina. Interestingly, the CoQ10 blocked apoptosis by decreasing caspase-3 protein expression in ischemic retina. Bax and phosphorylated Bad (pBad) protein expression were significantly increased in ischemic retina at 12 h. Interestingly, while CoQ10 significantly decreased Bax protein expression in ischemic retina, CoQ10 showed greater increase of pBad protein expression. Of interest, ischemic injury significantly increased mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) protein expression in the retina at 12 h, however, CoQ10 significantly preserved Tfam protein expression in ischemic retina. Interestingly, there were no differences in mitochondrial DNA content among control- or CoQ10-treated groups. Our findings demonstrate that CoQ10 protects RGCs against oxidative stress by modulating the Bax/Bad-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as well as prevents mitochondrial alteration by preserving Tfam protein expression in ischemic retina. Our results suggest that CoQ10 may provide neuroprotection against oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial alterations in ischemic retinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Lee
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonju, Chonbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Research on Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Myoung Sup Shim
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Sang Yeop Kim
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Mark H. Ellisman
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Research on Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Robert N. Weinreb
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
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15
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Nakahara T, Hoshino M, Hoshino SI, Mori A, Sakamoto K, Ishii K. Structural and functional changes in retinal vasculature induced by retinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Exp Eye Res 2015; 135:134-45. [PMID: 25728136 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown retinal blood vessel damage in experimental models of retinal degeneration. The present study aimed to provide a detailed description of the structural and functional changes in retinal vasculature induced by retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Retinal ischemia was induced for 60 min by raising the intraocular pressure to 130 mmHg. Morphological changes in vascular components (endothelial cells, pericytes, and basement membranes), the patency and perfusion of blood vessels, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed in the retinas at 2, 7, and 14 days after I/R. Significant reductions in vascular densities were observed at 7 and 14 days after I/R. Pericyte loss occurred after the appearance of endothelial cell degeneration, whereas the vascular basement membranes remained unchanged. Some vessels showed no perfusion in damaged retina. A decrease in the immunoreactivity of VEGF in the region extending from the ganglion cell layer to the outer plexiform layer was evident 2 days after I/R. In retinal I/R model, retinal ganglion cells are rapidly (<2 day) damaged following reperfusion, therefore, the current results suggest that neuronal cell damage precedes capillary degeneration, and neuronal cells may play an important role in maintaining vascular structure and function through the production and release of endothelial cell survival factors, including VEGF. Neuronal cell damage could be an additional cause of progression of ischemic retinal damage by reducing blood supply to the retinal neurons due to the destruction of the blood vessel network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Maya Hoshino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hoshino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Asami Mori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kunio Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Mori A, Hanada M, Sakamoto K, Nakahara T, Ishii K. Impaired retinal vasodilator response to acetylcholine in a rat model of NMDA-induced retinal degeneration. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 127:211-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Zhang L, Xia H, Han Q, Chen B. Effects of antioxidant gene therapy on the development of diabetic retinopathy and the metabolic memory phenomenon. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 253:249-59. [PMID: 25301398 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect and mechanism of AAV-MnSOD by intravitreal injection on diabetic retinopathy (DRP) and the metabolic memory phenomenon. METHODS The effect of hyperglycemia and metabolic memory on the thickness of basement membrane, ratio of pericyte area and cross-sectional area of capillary vessels in the nerve fiber layer and outer plexiform layer; retinal capillary cell apoptosis; number of acellular capillaries and activities of retinal MnSOD and catalase were examined and compared with intravitreal injection of AAV-MnSOD by transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL assay, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Hyperglycemia increased the thickness of capillary basement membranes in the nerve fiber layer and outer plexiform layer, decreased the ratio of pericyte area and cross-sectional area of capillary vessels, increased numbers of acellular capillaries and apoptosis of retinal capillary cells, and decreased activities of retinal MnSOD and catalase. Termination of hyperglycemia cannot reverse pathological changes listed above. Intra-vitreal injection of AAV-MnSOD dramatically elevated the level and activities of retinal MnSOD and catalase, and effectively prevented the progression of DRP and the metabolic memory phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS Increasing reactive oxygen species concentration and continuous decreasing of antioxidant enzyme activity play important roles in DRP and the metabolic memory phenomenon. AAV-MnSOD gene therapy provides a promising strategy to inhibit this blinding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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18
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Abcouwer SF, Lin CM, Shanmugam S, Muthusamy A, Barber AJ, Antonetti DA. Minocycline prevents retinal inflammation and vascular permeability following ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:149. [PMID: 24325836 PMCID: PMC3866619 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many retinal diseases are associated with vascular dysfunction accompanied by neuroinflammation. We examined the ability of minocycline (Mino), a tetracycline derivative with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, to prevent vascular permeability and inflammation following retinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, a model of retinal neurodegeneration with breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 45 min of pressure-induced retinal ischemia, with the contralateral eye serving as control. Rats were treated with Mino prior to and following IR. At 48 h after reperfusion, retinal gene expression, cellular inflammation, Evan’s blue dye leakage, tight junction protein organization, caspase-3 activation, and DNA fragmentation were measured. Cellular inflammation was quantified by flow-cytometric evaluation of retinal tissue using the myeloid marker CD11b and leukocyte common antigen CD45 to differentiate and quantify CD11b+/CD45low microglia, CD11b+/CD45hi myeloid leukocytes and CD11bneg/CD45hi lymphocytes. Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) immunoreactivity was used to determine the inflammatory state of these cells. Results Mino treatment significantly inhibited IR-induced retinal vascular permeability and disruption of tight junction organization. Retinal IR injury significantly altered mRNA expression for 21 of 25 inflammation- and gliosis-related genes examined. Of these, Mino treatment effectively attenuated IR-induced expression of lipocalin 2 (LCN2), serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 3 N (SERPINA3N), TNF receptor superfamily member 12A (TNFRSF12A), monocyte chemoattractant-1 (MCP-1, CCL2) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). A marked increase in leukostasis of both myeloid leukocytes and lymphocytes was observed following IR. Mino treatment significantly reduced retinal leukocyte numbers following IR and was particularly effective in decreasing the appearance of MHCII+ inflammatory leukocytes. Surprisingly, Mino did not significantly inhibit retinal cell death in this model. Conclusions IR induces a retinal neuroinflammation within hours of reperfusion characterized by inflammatory gene expression, leukocyte adhesion and invasion, and vascular permeability. Despite Mino significantly inhibiting these responses, it failed to block neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Abcouwer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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19
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Vitreous mediators in retinal hypoxic diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:935301. [PMID: 23365490 PMCID: PMC3556845 DOI: 10.1155/2013/935301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The causes of retinal hypoxia are many and varied. Under hypoxic conditions, a variety of soluble factors are secreted into the vitreous cavity including growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Cytokines, which usually serve as signals between neighboring cells, are involved in essentially every important biological process, including cell proliferation, inflammation, immunity, migration, fibrosis, tissue repair, and angiogenesis. Cytokines and chemokines are multifunctional mediators that can direct the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation, promote the process, enhance immune responses, and promote stem cell survival, development, and homeostasis. The modern particle-based flow cytometric analysis is more direct, stable and sensitive than the colorimetric readout of the conventional ELISA but, similar to ELISA, is influenced by vitreous hemorrhage, disruption of the blood-retina barrier, and high serum levels of a specific protein. Finding patterns in the expression of inflammatory cytokines specific to a particular disease can substantially contribute to the understanding of its basic mechanism and to the development of a targeted therapy.
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20
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Brantley MA, Sternberg P. Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Retinal Injury. Retina 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-0737-9.00022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Lu L, Seidel CP, Iwase T, Stevens RK, Gong YY, Wang X, Hackett SF, Campochiaro PA. Suppression of GLUT1; A new strategy to prevent diabetic complications. J Cell Physiol 2012; 228:251-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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22
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Hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in ischemic retinopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:426769. [PMID: 23125893 PMCID: PMC3483772 DOI: 10.1155/2012/426769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of retinal ischemia/hypoxia, a complication of ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability to scavenge these ROS by endogenous antioxidative systems. Free radicals and ROS are implicated in the irreversible damage to cell membrane, DNA, and other cellular structures by oxidizing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Anti-oxidants that can inhibit the oxidative processes can protect retinal cells from ischemic/hypoxic insults. In particular, treatment using anti-oxidants such as vitamin E and lutein, inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) or related signaling pathways, and administration of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are possible therapeutic regimens for DR, ROP, and other retinal ischemic diseases. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of DR and ROP as well as the underlying mechanisms involved in the hypoxia/ischemia-induced oxidative damage is discussed. The information provided will be beneficial in understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases as well as in developing effective therapeutic interventions to treat oxidative stress-induced damages.
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Abstract
Retinal ischemia is a common clinical entity and, due to relatively ineffective treatment, remains a common cause of visual impairment and blindness. Generally, ischemic syndromes are initially characterized by low homeostatic responses which, with time, induce injury to the tissue due to cell loss by apoptosis. In this respect, retinal ischemia is a primary cause of neuronal death. It can be considered as a sort of final common pathway in retinal diseases and results in irreversible morphological and functional changes. This review summarizes the recent knowledge on the effects of ischemia in retinal tissue and points out experimental strategies/models performed to gain better comprehension of retinal ischemia diseases. In particular, the nature of the mechanisms leading to neuronal damage (i.e., excess of glutamate release, oxidative stress and inflammation) will be outlined as well as the potential and most intriguing retinoprotective approaches and the possible therapeutic use of naturally occurring molecules such as neuropeptides. There is a general agreement that a better understanding of the fundamental pathophysiology of retinal ischemia will lead to better management and improved clinical outcome. In this respect, to contrast this pathological state, specific pharmacological strategies need to be developed aimed at the many putative cascades generated during ischemia.
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Zhang Z, Qin X, Zhao X, Tong N, Gong Y, Zhang W, Wu X. Valproic acid regulates antioxidant enzymes and prevents ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat retina. Curr Eye Res 2012; 37:429-37. [PMID: 22458760 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2011.653616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To investigate whether valproic acid (VPA) has a neuroprotective effect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat retina, and to elucidate the potential antioxidant mechanisms involved. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham (group A), sham plus VPA (group B), I/R plus vehicle (group C), and I/R plus VPA (group D). Retinal I/R injury was produced by inducing an exceedingly high intraocular pressure (IOP). Prior to insult, VPA was administered subcutaneously (300 mg/kg twice daily) for 7 days, after which the animal was sacrificed. Levels of retinal malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined. Protein expressions of retinal poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) and nitrotyrosine (NT) were analyzed by Western blotting 24 h after injury. Apoptosis of retinal cells was evaluated 24 h after I/R injury by immunofluorescence of activated caspase-3 in histological sections of retina. Seven days after reperfusion, electroretinography (ERG) was performed, and retinal histological changes were examined by light microscopy. RESULTS Following ischemia, the thickness of the entire retina, including the inner nuclear layer (INL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL), as well as the number of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) were significantly greater in group D than in group C (p < 0.05). VPA suppressed I/R-induced reductions in ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes (p < 0.05). VPA attenuated I/R-induced activation of caspase-3 in ganglion cells and INL cells (p < 0.001). VPA significantly decreased MDA levels and increased activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT in group D (p < 0.05). VPA attenuated activation of PAR and accumulation of NT in the retina after I/R (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS VPA protects the retina from I/R injury by enhancing anti-oxidative effects and inhibiting apoptosis of retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhenZhen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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25
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Liu Y, Tang L, Chen B. Effects of antioxidant gene therapy on retinal neurons and oxidative stress in a model of retinal ischemia/reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:909-15. [PMID: 22240151 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) results in neuronal death and generation of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in an I/R-induced retinal injury model. One eye of each Wistar rat was pretreated with recombinant adeno-associated virus containing the SOD2 gene (AAV-SOD2) or recombinant AAV containing the GFP gene (AAV-GFP) by intravitreal injection 21 days before initiation of I/R injury. Retinal I/R injury was induced by elevating intraocular pressure for 1h, and reperfusion was established immediately afterward. The number of RGCs and the inner plexiform layer (IPL) thickness were measured by Fluorogold retrograde labeling and hematoxylin and eosin staining at 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, and 5 days after injury. Superoxide anion, the number of RGCs, IPL thickness, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level, MnSOD (manganese superoxide dismutase) activity, and nitrotyrosine level were measured by fluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis at 5 days after I/R injury. Severe RGC loss, reduced IPL thickness, reduced MnSOD activity, and increased superoxide ion, MDA, 8-OHdG, and nitrotyrosine production were observed after I/R injury. Administration of AAV-SOD2 significantly reduced the levels of superoxide ion, MDA, 8-OHdG, and nitrotyrosine and prevented the damage to RGCs and IPL. Delivery of the antioxidant gene inhibited I/R-induced RGC and IPL damage by reducing oxidative stress and nitrative stress, suggesting that MnSOD may be relevant for the neuroprotection of the inner retina from I/R-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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26
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Chen B, Tang L. Protective effects of catalase on retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Eye Res 2011; 93:599-606. [PMID: 21824472 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury causes profound tissue damage, especially retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. The aims of the study were to investigate whether catalase (CAT) has a neuroprotective effect on RGC after I/R injury in rats, and to determine the possible antioxidant mechanism. Wistar female rats were randonmized into four groups: normal control group (Control group), retinal I/R with vehicle group (I/R with vehicle group), retinal I/R with AAV-CAT group (I/R with AAV-CAT group), and normal retina with AAV-CAT group (normal with AAV-CAT group). One eye of each rat was pretreated with recombinant adeno-associated virus containing catalase gene (I/R with AAV-CAT group or normal with AAV-CAT group) and recombinant adeno-associated virus containing GFP gene (I/R with vehicle group) by intravitreal injection 21 days before initiation of I/R injury. Retinal I/R injury was induced by elevating intraocular pressure to 100mmHg for 1h. The number of RGC and inner plexiform layer (IPL) thickness were measured by fluorogold retrograde labeling and hematoxylin and eosin staining at 6h, 24h, 72 h and 5d after injury. Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), the number of RGC, IPL thickness, malondialdehyde(MDA), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), CAT activity and nitrotyrosine were measured by fluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis at 5 days after injury. Electroretinographic (ERG) evaluation was also used. Pretreatment of AAV-CAT significantly decreased the levels of H(2)O(2), MDA, 8-OHdG and nitrotyrosine, increased the catalase activity, and prevented the reduction of a- and b- waves in the I/R with AAV-CAT group compare with the I/R with vehicle group (p<0.01). Catalase attenuated the I/R-induced damage of RGC and IPL and retinal function. Therefore, catalase can protect the rat retina from I/R-induced injury by enhancing the antioxidative ability and reducing oxidative stress, which suggests that catalase may be relevant for the neuroprotection of inner retina from I/R-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renming Middle Road, Changsha Hunan Province 410011, PR China
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Wei Y, Gong J, Yoshida T, Eberhart CG, Xu Z, Kombairaju P, Sporn MB, Handa JT, Duh EJ. Nrf2 has a protective role against neuronal and capillary degeneration in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:216-24. [PMID: 21545836 PMCID: PMC3997112 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) involves an extensive increase in reactive oxygen species as well as proinflammatory changes that result in significant histopathologic damage, including neuronal and vascular degeneration. Nrf2 has a well-known cytoprotective role in many tissues, but its protective function in the retina is unclear. We investigated the possible role of Nrf2 as a protective mechanism in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury using Nrf2(-/-) mice. I/R resulted in an increase in retinal levels of superoxide and proinflammatory mediators, as well as leukocyte infiltration of the retina and vitreous, in Nrf2(+/+) mice. These effects were greatly accentuated in Nrf2(-/-) mice. With regard to histopathologic damage, Nrf2(-/-) mice exhibited loss of cells in the ganglion cell layer and markedly accentuated retinal capillary degeneration, as compared to wild-type. Treatment with the Nrf2 activator CDDO-Me increased antioxidant gene expression and normalized I/R-induced superoxide in the retina in wild-type but not Nrf2(-/-) mice. CDDO-Me treatment abrogated retinal capillary degeneration induced by I/R in wild-type but not Nrf2(-/-) mice. These studies indicate that Nrf2 is an important cytoprotective mechanism in the retina in response to ischemia-reperfusion injury and suggest that pharmacologic induction of Nrf2 could be a new therapeutic strategy for retinal ischemia-reperfusion and other retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Junsong Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Charles G. Eberhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ponvijay Kombairaju
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael B. Sporn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - James T. Handa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elia J. Duh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Corresponding author: Elia J. Duh, M.D., Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287. , Phone: 410-614-3388; Fax: 410-614-5471
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Ueda K, Nakahara T, Hoshino M, Mori A, Sakamoto K, Ishii K. Retinal blood vessels are damaged in a rat model of NMDA-induced retinal degeneration. Neurosci Lett 2010; 485:55-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. It is a multifactorial disease, and current therapy predominantly limits damage only when it has already occurred. The macula is a source of high metabolic activity, and is therefore exposed to correspondingly high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). With age, the balance between production of ROS and local antioxidant levels is shifted, and damage ensues. Systemic ROS and antioxidant levels in AMD reflect these local processes. Genetic studies investigating mutations in antioxidant genes in AMD are inconclusive and further studies are indicated, especially to determine the role of mitochondria. Oral antioxidant supplements could be beneficial, and diet modification may help. Future treatments might either increase antioxidant capacity or reduce the production of ROS, using methods such as genetic manipulation. This article reviews the role of oxidative stress in AMD and the potential therapies that might have a role in preventing the blindness resulting from this disease.
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Prevention of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by pre-administration of catalase-expressing adenovirus vectors. J Control Release 2009; 142:431-7. [PMID: 19951728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is mainly caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the reperfusion, remains an important clinical problem associated with liver transplantation and major liver surgery. Therefore, ROS should be detoxified to prevent hepatic I/R-induced injury. Delivery of antioxidant genes into liver is considered to be promising for prevention of hepatic I/R injury; however, therapeutic effects of antioxidant gene transfer to the liver have not been fully examined. The aim of this study was to examine whether adenovirus (Ad) vector-mediated catalase gene transfer in the liver is an effective approach for scavenging ROS and preventing hepatic I/R injury. Intravenous administration of Ad vectors expressing catalase, which is an antioxidant enzyme scavenging H(2)O(2), resulted in a significant increase in catalase activity in the liver. Pre-injection of catalase-expressing Ad vectors dramatically prevented I/R-induced elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and hepatic necrosis. The livers were also protected in another liver injury model, CCl(4)-induced liver injury, by catalase-expressing Ad vectors. Furthermore, the survival rates of mice subjected to both partial hepatectomy and I/R treatment were improved by pre-injection of catalase-expressing Ad vectors. On the other hand, control Ad vectors expressing beta-galactosidase did not show any significant preventive effects in the liver on the models of I/R-induced or CCl(4)-induced hepatic injury described above. These results indicate that hepatic delivery of the catalase gene by Ad vectors is a promising approach for the prevention of oxidative stress-induced liver injury.
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