1
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Berigei SR, Nandy S, Yamamoto S, Raphaely RA, DeCoursey A, Lee J, Sharma A, Auchincloss HG, Gaissert H, Lanuti M, Ott HC, Sachdeva UM, Wright CD, Zhao SH, Hallowell RW, Shea BS, Muniappan A, Keyes CM, Hariri LP. Microscopic Small Airway Abnormalities Identified in Early Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis In Vivo Using Endobronchial Optical Coherence Tomography. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 210:473-483. [PMID: 38747674 PMCID: PMC11351792 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202401-0249oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) affects the subpleural lung but is considered to spare small airways. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) studies demonstrated small airway reduction in end-stage IPF explanted lungs, raising questions about small airway involvement in early-stage disease. Endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) is a volumetric imaging modality that detects microscopic features from subpleural to proximal airways. Objectives: In this study, EB-OCT was used to evaluate small airways in early IPF and control subjects in vivo. Methods: EB-OCT was performed in 12 subjects with IPF and 5 control subjects (matched by age, sex, smoking history, height, and body mass index). Subjects with IPF had early disease with mild restriction (FVC: 83.5% predicted), which was diagnosed per current guidelines and confirmed by surgical biopsy. EB-OCT volumetric imaging was acquired bronchoscopically in multiple, distinct, bilateral lung locations (total: 97 sites). IPF imaging sites were classified by severity into affected (all criteria for usual interstitial pneumonia present) and less affected (some but not all criteria for usual interstitial pneumonia present). Bronchiole count and small airway stereology metrics were measured for each EB-OCT imaging site. Measurements and Main Results: Compared with the number of bronchioles in control subjects (mean = 11.2/cm3; SD = 6.2), there was significant bronchiole reduction in subjects with IPF (42% loss; mean = 6.5/cm3; SD = 3.4; P = 0.0039), including in IPF affected (48% loss; mean: 5.8/cm3; SD: 2.8; P < 0.00001) and IPF less affected (33% loss; mean: 7.5/cm3; SD: 4.1; P = 0.024) sites. Stereology metrics showed that IPF-affected small airways were significantly larger, more distorted, and more irregular than in IPF-less affected sites and control subjects. IPF less affected and control airways were statistically indistinguishable for all stereology parameters (P = 0.36-1.0). Conclusions: EB-OCT demonstrated marked bronchiolar loss in early IPF (between 30% and 50%), even in areas minimally affected by disease, compared with matched control subjects. These findings support small airway disease as a feature of early IPF, providing novel insight into pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sreyankar Nandy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Satomi Yamamoto
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca A. Raphaely
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jaeyul Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amita Sharma
- Department of Radiology
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Henning Gaissert
- Division of Thoracic Surgery
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Lanuti
- Division of Thoracic Surgery
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harald C. Ott
- Division of Thoracic Surgery
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Uma M. Sachdeva
- Division of Thoracic Surgery
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cameron D. Wright
- Division of Thoracic Surgery
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Robert W. Hallowell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barry S. Shea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ashok Muniappan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Colleen M. Keyes
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lida P. Hariri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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2
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Bell JA, Davies ER, Brereton CJ, Vukmirovic M, Roberts JJW, Lunn K, Wickens L, Conforti F, Ridley RA, Ceccato J, Sayer LN, Johnston DA, Vallejo AF, Alzetani A, Jogai S, Marshall BG, Fabre A, Richeldi L, Monk PD, Skipp P, Kaminski N, Offer E, Wang Y, Davies DE, Jones MG. Spatial transcriptomic validation of a biomimetic model of fibrosis enables re-evaluation of a therapeutic antibody targeting LOXL2. Cell Rep Med 2024:101695. [PMID: 39173635 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Matrix stiffening by lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2)-mediated collagen cross-linking is proposed as a core feedforward mechanism that promotes fibrogenesis. Failure in clinical trials of simtuzumab (the humanized version of AB0023, a monoclonal antibody against human LOXL2) suggested that targeting LOXL2 may not have disease relevance; however, target engagement was not directly evaluated. We compare the spatial transcriptome of active human lung fibrogenesis sites with different human cell culture models to identify a disease-relevant model. Within the selected model, we then evaluate AB0023, identifying that it does not inhibit collagen cross-linking or reduce tissue stiffness, nor does it inhibit LOXL2 catalytic activity. In contrast, it does potently inhibit angiogenesis consistent with an alternative, non-enzymatic mechanism of action. Thus, AB0023 is anti-angiogenic but does not inhibit LOXL2 catalytic activity, collagen cross-linking, or tissue stiffening. These findings have implications for the interpretation of the lack of efficacy of simtuzumab in clinical trials of fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Bell
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher J Brereton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Milica Vukmirovic
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Leanne Wickens
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Franco Conforti
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Robert A Ridley
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Jessica Ceccato
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucy N Sayer
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - David A Johnston
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andres F Vallejo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Sanjay Jogai
- University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Ben G Marshall
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Aurelie Fabre
- Department of Histopathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital & UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paul Skipp
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK; University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily Offer
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Alderley Edge, UK
| | - Yihua Wang
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Donna E Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Mark G Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK.
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Jain N, Shashi Bhushan BL, Natarajan M, Mehta R, Saini DK, Chatterjee K. Advanced 3D In Vitro Lung Fibrosis Models: Contemporary Status, Clinical Uptake, and Prospective Outlooks. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1235-1261. [PMID: 38335198 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis has been characterized as a global health problem and ranks as one of the primary causes of organ dysfunction. Currently, there is no cure for pulmonary fibrosis, and limited therapeutic options are available due to an inadequate understanding of the disease pathogenesis. The absence of advanced in vitro models replicating dynamic temporal changes observed in the tissue with the progression of the disease is a significant impediment in the development of novel antifibrotic treatments, which has motivated research on tissue-mimetic three-dimensional (3D) models. In this review, we summarize emerging trends in preparing advanced lung models to recapitulate biochemical and biomechanical processes associated with lung fibrogenesis. We begin by describing the importance of in vivo studies and highlighting the often poor correlation between preclinical research and clinical outcomes and the limitations of conventional cell culture in accurately simulating the 3D tissue microenvironment. Rapid advancement in biomaterials, biofabrication, biomicrofluidics, and related bioengineering techniques are enabling the preparation of in vitro models to reproduce the epithelium structure and operate as reliable drug screening strategies for precise prediction. Improving and understanding these model systems is necessary to find the cross-talks between growing cells and the stage at which myofibroblasts differentiate. These advanced models allow us to utilize the knowledge and identify, characterize, and hand pick medicines beneficial to the human community. The challenges of the current approaches, along with the opportunities for further research with potential for translation in this field, are presented toward developing novel treatments for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Jain
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012 India
| | - B L Shashi Bhushan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore 560002 India
| | - M Natarajan
- Department of Pathology, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore 560002 India
| | - Ravi Mehta
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Apollo Hospitals, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560011 India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012 India
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Katsamenis OL, Basford PJ, Robinson SK, Boardman RP, Konstantinopoulou E, Lackie PM, Page A, Ratnayaka JA, Goggin PM, Thomas GJ, Cox SJ, Sinclair I, Schneider P. A high-throughput 3D X-ray histology facility for biomedical research and preclinical applications. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:366. [PMID: 37928208 PMCID: PMC10620852 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19666.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The University of Southampton, in collaboration with the University Hospital Southampton (UHS) NHS Foundation Trust and industrial partners, has been at the forefront of developing three-dimensional (3D) imaging workflows using X-ray microfocus computed tomography (μCT) -based technology. This article presents the outcomes of these endeavours and highlights the distinctive characteristics of a μCT facility tailored explicitly for 3D X-ray Histology, with a primary focus on applications in biomedical research and preclinical and clinical studies. Methods The UHS houses a unique 3D X-ray Histology (XRH) facility, offering a range of services to national and international clients. The facility employs specialised μCT equipment explicitly designed for histology applications, allowing whole-block XRH imaging of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. It also enables correlative imaging by combining μCT imaging with other microscopy techniques, such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, as well as data visualisation, image quantification, and bespoke analysis. Results Over the past seven years, the XRH facility has successfully completed over 120 projects in collaboration with researchers from 60 affiliations, resulting in numerous published manuscripts and conference proceedings. The facility has streamlined the μCT imaging process, improving productivity and enabling efficient acquisition of 3D datasets. Discussion & Conclusions The 3D X-ray Histology (XRH) facility at UHS is a pioneering platform in the field of histology and biomedical imaging. To the best of our knowledge, it stands out as the world's first dedicated XRH facility, encompassing every aspect of the imaging process, from user support to data generation, analysis, training, archiving, and metadata generation. This article serves as a comprehensive guide for establishing similar XRH facilities, covering key aspects of facility setup and operation. Researchers and institutions interested in developing state-of-the-art histology and imaging facilities can utilise this resource to explore new frontiers in their research and discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis L. Katsamenis
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip J. Basford
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Computational Engineering and Design, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences,, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stephanie K. Robinson
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Richard P. Boardman
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Elena Konstantinopoulou
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Peter M. Lackie
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Anton Page
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - J. Arjuna Ratnayaka
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Patricia M. Goggin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Gareth J. Thomas
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Simon J. Cox
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Computational Engineering and Design, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences,, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ian Sinclair
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philipp Schneider
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
- High-Performance Vision Systems, Center for Vision, Automation & Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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Sofia C, Comes A, Sgalla G, Richeldi L. An update on emerging drugs for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a look towards 2023 and beyond. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2023; 28:283-296. [PMID: 37953604 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2023.2281416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently approved drug treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pirfenidone and nintedanib, have been shown to slow lung function decline and improve clinical outcomes. Since significant advances in the understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms in IPF, novel potential agents are being tested to identify new targeted and better tolerated therapeutic strategies. AREAS COVERED This review describes the evidence from IPF phase II and III clinical trials that have been completed or are ongoing in recent years. The literature search was performed using Medline and Clinicaltrials.org databases. Particular attention is paid to the new inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4B (BI 1015550), being studied in a more advanced research phase. Some emerging critical issues of the pharmacological research are highlighted considering the recent outstanding failures of several phase III trials. EXPERT OPINION An exponential number of randomized clinical trials are underway testing promising new molecules to increase treatment choices for patients with IPF and improve patients' quality of life. The next goals should aim at a deeper understanding of the pathogenic pathways of the disease with the challenging goal of being able not only to stabilize but also to reverse the ongoing fibrotic process in patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Sofia
- Dipartimento di scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Comes
- Dipartimento di scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Sgalla
- Dipartimento di scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Dipartimento di scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Nho RS, Rice C, Prasad J, Bone H, Farkas L, Rojas M, Horowitz JC. Persistent hypoxia promotes myofibroblast differentiation via GPR-81 and differential regulation of LDH isoenzymes in normal and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis fibroblasts. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15759. [PMID: 37653539 PMCID: PMC10471601 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a state of insufficient oxygen availability, promotes cellular lactate production. Lactate levels are increased in lungs from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a disease characterized by excessive scar formation, and lactate is implicated in the pathobiology of lung fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of hypoxia and lactate on fibroblast phenotype are poorly understood. We exposed normal and IPF lung fibroblasts to persistent hypoxia and found that increased lactate generation by IPF fibroblasts was driven by the FoxM1-dependent increase of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) coupled with decreased LDHB that was not observed in normal lung fibroblasts. Importantly, hypoxia reduced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in normal fibroblasts but had no significant impact on this marker of differentiation in IPF fibroblasts. Treatment of control and IPF fibroblasts with TGF-β under hypoxic conditions did not significantly change LDHA or LDHB expression. Surprisingly, lactate directly induced the differentiation of normal, but not IPF fibroblasts under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, while expression of GPR-81, a G-protein-coupled receptor that binds extracellular lactate, was increased by hypoxia in both normal and IPF fibroblasts, its inhibition or silencing only suppressed lactate-mediated differentiation in normal fibroblasts. These studies show that hypoxia differentially affects normal and fibrotic fibroblasts, promoting increased lactate generation by IPF fibroblasts through regulation of the LDHA/LDHB ratio and promoting normal lung fibroblast responsiveness to lactate through GPR-81. This supports a novel paradigm in which lactate may serve as a paracrine intercellular signal in oxygen-deficient microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Nho
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Cami Rice
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Jayendra Prasad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Hannah Bone
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Jeffrey C. Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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Caporarello N, Ligresti G. Vascular Contribution to Lung Repair and Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:135-146. [PMID: 37126595 PMCID: PMC10399144 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0431tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lungs are constantly exposed to environmental perturbations and therefore have remarkable capacity to regenerate in response to injury. Sustained lung injuries, aging, and increased genomic instability, however, make lungs particularly susceptible to disrepair and fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis constitutes a major cause of morbidity and is often relentlessly progressive, leading to death from respiratory failure. The pulmonary vasculature, which is critical for gas exchanges and plays a key role during lung development, repair, and regeneration, becomes aberrantly remodeled in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Although capillary rarefaction and increased vascular permeability are recognized as distinctive features of fibrotic lungs, the role of vasculature dysfunction in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis has only recently emerged as an important contributor to the progression of this disease. This review summarizes current findings related to lung vascular repair and regeneration and provides recent insights into the vascular abnormalities associated with the development of persistent lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Caporarello
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Park JYC, King A, Björk V, English BW, Fedintsev A, Ewald CY. Strategic outline of interventions targeting extracellular matrix for promoting healthy longevity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C90-C128. [PMID: 37154490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00060.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of interlinked proteins outside of cells, is an important component of the human body that helps maintain tissue architecture and cellular homeostasis. As people age, the ECM undergoes changes that can lead to age-related morbidity and mortality. Despite its importance, ECM aging remains understudied in the field of geroscience. In this review, we discuss the core concepts of ECM integrity, outline the age-related challenges and subsequent pathologies and diseases, summarize diagnostic methods detecting a faulty ECM, and provide strategies targeting ECM homeostasis. To conceptualize this, we built a technology research tree to hierarchically visualize possible research sequences for studying ECM aging. This strategic framework will hopefully facilitate the development of future research on interventions to restore ECM integrity, which could potentially lead to the development of new drugs or therapeutic interventions promoting health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Cecilia Park
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Aaron King
- Foresight Institute, San Francisco, California, United States
| | | | - Bradley W English
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Collin Y Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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9
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Sun HN, Ren CX, Lee DH, Wang WH, Guo XY, Hao YY, Wang XM, Zhang HN, Xiao WQ, Li N, Cong J, Han YH, Kwon T. PRDX1 negatively regulates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lung fibroblast proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:48. [PMID: 37268886 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is a major category of end-stage changes in lung diseases, characterized by lung epithelial cell damage, proliferation of fibroblasts, and accumulation of extracellular matrix. Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), a member of the peroxiredoxin protein family, participates in the regulation of the levels of reactive oxygen species in cells and various other physiological activities, as well as the occurrence and development of diseases by functioning as a chaperonin. METHODS Experimental methods including MTT assay, morphological observation of fibrosis, wound healing assay, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA, western blot, transcriptome sequencing, and histopathological analysis were used in this study. RESULTS PRDX1 knockdown increased ROS levels in lung epithelial cells and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the PI3K/Akt and JNK/Smad signalling pathways. PRDX1 knockout significantly increased TGF-β secretion, ROS production, and cell migration in primary lung fibroblasts. PRDX1 deficiency also increased cell proliferation, cell cycle circulation, and fibrosis progression through the PI3K/Akt and JNK/Smad signalling pathways. BLM treatment induced more severe pulmonary fibrosis in PRDX1-knockout mice, mainly through the PI3K/Akt and JNK/Smad signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strongly suggest that PRDX1 is a key molecule in BLM-induced lung fibrosis progression and acts through modulating EMT and lung fibroblast proliferation; therefore, it may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of BLM-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Nan Sun
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Chen-Xi Ren
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei-Hao Wang
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Guo
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying-Ying Hao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Yabian Academy of Agricultural Science, Longjing, Jilin, 1334000, China
| | - Hui-Na Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Xiao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nan Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Cong
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 351-33 Neongme-Gil, Ibam-Myeon, Jeongeup-Si, Jeonbuk, 56216, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Ligresti G, Raslan AA, Hong J, Caporarello N, Confalonieri M, Huang SK. Mesenchymal cells in the Lung: Evolving concepts and their role in fibrosis. Gene 2023; 859:147142. [PMID: 36603696 PMCID: PMC10068350 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells in the lung are crucial during development, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common and deadly form of fibrotic interstitial lung diseases. Originally thought to behave as supporting cells for the lung epithelium and endothelium with a singular function of producing basement membrane, mesenchymal cells encompass a variety of cell types, including resident fibroblasts, lipofibroblasts, myofibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes, which all occupy different anatomic locations and exhibit diverse homeostatic functions in the lung. During injury, each of these subtypes demonstrate remarkable plasticity and undergo varying capacity to proliferate and differentiate into activated myofibroblasts. Therefore, these cells secrete high levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to tissue repair, or in pathologic situations, scarring and fibrosis. Whereas epithelial damage is considered the initial trigger that leads to lung injury, lung mesenchymal cells are recognized as the ultimate effector of fibrosis and attempts to better understand the different functions and actions of each mesenchymal cell subtype will lead to a better understanding of why fibrosis develops and how to better target it for future therapy. This review summarizes current findings related to various lung mesenchymal cells as well as signaling pathways, and their contribution to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, US.
| | - Ahmed A Raslan
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, US
| | - Jeongmin Hong
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, US
| | - Nunzia Caporarello
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Steven K Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, US
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11
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Papazoglou AS, Karagiannidis E, Liatsos A, Bompoti A, Moysidis DV, Arvanitidis C, Tsolaki F, Tsagkaropoulos S, Theocharis S, Tagarakis G, Michaelson JS, Herrmann MD. Volumetric Tissue Imaging of Surgical Tissue Specimens Using Micro-Computed Tomography: An Emerging Digital Pathology Modality for Nondestructive, Slide-Free Microscopy-Clinical Applications of Digital Pathology in 3 Dimensions. Am J Clin Pathol 2023; 159:242-254. [PMID: 36478204 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a novel, nondestructive, slide-free digital imaging modality that enables the acquisition of high-resolution, volumetric images of intact surgical tissue specimens. The aim of this systematic mapping review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature on clinical applications of micro-CT tissue imaging and to assess its relevance and readiness for pathology practice. METHODS A computerized literature search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases. To gain insight into regulatory and financial considerations for performing and examining micro-CT imaging procedures in a clinical setting, additional searches were performed in medical device databases. RESULTS Our search identified 141 scientific articles published between 2000 and 2021 that described clinical applications of micro-CT tissue imaging. The number of relevant publications is progressively increasing, with the specialties of pulmonology, cardiology, otolaryngology, and oncology being most commonly concerned. The included studies were mostly performed in pathology departments. Current micro-CT devices have already been cleared for clinical use, and a Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code exists for reimbursement of micro-CT imaging procedures. CONCLUSIONS Micro-CT tissue imaging enables accurate volumetric measurements and evaluations of entire surgical specimens at microscopic resolution across a wide range of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Efstratios Karagiannidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Liatsos
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreana Bompoti
- Diagnostic Imaging, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - Dimitrios V Moysidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Arvanitidis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,LifeWatch ERIC, Sector II-II, Seville, Spain
| | - Fani Tsolaki
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapoditrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tagarakis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - James S Michaelson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus D Herrmann
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Yang L, Gilbertsen A, Xia H, Benyumov A, Smith K, Herrera J, Racila E, Bitterman PB, Henke CA. Hypoxia enhances IPF mesenchymal progenitor cell fibrogenicity via the lactate/GPR81/HIF1α pathway. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e163820. [PMID: 36656644 PMCID: PMC9977506 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a sentinel feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The IPF microenvironment contains high lactate levels, and hypoxia enhances cellular lactate production. Lactate, acting through the GPR81 lactate receptor, serves as a signal molecule regulating cellular processes. We previously identified intrinsically fibrogenic mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) that drive fibrosis in the lungs of patients with IPF. However, whether hypoxia enhances IPF MPC fibrogenicity is unclear. We hypothesized that hypoxia increases IPF MPC fibrogenicity via lactate and its cognate receptor GPR81. Here we show that hypoxia promotes IPF MPC self-renewal. The mechanism involves hypoxia-mediated enhancement of LDHA function and lactate production and release. Hypoxia also increases HIF1α levels, and this increase in turn augments the expression of GPR81. Exogenous lactate operating through GPR81 promotes IPF MPC self-renewal. IHC analysis of IPF lung tissue demonstrates IPF MPCs expressing GPR81 and hypoxic markers on the periphery of the fibroblastic focus. We show that hypoxia enhances IPF MPC fibrogenicity in vivo. We demonstrate that knockdown of GPR81 inhibits hypoxia-induced IPF MPC self-renewal in vitro and attenuates hypoxia-induced IPF MPC fibrogenicity in vivo. Our data demonstrate that hypoxia creates a feed-forward loop that augments IPF MPC fibrogenicity via the lactate/GPR81/HIF1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karen Smith
- CSENG Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Emil Racila
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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13
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Gajjala PR, Singh P, Odayar V, Ediga HH, McCormack FX, Madala SK. Wilms Tumor 1-Driven Fibroblast Activation and Subpleural Thickening in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032850. [PMID: 36769178 PMCID: PMC9918078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease that is often fatal due to the formation of irreversible scar tissue in the distal areas of the lung. Although the pathological and radiological features of IPF lungs are well defined, the lack of insight into the fibrogenic role of fibroblasts that accumulate in distinct anatomical regions of the lungs is a critical knowledge gap. Fibrotic lesions have been shown to originate in the subpleural areas and extend into the lung parenchyma through processes of dysregulated fibroproliferation, migration, fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation, and extracellular matrix production. Identifying the molecular targets underlying subpleural thickening at the early and late stages of fibrosis could facilitate the development of new therapies to attenuate fibroblast activation and improve the survival of patients with IPF. Here, we discuss the key cellular and molecular events that contribute to (myo)fibroblast activation and subpleural thickening in IPF. In particular, we highlight the transcriptional programs involved in mesothelial to mesenchymal transformation and fibroblast dysfunction that can be targeted to alter the course of the progressive expansion of fibrotic lesions in the distal areas of IPF lungs.
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14
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Sabater L, Gossart JB, Hernandez I, Rico D, Blanchard A, Borthwick LA, Fisher AJ, Majo J, Jiwa K, Collins A, Abbate G, Oakley F, Mann DA, Mann J. miRNA Expression in Fibroblastic Foci within Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Lungs Reveals Novel Disease-Relevant Pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:417-429. [PMID: 36690076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
miRNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides long that play an important role in regulating gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. Aberrant levels of miRNAs have been associated with profibrotic processes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, most of these studies used whole IPF tissue or in vitro monocultures in which fibrosis has been artificially induced. In this study, we used laser microdissection to collect fibroblastic foci (FF), the key pathologic lesion in IPF, then isolate miRNAs and compare their expression levels with those found in whole IPF lung tissue and/or in vitro cultured fibroblast from IPF or normal lungs. Sequencing libraries were generated, and data generated were bioinformatically analyzed. A total of 18 miRNAs were significantly overexpressed in FF tissue when compared with whole IPF tissue; of these molecules, 15 were unique to FF. Comparison of FF with cultured IPF fibroblasts also revealed differences in miRNA composition that impact on several signaling pathways. The miRNA composition of FF is both overlapping and distinct from that of whole IPF tissue or cultured IPF fibroblasts and highlights the importance of characterizing FF biology as a phenotypically and functionally discrete tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sabater
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jean B Gossart
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Inmaculada Hernandez
- Computational Epigenomics Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Rico
- Computational Epigenomics Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Blanchard
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Lee A Borthwick
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Institute of Transplantation, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquim Majo
- Institute of Transplantation, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kasim Jiwa
- Institute of Transplantation, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Collins
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; FibroFind Ltd, FibroFind Laboratories, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Abbate
- FibroFind Ltd, FibroFind Laboratories, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; FibroFind Ltd, FibroFind Laboratories, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Derek A Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; FibroFind Ltd, FibroFind Laboratories, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jelena Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; FibroFind Ltd, FibroFind Laboratories, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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15
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Hall JK, Bates JHT, Casey DT, Bartolák-Suki E, Lutchen KR, Suki B. Predicting alveolar ventilation heterogeneity in pulmonary fibrosis using a non-uniform polyhedral spring network model. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1124223. [PMID: 36926543 PMCID: PMC10013074 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1124223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary Fibrosis (PF) is a deadly disease that has limited treatment options and is caused by excessive deposition and cross-linking of collagen leading to stiffening of the lung parenchyma. The link between lung structure and function in PF remains poorly understood, although its spatially heterogeneous nature has important implications for alveolar ventilation. Computational models of lung parenchyma utilize uniform arrays of space-filling shapes to represent individual alveoli, but have inherent anisotropy, whereas actual lung tissue is isotropic on average. We developed a novel Voronoi-based 3D spring network model of the lung parenchyma, the Amorphous Network, that exhibits more 2D and 3D similarity to lung geometry than regular polyhedral networks. In contrast to regular networks that show anisotropic force transmission, the structural randomness in the Amorphous Network dissipates this anisotropy with important implications for mechanotransduction. We then added agents to the network that were allowed to carry out a random walk to mimic the migratory behavior of fibroblasts. To model progressive fibrosis, agents were moved around the network and increased the stiffness of springs along their path. Agents migrated at various path lengths until a certain percentage of the network was stiffened. Alveolar ventilation heterogeneity increased with both percent of the network stiffened, and walk length of the agents, until the percolation threshold was reached. The bulk modulus of the network also increased with both percent of network stiffened and path length. This model thus represents a step forward in the creation of physiologically accurate computational models of lung tissue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jason H T Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Dylan T Casey
- Complex Systems Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | | | - Kenneth R Lutchen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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Herrera JA, Dingle L, Montero MA, Venkateswaran RV, Blaikley JF, Lawless C, Schwartz MA. The UIP/IPF fibroblastic focus is a collagen biosynthesis factory embedded in a distinct extracellular matrix. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e156115. [PMID: 35852874 PMCID: PMC9462507 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a histological pattern characteristic of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The UIP pattern is patchy with histologically normal lung adjacent to dense fibrotic tissue. At this interface, fibroblastic foci (FF) are present and are sites where myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulate. Utilizing laser capture microdissection-coupled mass spectrometry, we interrogated the FF, adjacent mature scar, and adjacent alveoli in 6 fibrotic (UIP/IPF) specimens plus 6 nonfibrotic alveolar specimens as controls. The data were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis and histologically validated. We found that the fibrotic alveoli protein signature is defined by immune deregulation as the strongest category. The fibrotic mature scar classified as end-stage fibrosis whereas the FF contained an overabundance of a distinctive ECM compared with the nonfibrotic control. Furthermore, FF were positive for both TGFB1 and TGFB3, whereas the aberrant basaloid cell lining of FF was predominantly positive for TGFB2. In conclusion, spatial proteomics demonstrated distinct protein compositions in the histologically defined regions of UIP/IPF tissue. These data revealed that FF are the main site of collagen biosynthesis and that the adjacent alveoli are abnormal. This essential information will inform future mechanistic studies on fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lewis Dingle
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M. Angeles Montero
- Department of Histopathology, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rajamiyer V. Venkateswaran
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Transplant, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John F. Blaikley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Transplant, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin A. Schwartz
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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17
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Handschuh S, Okada CTC, Walter I, Aurich C, Glösmann M. An optimized workflow for
microCT
imaging of formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (
FFPE
) early equine embryos. Anat Histol Embryol 2022; 51:611-623. [PMID: 35851500 PMCID: PMC9542120 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a workflow for high‐detail microCT imaging of formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) equine embryos recovered on Day 34 of pregnancy (E34), a period just before placenta formation. The presented imaging methods are suitable for large animals' embryos with intention to study morphological and developmental aspects, but more generally can be adopted for all kinds of FFPE tissue specimens. Microscopic 3D imaging techniques such as microCT are important tools for detecting and studying normal embryogenesis and developmental disorders. To date, microCT imaging of vertebrate embryos was mostly done on embryos that have been stained with an X‐ray dense contrast agent. Here, we describe an alternative imaging procedure that allows to visualize embryo morphology and organ development in unstained FFPE embryos. Two aspects are critical for high‐quality data acquisition: (i) a proper sample mounting leaving as little as possible paraffin around the sample and (ii) an image filtering pipeline that improves signal‐to‐noise ratio in these inherently low‐contrast data sets. The presented workflow allows overview imaging of the whole embryo proper and can be used for determination of organ volumes and development. Furthermore, we show that high‐resolution interior tomographies can provide virtual histology information from selected regions of interest. In addition, we demonstrate that microCT scanned embryos remain intact during the scanning procedure allowing for a subsequent investigation by routine histology and/or immunohistochemistry. This makes the presented workflow applicable also to archival paraffin‐embedded material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Handschuh
- VetCore Facility for Research/Imaging Unit University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Carolina T. C. Okada
- Platform Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer Department for Small Animals and Horses University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Ingrid Walter
- VetCore Facility for Research/VetBiobank University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Morphology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Christine Aurich
- Platform Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer Department for Small Animals and Horses University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Martin Glösmann
- VetCore Facility for Research/Imaging Unit University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
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18
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Saleh KS, Hewawasam R, Šerbedžija P, Blomberg R, Noreldeen SE, Edelman B, Smith BJ, Riches DWH, Magin CM. Engineering Hybrid-Hydrogels Comprised of Healthy or Diseased Decellularized Extracellular Matrix to Study Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:505-519. [PMID: 36444345 PMCID: PMC9700547 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-022-00726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic disease characterized by progressive lung scarring that inhibits gas exchange. Evidence suggests fibroblast-matrix interactions are a prominent driver of disease. However, available preclinical models limit our ability to study these interactions. We present a technique for synthesizing phototunable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hybrid-hydrogels comprising healthy or fibrotic decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) to decouple mechanical properties from composition and elucidate their roles in fibroblast activation. Here, we engineered and characterized phototunable hybrid-hydrogels using molecular techniques such as ninhydrin and Ellman's assays to assess dECM functionalization, and parallel-plate rheology to measure hydrogel mechanical properties. These biomaterials were employed to investigate the activation of fibroblasts from dual-transgenic Col1a1-GFP and αSMA-RFP reporter mice in response to changes in composition and mechanical properties. We show that reacting functionalized dECM from healthy or bleomycin-injured mouse lungs with PEG alpha-methacrylate (αMA) in an off-stoichiometry Michael-addition reaction created soft hydrogels mimicking a healthy lung elastic modulus (4.99 ± 0.98 kPa). Photoinitiated stiffening increased the material modulus to fibrotic values (11.48 ± 1.80 kPa). Percent activation of primary murine fibroblasts expressing Col1a1 and αSMA increased by approximately 40% following dynamic stiffening of both healthy and bleomycin hybrid-hydrogels. There were no significant differences between fibroblast activation on stiffened healthy versus stiffened bleomycin-injured hybrid-hydrogels. Phototunable hybrid-hydrogels provide an important platform for probing cell-matrix interactions and developing a deeper understanding of fibrotic activation in pulmonary fibrosis. Our results suggest that mechanical properties are a more significant contributor to fibroblast activation than biochemical composition within the scope of the hybrid-hydrogel platform evaluated in this study. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-022-00726-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamiel S. Saleh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, 2115 N Scranton Street, Suite 3010, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Rukshika Hewawasam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, 2115 N Scranton Street, Suite 3010, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Predrag Šerbedžija
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, 2115 N Scranton Street, Suite 3010, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Rachel Blomberg
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, 2115 N Scranton Street, Suite 3010, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Saif E. Noreldeen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, 2115 N Scranton Street, Suite 3010, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Benjamin Edelman
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO USA
| | - Bradford J. Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, 2115 N Scranton Street, Suite 3010, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - David W. H. Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Chelsea M. Magin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, 2115 N Scranton Street, Suite 3010, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
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19
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Justet A, Zhao AY, Kaminski N. From COVID to fibrosis: lessons from single-cell analyses of the human lung. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:20. [PMID: 35698166 PMCID: PMC9189802 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased resolution of single-cell RNA-sequencing technologies has led to major breakthroughs and improved our understanding of the normal and pathologic conditions of multiple tissues and organs. In the study of parenchymal lung disease, single-cell RNA-sequencing has better delineated known cell populations and identified novel cells and changes in cellular phenotypes and gene expression patterns associated with disease. In this review, we aim to highlight the advances and insights that have been made possible by applying these technologies to two seemingly very different lung diseases: fibrotic interstitial lung diseases, a group of relentlessly progressive lung diseases leading to pulmonary fibrosis, and COVID-19 pneumonia, an acute viral disease with life-threatening complications, including pulmonary fibrosis. We discuss changes in cell populations and gene expression, highlighting potential common features, such as alveolar cell epithelial injury and aberrant repair and monocyte-derived macrophage populations, as well as relevance and implications to mechanisms of disease and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelien Justet
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Competences de Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, CHU de Caen UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Amy Y. Zhao
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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20
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Okamoto T, Kumakiri T, Haneishi H. Patch-based artifact reduction for three-dimensional volume projection data of sparse-view micro-computed tomography. Radiol Phys Technol 2022; 15:206-223. [PMID: 35622229 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-022-00661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) enables the non-destructive acquisition of three-dimensional (3D) morphological structures at the micrometer scale. Although it is expected to be used in pathology and histology to analyze the 3D microstructure of tissues, micro-CT imaging of tissue specimens requires a long scan time. A high-speed imaging method, sparse-view CT, can reduce the total scan time and radiation dose; however, it causes severe streak artifacts on tomographic images reconstructed with analytical algorithms due to insufficient sampling. In this paper, we propose an artifact reduction method for 3D volume projection data from sparse-view micro-CT. Specifically, we developed a patch-based lightweight fully convolutional network to estimate full-view 3D volume projection data from sparse-view 3D volume projection data. We evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed method using physically acquired datasets. The qualitative and quantitative results showed that the proposed method achieved high estimation accuracy and suppressed streak artifacts in the reconstructed images. In addition, we confirmed that the proposed method requires both short training and prediction times. Our study demonstrates that the proposed method has great potential for artifact reduction for 3D volume projection data under sparse-view conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Okamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Toshio Kumakiri
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hideaki Haneishi
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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21
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Balancin ML, Baldavira CM, Prieto TG, Machado-Rugolo J, Farhat C, Assato AK, Velosa APP, Teodoro WR, Ab'Saber AM, Takagaki TY, Capelozzi VL. Dissecting and Reconstructing Matrix in Malignant Mesothelioma Through Histocell-Histochemistry Gradients for Clinical Applications. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:871202. [PMID: 35492318 PMCID: PMC9043486 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.871202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMalignant pleural mesotheliomas (MM) are known for their heterogenous histology and clinical behavior. MM histology reveals three major tumor cell populations: epithelioid, sarcomatoid, and biphasic. Using a dissecting approach, we showed that histochemical gradients help us better understand tumor heterogeneity and reconsider its histologic classifications. We also showed that this method to characterize MM tumor cell populations provides a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms for invasion and disease progression.MethodsIn a cohort of 87 patients with surgically excised MM, we used hematoxylin and eosin to characterize tumor cell populations and Movat's pentachrome staining to dissect the ECM matrisome. Next, we developed a computerized semi-assisted protocol to quantify and reconstruct the ECM in 3D and examined the clinical association between the matricellular factors and patient outcome.ResultsEpithelioid cells had a higher matrix composition of elastin and fibrin, whereas, in the sarcomatoid type, hyaluronic acid and total collagen were most prevalent. The 3D reconstruction exposed the collagen I and III that form channels surrounding the neoplastic cell blocks. The estimated volume of the two collagen fractions was 14% of the total volume, consistent with the median estimated area of total collagen (12.05 mm2) for epithelioid MM.ConclusionDifferential patterns in matricellular phenotypes in MM could be used in translational studies to improve patient outcome. More importantly, our data raise the possibility that cancer cells can use the matrisome for disease expansion and could be effectively targeted by anti-collagen, anti-elastin, and/or anti-hyaluronic acid therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Luiz Balancin
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Machado Baldavira
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tabatha Gutierrez Prieto
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Machado-Rugolo
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Health Technology Assessment Center (NATS), Clinical Hospital (HCFMB), Medical School of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Cecília Farhat
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Kawassaki Assato
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pereira Velosa
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walcy Rosolia Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Muxfeldt Ab'Saber
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Teresa Yae Takagaki
- Division of Pneumology, Instituto do Coração (Incor), University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Luiza Capelozzi
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Vera Luiza Capelozzi
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22
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A vasculature niche orchestrates stromal cell phenotype through PDGF signaling: Importance in human fibrotic disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120336119. [PMID: 35320046 PMCID: PMC9060460 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120336119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrotic diseases, for example of the liver and lung, represent a huge unmet medical need. In this study, using single-cell RNA sequencing, cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF), tissue imaging, and functional assays, we identify a complex vascular niche in Dupuytren’s disease (DD), a common localized fibrotic condition of the palm, where early-disease-stage tissue can be accessed readily. We uncover a population of myofibroblast precursors within the pericyte compartment and demonstrate that the endothelium instructs the differentiation of functionally distinct stromal cells, thereby orchestrating discrete microenvironments in the fibrotic milieu. Together, these findings provide a basis for the concept of targeting blood vessel signaling to control the progression of human fibrosis. Fibrosis is characterized by excessive matrix protein accumulation and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in the Western world. The relative lack of effective antifibrotic therapeutics for the majority of these conditions reflects the difficulty in identifying targets for human fibrosis. Animal models fail to recapitulate all of the facets of human disease, and the limited clinical samples from patients with fibrosis of visceral organs are usually of late-stage disease [J. Nanchahal, B. Hinz, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 113, 7291–7293 (2016)]. Here, we use Dupuytren’s disease (DD), a localized fibrotic condition of the hand, as a model to profile the vasculature niche of human fibrosis at single-cell resolution. Our spatially resolved molecular taxonomy of fibrotic blood vessels identifies distinct endothelial and pericyte populations and demonstrates a complex topological organization in the fibrotic microenvironment. In developing fibrosis, we show that the endothelium acts to promote immune regulatory fibroblast phenotype through platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling, thereby sustaining an immune cell–enriched perivascular niche. Moreover, we highlight pericytes as “housing” a putative myofibroblast precursor in DD. Overall, our results elucidate a tightly coupled vasculature niche in fibrosis that instructs the differentiation of functionally distinct stromal cells. These findings provide an important translational resource and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting blood vessel signaling in human fibrosis.
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23
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RNA Sequencing of Epithelial Cell/Fibroblastic Foci Sandwich in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: New Insights on the Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063323. [PMID: 35328744 PMCID: PMC8954546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease characterized by irreversible scarring of the distal lung. IPF is best described by its histopathological pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), characterized by spatial heterogeneity with alternating interstitial fibrosis and areas of normal lung, and temporal heterogeneity of fibrosis characterized by scattered fibroblastic foci (FF), dense acellular collagen and honeycomb changes. FF, comprising aggregated fibroblasts/myofibroblasts surrounded by metaplastic epithelial cells (EC), are the cardinal pathological lesion and their presence strongly correlates with disease progression and mortality. We hypothesized that the EC/FF sandwich from patients with UIP/IPF has a distinct molecular signature which could offer new insights into the crosstalk of these two crucial actors in the disease. Laser capture microdissection with RNAseq was used to investigate the transcriptome of the EC/FF sandwich from IPF patients versus controls (primary spontaneous pneumothorax). Differentially expressed gene analysis identified 23 up-regulated genes mainly related to epithelial dysfunction. Gene ontology analysis highlighted the activation of different pathways, mainly related to EC, immune response and programmed cell death. This study provides novel insights into the IPF pathogenetic pathways and suggests that targeting some of these up-regulated pathways (particularly those related to secreto-protein/mucin dysfunction) may be beneficial in IPF. Further studies in a larger number of lung samples, ideally from patients with early and advanced disease, are needed to validate these findings.
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24
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Verleden SE, Braubach P, Werlein C, Plucinski E, Kuhnel MP, Snoeckx A, El Addouli H, Welte T, Haverich A, Laenger FP, Dettmer S, Pauwels P, Verplancke V, Van Schil PE, Lapperre T, Kwakkel-Van-Erp JM, Ackermann M, Hendriks JMH, Jonigk D. From Macroscopy to Ultrastructure: An Integrative Approach to Pulmonary Pathology. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:859337. [PMID: 35372395 PMCID: PMC8965844 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.859337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathology and radiology are complimentary tools, and their joint application is often crucial in obtaining an accurate diagnosis in non-neoplastic pulmonary diseases. However, both come with significant limitations of their own: Computed Tomography (CT) can only visualize larger structures due to its inherent–relatively–poor resolution, while (histo) pathology is often limited due to small sample size and sampling error and only allows for a 2D investigation. An innovative approach of inflating whole lung specimens and subjecting these subsequently to CT and whole lung microCT allows for an accurate matching of CT-imaging and histopathology data of exactly the same areas. Systematic application of this approach allows for a more targeted assessment of localized disease extent and more specifically can be used to investigate early mechanisms of lung diseases on a morphological and molecular level. Therefore, this technique is suitable to selectively investigate changes in the large and small airways, as well as the pulmonary arteries, veins and capillaries in relation to the disease extent in the same lung specimen. In this perspective we provide an overview of the different strategies that are currently being used, as well as how this growing field could further evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn E. Verleden
- Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
- Division of Pneumology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Peter Braubach
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Edith Plucinski
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark P. Kuhnel
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annemiek Snoeckx
- Division of Radiology, University Hospital Antwerp and University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Haroun El Addouli
- Division of Radiology, University Hospital Antwerp and University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Tobias Welte
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
- Division of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian P. Laenger
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Dettmer
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Division of Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | | | - Paul E. Van Schil
- Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Therese Lapperre
- Division of Pneumology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johanna M. Kwakkel-Van-Erp
- Division of Pneumology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Pathology and Department of Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, University of Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jeroen M. H. Hendriks
- Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Danny Jonigk
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25
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Brereton CJ, Yao L, Davies ER, Zhou Y, Vukmirovic M, Bell JA, Wang S, Ridley RA, Dean LSN, Andriotis OG, Conforti F, Brewitz L, Mohammed S, Wallis T, Tavassoli A, Ewing RM, Alzetani A, Marshall BG, Fletcher SV, Thurner PJ, Fabre A, Kaminski N, Richeldi L, Bhaskar A, Schofield CJ, Loxham M, Davies DE, Wang Y, Jones MG. Pseudohypoxic HIF pathway activation dysregulates collagen structure-function in human lung fibrosis. eLife 2022; 11:e69348. [PMID: 35188460 PMCID: PMC8860444 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening with downstream activation of mechanosensitive pathways is strongly implicated in fibrosis. We previously reported that altered collagen nanoarchitecture is a key determinant of pathogenetic ECM structure-function in human fibrosis (Jones et al., 2018). Here, through human tissue, bioinformatic and ex vivo studies we provide evidence that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway activation is a critical pathway for this process regardless of the oxygen status (pseudohypoxia). Whilst TGFβ increased the rate of fibrillar collagen synthesis, HIF pathway activation was required to dysregulate post-translational modification of fibrillar collagen, promoting pyridinoline cross-linking, altering collagen nanostructure, and increasing tissue stiffness. In vitro, knockdown of Factor Inhibiting HIF (FIH), which modulates HIF activity, or oxidative stress caused pseudohypoxic HIF activation in the normal fibroblasts. By contrast, endogenous FIH activity was reduced in fibroblasts from patients with lung fibrosis in association with significantly increased normoxic HIF pathway activation. In human lung fibrosis tissue, HIF-mediated signalling was increased at sites of active fibrogenesis whilst subpopulations of human lung fibrosis mesenchymal cells had increases in both HIF and oxidative stress scores. Our data demonstrate that oxidative stress can drive pseudohypoxic HIF pathway activation which is a critical regulator of pathogenetic collagen structure-function in fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brereton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Liudi Yao
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth R Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yilu Zhou
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Milica Vukmirovic
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Joseph A Bell
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert A Ridley
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Lareb SN Dean
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Orestis G Andriotis
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU WienViennaAustria
| | - Franco Conforti
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Lennart Brewitz
- Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Soran Mohammed
- School of Chemistry, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Timothy Wallis
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ali Tavassoli
- School of Chemistry, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rob M Ewing
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Benjamin G Marshall
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sophie V Fletcher
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Philipp J Thurner
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU WienViennaAustria
| | - Aurelie Fabre
- Department of Histopathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital & UCD School of Medicine, University College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Luca Richeldi
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Atul Bhaskar
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew Loxham
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Donna E Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yihua Wang
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark G Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
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26
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Bompoti A, Papazoglou AS, Moysidis DV, Otountzidis N, Karagiannidis E, Stalikas N, Panteris E, Ganesh V, Sanctuary T, Arvanitidis C, Sianos G, Michaelson JS, Herrmann MD. Volumetric Imaging of Lung Tissue at Micrometer Resolution: Clinical Applications of Micro-CT for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11112075. [PMID: 34829422 PMCID: PMC8625264 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a promising novel medical imaging modality that allows for non-destructive volumetric imaging of surgical tissue specimens at high spatial resolution. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the clinical applications of micro-CT for the tissue-based diagnosis of lung diseases. This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, aiming to include every clinical study reporting on micro-CT imaging of human lung tissues. A literature search yielded 570 candidate articles, out of which 37 were finally included in the review. Of the selected studies, 9 studies explored via micro-CT imaging the morphology and anatomy of normal human lung tissue; 21 studies investigated microanatomic pulmonary alterations due to obstructive or restrictive lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis; and 7 studies examined the utility of micro-CT imaging in assessing lung cancer lesions (n = 4) or in transplantation-related pulmonary alterations (n = 3). The selected studies reported that micro-CT could successfully detect several lung diseases providing three-dimensional images of greater detail and resolution than routine optical slide microscopy, and could additionally provide valuable volumetric insight in both restrictive and obstructive lung diseases. In conclusion, micro-CT-based volumetric measurements and qualitative evaluations of pulmonary tissue structures can be utilized for the clinical management of a variety of lung diseases. With micro-CT devices becoming more accessible, the technology has the potential to establish itself as a core diagnostic imaging modality in pathology and to enable integrated histopathologic and radiologic assessment of lung cancer and other lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreana Bompoti
- Department of Radiology, Peterborough City Hospital, Northwest Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough PE3 9GZ, UK;
| | - Andreas S. Papazoglou
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.P.); (D.V.M.); (N.O.); (E.K.); (N.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Dimitrios V. Moysidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.P.); (D.V.M.); (N.O.); (E.K.); (N.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Otountzidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.P.); (D.V.M.); (N.O.); (E.K.); (N.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Efstratios Karagiannidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.P.); (D.V.M.); (N.O.); (E.K.); (N.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Stalikas
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.P.); (D.V.M.); (N.O.); (E.K.); (N.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Eleftherios Panteris
- Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd., P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | - Thomas Sanctuary
- Respiratory Department, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Kent ME7 5NY, UK;
| | - Christos Arvanitidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- LifeWatch ERIC, Sector II-II, Plaza de España, 41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Georgios Sianos
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.P.); (D.V.M.); (N.O.); (E.K.); (N.S.); (G.S.)
| | - James S. Michaelson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Markus D. Herrmann
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +6-17-724-1896
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Lawson MJ, Katsamenis OL, Chatelet D, Alzetani A, Larkin O, Haig I, Lackie P, Warner J, Schneider P. Immunofluorescence-guided segmentation of three-dimensional features in micro-computed tomography datasets of human lung tissue. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:211067. [PMID: 34737879 PMCID: PMC8564621 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Micro-computed tomography (µCT) provides non-destructive three-dimensional (3D) imaging of soft tissue microstructures. Specific features in µCT images can be identified using correlated two-dimensional (2D) histology images allowing manual segmentation. However, this is very time-consuming and requires specialist knowledge of the tissue and imaging modalities involved. Using a custom-designed µCT system optimized for imaging unstained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded soft tissues, we imaged human lung tissue at isotropic voxel sizes less than 10 µm. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin or cytokeratin 18 in columnar airway epithelial cells using immunofluorescence (IF), as an exemplar of this workflow. Novel utilization of tissue autofluorescence allowed automatic alignment of 2D microscopy images to the 3D µCT data using scripted co-registration and automated image warping algorithms. Warped IF images, which were accurately aligned with the µCT datasets, allowed 3D segmentation of immunoreactive tissue microstructures in the human lung. Blood vessels were segmented semi-automatically using the co-registered µCT datasets. Correlating 2D IF and 3D µCT data enables accurate identification, localization and segmentation of features in fixed soft lung tissue. Our novel correlative imaging workflow provides faster and more automated 3D segmentation of µCT datasets. This is applicable to the huge range of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues held in biobanks and archives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Lawson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Orestis L. Katsamenis
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David Chatelet
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Oliver Larkin
- Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ian Haig
- Nikon X-Tek Systems Ltd, Tring, UK
| | - Peter Lackie
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jane Warner
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philipp Schneider
- Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- High-Performance Vision Systems, Center for Vision, Automation and Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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Siekacz K, Piotrowski WJ, Iwański MA, Górski P, Białas AJ. The Role of Interaction between Mitochondria and the Extracellular Matrix in the Development of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9932442. [PMID: 34707784 PMCID: PMC8545566 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9932442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a condition which affects mainly older adults, that suggests mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which follow cells senescence, and might contribute to the disease onset. We have assumed pathogenesis associated with crosstalk between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and mitochondria, mainly based on mitochondrial equilibrium impairment consisting of (1) tyrosine kinases and serine-threonine kinase (TKs and ST-Ks) activation via cytokines, (2) mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction and in consequence electrons leak with lower ATP synthesis, (3) the activation of latent TGF-β via αVβ6 integrin, (4) tensions transduction via α2β1 integrin, (5) inefficient mitophagy, and (6) stress inhibited biogenesis. Mitochondria dysfunction influences ECM composition and vice versa. Damaged mitochondria release mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to the microenvironment. Therefore, airway epithelial cells (AECs) undergo transition and secrete cytokines. Described factors initiate an inflammatory process with immunological enhancement. In consequence, local fibroblasts exposed to harmful conditions transform into myofibroblasts, produce ECM, and induce progression of fibrosis. In our review, we summarize numerous aspects of mitochondrial pathobiology, which seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. In addition, an increasing body of evidence suggests considering crosstalk between the ECM and mitochondria in this context. Moreover, mitochondria and ECM seem to be important players in the antifibrotic treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Siekacz
- Department of Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, 1st Chair of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech J. Piotrowski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, 1st Chair of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Mikołaj A. Iwański
- Department of Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, 1st Chair of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Górski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, 1st Chair of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam J. Białas
- Department of Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, 1st Chair of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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29
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Renzoni EA, Poletti V, Mackintosh JA. Disease pathology in fibrotic interstitial lung disease: is it all about usual interstitial pneumonia? Lancet 2021; 398:1437-1449. [PMID: 34499865 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interstitial pneumonias comprise a diverse group of diseases that are typically defined by their cause (either idiopathic or non-idiopathic) and their distinct histopathological features, for which radiology, in the form of high-resolution CT, is often used as a surrogate. One trend, fuelled by the failure of conventional therapies in a subset of patients and the broad-spectrum use of antifibrotic therapies, has been the focus on the progressive fibrosing phenotype of interstitial lung disease. The histological pattern, known as usual interstitial pneumonia, is the archetype of progressive fibrosis. However, it is clear that progressive fibrosis is not exclusive to this histological entity. Techniques including immunohistochemistry and single-cell RNA sequencing are providing pathogenetic insights and, if integrated with traditional histopathology, are likely to have an effect on the pathological classification of interstitial lung disease. This review, which focuses on the histopathology of interstitial lung disease and its relationship with progressive fibrosis, asks the question: is it all about usual interstitial pneumonia?
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta A Renzoni
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Diseases, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Venerino Poletti
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Thoracic Diseases Department, GB Morgagni Hospital/University of Bologna, Forlì, Italy
| | - John A Mackintosh
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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30
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Pacurari M, Mitra A, Turner T. Idiopathic Pulmonary Comorbidities and Mechanisms. Int J Inflam 2021; 2021:3963659. [PMID: 34691383 PMCID: PMC8528608 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3963659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with an unknown etiology mainly characterized by a progressive decline of lung function due to the scarring of the tissue deep in the lungs. The overall survival after diagnosis remains low between 3 and 5 years. IPF is a heterogeneous disease and much progress has been made in the past decade in understanding the disease mechanisms that contributed to the development of two new drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, which improved the therapeutic management of the disease. The understanding of the cofactors and comorbidities of IPF also contributed to improved management of the disease outcome. In the present review, we evaluate scientific evidence which indicates IPF as a risk factor for other diseases based on the complexity of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the disease development and of comorbidities. We conclude from the existing literature that while much progress has been made in understating the mechanisms involved in IPF development, further studies are still necessary to fully understand IPF pathogenesis which will contribute to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for IPF management as well as other diseases for which IPF is a major risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricica Pacurari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Amal Mitra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Timothy Turner
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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31
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van Batenburg AA, van Oosterhout MFM, Knoppert SN, Kazemier KM, van der Vis JJ, Grutters JC, Goldschmeding R, van Moorsel CHM. The Extent of Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate and Fibrosis in Lungs of Telomere- and Surfactant-Related Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:736485. [PMID: 34631753 PMCID: PMC8497799 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.736485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial pulmonary fibrosis (FPF) is a monogenic disease most commonly involving telomere- (TERT) or surfactant- (SFTP) related mutations. These mutations have been shown to alter lymphocytic inflammatory responses, and FPF biopsies with histological lymphocytic infiltrates have been reported. Recently, a model of a surfactant mutation in mice showed that the disease initially started with an inflammatory response followed by fibrogenesis. Since inflammation and fibrogenesis are targeted by different drugs, we investigated whether the degree of these two features co-localize or occur independently in different entities of FPF, and whether they influence survival. We quantified the number of lymphocyte aggregates per surface area, the extent of diffuse lymphocyte cell infiltrate, the number of fibroblast foci per surface area, and the percentage of fibrotic lung surface area in digitally scanned hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections of diagnostic surgical biopsies of patients with TERT-related FPF (TERT-PF; n = 17), SFTP-related FPF (SFTP-PF; n = 7), and sporadic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (sIPF; n = 10). For comparison, we included biopsies of patients with cellular non-specific interstitial pneumonia (cNSIP; n = 10), an inflammatory interstitial lung disease with high lymphocyte influx and usually responsive to immunosuppressive therapy. The degree of inflammatory cell infiltrate and fibrosis in TERT-PF and SFTP-PF was not significantly different from that in sIPF. In comparison with cNSIP, the extent of lymphocyte infiltrates was significantly lower in sIPF and TERT-PF, but not in SFTP-PF. However, in contrast with cNSIP, in sIPF, TERT-PF, and SFTP-PF, diffuse lymphocyte cell infiltrates were predominantly present and lymphocyte aggregates were only present in fibrotic areas (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, fibroblast foci and percentage of fibrotic lung surface were associated with survival (p = 0.022 and p = 0.018, respectively), while this association was not observed for lymphocyte aggregates or diffuse lymphocytic infiltration. Inflammatory cells in diagnostic lung biopsies of TERT-PF, SFTP-PF, and sIPF were largely confined to fibrotic areas. However, based on inflammation and fibrosis, no differences were found between FPF and sIPF, substantiating the histological similarities between monogenic familial and sporadic disease. Furthermore, the degree of fibrosis, rather than inflammation, correlates with survival, supporting that fibrogenesis is the key feature for therapeutic targeting of FPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aernoud A van Batenburg
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs F M van Oosterhout
- Department of Pathology, DNA Pathology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan N Knoppert
- Department of Pathology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Karin M Kazemier
- Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joanne J van der Vis
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Jan C Grutters
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands.,Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Coline H M van Moorsel
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands.,Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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32
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Modeling Extracellular Matrix-Cell Interactions in Lung Repair and Chronic Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082145. [PMID: 34440917 PMCID: PMC8394761 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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33
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The Role of miRNAs in Extracellular Matrix Repair and Chronic Fibrotic Lung Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071706. [PMID: 34359876 PMCID: PMC8304879 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in the normal architecture of the lung, from embryonic lung development to mechanical stability and elastic recoil of the breathing adult lung. The lung ECM can modulate the biophysical environment of cells through ECM stiffness, porosity, topography and insolubility. In a reciprocal interaction, lung ECM dynamics result from the synthesis, degradation and organization of ECM components by the surrounding structural and immune cells. Repeated lung injury and repair can trigger a vicious cycle of aberrant ECM protein deposition, accompanied by elevated ECM stiffness, which has a lasting effect on cell and tissue function. The processes governing the resolution of injury repair are regulated by several pathways; however, in chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary disease (IPF) these processes are compromised, resulting in impaired cell function and ECM remodeling. Current estimates show that more than 60% of the human coding transcripts are regulated by miRNAs. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expressions and modulate cellular functions. This review is focused on the current knowledge of miRNAs in regulating ECM synthesis, degradation and topography by cells and their dysregulation in asthma, COPD and IPF.
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34
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Khan MM, Poeckel D, Halavatyi A, Zukowska-Kasprzyk J, Stein F, Vappiani J, Sevin DC, Tischer C, Zinn N, Eley JD, Gudmann NS, Muley T, Winter H, Fisher AJ, Nanthakumar CB, Bergamini G, Pepperkok R. An integrated multiomic and quantitative label-free microscopy-based approach to study pro-fibrotic signalling in ex vivo human precision-cut lung slices. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:2000221. [PMID: 33361096 PMCID: PMC8318569 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00221-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis can affect any organ, resulting in the loss of tissue architecture and function with often life-threatening consequences. Pathologically, fibrosis is characterised by the expansion of connective tissue due to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including the fibrillar forms of collagen. A significant limitation for discovering cures for fibrosis is the availability of suitable human models and techniques to quantify mature fibrillar collagen deposition as close as possible to human physiological conditions.Here we have extensively characterised an ex vivo cultured human lung tissue-derived, precision-cut lung slices (hPCLS) model using label-free second harmonic generation (SHG) light microscopy to quantify fibrillar collagen deposition and mass spectrometry-based techniques to obtain a proteomic and metabolomic fingerprint of hPCLS in ex vivo culture.We demonstrate that hPCLS are viable and metabolically active, with mesenchymal, epithelial, endothelial and immune cell types surviving for at least 2 weeks in ex vivo culture. Analysis of hPCLS-conditioned supernatants showed a strong induction of pulmonary fibrosis-related ECM proteins upon transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) stimulation. This upregulation of ECM proteins was not translated into an increased deposition of fibrillar collagen. In support of this observation, we revealed the presence of a pro-ECM degradation activity in our ex vivo cultures of hPCLS, inhibition of which by a metalloproteinase inhibitor resulted in increased collagen deposition in response to TGF-β1 stimulation.Together the data show that an integrated approach of measuring soluble pro-fibrotic markers alongside quantitative SHG-based analysis of fibrillar collagen is a valuable tool for studying pro-fibrotic signalling and testing anti-fibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Majid Khan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Discovery Biology, Cellzome GmbH, GSK, Heidelberg, Germany
- Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Poeckel
- Discovery Biology, Cellzome GmbH, GSK, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr Halavatyi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Stein
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel C Sevin
- Discovery Biology, Cellzome GmbH, GSK, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nico Zinn
- Discovery Biology, Cellzome GmbH, GSK, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Muley
- Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Biobank Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Biobank Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Institute of Transplantation, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Giovanna Bergamini
- Discovery Biology, Cellzome GmbH, GSK, Heidelberg, Germany
- G. Bergamini and R. Pepperkok contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Rainer Pepperkok
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- G. Bergamini and R. Pepperkok contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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35
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Spagnolo P, Kropski JA, Jones MG, Lee JS, Rossi G, Karampitsakos T, Maher TM, Tzouvelekis A, Ryerson CJ. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Disease mechanisms and drug development. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 222:107798. [PMID: 33359599 PMCID: PMC8142468 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease of unknown cause characterized by relentless scarring of the lung parenchyma leading to reduced quality of life and earlier mortality. IPF is an age-related disorder, and with the population aging worldwide, the economic burden of IPF is expected to steadily increase in the future. The mechanisms of fibrosis in IPF remain elusive, with favored concepts of disease pathogenesis involving recurrent microinjuries to a genetically predisposed alveolar epithelium, followed by an aberrant reparative response characterized by excessive collagen deposition. Pirfenidone and nintedanib are approved for treatment of IPF based on their ability to slow functional decline and disease progression; however, they do not offer a cure and are associated with tolerability issues. In this review, we critically discuss how cutting-edge research in disease pathogenesis may translate into identification of new therapeutic targets, thus facilitate drug discovery. There is a growing portfolio of treatment options for IPF. However, targeting the multitude of profibrotic cytokines and growth factors involved in disease pathogenesis may require a combination of therapeutic strategies with different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Spagnolo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Mark G Jones
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Joyce S Lee
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Pathology Unit, AUSL della Romagna, St. Maria delle Croci Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | - Toby M Maher
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Facility, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christopher J Ryerson
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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Li L, Yang DC, Chen CH. Metabolic reprogramming: A driver of cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory lung diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:392-401. [PMID: 33387604 PMCID: PMC7870291 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. Despite major progress in dissecting the mechanisms associated with disease development and progression, findings only represent one aspect of multifaceted disease. A crucial consequence of this approach is that many therapeutic treatments often fail to improve or reverse the disease state as other conditions and variables are insufficiently considered. To expand our understanding of pulmonary diseases, omics approaches, particularly metabolomics, has been emerging in the field. This strategy has been applied to identify putative biomarkers and novel mechanistic insights. In this review, we discuss metabolic profiles of patients with COPD, asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with a focus on the direct effects of cigarette smoking in altering metabolic regulation. We next present cell- and animal-based experiments and point out the therapeutic potential of targeting metabolic reprogramming in inflammatory lung diseases. In addition, the obstacles in translating these findings into clinical practice, including potential adverse effects and limited pharmacological efficacy, are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David C Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ching-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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37
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Chen H, Qian Z, Zhang S, Tang J, Fang L, Jiang F, Ge D, Chang J, Cao J, Yang L, Cao X. Silencing COX-2 blocks PDK1/TRAF4-induced AKT activation to inhibit fibrogenesis during skeletal muscle atrophy. Redox Biol 2021; 38:101774. [PMID: 33152664 PMCID: PMC7645269 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy with high prevalence can induce weakness and fatigability and place huge burden on both health and quality of life. During skeletal muscle degeneration, excessive fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulated to replace and impair the resident muscle fiber and led to loss of muscle mass. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the rate-limiting enzyme in synthesis of prostaglandin, has been identified as a positive regulator in pathophysiological process like inflammation and oxidative stress. In our study, we found injured muscles of human subjects and mouse model overexpressed COX-2 compared to the non-damaged region and COX-2 was also upregulated in fibroblasts following TGF-β stimulation. Then we detected the effect of selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on fibrogenesis. Celecoxib mediated anti-fibrotic effect by inhibiting fibroblast differentiation, proliferation and migration as well as inactivating TGF-β-dependent signaling pathway, non-canonical TGF-β pathways and suppressing generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. In vivo pharmacological inhibition of COX-2 by celecoxib decreased tissue fibrosis and increased skeletal muscle fiber preservation reflected by less ECM formation and myofibroblast accumulation with decreased p-ERK1/2, p-Smad2/3, TGF-βR1, VEGF, NOX2 and NOX4 expression. Expression profiling further found that celecoxib could suppress PDK1 expression. The interaction between COX-2 and PDK1/AKT signaling remained unclear, here we found that COX-2 could bind to PDK1/AKT to form compound. Knockdown of COX-2 in fibroblasts by pharmacological inactivation or by siRNA restrained PDK1 expression and AKT phosphorylation induced by TGF-β treatment. Besides, si-COX-2 prevented TGF-β-induced K63-ubiquitination of AKT by blocking the interaction between AKT and E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF4. In summary, we found blocking COX-2 inhibited fibrogenesis after muscle atrophy induced by injury and suppressed AKT signaling pathway by inhibiting upstream PDK1 expression and preventing the recruitment of TRAF4 to AKT, indicating that COX-2/PDK1/AKT signaling pathway promised to be target for treating muscle atrophy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhanyang Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dawei Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaojian Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Guillotin D, Taylor AR, Platé M, Mercer PF, Edwards LM, Haggart R, Miele G, McAnulty RJ, Maher TM, Hynds RE, Jamal-Hanjani M, Marshall RP, Fisher AJ, Blanchard AD, Chambers RC. Transcriptome analysis of IPF fibroblastic foci identifies key pathways involved in fibrogenesis. Thorax 2021; 76:73-82. [PMID: 33214245 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-214902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibroblastic foci represent the cardinal pathogenic lesion in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and comprise activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, the key effector cells responsible for dysregulated extracellular matrix deposition in multiple fibrotic conditions. The aim of this study was to define the major transcriptional programmes involved in fibrogenesis in IPF by profiling unmanipulated myofibroblasts within fibrotic foci in situ by laser capture microdissection. METHODS The challenges associated with deriving gene calls from low amounts of RNA and the absence of a meaningful comparator cell type were overcome by adopting novel data mining strategies and by using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), as well as an eigengene-based approach to identify transcriptional signatures, which correlate with fibrillar collagen gene expression. RESULTS WGCNA identified prominent clusters of genes associated with cell cycle, inflammation/differentiation, translation and cytoskeleton/cell adhesion. Collagen eigengene analysis revealed that transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), RhoA kinase and the TSC2/RHEB axis formed major signalling clusters associated with collagen gene expression. Functional studies using CRISPR-Cas9 gene-edited cells demonstrated a key role for the TSC2/RHEB axis in regulating TGF-β1-induced mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 activation and collagen I deposition in mesenchymal cells reflecting IPF and other disease settings, including cancer-associated fibroblasts. CONCLUSION These data provide strong support for the human tissue-based and bioinformatics approaches adopted to identify critical transcriptional nodes associated with the key pathogenic cell responsible for fibrogenesis in situ and further identify the TSC2/RHEB axis as a potential novel target for interfering with excessive matrix deposition in IPF and other fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Guillotin
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adam R Taylor
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Manuela Platé
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul F Mercer
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lindsay M Edwards
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | | | | | - Robin J McAnulty
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Toby M Maher
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Richard P Marshall
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Institute of Transplantation, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andy D Blanchard
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Rachel C Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
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Phan THG, Paliogiannis P, Nasrallah GK, Giordo R, Eid AH, Fois AG, Zinellu A, Mangoni AA, Pintus G. Emerging cellular and molecular determinants of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:2031-2057. [PMID: 33201251 PMCID: PMC7669490 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, is a progressive, irreversible, and typically lethal disease characterized by an abnormal fibrotic response involving vast areas of the lungs. Given the poor knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning IPF onset and progression, a better understanding of the cellular processes and molecular pathways involved is essential for the development of effective therapies, currently lacking. Besides a number of established IPF-associated risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, environmental factors, comorbidities, and viral infections, several other processes have been linked with this devastating disease. Apoptosis, senescence, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, and epithelial cell migration have been shown to play a key role in IPF-associated tissue remodeling. Moreover, molecules, such as chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, adenosine, glycosaminoglycans, non-coding RNAs, and cellular processes including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia, and alternative polyadenylation have been linked with IPF development. Importantly, strategies targeting these processes have been investigated to modulate abnormal cellular phenotypes and maintain tissue homeostasis in the lung. This review provides an update regarding the emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thị Hằng Giang Phan
- Department of Immunology and Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar. .,Biomedical Research Center Qatar University, P.O Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Roberta Giordo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, University City Rd, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali Hussein Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alessandro Giuseppe Fois
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino Aleksander Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, University City Rd, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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Knudsen L, Brandenberger C, Ochs M. Stereology as the 3D tool to quantitate lung architecture. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 155:163-181. [PMID: 33051774 PMCID: PMC7910236 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Stereology is the method of choice for the quantitative assessment of biological objects in microscopy. It takes into account the fact that, in traditional microscopy such as conventional light and transmission electron microscopy, although one has to rely on measurements on nearly two-dimensional sections from fixed and embedded tissue samples, the quantitative data obtained by these measurements should characterize the real three-dimensional properties of the biological objects and not just their “flatland” appearance on the sections. Thus, three-dimensionality is a built-in property of stereological sampling and measurement tools. Stereology is, therefore, perfectly suited to be combined with 3D imaging techniques which cover a wide range of complementary sample sizes and resolutions, e.g. micro-computed tomography, confocal microscopy and volume electron microscopy. Here, we review those stereological principles that are of particular relevance for 3D imaging and provide an overview of applications of 3D imaging-based stereology to the lung in health and disease. The symbiosis of stereology and 3D imaging thus provides the unique opportunity for unbiased and comprehensive quantitative characterization of the three-dimensional architecture of the lung from macro to nano scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Philippstr. 11, 10115, Berlin, Germany. .,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany.
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Verleden SE, Tanabe N, McDonough JE, Vasilescu DM, Xu F, Wuyts WA, Piloni D, De Sadeleer L, Willems S, Mai C, Hostens J, Cooper JD, Verbeken EK, Verschakelen J, Galban CJ, Van Raemdonck DE, Colby TV, Decramer M, Verleden GM, Kaminski N, Hackett TL, Vanaudenaerde BM, Hogg JC. Small airways pathology in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a retrospective cohort study. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2020; 8:573-584. [PMID: 32061334 PMCID: PMC7292784 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(19)30356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The observation that patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can have higher than normal expiratory flow rates at low lung volumes led to the conclusion that the airways are spared in IPF. This study aimed to re-examine the hypothesis that airways are spared in IPF using a multiresolution imaging protocol that combines multidetector CT (MDCT), with micro-CT and histology. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study comparing explanted lungs from patients with severe IPF treated by lung transplantation with a cohort of unused donor (control) lungs. The donor control lungs had no known lung disease, comorbidities, or structural lung injury, and were deemed appropriate for transplantation on review of the clinical files. The diagnosis of IPF in the lungs from patients was established by a multidisciplinary consensus committee according to existing guidelines, and was confirmed by video-assisted thoracic surgical biopsy or by pathological examination of the contralateral lung. The control and IPF groups were matched for age, sex, height, and bodyweight. Samples of lung tissue were compared using the multiresolution imaging approach: a cascade of clinical MDCT, micro-CT, and histological imaging. We did two experiments: in experiment 1, all the lungs were randomly sampled; in experiment 2, samples were selected from regions of minimal and established fibrosis. The patients and donors were recruited from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Leuven, Belgium) and the University of Pennsylvania Hospital (Philadelphia, PA, USA). The study took place at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and the University of British Columbia (Vancouver, BC, Canada). FINDINGS Between Oct 5, 2009, and July 22, 2016, explanted lungs from patients with severe IPF (n=11), were compared with a cohort of unused donor (control) lungs (n=10), providing 240 samples of lung tissue for comparison using the multiresolution imaging approach. The MDCT specimen scans show that the number of visible airways located between the ninth generation (control 69 [SD 22] versus patients with IPF 105 [33], p=0·0023) and 14th generation (control 9 [6] versus patients with IPF 49 [28], p<0·0001) of airway branching are increased in patients with IPF, which we show by micro-CT is due to thickening of their walls and distortion of their lumens. The micro-CT analysis showed that compared with healthy (control) lung anatomy (mean 5·6 terminal bronchioles per mL [SD 1·6]), minimal fibrosis in IPF tissue was associated with a 57% loss of the terminal bronchioles (mean 2·4 terminal bronchioles per mL [SD 1·0]; p<0·0001), the appearance of fibroblastic foci, and infiltration of the tissue by inflammatory immune cells capable of forming lymphoid follicles. Established fibrosis in IPF tissue had a similar reduction (66%) in the number of terminal bronchioles (mean 1·9 terminal bronchioles per mL [SD 1·4]; p<0·0001) and was dominated by increased airspace size, Ashcroft fibrosis score, and volume fractions of tissue and collagen. INTERPRETATION Small airways disease is a feature of IPF, with significant loss of terminal bronchioles occuring within regions of minimal fibrosis. On the basis of these findings, we postulate that the small airways could become a potential therapeutic target in IPF. FUNDING Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, US National Institutes of Health, BC Lung Association, and Genentech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn E Verleden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Naoya Tanabe
- University of British Columbia, Department of Pathology and Center for Heart and Lung Innovation at St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - John E McDonough
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dragoş M Vasilescu
- University of British Columbia, Department of Pathology and Center for Heart and Lung Innovation at St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Feng Xu
- University of British Columbia, Department of Pathology and Center for Heart and Lung Innovation at St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wim A Wuyts
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Davide Piloni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; The Respiratory Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laurens De Sadeleer
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Willems
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cindy Mai
- Department of Radiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Joel D Cooper
- Department of Thoracic Surgery University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erik K Verbeken
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johny Verschakelen
- Department of Radiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Craig J Galban
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dirk E Van Raemdonck
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas V Colby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marc Decramer
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert M Verleden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- University of British Columbia, Department of Pathology and Center for Heart and Lung Innovation at St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James C Hogg
- University of British Columbia, Department of Pathology and Center for Heart and Lung Innovation at St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Senescence of IPF Lung Fibroblasts Disrupt Alveolar Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Promote Migration in Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040389. [PMID: 32344567 PMCID: PMC7238173 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease marked by excessive accumulation of lung fibroblasts (LFs) and collagen in the lung parenchyma. The mechanisms that underlie IPF pathophysiology are thought to reflect repeated alveolar epithelial injury leading to an aberrant wound repair response. Recent work has shown that IPF-LFs display increased characteristics of senescence including growth arrest and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) suggesting that senescent LFs contribute to dysfunctional wound repair process. Here, we investigated the influence of senescent LFs on alveolar epithelial cell repair responses in a co-culture system. Alveolar epithelial cell proliferation was attenuated when in co-culture with cells or conditioned media from, senescence-induced control LFs or IPF-LFs. Cell-cycle analyses showed that a larger number of epithelial cells were arrested in G2/M phase when co-cultured with IPF-LFs, than in monoculture. Paradoxically, the presence of LFs resulted in increased A549 migration after mechanical injury. Our data suggest that senescent LFs may contribute to aberrant re-epithelialization by inhibiting proliferation in IPF.
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Cores J, Dinh PUC, Hensley T, Adler KB, Lobo LJ, Cheng K. A pre-investigational new drug study of lung spheroid cell therapy for treating pulmonary fibrosis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:786-798. [PMID: 32304182 PMCID: PMC7308638 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a lethal interstitial lung disease with unknown etiology, no cure, and few treatment options. Herein, a therapy option is presented that makes use of a heterogeneous population of lung cells, including progenitor cells and supporting cells lines, cultured in adherent and suspension conditions, the latter of which induces spontaneous spheroid formation. Within these spheroids, progenitor marker expression is augmented. The cells, called lung spheroid cells, are isolated from fibrotic lungs, expanded, and delivered in single cell suspensions into rat models of pulmonary fibrosis via tail-vein injections. Two bleomycin-induced fibrotic rat models are used; a syngeneic Wistar-Kyoto rat model, treated with syngeneic cells, and a xenogeneic nude rat model, treated with human cells. The first objective was to study the differences in fibrotic progression in the two rat models after bleomycin injury. Nude rat fibrosis formed quickly and extended for 30 days with no self-resolution. Wistar-Kyoto rat fibrosis was more gradual and began to decrease in severity between days 14 and 30. The second goal was to find the minimum effective dose of cells that demonstrated safe and effective therapeutic value. The resultant minimum effective therapeutic dose, acquired from the nude rat model, was 3 × 106 human cells. Histological analysis revealed no evidence of tumorigenicity, increased local immunological activity in the lungs, or an increase in liver enzyme production. These data demonstrate the safety and efficacy of lung spheroid cells in their application as therapeutic agents for pulmonary fibrosis, as well as their potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Cores
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill and Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Phuong-Uyen C Dinh
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Taylor Hensley
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth B Adler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leonard J Lobo
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill and Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Muthuramalingam K, Cho M, Kim Y. Cellular senescence and EMT crosstalk in bleomycin-induced pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis-an in vitro analysis. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:477-487. [PMID: 31631444 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With poor prognosis and aberrant lung remodeling, pulmonary fibrosis exhibits worldwide prevalence accompanied by an increase in burden in terms of hospitalization and death. Apart from genetic and non-genetic factors, fibrosis occurs as a side effect of bleomycin antineoplastic activity. Elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanism could help in the development of effective anti-fibrotic treatment strategies. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanism behind bleomycin-induced fibrosis using human alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cells). On the basis of the experimental observation, it was demonstrated that with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as a central mediator of fibrosis progression, a cross-talk between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and senescence upon bleomycin treatment occurs. This results in the advancement of this serious fibrotic condition. Fibrosis was initiated through integrin activation and imbalance in the redox state (NOX expression) of the cell. It progressed along the TGF-β-mediated non-canonical pathway (via ERK phosphorylation) followed by the upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen synthesis. Additionally, in this process, the loss of the epithelial marker E-cadherin was observed. Furthermore, the expressions of senescence markers, such as p21 and p53, were upregulated upon bleomycin treatment, thereby intensifying the fibrotic condition. Accordingly, the molecular pathway mediating the bleomycin-induced fibrosis was explored in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Muthuramalingam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonjae Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63241, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63241, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
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Katsamenis OL, Olding M, Warner JA, Chatelet DS, Jones MG, Sgalla G, Smit B, Larkin OJ, Haig I, Richeldi L, Sinclair I, Lackie PM, Schneider P. X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography for Nondestructive Three-Dimensional (3D) X-ray Histology. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1608-1620. [PMID: 31125553 PMCID: PMC6680277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Historically, micro-computed tomography (μCT) has been considered unsuitable for histologic analysis of unstained formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded soft tissue biopsy specimens because of a lack of image contrast between the tissue and the paraffin. However, we recently demonstrated that μCT can successfully resolve microstructural detail in routinely prepared tissue specimens. Herein, we illustrate how μCT imaging of standard formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens can be seamlessly integrated into conventional histology workflows, enabling nondestructive three-dimensional (3D) X-ray histology, the use and benefits of which we showcase for the exemplar of human lung biopsy specimens. This technology advancement was achieved through manufacturing a first-of-kind μCT scanner for X-ray histology and developing optimized imaging protocols, which do not require any additional sample preparation. 3D X-ray histology allows for nondestructive 3D imaging of tissue microstructure, resolving structural connectivity and heterogeneity of complex tissue networks, such as the vascular network or the respiratory tract. We also demonstrate that 3D X-ray histology can yield consistent and reproducible image quality, enabling quantitative assessment of a tissue's 3D microstructures, which is inaccessible to conventional two-dimensional histology. Being nondestructive, the technique does not interfere with histology workflows, permitting subsequent tissue characterization by means of conventional light microscopy-based histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. 3D X-ray histology can be readily applied to a plethora of archival materials, yielding unprecedented opportunities in diagnosis and research of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis L Katsamenis
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Olding
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A Warner
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David S Chatelet
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G Jones
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Giacomo Sgalla
- National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Bennie Smit
- Nikon X-Tek Systems Ltd., Tring, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian Haig
- Nikon X-Tek Systems Ltd., Tring, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Richeldi
- National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Sinclair
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Engineering Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M Lackie
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Schneider
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Bioengineering Science Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Albert RK, Smith B, Perlman CE, Schwartz DA. Is Progression of Pulmonary Fibrosis due to Ventilation-induced Lung Injury? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:140-151. [PMID: 31022350 PMCID: PMC6635778 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0497pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradford Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Carrie E. Perlman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey
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Abstract
Biofabrication techniques have enabled the formation of complex models of many biological tissues. We present a framework to contextualize biofabrication techniques within a disease modeling application. Fibrosis is a progressive disease interfering with tissue structure and function, which stems from an aberrant wound healing response. Epithelial injury and clot formation lead to fibroblast invasion and activation, followed by contraction and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. These stages have healthy wound healing variants in addition to the pathogenic analogs that are seen in fibrosis. This review evaluates biofabrication of a variety of phenotypic cell-based fibrosis assays. By recapitulating different contributors to fibrosis, these assays are able to evaluate biochemical pathways and therapeutic candidates for specific stages of fibrosis pathogenesis. Biofabrication of these culture models may enable phenotypic screening for improved understanding of fibrosis biology as well as improved screening of anti-fibrotic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Yamanishi
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
- The Parker H Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Stephen Robinson
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
- The Parker H Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
- The Parker H Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States of America
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48
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Robinson SK, Ramsden JJ, Warner J, Lackie PM, Roose T. Correlative 3D Imaging and Microfluidic Modelling of Human Pulmonary Lymphatics using Immunohistochemistry and High-resolution μCT. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6415. [PMID: 31015547 PMCID: PMC6478691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung lymphatics maintain fluid homoeostasis by providing a drainage system that returns fluid, cells and metabolites to the circulatory system. The 3D structure of the human pulmonary lymphatic network is essential to lung function, but it is poorly characterised. Image-based 3D mathematical modelling of pulmonary lymphatic microfluidics has been limited by the lack of accurate and representative image geometries. This is due to the microstructural similarity of the lymphatics to the blood vessel network, the lack of lymphatic-specific biomarkers, the technical limitations associated with image resolution in 3D, and sectioning artefacts present in 2D techniques. We present a method that combines lymphatic specific (D240 antibody) immunohistochemistry (IHC), optimised high-resolution X-ray microfocus computed tomography (μCT) and finite-element mathematical modelling to assess the function of human peripheral lung tissue. The initial results identify lymphatic heterogeneity within and between lung tissue. Lymphatic vessel volume fraction and fractal dimension significantly decreases away from the lung pleural surface (p < 0.001, n = 25 and p < 0.01, n = 20, respectively). Microfluidic modelling successfully shows that in lung tissue the fluid derived from the blood vessels drains through the interstitium into the lymphatic vessel network and this drainage is different in the subpleural space compared to the intralobular space. When comparing lung tissue from health and disease, human pulmonary lymphatics were significantly different across five morphometric measures used in this study (p ≤ 0.0001). This proof of principle study establishes a new engineering technology and workflow for further studies of pulmonary lymphatics and demonstrates for the first time the combination of correlative μCT and IHC to enable 3D mathematical modelling of human lung microfluidics at micrometre resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Robinson
- Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Science, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, England. .,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, England.
| | - Jonathan J Ramsden
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, England
| | - Jane Warner
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, England
| | - Peter M Lackie
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, England
| | - Tiina Roose
- Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Science, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, England
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49
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Surolia R, Li FJ, Wang Z, Li H, Dsouza K, Thomas V, Mirov S, Pérez-Sala D, Athar M, Thannickal VJ, Antony VB. Vimentin intermediate filament assembly regulates fibroblast invasion in fibrogenic lung injury. JCI Insight 2019; 4:123253. [PMID: 30944258 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease, with a median survival of 3-5 years following diagnosis. Lung remodeling by invasive fibroblasts is a hallmark of IPF. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of vimentin intermediate filaments (VimIFs) decreases the invasiveness of IPF fibroblasts and confers protection against fibrosis in a murine model of experimental lung injury. Increased expression and organization of VimIFs contribute to the invasive property of IPF fibroblasts in connection with deficient cellular autophagy. Blocking VimIF assembly by pharmacologic and genetic means also increases autophagic clearance of collagen type I. Furthermore, inhibition of expression of collagen type I by siRNA decreased invasiveness of fibroblasts. In a bleomycin injury model, enhancing autophagy in fibroblasts by an inhibitor of VimIF assembly, withaferin A (WFA), protected from fibrotic lung injury. Additionally, in 3D lung organoids, or pulmospheres, from patients with IPF, WFA reduced the invasiveness of lung fibroblasts in the majority of subjects tested. These studies provide insights into the functional role of vimentin, which regulates autophagy and restricts the invasiveness of lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Huashi Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kevin Dsouza
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Vinoy Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and
| | - Sergey Mirov
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical and Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
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50
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Shelmerdine SC, Ashworth MT, Calder AD, Muthialu N, Arthurs OJ. Micro-CT of tracheal stenosis in trisomy 21. Thorax 2019; 74:419-420. [PMID: 30712021 PMCID: PMC6860417 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Shelmerdine
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael T Ashworth
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alistair D Calder
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nagarajan Muthialu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Owen J Arthurs
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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