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Bhuria V, Franz T, Baldauf C, Böttcher M, Chatain N, Koschmieder S, Brümmendorf TH, Mougiakakos D, Schraven B, Kahlfuß S, Fischer T. Activating mutations in JAK2 and CALR differentially affect intracellular calcium flux in store operated calcium entry. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:186. [PMID: 38509561 PMCID: PMC10956330 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium (Ca2+) signaling regulates various vital cellular functions, including integrin activation and cell migration. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) via calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels represents a major pathway for Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space in multiple cell types. The impact of JAK2-V617F and CALR mutations which are disease initiating in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) on SOCE, calcium flux from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytosol, and related key signaling pathways in the presence or absence of erythropoietin (EPO) or thrombopoietin (TPO) is poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the effects of these mutations on the aforementioned calcium dynamics, in cellular models of MPN. METHODS Intracellular Ca2+ levels were measured over a time frame of 0-1080 s in Fura-2 AM labeled myeloid progenitor 32D cells expressing various mutations (JAK2-WT/EpoR, JAK2-V617F/EpoR; CALR-WT/MPL, CALR-ins5/MPL, and del52/MPL). Basal Ca2+ concentrations were assessed from 0-108 s. Subsequently, cells were stimulated with EPO/TPO in Ca2+-free Ringer solution, measuring Ca2+ levels from 109-594 s (store depletion). Then, 2 mM of Ca2+ buffer resembling physiological concentrations was added to induce SOCE, and Ca2+ levels were measured from 595-1080 s. Fura-2 AM emission ratios (F340/380) were used to quantify the integrated Ca2+ signal. Statistical significance was assessed by unpaired Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney-U-test, one-way or two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. RESULTS Following EPO stimulation, the area under the curve (AUC) representing SOCE significantly increased in 32D-JAK2-V617F cells compared to JAK2-WT cells. In TPO-stimulated CALR cells, we observed elevated Ca2+ levels during store depletion and SOCE in CALR-WT cells compared to CALR-ins5 and del52 cells. Notably, upon stimulation, key components of the Ca2+ signaling pathways, including PLCγ-1 and IP3R, were differentially affected in these cell lines. Hyper-activated PLCγ-1 and IP3R were observed in JAK2-V617F but not in CALR mutated cells. Inhibition of calcium regulatory mechanisms suppressed cellular growth and induced apoptosis in JAK2-V617F cells. CONCLUSIONS This report highlights the impact of JAK2 and CALR mutations on Ca2+ flux (store depletion and SOCE) in response to stimulation with EPO and TPO. The study shows that the JAK2-V617F mutation strongly alters the regulatory mechanism of EpoR/JAK2-dependent intracellular calcium balance, affecting baseline calcium levels, EPO-induced calcium entry, and PLCγ-1 signaling pathways. Our results reveal an important role of calcium flux in the homeostasis of JAK2-V617F positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bhuria
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Health-Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention - CHaMP, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Franz
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Conny Baldauf
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Health-Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Health-Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health-Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention - CHaMP, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kahlfuß
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health-Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention - CHaMP, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Health-Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention - CHaMP, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Souza Bomfim GH, Mitaishvili E, Schnetkamp PP, Lacruz RS. Na+/Ca2+ exchange in enamel cells is dominated by the K+-dependent NCKX exchanger. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313372. [PMID: 37947795 PMCID: PMC10637953 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) extrusion is an essential function of the enamel-forming ameloblasts, providing Ca2+ for extracellular mineralization. The plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPases (PMCAs) remove cytosolic Ca2+ (cCa2+) and were recently shown to be efficient when ameloblasts experienced low cCa2+ elevation. Sodium-calcium (Na+/Ca2+) exchange has higher capacity to extrude cCa2+, but there is limited evidence on the function of the two main families of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers in enamel formation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the function of the NCX (coded by SLC8) and the K+-dependent NCKX (coded by SLC24) exchangers in rat ameloblasts and to compare their efficacy in the two main stages of enamel formation: the enamel forming secretory stage and the mineralizing or maturation stage. mRNA expression profiling confirmed the expression of Slc8 and Slc24 genes in enamel cells, Slc24a4 being the most highly upregulated transcript during the maturation stage, when Ca2+ transport increases. Na+/Ca2+ exchange was analyzed in the Ca2+ influx mode in Fura-2 AM-loaded ameloblasts. We show that maturation-stage ameloblasts have a higher Na+/Ca2+ exchange capacity than secretory-stage cells. We also show that Na+/Ca2+ exchange in both stages is dominated by NCKX over NCX. The importance of NCKX function in ameloblasts may partly explain why mutations in the SLC24A4 gene, but not in SLC8 genes, result in enamel disease. Our results demonstrate that Na+/Ca2+ exchangers are fully operational in ameloblasts and that their contribution to Ca2+ homeostasis increases in the maturation stage, when Ca2+ transport need is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erna Mitaishvili
- Department of Chemistry, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York. PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul P.M. Schnetkamp
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Gruper Y, Wolff ASB, Glanz L, Spoutil F, Marthinussen MC, Osickova A, Herzig Y, Goldfarb Y, Aranaz-Novaliches G, Dobeš J, Kadouri N, Ben-Nun O, Binyamin A, Lavi B, Givony T, Khalaila R, Gome T, Wald T, Mrazkova B, Sochen C, Besnard M, Ben-Dor S, Feldmesser E, Orlova EM, Hegedűs C, Lampé I, Papp T, Felszeghy S, Sedlacek R, Davidovich E, Tal N, Shouval DS, Shamir R, Guillonneau C, Szondy Z, Lundin KEA, Osicka R, Prochazka J, Husebye ES, Abramson J. Autoimmune amelogenesis imperfecta in patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease. Nature 2023; 624:653-662. [PMID: 37993717 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Ameloblasts are specialized epithelial cells in the jaw that have an indispensable role in tooth enamel formation-amelogenesis1. Amelogenesis depends on multiple ameloblast-derived proteins that function as a scaffold for hydroxyapatite crystals. The loss of function of ameloblast-derived proteins results in a group of rare congenital disorders called amelogenesis imperfecta2. Defects in enamel formation are also found in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type-1 (APS-1), caused by AIRE deficiency3,4, and in patients diagnosed with coeliac disease5-7. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that the vast majority of patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease develop autoantibodies (mostly of the IgA isotype) against ameloblast-specific proteins, the expression of which is induced by AIRE in the thymus. This in turn results in a breakdown of central tolerance, and subsequent generation of corresponding autoantibodies that interfere with enamel formation. However, in coeliac disease, the generation of such autoantibodies seems to be driven by a breakdown of peripheral tolerance to intestinal antigens that are also expressed in enamel tissue. Both conditions are examples of a previously unidentified type of IgA-dependent autoimmune disorder that we collectively name autoimmune amelogenesis imperfecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Gruper
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anette S B Wolff
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Liad Glanz
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Frantisek Spoutil
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Mihaela Cuida Marthinussen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway/Vestland, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adriana Osickova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yonatan Herzig
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Goretti Aranaz-Novaliches
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dobeš
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Osher Ben-Nun
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amit Binyamin
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bar Lavi
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Givony
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Razi Khalaila
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tom Gome
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tomáš Wald
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Mrazkova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Carmel Sochen
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marine Besnard
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elisaveta M Orlova
- Endocrinological Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Lampé
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Papp
- Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Felszeghy
- Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Esti Davidovich
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Tal
- The Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror S Shouval
- The Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raanan Shamir
- The Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Zsuzsa Szondy
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Radim Osicka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Eystein S Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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4
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Zhang K, Lu Z, Guo X. Advances in epidemiological status and pathogenesis of dental fluorosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1168215. [PMID: 37215086 PMCID: PMC10196443 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1168215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoride is commonly consider as a "double-edged sword" because low consumption of fluoride can effectively prevent dental caries, but excessive consumption of fluoride can cause fluorosis. Dental fluorosis (DF) is a characteristic feature of fluorosis in the oral cavity that is manifested as tooth color changes and evident enamel defect. Presently, the pathogenesis of DF remains unclear. Herein, we have summarized the research progress in the pathogenesis and mechanism of DF in the past 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenfu Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoying Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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5
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Lv Y, Wang W, Yao L, He J, Bai G, Lin C, Tu C. Sodium Fluoride and Sulfur Dioxide Derivatives Induce TGF-β1-Mediated NBCe1 Downregulation Causing Acid-Base Disorder of LS8 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:828-842. [PMID: 35304687 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to assess whether the combination of sodium fluoride (NaF) and sulfur dioxide derivatives (SO2 derivatives) affects the expression of the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 (SLC4A4), triggering an acid-base imbalance during enamel development, leading to enamel damage. LS8 cells was taken as the research objects and fluorescent probes, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and factorial analysis were used to clarify the nature of the fluoro-sulfur interaction and the potential signaling pathway involved in the regulation of NBCe1. The results showed that exposure to fluoride or SO2 derivatives resulted in an acid-base imbalance, and these changes were accompanied by inhibited expression of NBCe1 and TGF-β1; these effects were more significant after fluoride exposure as compared to exposure to SO2 derivatives. Interestingly, in most cases, the toxic effects during combined exposure were significantly reduced compared to the effects observed with fluoride or sulfur dioxide derivatives alone. The results also indicated that activation of TGF-β1 signaling significantly upregulated the expression of NBCe1, and this effect was suppressed after the Smad, ERK, and JNK signals were blocked. Furthermore, fluoride and SO2 derivative-dependent NBCe1 regulation was found to require TGF-β1. In conclusion, this study indicates that the combined effect of fluorine and sulfur on LS8 cells is mainly antagonistic. TGF-β1 may regulate NBCe1 and may participate in the occurrence of dental fluorosis through the classic TGF-β1/Smad pathway and the unconventional ERK and JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lv
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Wentai Wang
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Lili Yao
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao He
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Guohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Changhu Lin
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Chenglong Tu
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.
- The Toxicity Testing Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.
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Said R, Mortazavi H, Cooper D, Ovens K, McQuillan I, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Deciphering the functions of Stromal Interaction Molecule-1 in amelogenesis using AmelX-iCre mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1100714. [PMID: 36935757 PMCID: PMC10014868 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The intracellular Ca2+ sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is thought to play a critical role in enamel development, as its mutations cause Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI). We recently established an ameloblast-specific (AmelX-iCre) Stim1 conditional deletion mouse model to investigate the role of STIM1 in controlling ameloblast function and differentiation in vivo (Stim1 cKO). Our pilot data (Said et al., J. Dent. Res., 2019, 98, 1002-1010) support our hypothesis for a broad role of Stim1 in amelogenesis. This paper aims to provide an in-depth characterization of the enamel phenotype observed in our Stim1 cKO model. Methods: We crossed AmelX-iCre mice with Stim1-floxed animals to develop ameloblast-specific Stim1 cKO mice. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and micro- CT were used to study the enamel phenotype. RNAseq and RT-qPCR were utilized to evaluate changes in the gene expression of several key ameloblast genes. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the amelogenin, matrix metalloprotease 20 and kallikrein 4 proteins in ameloblasts. Results: Stim1 cKO animals exhibited a hypomineralized AI phenotype, with reduced enamel volume, diminished mineral density, and lower calcium content. The mutant enamel phenotype was more severe in older Stim1 cKO mice compared to younger ones and changes in enamel volume and mineral content were more pronounced in incisors compared to molars. Exploratory RNAseq analysis of incisors' ameloblasts suggested that ablation of Stim1 altered the expression levels of several genes encoding enamel matrix proteins which were confirmed by subsequent RT-qPCR. On the other hand, RT-qPCR analysis of molars' ameloblasts showed non-significant differences in the expression levels of enamel matrix genes between control and Stim1-deficient cells. Moreover, gene expression analysis of incisors' and molars' ameloblasts showed that Stim1 ablation caused changes in the expression levels of several genes associated with calcium transport and mitochondrial kinetics. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggest that the loss of Stim1 in ameloblasts may impact enamel mineralization and ameloblast gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Said
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Helyasadat Mortazavi
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - David Cooper
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Katie Ovens
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ian McQuillan
- Department of Computer Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Petros Papagerakis,
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Masunova N, Tereschenko M, Alexandrov G, Spirina L, Tarasenko N. Crucial Role of microRNAs as New Targets for Amelogenesis Disorders Detection. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1139-1149. [PMID: 37936447 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501257011231030161427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) refers to a heterogeneous group of conditions with multiple factors which contribute to the hypomineralisation of enamel. Preventive measures are necessary to predict this pathology. Prospects for preventive medicine are closely related to the search for new informative methods for diagnosing a human disease. MicroRNAs are prominent for the non-invasive diagnostic platform. THE AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the review is to review the heterogeneous factors involved in amelogenesis and to select the microRNA panel associated with the AI type. METHODS We used DIANA Tools (algorithms, databases and software) for interpreting and archiving data in a systematic framework ranging from the analysis of expression regulation from deep sequencing data to the annotation of miRNA regulatory elements and targets (https://dianalab. e-ce.uth.gr/). In our study, based on a gene panel associated with the AI types, twenty-four miRNAs were identified for the hypoplastic type (supplement), thirty-five for hypocalcified and forty-- nine for hypomaturation AI. The selection strategy included the microRNA search with multiple targets using the AI type's gene panel. RESULTS Key proteins, calcium-dependent and genetic factors were analysed to reveal their role in amelogenesis. The role of extracellular non-coding RNA sequences with multiple regulatory functions seems to be the most attractive. We chose the list of microRNAs associated with the AI genes. We found four microRNAs (hsa-miR-27a-3p, hsa-miR-375, hsa-miR-16-5p and hsamiR- 146a-5p) for the gene panel, associated with the hypoplastic type of AI; five microRNAs (hsa- miR-29c-3p, hsa-miR-124-3p, hsa-miR-1343-3p, hsa-miR-335-5p, and hsa-miR-16-5p - for hypocalcified type of AI, and seven ones (hsa-miR-124-3p, hsa-miR-147a, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsamiR- 429, hsa-let-7b-5p, hsa-miR-146a-5p, hsa-miR-335-5p) - for hypomaturation. It was revealed that hsa-miR-16-5p is included in three panels specific for both hypoplastic, hypocalcified, and hypomaturation types. Hsa-miR-146a-5p is associated with hypoplastic and hypomaturation type of AI, which is associated with the peculiarities of the inflammatory response immune response. In turn, hsa-miR-335-5p associated with hypocalcified and hypomaturation type of AI. CONCLUSION Liquid biopsy approaches are a promising way to reduce the economic cost of treatment for these patients in modern healthcare. Unique data exist about the role of microRNA in regulating amelogenesis. The list of microRNAs that are associated with AI genes and classified by AI types has been uncovered. The target gene analysis showed the variety of functions of selected microRNAs, which explains the multiple heterogeneous mechanisms in amelogenesis. Predisposition to mineralisation problems is a programmed event. Many factors determine the manifestation of this problem. Additionally, it is necessary to remember the variable nature of the changes, which reduces the prediction accuracy. Therefore, models based on liquid biopsy and microRNAs make it possible to take into account these factors and their influence on the mineralisation. The found data needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Masunova
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Maria Tereschenko
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Georgy Alexandrov
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Liudmila Spirina
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Tarasenko
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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8
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Souza Bomfim GH, Giacomello M, Lacruz RS. PMCA Ca 2+ clearance in dental enamel cells depends on the magnitude of cytosolic Ca 2. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22679. [PMID: 36515675 PMCID: PMC11006021 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201291r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enamel formation (amelogenesis) is a two-step process whereby crystals partially grow during the secretory stage followed by a significant growth expansion during the maturation stage concurrent with an increase in vectorial Ca2+ transport. This requires tight regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ (c Ca2+ ) concentration in the enamel forming ameloblasts by controlling Ca2+ influx (entry) and Ca2+ extrusion (clearance). Gene and protein expression studies suggest that the plasma membrane Ca2+ -ATPases (PMCA1-4) are likely involved in c Ca2+ extrusion in ameloblasts, yet no functional analysis of these pumps has been reported nor whether their activity changes across amelogenesis. PMCAs have high Ca2+ affinity and low Ca2+ clearance which may be a limiting factor in their contribution to enamel formation as maturation stage ameloblasts handle high Ca2+ loads. We analyzed PMCA function in rat secretory and maturation ameloblasts by blocking or potentiating these pumps. Low/moderate elevations in c Ca2+ measured using the Ca2+ probe Fura-2-AM show that secretory ameloblasts clear Ca2+ faster than maturation stage cells through PMCAs. This process was completely inhibited by an external alkaline (pH 9.0) solution or was significantly delayed by the PMCA blockers vanadate and caloxin 1b1. Eliciting higher c Ca2+ transients via the activation of the ORAI1 Ca2+ channel showed that the PMCAs of maturation ameloblasts were more efficient. Inhibiting PMCAs decreased the rate of Ca2+ influx via ORAI1 but potentiation with forskolin had no effect. Our findings suggest that PMCAs are functional Ca2+ pumps during amelogenesis regulating c Ca2+ upon low and/or moderate Ca2+ stimulus in secretory stage, thus participating in amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
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9
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Elzein R, Abdel-Sater F, Mehawej C, Jalkh N, Ayoub F, Chouery E. Identification by whole-exome sequencing of new single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with molar-incisor hypomineralisation among the Lebanese population. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:919-928. [PMID: 35986881 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental qualitative enamel defect, causing a worldwide challenging dental problem. The etiology of this defect remains unclear. Here we identify by whole-exome sequencing (WES) new single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes expressed during enamel mineralization and in those modulating prenatal, natal and postnatal risk factors among the Lebanese MIH children: immune system and xenobiotic detoxification. DESIGN Dental examination for MIH was performed based on the MIH index for diagnostic criteria. Saliva samples were collected from 37 non-related, MIH-diagnosed subjects for DNA extraction. WES was performed on the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. The χ2 test and Fisher's exact test were used to determine relationship between SNPs frequencies and MIH. OR and its 95% CI were used to report the strength of association. The significance threshold was set at 0.05. RESULTS Among the Lebanese population, 37 SNPs presented a significant association with MIH in the following genes: AMTN, MMP-20, STIM1, STIM2, ORAI1, SLC34A2, SLC34A3, VDR, PVALB, HSP90B1, TRPM7, SLC24A4, CA6, SLC4A2, TNFRSF11A, IL10RB, ARNT, ESR1 and CYP1B1. CONCLUSION This is the first WES study conducted in patients with MIH. Yet, interactions between polymorphisms in different gene categories are to be investigated for a better assessment of MIH susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Elzein
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - F Abdel-Sater
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cellular Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - C Mehawej
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - N Jalkh
- Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - F Ayoub
- Department of Forensic Odontology, Human Identification and Anthropology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - E Chouery
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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10
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Li Y, Costiniti V, Souza Bomfim GH, Neginskaya M, Son GY, Rothermel B, Pavlov E, Lacruz RS. Overexpression of RCAN1, a Gene on Human Chromosome 21, Alters Cell Redox and Mitochondrial Function in Enamel Cells. Cells 2022; 11:3576. [PMID: 36429004 PMCID: PMC9688881 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulator of calcineurin (RCAN1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome (DS). Individuals with DS show dental abnormalities for unknown reasons, and RCAN1 levels have been found to be elevated in several tissues of DS patients. A previous microarray analysis comparing cells of the two main formative stages of dental enamel, secretory and maturation, showed a significant increase in RCAN1 expression in the latter. Because the function of RCAN1 during enamel formation is unknown, there is no mechanistic evidence linking RCAN1 with the dental anomalies in individuals with DS. We investigated the role of RCAN1 in enamel by overexpressing RCAN1 in the ameloblast cell line LS8 (LS8+RCAN1). We first confirmed that RCAN1 is highly expressed in maturation stage ameloblasts by qRT-PCR and used immunofluorescence to show its localization in enamel-forming ameloblasts. We then analyzed cell redox and mitochondrial bioenergetics in LS8+RCAN1 cells because RCAN1 is known to impact these processes. We show that LS8+RCAN1 cells have increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased mitochondrial bioenergetics without changes in the expression of the complexes of the electron transport chain, or in NADH levels. However, LS8+RCAN1 cells showed elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and decreased expression of several enamel genes essential for enamel formation. These results provide insight into the role of RCAN1 in enamel and suggest that increased RCAN1 levels in the ameloblasts of individuals with DS may impact enamel formation by altering both the redox environment and mitochondrial function, as well as decreasing the expression of enamel-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Veronica Costiniti
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Guilherme H. Souza Bomfim
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Maria Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Ga-Yeon Son
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Beverly Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
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11
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Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska T, Borysewicz-Lewicka M, Batura-Gabryel H, Cofta S. Oral Care Recommendation for Cystic Fibrosis Patients-Recommendation for Dentists. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2756. [PMID: 35628882 PMCID: PMC9146407 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that is caused by a defect in the gene coding for the transmembrane cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Research papers published so far point out that despite the numerous dental treatment needs of CF patients, there are no oral care guidelines for this group of patients. The aim of the article is to propose standards of dental prophylactic and therapeutic procedures for CF patients in different age groups. Regardless of the CF patient's age, dental check-ups should be scheduled at least every 6 months. However, taking into account the actual condition of the individual CF patients, therapeutic visits may be scheduled for earlier dates, to provide well-fitting treatment, considering the level of risk of oral diseases. The described management standards may be helpful and may improve the quality of dental care provided to CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Maria Borysewicz-Lewicka
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Halina Batura-Gabryel
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (H.B.-G.); (S.C.)
| | - Szczepan Cofta
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (H.B.-G.); (S.C.)
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12
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Title: p53 alters intracellular Ca2+ signaling through regulation of TRPM4. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ signaling pathway that is evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes. SOCE is triggered physiologically when the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores are emptied through activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. SOCE is mediated by the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, which are highly Ca2+ selective. Upon store depletion, the ER Ca2+-sensing STIM proteins aggregate and gain extended conformations spanning the ER-plasma membrane junctional space to bind and activate Orai, the pore-forming proteins of hexameric CRAC channels. In recent years, studies on STIM and Orai tissue-specific knockout mice and gain- and loss-of-function mutations in humans have shed light on the physiological functions of SOCE in various tissues. Here, we describe recent findings on the composition of native CRAC channels and their physiological functions in immune, muscle, secretory, and neuronal systems to draw lessons from transgenic mice and human diseases caused by altered CRAC channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Emrich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Ryan E Yoast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Costiniti V, Bomfim GHS, Neginskaya M, Son GY, Mitaishvili E, Giacomello M, Pavlov E, Lacruz RS. Mitochondria modulate ameloblast Ca 2+ signaling. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22169. [PMID: 35084775 PMCID: PMC8852362 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100602r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in enamel, the most mineralized tissue in the body, is poorly defined. Enamel is formed by ameloblast cells in two main sequential stages known as secretory and maturation. Defining the physiological features of each stage is essential to understand mineralization. Here, we analyzed functional features of mitochondria in rat primary secretory and maturation-stage ameloblasts focusing on their role in Ca2+ signaling. Quantification of the Ca2+ stored in the mitochondria by trifluoromethoxy carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone stimulation was comparable in both stages. The release of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pools by adenosine triphosphate in rhod2AM-loaded cells showed similar mitochondrial Ca2+ (m Ca2+ ) uptake. However, m Ca2+ extrusion via Na+ -Li+ -Ca2+ exchanger was more prominent in maturation. To address if m Ca2+ uptake via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) played a role in cytosolic Ca2+ (c Ca2+ ) buffering, we stimulated Ca2+ influx via the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and blocked MCU with the inhibitor Ru265. This inhibitor was first tested using the enamel cell line LS8 cells. Ru265 prevented c Ca2+ clearance in permeabilized LS8 cells like ruthenium red, and it did not affect ΔΨm in intact cells. In primary ameloblasts, SOCE stimulation elicited a significantly higher m Ca2+ uptake in maturation ameloblasts. The uptake of Ca2+ into the mitochondria was dramatically decreased in the presence of Ru265. Combined, these results suggest an increased mitochondrial Ca2+ handling in maturation but only upon stimulation of Ca2+ influx via SOCE. These functional studies provide insights not only on the role of mitochondria in ameloblast Ca2+ physiology, but also advance the concept that SOCE and m Ca2+ uptake are complementary processes in biological mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Costiniti
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Guilherme H. S. Bomfim
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Maria Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Ga-Yeon Son
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Erna Mitaishvili
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
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15
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Costiniti V, Bomfim GH, Mitaishvili E, Son GY, Li Y, Lacruz RS. Calcium Transport in Specialized Dental Epithelia and Its Modulation by Fluoride. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:730913. [PMID: 34456880 PMCID: PMC8385142 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.730913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cells use calcium (Ca2+) as a second messenger to convey signals that affect a multitude of biological processes. The ability of Ca2+ to bind to proteins to alter their charge and conformation is essential to achieve its signaling role. Cytosolic Ca2+ (cCa2+) concentration is maintained low at ~100 nM so that the impact of elevations in cCa2+ is readily sensed and transduced by cells. However, such elevations in cCa2+ must be transient to prevent detrimental effects. Cells have developed a variety of systems to rapidly clear the excess of cCa2+ including Ca2+ pumps, exchangers and sequestering Ca2+ within intracellular organelles. This Ca2+ signaling toolkit is evolutionarily adapted so that each cell, tissue, and organ can fulfill its biological function optimally. One of the most specialized cells in mammals are the enamel forming cells, the ameloblasts, which also handle large quantities of Ca2+. The end goal of ameloblasts is to synthesize, secrete and mineralize a unique proteinaceous matrix without the benefit of remodeling or repair mechanisms. Ca2+ uptake into ameloblasts is mainly regulated by the store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) before it is transported across the polarized ameloblasts to reach the insulated enamel space. Here we review the ameloblasts Ca2+ signaling toolkit and address how the common electronegative non-metal fluoride can alter its function, potentially addressing the biology of dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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16
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Epithelial loss of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation leads to disturbed enamel and impaired dentin matrix formation in postnatal developed mouse incisor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22037. [PMID: 33328493 PMCID: PMC7744519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of dentin and enamel matrix depends on reciprocal interactions between epithelial-mesenchymal cells. To assess the role of mitochondrial function in amelogenesis and dentinogenesis, we studied postnatal incisor development in K320E-TwinkleEpi mice. In these mice, a loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), followed by a severe defect in the oxidative phosphorylation system is induced specifically in Keratin 14 (K14+) expressing epithelial cells. Histochemical staining showed severe reduction of cytochrome c oxidase activity only in K14+ epithelial cells. In mutant incisors, H&E staining showed severe defects in the ameloblasts, in the epithelial cells of the stratum intermedium and the papillary cell layer, but also a disturbed odontoblast layer. The lack of amelogenin in the enamel matrix of K320E-TwinkleEpi mice indicated that defective ameloblasts are not able to form extracellular enamel matrix proteins. In comparison to control incisors, von Kossa staining showed enamel biomineralization defects and dentin matrix impairment. In mutant incisor, TUNEL staining and ultrastructural analyses revealed differentiation defects, while in hair follicle cells apoptosis is prevalent. We concluded that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in epithelial cells of the developed incisor is required for Ca2+ homeostasis to regulate the formation of enamel matrix and induce the differentiation of ectomesenchymal cells into odontoblasts.
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17
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Said R, Lobanova L, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Calcium Sets the Clock in Ameloblasts. Front Physiol 2020; 11:920. [PMID: 32848861 PMCID: PMC7411184 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is one of the main components of the store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) signaling pathway. Individuals with mutated STIM1 present severely hypomineralized enamel characterized as amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) but the downstream molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Circadian clock signaling plays a key role in regulating the enamel thickness and mineralization, but the effects of STIM1-mediated AI on circadian clock are unknown. Objectives The aim of this study is to examine the potential links between SOCE and the circadian clock during amelogenesis. Methods We have generated mice with ameloblast-specific deletion of Stim1 (Stim1fl/fl/Amelx-iCre+/+, Stim1 cKO) and analyzed circadian gene expression profile in Stim1 cKO compared to control (Stim1fl/fl/Amelx-iCre–/–) using ameloblast micro-dissection and RNA micro-array of 84 circadian genes. Expression level changes were validated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results Stim1 deletion has resulted in significant upregulation of the core circadian activator gene Brain and Muscle Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocation 1 (Bmal1) and downregulation of the circadian inhibitor Period 2 (Per2). Our analyses also revealed that SOCE disruption results in dysregulation of two additional circadian regulators; p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK14) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1). Both MAPK14 and TGF-β1 pathways are known to play major roles in enamel secretion and their dysregulation has been previously implicated in the development of AI phenotype. Conclusion These data indicate that disruption of SOCE significantly affects the ameloblasts molecular circadian clock, suggesting that alteration of the circadian clock may be partly involved in the development of STIM1-mediated AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Said
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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18
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Costiniti V, Bomfim GH, Li Y, Mitaishvili E, Ye ZW, Zhang J, Townsend DM, Giacomello M, Lacruz RS. Mitochondrial Function in Enamel Development. Front Physiol 2020; 11:538. [PMID: 32547417 PMCID: PMC7274036 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enamel is the most calcified tissue in vertebrates. Enamel formation and mineralization is a two-step process that is mediated by ameloblast cells during their secretory and maturation stages. In these two stages, ameloblasts are characterized by different morphology and function, which is fundamental for proper mineral growth in the extracellular space. Ultrastructural studies have shown that the mitochondria in these cells localize to different subcellular regions in both stages. However, limited knowledge is available on the role/s of mitochondria in enamel formation. To address this issue, we analyzed mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration, as well as the redox status of rat primary enamel cells isolated from the secretory and maturation stages. We show that maturation stage cells have an increased expression of PGC1α, a marker of mitochondrial biogenesis, and of components of the electron transport chain. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR), a proxy for mitochondrial function, showed a significant increase in oxidative phosphorylation during the maturation stage, promoting ATP production. The GSH/GSSG ratio was lower in the maturation stage, indicative of increased oxidation. Because higher oxidative phosphorylation can lead to higher ROS production, we tested if ROS affected the expression of AmelX and Enam genes that are essential for enamel formation. The ameloblast cell line LS8 treated with H2O2 to promote ROS elicited significant expression changes in AmelX and Enam. Our data highlight important metabolic and physiological differences across the two enamel stages, with higher ATP levels in the maturation stage indicative of a higher energy demand. Besides these metabolic shifts, it is likely that the enhanced ETC function results in ROS-mediated transcriptional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Costiniti
- College of Dentistry, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guilherme H Bomfim
- College of Dentistry, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yi Li
- College of Dentistry, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erna Mitaishvili
- College of Dentistry, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- College of Dentistry, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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19
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The orphan solute carrier SLC10A7 is a novel negative regulator of intracellular calcium signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7248. [PMID: 32350310 PMCID: PMC7190670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC10A7 represents an orphan member of the Solute Carrier Family SLC10. Recently, mutations in the human SLC10A7 gene were associated with skeletal dysplasia, amelogenesis imperfecta, and decreased bone mineral density. However, the exact molecular function of SLC10A7 and the mechanisms underlying these pathologies are still unknown. For this reason, the role of SLC10A7 on intracellular calcium signaling was investigated. SLC10A7 protein expression was negatively correlated with store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) via the plasma membrane. Whereas SLC10A7 knockout HAP1 cells showed significantly increased calcium influx after thapsigargin, ionomycin and ATP/carbachol treatment, SLC10A7 overexpression reduced this calcium influx. Intracellular Ca2+ levels were higher in the SLC10A7 knockout cells and lower in the SLC10A7-overexpressing cells. The SLC10A7 protein co-localized with STIM1, Orai1, and SERCA2. Most of the previously described human SLC10A7 mutations had no effect on the calcium influx and thus were confirmed to be functionally inactive. In the present study, SLC10A7 was established as a novel negative regulator of intracellular calcium signaling that most likely acts via STIM1, Orai1 and/or SERCA2 inhibition. Based on this, SLC10A7 is suggested to be named as negative regulator of intracellular calcium signaling (in short: RCAS).
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20
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Souza Bomfim GH, Costiniti V, Li Y, Idaghdour Y, Lacruz RS. TRPM7 activation potentiates SOCE in enamel cells but requires ORAI. Cell Calcium 2020; 87:102187. [PMID: 32146159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels mediated by STIM1/2 and ORAI (ORAI1-3) proteins form the dominant store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) pathway in a wide variety of cells. Among these, the enamel-forming cells known as ameloblasts rely on CRAC channel function to enable Ca2+ influx, which is important for enamel mineralization. This key role of the CRAC channel is supported by human mutations and animal models lacking STIM1 and ORAI1, which results in enamel defects and hypomineralization. A number of recent reports have highlighted the role of the chanzyme TRPM7 (transient receptor potential melastanin 7), a transmembrane protein containing an ion channel permeable to divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+), as a modulator of SOCE. This raises the question as to whether TRPM7 should be considered an alternative route for Ca2+ influx, or if TRPM7 modifies CRAC channel activity in enamel cells. To address these questions, we monitored Ca2+ influx mediated by SOCE using the pharmacological TRPM7 activator naltriben and the inhibitor NS8593 in rat primary enamel cells and in the murine ameloblast cell line LS8 cells stimulated with thapsigargin. We also measured Ca2+ dynamics in ORAI1/2-deficient (shOrai1/2) LS8 cells and in cells with siRNA knock-down of Trpm7. We found that primary enamel cells stimulated with the TRPM7 activator potentiated Ca2+ influx via SOCE compared to control cells. However, blockade of TRPM7 with NS8593 did not decrease the SOCE peak. Furthermore, activation of TRPM7 in shOrai1/2 LS8 cells lacking SOCE failed to elicit Ca2+ influx, and Trpm7 knock-down had no effect on SOCE. Taken together, our data suggest that TRPM7 is a positive modulator of SOCE potentiating Ca2+ influx in enamel cells, but its function is fully dependent on the prior activation of the ORAI channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme H Souza Bomfim
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Veronica Costiniti
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Youssef Idaghdour
- Biology Program, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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21
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Aulestia FJ, Groeling J, Bomfim GHS, Costiniti V, Manikandan V, Chaloemtoem A, Concepcion AR, Li Y, Wagner LE, Idaghdour Y, Yule DI, Lacruz RS. Fluoride exposure alters Ca 2+ signaling and mitochondrial function in enamel cells. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaay0086. [PMID: 32071168 PMCID: PMC7173621 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride ions are highly reactive, and their incorporation in forming dental enamel at low concentrations promotes mineralization. In contrast, excessive fluoride intake causes dental fluorosis, visually recognizable enamel defects that can increase the risk of caries. To investigate the molecular bases of dental fluorosis, we analyzed the effects of fluoride exposure in enamel cells to assess its impact on Ca2+ signaling. Primary enamel cells and an enamel cell line (LS8) exposed to fluoride showed decreased internal Ca2+ stores and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). RNA-sequencing analysis revealed changes in gene expression suggestive of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in fluoride-treated LS8 cells. Fluoride exposure did not alter Ca2+ homeostasis or increase the expression of ER stress-associated genes in HEK-293 cells. In enamel cells, fluoride exposure affected the functioning of the ER-localized Ca2+ channel IP3R and the activity of the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump during Ca2+ refilling of the ER. Fluoride negatively affected mitochondrial respiration, elicited mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and disrupted mitochondrial morphology. Together, these data provide a potential mechanism underlying dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Aulestia
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Johnny Groeling
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Guilherme H S Bomfim
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Veronica Costiniti
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Vinu Manikandan
- Biology Program, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ariya Chaloemtoem
- Biology Program, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Axel R Concepcion
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Larry E Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14526, USA
| | - Youssef Idaghdour
- Biology Program, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14526, USA
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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22
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Reibring CG, Hallberg K, Linde A, Gritli-Linde A. Distinct and Overlapping Expression Patterns of the Homer Family of Scaffolding Proteins and Their Encoding Genes in Developing Murine Cephalic Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041264. [PMID: 32070057 PMCID: PMC7072945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals Homer1, Homer2 and Homer3 constitute a family of scaffolding proteins with key roles in Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ transport. In rodents, Homer proteins and mRNAs have been shown to be expressed in various postnatal tissues and to be enriched in brain. However, whether the Homers are expressed in developing tissues is hitherto largely unknown. In this work, we used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to analyze the expression patterns of Homer1, Homer2 and Homer3 in developing cephalic structures. Our study revealed that the three Homer proteins and their encoding genes are expressed in a wide range of developing tissues and organs, including the brain, tooth, eye, cochlea, salivary glands, olfactory and respiratory mucosae, bone and taste buds. We show that although overall the three Homers exhibit overlapping distribution patterns, the proteins localize at distinct subcellular domains in several cell types, that in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells Homer proteins are concentrated in puncta and that the vascular endothelium is enriched with Homer3 mRNA and protein. Our findings suggest that Homer proteins may have differential and overlapping functions and are expected to be of value for future research aiming at deciphering the roles of Homer proteins during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes-Göran Reibring
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
- Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, SE-45131 Uddevalla, Sweden
| | - Kristina Hallberg
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
| | - Anders Linde
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
| | - Amel Gritli-Linde
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-31-7863392
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23
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Gamage TH, Lengle E, Gunnes G, Pullisaar H, Holmgren A, Reseland JE, Merckoll E, Corti S, Mizobuchi M, Morales RJ, Tsiokas L, Tjønnfjord GE, Lacruz RS, Lyngstadaas SP, Misceo D, Frengen E. STIM1 R304W in mice causes subgingival hair growth and an increased fraction of trabecular bone. Cell Calcium 2019; 85:102110. [PMID: 31785581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signaling plays a central role in bone development and homeostasis. Store operated calcium entry (SOCE) is an important calcium influx pathway mediated by calcium release activated calcium (CRAC) channels in the plasma membrane. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is an endoplasmic reticulum calcium sensing protein important for SOCE. We generated a mouse model expressing the STIM1 R304W mutation, causing Stormorken syndrome in humans. Stim1R304W/R304W mice showed perinatal lethality, and the only three animals that survived into adulthood presented with reduced growth, low body weight, and thoracic kyphosis. Radiographs revealed a reduced number of ribs in the Stim1R304W/R304W mice. Microcomputed tomography data revealed decreased cortical bone thickness and increased trabecular bone volume fraction in Stim1R304W/R304W mice, which had thinner and more compact bone compared to wild type mice. The Stim1R304W/+ mice showed an intermediate phenotype. Histological analyses showed that the Stim1R304W/R304W mice had abnormal bone architecture, with markedly increased number of trabeculae and reduced bone marrow cavity. Homozygous mice showed STIM1 positive osteocytes and osteoblasts. These findings highlight the critical role of the gain-of-function (GoF) STIM1 R304W protein in skeletal development and homeostasis in mice. Furthermore, the novel feature of bilateral subgingival hair growth on the lower incisors in the Stim1R304W/R304W mice and 25 % of the heterozygous mice indicate that the GoF STIM1 R304W protein also induces an abnormal epithelial cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini H Gamage
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma Lengle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gjermund Gunnes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - Helen Pullisaar
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Holmgren
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne E Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Merckoll
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefania Corti
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Centre, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Leonidas Tsiokas
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Geir E Tjønnfjord
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Staale P Lyngstadaas
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Doriana Misceo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Frengen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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24
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Said R, Zheng L, Saunders T, Zeidler M, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Generation of Amelx-iCre Mice Supports Ameloblast-Specific Role for Stim1. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1002-1010. [PMID: 31329049 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519858976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and targeting of the molecular pathways regulating amelogenesis is an ongoing challenge in dental research, and progress has been restricted by the limited number of genetic tools available to study gene function in ameloblasts. Here, we generated 4 transgenic Cre-driver mouse lines that express improved Cre (iCre)-recombinase from the locus of the mouse ameloblast-specific gene amelogenin X (Amelx-iCre) with a large (250-kb) bacterial artificial chromosome DNA vector. All 4 Amelx-iCre transgenic lines were bred with ROSA26 reporter mice to characterize the iCre developmental pattern with the LacZ gene encoding β-galactosidase enzyme activity assay and Cre protein immunohistochemistry. From the 4 generated transgenic lines, 2 were selected for further analysis because they expressed a high amount of Cre recombinase exclusively in ameloblasts and showed developmental stage- and cell-specific β-galactosidase activity mimicking the endogenous amelogenin expression. To test the functionality of the selected transgenic models, we bred the 2 Amelx-iCre mice lines with stromal interaction molecule 1 (Stim1) floxed mice to generate ameloblast-specific Stim1 conditional knockout mice (Stim1 cKO). STIM1 protein serves as one of the main calcium sensors in ameloblasts and plays a major role in enamel mineralization and ameloblast differentiation. Amelx-iCre mice displayed exclusive CRE-mediated recombination in incisor and molar ameloblasts. Stim1 cKO mice showed a severely defected enamel phenotype, including reduced structural integrity concomitant with increased attrition and smaller teeth. The phenotype and genotype of the Amelx-iCre/Stim1 cKO showed significant differences with the previously reported Ker14-Cre/Stim1 cKO, highlighting the need for cell- and stage-specific Cre lines for an accurate phenotype-genotype comparison. Furthermore, our model has the advantage of carrying the entire Amelx gene locus rather than being limited to an Amelx partial promoter construct, which greatly enhances the stability and the specificity of our Cre expression. As such, the Amelx-iCre transgenic lines that we developed may serve as a powerful tool for targeting ameloblast-specific gene expression in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Said
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,2 College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - L Zheng
- 3 Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T Saunders
- 4 Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Zeidler
- 4 Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Papagerakis
- 5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,6 Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - P Papagerakis
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,2 College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,7 Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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25
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Robinson LJ, Blair HC, Barnett JB, Soboloff J. The roles of Orai and Stim in bone health and disease. Cell Calcium 2019; 81:51-58. [PMID: 31201955 PMCID: PMC7181067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Orai and Stim proteins are the mediators of calcium release-activated calcium signaling and are important in the regulation of bone homeostasis and disease. This includes separate regulatory systems controlling mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to form osteoblasts, which make bone, and differentiation and regulation of osteoclasts, which resorb bone. These systems will be described separately, and their integration and relation to other systems, including Orai and Stim in teeth, will be briefly discussed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown WV 26505, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown WV 26505, United States.
| | - Harry C Blair
- Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA 15206, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - John B Barnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown WV 26505, United States
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and the Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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26
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Eckstein M, Vaeth M, Aulestia FJ, Costiniti V, Kassam SN, Bromage TG, Pedersen P, Issekutz T, Idaghdour Y, Moursi AM, Feske S, Lacruz RS. Differential regulation of Ca 2+ influx by ORAI channels mediates enamel mineralization. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/578/eaav4663. [PMID: 31015290 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav4663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) channels are highly selective Ca2+ channels activated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sensors STIM1 and STIM2. Their direct interaction with the pore-forming plasma membrane ORAI proteins (ORAI1, ORAI2, and ORAI3) leads to sustained Ca2+ fluxes that are critical for many cellular functions. Mutations in the human ORAI1 gene result in immunodeficiency, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, and enamel defects. In our investigation of the role of ORAI proteins in enamel, we identified enamel defects in a patient with an ORAI1 null mutation. Targeted deletion of the Orai1 gene in mice showed enamel defects and reduced SOCE in isolated enamel cells. However, Orai2-/- mice showed normal enamel despite having increased SOCE in the enamel cells. Knockdown experiments in the enamel cell line LS8 suggested that ORAI2 and ORAI3 modulated ORAI1 function, with ORAI1 and ORAI2 being the main contributors to SOCE. ORAI1-deficient LS8 cells showed altered mitochondrial respiration with increased oxygen consumption rate and ATP, which was associated with altered redox status and enhanced ER Ca2+ uptake, likely due to S-glutathionylation of SERCA pumps. Our findings demonstrate an important role of ORAI1 in Ca2+ influx in enamel cells and establish a link between SOCE, mitochondrial function, and redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Eckstein
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Martin Vaeth
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Francisco J Aulestia
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Veronica Costiniti
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Serena N Kassam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Timothy G Bromage
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.,Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Pal Pedersen
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, LLC, Thornwood, NY 10594, USA
| | - Thomas Issekutz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Youssef Idaghdour
- Biology Program, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amr M Moursi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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27
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Kappel S, Borgström A, Stokłosa P, Dörr K, Peinelt C. Store-operated calcium entry in disease: Beyond STIM/Orai expression levels. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 94:66-73. [PMID: 30630032 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Precise intracellular calcium signaling is crucial to numerous cellular functions. In non-excitable cells, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is a key step in the generation of intracellular calcium signals. Tight regulation of SOCE is important, and dysregulation is involved in several pathophysiological cellular malfunctions. The current underlying SOCE, calcium release-activated calcium current (ICRAC), was first discovered almost three decades ago. Since its discovery, the molecular components of ICRAC, Orai1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), have been extensively investigated. Several regulatory mechanisms and proteins contribute to alterations in SOCE and cellular malfunctions in cancer, immune and neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and neuronal disorders. This review summarizes these regulatory mechanisms, including glycosylation, pH sensing, and the regulatory proteins golli, α-SNAP, SARAF, ORMDL3, CRACR2A, and TRPM4 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Kappel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Borgström
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Stokłosa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christine Peinelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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28
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Eckstein M, Lacruz RS. CRAC channels in dental enamel cells. Cell Calcium 2018; 75:14-20. [PMID: 30114531 PMCID: PMC6435299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Enamel mineralization relies on Ca2+ availability provided by Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. CRAC channels are modulated by the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor STIM1 which gates the pore subunit of the channel known as ORAI1, found the in plasma membrane, to enable sustained Ca2+ influx. Mutations in the STIM1 and ORAI1 genes result in CRAC channelopathy, an ensemble of diseases including immunodeficiency, muscular hypotonia, ectodermal dysplasia with defects in sweat gland function and abnormal enamel mineralization similar to amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). In some reports, the chief medical complain has been the patient's dental health, highlighting the direct and important link between CRAC channels and enamel. The reported enamel defects are apparent in both the deciduous and in permanent teeth and often require extensive dental treatment to provide the patient with a functional dentition. Among the dental phenotypes observed in the patients, discoloration, increased wear, hypoplasias (thinning of enamel) and chipping has been reported. These findings are not universal in all patients. Here we review the mutations in STIM1 and ORAI1 causing AI-like phenotype, and evaluate the enamel defects in CRAC channel deficient mice. We also provide a brief overview of the role of CRAC channels in other mineralizing systems such as dentine and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eckstein
- Dept. Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York 10010, USA
| | - R S Lacruz
- Dept. Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York 10010, USA.
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29
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Trebak M, Putney JW. ORAI Calcium Channels. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 32:332-342. [PMID: 28615316 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00011.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we discuss the different gene products and translational variants of ORAI proteins and their contribution to the makeup of different native calcium-conducting channels with distinct compositions and modes of activation. We also review the different modes of regulation of these distinct calcium channels and their impact on downstream cellular signaling controlling important physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Trebak
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and
| | - James W Putney
- The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Nurbaeva MK, Eckstein M, Devotta A, Saint-Jeannet JP, Yule DI, Hubbard MJ, Lacruz RS. Evidence That Calcium Entry Into Calcium-Transporting Dental Enamel Cells Is Regulated by Cholecystokinin, Acetylcholine and ATP. Front Physiol 2018; 9:801. [PMID: 30013487 PMCID: PMC6036146 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel is formed by specialized epithelial cells which handle large quantities of Ca2+ while producing the most highly mineralized tissue. However, the mechanisms used by enamel cells to handle bulk Ca2+ safely remain unclear. Our previous work contradicted the dogma that Ca2+ is ferried through the cytosol of Ca2+-transporting cells and instead suggested an organelle-based route across enamel cells. This new paradigm involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated Ca2+ stores and their concomitant refilling by store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mediated by Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. Given that Ca2+ handling is maximal during the enamel-mineralization stage (maturation), we anticipated that SOCE would also be elevated then. Confirmation was obtained here using single-cell recordings of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in rat ameloblasts. A candidate SOCE agonist, cholecystokinin (CCK), was found to be upregulated during maturation, with Cck transcript abundance reaching 30% of that in brain. CCK-receptor transcripts were also detected and Ca2+ imaging showed that CCK stimulation increased [Ca2+]cyt in a dose-responsive manner that was sensitive to CRAC-channel inhibitors. Similar effects were observed with two other SOCE activators, acetylcholine and ATP, whose receptors were also found in enamel cells. These results provide the first evidence of a potential regulatory system for SOCE in enamel cells and so strengthen the Ca2+ transcytosis paradigm for ER-based transport of bulk Ca2+. Our findings also implicate enamel cells as a new physiological target of CCK and raise the possibility of an auto/paracrine system for regulating Ca2+ transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meerim K Nurbaeva
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Miriam Eckstein
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Arun Devotta
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Michael J Hubbard
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
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Vaeth M, Feske S. Ion channelopathies of the immune system. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 52:39-50. [PMID: 29635109 PMCID: PMC6004246 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels and transporters move ions across membrane barriers and are essential for a host of cell functions in many organs. They conduct K+, Na+ and Cl-, which are essential for regulating the membrane potential, H+ to control intracellular and extracellular pH and divalent cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+, which function as second messengers and cofactors for many proteins. Inherited channelopathies due to mutations in ion channels or their accessory proteins cause a variety of diseases in the nervous, cardiovascular and other tissues, but channelopathies that affect immune function are not as well studied. Mutations in ORAI1 and STIM1 genes that encode the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel in immune cells, the Mg2+ transporter MAGT1 and the Cl- channel LRRC8A all cause immunodeficiency with increased susceptibility to infection. Mutations in the Zn2+ transporters SLC39A4 (ZIP4) and SLC30A2 (ZnT2) result in nutritional Zn2+ deficiency and immune dysfunction. These channels, however, only represent a fraction of ion channels that regulate immunity as demonstrated by immune dysregulation in channel knockout mice. The immune system itself can cause acquired channelopathies that are associated with a variety of diseases of nervous, cardiovascular and endocrine systems resulting from autoantibodies binding to ion channels. These autoantibodies highlight the therapeutic potential of functional anti-ion channel antibodies that are being developed for the treatment of autoimmune, inflammatory and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vaeth
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Kim HE, Hong JH. The overview of channels, transporters, and calcium signaling molecules during amelogenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93:47-55. [PMID: 29803993 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Enamel is a highly calcified tissue. Its formation requires a progressive and dynamic system for the regulation of electrolyte concentration by enamel epithelia. A critical function of enamel epithelial cells, ameloblasts, is the secretion and movement of electrolytes via various channels and transporters to develop the enamel tissue. Enamel formation generates protons, which need to be neutralised. Thus, ameloblasts possess a buffering system to sustain mineral accretion. Normal tooth formation involves stage-dependent net fluctuations in pH during amelogenesis. To date, all of our information about ion transporters in dental enamel tissue is based solely on immunostaining-expression techniques. This review critically evaluates the current understanding and recent discoveries and physiological role of ion channels and transporters, Mg2+ transporters, and Ca2+ regulatory proteins during amelogenesis in enamel formation. The ways in which ameloblasts modulate ions are discussed in the context of current research for developing a novel morphologic-functional model of enamel maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Eun Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, 191 Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.
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Eckstein M, Aulestia FJ, Nurbaeva MK, Lacruz RS. Altered Ca 2+ signaling in enamelopathies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1778-1785. [PMID: 29750989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization requires the controlled movement of ions across cell barriers to reach the sites of crystal growth. Mineral precipitation occurs in aqueous phases as fluids become supersaturated with specific ionic compositions. In the biological world, biomineralization is dominated by the presence of calcium (Ca2+) in crystal lattices. Ca2+ channels are intrinsic modulators of this process, facilitating the availability of Ca2+ within cells in a tightly regulated manner in time and space. Unequivocally, the most mineralized tissue produced by vertebrates, past and present, is dental enamel. With some of the longest carbonated hydroxyapatite (Hap) crystals known, dental enamel formation is fully coordinated by specialized epithelial cells of ectodermal origin known as ameloblasts. These cells form enamel in two main developmental stages: a) secretory; and b) maturation. The secretory stage is marked by volumetric growth of the tissue with limited mineralization, and the opposite is found in the maturation stage, as enamel crystals expand in width concomitant with increased ion transport. Disruptions in the formation and/or mineralization stages result, in most cases, in permanent alterations in the crystal assembly. This introduces weaknesses in the material properties affecting enamel's hardness and durability, thus limiting its efficacy as a biting, chewing tool and increasing the possibility of pathology. Here, we briefly review enamel development and discuss key properties of ameloblasts and their Ca2+-handling machinery, and how alterations in this toolkit result in enamelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Eckstein
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, United States
| | - Francisco J Aulestia
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, United States
| | - Meerim K Nurbaeva
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, United States
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, United States.
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Matsuishi YI, Kato H, Masuda K, Yamaza H, Hirofuji Y, Sato H, Wada H, Kiyoshima T, Nonaka K. Accelerated dentinogenesis by inhibiting the mitochondrial fission factor, dynamin related protein 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1655-1660. [PMID: 29223396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated odontogenic epithelium and dental papilla cells differentiate into ameloblasts and odontoblasts, respectively, both of which are essential for tooth development. These differentiation processes involve dramatic functional and morphological changes of the cells. For these changes to occur, activation of mitochondrial functions, including ATP production, is extremely important. In addition, these changes are closely related to mitochondrial fission and fusion, known as mitochondrial dynamics. However, few studies have focused on the role of mitochondrial dynamics in tooth development. The purpose of this study was to clarify this role. We used mouse tooth germ organ cultures and a mouse dental papilla cell line with the ability to differentiate into odontoblasts, in combination with knockdown of the mitochondrial fission factor, dynamin related protein (DRP)1. In organ cultures of the mouse first molar, tooth germ developed to the early bell stage. The amount of dentin formed under DRP1 inhibition was significantly larger than that of the control. In experiments using a mouse dental papilla cell line, differentiation into odontoblasts was enhanced by inhibiting DRP1. This was associated with increased mitochondrial elongation and ATP production compared to the control. These results suggest that DRP1 inhibition accelerates dentin formation through mitochondrial elongation and activation. This raises the possibility that DRP1 might be a therapeutic target for developmental disorders of teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko I Matsuishi
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiji Masuda
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Haruyoshi Yamaza
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Hirofuji
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroko Wada
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nonaka
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Abstract
The Encouraging Novel Amelogenesis Models and Ex vivo cell Lines (ENAMEL) Development workshop was held on 23 June 2017 at the Bethesda headquarters of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). Discussion topics included model organisms, stem cells/cell lines, and tissues/3D cell culture/organoids. Scientists from a number of disciplines, representing institutions from across the United States, gathered to discuss advances in our understanding of enamel, as well as future directions for the field.
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ORAI1 mutations abolishing store-operated Ca 2+ entry cause anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:1297-1310.e11. [PMID: 29155098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels is an essential signaling pathway in many cell types. Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels are formed by ORAI1, ORAI2, and ORAI3 proteins and activated by stromal interaction molecule (STIM) 1 and STIM2. Mutations in the ORAI1 and STIM1 genes that abolish SOCE cause a combined immunodeficiency (CID) syndrome that is accompanied by autoimmunity and nonimmunologic symptoms. OBJECTIVE We performed molecular and immunologic analysis of patients with CID, anhidrosis, and ectodermal dysplasia of unknown etiology. METHODS We performed DNA sequencing of the ORAI1 gene, modeling of mutations on ORAI1 crystal structure, analysis of ORAI1 mRNA and protein expression, SOCE measurements, immunologic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte populations by using flow cytometry, and histologic and ultrastructural analysis of patient tissues. RESULTS We identified 3 novel autosomal recessive mutations in ORAI1 in unrelated kindreds with CID, autoimmunity, ectodermal dysplasia with anhidrosis, and muscular dysplasia. The patients were homozygous for p.V181SfsX8, p.L194P, and p.G98R mutations in the ORAI1 gene that suppressed ORAI1 protein expression and SOCE in the patients' lymphocytes and fibroblasts. In addition to impaired T-cell cytokine production, ORAI1 mutations were associated with strongly reduced numbers of invariant natural killer T and regulatory T (Treg) cells and altered composition of γδ T-cell and natural killer cell subsets. CONCLUSION ORAI1 null mutations are associated with reduced numbers of invariant natural killer T and Treg cells that likely contribute to the patients' immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. ORAI1-deficient patients have dental enamel defects and anhidrosis, representing a new form of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency that is distinct from previously reported patients with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the nuclear factor κB signaling pathway (IKBKG and NFKBIA).
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Lacruz RS. Enamel: Molecular identity of its transepithelial ion transport system. Cell Calcium 2017; 65:1-7. [PMID: 28389033 PMCID: PMC5944837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enamel is the most calcified tissue in vertebrates. It differs from bone in a number of characteristics including its origin from ectodermal epithelium, lack of remodeling capacity by the enamel forming cells, and absence of collagen. The enamel-forming cells known as ameloblasts, choreograph first the synthesis of a unique protein-rich matrix, followed by the mineralization of this matrix into a tissue that is ∼95% mineral. To do this, ameloblasts arrange the coordinated movement of ions across a cell barrier while removing matrix proteins and monitoring extracellular pH using a variety of buffering systems to enable the growth of carbonated apatite crystals. Although our knowledge of these processes and the molecular identity of the proteins involved in transepithelial ion transport has increased in the last decade, it remains limited compared to other cells. Here we present an overview of the evolution and development of enamel, its differences with bone, and describe the ion transport systems associated with ameloblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Dept. Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, United States.
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