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Ossendorp F, Ho NI, Van Montfoort N. How B cells drive T-cell responses: A key role for cross-presentation of antibody-targeted antigens. Adv Immunol 2023; 160:37-57. [PMID: 38042585 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
In this review we discuss an underexposed mechanism in the adaptive immune system where B cell and T cell immunity collaborate. The main function of B cell immunity is the generation of antibodies which are well known for their high affinity and antigen-specificity. Antibodies can bind antigens in soluble form making so-called immune complexes (ICs) or can opsonize antigen-exposing cells or particles for degradation. This leads to well-known effector mechanisms complement activation, antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. What is less realized is that antibodies can play an important role in the targeting of antigen to dendritic cells (DCs) and thereby can drive T cell immunity. Here we summarize the studies that described this highly efficient process of antibody-mediated antigen uptake in DCs in vitro and in vivo. Only very low doses of antigen can be captured by circulating antibodies and subsequently trapped by DCs in vivo. We studied the handling of these ICs by DCs in subcellular detail. Upon immune complex engulfment DCs can sustain MHC class I and II antigen presentation for many days. Cell biological analysis showed that this function is causally related to intracellular antigen-storage compartments which are functional endolysosomal organelles present in DCs. We speculate that this function is immunologically very important as DCs require time to migrate from the site of infection to the draining lymph nodes to activate T cells. The implications of these findings and the consequences for the immune system, immunotherapy with tumor-specific antibodies and novel vaccination strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferry Ossendorp
- Leiden University Medical Center, department of Immunology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Nataschja I Ho
- Leiden University Medical Center, department of Immunology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine Van Montfoort
- Leiden University Medical Center, department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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2
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Zhang Y, Jiang M, Du G, Zhong X, He C, Qin M, Hou Y, Liu R, Sun X. An antigen self-assembled and dendritic cell-targeted nanovaccine for enhanced immunity against cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3518-3534. [PMID: 37655327 PMCID: PMC10465870 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of nanotechnology has opened new horizons for cancer immunotherapy. However, most nanovaccines fabricated with nanomaterials suffer from carrier-related concerns, including low drug loading capacity, unpredictable metabolism, and potential systemic toxicity, which bring obstacles for their clinical translation. Herein, we developed an antigen self-assembled nanovaccine, which was resulted from a simple acryloyl modification of the antigen to induce self-assembly. Furthermore, a dendritic cell targeting head mannose monomer and a mevalonate pathway inhibitor zoledronic acid (Zol) were integrated or absorbed onto the nanoparticles (denoted as MEAO-Z) to intensify the immune response. The synthesized nanovaccine with a diameter of around 70 nm showed successful lymph node transportation, high dendritic cell internalization, promoted costimulatory molecule expression, and preferable antigen cross-presentation. In virtue of the above superiorities, MEAO-Z induced remarkably higher titers of serum antibody, stronger cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune responses and IFN-γ secretion than free antigen and adjuvants. In vivo, MEAO-Z significantly suppressed EG7-OVA tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. These results indicated the translation promise of our self-assembled nanovaccine for immune potentiation and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guangsheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunting He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingying Hou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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3
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Pitiot A, Ferreira M, Parent C, Boisseau C, Cortes M, Bouvart L, Paget C, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Sécher T. Mucosal administration of anti-bacterial antibodies provide long-term cross-protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:312-325. [PMID: 36990281 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial respiratory infections, either acute or chronic, are major threats to human health. Direct mucosal administration, through the airways, of therapeutic antibodies (Abs) offers a tremendous opportunity to benefit patients with respiratory infections. The mode of action of anti-infective Abs relies on pathogen neutralization and crystallizable fragment (Fc)-mediated recruitment of immune effectors to facilitate their elimination. Using a mouse model of acute pneumonia induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we depicted the immunomodulatory mode of action of a neutralizing anti-bacterial Abs. Beyond the rapid and efficient containment of the primary infection, the Abs delivered through the airways harnessed genuine innate and adaptive immune responses to provide long-term protection, preventing secondary bacterial infection. In vitro antigen-presenting cells stimulation assay, as well as in vivo bacterial challenges and serum transfer experiments indicate an essential contribution of immune complexes with the Abs and pathogen in the induction of the sustained and protective anti-bacterial humoral response. Interestingly, the long-lasting response protected partially against secondary infections with heterologous P. aeruginosa strains. Overall, our findings suggest that Abs delivered mucosally promotes bacteria neutralization and provides protection against secondary infection. This opens novel perspectives for the development of anti-infective Abs delivered to the lung mucosa, to treat respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubin Pitiot
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Marion Ferreira
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Christelle Parent
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Chloé Boisseau
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Mélanie Cortes
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Laura Bouvart
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Christophe Paget
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Thomas Sécher
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France.
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Huard A, Wilmes C, Kiprina A, Netzer C, Palmer G, Brüne B, Weigert A. Cell Intrinsic IL-38 Affects B Cell Differentiation and Antibody Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065676. [PMID: 36982750 PMCID: PMC10053218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-38 is an IL-1 family receptor antagonist with an emerging role in chronic inflammatory diseases. IL-38 expression has been mainly observed not only in epithelia, but also in cells of the immune system, including macrophages and B cells. Given the association of both IL-38 and B cells with chronic inflammation, we explored if IL-38 affects B cell biology. IL-38-deficient mice showed higher amounts of plasma cells (PC) in lymphoid organs but, conversely, lower levels of plasmatic antibody titers. Exploring underlying mechanisms in human B cells revealed that exogenously added IL-38 did not significantly affect early B cell activation or differentiation into plasma cells, even though IL-38 suppressed upregulation of CD38. Instead, IL-38 mRNA expression was transiently upregulated during the differentiation of human B cells to plasma cells in vitro, and knocking down IL-38 during early B cell differentiation increased plasma cell generation, while reducing antibody production, thus reproducing the murine phenotype. Although this endogenous role of IL-38 in B cell differentiation and antibody production did not align with an immunosuppressive function, autoantibody production induced in mice by repeated IL-18 injections was enhanced in an IL-38-deficient background. Taken together, our data suggest that cell-intrinsic IL-38 promotes antibody production at baseline but suppresses the production of autoantibodies in an inflammatory context, which may partially explain its protective role during chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Huard
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wilmes
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anastasiia Kiprina
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Netzer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-4593; Fax: +49-69-6301-420
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Heterogeneity and Functions of Tumor-Infiltrating Antibody Secreting Cells: Lessons from Breast, Ovarian, and Other Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194800. [PMID: 36230721 PMCID: PMC9563085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary B cells are gaining increasing recognition as important contributors to the tumor microenvironment, influencing, positively or negatively, tumor growth, patient survival, and response to therapies. Antibody secreting cells (ASCs) constitute a variable fraction of tumor-infiltrating B cells in most solid tumors, and they produce tumor-specific antibodies that can drive distinct immune responses depending on their isotypes and specificities. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the heterogeneity of ASCs infiltrating solid tumors and how both their canonical and noncanonical functions shape antitumor immunity, with a special emphasis on breast and ovarian cancers. Abstract Neglected for a long time in cancer, B cells and ASCs have recently emerged as critical actors in the tumor microenvironment, with important roles in shaping the antitumor immune response. ASCs indeed exert a major influence on tumor growth, patient survival, and response to therapies. The mechanisms underlying their pro- vs. anti-tumor roles are beginning to be elucidated, revealing the contributions of their secreted antibodies as well as of their emerging noncanonical functions. Here, concentrating mostly on ovarian and breast cancers, we summarize the current knowledge on the heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating ASCs, we discuss their possible local or systemic origin in relation to their immunoglobulin repertoire, and we review the different mechanisms by which antibody (Ab) subclasses and isoforms differentially impact tumor cells and anti-tumor immunity. We also discuss the emerging roles of cytokines and other immune modulators produced by ASCs in cancer. Finally, we propose strategies to manipulate the tumor ASC compartment to improve cancer therapies.
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Gandhi GR, Antony PJ, Lana MJMDP, da Silva BFX, Oliveira RV, Jothi G, Hariharan G, Mohana T, Gan RY, Gurgel RQ, Cipolotti R, Quintans LJ. Natural products modulating interleukins and other inflammatory mediators in tumor-bearing animals: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154038. [PMID: 35358934 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by abnormal cell growth and proliferation. Natural products are a potentially important source for bioactive phytochemicals in the management of cancer, which regulate a broad range of biological events via the modulation of interleukins (ILs), pro- and anti-inflammatory modulators, and other cancer hallmark-mediated signaling pathways. PURPOSE To systematically review the literature to identify in vivo studies investigating the anticancer properties of medicinal plants and natural molecules as modulators of ILs and their related pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling markers in tumor-bearing animals. METHODS Articles published in English were searched, without any constraint in respect of countries. The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were used for the literature search for studies published between January 2010 and January 2022. The search terms used included medicinal plants, anticancer, antineoplasic agent, ILs, cytokine, and their combinations. A manual search to detect any articles not found in the databases was also made. The identified studies were then critically reviewed and relevant data were extracted and summarized. RESULTS Natural products were found to modulate ILs, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-23, and IL-12, and interferon gamma; increase tissue inhibitor metalloprotease; decrease vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and nuclear factor kappa B; augment immunity by increasing the major histocompatibility complexes II and CD4+, cluster of differentiation 8 + T cell and class II trans-activator expression; and heighten the action of antioxidant enzymes, which are involved in the detoxification of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION Natural products discussed in this review show great potential to regulate ILs and weaken associated pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling markers in tumor-bearing animals. Flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, alkaloids and tannins are important phytochemicals in the modulation of ILs, especially pro-inflammatory ones. However, in terms of future research, the importance of clinical trials to investigate their beneficial properties should be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento Campus, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Roberta Vieira Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento Campus, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
| | - Gnanasekaran Jothi
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli 620005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindasamy Hariharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli 620005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thiruchenduran Mohana
- Department of Biochemistry, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Kundrathur 600069, Chennai, India
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ricardo Queiroz Gurgel
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento Campus, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento Campus, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil.
| | - Rosana Cipolotti
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento Campus, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento Campus, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
| | - Lucindo José Quintans
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento Campus, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil.
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7
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Yang B, Zhang Z, Chen X, Wang XY, Qin S, Du L, Yang C, Zhu L, Sun W, Zhu Y, Zheng Q, Zhao S, Wang Q, Zhao L, Lin Y, Huang J, Wu F, Lu L, Wang F, Zheng W, Zhou XH, Zhao X, Wang Z, Sun X, Ye Y, Wang S, Li Z, Qi H, Zhang Z, Kuang DM, Zhang L, Shen Z, Liu W. An Asian-specific variant in human IgG1 represses colorectal tumorigenesis by shaping the tumor microenvironment. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:153454. [PMID: 35133976 PMCID: PMC8920342 DOI: 10.1172/jci153454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have focused on ways to treat cancers by modulating T cell activation. However, whether B cell receptor signaling in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can be harnessed for immunotherapy is unclear. Here, we report that an Asia-specific variant of human IgG1 containing a Gly396 to Arg396 substitution (hIgG1-G396R) conferred improved survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Mice with knockin of the murine functional homolog mIgG2c-G400R recapitulated the alleviated tumorigenesis and progression in murine colon carcinoma models. Immune profiling of the TME revealed broad mobilizations of IgG1+ plasma cells, CD8+ T cells, CD103+ DCs, and active tertiary lymphoid structure formation, suggesting an effective antitumor microenvironment in hIgG1-G396R CRC patients. Mechanistically, this variant potentiated tumor-associated antigen–specific (TAA-specific) plasma cell differentiation and thus antibody production. These elevated TAA-specific IgG2c antibodies in turn efficiently boosted the antibody-dependent tumor cell phagocytosis and TAA presentation to effector CD8+ T cells. Notably, adoptive transfer of TAA-specific class-switched memory B cells harboring this variant exhibited therapeutic efficacy in murine tumor models, indicating their clinical potential. All these results prompted a prospective investigation of hIgG1-G396R in patients with CRC as a biomarker for clinical prognosis and demonstrated that manipulating the functionality of IgG1+ memory B cells in tumors could improve immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shishang Qin
- BIOPIC and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liaoqi Du
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liyu Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinwen Zheng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shidong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghe Huang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhou
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziye Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, People's Hospital Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Qi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zemin Zhang
- BIOPIC and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Ming Kuang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- BIOPIC and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanlong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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8
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Macri C, Morgan H, Villadangos JA, Mintern JD. Regulation of dendritic cell function by Fc-γ-receptors and the neonatal Fc receptor. Mol Immunol 2021; 139:193-201. [PMID: 34560415 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) express receptors to sense pathogens and/or tissue damage and to communicate with other immune cells. Among those receptors, Fc receptors (FcRs) are triggered by the Fc region of antibodies produced during adaptive immunity. In this review, the role of FcγR and neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in DC immunity will be discussed. Their expression in DC subsets and impact on antigen uptake and presentation, DC maturation and polarisation of T cell responses will be described. Lastly, we will discuss the importance of FcR-mediated DC function in the context of immunity during viral infection, inflammatory disease, cancer and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Macri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Huw Morgan
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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A Novel Recombinant Fcγ Receptor-Targeted Survivin Combines with Chemotherapy for Efficient Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070806. [PMID: 34356870 PMCID: PMC8301409 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor-like 1 inhibitor (FLIPr), an Fcγ receptor (FcγR) antagonist, can be used as a carrier to guide antigen-FLIPr fusion protein to FcγR then enhances antigen-specific immune responses. Survivin, a tumor-associated antigen, is over-expressed in various types of human cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that recombinant survivin-FLIPr fusion protein (rSur-FLIPr) binds to FcγRs, and efficient uptake by dendritic cells in vivo. In addition, rSur-FLIPr alone stimulates survivin-specific immune responses, which effectively suppresses the tumor growth. The antitumor immunities are through TAP-mediated and CD8-dependent pathways. Furthermore, preexisting anti-FLIPr antibody does not abolish antitumor responses induced by rSur-FLIPr immunization. These results suggest that FLIPr is an effective antigen delivery vector and can be repeatedly used. Combination of chemotherapy with rSur-FLIPr treatment reveals a great benefit to tumor-bearing mice. Altogether, these findings suggest that rSur-FLIPr is a potential candidate for efficient cancer therapy.
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10
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Qin L, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Umeshappa CS, Gao H. Nanovaccine-Based Strategies to Overcome Challenges in the Whole Vaccination Cascade for Tumor Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006000. [PMID: 33768693 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanovaccine-based immunotherapy (NBI) has received greater attention recently for its potential to prime tumor-specific immunity and establish a long-term immune memory that prevents tumor recurrence. Despite encouraging results in the recent studies, there are still numerous challenges to be tackled for eliciting potent antitumor immunity using NBI strategies. Based on the principles that govern immune response, here it is proposed that these challenges need to be addressed at the five critical cascading events: Loading tumor-specific antigens by nanoscale drug delivery systems (L); Draining tumor antigens to lymph nodes (D); Internalization by dendritic cells (DCs) (I); Maturation of DCs by costimulatory signaling (M); and Presenting tumor-peptide-major histocompatibility complexes to T cells (P) (LDIMP cascade in short). This review provides a detailed and objective overview of emerging NBI strategies to improve the efficacy of nanovaccines in each step of the LDIMP cascade. It is concluded that the balance between each step must be optimized by delicate designing and modification of nanovaccines and by combining with complementary approaches to provide a synergistic immunity in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Chongqing Vocational College of Transportation, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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11
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Dendritic Cell Tumor Vaccination via Fc Gamma Receptor Targeting: Lessons Learned from Pre-Clinical and Translational Studies. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040409. [PMID: 33924183 PMCID: PMC8074394 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant recent improvements in the field of immunotherapy, cancer remains a heavy burden on patients and healthcare systems. In recent years, immunotherapies have led to remarkable strides in treating certain cancers. However, despite the success of checkpoint inhibitors and the advent of cellular therapies, novel strategies need to be explored to (1) improve treatment in patients where these approaches fail and (2) make such treatments widely and financially accessible. Vaccines based on tumor antigens (Ag) have emerged as an innovative strategy with the potential to address these areas. Here, we review the fundamental aspects relevant for the development of cancer vaccines and the critical role of dendritic cells (DCs) in this process. We first offer a general overview of DC biology and routes of Ag presentation eliciting effective T cell-mediated immune responses. We then present new therapeutic avenues specifically targeting Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) as a means to deliver antigen selectively to DCs and its effects on T-cell activation. We present an overview of the mechanistic aspects of FcγR-mediated DC targeting, as well as potential tumor vaccination strategies based on preclinical and translational studies. In particular, we highlight recent developments in the field of recombinant immune complex-like large molecules and their potential for DC-mediated tumor vaccination in the clinic. These findings go beyond cancer research and may be of relevance for other disease areas that could benefit from FcγR-targeted antigen delivery, such as autoimmunity and infectious diseases.
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12
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Shen T, Liu JL, Wang CY, Rixiati Y, Li S, Cai LD, Zhao YY, Li JM. Targeting Erbin in B cells for therapy of lung metastasis of colorectal cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:115. [PMID: 33707428 PMCID: PMC7952714 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms and key factors involved in tumor environments for lung metastasis of CRC are still unclear. Here, using clinical samples from lung metastases of CRC patients, we found that intestinal immune network for IgA production was significantly dysregulated in lung metastases of CRC. Single-cell RNA sequencing discovered a subtype of B cells positive for Erbin, one member of the leucine-rich repeat and PDZ domain (LAP) family, was involved in the lung metastases. Erbin deletion in B cells suppressed lung metastasis of CRC in vivo. And, deletion of Erbin in B cells enhanced the killing effects of CD8+ T cells on tumor cells. Mechanistically, Erbin knockout attenuated TGFβ-mediated suppression of migration of CXCR5+ IgA+ cells and STAT6-mediated PD1 expression. Our study uncovered a key role of Erbin in regulating PD1+ IgA+ B cells in lung metastasis of CRC. Targeting Erbin as well as combined use of neutralizing B cells and antibodies neutralizing PD1 suppresses lung metastasis of CRC in mice, suggesting the potential option for treatment of lung metastasis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shen
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing-Lin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Chu-Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Shi Li
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Dong Cai
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China. .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Galluzzi L, Vacchelli E, Fridman WH, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Tartour E, Zucman-Rossi J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Trial Watch: Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:28-37. [PMID: 22720209 DOI: 10.4161/onci.1.1.17938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of hybridoma technology, dating back to 1975, monoclonal antibodies have become an irreplaceable diagnostic and therapeutic tool for a wide array of human diseases. During the last 15 years, several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been approved by FDA for cancer therapy. These mAbs are designed to (1) activate the immune system against tumor cells, (2) inhibit cancer cell-intrinsic signaling pathways, (3) bring toxins in the close proximity of cancer cells, or (4) interfere with the tumor-stroma interaction. More recently, major efforts have been made for the development of immunostimulatory mAbs that either enhance cancer-directed immune responses or limit tumor- (or therapy-) driven immunosuppression. Some of these antibodies, which are thought to facilitate tumor eradication by initiating or sustaining a tumor-specific immune response, have already entered clinical trials. In this Trial Watch, we will review and discuss the clinical progress of the most important mAbs that are have entered clinical trials after January 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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14
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Immunization with alloantibodies-covered melanoma cells induces regional antitumor effects that become systemic when combined with 5-FU treatment. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:151-162. [PMID: 33545224 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alloantibodies, in particular immunoglobulin G (allo-IgG), confer a rejection advantage to tumors sharing the same major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in mice. However, when administrated intratumorally, this effect can only be achieved in combination with dendritic cells (DCs) activation. Here, we developed high titer allo-IgG by multiple rounds of immunization with allogenic B16 melanoma cells, which allows for the strong binding with B16 cells. We demonstrate that B16 cells incubated with these allo-IgG (referred to as allo-IgG-B16) become highly immunogenic, which release tumor antigens that are efficiently presented by classic DCs in lymph nodes (LNs). Injection of allo-IgG-B16 turns the tumor into an immune hot one and even elicits a systemic antitumor response when used together with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). This systemic response is tumor-specific and relies on the critical site - LNs. Our findings provide a rationale for the use of allo-IgG in cancer treatment.
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15
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Abstract
The opposing roles of innate and adaptive immune cells in suppressing or supporting cancer initiation, progression, metastasis and response to therapy has been long debated. The mechanisms by which different monocyte and T cell subtypes affect and modulate cancer have been extensively studied. However, the role of B cells and their subtypes have remained elusive, perhaps partially due to their heterogeneity and range of actions. B cells can produce a variety of cytokines and present tumor-derived antigens to T cells in combination with co-stimulatory or inhibitory ligands based on their phenotype. Unlike most T cells, B cells can be activated by innate immune stimuli, such as endotoxin. Furthermore, the isotype and specificity of the antibodies produced by plasma cells regulate distinct immune responses, including opsonization, antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement activation. B cells are shaped by the tumor environment (TME), with the capability to regulate the TME in return. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms of B cell action, including cytokine production, antigen presentation, ADCC, opsonization, complement activation and how they affect tumor development and response to immunotherapy. We will also discuss how B cell fate within the TME is affected by tumor stroma, microbiome and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shalapour
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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16
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Ackerman SE, Pearson CI, Gregorio JD, Gonzalez JC, Kenkel JA, Hartmann FJ, Luo A, Ho PY, LeBlanc H, Blum LK, Kimmey SC, Luo A, Nguyen ML, Paik JC, Sheu LY, Ackerman B, Lee A, Li H, Melrose J, Laura RP, Ramani VC, Henning KA, Jackson DY, Safina BS, Yonehiro G, Devens BH, Carmi Y, Chapin SJ, Bendall SC, Kowanetz M, Dornan D, Engleman EG, Alonso MN. Immune-stimulating antibody conjugates elicit robust myeloid activation and durable antitumor immunity. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:18-33. [PMID: 35121890 PMCID: PMC9012298 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Innate pattern recognition receptor agonists, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), alter the tumor microenvironment and prime adaptive antitumor immunity. However, TLR agonists present toxicities associated with widespread immune activation after systemic administration. To design a TLR-based therapeutic suitable for systemic delivery and capable of safely eliciting tumor-targeted responses, we developed immune-stimulating antibody conjugates (ISACs) comprising a TLR7/8 dual agonist conjugated to tumor-targeting antibodies. Systemically administered human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted ISACs were well tolerated and triggered a localized immune response in the tumor microenvironment that resulted in tumor clearance and immunological memory. Mechanistically, ISACs required tumor antigen recognition, Fcγ-receptor-dependent phagocytosis and TLR-mediated activation to drive tumor killing by myeloid cells and subsequent T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity. ISAC-mediated immunological memory was not limited to the HER2 ISAC target antigen since ISAC-treated mice were protected from rechallenge with the HER2- parental tumor. These results provide a strong rationale for the clinical development of ISACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley E Ackerman
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bolt Biotherapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Justin A Kenkel
- Bolt Biotherapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Felix J Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Angela Luo
- Bolt Biotherapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Po Y Ho
- Bolt Biotherapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | - Lisa K Blum
- Bolt Biotherapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Samuel C Kimmey
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Luo
- Bolt Biotherapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | - Jason C Paik
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Y Sheu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Ackerman
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arthur Lee
- Bolt Biotherapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Hai Li
- Bolt Biotherapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yaron Carmi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | | | - Sean C Bendall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - David Dornan
- Bolt Biotherapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael N Alonso
- Bolt Biotherapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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17
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Galili U. Amplifying immunogenicity of prospective Covid-19 vaccines by glycoengineering the coronavirus glycan-shield to present α-gal epitopes. Vaccine 2020; 38:6487-6499. [PMID: 32907757 PMCID: PMC7437500 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The many carbohydrate chains on Covid-19 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its S-protein form a glycan-shield that masks antigenic peptides and decreases uptake of inactivated virus or S-protein vaccines by APC. Studies on inactivated influenza virus and recombinant gp120 of HIV vaccines indicate that glycoengineering of glycan-shields to present α-gal epitopes (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R) enables harnessing of the natural anti-Gal antibody for amplifying vaccine efficacy, as evaluated in mice producing anti-Gal. The α-gal epitope is the ligand for the natural anti-Gal antibody which constitutes ~1% of immunoglobulins in humans. Upon administration of vaccines presenting α-gal epitopes, anti-Gal binds to these epitopes at the vaccination site and forms immune complexes with the vaccines. These immune complexes are targeted for extensive uptake by APC as a result of binding of the Fc portion of immunocomplexed anti-Gal to Fc receptors on APC. This anti-Gal mediated effective uptake of vaccines by APC results in 10-200-fold higher anti-viral immune response and in 8-fold higher survival rate following challenge with a lethal dose of live influenza virus, than same vaccines lacking α-gal epitopes. It is suggested that glycoengineering of carbohydrate chains on the glycan-shield of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 or on S-protein vaccines, for presenting α-gal epitopes, will have similar amplifying effects on vaccine efficacy. α-Gal epitope synthesis on coronavirus vaccines can be achieved with recombinant α1,3galactosyltransferase, replication of the virus in cells with high α1,3galactosyltransferase activity as a result of stable transfection of cells with several copies of the α1,3galactosyltransferase gene (GGTA1), or by transduction of host cells with replication defective adenovirus containing this gene. In addition, recombinant S-protein presenting multiple α-gal epitopes on the glycan-shield may be produced in glycoengineered yeast or bacteria expression systems containing the corresponding glycosyltransferases. Prospective Covid-19 vaccines presenting α-gal epitopes may provide better protection than vaccines lacking this epitope because of increased uptake by APC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- Betacoronavirus/drug effects
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Coronavirus Infections/genetics
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Genetic Engineering
- HIV Core Protein p24/chemistry
- HIV Core Protein p24/genetics
- HIV Core Protein p24/immunology
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/virology
- Mice
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Trisaccharides/chemistry
- Trisaccharides/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Galili
- Department of Medicine, Rush Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA.
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18
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Baniel CC, Heinze CM, Hoefges A, Sumiec EG, Hank JA, Carlson PM, Jin WJ, Patel RB, Sriramaneni RN, Gillies SD, Erbe AK, Schwarz CN, Pieper AA, Rakhmilevich AL, Sondel PM, Morris ZS. In situ Vaccine Plus Checkpoint Blockade Induces Memory Humoral Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1610. [PMID: 32849544 PMCID: PMC7396490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a syngeneic murine melanoma (MEL) model, we recently reported an in situ vaccination response to combined radiation (RT) and intra-tumoral (IT) injection of anti-GD2 hu14. 18-IL2 immunocytokine (IC). This combined treatment resulted in 71% complete and durable regression of 5-week tumors, a tumor-specific memory T cell response, and augmented response to systemic anti-CTLA-4 antibody checkpoint blockade. While the ability of radiation to diversify anti-tumor T cell response has been reported, we hypothesize that mice rendered disease-free (DF) by a RT-based ISV might also exhibit a heightened B cell response. C57BL/6 mice were engrafted with 2 × 106 GD2+ B78 MEL and treated at a target tumor size of ~200 mm3 with 12 Gy RT, IT-IC on day (D)6-D10, and anti-CTLA-4 on D3, 6, and 9. Serum was collected via facial vein before tumor injection, before treatment, during treatment, after becoming DF, and following rejection of subcutaneous 2 × 106 B78 MEL re-challenge on D90. Flow cytometry demonstrated the presence of tumor-specific IgG in sera from mice rendered DF and rejecting re-challenge with B78 MEL at D90 after starting treatment. Consistent with an adaptive endogenous anti-tumor humoral memory response, these anti-tumor antibodies bound to B78 cells and parental B16 cells (GD2-), but not to the unrelated syngeneic Panc02 or Panc02 GD2+ cell lines. We evaluated the kinetics of this response and observed that tumor-specific IgG was consistently detected by D22 after initiation of treatment, corresponding to a time of rapid tumor regression. The amount of tumor-specific antibody binding to tumor cells (as measured by flow MFI) did not correlate with host animal prognosis. Incubation of B16 MEL cells in DF serum, vs. naïve serum, prior to IV injection, did not delay engraftment of B16 metastases and showed similar overall survival rates. B cell depletion using anti-CD20 or anti-CD19 and anti-B220 did not impact the efficacy of ISV treatment. Thus, treatment with RT + IC + anti-CTLA-4 results in adaptive anti-tumor humoral memory response. This endogenous tumor-specific antibody response does not appear to have therapeutic efficacy but may serve as a biomarker for an anti-tumor T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C Baniel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Clinton M Heinze
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Anna Hoefges
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Elizabeth G Sumiec
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jaquelyn A Hank
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Peter M Carlson
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Won Jong Jin
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ravi B Patel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | | | - Amy K Erbe
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ciara N Schwarz
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alexander A Pieper
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Zachary S Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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19
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Franssen LE, Stege CAM, Zweegman S, van de Donk NWCJ, Nijhof IS. Resistance Mechanisms Towards CD38-Directed Antibody Therapy in Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1195. [PMID: 32331242 PMCID: PMC7230744 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies targeting CD38 are rapidly changing the treatment landscape of multiple myeloma (MM). CD38-directed antibodies have several mechanisms of action. Fc-dependent immune effector mechanisms include complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and apoptosis. In addition, direct effects and immunomodulatory effects contribute to the efficacy of CD38-directed antibodies. Daratumumab, the first-in-class anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, is now part of standard treatment regimens of both newly diagnosed as well as relapsed/refractory MM patients. The FDA has recently approved isatuximab in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed/refractory MM patients after at least two prior therapies. Further, the other CD38-targeting antibodies (i.e., MOR202 and TAK-079) are increasingly used in clinical trials. The shift to front-line treatment of daratumumab will lead to an increase in patients refractory to CD38 antibody therapy already after first-line treatment. Therefore, it is important to gain insight into the mechanisms of resistance to CD38-targeting antibodies in MM, and to develop strategies to overcome this resistance. In the current review, we will briefly describe the most important clinical data and mechanisms of action and will focus in depth on the current knowledge on mechanisms of resistance to CD38-targeting antibodies and potential strategies to overcome this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens E. Franssen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.A.M.S.); (S.Z.); (N.W.C.J.v.d.D.); (I.S.N.)
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20
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Soekojo CY, Ooi M, de Mel S, Chng WJ. Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma. Cells 2020; 9:E601. [PMID: 32138182 PMCID: PMC7140529 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a complex disease and immune dysfunction has been known to play an important role in the disease pathogenesis, progression, and drug resistance. Recent efforts in drug development have been focused on immunotherapies to modify the MM disease process. Here, we summarize the emerging immunotherapies in the MM treatment landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wee Joo Chng
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.Y.S.); (M.O.); (S.d.M.)
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21
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Sharonov GV, Serebrovskaya EO, Yuzhakova DV, Britanova OV, Chudakov DM. B cells, plasma cells and antibody repertoires in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:294-307. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Abstract
In vertebrates, immunoglobulins (Igs), commonly known as antibodies, play an integral role in the armamentarium of immune defense against various pathogens. After an antigenic challenge, antibodies are secreted by differentiated B cells called plasma cells. Antibodies have two predominant roles that involve specific binding to antigens to launch an immune response, along with activation of other components of the immune system to fight pathogens. The ability of immunoglobulins to fight against innumerable and diverse pathogens lies in their intrinsic ability to discriminate between different antigens. Due to this specificity and high affinity for their antigens, antibodies have been a valuable and indispensable tool in research, diagnostics and therapy. Although seemingly a simple maneuver, the association between an antibody and its antigen, to make an antigen-antibody complex, is comprised of myriads of non-covalent interactions. Amino acid residues on the antigen binding site, the epitope, and on the antibody binding site, the paratope, intimately contribute to the energetics needed for the antigen-antibody complex stability. Structural biology methods to study antigen-antibody complexes are extremely valuable tools to visualize antigen-antibody interactions in detail; this helps to elucidate the basis of molecular recognition between an antibody and its specific antigen. The main scope of this chapter is to discuss the structure and function of different classes of antibodies and the various aspects of antigen-antibody interactions including antigen-antibody interfaces-with a special focus on paratopes, complementarity determining regions (CDRs) and other non-CDR residues important for antigen binding and recognition. Herein, we also discuss methods used to study antigen-antibody complexes, antigen recognition by antibodies, types of antigens in complexes, and how antigen-antibody complexes play a role in modern day medicine and human health. Understanding the molecular basis of antigen binding and recognition by antibodies helps to facilitate the production of better and more potent antibodies for immunotherapy, vaccines and various other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brenda Kapingidza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Krzysztof Kowal
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Experimental Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Chiang CY, Wu CC, Chen YJ, Liu SJ, Leng CH, Chen HW. Delivery of Antigen to CD8 + Dendritic Cells by Fusing Antigen With Formyl Peptide Receptor-Like 1 Inhibitor Protein Induces Antitumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1839. [PMID: 31428106 PMCID: PMC6688046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge for vaccine development is targeting antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo, enabling cross-presentation, and inducing the memory responses. Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) are expressed on many cell types including DCs. Therefore, targeting of antigen to DCs via FcγRs is an attractive strategy for vaccine development. This study employ formyl peptide receptor-like 1 inhibitory protein (FLIPr), an FcγR binding protein secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, to deliver antigen to DCs. Our results show that FLIPr is a competent vehicle in delivering antigen to CD8+ DCs for induction of potent immunities without extra adjuvant formulation. Fusion antigen with FLIPr enables effective antigen presentation on both MHC class II and class I to induce memory T cell responses. Altogether, using FLIPr as an antigen delivery vector has great potential to apply antigens for cancer immunotherapy as well as other infectious disease vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Chiang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chieh Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jyun Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Leng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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24
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An aluminum adjuvant-integrated nano-MOF as antigen delivery system to induce strong humoral and cellular immune responses. J Control Release 2019; 300:81-92. [PMID: 30826373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have high surface area, tunable pore size, and high loading capacity, making them promising for drug delivery. However, their synthesis requires organic solvents, high temperature and high pressure that are incompatible with biomacromolecules. Zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIF-8) which forms through coordination between zinc ions and 2-methylimidazole (MeIM) have emerged as an advanced functional material for drug delivery due to its unique features such as high loading and pH-sensitive degradation. In this study, we took advantage of a natural biomineralization process to create aluminum-containing nanoZIF-8 particles for antigen delivery. Without organic solvents or stabilizing agent, nanoparticles (ZANPs) were synthesized by a mild and facile method with aluminum, model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and ZIF-8 integrated. A high antigen loading capacity (%) of 30.6% and a pH dependent antigen release were achieved. A Toll-like receptor 9 agonist cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) was adsorbed on the surface of ZANPs (hereafter CpG/ZANPs) to boost the immune response. After subcutaneous injection in vivo, CpG/ZANPs targeted lymph nodes (LNs), where their cargo was efficiently internalized by LN-resident antigen-presenting cells (APCs). ZANPs decomposition in lysosomes released antigen into the cytoplasm and enhanced cross-presentation. Moreover, CpG/ZANPs induced strong antigen-specific humoral and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses that significantly inhibited the growth of EG7-OVA tumors while showing minimal cytotoxicity. We demonstrate that ZANPs may be a safe and effective vehicle for the development of cancer vaccines.
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25
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Criscitiello C, Viale G, Curigliano G. Peptide vaccines in early breast cancer. Breast 2019; 44:128-134. [PMID: 30769238 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a dual role of host-protecting and tumor-promoting, as elegantly expressed by the 'cancer immunoediting' hypothesis. Although breast cancer has not been traditionally considered to be immunogenic, recently there is accumulating and solid evidence on the association between immune system and breast cancer. To mount an effective anti-tumor response, host immunosurveillance must recognize tumor-specific epitopes, thus defining the antigenicity of a tumor. Neoantigens are mutant cancer peptides that arise as terminal products of the expression of somatic cancer mutations. Neoantigens and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins present together to effector cells of the immune system. Neoantigen vaccines have shown promising results in inducing neoantigen-specific T-cell responses. Currently, cancer vaccines are under evaluation in breast cancer to avoid recurrences in patients at high risk despite optimal standard therapy. Given the promise of a very specific long-term antitumor immune response, the development of cancer vaccines continues is of great interest. Combinations of neoantigen vaccines and other immunotherapies are also studied to evade cancer immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Viale
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan Italy; University of Milan, Italy.
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26
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Abstract
In recent years, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have made impressive progress, providing great benefit by successfully treating malignant and chronic inflammatory diseases. Monoclonal antibodies with broadly neutralizing effects against specific antigens, or that target specific immune regulators, manifest therapeutic effects via their Fab fragment specificities. Subsequently therapeutic efficacy is mediated mostly by interactions of the Fc fragments of the antibodies with their receptors (FcR) displayed on cells of the immune system. These interactions can trigger a series of immunoregulatory responses, involving both innate and adaptive immune systems and including cross-presentation of antigens, activation of CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells, phagocytosis, complement-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). The nature of the triggered effector functions of the antibodies is markedly affected by the glycosylation patterns of the Fc fragments. These can cause differences in the conformation of the heavy chains of antibodies, with resultant changes in antibody binding affinity and activation of the complement system. Studies of the Fc glycosylation profiles together with the associated Fc effector functions and FcR/CR interactions promoted interest and progress in engineering therapeutic antibodies. Furthermore, because antigen–antibody immune complexes (ICs) have shown similar actions, in addition to certain novel immunoregulatory mechanisms that also reshape immune responses, the properties of ICs are being explored in new approaches for prevention and therapy of diseases. In this review, both basic studies and experimental/clinical applications of ICs leading to the development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines are presented.
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Abstract
Antibody/antigen binding results in immune complexes (IC) that have a variety of regulatory functions. One important feature is the enhanced host immune activation against antigen contained in the complex. ICs play important roles at several critical steps that lead to B and T cell activation, including antigen targeting/retention, facilitated antigen uptake, antigen presenting cell activation and proper balancing of positive and negative stimulatory signals. In both poultry industry and clinical health care, ICs have been used as preventive and therapeutic vaccines. With our deepening understanding of antibody biology, particularly in light of new revelations of regulatory functions of Fc receptors, mechanistically more precise engineering has spearheaded tailored use of this tool for infection control and cancer therapy. IC-based treatment and prophylaxis have been tested to different extents in HBV, HIV and influenza viral infection control and are actively examined as an alternative treatment for several forms of tumor. As a part of this book series, this chapter aims to discuss the mechanistic aspects of IC signaling and their impact on immune cells. We give samples how this old technology has been used by practitioners over the last several decades and suggest potential paths for future development of IC-based immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Rm 401, Fuxing Bldg, 131 Yi Xue Yuan Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,D301 Medical Sciences Bldg, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 00084, China
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28
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van de Donk NW, Usmani SZ. CD38 Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma: Mechanisms of Action and Modes of Resistance. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2134. [PMID: 30294326 PMCID: PMC6158369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MM cells express high levels of CD38, while CD38 is expressed at relatively low levels on normal lymphoid and myeloid cells, and in some non-hematopoietic tissues. This expression profile, together with the role of CD38 in adhesion and as ectoenzyme, resulted in the development of CD38 antibodies for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). At this moment several CD38 antibodies are at different phases of clinical testing, with daratumumab already approved for various indications both as monotherapy and in combination with standards of care in MM. CD38 antibodies have Fc-dependent immune effector mechanisms, such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Inhibition of ectoenzymatic function and direct apoptosis induction may also contribute to the efficacy of the antibodies to kill MM cells. The CD38 antibodies also improve host-anti-tumor immunity by the elimination of regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Mechanisms of primary and/or acquired resistance include tumor-related factors, such as reduced cell surface expression levels of the target antigen and high levels of complement inhibitors (CD55 and CD59). Differences in frequency or activity of effector cells may also contribute to differences in outcome. Furthermore, the microenvironment protects MM cells to CD38 antibody-induced ADCC by upregulation of anti-apoptotic molecules, such as survivin. Improved understanding of modes of action and mechanisms of resistance has resulted in rationally designed CD38-based combination therapies, which will contribute to further improvement in outcome of MM patients.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/drug effects
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Phagocytosis/immunology
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saad Z. Usmani
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, NC, United States
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29
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Clarke F, Purvis HA, Sanchez-Blanco C, Gutiérrez-Martinez E, Cornish GH, Zamoyska R, Guermonprez P, Cope AP. The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 negatively regulates presentation of immune complex derived antigens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12692. [PMID: 30139951 PMCID: PMC6107551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A C1858T single nucleotide polymorphism within PTPN22 (which encodes PTPN22R620W) is associated with an enhanced susceptibility to multiple autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. Many of the associated autoimmune diseases have an autoantibody component to their pathology. Fc receptors (FcRs) recognise autoantibodies when they bind to autoantigens and form immune complexes. After immune complex binding and receptor crosslinking, FcRs signal via Src and Syk family kinases, leading to antigen uptake, presentation and cytokine secretion. Ptpn22 encodes a protein tyrosine phosphatase that negatively regulates Src and Syk family kinases proximal to immunoreceptor signalling cascades. We therefore hypothesised that PTPN22 regulates immune complex stimulated FcR responses in dendritic cells (DCs). Bone marrow derived DCs (BMDCs) from wild type (WT) or Ptpn22-/- mice were pulsed with ovalbumin:anti-ovalbumin immune complexes (ova ICs). Co-culture with WT OT-II T cells revealed that ova IC pulsed Ptpn22-/- BMDCs have an enhanced capability to induce T cell proliferation. This was associated with an increased capability of Ptpn22-/- BMDCs to present immune complex derived antigens and to form ova IC dependent DC-T cell conjugates. These findings highlight PTPN22 as a regulator of FcR mediated responses and provide a link between the association of PTPN22R620W with autoantibody associated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Clarke
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
| | - Harriet A Purvis
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Blanco
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique Gutiérrez-Martinez
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina H Cornish
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Guermonprez
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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30
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Hapten-mediated recruitment of polyclonal antibodies to tumors engenders antitumor immunity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3348. [PMID: 30135425 PMCID: PMC6105580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Uptake of tumor antigens by tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells is limiting step in the induction of tumor immunity, which can be mediated through Fc receptor (FcR) triggering by antibody-coated tumor cells. Here we describe an approach to potentiate tumor immunity whereby hapten-specific polyclonal antibodies are recruited to tumors by coating tumor cells with the hapten. Vaccination of mice against dinitrophenol (DNP) followed by systemic administration of DNP targeted to tumors by conjugation to a VEGF or osteopontin aptamer elicits potent FcR dependent, T cell mediated, antitumor immunity. Recruitment of αGal-specific antibodies, the most abundant naturally occurring antibodies in human serum, inhibits tumor growth in mice treated with a VEGF aptamer-αGal hapten conjugate, and recruits antibodies from human serum to human tumor biopsies of distinct origin. Thus, treatment with αGal hapten conjugated to broad-spectrum tumor targeting ligands could enhance the susceptibility of a broad range of tumors to immune elimination.
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31
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Hulett TW, Jensen SM, Wilmarth PA, Reddy AP, Ballesteros-Merino C, Afentoulis ME, Dubay C, David LL, Fox BA. Coordinated responses to individual tumor antigens by IgG antibody and CD8+ T cells following cancer vaccination. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:27. [PMID: 29618380 PMCID: PMC5885379 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of today’s greatest hurdles for cancer immunotherapy is the absence of information regarding which tumor antigens are already recognized by patients receiving immunotherapies, and whether those therapies then boost or generate an immune response against tumor proteins. For CD8+ T cells in particular, patient-specific immune recognition and responses at the level of individual tumor antigens are rarely characterized. Because of this, some immunologists have turned to serum antibodies as an alternative measure of antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity. In this work, we sought to simultaneously interrogate serum IgG and CD8+ T cell recognition of individual tumor antigens to determine whether antigen-specific serum IgG antibodies provide a window into the behavior of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Using antibody-based assays to evaluate immune response repertoires and focus T cell antigen exploration could afford substantial advantages for discovering and monitoring the anti-cancer immune responses of patients enrolled on clinical trials. Methods We vaccinated female BALB/c mice with a novel combination of an autophagosome-enriched vaccine derived from 4T1 mammary carcinoma along with poly-I:C adjuvant, then screened serum for IgG binding to arrays of 15mer peptides containing known mutation sites in 4T1. Simultaneously, we primed CD8+ T cell cultures from these same animals with 8-11mer peptides derived from these antigens. These primed T cells were then stimulated to measure recognition of the peptides or live 4T1 cells by IFNγ release. Results Vaccinated animals demonstrate increases in antigen-specific CD8+ T cell recognition of 4T1 tumor cells and peptides. For proteins confirmed in 4T1 cells and vaccine by mass spectrometry, there is a correlation between this increased CD8+ T cell IFNγ release and serum IgG binding to individual peptide antigens. Conclusions These results suggest it is possible to observe some features of a patient’s antigen-specific T cell repertoire via an antibody surrogate, which has implications for tumor antigen discovery and clinical monitoring of antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-018-0331-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W Hulett
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Cancer Institute, 2N56 North Pavilion, 4805 NE Glisan St., Portland, OR, 97213, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Shawn M Jensen
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Cancer Institute, 2N56 North Pavilion, 4805 NE Glisan St., Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Ashok P Reddy
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Carmen Ballesteros-Merino
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Cancer Institute, 2N56 North Pavilion, 4805 NE Glisan St., Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Michael E Afentoulis
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Cancer Institute, 2N56 North Pavilion, 4805 NE Glisan St., Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Christopher Dubay
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Cancer Institute, 2N56 North Pavilion, 4805 NE Glisan St., Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Larry L David
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Cancer Institute, 2N56 North Pavilion, 4805 NE Glisan St., Portland, OR, 97213, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA.
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32
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Pandey MK, Grabowski GA, Köhl J. An unexpected player in Gaucher disease: The multiple roles of complement in disease development. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:30-42. [PMID: 29478824 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is well appreciated for its role as an important effector of innate immunity that is activated by the classical, lectin or alternative pathway. C5a is one important mediator of the system that is generated in response to canonical and non-canonical C5 cleavage by circulating or cell-derived proteases. In addition to its function as a chemoattractant for neutrophils and other myeloid effectors, C5a and its sister molecule C3a have concerted roles in cell homeostasis and surveillance. Through activation of their cognate G protein coupled receptors, C3a and C5a regulate multiple intracellular pathways within the mitochondria and the lysosomal compartments that harbor multiple enzymes critical for protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Genetic mutations of such lysosomal enzymes or their receptors can result in the compartmental accumulation of specific classes of substrates in this organelle summarized as lysosomal storage diseases (LSD). A frequent LSD is Gaucher disease (GD), caused by autosomal recessively inherited mutations in GBA1, resulting in functional defects of the encoded enzyme, acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase, GCase). Such mutations promote excessive accumulation of β-glucosylceramide (GC or GL1) in innate and adaptive immune cells frequently associated with chronic inflammation. Recently, we uncovered an unexpected link between the C5a and C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) axis and the accumulation of GL1 in experimental and clinical GD. Here, we will review the pathways of complement activation in GD, its role as a mediator of the inflammatory response, and its impact on glucosphingolipid metabolism. Further, we will discuss the potential role of the C5a/C5aR1 axis in GL1-specific autoantibody formation and as a novel therapeutic target in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; The Department of Pediatrics of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Gregory A Grabowski
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; The Department of Pediatrics of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; The Department of Pediatrics of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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33
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Kaplon H, Dieu-Nosjean MC. Quel avenir pour les lymphocytes B infiltrant les tumeurs solides. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34:72-78. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20183401016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Le rôle des lymphocytes B (LB) dans l’immuno-surveillance des tumeurs a longtemps été négligé car il a été souvent considéré comme peu efficace, voire pro-tumoral. Des études approfondies du microenvironnement immunitaire, notamment dans les cancers humains, ont permis de préciser la nature des interactions entre le LB et ses partenaires cellulaires. Cette revue examine un certain nombre de paramètres qui dictent le devenir du LB vers une fonction pro-ou anti-tumorale. Ainsi, la capacité à élaborer une immunité antitumorale qui repose sur les lymphocytes B, et/ ou des anticorps qu’ils sécrètent, fait appel à une palette très variée de mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires dont certains pourraient représenter de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques en oncologie.
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34
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Combination of mAb-AR20.5, anti-PD-L1 and PolyICLC inhibits tumor progression and prolongs survival of MUC1.Tg mice challenged with pancreatic tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 67:445-457. [PMID: 29204701 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence suggests the existence of MUC1-specific antibodies and cytotoxic T cell activities in pancreatic cancer patients. However, tumor-induced immunosuppression renders these responses ineffective. The current study explores a novel therapeutic combination wherein tumor-bearing hosts can be immunologically primed with their own antigen, through opsonization with a tumor antigen-targeted antibody, mAb-AR20.5. We evaluated the efficacy of immunization with this antibody in combination with PolyICLC and anti-PD-L1. The therapeutic combination of mAb-AR20.5 + anti-PD-L1 + PolyICLC induced rejection of human MUC1 expressing tumors and provided a long-lasting, MUC1-specific cellular immune response, which could be adoptively transferred and shown to provide protection against tumor challenge in human MUC1 transgenic (MUC.Tg) mice. Furthermore, antibody depletion studies revealed that CD8 cells were effectors for the MUC1-specific immune response generated by the mAb-AR20.5 + anti-PD-L1 + PolyICLC combination. Multichromatic flow cytometry data analysis demonstrated a significant increase over time in circulating, activated CD8 T cells, CD3+CD4-CD8-(DN) T cells, and mature dendritic cells in mAb-AR20.5 + anti-PD-L1 + PolyICLC combination-treated, tumor-bearing mice, as compared to saline-treated control counterparts. Our study provides a proof of principle that an effective and long-lasting anti-tumor cellular immunity can be achieved in pancreatic tumor-bearing hosts against their own antigen (MUC1), which can be further potentiated using a vaccine adjuvant and an immune checkpoint inhibitor.
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35
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Gall VA, Philips AV, Qiao N, Clise-Dwyer K, Perakis AA, Zhang M, Clifton GT, Sukhumalchandra P, Ma Q, Reddy SM, Yu D, Molldrem JJ, Peoples GE, Alatrash G, Mittendorf EA. Trastuzumab Increases HER2 Uptake and Cross-Presentation by Dendritic Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5374-5383. [PMID: 28819024 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Early-phase clinical trials evaluating CD8+ T cell-eliciting, HER2-derived peptide vaccines administered to HER2+ breast cancer patients in the adjuvant setting suggest synergy between the vaccines and trastuzumab, the mAb targeting the HER2 protein. Among 60 patients enrolled in clinical trials evaluating the E75 + GM-CSF and GP2 + GM-CSF vaccines, there have been no recurrences in patients vaccinated after receiving trastuzumab as part of standard therapy in the per treatment analyses conducted after a median follow-up of greater than 34 months. Here, we describe a mechanism by which this synergy may occur. Flow cytometry showed that trastuzumab facilitated uptake of HER2 by dendritic cells (DC), which was mediated by the Fc receptor and was specific to trastuzumab. In vitro, increased HER2 uptake by DC increased cross-presentation of E75, the immunodominant epitope derived from the HER2 protein, an observation confirmed in two in vivo mouse models. This increased E75 cross-presentation, mediated by trastuzumab treatment, enabled more efficient expansion of E75-specific cytotoxic T cells (E75-CTL). These results demonstrate a mechanism by which trastuzumab links innate and adaptive immunity by facilitating activation of antigen-specific T cells. On the basis of these data, we conclude that HER2-positive breast cancer patients that have been treated with trastuzumab may experience a more robust antitumor immune response by restimulation of T cells with the E75 peptide vaccine, thereby accounting for the improved disease-free survival observed with combination therapy. Cancer Res; 77(19); 5374-83. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Gall
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anne V Philips
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Na Qiao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen Clise-Dwyer
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexander A Perakis
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guy T Clifton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pariya Sukhumalchandra
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sangeetha M Reddy
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey J Molldrem
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Gheath Alatrash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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36
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Teillaud JL, Dieu-Nosjean MC. Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: An Anti-tumor School for Adaptive Immune Cells and an Antibody Factory to Fight Cancer? Front Immunol 2017; 8:830. [PMID: 28785261 PMCID: PMC5519532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) present in human solid tumors are essential for the shaping of a favorable immune micro-environment to control tumor development in most cases. They represent a formidable school for T-cell priming, B cell activation, and differentiation into plasma cells and an exquisitely located factory for antibody production. The manipulation of TLS neogenesis and maintenance represents, therefore, an exciting task to set up efficient anti-cancer vaccine strategies leading to long-lasting anti-tumor adaptive responses. To achieve this goal, a number of important issues are still pending. How TLS-T and -B cells and antibodies locally produced are related to the improved survival of cancer patients with high density of TLS is still unclear. In addition, the mechanisms by which tumors escape the immune surveillance exerted by TLS are still poorly understood and the role of immune suppressive cytokines, regulatory T cells, and/or antibodies in this process remains to be explored. The identification of the key parameters that distinguish TLS with anti- or possible pro-tumor activity is also essential to make the therapeutic targeting of TLS a success. Finally, how TLS-based therapeutic approaches can be associated with targeted therapies or immunointerventions, such as the use of ICP blockers to improve anti-tumor responses, is an open question. We will discuss these different issues in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Teillaud
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris 06, Sorbonne University, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris 06, Sorbonne University, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
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37
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Tharinger H, Rebbapragada I, Samuel D, Novikov N, Nguyen MH, Jordan R, Frey CR, Pflanz S. Antibody-dependent and antibody-independent uptake of HBsAg across human leucocyte subsets is similar between individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and healthy donors. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:506-513. [PMID: 28012213 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining detectable levels of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum after HBsAg sero-conversion is the key clinical endpoint indicative of recovery from infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). As HBV-infected hepatocytes secrete HBsAg subviral particles in vast excess over HBV virions, detectable hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titres imply complete elimination of HBV virions as well as HBsAg particles. Although intrahepatic phagocytes, for example Kupffer cells, are thought to mediate clearance of HBsAg via antibody (Ab)-dependent and Ab-independent mechanisms, the relative contributions of circulating phagocytic cell types to HBsAg elimination are poorly characterized. Understanding the role of various immune cell subsets in the clearance of HBsAg is important because Ab-dependent or Ab-independent phagocytic HBsAg uptake may modulate presentation of HBsAg-derived epitopes to antigen-specific T cells and hence plays a critical role in adaptive immunity against HBV. This study aims to characterize phagocytic leucocyte subsets capable of internalizing HBsAg immune complexes (HBsAg:IC) or un-complexed HBsAg particles in whole blood directly ex vivo. The data show that uptake of HBsAg:IC occurs most prominently in monocytes, B cells, dendritic cells and in neutrophils. In contrast, B cells, and to a lesser degree also monocytes, seem to be effective phagocytes for un-complexed HBsAg. Importantly, a similar pattern of phagocytic HBsAg uptake was observed in blood from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting that phagocytosis-related cellular functions are not altered in the context of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tharinger
- Department of Immunology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - I Rebbapragada
- Department of Immunology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - D Samuel
- Biology Core Support, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - N Novikov
- Biology Core Support, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - M H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - R Jordan
- Discovery Virology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - C R Frey
- Department of Immunology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - S Pflanz
- Department of Immunology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
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38
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Concha-Benavente F, Ferris RL. Reversing EGFR Mediated Immunoescape by Targeted Monoclonal Antibody Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:332. [PMID: 28611673 PMCID: PMC5447743 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled growth is a signature of carcinogenesis, in part mediated by overexpression or overstimulation of growth factor receptors. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mediates activation of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways and escape from recognition by the host immune system. We discuss how EGFR signaling downregulates tumor antigen presentation, upregulates suppressive checkpoint receptor ligand programmed death ligand (PD-L1), induces secretion of inhibitory molecules such as transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and reprograms the metabolic pathways in cancer cells to upregulate aerobic glycolysis and lactate secretion that ultimately lead to impaired cellular immunity mediated by natural killer (NK) cell and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Ultimately, our understanding of EGFR-mediated escape mechanisms has led us to design EGFR-specific monoclonal antibody therapies that not only inhibit tumor cell metabolic changes and intrinsic oncogenic signaling but also activates immune cells that mediate tumor clearance. Importantly, targeted immunotherapy may also benefit from combination with antibodies that target other immunosuppressive pathways such PD-L1 or TGFβ and ultimately enhance clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Concha-Benavente
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, United States.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer InstitutePittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, United States.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer InstitutePittsburgh, PA, United States
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Lehmann CHK, Baranska A, Heidkamp GF, Heger L, Neubert K, Lühr JJ, Hoffmann A, Reimer KC, Brückner C, Beck S, Seeling M, Kießling M, Soulat D, Krug AB, Ravetch JV, Leusen JHW, Nimmerjahn F, Dudziak D. DC subset-specific induction of T cell responses upon antigen uptake via Fcγ receptors in vivo. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1509-1528. [PMID: 28389502 PMCID: PMC5413326 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lehmann et al. targeted antigens to Fcγ receptors expressed on various antigen-presenting cells. Induced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were solely dependent on CD11b+ and CD8+ DC subsets, respectively, but independent of receptor intrinsic ITAM or ITIM signaling domains. Dendritic cells (DCs) are efficient antigen-presenting cells equipped with various cell surface receptors for the direct or indirect recognition of pathogenic microorganisms. Interestingly, not much is known about the specific expression pattern and function of the individual activating and inhibitory Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on splenic DC subsets in vivo and how they contribute to the initiation of T cell responses. By targeting antigens to select activating and the inhibitory FcγR in vivo, we show that antigen uptake under steady-state conditions results in a short-term expansion of antigen-specific T cells, whereas under inflammatory conditions especially, the activating FcγRIV is able to induce superior CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Of note, this effect was independent of FcγR intrinsic activating signaling pathways. Moreover, despite the expression of FcγRIV on both conventional splenic DC subsets, the induction of CD8+ T cell responses was largely dependent on CD11c+CD8+ DCs, whereas CD11c+CD8− DCs were critical for priming CD4+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Baranska
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13288 Marseille-Luminy, France
| | - Gordon F Heidkamp
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Neubert
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer J Lühr
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alana Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina C Reimer
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christin Brückner
- Department of Biology, Chair of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Beck
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michaela Seeling
- Department of Biology, Chair of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melissa Kießling
- Department of Biology, Chair of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Didier Soulat
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne B Krug
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jeffrey V Ravetch
- Leonard Wagner Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, Chair of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany .,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany .,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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40
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Clifton GT, Litton JK, Arrington K, Ponniah S, Ibrahim NK, Gall V, Alatrash G, Peoples GE, Mittendorf EA. Results of a Phase Ib Trial of Combination Immunotherapy with a CD8+ T Cell Eliciting Vaccine and Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer Patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:2161-2167. [PMID: 28315060 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-5844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD8+ T cell-eliciting vaccines are being investigated in breast cancer patients. Preclinical data showed that trastuzumab increases the susceptibility of tumor cells to lysis by vaccine-generated CD8+ T cells, suggesting potential benefit of a combination immunotherapy strategy. The current trial was undertaken to demonstrate the safety of this approach. METHODS This study was designed as a dose-escalation trial enrolling clinically disease-free, human leukocyte antigen A2+ or A3+ , human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer patients. Patients received 6-monthly inoculations of GP2+ granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) administered concurrently with standard-of-care trastuzumab. Local and systemic toxicity, as well as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were monitored. Immunologic responses were assessed in vivo by measuring the local reaction and in vitro using an interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay. RESULTS Seventeen disease-free breast cancer patients were vaccinated. There were no dose-limiting or grade 3-5 local or systemic toxicities, and the median LVEF was unchanged from baseline after vaccination. Mean local reaction at initial inoculation was 28 ± 10 mm, increasing to 68 ± 8 mm at the final inoculation (p < 0.01). Mean ELISPOT response to GP2 increased from 47 ± 19 at baseline to 144 ± 60 (p = 0.13) after vaccination. Based on safety and immunologic data, the appropriate dose was determined to be 1000 μg of GP2 + 250 μg of GM-CSF. CONCLUSION The GP2 + GM-CSF vaccine is safe and stimulates an immunologic response when administered concurrently with trastuzumab. An ongoing phase II trial is evaluating the efficacy of combining a CD8 T-cell-eliciting vaccine with trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Travis Clifton
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer K Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sathibalan Ponniah
- Cancer Vaccine Development Laboratory, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nuhad K Ibrahim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Victor Gall
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gheath Alatrash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George E Peoples
- Cancer Vaccine Development Program, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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41
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Chang TZ, Diambou I, Kim JR, Wang B, Champion JA. Host- and pathogen-derived adjuvant coatings on protein nanoparticle vaccines. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:120-130. [PMID: 28516165 PMCID: PMC5412930 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticulate and molecular adjuvants have shown great efficacy in enhancing immune responses, and the immunogenic vaccines of the future will most likely contain both. To investigate the immunostimulatory effects of molecular adjuvants on nanoparticle vaccines, we have designed ovalbumin (OVA) protein nanoparticles coated with two different adjuvants-flagellin (FliC) and immunoglobulin M (IgM). These proteins, derived from Salmonella and mice, respectively, are representatives of pathogen- and host-derived molecules that can enhance immune responses. FliC-coated OVA nanoparticles, soluble FliC (sFliC) admixed with OVA nanoparticles, IgM-coated nanoparticles, and OVA-coated nanoparticles were assessed for immunogenicity in an in vivo mouse immunization study. IgM coatings on nanoparticles significantly enhanced both antibody and T cell responses, and promoted IgG2a class switching but not affinity maturation. FliC-coated nanoparticles and FliC-admixed with nanoparticles both triggered IgG2a class switching, but only FliC-coated nanoparticles enhanced antibody affinity maturation. Our findings that affinity maturation and class switching can be directed independently of one another suggest that adjuvant coatings on nanoparticles can be tailored to generate specific vaccine effector responses against different classes of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Z. Chang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332
| | - Ishatou Diambou
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332
| | - Jong Rok Kim
- Institute for Biomedical SciencesGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA 30332
| | - Baozhong Wang
- Institute for Biomedical SciencesGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA 30332
| | - Julie A. Champion
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332
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42
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Barnhart BC, Quigley M. Role of Fc-FcγR interactions in the antitumor activity of therapeutic antibodies. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 95:340-346. [PMID: 27974746 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of antibody therapy for cancer has steadily increased in recent years and has become standard treatment for numerous tumor types. It is now appreciated that the clinical activity of these antibodies relies upon their specific interactions with Fc receptors in addition to the well-studied target-binding region. The interactions mediated by antibody Fc domains can strongly affect the functional outcome of antibody therapy. The Fc portion of an antibody defines its interaction with numerous immune cells and has become an intense area of research as selecting the optimal Fc can greatly enhance the activity as well as mechanism of action of therapeutic antibodies. Recent advances in antibody engineering have enabled the development of antibodies that have altered Fc receptor interactions to take advantage of these findings. Engineering the Fc can fulfill diverse functions such as enhancing effector function for killing of tumor cells or depletion of unwanted immune subsets, enhancing agonist receptor signaling on particular immune cells or eliminating interaction with Fc receptors to avoid cellular depletion or toxicity in normal tissues. This review highlights important data and studies examining the role of Fc-Fc receptor interactions in therapeutic antibodies with a considerations for the future of engineered antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Quigley
- Immuno-Oncology Discovery Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
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43
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Eradication of large established tumors in mice by combination immunotherapy that engages innate and adaptive immune responses. Nat Med 2016; 22:1402-1410. [PMID: 27775706 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade with antibodies specific for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 or programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1; also known as PD-1) elicits durable tumor regression in metastatic cancer, but these dramatic responses are confined to a minority of patients. This suboptimal outcome is probably due in part to the complex network of immunosuppressive pathways present in advanced tumors, which are unlikely to be overcome by intervention at a single signaling checkpoint. Here we describe a combination immunotherapy that recruits a variety of innate and adaptive immune cells to eliminate large tumor burdens in syngeneic tumor models and a genetically engineered mouse model of melanoma; to our knowledge tumors of this size have not previously been curable by treatments relying on endogenous immunity. Maximal antitumor efficacy required four components: a tumor-antigen-targeting antibody, a recombinant interleukin-2 with an extended half-life, anti-PD-1 and a powerful T cell vaccine. Depletion experiments revealed that CD8+ T cells, cross-presenting dendritic cells and several other innate immune cell subsets were required for tumor regression. Effective treatment induced infiltration of immune cells and production of inflammatory cytokines in the tumor, enhanced antibody-mediated tumor antigen uptake and promoted antigen spreading. These results demonstrate the capacity of an elicited endogenous immune response to destroy large, established tumors and elucidate essential characteristics of combination immunotherapies that are capable of curing a majority of tumors in experimental settings typically viewed as intractable.
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44
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Wen YM, Mu L, Shi Y. Immunoregulatory functions of immune complexes in vaccine and therapy. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1120-1133. [PMID: 27572622 PMCID: PMC5048363 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental preparations of IgG/soluble antigen complexes, as well as those formed following antibody therapy in vivo, are multifaceted immune regulators. These immune complexes (ICs) have been tested in humans and animal models, mostly in forms of experimental or clinical vaccination, for at least a century. With intensified research on Fcγ receptor-mediated immune modulation, as well as with immune complex-directed antigen processing, presentation, and inflammatory responses, there are renewed interests of using ICs in vaccines and immunotherapies. Currently, IC-based immune therapy has been broadly experimented in HBV and HIV viral infection control and antitumor treatments. However, mechanistic insights of IC-based treatments are relatively recent subjects of study; strong efforts are needed to establish links to connect laboratory findings with clinical practices. This review covers the history, mechanisms, and in vivo outcomes of this safe and effective therapeutic tool, with a clear aim to bridge laboratory findings with evolving clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Virology, MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Libing Mu
- Center for Life Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Immunology Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Center for Life Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Immunology Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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45
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Michelle Xu M, Pu Y, Weichselbaum RR, Fu YX. Integrating conventional and antibody-based targeted anticancer treatment into immunotherapy. Oncogene 2016; 36:585-592. [PMID: 27425593 PMCID: PMC5243926 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In advanced cancer, current conventional therapies or immunotherapies cannot eradicate all tumor cells for most patients. Integration of these two treatments for synergistic effects could eradicate more tumor cells and increase overall survival rates. But proper integration is a challenge, partly due to a poor understanding of the impact of conventional treatment on immune responses. Intensive chemo/radiotherapy may impair ongoing immune responses whilst lower intensity of therapy might not kill enough tumor cells, both leading to tumor relapse. Current understanding of mechanisms of resistance to conventional and targeted cancer therapies has focused on cell intrinsic pathways that trigger DNA damage/repair or signaling pathways related to cell growth. Recent reports show that host T cells properly primed against tumor specific antigens after conventional treatment can integrate with direct cytotoxic effects induced by radiation or chemotherapy to profoundly control tumors. Following cytotoxic anticancer treatment, tumor derived DAMPs (damage-associated molecular patterns) can be sensed by innate cells which drives type I interferon (IFNs production) for cross priming of CD8+ T cells. Some types and protocols of chemotherapy or radiation can increase tumor infiltrating lymphocytes that overcome resistance to immunotherapy. As such, a deeper understanding to the immune mechanisms of conventional and targeted cancer therapies will lead toward novel combinatorial anticancer strategies with improved clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michelle Xu
- Department of Pathology and Radiation Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Y Pu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - R R Weichselbaum
- Department of Pathology and Radiation Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Y-X Fu
- Department of Pathology and Radiation Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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46
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Santos Souza HF, da Silva Almeida B, Boscardin SB. Early dengue virus interactions: the role of dendritic cells during infection. Virus Res 2016; 223:88-98. [PMID: 27381061 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is an acute infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) that affects approximately 400 million people annually, being the most prevalent human arthropod-borne disease. DENV infection causes a wide variety of clinical manifestations that range from asymptomatic to dengue fever, and in some cases may evolve to the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The exact reasons why some patients do not have symptoms while others develop the severe forms of disease are still elusive, but gathered evidence showed correlation between a secondary infection with a heterologous DENV serotype and the occurrence of severe symptoms. Despite several advances, the mechanisms of DENV infection are still not completely elucidated, and efforts have been made to understand the development of immunity and/or pathology to DENV. When a mosquito transmits DENV, the virus is initially deposited in the skin, where mononuclear phagocytic cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), become infected. DCs play a critical role in the induction of immune responses, as they are able to rapidly detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns, endocytose and process antigens, and efficiently activate naïve-T and B cells. Recent findings have shown that DCs serve as DENV targets, but they are also important mediators of immunity against the virus. In this review, we will briefly discuss DENV infection pathogenesis, and introduce DCs as central players in the induction of anti-DENV immune responses. Then, we will review in more detail how DENV interacts with and is sensed by DCs, with particular emphasis in two classes of receptors implicated in viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Higo Fernando Santos Souza
- Laboratory of Antigen Targeting Dendritic Cells, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca da Silva Almeida
- Laboratory of Antigen Targeting Dendritic Cells, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Beatriz Boscardin
- Laboratory of Antigen Targeting Dendritic Cells, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Vaccines, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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47
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Morris ZS, Guy EI, Francis DM, Gressett MM, Werner LR, Carmichael LL, Yang RK, Armstrong EA, Huang S, Navid F, Gillies SD, Korman A, Hank JA, Rakhmilevich AL, Harari PM, Sondel PM. In Situ Tumor Vaccination by Combining Local Radiation and Tumor-Specific Antibody or Immunocytokine Treatments. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3929-41. [PMID: 27197149 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Interest in combining radiotherapy and immune checkpoint therapy is growing rapidly. In this study, we explored a novel combination of this type to augment antitumor immune responses in preclinical murine models of melanoma, neuroblastoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cooperative effects were observed with local radiotherapy and intratumoral injection of tumor-specific antibodies, arising in part from enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). We could improve this response by combining radiation with intratumoral injection of an IL2-linked tumor-specific antibody (termed here an immunocytokine), resulting in complete regression of established tumors in most animals associated with a tumor-specific memory T-cell response. Given the T-cell response elicited by combined local radiation and intratumoral immunocytokine, we tested the potential benefit of adding this treatment to immune checkpoint blockade. In mice bearing large primary tumors or disseminated metastases, the triple-combination of intratumoral immunocytokine, radiation, and systemic anti-CTLA-4 improved primary tumor response and animal survival compared with combinations of any two of these three interventions. Taken together, our results show how combining radiation and intratumoral immunocytokine in murine tumor models can eradicate large tumors and metastases, eliciting an in situ vaccination effect that can be leveraged further by T-cell checkpoint blockade, with immediate implications for clinical evaluation. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3929-41. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Emily I Guy
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David M Francis
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Monica M Gressett
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lauryn R Werner
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lakeesha L Carmichael
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Richard K Yang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eric A Armstrong
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shyhmin Huang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Fariba Navid
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Jacquelyn A Hank
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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48
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Badamchi-Zadeh A, McKay PF, Korber BT, Barinaga G, Walters AA, Nunes A, Gomes JP, Follmann F, Tregoning JS, Shattock RJ. A Multi-Component Prime-Boost Vaccination Regimen with a Consensus MOMP Antigen Enhances Chlamydia trachomatis Clearance. Front Immunol 2016; 7:162. [PMID: 27199987 PMCID: PMC4848310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vaccine for Chlamydia trachomatis is of urgent medical need. We explored bioinformatic approaches to generate an immunogen against C. trachomatis that would induce cross-serovar T-cell responses as (i) CD4(+) T cells have been shown in animal models and human studies to be important in chlamydial protection and (ii) antibody responses may be restrictive and serovar specific. METHODS A consensus antigen based on over 1,500 major outer membrane protein (MOMP) sequences provided high epitope coverage against the most prevalent C. trachomatis strains in silico. Having designed the T-cell immunogen, we assessed it for immunogenicity in prime-boost regimens. This consensus MOMP transgene was delivered using plasmid DNA, Human Adenovirus 5 (HuAd5) or modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vectors with or without MF59(®) adjuvanted recombinant MOMP protein. RESULTS Different regimens induced distinct immune profiles. The DNA-HuAd5-MVA-Protein vaccine regimen induced a cellular response with a Th1-biased serum antibody response, alongside high serum and vaginal MOMP-specific antibodies. This regimen significantly enhanced clearance against intravaginal C. trachomatis serovar D infection in both BALB/c and B6C3F1 mouse strains. This enhanced clearance was shown to be CD4(+) T-cell dependent. Future studies will need to confirm the specificity and precise mechanisms of protection. CONCLUSION A C. trachomatis vaccine needs to induce a robust cellular response with broad cross-serovar coverage and a heterologous prime-boost regimen may be an approach to achieve this.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul F McKay
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Bette T Korber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division , Los Alamos, NM , USA
| | - Guillermo Barinaga
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Adam A Walters
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Alexandra Nunes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Frank Follmann
- Chlamydia Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - John S Tregoning
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Imperial College London , London , UK
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49
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Xu MM, Pu Y, Zhang Y, Fu YX. The Role of Adaptive Immunity in the Efficacy of Targeted Cancer Therapies. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:141-153. [PMID: 26778079 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the efficacy of tumor-targeted therapies relies on the host immune response, including targeted small-molecule and antibody approaches that were not previously thought to have an immune component. Here, we review the current understanding of how targeted therapies on tumor cells could have a major impact on the immune response, and how this relates to the therapeutic efficacy of these approaches. In this context, we evaluate different strategies that combine targeted therapies with immunotherapy approaches, and discuss past and ongoing clinical trials. We highlight gaps in knowledge, and argue that significant progress for combined therapies will require a better understanding of the complex interactions between immune cells, the tumor, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) in different cancer settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Michelle Xu
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yang Pu
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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50
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Wang Y, Wang X, Ferrone CR, Schwab JH, Ferrone S. Intracellular antigens as targets for antibody based immunotherapy of malignant diseases. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1982-93. [PMID: 26597109 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the potential use of intracellular tumor antigens as targets of antibody-based immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors. In addition, it describes the characteristics of the intracellular tumor antigens targeted with antibodies which have been described in the literature and have been identified in the authors' laboratory. Finally, the mechanism underlying the trafficking of the intracellular tumor antigens to the plasma membrane of tumor cells are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
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