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Ricard-Blum S, Vivès RR, Schaefer L, Götte M, Merline R, Passi A, Heldin P, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Skandalis SS, Karamanos NK, Perez S, Nikitovic D. A biological guide to glycosaminoglycans: current perspectives and pending questions. FEBS J 2024; 291:3331-3366. [PMID: 38500384 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), except hyaluronan (HA), are sulfated polysaccharides that are covalently attached to core proteins to form proteoglycans (PGs). This article summarizes key biological findings for the most widespread GAGs, namely HA, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), keratan sulfate (KS), and heparan sulfate (HS). It focuses on the major processes that remain to be deciphered to get a comprehensive view of the mechanisms mediating GAG biological functions. They include the regulation of GAG biosynthesis and postsynthetic modifications in heparin (HP) and HS, the composition, heterogeneity, and function of the tetrasaccharide linkage region and its role in disease, the functional characterization of the new PGs recently identified by glycoproteomics, the selectivity of interactions mediated by GAG chains, the display of GAG chains and PGs at the cell surface and their impact on the availability and activity of soluble ligands, and on their move through the glycocalyx layer to reach their receptors, the human GAG profile in health and disease, the roles of GAGs and particular PGs (syndecans, decorin, and biglycan) involved in cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis, the possible use of GAGs and PGs as disease biomarkers, and the design of inhibitors targeting GAG biosynthetic enzymes and GAG-protein interactions to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR 5246 University Lyon 1 - CNRS, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | | | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Germany
| | - Rosetta Merline
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Serge Perez
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, France
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Mead TJ, Bhutada S, Foulcer SJ, Peruzzi N, Nelson CM, Seifert DE, Larkin J, Tran-Lundmark K, Filmus J, Apte SS. Combined genetic-pharmacologic inactivation of tightly linked ADAMTS proteases in temporally specific windows uncovers distinct roles for versican proteolysis and glypican-6 in cardiac development. Matrix Biol 2024; 131:1-16. [PMID: 38750698 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix remodeling mechanisms are understudied in cardiac development and congenital heart defects. We show that matrix-degrading metalloproteases ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5, are extensively co-expressed during mouse cardiac development. The mouse mutants of each gene have mild cardiac anomalies, however, their combined genetic inactivation to elicit cooperative roles is precluded by tight gene linkage. Therefore, we coupled Adamts1 inactivation with pharmacologic ADAMTS5 blockade to uncover stage-specific cooperative roles and investigated their potential substrates in mouse cardiac development. ADAMTS5 blockade was achieved in Adamts1 null mouse embryos using an activity-blocking monoclonal antibody during distinct developmental windows spanning myocardial compaction or cardiac septation and outflow tract rotation. Synchrotron imaging, RNA in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy were used to determine the impact on cardiac development and compared to Gpc6 and ADAMTS-cleavage resistant versican mutants. Mass spectrometry-based N-terminomics was used to seek relevant substrates. Combined inactivation of ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5 prior to 12.5 days of gestation led to dramatic accumulation of versican-rich cardiac jelly and inhibited formation of compact and trabecular myocardium, which was also observed in mice with ADAMTS cleavage-resistant versican. Combined inactivation after 12.5 days impaired outflow tract development and ventricular septal closure, generating a tetralogy of Fallot-like defect. N-terminomics of combined ADAMTS knockout and control hearts identified a cleaved glypican-6 peptide only in the controls. ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5 expression in cells was associated with specific glypican-6 cleavages. Paradoxically, combined ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5 inactivation reduced cardiac glypican-6 and outflow tract Gpc6 transcription. Notably, Gpc6-/- hearts demonstrated similar rotational defects as combined ADAMTS inactivated hearts and both had reduced hedgehog signaling. Thus, versican proteolysis in cardiac jelly at the canonical Glu441-Ala442 site is cooperatively mediated by ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5 and required for proper ventricular cardiomyogenesis, whereas, reduced glypican-6 after combined ADAMTS inactivation impairs hedgehog signaling, leading to outflow tract malrotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Mead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Sumit Bhutada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Simon J Foulcer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Niccolò Peruzzi
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine Lund University and The Pediatric Heart Center, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Courtney M Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Deborah E Seifert
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Karin Tran-Lundmark
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine Lund University and The Pediatric Heart Center, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jorge Filmus
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Abe M, Masuda M, Mizukami Y, Inoue S, Mizutani Y. Epidermal keratinocytes regulate hyaluronan metabolism via extracellularly secreted hyaluronidase 1 and hyaluronan synthase 3. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107449. [PMID: 38844132 PMCID: PMC11292368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a high-molecular-weight (HMW) glycosaminoglycan, which is a fundamental component of the extracellular matrix that is involved in a variety of biological processes. We previously showed that the HYBID/KIAA1199/CEMIP axis plays a key role in the depolymerization of HMW-HA in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). However, its roles in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) remained unclear. HYBID mRNA expression in NHEKs was lower than that in NHDFs, and NHEKs showed no depolymerization of extracellular HMW-HA in culture, indicating that HYBID does not contribute to extracellular HA degradation. In this study, we found that the cell-free conditioned medium of NHEKs degraded HMW-HA under weakly acidic conditions (pH 4.8). This degrading activity was abolished by hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1) knockdown but not by HYAL2 knockdown. Newly synthesized HYAL1 was mainly secreted extracellularly, and the secretion of HYAL1 was increased during differentiation, suggesting that epidermal interspace HA is physiologically degraded by HYAL1 according to pH decrease during stratum corneum formation. In HA synthesis, hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3) knockdown reduced HA production by NHEKs, and interferon-γ-dependent HA synthesis was correlated with increased HAS3 expression. Furthermore, HA production was increased by TMEM2 knockdown through enhanced HAS3 expression. These results indicate that NHEKs regulate HA metabolism via HYAL1 and HAS3, and TMEM2 is a regulator of HAS3-dependent HA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Abe
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Manami Masuda
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoichi Mizukami
- Institute of Gene Research, Yamaguchi University Science Research Center, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shintaro Inoue
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Mizutani
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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He S, Li H, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Li W, Dai C, Li B, Cheng J, Wu S, Zhou Z, Yang J, Li S. Berberine alleviates inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome by inhibiting hyaluronan synthase 2 expression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155456. [PMID: 38537446 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous metabolic and endocrine disorder that causes anovulatory infertility and abnormal folliculogenesis in women of reproductive age. Several studies have revealed inflammation in PCOS follicles, and recent evidence suggests that Berberine (BBR) effectively reduces inflammatory responses in PCOS, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. PURPOSE To determine the underlying mechanisms by which BBR alleviates inflammation in PCOS. STUDY DESIGN Primary human GCs from healthy women and women with PCOS, and KGN cells were used for in vitro studies. ICR mice were used for in vivo studies. METHODS Gene expression was measured using RT-qPCR. HAS2, inflammatory cytokines, and serum hormones were assayed by ELISA. Protein expression profiles were assayed by Western blot. Chronic low-grade inflammatory mouse models were developed by intraperitoneal injection with LPS, and PCOS mouse models were established by subcutaneous intraperitoneal injection of DHEA. BBR and 4-MU were administered by gavage. Ovarian morphologic changes were evaluated using H&E staining. HAS2 expression in the ovary was assayed using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our results confirmed that HAS2 expression and hyaluronan (HA) accumulation are closely associated with inflammatory responses in PCOS. Data obtained from in vitro studies showed that HAS2 and inflammatory genes (e.g., MCP-1, IL-1β, and IL-6) are significantly upregulated in PCOS samples and LPS-induced KGN cells compared to their control groups. In addition, these effects were reversed by blocking HAS2 expression or HA synthesis using BBR or 4-MU, respectively. Furthermore, HAS2 overexpression induces the expression of inflammatory genes in PCOS. These results were further confirmed in LPS- and DHEA-induced mouse models, where inflammatory genes were reduced by BBR or 4-MU, and ovarian morphology was restored. CONCLUSIONS Our results define previously unknown links between HAS2 and chronic low-grade inflammation in the follicles of women with PCOS. BBR exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating HAS2. This study provides a novel therapeutic target for alleviating ovarian inflammation in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing He
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qianjie Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Weimin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wei Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chaohui Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Bixia Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinhua Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhongming Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Saijiao Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Jang J, Bentsen M, Kim YJ, Kim E, Garg V, Cai CL, Looso M, Li D. Endocardial HDAC3 is required for myocardial trabeculation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4166. [PMID: 38755146 PMCID: PMC11099086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Failure of proper ventricular trabeculation is often associated with congenital heart disease. Support from endocardial cells, including the secretion of extracellular matrix and growth factors is critical for trabeculation. However, it is poorly understood how the secretion of extracellular matrix and growth factors is initiated and regulated by endocardial cells. We find that genetic knockout of histone deacetylase 3 in the endocardium in mice results in early embryo lethality and ventricular hypotrabeculation. Single cell RNA sequencing identifies significant downregulation of extracellular matrix components in histone deacetylase 3 knockout endocardial cells. Secretome from cultured histone deacetylase 3 knockout mouse cardiac endothelial cells lacks transforming growth factor ß3 and shows significantly reduced capacity in stimulating cultured cardiomyocyte proliferation, which is remarkably rescued by transforming growth factor ß3 supplementation. Mechanistically, we identify that histone deacetylase 3 knockout induces transforming growth factor ß3 expression through repressing microRNA-129-5p. Our findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease and conceptual strategies to promote myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Jang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Mette Bentsen
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ye Jun Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Erick Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46201, USA
| | - Mario Looso
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Deqiang Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA.
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Jang J, Accornero F, Li D. Epigenetic determinants and non-myocardial signaling pathways contributing to heart growth and regeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 257:108638. [PMID: 38548089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect worldwide. Defective cardiac myogenesis is either a major presentation or associated with many types of congenital heart disease. Non-myocardial tissues, including endocardium and epicardium, function as a supporting hub for myocardial growth and maturation during heart development. Recent research findings suggest an emerging role of epigenetics in nonmyocytes supporting myocardial development. Understanding how growth signaling pathways in non-myocardial tissues are regulated by epigenetic factors will likely identify new disease mechanisms for congenital heart diseases and shed lights for novel therapeutic strategies for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Jang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Deqiang Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
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7
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Lagunas-Rangel FA. Naked mole-rat hyaluronan. Biochimie 2024; 220:58-66. [PMID: 38158036 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Naked mole rats (NMRs) are renowned for their exceptional longevity and remarkable maintenance of health throughout their lifetime. Their subterranean lifestyle has led to adaptations that have resulted in elevated levels of a very high molecular weight hyaluronan in their tissues. Hyaluronan, a glycosaminoglycan, is a key component of the extracellular matrix, which plays a critical role in maintaining tissue structure and regulating cell signaling pathways. This phenomenon in NMRs is attributed to a higher processing and production capacity by some of their hyaluronan synthases, along with lower degradation by certain hyaluronidases. Furthermore, this adaptation indirectly confers several advantages to NMRs, such as the preservation of skin elasticity and youthful appearance, accelerated wound healing, protection against oxidative stress, and resistance to conditions such as cancer and arthritis, largely attributable to CD44 signaling and other intricate mechanisms. Thus, the main objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive study of the distinctive features of NMR hyaluronan, particularly emphasizing the currently known molecular mechanisms that contribute to its beneficial properties. Furthermore, this research delves into the potential applications of NMR hyaluronan in both cosmetic and therapeutic fields, as well as the challenges involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alejandro Lagunas-Rangel
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
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8
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Huang H, Hu X, Wu J, Song C, Tian Z, Jiang B. Hyaluronan degradation by HYAL2 is essential for odontoblastic differentiation and migration of mouse dental papilla cells. Matrix Biol 2024; 129:1-14. [PMID: 38490466 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The coordination between odontoblastic differentiation and directed cell migration of mesenchymal progenitors is necessary for regular dentin formation. The synthesis and degradation of hyaluronan (HA) in the extracellular matrix create a permissive niche that directly regulates cell behaviors. However, the role and mechanisms of HA degradation in dentin formation remain unknown. In this work, we present that HA digestion promotes odontoblastic differentiation and cell migration of mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs). Hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2) is responsible for promoting odontoblastic differentiation through degrading HA, while hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1) exhibits negligible effect. Silencing Hyal2 generates an extracellular environment rich in HA, which attenuates F-actin and filopodium formation and in turn inhibits cell migration of mDPCs. In addition, activating PI3K/Akt signaling significantly rescues the effects of HA accumulation on cytodifferentiation. Taken together, the results confirm the contribution of HYAL2 to HA degradation in dentinogenesis and uncover the mechanism of the HYAL2-mediated HA degradation in regulating the odontoblastic differentiation and migration of mDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixin Tian
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beizhan Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Jang J, Bentsen M, Kim YJ, Kim E, Garg V, Cai CL, Looso M, Li D. Endocardial HDAC3 is required for myocardial trabeculation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.04.12.536668. [PMID: 37886504 PMCID: PMC10602027 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.12.536668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trabeculation, a key process in early heart development, is the formation of myocardial trabecular meshwork. The failure of trabeculation often leads to embryonic lethality. Support from endocardial cells, including the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) and growth factors is critical for trabeculation; however, it is unknown how the secretion of ECM and growth factors is initiated and regulated by endocardial cells. METHODS Various cellular and mouse models in conjunction with biochemical and molecular tools were employed to study the role of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in the developing endocardium. RESULTS We found that genetic deletion of Hdac3 in endocardial cells in mice resulted in early embryo lethality presenting as a hypotrabeculation cardiac phenotype. Single cell RNA sequencing identified several ECM components including collagens that were significantly downregulated in Hdac3 knockout (KO) endocardial cells. When cultured with supernatant from Hdac3 KO mouse cardiac endothelial cells (MCECs), wild-type mouse embryonic cardiomyocytes showed decreased proliferation, suggesting that growth signaling from Hdac3 KO MCECs is disrupted. Subsequent transcriptomic analysis revealed that transforming growth factor β3 (TGFβ3) was significantly downregulated in Hdac3 KO MCECs and Hdac3 cardiac endothelial KO hearts. Mechanistically, we identified that microRNA (miR)-129-5p was significantly upregulated in Hdac3 KO MCECs and Hdac3 cardiac endothelial KO hearts. Overexpression of miR-129-5p repressed Tgfβ3 expression in wild-type MCECs, whereas knockdown of miR-129-5p restored Tgfβ3 expression in Hdac3 KO MCECs. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal a critical signaling pathway in which endocardial HDAC3 promotes trabecular myocardium growth by stimulating TGFβ signaling through repressing miR-129-5p, providing novel insights into the etiology of congenital heart disease and conceptual strategies to promote myocardial regeneration.
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Oshima K, Siddiqui N, Orfila JE, Carter D, Laing J, Han X, Zakharevich I, Iozzo RV, Ghasabyan A, Moore H, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Moore EE, Quillinan N, Schmidt EP, Herson PS, Hippensteel JA. A role for decorin in improving motor deficits after traumatic brain injury. Matrix Biol 2024; 125:88-99. [PMID: 38135163 PMCID: PMC10922985 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability due to injury worldwide. Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is known to significantly contribute to TBI pathophysiology. Glycosaminoglycans, which are long-chain, variably sulfated polysaccharides abundant within the ECM, have previously been shown to be substantially altered after TBI. In this study, we sought to delineate the dynamics of glycosaminoglycan alterations after TBI and discover the precise biologic processes responsible for observed glycosaminoglycan changes after injury. We performed state-of-the art mass spectrometry on brain tissues isolated from mice after TBI or craniotomy-alone. We observed dynamic changes in glycosaminoglycans at Day 1 and 7 post-TBI, with heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and hyaluronan remaining significantly increased after a week vis-à-vis craniotomy-alone tissues. We did not observe appreciable changes in circulating glycosaminoglycans in mice after experimental TBI compared to craniotomy-alone nor in patients with TBI and severe polytrauma compared to control patients with mild injuries, suggesting increases in injury site glycosaminoglycans are driven by local synthesis. We subsequently performed an unbiased whole genome transcriptomics analysis on mouse brain tissues 7 days post-TBI and discovered a significant induction of hyaluronan synthase 2, glypican-3, and decorin. The functional role of decorin after injury was further examined through multimodal behavioral testing comparing wild-type and Dcn-/- mice. We discovered that genetic ablation of Dcn led to an overall negative effect of TBI on function, exacerbating motor impairments after TBI. Collectively, our results provide a spatiotemporal characterization of post-TBI glycosaminoglycan alterations in the brain ECM and support an important adaptive role for decorin upregulation after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Oshima
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noah Siddiqui
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - James E Orfila
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Danelle Carter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Justin Laing
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA; Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Igor Zakharevich
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arsen Ghasabyan
- Department of Surgery, Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Hunter Moore
- Department of Surgery, Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Ernest E Moore
- Department of Surgery, Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric P Schmidt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph A Hippensteel
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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11
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Grilo LF, Zimmerman KD, Puppala S, Chan J, Huber HF, Li G, Jadhav AYL, Wang B, Li C, Clarke GD, Register TC, Oliveira PJ, Nathanielsz PW, Olivier M, Pereira SP, Cox LA. Cardiac Molecular Analysis Reveals Aging-Associated Metabolic Alterations Promoting Glycosaminoglycans Accumulation Via Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.17.567640. [PMID: 38014295 PMCID: PMC10680868 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.567640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Age is a prominent risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, and often leads to heart structural and functional changes. However, precise molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac remodeling and dysfunction resulting from physiological aging per se remain elusive. Understanding these mechanisms requires biological models with optimal translation to humans. Previous research demonstrated that baboons undergo age-related reduction in ejection fraction and increased heart sphericity, mirroring changes observed in humans. The goal of this study was to identify early cardiac molecular alterations that precede functional adaptations, shedding light on the regulation of age-associated changes. We performed unbiased transcriptomics of left ventricle (LV) samples from female baboons aged 7.5-22.1 years (human equivalent ~30-88 years). Weighted-gene correlation network and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to identify potential age-associated mechanisms in LV, with histological validation. Myocardial modules of transcripts negatively associated with age were primarily enriched for cardiac metabolism, including oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, and fatty-acid β-oxidation. Transcripts positively correlated with age suggest upregulation of glucose uptake, pentose phosphate pathway, and hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), indicating a metabolic shift towards glucose-dependent anabolic pathways. Upregulation of HBP commonly results in increased glycosaminoglycan precursor synthesis. Transcripts involved in glycosaminoglycan synthesis, modification, and intermediate metabolism were also upregulated in older animals, while glycosaminoglycan degradation transcripts were downregulated with age. These alterations would promote glycosaminoglycan accumulation, which was verified histologically. Upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM)-induced signaling pathways temporally coincided with glycosaminoglycan accumulation. We found a subsequent upregulation of cardiac hypertrophy-related pathways and an increase in cardiomyocyte width. Overall, our findings revealed a transcriptional shift in metabolism from catabolic to anabolic pathways that leads to ECM glycosaminoglycan accumulation through HBP prior to upregulation of transcripts of cardiac hypertrophy-related pathways. This study illuminates cellular mechanisms that precede development of cardiac hypertrophy, providing novel potential targets to remediate age-related cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís F. Grilo
- CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, PDBEB - Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kip D. Zimmerman
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sobha Puppala
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jeannie Chan
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hillary F. Huber
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Avinash Y. L. Jadhav
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Benlian Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cun Li
- Texas Pregnancy & Life-Course Health Research Center, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Geoffrey D. Clarke
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Thomas C. Register
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Texas Pregnancy & Life-Course Health Research Center, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Michael Olivier
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Susana P. Pereira
- CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura A. Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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12
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Liu Z, Hou P, Fang J, Shao C, Shi Y, Melino G, Peschiaroli A. Hyaluronic acid metabolism and chemotherapy resistance: recent advances and therapeutic potential. Mol Oncol 2023. [PMID: 37953485 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix, providing essential mechanical scaffolding for cells and, at the same time, mediating essential biochemical signals required for tissue homeostasis. Many solid tumors are characterized by dysregulated HA metabolism, resulting in increased HA levels in cancer tissues. HA interacts with several cell surface receptors, such as cluster of differentiation 44 and receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility, thus co-regulating important signaling pathways in cancer development and progression. In this review, we describe the enzymes controlling HA metabolism and its intracellular effectors emphasizing their impact on cancer chemotherapy resistance. We will also explore the current and future prospects of HA-based therapy, highlighting the opportunities and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhong Liu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Pengbo Hou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Jiankai Fang
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Peschiaroli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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13
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Lotto J, Cullum R, Drissler S, Arostegui M, Garside VC, Fuglerud BM, Clement-Ranney M, Thakur A, Underhill TM, Hoodless PA. Cell diversity and plasticity during atrioventricular heart valve EMTs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5567. [PMID: 37689753 PMCID: PMC10492828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) of both endocardium and epicardium guide atrioventricular heart valve formation, but the cellular complexity and small scale of this tissue have restricted analyses. To circumvent these issues, we analyzed over 50,000 murine single-cell transcriptomes from embryonic day (E)7.75 hearts to E12.5 atrioventricular canals. We delineate mesenchymal and endocardial bifurcation during endocardial EMT, identify a distinct, transdifferentiating epicardial population during epicardial EMT, and reveal the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity during both processes. In Sox9-deficient valves, we observe increased epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, indicating a role for SOX9 in promoting endothelial and mesenchymal cell fate decisions. Lastly, we deconvolve cell interactions guiding the initiation and progression of cardiac valve EMTs. Overall, these data reveal mechanisms of emergence of mesenchyme from endocardium or epicardium at single-cell resolution and will serve as an atlas of EMT initiation and progression with broad implications in regenerative medicine and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Lotto
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Sibyl Drissler
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Arostegui
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Victoria C Garside
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bettina M Fuglerud
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Avinash Thakur
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pamela A Hoodless
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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14
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Nag P, Inubushi T, Sasaki JI, Murotani T, Kusano S, Nakanishi Y, Shiraishi Y, Kurosaka H, Imazato S, Yamaguchi Y, Yamashiro T. Tmem2 Deficiency Leads to Enamel Hypoplasia and Soft Enamel in Mouse. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1162-1171. [PMID: 37449307 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231182355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Teeth consist of 3 mineralized tissues: enamel, dentin, and cementum. Tooth malformation, the most common craniofacial anomaly, arises from complex genetic and environmental factors affecting enamel structure, size, shape, and tooth eruption. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a primary extracellular matrix component, contributes to structural and physiological functions in periodontal tissue. Transmembrane protein 2 (TMEM2), a novel cell surface hyaluronidase, has been shown to play a critical role during embryogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate Tmem2 messenger RNA expression in inner enamel epithelium and presecretory, secretory, and mature ameloblasts. Tmem2 knock-in reporter mice reveal TMEM2 protein localization at the apical and basal ends of secretory ameloblasts. Micro-computed tomography analysis of epithelial-specific Tmem2 conditional knockout (Tmem2-CKO) mice shows a significant reduction in enamel layer thickness and severe enamel deficiency. Enamel matrix protein expression was remarkably downregulated in Tmem2-CKO mice. Scanning electron microscopy of enamel from Tmem2-CKO mice revealed an irregular enamel prism structure, while the microhardness and density of enamel were significantly reduced, indicating impaired ameloblast differentiation and enamel matrix mineralization. Histological evaluation indicated weak adhesion between cells and the basement membrane in Tmem2-CKO mice. The reduced and irregular expressions of vinculin and integrin β1 suggest that Tmem2 deficiency attenuated focal adhesion formation. In addition, abnormal HA accumulation in the ameloblast layer and weak claudin 1 immunoreactivity in Tmem2-CKO mice indicate impaired tight junction gate function. Irregular actin filament assembly was also observed at the apical and basal ends of secretory ameloblasts. Last, we demonstrated that Tmem2-deficient mHAT9d mouse ameloblasts exhibit defective adhesion to HA-containing substrates in vitro. Collectively, our data highlight the importance of TMEM2 in adhesion to HA-rich extracellular matrix, cell-to-cell adhesion, ameloblast differentiation, and enamel matrix mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nag
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - J I Sasaki
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Murotani
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Kusano
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Nakanishi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Shiraishi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Imazato
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Yamaguchi
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - T Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Parnigoni A, Moretto P, Viola M, Karousou E, Passi A, Vigetti D. Effects of Hyaluronan on Breast Cancer Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3813. [PMID: 37568628 PMCID: PMC10417239 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer cells is critical for determining tumor aggressiveness and targeting therapies. The presence of such receptors allows for the use of antagonists that effectively reduce breast cancer growth and dissemination. However, the absence of such receptors in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) reduces the possibility of targeted therapy, making these tumors very aggressive with a poor outcome. Cancers are not solely composed of tumor cells, but also include several types of infiltrating cells, such as fibroblasts, macrophages, and other immune cells that have critical functions in regulating cancer cell behaviors. In addition to these cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has become an important player in many aspects of breast cancer biology, including cell growth, motility, metabolism, and chemoresistance. Hyaluronan (HA) is a key ECM component that promotes cell proliferation and migration in several malignancies. Notably, HA accumulation in the tumor stroma is a negative prognostic factor in breast cancer. HA metabolism depends on the fine balance between HA synthesis by HA synthases and degradation yielded by hyaluronidases. All the different cell types present in the tumor can release HA in the ECM, and in this review, we will describe the role of HA and HA metabolism in different breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.P.); (P.M.); (M.V.); (E.K.); (A.P.)
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16
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Shi W, Scialdone AP, Emerson JI, Mei L, Wasson LK, Davies HA, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Cook JG, Conlon FL. Missense Mutation in Human CHD4 Causes Ventricular Noncompaction by Repressing ADAMTS1. Circ Res 2023; 133:48-67. [PMID: 37254794 PMCID: PMC10284140 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a prevalent cardiomyopathy associated with excessive trabeculation and thin compact myocardium. Patients with LVNC are vulnerable to cardiac dysfunction and at high risk of sudden death. Although sporadic and inherited mutations in cardiac genes are implicated in LVNC, understanding of the mechanisms responsible for human LVNC is limited. METHODS We screened the complete exome sequence database of the Pediatrics Cardiac Genomics Consortium and identified a cohort with a de novo CHD4 (chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4) proband, CHD4M202I, with congenital heart defects. We engineered a humanized mouse model of CHD4M202I (mouse CHD4M195I). Histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, and echocardiography were used to analyze cardiac anatomy and function. Ex vivo culture, immunopurification coupled with mass spectrometry, transcriptional profiling, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to deduce the mechanism of CHD4M195I-mediated ventricular wall defects. RESULTS CHD4M195I/M195I mice developed biventricular hypertrabeculation and noncompaction and died at birth. Proliferation of cardiomyocytes was significantly increased in CHD4M195I hearts, and the excessive trabeculation was associated with accumulation of ECM (extracellular matrix) proteins and a reduction of ADAMTS1 (ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 1), an ECM protease. We rescued the hyperproliferation and hypertrabeculation defects in CHD4M195I hearts by administration of ADAMTS1. Mechanistically, the CHD4M195I protein showed augmented affinity to endocardial BRG1 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4). This enhanced affinity resulted in the failure of derepression of Adamts1 transcription such that ADAMTS1-mediated trabeculation termination was impaired. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals how a single mutation in the chromatin remodeler CHD4, in mice or humans, modulates ventricular chamber maturation and that cardiac defects associated with the missense mutation CHD4M195I can be attenuated by the administration of ADAMTS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute (W.S., A.P.S., J.I.E., H.A.D., F.L.C.), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Angel P. Scialdone
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute (W.S., A.P.S., J.I.E., H.A.D., F.L.C.), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - James I. Emerson
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute (W.S., A.P.S., J.I.E., H.A.D., F.L.C.), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Liu Mei
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics (L.M., J.G.C.), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Lauren K. Wasson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.K.W., C.E.S., J.G.S.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (L.K.W., C.E.S.)
| | - Haley A. Davies
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute (W.S., A.P.S., J.I.E., H.A.D., F.L.C.), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Christine E. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.K.W., C.E.S., J.G.S.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (L.K.W., C.E.S.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (C.E.S.)
| | - Jonathan G. Seidman
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics (L.M., J.G.C.), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.K.W., C.E.S., J.G.S.)
| | - Jeanette G. Cook
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute (W.S., A.P.S., J.I.E., H.A.D., F.L.C.), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics (L.M., J.G.C.), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (F.L.C.), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.K.W., C.E.S., J.G.S.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (L.K.W., C.E.S.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (C.E.S.)
| | - Frank L. Conlon
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute (W.S., A.P.S., J.I.E., H.A.D., F.L.C.), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (F.L.C.), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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17
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Ronco D, Buttiglione G, Garatti A, Parolari A. Biology of mitral valve prolapse: from general mechanisms to advanced molecular patterns-a narrative review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1128195. [PMID: 37332582 PMCID: PMC10272793 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1128195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) represents the most frequent cause of primary mitral regurgitation. For several years, biological mechanisms underlying this condition attracted the attention of investigators, trying to identify the pathways responsible for such a peculiar condition. In the last ten years, cardiovascular research has moved from general biological mechanisms to altered molecular pathways activation. Overexpression of TGF-β signaling, for instance, was shown to play a key role in MVP, while angiotensin-II receptor blockade was found to limit MVP progression by acting on the same signaling pathway. Concerning extracellular matrix organization, the increased valvular interstitial cells density and dysregulated production of catalytic enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases above all) altering the homeostasis between collagen, elastin and proteoglycan components, have been shown to possibly provide a mechanistic basis contributing to the myxomatous MVP phenotype. Moreover, it has been observed that high levels of osteoprotegerin may contribute to the pathogenesis of MVP by increasing collagen deposition in degenerated mitral leaflets. Although MVP is believed to represent the result of multiple genetic pathways alterations, it is important to distinguish between syndromic and non-syndromic conditions. In the first case, such as in Marfan syndrome, the role of specific genes has been clearly identified, while in the latter a progressively increasing number of genetic loci have been thoroughly investigated. Moreover, genomics is gaining more interest as potential disease-causing genes and loci possibly associated with MVP progression and severity have been identified. Animal models could be of help in better understanding the molecular basis of MVP, possibly providing sufficient information to tackle specific mechanisms aimed at slowing down MVP progression, therefore developing non-surgical therapies impacting on the natural history of this condition. Although continuous progress has been made in this field, further translational studies are advocated to improve our knowledge of biological mechanisms underlying MVP development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ronco
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
- Department of Universitary Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gianpiero Buttiglione
- Department of Universitary Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Garatti
- Department of Universitary Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Parolari
- Department of Universitary Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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18
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Pendyala M, Stephen SJ, Vashishth D, Blaber EA, Chan DD. Loss of hyaluronan synthases impacts bone morphology, quality, and mechanical properties. Bone 2023; 172:116779. [PMID: 37100359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan, a glycosaminoglycan synthesized by three isoenzymes (Has1, Has2, Has3), is known to play a role in regulating bone turnover, remodeling, and mineralization, which in turn can affect bone quality and strength. The goal of this study is to characterize how the loss of Has1 or Has3 affects the morphology, matrix properties, and overall strength of murine bone. Femora were isolated from Has1-/-,Has3-/-, and wildtype (WT) C57Bl/6 J female mice and were analyzed using microcomputed-tomography, confocal Raman spectroscopy, three-point bending, and nanoindentation. Of the three genotypes tested, Has1-/- bones demonstrated significantly lower cross-sectional area (p = 0.0002), reduced hardness (p = 0.033), and lower mineral-to-matrix ratio (p < 0.0001). Has3-/- bones had significantly higher stiffness (p < 0.0001) and higher mineral-to-matrix ratio (p < 0.0001) but lower strength (p = 0.0014) and bone mineral density (p < 0.0001) than WT. Interestingly, loss of Has3 was also associated with significantly lower accumulation of advanced glycation end-products than WT (p = 0.0478). Taken together, these results demonstrate, for the first time, the impact of the loss of hyaluronan synthase isoforms on cortical bone structure, content, and biomechanics. Loss of Has1 impacted morphology, mineralization, and micron-level hardness, while loss of Has3 reduced bone mineral density and affected organic matrix composition, impacting whole bone mechanics. This is the first study to characterize the effect of loss of hyaluronan synthases on bone quality, suggesting an essential role hyaluronan plays during the development and regulation of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Pendyala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Samuel J Stephen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Blaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Blue Marble Space Institute of Science at NASA Ames Research Center, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States of America
| | - Deva D Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America.
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19
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Kim J, Seki E. Hyaluronan in liver fibrosis: basic mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic targets. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0083. [PMID: 36930869 PMCID: PMC10027054 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), also known as hyaluronic acid, is a glycosaminoglycan that is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Production and deposition of ECM is a wound-healing response that occurs during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis. ECM production is a sign of the disease progression of fibrosis. Indeed, the accumulation of HA in the liver and elevated serum HA levels are used as biomarkers of cirrhosis. However, recent studies also suggest that the ECM, and HA in particular, as a functional signaling molecule, facilitates disease progression and regulation. The systemic and local levels of HA are regulated by de novo synthesis, cleavage, endocytosis, and degradation of HA, and the molecular mass of HA influences its pathophysiological effects. However, the regulatory mechanisms of HA synthesis and catabolism and the functional role of HA are still poorly understood in liver fibrosis. This review summarizes the role of HA in liver fibrosis at molecular levels as well as its clinical implications and discusses the potential therapeutic uses of targeting HA in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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20
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Zuppo DA, Missinato MA, Santana-Santos L, Li G, Benos PV, Tsang M. Foxm1 regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation in adult zebrafish after cardiac injury. Development 2023; 150:dev201163. [PMID: 36846912 PMCID: PMC10108034 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of the mammalian heart is poor, with one potential reason being that adult cardiomyocytes cannot proliferate at sufficient levels to replace lost tissue. During development and neonatal stages, cardiomyocytes can successfully divide under injury conditions; however, as these cells mature their ability to proliferate is lost. Therefore, understanding the regulatory programs that can induce post-mitotic cardiomyocytes into a proliferative state is essential to enhance cardiac regeneration. Here, we report that the forkhead transcription factor Foxm1 is required for cardiomyocyte proliferation after injury through transcriptional regulation of cell cycle genes. Transcriptomic analysis of injured zebrafish hearts revealed that foxm1 expression is increased in border zone cardiomyocytes. Decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation and expression of cell cycle genes in foxm1 mutant hearts was observed, suggesting it is required for cell cycle checkpoints. Subsequent analysis of a candidate Foxm1 target gene, cenpf, revealed that this microtubule and kinetochore binding protein is also required for cardiac regeneration. Moreover, cenpf mutants show increased cardiomyocyte binucleation. Thus, foxm1 and cenpf are required for cardiomyocytes to complete mitosis during zebrafish cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Zuppo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Maria A. Missinato
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Avidity Biosciences, 10578 Science Center Dr. Suite 125, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lucas Santana-Santos
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Panayiotis V. Benos
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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21
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Liu Y, Li L, Wang L, Lu L, Li Y, Huang G, Song J. 'Two-faces' of hyaluronan, a dynamic barometer of disease progression in tumor microenvironment. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:11. [PMID: 36698043 PMCID: PMC9877274 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a linear polysaccharide consisting of disaccharide units which are the D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. As the largest component of the extracellular matrix in microenvironment, HA polymers with different molecular weights vary in properties to molecular biology function. High molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) is mainly found in normal tissue or physiological condition, and exhibits lubrication and protection properties due to its good water retention and viscoelasticity. On the other hand, an increase in HA catabolism leads to the accumulation of low molecular weight HA (LMW-HA) under pathological circumstances such as inflammation, pre-cancerous and tumor microenvironment. LMW-HA acts as extracellular signals to enhance tumorigenic and metastatic phenotype, such as energy reprogramming, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. This review discusses the basic properties of this simplest carbohydrate molecule in ECM with enormous potential, and its regulatory role between tumorigenesis and microenvironmental homeostasis. The extensive discoveries of the mechanisms underlying the roles of HA in various physiological and pathological processes would provide more information for future research in the fields of biomimetic materials, pharmaceutical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- School of Medicine & Health, Guangxi Vocational & Technical Institute of Industry, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Orthopaedics and Traumatology Hospital, Nanning, 530012, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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22
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Karalis T, Heldin P, Skandalis SS. In Vitro Investigation of Hyaluronan/CD44 Network. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2619:169-186. [PMID: 36662470 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2946-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is one of the most influential components of the extracellular matrix. It is involved in the regulation of normal tissue function and architecture, while its metabolism is perturbed in a multitude of human diseases like inflammation, cancer, and viral infection. Given the implication of hyaluronan in a vast array of diseases, we describe here assays that can be utilized to study the quantity, size, subcellular localization, and binding capacity of hyaluronan by cells as well as its interactions with its major cellular receptor, CD44. Hopefully, these protocols will provide researchers with useful tools to study the complex hyaluronan biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Karalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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23
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Sagae Y, Horie A, Yanai A, Ohara T, Nakakita B, Kitawaki Y, Okunomiya A, Tani H, Yamaguchi K, Hamanishi J, Lydon JP, Daikoku T, Watanabe H, Mandai M. Versican provides the provisional matrix for uterine spiral artery dilation and fetal growth. Matrix Biol 2023; 115:16-31. [PMID: 36423736 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) in the endometrium plays a crucial role in mammalian pregnancy. We have shown that versican secreted from the endometrial epithelium promotes embryo implantation. Versican is a proteoglycan, a major player in the provisional matrix, and versikine, its N-terminal fragment cleaved by ADAMTS proteinases, serves as a bioactive molecule. Here, since versican expression in the placenta was dynamically altered in humans and mice, we investigated the role of versican in pregnancy using uterine-specific Vcan deletion mice (uKO mice) and ADAMTS-resistant versican expressing mice (V1R mice). uKO mice exhibited insufficient spiral artery dilation, followed by fetal growth restriction and maternal hypertension. Further analysis revealed impaired proliferation of tissue-resident natural killer cells required for spiral artery dilation. V1R mice showed the same results as the control, eliminating the involvement of versikine. Our results provide a new concept that versican, one factor of ECM, contributes to placentation and following fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sagae
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihito Horie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Yanai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ohara
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Baku Nakakita
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kitawaki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Asuka Okunomiya
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Tani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junzo Hamanishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Center for Drug Discovery, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Division of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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24
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Plaas AHK, Moran MM, Sandy JD, Hascall VC. Aggrecan and Hyaluronan: The Infamous Cartilage Polyelectrolytes - Then and Now. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1402:3-29. [PMID: 37052843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25588-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Cartilages are unique in the family of connective tissues in that they contain a high concentration of the glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate attached to the core protein of the proteoglycan, aggrecan. Multiple aggrecan molecules are organized in the extracellular matrix via a domain-specific molecular interaction with hyaluronan and a link protein, and these high molecular weight aggregates are immobilized within the collagen and glycoprotein network. The high negative charge density of glycosaminoglycans provides hydrophilicity, high osmotic swelling pressure and conformational flexibility, which together function to absorb fluctuations in biomechanical stresses on cartilage during movement of an articular joint. We have summarized information on the history and current knowledge obtained by biochemical and genetic approaches, on cell-mediated regulation of aggrecan metabolism and its role in skeletal development, growth as well as during the development of joint disease. In addition, we describe the pathways for hyaluronan metabolism, with particular focus on the role as a "metabolic rheostat" during chondrocyte responses in cartilage remodeling in growth and disease.Future advances in effective therapeutic targeting of cartilage loss during osteoarthritic diseases of the joint as an organ as well as in cartilage tissue engineering would benefit from 'big data' approaches and bioinformatics, to uncover novel feed-forward and feed-back mechanisms for regulating transcription and translation of genes and their integration into cell-specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H K Plaas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meghan M Moran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D Sandy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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25
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Zheng X, Wang B, Tang X, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Zhao J, Cui S, Chen W. Absorption, metabolism, and functions of hyaluronic acid and its therapeutic prospects in combination with microorganisms: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120153. [PMID: 36876779 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is key to the stability of the internal environment of tissues. HA content in tissues gradually decreases with age, causing age-related health problems. Exogenous HA supplements are used to prevent or treat these problems including skin dryness and wrinkles, intestinal imbalance, xerophthalmia, and arthritis after absorption. Moreover, some probiotics are able to promote endogenous HA synthesis and alleviate symptoms caused by HA loss, thus introducing potential preventative or therapeutic applications of HA and probiotics. Here, we review the oral absorption, metabolism, and biological function of HA as well as the potential role of probiotics and HA in increasing the efficacy of HA supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Botao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Bloomage Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianmeng Zhang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan 250000, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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26
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Michalczyk M, Humeniuk E, Adamczuk G, Korga-Plewko A. Hyaluronic Acid as a Modern Approach in Anticancer Therapy-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010103. [PMID: 36613567 PMCID: PMC9820514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear polysaccharide and crucial component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), maintaining tissue hydration and tension. Moreover, HA contributes to embryonic development, healing, inflammation, and cancerogenesis. This review summarizes new research on the metabolism and interactions of HA with its binding proteins, known as hyaladherins (CD44, RHAMM), revealing the molecular basis for its distinct biological function in the development of cancer. The presence of HA on the surface of tumor cells is a sign of an adverse prognosis. The involvement of HA in malignancy has been extensively investigated using cancer-free naked mole rats as a model. The HA metabolic components are examined for their potential impact on promoting or inhibiting tumor formation, proliferation, invasion, and metastatic spread. High molecular weight HA is associated with homeostasis and protective action due to its ability to preserve tissue integrity. In contrast, low molecular weight HA indicates a pathological condition in the tissue and plays a role in pro-oncogenic activity. A systematic approach might uncover processes related to cancer growth, establish novel prognostic indicators, and identify potential targets for treatment action.
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27
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Lin X, Mekonnen T, Verma S, Zevallos-Delgado C, Singh M, Aglyamov SR, Gesteira TF, Larin KV, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Hyaluronan Modulates the Biomechanical Properties of the Cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:6. [PMID: 36478198 PMCID: PMC9733656 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.13.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hyaluronan (HA) is a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that has high viscosity and is essential for maintaining tissue hydration. In the cornea, HA is enriched in the limbal region and is a key component of the limbal epithelial stem cell niche. HA is upregulated after injury participating in the formation of the provisional matrix, and has a key role in regulating the wound healing process. This study investigated whether changes in the distribution of HA before and after injury affects the biomechanical properties of the cornea in vivo. Methods Corneas of wild-type (wt) mice and mice lacking enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of HA were analyzed before, immediately after, and 7 and 14 days after a corneal alkali burn (AB). The corneas were evaluated using both a ring light and fluorescein stain by in vivo confocal microscopy, optical coherence elastography (OCE), and immunostaining of corneal whole mounts. Results Our results show that wt mice and mice lacking HA synthase (Has)1 and 3 present an increase in corneal stiffness 7 and 14 days after AB without a significant increase in HA expression and absence of scarring at 14 days after AB. In contrast, mice lacking Has2 present a significant decrease in corneal stiffness, with a significant increase in HA expression and scarring at 14 days after AB. Conclusions Our findings show that the mechanical properties of the cornea are significantly modulated by changes in HA distribution following alkali burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Taye Mekonnen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States,Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Salavat R. Aglyamov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Tarsis F. Gesteira
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
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28
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Wang Y, Mack JA, Hascall VC, Maytin EV. Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor-Mediated, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Signaling Drives Enhanced Myofibroblast Differentiation during Skin Wound Healing in Mice Lacking Hyaluronan Synthases 1 and 3. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1683-1698. [PMID: 36063901 PMCID: PMC9765314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Normal myofibroblast differentiation is critical for proper skin wound healing. Neoexpression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker for myofibroblast differentiation, is driven by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor-mediated signaling. Hyaluronan and its three synthesizing enzymes, hyaluronan synthases (Has 1, 2, and 3), also participate in this process. Closure of skin wounds is significantly accelerated in Has1/3 double-knockout (Has1/3-null) mice. Herein, TGF-β activity and dermal collagen maturation were increased in Has1/3-null healing skin. Cultures of primary skin fibroblasts isolated from Has1/3-null mice had higher levels of TGF-β activity, α-SMA expression, and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase at Thr180/Tyr182, compared with wild-type fibroblasts. p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase was a necessary element in a noncanonical TGF-β receptor signaling pathway driving α-SMA expression in Has1/3-null fibroblasts. Myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF), a cofactor that binds to the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF), was also critical. Nuclear localization of MRTF was increased, and MRTF binding to SRF was enhanced in Has1/3-null fibroblasts. Inhibition of MRTF or SRF expression by RNA interference suppresses α-SMA expression at baseline and diminished its overexpression in Has1/3-null fibroblasts. Interestingly, total matrix metalloproteinase activity was increased in healing skin and fibroblasts from Has1/3-null mice, possibly explaining the increased TGF-β activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Judith A Mack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Dermatology, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Edward V Maytin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Dermatology, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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29
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Sun X, Tang F, Guo Q, Liu Y, He Y, Du Y, Gao F, Zhang G, Yang C. HAS2-Ezrin-ER axis plays a role in acquired antiestrogen resistance of ER-positive breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1031487. [PMID: 36386154 PMCID: PMC9659586 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1031487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of endocrine resistance is a major clinical problem in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BrCa) treatment, in which how cancer cells acquire resistance remains obscure. Hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) is the most critical synthase in producing hyaluronan and is well known for its involvement in cancer growth, metabolism and metastasis. Recent evidence has proved that HAS2 is involved in cellular acquired resistance to drug therapy in BrCa. In this work, we first observed that HAS2 expression was decreased in the endocrine-resistant ER+ BrCa cells. Further knocking-out experiments confirmed that the loss of HAS2 in parental ER+ BrCa cells resulted in a following antiestrogen resistance. Next, we found that the HAS2-loss could induce an upregulation of Ezrin, a member of the membrane cytoskeletal protein family who plays key roles in cellular signal transduction. Notably, we identified that the increase of Ezrin induced by HAS2-loss could inhibit the ERα expression and augment antiestrogen resistance, suggesting that a HAS2-Ezrin-ER axis may be associated with the acquirement of endocrine resistance in ER+ BrCa cells. Finally, knockdown or inhibition of Ezrin could restore the sensitivity of endocrine-resistant cells to antiestrogens treatment by activating ERα signaling. Taken together, our findings unraveled a novel HAS2-Ezrin-ER route in regulating the sensitivity of ER+ BrCa cells to antiestrogens, in which Ezrin may be a potential target in endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuixia Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Khegai II. Hyaluronan Metabolism and Tumor Progression. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Inubushi T, Nakanishi Y, Abe M, Takahata Y, Nishimura R, Kurosaka H, Irie F, Yamashiro T, Yamaguchi Y. The cell surface hyaluronidase TMEM2 plays an essential role in mouse neural crest cell development and survival. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009765. [PMID: 35839257 PMCID: PMC9328550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a major extracellular matrix component whose tissue levels are dynamically regulated during embryonic development. Although the synthesis of HA has been shown to exert a substantial influence on embryonic morphogenesis, the functional importance of the catabolic aspect of HA turnover is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the transmembrane hyaluronidase TMEM2 plays an essential role in neural crest development and the morphogenesis of neural crest derivatives, as evidenced by the presence of severe craniofacial abnormalities in Wnt1-Cre–mediated Tmem2 knockout (Tmem2CKO) mice. Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a migratory population of cells that gives rise to diverse cell lineages, including the craniofacial complex, the peripheral nervous system, and part of the heart. Analysis of Tmem2 expression during NCC formation and migration reveals that Tmem2 is expressed at the site of NCC delamination and in emigrating Sox9-positive NCCs. In Tmem2CKO embryos, the number of NCCs emigrating from the neural tube is greatly reduced. Furthermore, linage tracing reveals that the number of NCCs traversing the ventral migration pathway and the number of post-migratory neural crest derivatives are both significantly reduced in a Tmem2CKO background. In vitro studies using Tmem2-depleted mouse O9-1 neural crest cells demonstrate that Tmem2 expression is essential for the ability of these cells to form focal adhesions on and to migrate into HA-containing substrates. Additionally, we show that Tmem2-deficient NCCs exhibit increased apoptotic cell death in NCC-derived tissues, an observation that is corroborated by in vitro experiments using O9-1 cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that TMEM2-mediated HA degradation plays an essential role in normal neural crest development. This study reveals the hitherto unrecognized functional importance of HA degradation in embryonic development and highlights the pivotal role of Tmem2 in the developmental process. As a major component of the extracellular matrix, hyaluronan is particularly abundant in the extracellular matrix of embryonic tissues, where its expression is dynamically regulated during tissue morphogenetic processes. Tissue levels of hyaluronan are regulated not only by its synthesis but also by its degradation. Curiously, however, mice lacking known hyaluronidase molecules, including HYAL1 and HYAL2, exhibit minimal embryonic phenotypes. As a result, our understanding of the role of the catabolic aspect of hyaluronan metabolism in embryonic development is quite limited. Here, we show that TMEM2, a recently identified hyaluronidase that degrades hyaluronan on the cell surface, plays a critical role in the development of neural crest cells and their derivatives. Our analyses of Tmem2 conditional knockout mice, Tmem2 knock-in reporter mice, and in vitro cell cultures demonstrate that TMEM2 is essential for generating a tissue environment needed for efficient migration of neural crest cells from the neural tube. Our paper reveals for the first time that the degradation of hyaluronan plays a specific regulatory role in embryonic morphogenesis, and that dysregulation of hyaluronan degradation leads to severe developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuichiro Nakanishi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Abe
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Takahata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Riko Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Irie
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Yamaguchi
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Choi BH, Ryoo I, Sim KH, Ahn HJ, Lee YJ, Kwak MK. High Levels of Hyaluronic Acid Synthase-2 Mediate NRF2-Driven Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:368-379. [PMID: 35768333 PMCID: PMC9252875 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), a ligand of CD44, accumulates in some types of tumors and is responsible for tumor progression. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2) regulates cytoprotective genes and drug transporters, which promotes therapy resistance in tumors. Previously, we showed that high levels of CD44 are associated with NRF2 activation in cancer stem like-cells. Herein, we demonstrate that HA production was increased in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer MCF7 cells (MCF7-DR) via the upregulation of HA synthase-2 (HAS2). HA incubation increased NRF2, aldo-keto reductase 1C1 (AKR1C1), and multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) levels. Silencing of HAS2 or CD44 suppressed NRF2 signaling in MCF7-DR, which was accompanied by increased doxorubicin sensitivity. The treatment with a HAS2 inhibitor, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), decreased NRF2, AKR1C1, and MDR1 levels in MCF7-DR. Subsequently, 4-MU treatment inhibited sphere formation and doxorubicin resistance in MCF7-DR. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis across 32 types of tumors indicates the amplification of HAS2 gene is a common genetic alteration and is negatively correlated with the overall survival rate. In addition, high HAS2 mRNA levels are associated with increased NRF2 signaling and poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients. Collectively, these indicate that HAS2 elevation contributes to chemoresistance and sphere formation capacity of drug-resistant MCF7 cells by activating CD44/NRF2 signaling, suggesting a potential benefit of HAS2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hyun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Ingeun Ryoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Integrated Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Hwa Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jin Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ju Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology and Integrated Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
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Riecks J, Parnigoni A, Győrffy B, Kiesel L, Passi A, Vigetti D, Götte M. The hyaluronan-related genes HAS2, HYAL1-4, PH20 and HYALP1 are associated with prognosis, cell viability and spheroid formation capacity in ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:3399-3419. [PMID: 35767191 PMCID: PMC9587083 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Hyaluronan modulates tumour progression, including cell adhesion, cohesion, proliferation and invasion, and the cancer stem cell phenotype. In ovarian cancer, high levels of stromal hyaluronan are associated with poor prognosis. In this work, hyaluronan synthases (HAS1-3) and hyaluronidases (HYAL1-4, PH-20, HYALP1) were examined with regard to different levels of gene expression and its influence on ovarian cancer patients’ survival. The impact of a siRNA depletion of HAS2 was investigated in vitro. Methods Using the Kaplan–Meier Plotter tool, we investigated the influence of hyaluronic synthases and hyaluronidases on the survival of a collective of 1435 ovarian cancer patients. Differences in gene expression between normal (n = 46) and cancerous (n = 744) ovarian tissue were examined using the TNMplot database. Following an evaluation of hyaluronan-related gene expression in the ATCC ovarian cancer panel, we studied SKOV3 and SW 626 ovarian cancer cells subjected to HAS2 siRNA or control siRNA treatment in terms of HAS1-3, HYAL2 and HYAL3 mRNA expression. We investigated the ability to form spheroids using the Hanging Drop method and the response to chemotherapy at different concentrations using the MTT Assay. By STRING analysis, interactions within the enzymes of the hyaluronic acid system and with binding partners were visualized. Results HAS1, HYAL1 and HYAL4 mRNA expression is significantly upregulated, whereas HAS2, HYAL2 and HYAL3 mRNA expression is significantly downregulated in ovarian cancer tissue compared to controls. HAS2 improves cell viability, the capability to form tumour spheroids and has a negative prognostic value regarding overall survival. Lower HAS2 expression and high expression of HYAL2 and HYAL3 favours the survival of ovarian cancer patients. HAS2 knockdown cells and control cells showed a moderate response to combinatorial in vitro chemotherapy with taxol and cisplatin. Conclusion In conclusion, our study shows that the hyaluronic acid system has a relevant influence on the survival of ovarian cancer patients and could therefore be considered as a possible prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jette Riecks
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Arianna Parnigoni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- TTK Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 11, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Parnigoni A, Viola M, Karousou E, Rovera S, Giaroni C, Passi A, Vigetti D. ROLE OF HYALURONAN IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF VASCULAR1 ENDOTHELIAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C505-C519. [PMID: 35759431 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00061.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the blood vessel is hyaluronic acid or hyaluronan (HA). It is a ubiquitous polysaccharide belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans, but, differently from other proteoglycan-associated glycosaminoglycans, it is synthesized on the plasma membrane by a family of three HA synthases (HAS). HA can be released as a free polymer in the extracellular space or remain associated with the membrane in the pericellular space via HAS or via binding proteins. In fact, several cell surface proteins can interact with HA working as HA receptors like CD44, RHAMM, and LYVE-1. In physiological conditions, HA is localized in the glycocalyx and in the adventitia and is responsible for the loose and hydrated vascular structure favoring flexibility and allowing the stretching of vessels in response to mechanical forces. During atherogenesis, ECM undergoes dramatic alterations which have a crucial role in lipoprotein retention and in triggering multiple signaling cascades that wake up cells from their quiescent status. HA becomes highly present in the media and neointima favoring smooth muscle cells dedifferentiation, migration, and proliferation that strongly contribute to vessel wall thickening. Further, HA is able to modulate immune cell recruitment both within the vessel wall and on the endothelial cell layer. This review is focused on the effects of HA on vascular cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Parnigoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Manuela Viola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Rovera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Karalis T, Skandalis SS. Hyaluronan network: a driving force in cancer progression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C145-C158. [PMID: 35649255 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00139.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is one of the most abundant macromolecules of the extracellular matrix and regulates several physiological cell and tissue properties. However, hyaluronan has been shown to accumulate together with its receptors in various cancers. In tumors, accumulation of hyaluronan system components (hyaluronan synthesizing/degrading enzymes and interacting proteins) associates with poor outcomes of the patients. In this article, we review the main roles of hyaluronan in normal physiology and cancer, and further discuss the targeting of hyaluronan system as an applicable therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Karalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Kyyak S, Blatt S, Wiesmann N, Smeets R, Kaemmerer PW. Hyaluronic Acid with Bone Substitutes Enhance Angiogenesis In Vivo. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113839. [PMID: 35683136 PMCID: PMC9181602 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The effective induction of angiogenesis is directly related to the success of bone-substitute materials (BSM) for maxillofacial osseous regeneration. Therefore, the addition of pro-angiogenic properties to a commercially available bovine bone-substitute material in combination with hyaluronic acid (BSM+) was compared to the same bone-substitute material without hyaluronic acid (BSM) in an in-vivo model. Materials and Methods: BSM+ and BSM were incubated for six days on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken eggs. Microscopically, the number of vessels and branching points, the vessel area and vessel length were evaluated. Subsequently, the total vessel area and brightness integration were assessed after immunohistochemical staining (H&E, alphaSMA). Results: In the BSM+ group, a significantly higher number of vessels (p < 0.001), branching points (p = 0.001), total vessel area (p < 0.001) as well as vessel length (p = 0.001) were found in comparison to the BSM group without hyaluronic acid. Immunohistochemically, a significantly increased total vessel area (p < 0.001 for H&E, p = 0.037 for alphaSMA) and brightness integration (p = 0.047) for BSM+ in comparison to the native material were seen. Conclusions: The combination of a xenogenic bone-substitute material with hyaluronic acid significantly induced angiogenesis in vivo. This might lead to a faster integration and an improved healing in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomiya Kyyak
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.K.); (S.B.); (N.W.)
| | - Sebastian Blatt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.K.); (S.B.); (N.W.)
| | - Nadine Wiesmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.K.); (S.B.); (N.W.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Division “Regenerative Orofacial Medicine”, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peer W. Kaemmerer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.K.); (S.B.); (N.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Feulner L, van Vliet PP, Puceat M, Andelfinger G. Endocardial Regulation of Cardiac Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9050122. [PMID: 35621833 PMCID: PMC9144171 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocardium is a specialized form of endothelium that lines the inner side of the heart chambers and plays a crucial role in cardiac development. While comparatively less studied than other cardiac cell types, much progress has been made in understanding the regulation of and by the endocardium over the past two decades. In this review, we will summarize what is currently known regarding endocardial origin and development, the relationship between endocardium and other cardiac cell types, and the various lineages that endocardial cells derive from and contribute to. These processes are driven by key molecular mechanisms such as Notch and BMP signaling. These pathways in particular have been well studied, but other signaling pathways and mechanical cues also play important roles. Finally, we will touch on the contribution of stem cell modeling in combination with single cell sequencing and its potential translational impact for congenital heart defects such as bicuspid aortic valves and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The detailed understanding of cellular and molecular processes in the endocardium will be vital to further develop representative stem cell-derived models for disease modeling and regenerative medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Feulner
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (L.F.); (P.P.v.V.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Patrick Piet van Vliet
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (L.F.); (P.P.v.V.)
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) INSERM, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Michel Puceat
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) INSERM, 13885 Marseille, France
- INSERM U-1251, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix-Marseille University, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (L.F.); (P.P.v.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Lierova A, Kasparova J, Filipova A, Cizkova J, Pekarova L, Korecka L, Mannova N, Bilkova Z, Sinkorova Z. Hyaluronic Acid: Known for Almost a Century, but Still in Vogue. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040838. [PMID: 35456670 PMCID: PMC9029726 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) has a special position among glycosaminoglycans. As a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This simple, unbranched polysaccharide is involved in the regulation of various biological cell processes, whether under physiological conditions or in cases of cell damage. This review summarizes the history of this molecule’s study, its distinctive metabolic pathway in the body, its unique properties, and current information regarding its interaction partners. Our main goal, however, is to intensively investigate whether this relatively simple polymer may find applications in protecting against ionizing radiation (IR) or for therapy in cases of radiation-induced damage. After exposure to IR, acute and belated damage develops in each tissue depending upon the dose received and the cellular composition of a given organ. A common feature of all organ damage is a distinct change in composition and structure of the ECM. In particular, the important role of HA was shown in lung tissue and the variability of this flexible molecule in the complex mechanism of radiation-induced lung injuries. Moreover, HA is also involved in intermediating cell behavior during morphogenesis and in tissue repair during inflammation, injury, and would healing. The possibility of using the HA polymer to affect or treat radiation tissue damage may point to the missing gaps in the responsible mechanisms in the onset of this disease. Therefore, in this article, we will also focus on obtaining answers from current knowledge and the results of studies as to whether hyaluronic acid can also find application in radiation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lierova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (A.F.); (J.C.); (L.P.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jitka Kasparova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (L.K.); (N.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Alzbeta Filipova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (A.F.); (J.C.); (L.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Jana Cizkova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (A.F.); (J.C.); (L.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Lenka Pekarova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (A.F.); (J.C.); (L.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Lucie Korecka
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (L.K.); (N.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Nikola Mannova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (L.K.); (N.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zuzana Bilkova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (L.K.); (N.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zuzana Sinkorova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (A.F.); (J.C.); (L.P.); (Z.S.)
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Tian S, Zhang H, Chang HM, Klausen C, Huang HF, Jin M, Leung PCK. Activin a promotes hyaluronan production and upregulates versican expression in human granulosa cells via the ALK4-SMAD2/3-SMAD4 signaling pathway. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:458-473. [PMID: 35403677 PMCID: PMC9382401 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a structural component of the expanded cumulus matrix, and hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) is the major enzyme for the synthesis of hyaluronan in humans. Versican cross-links the hyaluronan-rich matrix to cumulus cells and is critical for successful ovulation. Activin A is a critical intrafollicular regulator of ovarian function. Although activin A has been shown to promote cumulus matrix expansion in mice, the functional role of activin A in the regulation of cumulus expansion in the human ovary remains to be elucidated. Using primary and immortalized human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells as study models, we provide the first data showing that activin A increased the production of hyaluronan by upregulating the expression of HAS2 in these cells. Additionally, activin A also promoted the expression of the hyaluronan-binding protein versican. Moreover, using inhibitor- and siRNA-mediated inhibition approaches, we found that these stimulatory effects of activin A are most likely mediated through the type I receptor ALK4-mediated SMAD2/SMAD3-SMAD4 signaling pathway. Notably, the ChIP analyses demonstrated that SMAD4 could bind to human HAS2 and VERSICAN promoters. The results obtained from this in vitro study suggest that locally produced activin A plays a functional role in the regulation of hyaluronan production and stabilization in hGL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - He-Feng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Umugire A, Lee S, Lee CJ, Choi Y, Kim T, Cho HH. Hyaluronan synthase 1: A novel candidate gene associated with late-onset non-syndromic hereditary hearing loss. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 15:220-229. [PMID: 35413171 PMCID: PMC9441500 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2022.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) is a membrane-bound protein that is abundant in the epidermis and dermis, and it is important for skin function. However, its association with hearing loss has not yet been studied. Herein, we sought to evaluate the potential contribution of HAS1: c.1082G>A to genetic hearing loss. Methods We used whole-exome sequencing to analyze blood DNA samples of six patients of a family with autosomal dominant familial late-onset progressive hearing loss, which was revealed to be related to a variant of the HAS1 gene. Confirmatory Sanger sequencing was performed with samples from 10 members. A missense variant was detected in HAS1 (c.1082 G>A, p.Cys361Tyr). In silico analyses predicted this variant to result in the functional loss of HAS1. Immunostaining was conducted using wild-type mouse samples to verify HAS1 expression. Results Has1 was detected in an otocyst at E10.5. In the pup, Has1 expression was localized in the stria vascularis (SV), hair cells, supporting cells of the organ of Corti, and some spiral ganglion neurons. SV marginal cells markedly expressed Has1 in the adult stage. The hearing threshold in the Has1-depleted condition was investigated by accessing the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium’s Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) data. ABR of Has1 knock-out mice showed threshold elevations at 6, 12, and 18 kHz in young male adults. Conclusion HAS1 may have a close relationship with auditory function and genetic hearing loss. Further investigation is needed to reveal the precise role of HAS1 in the auditory system. HAS1 is a candidate gene for future hereditary hearing loss genetic testing.
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Chang HM, Bai L, Zhu YM, Leung PCK. Connective tissue growth factor mediates bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced increase in hyaluronan production in luteinized human granulosa cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:65. [PMID: 35395768 PMCID: PMC8991488 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronan is the main component of the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) matrix, and it maintains the basic structure of the COC during ovulation. As a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) has been identified as a critical regulator of mammalian folliculogenesis and ovulation. However, whether BMP2 can regulate the production of hyaluronan in human granulosa cells has never been elucidated. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the effect of BMP2 on the production of hyaluronan and the underlying molecular mechanism using both immortalized (SVOG) and primary human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells. The expression of three hyaluronan synthases (including HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3) were examined following cell incubation with BMP2 at different concentrations. The concentrations of the hyaluronan cell culture medium were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The TGF-β type I receptor inhibitors (dorsomorphin and DMH-1) and small interfering RNAs targeting ALK2, ALK3, ALK6 and SMAD4 were used to investigate the involvement of TGF-β type I receptor and SMAD-dependent pathway. RESULTS Our results showed that BMP2 treatment significantly increased the production of hyaluronan by upregulating the expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2). In addition, BMP2 upregulates the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), which subsequently mediates the BMP2-induced increases in HAS2 expression and hyaluronan production because overexpression of CTGF enhances, whereas knockdown of CTGF reverses, these effects. Notably, using kinase inhibitor- and siRNA-mediated knockdown approaches, we demonstrated that the inductive effect of BMP2 on the upregulation of CTGF is mediated by the ALK2/ALK3-mediated SMAD-dependent signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanism by which BMP2 promotes the production of hyaluronan in human granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Room 317, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Long Bai
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Room 317, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Yi-Min Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Room 317, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Room 317, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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Maloney FP, Kuklewicz J, Corey RA, Bi Y, Ho R, Mateusiak L, Pardon E, Steyaert J, Stansfeld PJ, Zimmer J. Structure, substrate recognition and initiation of hyaluronan synthase. Nature 2022; 604:195-201. [PMID: 35355017 PMCID: PMC9358715 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is an acidic heteropolysaccharide comprising alternating N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid sugars that is ubiquitously expressed in the vertebrate extracellular matrix1. The high-molecular-mass polymer modulates essential physiological processes in health and disease, including cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis and angiogenesis2. Hyaluronan is synthesized by a membrane-embedded processive glycosyltransferase, hyaluronan synthase (HAS), which catalyses the synthesis and membrane translocation of hyaluronan from uridine diphosphate-activated precursors3,4. Here we describe five cryo-electron microscopy structures of a viral HAS homologue at different states during substrate binding and initiation of polymer synthesis. Combined with biochemical analyses and molecular dynamics simulations, our data reveal how HAS selects its substrates, hydrolyses the first substrate to prime the synthesis reaction, opens a hyaluronan-conducting transmembrane channel, ensures alternating substrate polymerization and coordinates hyaluronan inside its transmembrane pore. Our research suggests a detailed model for the formation of an acidic extracellular heteropolysaccharide and provides insights into the biosynthesis of one of the most abundant and essential glycosaminoglycans in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn P Maloney
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeremi Kuklewicz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Robin A Corey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yunchen Bi
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruoya Ho
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lukasz Mateusiak
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Pardon
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Steyaert
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Phillip J Stansfeld
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jochen Zimmer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Bi Y, Yang Z, Jin M, Zhai K, Wang J, Mao Y, Liu Y, Ding M, Wang H, Wang F, Cai H, Ji G. ERp44 is required for endocardial cushion development by regulating VEGFA secretion in myocardium. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13179. [PMID: 35088919 PMCID: PMC8891561 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endocardial cushions are precursors of the valve septum complex that separates the four heart chambers. Several genes have been implicated in the development of endocardial cushions. Specifically, ERp44 has been found to play a role in the early secretory pathway, but its function in heart development has not been well studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we established conditional and tissue-specific knockout mouse models. The morphology, survival rate, the development of heart and endocardial cushion were under evaluation. The relationship between ERp44 and VEGFA was investigated by transcriptome, qPCR, WB, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS ERp44 knockout (KO) mice were smaller in size, and most mice died during early postnatal life. KO hearts exhibited the typical phenotypes of congenital heart diseases, such as abnormal heart shapes and severe septal and valvular defects. Similar phenotypes were found in cTNT-Cre+/- ; ERp44fl / fl mice, which indicated that myocardial ERp44 principally controls endocardial cushion formation. Further studies demonstrated that the deletion of ERp44 significantly decreased the proliferation of cushion cells and impaired the endocardial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which was followed by endocardial cushion dysplasia. Finally, we found that ERp44 was directly bound to VEGFA and controlled its release, further regulating EndMT. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that ERp44 plays a specific role in heart development. ERp44 contributes to the development of the endocardial cushion by affecting VEGFA-mediated EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhiguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Meng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kui Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Mingqin Ding
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Huiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of DermatologyAir Force Medical CenterPLABeijingChina
| | - Guangju Ji
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Fasham J, Lin S, Ghosh P, Radio FC, Farrow EG, Thiffault I, Kussman J, Zhou D, Hemming R, Zahka K, Chioza BA, Rawlins LE, Wenger OK, Gunning AC, Pizzi S, Onesimo R, Zampino G, Barker E, Osawa N, Rodriguez MC, Neuhann TM, Zackai EH, Keena B, Capasso J, Levin AV, Bhoj E, Li D, Hakonarson H, Wentzensen IM, Jackson A, Chandler KE, Coban-Akdemir ZH, Posey JE, Banka S, Lupski JR, Sheppard SE, Tartaglia M, Triggs-Raine B, Crosby AH, Baple EL. Elucidating the clinical spectrum and molecular basis of HYAL2 deficiency. Genet Med 2022; 24:631-644. [PMID: 34906488 PMCID: PMC9933146 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously defined biallelic HYAL2 variants causing a novel disorder in 2 families, involving orofacial clefting, facial dysmorphism, congenital heart disease, and ocular abnormalities, with Hyal2 knockout mice displaying similar phenotypes. In this study, we better define the phenotype and pathologic disease mechanism. METHODS Clinical and genomic investigations were undertaken alongside molecular studies, including immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses of variant/wild-type human HYAL2 expressed in mouse fibroblasts, and in silico modeling of putative pathogenic variants. RESULTS Ten newly identified individuals with this condition were investigated, and they were associated with 9 novel pathogenic variants. Clinical studies defined genotype-phenotype correlations and confirmed a recognizable craniofacial phenotype in addition to myopia, cleft lip/palate, and congenital cardiac anomalies as the most consistent manifestations of the condition. In silico modeling of missense variants identified likely deleterious effects on protein folding. Consistent with this, functional studies indicated that these variants cause protein instability and a concomitant cell surface absence of HYAL2 protein. CONCLUSION These studies confirm an association between HYAL2 alterations and syndromic cleft lip/palate, provide experimental evidence for the pathogenicity of missense alleles, enable further insights into the pathomolecular basis of the disease, and delineate the core and variable clinical outcomes of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Fasham
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Siying Lin
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Promita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emily G Farrow
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Jennifer Kussman
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Dihong Zhou
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Rick Hemming
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kenneth Zahka
- Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Barry A Chioza
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Lettie E Rawlins
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia K Wenger
- New Leaf Center, Clinic for Special Children, Mount Eaton, OH
| | - Adam C Gunning
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Disease and Congenital Defects, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli (Gemelli University Hospital), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Disease and Congenital Defects, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli (Gemelli University Hospital), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emily Barker
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Natasha Osawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Megan Christine Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Beth Keena
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jenina Capasso
- Golisano Children's Hospital and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Alex V Levin
- Golisano Children's Hospital and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Elizabeth Bhoj
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dong Li
- Golisano Children's Hospital and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Adam Jackson
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kate E Chandler
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Sarah E Sheppard
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital), IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom.
| | - Emma L Baple
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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45
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Sherpa MT, Kiwamoto T, Matsuyama M, Tsunoda Y, Yazaki K, Yoshida K, Nakajima M, Matsuno Y, Morishima Y, Ishii Y, Hizawa N. Has2 Regulates the Development of Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Remodeling and Steroid Insensitivity in Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 12:770305. [PMID: 35069543 PMCID: PMC8777110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HAS2 is a member of the gene family encoding the hyaluronan synthase 2, which can generate high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA). Our previous study identified HAS2 as a candidate gene for increased susceptibility to adult asthma. However, whether HAS2 dysfunction affects airway remodeling and steroid insensitivity is still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the Has2 dysfunction, triggering severe airway remodeling and steroid insensitivity in a murine model of asthma. Has2 heterozygous-deficient (Has2+/−) mice and their wild-type littermates have been evaluated in a model of chronic ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. Mice present a higher sensitivity to OVA and higher IL-17 release as well as eosinophilic infiltration. RNA sequencing demonstrated the downregulation of EIF2 signaling pathways, TGF-β signaling pathways, and heat shock proteins with Th17 bias in Has2+/−-OVA mice. The combined treatment with anti-IL-17A antibody and dexamethasone reduces steroid insensitivity in Has2+/−-OVA mice. Has2 attenuation worsens eosinophilic airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and steroid insensitivity. These data highlight that HAS2 and HMW-HA are important for controlling intractable eosinophilic airway inflammation and remodeling and could potentially be exploited for their therapeutic benefits in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingma Thsering Sherpa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takumi Kiwamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masashi Matsuyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tsunoda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kai Yazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yoshida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuko Morishima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukio Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Vignes H, Vagena-Pantoula C, Prakash M, Fukui H, Norden C, Mochizuki N, Jug F, Vermot J. Extracellular mechanical forces drive endocardial cell volume decrease during zebrafish cardiac valve morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2022; 57:598-609.e5. [PMID: 35245444 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Organ morphogenesis involves dynamic changes of tissue properties while cells adapt to their mechanical environment through mechanosensitive pathways. How mechanical cues influence cell behaviors during morphogenesis remains unclear. Here, we studied the formation of the zebrafish atrioventricular canal (AVC) where cardiac valves develop. We show that the AVC forms within a zone of tissue convergence associated with the increased activation of the actomyosin meshwork and cell-orientation changes. We demonstrate that tissue convergence occurs with a reduction of cell volume triggered by mechanical forces and the mechanosensitive channel TRPP2/TRPV4. Finally, we show that the extracellular matrix component hyaluronic acid controls cell volume changes. Together, our data suggest that multiple force-sensitive signaling pathways converge to modulate cell volume. We conclude that cell volume reduction is a key cellular feature activated by mechanotransduction during cardiovascular morphogenesis. This work further identifies how mechanical forces and extracellular matrix influence tissue remodeling in developing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Vignes
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Mangal Prakash
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany; Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hajime Fukui
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Caren Norden
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Florian Jug
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany; Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Fondazione Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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The Impact of Obesity, Adipose Tissue, and Tumor Microenvironment on Macrophage Polarization and Metastasis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020339. [PMID: 35205204 PMCID: PMC8869089 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The inflammatory adipose microenvironment in obesity plays a crucial role in cancer development and metastases. By focusing on adipocytes and macrophages, as well as the extracellular matrix, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link inflammation, obesity, and cancer will be addressed by this review. After describing the tumor microenvironment and extracellular matrix, the influence of M1, M2, and tumor-associated macrophages will be explored through their origin, classification, polarization, and regulatory networks, including their potential role in angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, with a specific focus on the roles of adipocytes in this process. Abstract Tumor metastasis is a major cause of death in cancer patients. It involves not only the intrinsic alterations within tumor cells, but also crosstalk between these cells and components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process, involving the following three main stages: initiation, progression, and metastasis. The transition between these stages depends on the changes within the extracellular matrix (ECM), in which tumor and stromal cells reside. This matrix, under the effect of growth factors, cytokines, and adipokines, can be morphologically altered, degraded, or reorganized. Many cancers evolve to form an immunosuppressive TME locally and create a pre-metastatic niche in other tissue sites. TME and pre-metastatic niches include myofibroblasts, immuno-inflammatory cells (macrophages), adipocytes, blood, and lymphatic vascular networks. Several studies have highlighted the adipocyte-macrophage interaction as a key driver of cancer progression and dissemination. The following two main classes of macrophages are distinguished: M1 (pro-inflammatory/anti-tumor) and M2 (anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor). These cells exhibit distinct microenvironment-dependent phenotypes that can promote or inhibit metastasis. On the other hand, obesity in cancer patients has been linked to a poor prognosis. In this regard, tumor-associated adipocytes modulate TME through the secretion of inflammatory mediators, which modulate and recruit tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Hereby, this review describes the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link inflammation, obesity, and cancer. It provides a comprehensive overview of adipocytes and macrophages in the ECM as they control cancer initiation, progression, and invasion. In addition, it addresses the mechanisms of tumor anchoring and recruitment for M1, M2, and TAM macrophages, specifically highlighting their origin, classification, polarization, and regulatory networks, as well as their roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, specifically highlighting the role of adipocytes in this process.
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Henderson DJ, Eley L, Turner JE, Chaudhry B. Development of the Human Arterial Valves: Understanding Bicuspid Aortic Valve. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:802930. [PMID: 35155611 PMCID: PMC8829322 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.802930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in the arterial valves are some of the commonest congenital malformations, with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) occurring in as many as 2% of the population. Despite this, most of what we understand about the development of the arterial (semilunar; aortic and pulmonary) valves is extrapolated from investigations of the atrioventricular valves in animal models, with surprisingly little specifically known about how the arterial valves develop in mouse, and even less in human. In this review, we summarise what is known about the development of the human arterial valve leaflets, comparing this to the mouse where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Henderson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Derrick CJ, Sánchez-Posada J, Hussein F, Tessadori F, Pollitt EJG, Savage AM, Wilkinson RN, Chico TJ, van Eeden FJ, Bakkers J, Noël ES. Asymmetric Hapln1a drives regionalized cardiac ECM expansion and promotes heart morphogenesis in zebrafish development. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:226-240. [PMID: 33616638 PMCID: PMC8752364 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vertebrate heart development requires the complex morphogenesis of a linear tube to form the mature organ, a process essential for correct cardiac form and function, requiring coordination of embryonic laterality, cardiac growth, and regionalized cellular changes. While previous studies have demonstrated broad requirements for extracellular matrix (ECM) components in cardiac morphogenesis, we hypothesized that ECM regionalization may fine tune cardiac shape during heart development. METHODS AND RESULTS Using live in vivo light sheet imaging of zebrafish embryos, we describe a left-sided expansion of the ECM between the myocardium and endocardium prior to the onset of heart looping and chamber ballooning. Analysis using an ECM sensor revealed the cardiac ECM is further regionalized along the atrioventricular axis. Spatial transcriptomic analysis of gene expression in the heart tube identified candidate genes that may drive ECM expansion. This approach identified regionalized expression of hapln1a, encoding an ECM cross-linking protein. Validation of transcriptomic data by in situ hybridization confirmed regionalized hapln1a expression in the heart, with highest levels of expression in the future atrium and on the left side of the tube, overlapping with the observed ECM expansion. Analysis of CRISPR-Cas9-generated hapln1a mutants revealed a reduction in atrial size and reduced chamber ballooning. Loss-of-function analysis demonstrated that ECM expansion is dependent upon Hapln1a, together supporting a role for Hapln1a in regionalized ECM modulation and cardiac morphogenesis. Analysis of hapln1a expression in zebrafish mutants with randomized or absent embryonic left-right asymmetry revealed that laterality cues position hapln1a-expressing cells asymmetrically in the left side of the heart tube. CONCLUSION We identify a regionalized ECM expansion in the heart tube which promotes correct heart development, and propose a novel model whereby embryonic laterality cues orient the axis of ECM asymmetry in the heart, suggesting these two pathways interact to promote robust cardiac morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Derrick
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Juliana Sánchez-Posada
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Farah Hussein
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Federico Tessadori
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric J G Pollitt
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Aaron M Savage
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Robert N Wilkinson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Timothy J Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Fredericus J van Eeden
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Emily S Noël
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Abstract
Over the years, hyaluronic acid (HA) has emerged as an important molecule in nephrological and urological studies involving extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, inflammation, tissue regeneration, and viral sensing. During this time, many have noted the perplexing double-edged nature of the molecule, at times promoting pro-fibrotic events and at other times promoting anti-fibrotic events. Different molecular weights of HA can be attributed to these disparities, though most studies have yet to focus on this subtlety. With regard to the kidney, HA is induced in the initial response phase of injury and is subsequently decreased during disease progression of AKI, CKD, and diabetic nephropathy. These and other kidney diseases force patients, particularly pediatric patients, to face dialysis, surgical procedures, and ultimately, transplant. To summarize the current literature for researchers and pediatric nephrologists, this review aims to expound HA and elucidate its paradoxical effects in multiple kidney diseases using studies that emphasize HA molecular weight when available.
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