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Irons EE, Sajina GC, Lau JT. Sialic acid in the regulation of blood cell production, differentiation and turnover. Immunology 2024; 172:517-532. [PMID: 38503445 PMCID: PMC11223974 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid is a unique sugar moiety that resides in the distal and most accessible position of the glycans on mammalian cell surface and extracellular glycoproteins and glycolipids. The potential for sialic acid to obscure underlying structures has long been postulated, but the means by which such structural changes directly affect biological processes continues to be elucidated. Here, we appraise the growing body of literature detailing the importance of sialic acid for the generation, differentiation, function and death of haematopoietic cells. We conclude that sialylation is a critical post-translational modification utilized in haematopoiesis to meet the dynamic needs of the organism by enforcing rapid changes in availability of lineage-specific cell types. Though long thought to be generated only cell-autonomously within the intracellular ER-Golgi secretory apparatus, emerging data also demonstrate previously unexpected diversity in the mechanisms of sialylation. Emphasis is afforded to the mechanism of extrinsic sialylation, whereby extracellular enzymes remodel cell surface and extracellular glycans, supported by charged sugar donor molecules from activated platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph T.Y. Lau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
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2
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Souchak J, Mohammed NBB, Lau LS, Dimitroff CJ. The role of galectins in mediating the adhesion of circulating cells to vascular endothelium. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395714. [PMID: 38840921 PMCID: PMC11150550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular cell adhesion is a complex orchestration of events that commonly feature lectin-ligand interactions between circulating cells, such as immune, stem, and tumor cells, and endothelial cells (ECs) lining post-capillary venules. Characteristically, circulating cell adherence to the vasculature endothelium is initiated through interactions between surface sialo-fucosylated glycoprotein ligands and lectins, specifically platelet (P)- or endothelial (E)-selectin on ECs or between leukocyte (L)-selectin on circulating leukocytes and L-selectin ligands on ECs, culminating in circulating cell extravasation. This lectin-ligand interplay enables the migration of immune cells into specific tissue sites to help maintain effective immunosurveillance and inflammation control, the homing of stem cells to bone marrow or tissues in need of repair, and, unfortunately, in some cases, the dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to distant metastatic sites. Interestingly, there is a growing body of evidence showing that the family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, known as galectins, can also play pivotal roles in the adhesion of circulating cells to the vascular endothelium. In this review, we present contemporary knowledge on the significant roles of host- and/or tumor-derived galectin (Gal)-3, -8, and -9 in facilitating the adhesion of circulating cells to the vascular endothelium either directly by acting as bridging molecules or indirectly by triggering signaling pathways to express adhesion molecules on ECs. We also explore strategies for interfering with galectin-mediated adhesion to attenuate inflammation or hinder the metastatic seeding of CTCs, which are often rich in galectins and/or their glycan ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Souchak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Norhan B. B. Mohammed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Lee Seng Lau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Charles J. Dimitroff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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3
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Svensson T, Svensson AK, Kitlinski M, Engström G, Nilsson J, Orho-Melander M, Nilsson PM, Melander O. Very short sleep duration reveals a proteomic fingerprint that is selectively associated with incident diabetes mellitus but not with incident coronary heart disease: a cohort study. BMC Med 2024; 22:173. [PMID: 38649900 PMCID: PMC11035142 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular pathways linking short and long sleep duration with incident diabetes mellitus (iDM) and incident coronary heart disease (iCHD) are not known. We aimed to identify circulating protein patterns associated with sleep duration and test their impact on incident cardiometabolic disease. METHODS We assessed sleep duration and measured 78 plasma proteins among 3336 participants aged 46-68 years, free from DM and CHD at baseline, and identified cases of iDM and iCHD using national registers. Incident events occurring in the first 3 years of follow-up were excluded from analyses. Tenfold cross-fit partialing-out lasso logistic regression adjusted for age and sex was used to identify proteins that significantly predicted sleep duration quintiles when compared with the referent quintile 3 (Q3). Predictive proteins were weighted and combined into proteomic scores (PS) for sleep duration Q1, Q2, Q4, and Q5. Combinations of PS were included in a linear regression model to identify the best predictors of habitual sleep duration. Cox proportional hazards regression models with sleep duration quintiles and sleep-predictive PS as the main exposures were related to iDM and iCHD after adjustment for known covariates. RESULTS Sixteen unique proteomic markers, predominantly reflecting inflammation and apoptosis, predicted sleep duration quintiles. The combination of PSQ1 and PSQ5 best predicted sleep duration. Mean follow-up times for iDM (n = 522) and iCHD (n = 411) were 21.8 and 22.4 years, respectively. Compared with sleep duration Q3, all sleep duration quintiles were positively and significantly associated with iDM. Only sleep duration Q1 was positively and significantly associated with iCHD. Inclusion of PSQ1 and PSQ5 abrogated the association between sleep duration Q1 and iDM. Moreover, PSQ1 was significantly associated with iDM (HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.06-1.53). PSQ1 and PSQ5 were not associated with iCHD and did not markedly attenuate the association between sleep duration Q1 with iCHD. CONCLUSIONS We here identify plasma proteomic fingerprints of sleep duration and suggest that PSQ1 could explain the association between very short sleep duration and incident DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Svensson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
- Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- Graduate School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kishi Svensson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
- Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Deryusheva EI, Machulin AV, Galzitskaya OV. Diversity and features of proteins with structural repeats. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1159-1169. [PMID: 37974986 PMCID: PMC10643770 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The review provides information on proteins with structural repeats, including their classification, characteristics, functions, and relevance in disease development. It explores methods for identifying structural repeats and specialized databases. The review also highlights the potential use of repeat proteins as drug design scaffolds and discusses their evolutionary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya I. Deryusheva
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Machulin
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Oxana V. Galzitskaya
- Institute of Protein Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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Pinto D, Parameswaran R. Role of Truncated O-GalNAc Glycans in Cancer Progression and Metastasis in Endocrine Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3266. [PMID: 37444377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are an essential part of cells, playing a fundamental role in many pathophysiological processes such as cell differentiation, adhesion, motility, signal transduction, host-pathogen interactions, tumour cell invasion, and metastasis development. These glycans are also able to exert control over the changes in tumour immunogenicity, interfering with tumour-editing events and leading to immune-resistant cancer cells. The incomplete synthesis of O-glycans or the formation of truncated glycans such as the Tn-antigen (Thomsen nouveau; GalNAcα- Ser/Thr), its sialylated version the STn-antigen (sialyl-Tn; Neu5Acα2-6GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) and the elongated T-antigen (Thomsen-Friedenreich; Galβ1-3GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) has been shown to be associated with tumour progression and metastatic state in many human cancers. Prognosis in various human cancers is significantly poor when they dedifferentiate or metastasise. Recent studies in glycobiology have shown truncated O-glycans to be a hallmark of cancer cells, and when expressed, increase the oncogenicity by promoting dedifferentiation, risk of metastasis by impaired adhesion (mediated by selectins and integrins), and resistance to immunological killing by NK cells. Insight into these truncated glycans provides a complimentary and attractive route for cancer antigen discovery. The recent emergence of immunotherapies against cancers is predicted to harness the potential of using such agents against cancer-associated truncated glycans. In this review, we explore the role of truncated O-glycans in cancer progression and metastasis along with some recent studies on the role of O-glycans in endocrine cancers affecting the thyroid and adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diluka Pinto
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Rajeev Parameswaran
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Serum Asprosin Level as a New Biomarker in Differentiating Familial Mediterranean Fever Attacks. Cureus 2023; 15:e35342. [PMID: 36846639 PMCID: PMC9947568 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a recessively inherited disease characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and sterile polyserositis. Recently, some proteins originating from adipose tissue have been demonstrated to play a critical role in the inflammatory process. Asprosin is a new adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, and proinflammatory cytokines have been determined to increase with the decrease of circulating asprosin. This study was designed to evaluate the level of asprosin in the acute attack and attack-free period in FMF patients. Materials and methods A total of 65 FMF patients were evaluated for this cross-sectional case-control study. Those who were obese and had concomitant diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure, and rheumatological disease were excluded from the study. The patients were divided into two groups: attack-free period and attack period. Fifteen healthy individuals who were not obese and had no additional disease were included as the control group. Demographic data, gene analyses, laboratory findings, and symptoms were recorded at the time of diagnosis. Serum asprosin level was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test in the outpatient clinic controls of the patients. Asprosin levels and other laboratory findings were compared between the attack, attack-free, and control groups. Results Of the patients included in the study, 50% were in the attack period, and 50% were in the free-attack period. The mean age of the FMF patients was 34±10 years. Asprosin level in the control [median (interquartile range (IQR))=30.4 (21.5-57.7) ng/mL] group was significantly higher than the attack [median (IQR)=21.5 (17.5-28) ng/mL] and attack-free [median (IQR)=19(18.7-23) ng/mL] groups (p=0.001). C-reactive protein and sedimentation levels were significantly higher in the attack group compared to the other two groups (p<0.001). There was a moderate correlation between C-reactive protein and asprosin levels (Ro=-0.314, p=0.01). The cut-off value of serum asprosin level was determined as 21.6 ng/mL; sensitivity was 78%, and specificity was 77% (p<0.001). Conclusion The study demonstrated that the serum asprosin levels of FMF patients with acute attack were lower than those in the attack-free periods and healthy controls. Asprosin is likely to have a role in the anti-inflammatory cascade.
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Marchesani S, Bertaina V, Marini O, Cossutta M, Di Mauro M, Rotulo GA, Palma P, Sabatini L, Petrone MI, Frati G, Monteleone G, Palumbo G, Ceglie G. Inflammatory status in pediatric sickle cell disease: Unravelling the role of immune cell subsets. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1075686. [PMID: 36703915 PMCID: PMC9871358 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1075686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The mutation of the beta-globin gene that causes sickle cell disease (SCD) results in pleiotropic effects, such as hemolysis and vaso-occlusive crisis that can induce inflammatory mechanisms with deleterious consequences on the organism. Moreover, SCD patients display an increased susceptibility to infections. Few studies are currently available that evaluate a wide immunological profile in a pediatric population. This study proposes an evaluation of the immune profile in subjects with SCD in a pediatric population through a detailed analysis by flow cytometry. Methods and Materials: Peripheral blood samples from 53 pediatric patients with SCD (mean age 9.8 years, interquartile range 9 years) were obtained and then analyzed by flow cytometry, in order to evaluate changes in the immune populations compared to 40 healthy donors (mean age 7.3 years, interquartile range 9.5 years). Results: Our data showed an increase in neutrophils (with a reduction in the CD62L + subpopulation) and monocytes (with a decrease in HLA-DRlow monocytes) with normal values of lymphocytes in SCD patients. In the lymphocyte subpopulations analysis we observed lower values of CD4+ T cells (with higher number of memory and central memory T lymphocytes) with increased frequency of CD8+ T cells (with a predominant naive pattern). Moreover, we observed higher values of CD39+ Tregs and lower HLA-DR+ and CD39- T cells with an increased Th17, Th1-17 and Th2 response. Conclusion: We observed immunological alterations typical of an inflammatory status (increase in activated neutrophils and monocytes) associated with a peculiar Treg pattern (probably linked to a body attempt to minimize inflammation intrinsic to SCD). Furthermore, we highlighted a T helper pathway associated with inflammation in line with other studies. Our data showed that immunological markers may have an important role in the understanding the pathophysiology of SCD and in optimizing targeted therapeutic strategies for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Marchesani
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Silvio Marchesani,
| | - Valentina Bertaina
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Olivia Marini
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Women’s and Children’s Health Department, Hematology-Oncology Clinic and Laboratory, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Cossutta
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Di Mauro
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Andrea Rotulo
- Clinical and Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Ophthalmology Genetics Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Palma
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Clinical and Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Sabatini
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Isabella Petrone
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Monteleone
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palumbo
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ceglie
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Radhakrishnan A, Chellapandian H, Ramasamy P, Jeyachandran S. Back2Basics: animal lectins: an insight into a highly versatile recognition protein. JOURNAL OF PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2023; 14:43-59. [PMID: 36597476 PMCID: PMC9799708 DOI: 10.1007/s42485-022-00102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of molecular research has contributed to the discovery of 'Lectin', a carbohydrate-binding protein which specifically interacts with receptors on surface glycan moieties that regulate various critical cellular activities. The first animal lectin reported was 'the asialoglycoprotein receptor' in mammalian cells which helped analyze how animal lectins differ in glycoconjugate binding. Animal lectins are classified into several families, depending on their diverse cellular localization, and the binding specificities of their Carbohydrate-Recognition Domain (CRD) modules. Earlier characterization of animal lectins classified them into two structural families, the C-type (Ca2+-dependent binding) and S-type galectins (sulfhydryl-dependent binding) lectins. The C-type lectin includes the most significant animal lectins, such as endocytic receptors, mannose receptors, selectins, and collectins. The recent developments in research based on the complexity of the carbohydrate ligands, the metabolic processes they perform, their expression levels, and their reliance on divalent cations have identified more than 100 animal lectins and classified them into around 13 different families, such as Calnexin, F-lectin, Intelectin, Chitinase-like lectin, F-box lectin, etc. Understanding their structure and expression patterns have aided in defining their significant functions including cell adhesion, antimicrobial activity, innate immunity, disease diagnostic biomarkers, and drug delivery through specific carbohydrate-protein interactions. Such extensive potential roles of animal lectins made it equally important to plant lectins among researchers. Hence, the review focuses on providing an overview of animal lectins, their taxonomy, structural characteristics, and functions in diverse aspects interconnected to their specific carbohydrate and glycoconjugate binding. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Radhakrishnan
- PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, National College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620001 India
| | - Hethesh Chellapandian
- PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, National College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620001 India
| | - Pasiyappazham Ramasamy
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077 India
| | - Sivakamavalli Jeyachandran
- PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, National College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620001 India
- Centre for Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077 India
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Luís C, Soares R, Fernandes R, Botelho M. Cell-adhesion Molecules as Key Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion: The Case of Breast Cancer. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:147-160. [PMID: 34365950 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210806155231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem worldwide and the second leading cause of death following cardiovascular diseases. Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women and one of the most common malignant neoplasms prompt to metastatic disease. In the present review, the mechanisms of the major cell adhesion molecules involved in tumor invasion are discussed, focusing on the case of breast cancer. A non-systematic updated revision of the literature was performed in order to assemble information regarding the expression of the adhesion cell molecules associated with metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Luís
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de investigação e inovação em saúde, i3s, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LABMI-PORTIC, Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Research, Technology and Innovation Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de investigação e inovação em saúde, i3s, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- Departament of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LABMI-PORTIC, Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Research, Technology and Innovation Center, Porto, Portu
| | - Mónica Botelho
- Instituto de investigação e inovação em saúde, i3s, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- National Health Institute Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LABMI-PORTIC, Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Research, Technology and Innovation Center, Porto, Portugal
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Nilsen DWT, Røysland M, Ueland T, Aukrust P, Michelsen AE, Staines H, Barvik S, Kontny F, Nordrehaug JE, Bonarjee VVS. The Effect of Protease-Activated Receptor-1 (PAR-1) Inhibition on Endothelial-Related Biomarkers in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Thromb Haemost 2022; 123:510-521. [PMID: 36588289 PMCID: PMC10113036 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vorapaxar has been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Pharmacodynamic biomarker research related to protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) inhibition with vorapaxar in humans has short follow-up (FU) duration and is mainly focused on platelets rather than endothelial cells. AIM This article assesses systemic changes in endothelial-related biomarkers during vorapaxar treatment compared with placebo at 30 days' FU and beyond, in patients with coronary heart disease. METHODS Local substudy patients in Norway were included consecutively from two randomized controlled trials; post-MI subjects from TRA2P-TIMI 50 and non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) patients from TRACER. Aliquots of citrated blood were stored at -80°C. Angiopoietin-2, angiopoietin-like 4, vascular endothelial growth factor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and -2 were measured at 1-month FU and at study completion (median 2.3 years for pooled patients). RESULTS A total of 265 consecutive patients (age median 62.0, males 83%) were included. Biomarkers were available at both FUs in 221 subjects. In the total population, angiopoietin-2 increased in patients on vorapaxar as compared with placebo at 1-month FU (p = 0.034). Angiopoietin-like 4 increased (p = 0.028) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 decreased (p = 0.025) in favor of vorapaxar at final FU. In post-MI subjects, a short-term increase in E-selectin favoring vorapaxar was observed, p = 0.029. Also, a short-term increase in von Willebrand factor (p = 0.032) favoring vorapaxar was noted in NSTEMI patients. CONCLUSION Significant endothelial biomarker changes during PAR-1 inhibition were observed in post-MI and NSTEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W T Nilsen
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michelle Røysland
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harry Staines
- Sigma Statistical Services, Balmullo, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ståle Barvik
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Frederic Kontny
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Drammen Heart Center, Drammen, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Nordrehaug
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Elkholy MM, Fahmi MW, El-Haggar SM. Dynamic changes in the levels of sCD62L and SPARC in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients during imatinib treatment. J Clin Pharm Ther 2022; 47:2115-2129. [PMID: 36053969 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) microenvironment is responsible for resistance of leukaemic cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitor, altered adhesion, increased proliferation and leukaemic cells growth and survival through the secretion of many soluble molecules. We aimed at monitoring soluble L-selectin (sCD62L) and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) levels in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (CP-CML) patients and assessing the impact of imatinib on these parameters. METHODS This prospective controlled clinical trial enrolled 35 subjects classified into two groups: control group included 10 healthy volunteers and CP-CML patients group included 25 newly diagnosed CP-CML patients received imatinib 400 mg once daily. sCD62L plasma levels, SPARC serum levels, breakpoint cluster region-Abelson1 (BCR-ABL1) %, complete blood count with differential, liver and kidney functions parameters were assessed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION At baseline, sCD62L and SPARC were significantly elevated in CP-CML patients (p < 0.05) compared to control group. After 3 months of treatment, sCD62L was non-significantly decreased (p > 0.05), while surprisingly SPARC was significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to baseline. Moreover, after 6 months of treatment, sCD62L was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and SPARC was non-significantly decreased (p > 0.05) compared to baseline. In addition, sCD62L was significantly correlated with WBCs and neutrophils counts, while SPARC was significantly correlated with lymphocytes count at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of imatinib treatment. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The elevated levels of sCD62L and SPARC at diagnosis in CP-CML patients could reflect their roles in CML pathogenesis and the dynamic changes in their levels during imatinib therapy might suppose additional mechanisms of action of imatinib beside inhibition of BCR-ABL. Furthermore, imatinib showed a significant impact on sCD62L and SPARC levels during treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohamed Elkholy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Salam University in Egypt, Kafr El-Zayat, Egypt
| | - Maryan Waheeb Fahmi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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12
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Xu L, Lu LL, Wang YT, Zhou JB, Wang CX, Xin JD, Gao JD. Endothelial injury and inflammation in patients with hyperuricemic nephropathy at chronic kidney disease stages 1-2 and 3-4. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:11766-11774. [PMID: 36405284 PMCID: PMC9669867 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i32.11766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial injury and inflammation are the main pathological changes in hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN); however, they have not been assessed in patients in the early, middle, and late phases of HN.
AIM To investigate endothelial injury and inflammatory conditions between patients with HN at chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-4 and CKD 1-2.
METHODS This study enrolled 80 patients (49 and 31 with HN at CKD stage 1-2 and 3-4, respectively) from the Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between July 2021 and January 2022. Plasma levels of heparan sulfate, endocan, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), E-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (slCAM1), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and urine levels of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), IL-1β, and IL-6 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay.
RESULTS Comparison between patients with HN at CKD 1-2 and those with HN at CKD 3-4 showed that age and disease course were significant factors (P < 0.001 and P < 0.010, respectively). There were no statistical differences in sex, heart rate, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The incidence of hypertension was also significant (P = 0.03). Plasma levels of heparin sulfate (P < 0.001), endocan (P = 0.034), E-selectin (P < 0.001), slCAM1 (P < 0.001), IL-1β (P = 0.006), and IL-6 (P = 0.004) and the urine levels of L-PGDS (P < 0.001), IL-1β (P = 0.003), and IL-6 (P < 0.001) were high in patients with HN at CKD 3-4 than in those with HN at CKD 1-2. The difference in plasma Ox-LDL levels was not significant (P = 0.078).
CONCLUSION Vascular endothelial injury and inflammation were higher in patients with HN at CKD3-4 than at CKD 1-2. Plasma heparin sulfate and slCAM1 levels are synergistic factors for CKD staging in HN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li-Li Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chuan-Xu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Dong Xin
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian-Dong Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Lopez AJ, ElSaadani M, Jacovides CL, George A, Culkin MC, Ahmed S, Kumar MA, Kaplan LJ, Smith DH, Pascual JL. Beta blockade in TBI: Dose-dependent reductions in BBB leukocyte mobilization and permeability in vivo. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2022; 92:781-791. [PMID: 35045056 PMCID: PMC9038675 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is accompanied by a hyperadrenergic catecholamine state that can cause penumbral neuroinflammation. Prospective human studies demonstrate improved TBI survival with beta blockade (bb), although mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that deranged post-TBI penumbral blood brain barrier (BBB) leukocyte mobilization and permeability are improved by bb. METHODS CD1 male mice (n = 64) were randomly assigned to severe TBI-controlled cortical impact: 6 m/s velocity, 1 mm depth, 3 mm diameter-or sham craniotomy, and IP injection of either saline or propranolol (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg) every 12 hours for 2 days. At 48 hours, in vivo pial intravital microscopy visualized live endothelial-leukocyte (LEU) interactions and BBB microvascular leakage. Twice daily clinical recovery was assessed by regaining of lost body weight and the Garcia Neurological Test (motor, sensory, reflex, balance assessments). Brain edema was determined by hemispheric wet-to-dry ratios. RESULTS Propranolol after TBI reduced both in vivo LEU rolling and BBB permeability in a dose-dependent fashion compared with no treatment (p < 0.001). Propranolol reduced cerebral edema (p < 0.001) and hastened recovery of lost body weight at 48 hours (p < 0.01). Compared with no treatment (14.9 ± 0.2), 24-hour Garcia Neurologic Test scores were improved with 2 (15.8 ± 0.2, p = 0.02) and 4 (16.1 ± 0.1, p = 0.001) but not with 1 mg/kg propranolol. CONCLUSION Propranolol administration reduces post-TBI LEU mobilization and microvascular permeability in the murine penumbral neurovasculature and leads to reduced cerebral edema. This is associated with hastened recovery of post-TBI weight loss and neurologic function with bb treatment. Dose-dependent effects frame a mechanistic relationship between bb and improved human outcomes after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J. Lopez
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohamed ElSaadani
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina L. Jacovides
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anastasia George
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew C. Culkin
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Syed Ahmed
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monisha A. Kumar
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lewis J. Kaplan
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas H. Smith
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jose L. Pascual
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Zeynaloo E, Stone LD, Dikici E, Ricordi C, Deo SK, Bachas LG, Daunert S, Lanzoni G. Delivery of therapeutic agents and cells to pancreatic islets: Towards a new era in the treatment of diabetes. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 83:101063. [PMID: 34961627 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet cells, and in particular insulin-producing beta cells, are centrally involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. These cells are of paramount importance for the endocrine control of glycemia and glucose metabolism. In Type 1 Diabetes, islet beta cells are lost due to an autoimmune attack. In Type 2 Diabetes, beta cells become dysfunctional and insufficient to counterbalance insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Therapeutic agents have been developed to support the function of islet cells, as well as to inhibit deleterious immune responses and inflammation. Most of these agents have undesired effects due to systemic administration and off-target effects. Typically, only a small fraction of therapeutic agent reaches the desired niche in the pancreas. Because islets and their beta cells are scattered throughout the pancreas, access to the niche is limited. Targeted delivery to pancreatic islets could dramatically improve the therapeutic effect, lower the dose requirements, and lower the side effects of agents administered systemically. Targeted delivery is especially relevant for those therapeutics for which the manufacturing is difficult and costly, such as cells, exosomes, and microvesicles. Along with therapeutic agents, imaging reagents intended to quantify the beta cell mass could benefit from targeted delivery. Several methods have been developed to improve the delivery of agents to pancreatic islets. Intra-arterial administration in the pancreatic artery is a promising surgical approach, but it has inherent risks. Targeted delivery strategies have been developed based on ligands for cell surface molecules specific to islet cells or inflamed vascular endothelial cells. Delivery methods range from nanocarriers and vectors to deliver pharmacological agents to viral and non-viral vectors for the delivery of genetic constructs. Several strategies demonstrated enhanced therapeutic effects in diabetes with lower amounts of therapeutic agents and lower off-target side effects. Microvesicles, exosomes, polymer-based vectors, and nanocarriers are gaining popularity for targeted delivery. Notably, liposomes, lipid-assisted nanocarriers, and cationic polymers can be bioengineered to be immune-evasive, and their advantages to transport cargos into target cells make them appealing for pancreatic islet-targeted delivery. Viral vectors have become prominent tools for targeted gene delivery. In this review, we discuss the latest strategies for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and imaging reagents to pancreatic islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Zeynaloo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Logan D Stone
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sapna K Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Leonidas G Bachas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Giacomo Lanzoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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15
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Jiménez VA, Navarrete KR, Duque-Noreña M, Marrugo KP, Contreras MA, Campos CH, Alderete JB. Rational Design of Novel Glycomimetic Peptides for E-Selectin Targeting. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:2463-2474. [PMID: 33929203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
E-selectin is a cell-adhesion receptor with specific recognition capacity toward sialo-fucosylated Lewis carbohydrates present in leukocytes and tumor cells. E-selectin interactions mediate the progress of inflammatory processes and tumor metastasis, which aroused the interest in using this protein as a biomolecular target to design glycomimetic inhibitors for active targeting or therapeutic purposes. In this work, we report the rational discovery of two novel glycomimetic peptides targeting E-selectin based on mutations of the reference selectin-binding peptide IELLQAR. Sixteen single or double mutants at Ile1, Leu3, Leu4, and Arg7 residues were evaluated as potential candidates for E-selectin targeting using 50 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Nine peptides showing a stable association with the functional pocket were modified by adding a cysteine residue to the N-terminus to confer versatility for further chemical conjugation. Subsequent 50 ns MD simulations resulted in five cysteine-modified peptides with retained or improved E-selectin binding potential. Then, 300 ns accelerated MD (aMD) simulations were used to examine the binding properties of the best five cysteine-modified peptides. CIEELQAR and CIELFQAR exhibit the most selective association with the functional pocket of E-selectin, as revealed by potential of mean force profiles. Microscale thermophoresis experiments confirmed the E-selectin binding capacity of the selected peptides with KD values in the low micromolar range (CIEELQAR KD = 35.0 ± 1.4 μM; CIELFQAR KD = 16.4 ± 0.7 μM), which are 25-fold lower than the reported value for the native ligand sLex (KD = 878 μM). Our findings support the potential of CIEELQAR and CIELFQAR as novel E-selectin-targeting peptides with high recognition capacity and versatility for chemical conjugation, which are critical for enabling future applications in active targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica A Jiménez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepción, Autopista Concepción- Talcahuano 7100, Talcahuano 4300866, Chile
| | - Karen R Navarrete
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepción, Autopista Concepción- Talcahuano 7100, Talcahuano 4300866, Chile
| | - Mario Duque-Noreña
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepción, Autopista Concepción- Talcahuano 7100, Talcahuano 4300866, Chile
| | - Kelly P Marrugo
- Departamento de Físico-química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile
| | - María A Contreras
- Laboratorio de Biofármacos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Cristian H Campos
- Departamento de Físico-química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile
| | - Joel B Alderete
- Instituto de Química de los Recursos Renovables, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay SN, Talca 3460000, Chile
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Muz B, Abdelghafer A, Markovic M, Yavner J, Melam A, Salama NN, Azab AK. Targeting E-selectin to Tackle Cancer Using Uproleselan. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:335. [PMID: 33477563 PMCID: PMC7831123 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
E-selectin is a vascular adhesion molecule expressed mainly on endothelium, and its primary role is to facilitate leukocyte cell trafficking by recognizing ligand surface proteins. E-selectin gained a new role since it was demonstrated to be involved in cancer cell trafficking, stem-like properties and therapy resistance. Therefore, being expressed in the tumor microenvironment, E-selectin can potentially be used to eradicate cancer. Uproleselan (also known as GMI-1271), a specific E-selectin antagonist, has been tested on leukemia, myeloma, pancreatic, colon and breast cancer cells, most of which involve the bone marrow as a primary or as a metastatic tumor site. This novel therapy disrupts the tumor microenvironment by affecting the two main steps of metastasis-extravasation and adhesion-thus blocking E-selectin reduces tumor dissemination. Additionally, uproleselan mobilized cancer cells from the protective vascular niche into the circulation, making them more susceptible to chemotherapy. Several preclinical and clinical studies summarized herein demonstrate that uproleselan has favorable safety and pharmacokinetics and is a tumor microenvironment-disrupting agent that improves the efficacy of chemotherapy, reduces side effects such as neutropenia, intestinal mucositis and infections, and extends overall survival. This review highlights the critical contribution of E-selectin and its specific antagonist, uproleselan, in the regulation of cancer growth, dissemination, and drug resistance in the context of the bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (B.M.); (A.A.); (M.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Anas Abdelghafer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (B.M.); (A.A.); (M.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Matea Markovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (B.M.); (A.A.); (M.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Jessica Yavner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (B.M.); (A.A.); (M.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Anupama Melam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (B.M.); (A.A.); (M.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Noha Nabil Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (B.M.); (A.A.); (M.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.)
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Yang L, Gao H, Wu K, Zhang H, Li C, Tang L. Identification of Cancerlectins By Using Cascade Linear Discriminant Analysis and Optimal g-gap Tripeptide Composition. Curr Bioinform 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893614666190730103156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Lectins are a diverse group of glycoproteins or glycoconjugate proteins
that can be extracted from plants, invertebrates and higher animals. Cancerlectins, a kind of lectins,
which play a key role in the process of tumor cells interacting with each other and are being employed
as therapeutic agents. A full understanding of cancerlectins is significant because it provides
a tool for the future direction of cancer therapy.
Objective:
To develop an accurate and practically useful timesaving tool to identify cancerlectins.
A novel sequence-based method is proposed along with a correlative webserver to access the proposed
tool.
Methods:
Firstly, protein features were extracted in a newly feature building way termed, g-gap
tripeptide composition. After which a proposed cascade linear discriminant analysis (Cascade
LDA) is used to alleviate the high dimensional difficulties with the Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA)
as a feature importance criterion. Finally, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as the classifier
to identify cancerlectins.
Results:
The proposed method achieved an accuracy of 91.34% with sensitivity of 89.89%, specificity
of 92.48% and an 0.8318 Mathew’s correlation coefficient based on only 13 fusion features
in jackknife cross validation, the result of which is superior to other published methods in this domain.
Conclusion:
In this study, a new method based only on primary structure of protein is proposed
and experimental results show that it could be a promising tool to identify cancerlectins. An openaccess
webserver is made available in this work to facilitate other related works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Yang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keyu Wu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Changyu Li
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixia Tang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Riccardi C, Napolitano E, Musumeci D, Montesarchio D. Dimeric and Multimeric DNA Aptamers for Highly Effective Protein Recognition. Molecules 2020; 25:E5227. [PMID: 33182593 PMCID: PMC7698228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivalent interactions frequently occur in biological systems and typically provide higher binding affinity and selectivity in target recognition than when only monovalent interactions are operative. Thus, taking inspiration by nature, bivalent or multivalent nucleic acid aptamers recognizing a specific biological target have been extensively studied in the last decades. Indeed, oligonucleotide-based aptamers are suitable building blocks for the development of highly efficient multivalent systems since they can be easily modified and assembled exploiting proper connecting linkers of different nature. Thus, substantial research efforts have been put in the construction of dimeric/multimeric versions of effective aptamers with various degrees of success in target binding affinity or therapeutic activity enhancement. The present review summarizes recent advances in the design and development of dimeric and multimeric DNA-based aptamers, including those forming G-quadruplex (G4) structures, recognizing different key proteins in relevant pathological processes. Most of the designed constructs have shown improved performance in terms of binding affinity or therapeutic activity as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticoagulant, and anticancer agents and their number is certainly bound to grow in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (E.N.); (D.M.); (D.M.)
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Sergio Pansini, 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (E.N.); (D.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (E.N.); (D.M.); (D.M.)
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (E.N.); (D.M.); (D.M.)
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Bilgir F, Bilgir O, Akan OY, Demir I. Adhesion molecules before and after propylthiouracil in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:1057-1061. [PMID: 32935798 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.8.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of propylthiouracil treatment on adhesion molecules in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism. METHODS In this study, a total of 168 patients diagnosed with subclinical hyperthyroidism were treated with propylthiouracil for one year. The levels of adhesion molecules, consisting of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sE-Selectin, before and after the treatment were measured and compared. These results were compared with the levels of 148 healthy controls who received a placebo. RESULTS sICAM-1 levels were significantly higher in subclinical hyperthyroidism patients than in healthy controls (*pa=0.000). sICAM-1 levels were significantly decreased after the treatment (**pb=0.000). Despite this decrease in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism, it did not decrease to the level of the control group. sVCAM-1 did not change before and after propylthiouracil treatment. The level of sE-selectin was similar to that of the pretreatment control group, but it did not have statistical significance, although it increased after the treatment (**pb=0.004). CONCLUSION The sICAM level was significantly higher than the pretreatment values and decreased after the propylthiouracil treatment. However, further studies are needed to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and cancer in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Bilgir
- . Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oktay Bilgir
- . Health Sciences University Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bozyaka, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozden Yildirim Akan
- . Health Sciences University Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bozyaka, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ismail Demir
- . Health Sciences University Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bozyaka, Izmir, Turkey
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20
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Hassan AA, Artemenko M, Tang MK, Wong AS. Selectins: An Important Family of Glycan-Binding Cell Adhesion Molecules in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082238. [PMID: 32785160 PMCID: PMC7463917 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. Unlike most other tumor types that metastasize via the vasculature, ovarian cancer metastasizes predominantly via the transcoelomic route within the peritoneal cavity. As cancer metastasis accounts for the majority of deaths, there is an urge to better understand its determinants. In the peritoneal cavity, tumor-mesothelial adhesion is an important step for cancer dissemination. Selectins are glycan-binding molecules that facilitate early steps of this adhesion cascade by mediating heterotypic cell-cell interaction under hydrodynamic flow. Here, we review the function and regulation of selectins in peritoneal carcinomatosis of ovarian cancer, and highlight how dysregulation of selectin ligand biogenesis affects disease outcome. Further, we will introduce the latest tools in studying selectin-glycan interaction. Finally, an overview of potential therapeutic intervention points that may lead to the development of efficacious therapies for ovarian cancer is provided.
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21
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Combes F, Meyer E, Sanders NN. Immune cells as tumor drug delivery vehicles. J Control Release 2020; 327:70-87. [PMID: 32735878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review article describes the use of immune cells as potential candidates to deliver anti-cancer drugs deep within the tumor microenvironment. First, the rationale of using drug carriers to target tumors and potentially decrease drug-related side effects is discussed. We further explain some of the current limitations when using nanoparticles for this purpose. Next, a comprehensive step-by-step description of the migration cascade of immune cells is provided as well as arguments on why immune cells can be used to address some of the limitations associated with nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery. We then describe the benefits and drawbacks of using red blood cells, platelets, granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, T cells and NK cells for tumor-targeted drug delivery. An additional section discusses the versatility of nanoparticles to load anti-cancer drugs into immune cells. Lastly, we propose increasing the circulatory half-life and development of conditional release strategies as the two main future pillars to improve the efficacy of immune cell-mediated drug delivery to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Combes
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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22
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Starzonek S, Maar H, Labitzky V, Wicklein D, Rossdam C, Buettner FFR, Wolters-Eisfeld G, Guengoer C, Wagener C, Schumacher U, Lange T. Systematic analysis of the human tumor cell binding to human vs. murine E- and P-selectin under static vs. dynamic conditions. Glycobiology 2020; 30:695-709. [PMID: 32103235 PMCID: PMC7443332 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial E- and P-selectins promote metastasis formation by interacting with sialyl-Lewis X and A (sLeX/sLeA) on circulating tumor cells. This interaction precedes extravasation and can take place under dynamic and static conditions. Metastasis formation is often studied in xenograft models. However, it is unclear whether species differences exist in the ligand specificity of human (h) vs. murine (m) selectins and whether different ligands are functional under dynamic vs. static conditions. We systematically compared the h vs. m E- and P-selectin (ESel/PSel) binding of a range of human tumor cells under dynamic vs. static conditions. The tumor cells were categorized by their sLeA/X status (sLeA+/sLeX+, sLeA−/sLeX+ and sLeA−/sLeX−). The general biological nature of the tumor–selectin interaction was analyzed by applying several tumor cell treatments (anti-sLeA/X blockade, neuraminidase, pronase and inhibition of O/N-glycosylation). We observed remarkable differences in the static vs. dynamic interaction of tumor cells with h vs. m ESel/PSel depending on their sLeA/X status. The tumor cell treatments mostly affected either static or dynamic as well as either h- or m-selectin interaction. mESel showed a higher diversity of potential ligands than hESel. Inhibition of O-GalNAc-glycosylation also affected glycosphingolipid synthesis. Summarized, different ligands on human tumor cells are functional under static vs. dynamic conditions and for the interaction with human vs. murine ESel/PSel. Non-canonical selectin ligands lacking the sLeA/X glycan epitopes exist on human tumor cells. These findings have important implications for the current development of glycomimetic, antimetastatic drugs and encourage the development of immunodeficient mice with humanized selectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Starzonek
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Maar
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vera Labitzky
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wicklein
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Rossdam
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Falk F R Buettner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerrit Wolters-Eisfeld
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, German
| | - Cenap Guengoer
- Department for General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Wagener
- Center for Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Taniguchi M, Ueda Y, Matsushita M, Nagaya S, Hashizume C, Arai K, Kabayama K, Fukase K, Watanabe K, Wardhani LO, Hayashi K, Okazaki T. Deficiency of sphingomyelin synthase 2 prolongs survival by the inhibition of lymphoma infiltration through ICAM-1 reduction. FASEB J 2020; 34:3838-3854. [PMID: 31970839 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901783rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) formation involving host cells and cancer cells through cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) is essential for the multiple steps of cancer metastasis and growth. Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) is involved in inflammatory diseases such as obesity and diabetes mellitus by regulation of the SM/ceramide balance. However, the involvement of SMS2 in TME formation and metastasis is largely unknown. Here, we report that SMS2-deficient (SMS2-KO) mice show suppressed the EL4 cell infiltration to liver and prolonged survival time. ICAM-1 was identified as a candidate for the inhibition of TME formation in immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (tMEFs) from mRNA array analysis for CAMs. Reduced SM/ceramide balance in SMS2-KO tMEFs suppressed the attachment of EL4 cells through transcriptional reduction of ICAM-1 by the inhibition of NF-κB activation. TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and subsequent induction of ICAM-1 were suppressed in SMS2-KO tMEFs but restored by SMS2 re-introduction. In the EL4 cell infiltration mouse model, EL4 injection increased ICAM-1 expression in WT liver but not in SMS2-KO mouse liver. Therefore, inhibition of SMS2 may be a therapeutic target to suppress the infiltration of malignant lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Yoshibumi Ueda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan.,Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Matsushita
- Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, University of Tottori, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shingo Nagaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Chieko Hashizume
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Kenta Arai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Project Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Project Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Watanabe
- Department of Bone and Joint Disease, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Lusi Oka Wardhani
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
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24
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Shinchi H, Nakamura T, Ota H, Nishihara S, Wakao M, Suda Y. Cell Profiling Based on Sugar‐Chain–Cell Binding Interaction and Its Application to Typing and Quality Verification of Cells. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1810-1816. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shinchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University 1-21-40 Kohrimoto Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University 1-21-40 Kohrimoto Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan
| | - Hayato Ota
- Graduate School of Engineering Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi Hachioji Tokyo 192-8577 Japan
| | - Shoko Nishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi Hachioji Tokyo 192-8577 Japan
| | - Masahiro Wakao
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University 1-21-40 Kohrimoto Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan
| | - Yasuo Suda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University 1-21-40 Kohrimoto Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan
- SUDx-Biotec Corporation 1-42-1 Shiroyama Kagoshima 890-0013 Japan
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25
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Landers-Ramos RQ, Sapp RM, Shill DD, Hagberg JM, Prior SJ. Exercise and Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:767-797. [PMID: 30892694 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autologous stem/progenitor cell-based methods to restore blood flow and function to ischemic tissues are clinically appealing for the substantial proportion of the population with cardiovascular diseases. Early preclinical and case studies established the therapeutic potential of autologous cell therapies for neovascularization in ischemic tissues. However, trials over the past ∼15 years reveal the benefits of such therapies to be much smaller than originally estimated and a definitive clinical benefit is yet to be established. Recently, there has been an emphasis on improving the number and function of cells [herein generally referred to as circulating angiogenic cells (CACs)] used for autologous cell therapies. CACs include of several subsets of circulating cells, including endothelial progenitor cells, with proangiogenic potential that is largely exerted through paracrine functions. As exercise is known to improve CV outcomes such as angiogenesis and endothelial function, much attention is being given to exercise to improve the number and function of CACs. Accordingly, there is a growing body of evidence that acute, short-term, and chronic exercise have beneficial effects on the number and function of different subsets of CACs. In particular, recent studies show that aerobic exercise training can increase the number of CACs in circulation and enhance the function of isolated CACs as assessed in ex vivo assays. This review summarizes the roles of different subsets of CACs and the effects of acute and chronic exercise on CAC number and function, with a focus on the number and paracrine function of circulating CD34+ cells, CD31+ cells, and CD62E+ cells. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:767-797, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rian Q Landers-Ramos
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Kinesiology, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan M Sapp
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Kinesiology, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel D Shill
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Kinesiology, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - James M Hagberg
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Kinesiology, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven J Prior
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Kinesiology, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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26
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Worrede A, Meucci O, Fatatis A. Limiting tumor seeding as a therapeutic approach for metastatic disease. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:117-128. [PMID: 30877019 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we propose that therapeutic targeting of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are widely understood to be the seeds of metastasis, would represent an effective strategy towards limiting numerical expansion of secondary lesions and containing overall tumor burden in cancer patients. However, the molecular mediators of tumor seeding have not been well characterized. This is in part due to the limited number of pre-clinical in vivo approaches that appropriately interrogate the mechanisms by which cancer cells home to arresting organs. It is critical that we continue to investigate the mediators of tumor seeding as it is evident that the ability of CTCs to colonize in distant sites is what drives disease progression even after the primary tumor has been ablated by local modalities. In addition to slowing disease progression, containing metastatic spread by impeding tumor cell seeding may also provide a clinical benefit by increasing the duration of the residence of CTCs in systemic circulation thereby increasing their exposure to pharmacological agents commonly used in the treatment of patients such as chemotherapy and immunotherapies. In this review we will examine the current state of knowledge about the mechanisms of tumor cells seeding as well as explore how targeting this stage of metastatic spreading may provide therapeutic benefit to patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asurayya Worrede
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Program in Prostate Cancer, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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27
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Lee HJ, Ehlerding EB, Cai W. Antibody-Based Tracers for PET/SPECT Imaging of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Chembiochem 2019; 20:422-436. [PMID: 30240550 PMCID: PMC6377337 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are often progressive, resulting not only in physical damage to patients but also social and economic burdens, making early diagnosis of them critical. Nuclear medicine techniques can enhance the detection of inflammation by providing functional as well as anatomical information when combined with other modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography or ultrasonography. Although small molecules and peptides were mainly used for the treatment and imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in the past, antibodies and their fragments have also been emerging for chronic inflammatory diseases as they show high specificity to their targets and can have various biological half-lives depending on how they are engineered. In addition, imaging with antibodies or their fragments can visualize the in vivo biodistribution of the probes or help monitor therapeutic responses, thereby providing physicians with a greater understanding of drug behavior in vivo and another means of monitoring their patients. In this review, we introduce various targets and radiolabeled antibody-based probes for the molecular imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. Targets can be classified into three different categories: 1) cell-adhesion molecules, 2) surface markers on immune cells, and 3) cytokines or enzymes. The limitations and future directions of using radiolabeled antibodies for imaging inflammatory diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
| | - Emily B. Ehlerding
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
- Department of Radiology and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
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28
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Chen L, Welty-Wolf KE, Kraft BD. Nonhuman primate species as models of human bacterial sepsis. Lab Anim (NY) 2019; 48:57-65. [PMID: 30643274 PMCID: PMC6613635 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-018-0217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis involves a disordered host response to systemic infection leading to high morbidity and mortality. Despite intense research, targeted sepsis therapies beyond antibiotics have remained elusive. The cornerstone of sepsis research is the development of animal models to mimic human bacterial infections and test novel pharmacologic targets. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) have served as an attractive, but expensive, animal to model human bacterial infections due to their nearly identical cardiopulmonary anatomy and physiology, as well as host response to infection. Several NHP species have provided substantial insight into sepsis-mediated inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, acute lung injury, and multi-organ failure. The use of NHPs has usually focused on translating therapies from early preclinical models to human clinical trials. However, despite successful sepsis interventions in NHP models, there are still no FDA-approved sepsis therapies. This review highlights major NHP models of bacterial sepsis and their relevance to clinical medicine. Treatment for bacterial sepsis remains limited beyond the use of antibiotics. Lingye Chen, Karen Welty-Wolf, and Bryan Kraft review nonhuman primate models of sepsis and highlight their advantages and limitations compared to other preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingye Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Karen E Welty-Wolf
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bryan D Kraft
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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29
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Cavada BS, Pinto-Junior VR, Osterne VJS, Nascimento KS. ConA-Like Lectins: High Similarity Proteins as Models to Study Structure/Biological Activities Relationships. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010030. [PMID: 30577614 PMCID: PMC6337138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins are a widely studied group of proteins capable of specific and reversible binding to carbohydrates. Undoubtedly, the best characterized are those extracted from plants of the Leguminosae family. Inside this group of proteins, those from the Diocleinae subtribe have attracted attention, in particular Concanavalin A (ConA), the best-studied lectin of the group. Diocleinae lectins, also called ConA-like lectins, present a high similarity of sequence and three-dimensional structure and are known to present inflammatory, vasoactive, antibiotic, immunomodulatory and antitumor activities, among others. This high similarity of lectins inside the ConA-like group makes it possible to use them to study structure/biological activity relationships by the variability of both carbohydrate specificity and biological activities results. It is in this context the following review aims to summarize the most recent data on the biochemical and structural properties, as well as biological activities, of ConA-like lectins and the use of these lectins as models to study structure/biological activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benildo S Cavada
- BioMol-Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE 60440-970, Brazil.
| | - Vanir R Pinto-Junior
- BioMol-Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE 60440-970, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius J S Osterne
- BioMol-Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE 60440-970, Brazil.
| | - Kyria S Nascimento
- BioMol-Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE 60440-970, Brazil.
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30
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Xu J, Seung-Young Lee S, Seo H, Pang L, Jun Y, Zhang RY, Zhang ZY, Kim P, Lee W, Kron SJ, Yeo Y. Quinic Acid-Conjugated Nanoparticles Enhance Drug Delivery to Solid Tumors via Interactions with Endothelial Selectins. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1803601. [PMID: 30411856 PMCID: PMC6361670 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Current nanoparticle (NP) drug carriers mostly depend on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for selective drug delivery to solid tumors. However, in the absence of a persistent EPR effect, the peritumoral endothelium can function as an access barrier to tumors and negatively affect the effectiveness of NPs. In recognition of the peritumoral endothelium as a potential barrier in drug delivery to tumors, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs are modified with a quinic acid (QA) derivative, synthetic mimic of selectin ligands. QA-decorated NPs (QA-NP) interact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells expressing E-/P-selectins and induce transient increase in endothelial permeability to translocate across the layer. QA-NP reach selectin-upregulated tumors, achieving greater tumor accumulation and paclitaxel (PTX) delivery than polyethylene glycol-decorated NPs (PEG-NP). PTX-loaded QA-NP show greater anticancer efficacy than Taxol or PTX-loaded PEG-NP at the equivalent PTX dose in different animal models and dosing regimens. Repeated dosing of PTX-loaded QA-NP for two weeks results in complete tumor remission in 40-60% of MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice, while those receiving control treatments succumb to death. QA-NP can exploit the interaction with selectin-expressing peritumoral endothelium and deliver anticancer drugs to tumors to a greater extent than the level currently possible with the EPR effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA,
| | - Steve Seung-Young Lee
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cellular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, GCIS W519, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Howon Seo
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Liang Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yearin Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruo-Yu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen J. Kron
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cellular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, GCIS W519, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, ; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Ferraro M, Silberreis K, Mohammadifar E, Neumann F, Dernedde J, Haag R. Biodegradable Polyglycerol Sulfates Exhibit Promising Features for Anti-inflammatory Applications. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4524-4533. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Ferraro
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Silberreis
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, CVK Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ehsan Mohammadifar
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Falko Neumann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, CVK Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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D'Antoni ML, Mitchell BI, McCurdy S, Byron MM, Ogata-Arakaki D, Chow D, Mehta NN, Boisvert WA, Lefebvre E, Shikuma CM, Ndhlovu LC, Baumer Y. Cenicriviroc inhibits trans-endothelial passage of monocytes and is associated with impaired E-selectin expression. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:1241-1252. [PMID: 30088682 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5a0817-328rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidences of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are high among virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals. Monocyte activation and trafficking are key mechanisms in the evolution of CVD. We studied the ability of cenicriviroc (CVC), a dual C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) and CCR5 antagonist, to influence the migration of monocytes from HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Monocytes were derived from 23 ART-suppressed HIV-infected and 16 HIV-uninfected donors. In a trans-endothelial migration model, monocytes, and human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) were exposed to cenicriviroc and migrated monocytes, quantified. Expression of CCR2 and CCR5 on monocytes and adhesion molecules (E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, PECAM-1, and CD99) on HAoECs were measured. The single antagonists, BMS-22 (CCR2), and maraviroc (CCR5), served as controls. When both HAoECs and monocytes together were exposed to the antagonists, cenicriviroc led to a greater decrease in monocyte migration compared to BMS-22 or vehicle in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected groups (P < 0.05), with maraviroc having no inhibitory effect. Cenicriviroc treatment of HAoECs alone decreased monocyte migration in the HIV-infected group when compared to vehicle (P < 0.01). Inhibition of migration was not evident when monocytes alone were exposed to cenicriviroc, BMS-22 or maraviroc. Incubation of HAoECs with cenicriviroc decreased E-selectin expression (P = 0.045) but had limited effects on the other adhesion molecules. Cenicriviroc inhibits monocyte trans-endothelial migration more effectively than single chemokine receptor blockade, which may be mediated via disruption of monocyte-endothelial tethering through reduced E-selectin expression. Cenicriviroc should be considered as a therapeutic intervention to reduce detrimental monocyte trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L D'Antoni
- Hawaii Center for HIV/AIDS, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA.,Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Brooks I Mitchell
- Hawaii Center for HIV/AIDS, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA.,Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Sara McCurdy
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA
| | - Mary Margaret Byron
- Hawaii Center for HIV/AIDS, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA.,Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | - Dominic Chow
- Hawaii Center for HIV/AIDS, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William A Boisvert
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA
| | | | | | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Hawaii Center for HIV/AIDS, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA.,Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- Hawaii Center for HIV/AIDS, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA.,Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA.,Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Alimbetov D, Askarova S, Umbayev B, Davis T, Kipling D. Pharmacological Targeting of Cell Cycle, Apoptotic and Cell Adhesion Signaling Pathways Implicated in Chemoresistance of Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061690. [PMID: 29882812 PMCID: PMC6032165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs target a physiological differentiating feature of cancer cells as they tend to actively proliferate more than normal cells. They have well-known side-effects resulting from the death of highly proliferative normal cells in the gut and immune system. Cancer treatment has changed dramatically over the years owing to rapid advances in oncology research. Developments in cancer therapies, namely surgery, radiotherapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy and selective treatment methods due to better understanding of tumor characteristics, have significantly increased cancer survival. However, many chemotherapeutic regimes still fail, with 90% of the drug failures in metastatic cancer treatment due to chemoresistance, as cancer cells eventually develop resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Chemoresistance is caused through genetic mutations in various proteins involved in cellular mechanisms such as cell cycle, apoptosis and cell adhesion, and targeting those mechanisms could improve outcomes of cancer therapy. Recent developments in cancer treatment are focused on combination therapy, whereby cells are sensitized to chemotherapeutic agents using inhibitors of target pathways inducing chemoresistance thus, hopefully, overcoming the problems of drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the role of cell cycle, apoptosis and cell adhesion in cancer chemoresistance mechanisms, possible drugs to target these pathways and, thus, novel therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dauren Alimbetov
- Laboratory of bioengineering and regenerative medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Z05H0P9 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Sholpan Askarova
- Laboratory of bioengineering and regenerative medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Z05H0P9 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- Laboratory of bioengineering and regenerative medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Z05H0P9 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Terence Davis
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - David Kipling
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Abstract
Thrombosis is a frequent issue in cancer patients. Tumor-induced platelet activation and coagulation does not only constitute a significant risk for thrombosis, but also contribute to tumor progression by promoting critical processes such as angiogenesis and metastasis. In addition to their role in hemostasis, platelets are increasingly recognized as regulators of inflammation. By modulating the immune system, platelets regulate several aspects of cancer-associated pathology. Platelets influence the inflammatory response in cancer by affecting the activation status of the endothelium and by recruiting leukocytes to primary and metastatic tumor sites, as well as to distant organs unaffected by tumor growth. Furthermore, platelets participate in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which can promote metastasis, thrombosis, and contribute to organ failure. In this review, we discuss the role of platelets as coordinators of the immune system during malignant disease and the potential of targeting platelets to prevent cancer-associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Olsson
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology , Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - J Cedervall
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology , Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center , Uppsala , Sweden
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Docheva N, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Tarca AL, Bhatti G, Pacora P, Panaitescu B, Chaiyasit N, Chaiworapongsa T, Maymon E, Hassan SS, Erez O. The profiles of soluble adhesion molecules in the "great obstetrical syndromes" . J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2113-2136. [PMID: 29320948 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1427058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the profiles of maternal plasma soluble adhesion molecules in patients with preeclampsia, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses, acute pyelonephritis, preterm labor with intact membranes (PTL), preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (preterm PROM), and fetal death. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine maternal plasma concentrations of sE-selectin, sL-selectin, and sP-selectin as well as sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sPECAM-1 in patients with (1) an uncomplicated pregnancy (control, n = 100); (2) preeclampsia (n = 94); (3) SGA fetuses (in women without preeclampsia/hypertension, n = 45); (4) acute pyelonephritis (n = 25); (5) PTL (n = 53); (6) preterm PROM (n = 24); and (7) fetal death (n = 34). Concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8) were determined with sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunoassays. RESULTS In comparison to women with a normal pregnancy, (1) women with preeclampsia had higher median concentrations of sE-selectin, sP-selectin, and sVCAM-1, and a lower concentration of sL-selectin (all p values < .001); (2) patients with SGA fetuses had higher median concentrations of sE-selectin, sP-selectin, and sVCAM-1 (all p values < .05); (3) patients with a fetal death had higher median concentrations of sE-selectin and sP-selectin (all p values < .05); (4) patients with acute pyelonephritis had higher median plasma concentrations of sE-selectin, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 (all p values < .001); (5) patients with preeclampsia and acute pyelonephritis, plasma concentrations of sVCAM-1, sE-selectin, and sP-selectin correlated with those of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-8 (all p values < .05); (6) patients with PTL had a higher median concentration of sP-selectin and a lower median concentration of VCAM-1 (all p values < .05); and (7) women with preterm PROM had lower median concentrations of sL-selectin and sVCAM-1 (all p values < .05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that endothelial cell activation/dysfunction reflected by the plasma concentration of sE-selectin is not specific to preeclampsia but is present in pregnancies complicated by SGA fetuses, acute pyelonephritis, and fetal death. Collectively, we report that each obstetrical syndrome appears to have a stereotypical profile of soluble adhesion molecules in the peripheral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Docheva
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,d Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA.,e Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Adi L Tarca
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Percy Pacora
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Noppadol Chaiyasit
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Eli Maymon
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beersheba , Israel
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,g Department of Physiology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Offer Erez
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beersheba , Israel
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Zhu T, Hu X, Wei P, Shan G. Molecular background of the regional lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3409-3414. [PMID: 29556271 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest types of cancer in the world. Lymph node (LN) metastasis is a complex and malignant behavior of GC, involving a sequence of biological processes, including decreased adherence to adjacent cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and lymphatic channel permeation. LN metastasis is directly associated with the treatment response, local recurrence and long-term survival of patients with GC. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms of LN metastasis in GC development require further investigation. Recently, a large number of clinical studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms and biological markers of tumor invasion and metastasis. However, few articles have broadly summarized LN metastasis in GC, and the molecular mechanisms of LN metastasis are not yet fully understood. In the present review, the molecular mechanisms of LN metastasis in GC will be discussed, including the following aspects: Cell adhesion and movement, ECM degradation, new vessel formation, and molecular pattern differences between metastatic LNs and the primary tumor. This review may lead to a better understanding of LN metastasis in GC, and the identification of new diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xueqian Hu
- Department of Oncology, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Pinkang Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Guangzhi Shan
- Department of Oncology, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
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Volz KR, Evans KD, Kanner CD, Buford JA, Freimer M, Sommerich CM, Basso DM. Molecular Ultrasound Imaging for the Detection of Neural Inflammation: A Longitudinal Dosing Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479317736250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Molecular ultrasound imaging provides the ability to detect physiologic processes noninvasively by targeting a variety of biomarkers in vivo. The current study was performed by exploiting an inflammatory biomarker, P-selectin, known to be present following spinal cord injury. Using a murine model (n = 6), molecular ultrasound imaging was performed using contrast microbubbles modified to target and adhere to P-selectin, prior to spinal cord injury (0D), acute stage postinjury (7D), and chronic stage (42D). Additionally, two imaging sessions were performed on each subject at specific time points, using doses of 30 μL and 100 μL. Upon analysis, targeted contrast analysis parameters were appreciably increased during the 7D scan compared with the 42D scan, without statistical significance. When examining the dose levels, the 30-μL dose demonstrated greater values than the 100-μL dose but lacked statistical significance. These findings provide additional preclinical evidence for the use of molecular ultrasound imaging for the possible detection of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Volz
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin D. Evans
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - John A. Buford
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Miriam Freimer
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - D. Michele Basso
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Velleman SG, Song Y. Development and Growth of the Avian Pectoralis Major (Breast) Muscle: Function of Syndecan-4 and Glypican-1 in Adult Myoblast Proliferation and Differentiation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:577. [PMID: 28848451 PMCID: PMC5550705 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle fiber number is determined around the time hatch with continued posthatch muscle growth being mediated by the adult myoblast, satellite cell, population of cells. Satellite cells are dynamic in their expression of proteins including the cell membrane associated proteoglycans, syndecan-4 and glypican-1. These proteoglycans play roles in organizing the extracellular environment in the satellite cell niche, cytoskeletal structure, cell-to-cell adhesion, satellite cell migration, and signal transduction. This review article focuses on syndecan-4 and glypican-1 as both are capable of regulating satellite cell responsiveness to fibroblast growth factor 2. Fibroblast growth factor 2 is a potent stimulator of muscle cell proliferation and a strong inhibitor of differentiation. Proteoglycans are composed of a central core protein defined functional domains, and covalently attached glycosaminoglycans and N-glycosylation chains. The functional association of these components with satellite cell function is discussed as well as an emerging role for microRNA regulation of syndecan-4 and glypican-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra G Velleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State UniversityWooster, OH, United States
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, United States
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Hassani-Ardekani H, Niroomand-Oscuii H, Nikbin E, Shamloo A. Molecular dynamics simulation of the dissociation mechanism of P-selectin from PSGL-1. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633617500353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between P-selectin, expressed on activated endothelium, and its counterpart P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), expressed on leukocytes, play a pivotal role in adhesive events that recruit circulating leukocytes toward inflamed or injured tissues. Atomistic understanding of the association and dissociation of these bonds under blood flow is necessary to define the underlying mechanism. In this study, steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations were applied to investigate the conformational changes of P-LE/SGP-3 construct (an effective binding unit of the P-selectin/PSGL-1 complex) under stretching with constant velocity. In the present simulations, a self-built force field parameterization was developed for sulfated tyrosine by using force field toolkit of Visual Molecular Dynamics (VMD) program. A dissociation mechanism was represented by analyzing the nonbonded energies between interface residues. The results indicate that the salt bridges between P-LE and SGP-3 and the hydrogen bonds between ion Ca[Formula: see text] and residue fucose of glycan group of PSGL-1 and also between sulfated tyrosine residues are the most effective bonds in binding. Finally, potential of mean force (PMF) was calculated by averaging the outcomes of eight independent runs and the results were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Hassani-Ardekani
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Nikbin
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Chen L, Yang J, Xing Z, Yuan F, Shu Y, Zhang Y, Kong X, Huang T, Li H, Cai YD. An integrated method for the identification of novel genes related to oral cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175185. [PMID: 28384236 PMCID: PMC5383255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a significant public health problem worldwide. Complete identification of genes related to one type of cancer facilitates earlier diagnosis and effective treatments. In this study, two widely used algorithms, the random walk with restart algorithm and the shortest path algorithm, were adopted to construct two parameterized computational methods, namely, an RWR-based method and an SP-based method; based on these methods, an integrated method was constructed for identifying novel disease genes. To validate the utility of the integrated method, data for oral cancer were used, on which the RWR-based and SP-based methods were trained, thereby building two optimal methods. The integrated method combining these optimal methods was further adopted to identify the novel genes of oral cancer. As a result, 85 novel genes were inferred, among which eleven genes (e.g., MYD88, FGFR2, NF-κBIA) were identified by both the RWR-based and SP-based methods, 70 genes (e.g., BMP4, IFNG, KITLG) were discovered only by the RWR-based method and four genes (L1R1, MCM6, NOG and CXCR3) were predicted only by the SP-based method. Extensive analyses indicate that several novel genes have strong associations with cancers, indicating the effectiveness of the integrated method for identifying disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Xing
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Science & Technology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Shu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - YunHua Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiangYin Kong
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TH); (HPL); (YDC)
| | - HaiPeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TH); (HPL); (YDC)
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TH); (HPL); (YDC)
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42
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Abstract
Lymphocytes are the key effector cells of the adaptive immune response but are also implicated in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and allergy. In order to understand the mechanisms responsible for the global increase in such debilitating conditions it is vital to appreciate the complexity of immune cell trafficking into tissue under normal and inflamed conditions. In this chapter we introduce the mechanisms of immune cell recruitment into tissue and highlight how these processes have been targeted by new therapeutic entities based on blocking integrin or chemokine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia F Lalor
- Centre for Liver Research, Immunity and Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Wolfson Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Elizabeth A Hepburn
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Cheltenham General Hospital, Sandford Road, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, GL53 7AN, UK
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Bøkenes L, Alexandersen TE, Tveita T, Osterud B, Mercer JB. Physiological and hematological responses to cold exposure in young subjects. Int J Circumpolar Health 2016; 63:115-28. [PMID: 15253478 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v63i2.17698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we have investigated the effect of cold exposure on young healthy subjects, with particular emphasis on the hematological system. STUDY DESIGN The lightly clothed subjects were seated in a thermally controlled climatic chamber for three hours. METHODS One group (control) was exposed to three hours at 28 degrees C, while the other group was first exposed to one hour at 28 degrees C, and then two hours of decreasing temperature, ending at 6 degrees C. Mean body temperature decreased, blood pressure increased, and metabolism increased by 60% in the cold exposure group compared to the control group. Blood samples were taken through an arterial catheter every hour during the exposure, one hour before and 1.5, 3 and 25 hours after the exposure. RESULTS Red blood cell counts increased, due to hemo-concentration. In the cold neutrophil counts did not increase during the day, but were stable at a lower level compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that the cold induced decrease in neutrophil count is caused by an activation and increased adhesion of the neutrophils to the endothelial wall. This finding is supported by the cold exposure-induced increases in IL-8 and Thromboxane B2 in LPS-stimulated blood, and an increase in the plasma concentration of P-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Bøkenes
- Department of Medical Physiology, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway.
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44
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Stähli BE, Gebhard C, Duchatelle V, Cournoyer D, Petroni T, Tanguay JF, Robb S, Mann J, Guertin MC, Wright RS, L L'Allier P, Tardif JC. Effects of the P-Selectin Antagonist Inclacumab on Myocardial Damage After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention According to Timing of Infusion: Insights From the SELECT-ACS Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e004255. [PMID: 27852589 PMCID: PMC5210344 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Effects of the P-Selectin Antagonist Inclacumab on Myocardial Damage After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (SELECT-ACS) trial suggested beneficial effects of inclacumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against P-selectin, on periprocedural myocardial damage. This study evaluated the effect of inclacumab on myocardial damage according to varying time intervals between study drug infusion and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS AND RESULTS Patients (n=544) enrolled in the SELECT-ACS trial and randomized to receive 1 infusion of placebo or inclacumab (5 or 20 mg/kg, administered between 1 and 24 hours before PCI) were divided according to the time interval between study drug infusion and PCI. The primary end point was the change in troponin I from baseline at 16 and 24 hours after PCI. In patients receiving inclacumab 20 mg/kg with a short (less than median) time interval between infusion and PCI, placebo-adjusted geometric mean percent changes in troponin I, creatine kinase-myocardial band, and peak troponin I at 24 hours were -45.6% (P=0.005), -30.7% (P=0.01), and -37.3% (P=0.02), respectively. No significant changes were observed in patients with a long (greater than median) time interval between infusion and PCI. Placebo-adjusted geometric mean percent changes in troponin I and creatine kinase-myocardial band were -43.5% (P=0.02) and -26.0% (P=0.07), respectively, when inclacumab 20 mg/kg was administered between 1 and 3 hours before PCI, whereas the drug had no effect with longer intervals. CONCLUSIONS Inclacumab 20 mg/kg significantly reduces myocardial damage after PCI in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and benefits are larger when the infusion is administered <3 hours before PCI. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01327183.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Stähli
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Daniel Cournoyer
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC), Montreal, Canada
| | - Thibaut Petroni
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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45
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Vallely MP, Bannon PG, Hughes CF, Kritharides L. Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules and Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/021849230100900429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell activation and the cell surface expression of adhesion molecules are considered to be crucial steps in the systemic inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass. Endothelial cell adhesion molecules mediate the process of leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium and their subsequent transmigration and degranulation in the subendothelial tissues. The levels of soluble endothelial adhesion molecules in plasma have been used to draw conclusions regarding the cell surface expression of these molecules; the limitations of such studies are discussed. Inhibition of cell adhesion molecules may prevent the inflammatory condition caused by cardiopulmonary bypass and reperfusion injury. Further studies are needed to define the role of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in this inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Vallely
- Clinical Research Group The Heart Research Institute Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Baird Centre for Heart and Lung Research Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cardiothoracic Surgical Units Royal Prince Alfred and Strathfield Private Hospitals Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul G Bannon
- The Baird Centre for Heart and Lung Research Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cardiothoracic Surgical Units Royal Prince Alfred and Strathfield Private Hospitals Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clifford F Hughes
- The Baird Centre for Heart and Lung Research Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cardiothoracic Surgical Units Royal Prince Alfred and Strathfield Private Hospitals Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leonard Kritharides
- Clinical Research Group The Heart Research Institute Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology Concord Hospital Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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46
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Tanino Y, Hashimoto T, Ojima T, Mizuno M. F-fucoidan from Saccharina japonica is a novel inducer of galectin-9 and exhibits anti-allergic activity. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 59:25-30. [PMID: 27499575 PMCID: PMC4933687 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide from brown sea algae. In the present study, it was demonstrated that oral administration of F-fucoidan from Saccharina japonica possessed anti-allergic effects using the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction, but not by intraperitoneal administration. The inhibitory mechanism was dependent on galectin-9, which belongs to a soluble lectin family that recognizes β-galactoside and prevents IgE binding to mast cells. The anti-allergy properties of F-fucoidan were cancelled by an intravenous dose of anti-galectin-9 antibody or lactose, which bind competitively with galectin-9 before the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. F-fucoidan increased the expression level of galectin-9 mRNA in intestinal epithelial cells and serum galectin-9 levels. Oral treatment with F-fucoidan suppressed allergic symptoms through the induction of galectin-9. This is the first report that F-fucoidan can induce the secretion of galectin-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tanino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takao Ojima
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizuno
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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47
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Sackstein R. Fulfilling Koch's postulates in glycoscience: HCELL, GPS and translational glycobiology. Glycobiology 2016; 26:560-70. [PMID: 26933169 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoscience-based research that is performed expressly to address medical necessity and improve patient outcomes is called "translational glycobiology". In the 19th century, Robert Koch proposed a set of postulates to rigorously establish causality in microbial pathogenesis, and these postulates can be reshaped to guide knowledge into how naturally-expressed glycoconjugates direct molecular processes critical to human well-being. Studies in the 1990s indicated that E-selectin, an endothelial lectin that binds sialofucosylated carbohydrate determinants, is constitutively expressed on marrow microvessels, and investigations in my laboratory indicated that human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) uniquely express high levels of a specialized glycoform of CD44 called "hematopoietic cell E-/L-selectin ligand" (HCELL) that functions as a highly potent E-selectin ligand. To assess the role of HCELL in directing HSC migration to marrow, a method called "glycosyltransferase-programmed stereosubstitution" (GPS) was developed to custom-modify CD44 glycans to enforce HCELL expression on viable cell surfaces. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are devoid of E-selectin ligands, but GPS-based glycoengineering of CD44 on MSCs licenses homing of these cells to marrow in vivo, providing direct evidence that HCELL serves as a "bone marrow homing receptor". This review will discuss the molecular basis of cell migration in historical context, will describe the discovery of HCELL and its function as the bone marrow homing receptor, and will inform on how glycoengineering of CD44 serves as a model for adapting Koch's postulates to elucidate the key roles that glycoconjugates play in human biology and for realizing the immense impact of translational glycobiology in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sackstein
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Skin Disease Research Center Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Room 671, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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48
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Garay J, Piazuelo MB, Majumdar S, Li L, Trillo-Tinoco J, Del Valle L, Schneider BG, Delgado AG, Wilson KT, Correa P, Zabaleta J. The homing receptor CD44 is involved in the progression of precancerous gastric lesions in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori and in development of mucous metaplasia in mice. Cancer Lett 2016; 371:90-8. [PMID: 26639196 PMCID: PMC4714604 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) leads to inflammatory events that can promote gastric cancer development. Immune cells transition from the circulation into the infected mucosa through the interaction of their receptors and ligands in the endothelial compartment. CD44 expression is increased in advanced gastric lesions. However, the association of this molecule with the progression of these lesions over time has not been investigated. In addition, there is a lack of understanding of the CD44-dependent cellular processes that lead to gastritis, and possibly to gastric cancer. Here we studied H. pylori-positive subjects with gastric lesions that ranged from multifocal atrophic gastritis to dysplasia to determine gene expression changes associated with disease progression over a period of 6 years. We report that CD44 expression is significantly increased in individuals whose gastric lesions progressed along the gastric precancerous cascade. We also show that CD44-/- mice develop less severe and less extensive H. pylori-induced metaplasia, and show fewer infiltrating Gr1+ cells compared to wild type mice. We present data suggesting that CD44 is associated with disease progression. Mechanisms associated with these effects include induction of interferon gamma responses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gastric Mucosa/immunology
- Gastric Mucosa/metabolism
- Gastric Mucosa/microbiology
- Gastric Mucosa/pathology
- Gastritis, Atrophic/diagnosis
- Gastritis, Atrophic/genetics
- Gastritis, Atrophic/immunology
- Gastritis, Atrophic/metabolism
- Gastritis, Atrophic/microbiology
- Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis
- Helicobacter Infections/genetics
- Helicobacter Infections/immunology
- Helicobacter Infections/metabolism
- Helicobacter Infections/microbiology
- Helicobacter pylori/immunology
- Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics
- Hyaluronan Receptors/immunology
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis
- Precancerous Conditions/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/immunology
- Precancerous Conditions/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/microbiology
- Signal Transduction
- Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/immunology
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Jone Garay
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sumana Majumdar
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Luis Del Valle
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Pathology, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Barbara G Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, LSUHSC New Orleans, LA, USA.
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49
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Sun G, Liu K, Wang X, Liu X, He Q, Hsiao CD. Identification and Expression Analysis of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) E-Selectin during Embryonic Development. Molecules 2015; 20:18539-50. [PMID: 26473817 PMCID: PMC6331844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of E-selectin of zebrafish (Danio rerio), analyzed its expression pattern and preliminarily explored its biological function. Zebrafish E-selectin cDNA is 3146 bp and encodes a putative 871 amino acid protein. All structural domains involved in E-selectin function are conserved in the putative protein. Whole-mount in situ hybridization of zebrafish at 24 and 48 h post-fertilization (hpf) revealed E-selectin expression mainly in vascular/endothelial progenitor cells in the posterior trunk and blood cells in the intermediate cell mass and posterior cardinal vein regions. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis detected E-selectin expression at 0.2, 24 and 48 hpf and significantly decreased from 48 to 72 hpf. The expression of E-selectin, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β was significantly upregulated at 22 to 72 h after induction with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Thus, the structure of E-selectin protein is highly conserved among species, and E-selectin may be involved in embryonic development and essential for hematopoiesis and angiogenesis during embryonic development in zebrafish. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence of inflammatory mediators inducing E-selectin expression in non-mammalian vertebrates, which suggests that zebrafish E-selectin may be involved in inflammation and probably has similar biological function to mammalian E-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijin Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xue Wang
- Biology Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xiuhe Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Qiuxia He
- Biology Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
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50
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Inhibition of P-Selectin and PSGL-1 Using Humanized Monoclonal Antibodies Increases the Sensitivity of Multiple Myeloma Cells to Bortezomib. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:417586. [PMID: 26539491 PMCID: PMC4619821 DOI: 10.1155/2015/417586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy localized in the bone marrow. Despite the introduction of novel therapies majority of MM patients relapse. We have previously shown that inhibition of P-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) play a key role in proliferation of MM and using small-molecule inhibitors of P-selectin/PSGL-1 sensitized MM cells to therapy. However, these small-molecule inhibitors had low specificity to P-selectin and showed poor pharmacokinetics. Therefore, we tested blocking of P-selectin and PSGL-1 using functional monoclonal antibodies in order to sensitize MM cells to therapy. We have demonstrated that inhibiting the interaction between MM cells and endothelial and stromal cells decreased proliferation in MM cells and in parallel induced loose-adhesion to the primary tumor site to facilitate egress. At the same time, blocking this interaction in vivo led to MM cells retention in the circulation and delayed homing to the bone marrow, thus exposing MM cells to bortezomib which contributed to reduced tumor growth and better mice survival. This study provides a better understanding of the biology of P-selectin and PSGL-1 and their roles in dissemination and resensitization of MM to treatment.
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