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Powell NR, Shugg T, Leighty J, Martin M, Kreutz RP, Eadon MT, Lai D, Lu T, Skaar TC. Analysis of the combined effect of rs699 and rs5051 on angiotensinogen expression and hypertension. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2024; 10:102-117. [PMID: 38872760 PMCID: PMC11166681 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension (HTN) involves genetic variability in the renin-angiotensin system and influences antihypertensive response. We previously reported that angiotensinogen (AGT) messenger RNA (mRNA) is endogenously bound by miR-122-5p and rs699 A > G decreases reporter mRNA in the microRNA functional-assay PASSPORT-seq. The AGT promoter variant rs5051 C > T is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs699 A > G and increases AGT transcription. The independent effect of these variants is understudied due to their LD therefore we aimed to test the hypothesis that increased AGT by rs5051 C > T counterbalances AGT decreased by rs699 A > G, and when these variants occur independently, it translates to HTN-related phenotypes. Methods We used in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and retrospective models to test this hypothesis. Results In silico, rs699 A > G is predicted to increase miR-122-5p binding affinity by 3%. Mir-eCLIP results show rs699 is 40-45 nucleotides from the strongest microRNA-binding site in the AGT mRNA. Unexpectedly, rs699 A > G increases AGT mRNA in an AGT-plasmid-cDNA HepG2 expression model. Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and UK Biobank analyses demonstrate liver AGT expression and HTN phenotypes are not different when rs699 A > G occurs independently from rs5051 C > T. However, GTEx and the in vitro experiments suggest rs699 A > G confers cell-type-specific effects on AGT mRNA abundance, and suggest paracrine renal renin-angiotensin-system perturbations could mediate the rs699 A > G associations with HTN. Conclusions We found that rs5051 C > T and rs699 A > G significantly associate with systolic blood pressure in Black participants in the UK Biobank, demonstrating a fourfold larger effect than in White participants. Further studies are warranted to determine if altered antihypertensive response in Black individuals might be due to rs5051 C > T or rs699 A > G. Studies like this will help clinicians move beyond the use of race as a surrogate for genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Powell
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of MedicineSchool of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Tyler Shugg
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of MedicineSchool of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Jacob Leighty
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of MedicineSchool of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Matthew Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Rolf P. Kreutz
- Department of CardiologySchool of Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Michael T. Eadon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineSchool of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsSchool of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsSchool of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Todd C. Skaar
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of MedicineSchool of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsSchool of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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Mirahmadi M, Salehi A, Golalipour M, Bakhshandeh A, Shahbazi M. Association of rs5051 and rs699 polymorphisms in angiotensinogen with coronary artery disease in Iranian population: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37045. [PMID: 38489704 PMCID: PMC10939567 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the third most common cause of mortality globally (with 17.8 million deaths annually). Angiotensinogen (AGT) and polymorphisms in this gene can be considered as susceptibility factors for CAD. We performed a retrospective case-control study to determine the correlation of AGT rs5051 and rs699 polymorphisms with CAD in an Iranian population. We genotyped 310 CAD patients and 310 healthy subjects using polymerase chain reaction-based methods. To confirm the accuracy of the screening approach, 10% of genotyped subjects were validated using gold-standard Sanger Sequencing. To evaluate the effect of the candidate polymorphisms, white blood cells were randomly purified from the subjects and AGT expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Sex stratification indicated a significant correlation between CAD and male sex (P = .0101). We found a significant association between the rs5051 A allele (P = .002) and the rs699 C allele, and CAD (P = .0122) in recessive and dominant models. Moreover, our findings showed a significant association of the haplotype, including the rs5051 A/A and rs699 T/C genotypes, with CAD (P = .0405). Finally, AGT mRNA levels were significantly decreased in patients harboring the candidate polymorphisms (P = .03). According to our findings The AGT rs5051 A and AGT rs699 C alleles are predisposing variants of CAD risk and severity in the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mirahmadi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Exomine, PardisGene company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Salehi
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoud Golalipour
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Azam Bakhshandeh
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Majid Shahbazi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- AryaTinaGene, Biopharmaceutical Company, Gorgan, Iran
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Kang J, Wei S, Jia Z, Ma Y, Chen H, Sun C, Xu J, Tao J, Dong Y, Lv W, Tian H, Guo X, Bi S, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Lv H, Zhang M. Effects of genetic variation on the structure of RNA and protein. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300235. [PMID: 38197532 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the structure of RNA and protein, have an important impact on biological functions and are even important determinants of disease pathogenesis and treatment. Some genetic variations, including copy number variation, single nucleotide variation, and so on, can lead to changes in biological function and increased susceptibility to certain diseases by changing the structure of RNA or protein. With the development of structural biology and sequencing technology, a large amount of RNA and protein structure data and genetic variation data resources has emerged to be used to explain biological processes. Here, we reviewed the effects of genetic variation on the structure of RNAs and proteins, and investigated their impact on several diseases. An online resource (http://www.onethird-lab.com/gems/) to support convenient retrieval of common tools is also built. Finally, the challenges and future development of the effects of genetic variation on RNA and protein were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Kang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Epigenome-Wide Association Study Project, Harbin, China
| | - Siyu Wei
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Epigenome-Wide Association Study Project, Harbin, China
| | - Zhe Jia
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Epigenome-Wide Association Study Project, Harbin, China
| | - Yingnan Ma
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Epigenome-Wide Association Study Project, Harbin, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Epigenome-Wide Association Study Project, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Sun
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Epigenome-Wide Association Study Project, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Epigenome-Wide Association Study Project, Harbin, China
| | - Junxian Tao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Epigenome-Wide Association Study Project, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Dong
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Epigenome-Wide Association Study Project, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhua Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongsheng Tian
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuying Guo
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Bi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongshuai Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Epigenome-Wide Association Study Project, Harbin, China
| | - Hongchao Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Epigenome-Wide Association Study Project, Harbin, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Epigenome-Wide Association Study Project, Harbin, China
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Pérez-Coria M, Vázquez-Rivera GE, Gómez-García EF, Mendoza-Carrera F. Sex differences in fetal kidney reprogramming: the case in the renin-angiotensin system. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:645-653. [PMID: 37572115 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
During the early stages of the development of the living multiorgan systems, genome modifications other than sequence variation occur that guide cell differentiation and organogenesis. These modifications are known to operate as a fetal programming code during this period, and recent research indicates that there are some tissue-specific codes in organogenesis whose effects may persist after birth until adulthood. Consequently, the events that disrupt the pre-established epigenetic pattern could induce shifts in organ physiology, with implications on health from birth or later in adult life. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide; its etiology is multifactorial, but diabetes, obesity, and hypertension are the main causes of CKD in adults, although there are other risk factors that are mainly associated with an individual's lifestyle. Recent studies suggest that fetal reprogramming in the developing kidney could be implicated in the susceptibility to kidney disease in both childhood and adulthood. Some epigenetic modifications, such as genome methylation status, dysregulation of miRNA, and histone coding alterations in genes related to the regulation of the renin-angiotensin axis, a common denominator in CKD, may have originated during fetal development. This review focuses on epigenetic changes during nephrogenesis and their repercussions on kidney health and disease. In addition, the focus is on the influence of environmental factors during pregnancy, such as maternal metabolic diseases and dietary and metabolic conditions, as well as some sex differences in fetal kidney reprogramming during which dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pérez-Coria
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada # 800, Col. Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gloria Elizabeth Vázquez-Rivera
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada # 800, Col. Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erika Fabiola Gómez-García
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Francisco Mendoza-Carrera
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada # 800, Col. Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Powell NR, Shugg T, Leighty J, Martin M, Kreutz RP, Eadon MT, Lai D, Lu T, Skaar TC. Analysis of the Combined Effect of rs699 and rs5051 on Angiotensinogen Expression and Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.07.536073. [PMID: 37066278 PMCID: PMC10104131 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.536073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) involves genetic variability in the renin-angiotensin system and characterizing this variability will help advance precision antihypertensive treatments. We previously reported that angiotensinogen (AGT) mRNA is endogenously bound by mir-122-5p and that rs699 A>G significantly decreases reporter mRNA in the functional mirSNP assay PASSPORT-seq. The AGT promoter variant rs5051 C>T is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs699 A>G and increases AGT transcription. We hypothesized that the increased AGT by rs5051 C>T counterbalances AGT decrease by rs699 A>G, and when these variants occur independently, would translate to HTN-related phenotypes. The independent effect of each of these variants is understudied due to their LD, therefore, we used in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and retrospective clinical and biobank analyses to assess HTN and AGT expression phenotypes where rs699 A>G occurs independently from rs5051 C>T. In silico, rs699 A>G is predicted to increase mir-122-5p binding strength by 3%. Mir-eCLIP assay results show that rs699 is 40-45 nucleotides from the strongest microRNA binding site in the AGT mRNA. Unexpectedly, rs699 A>G increases AGT mRNA in a plasmid cDNA HepG2 expression model. GTEx and UK Biobank analyses demonstrate that liver AGT expression and HTN phenotypes were not different when rs699 A>G occurs independently from rs5051 C>T, allowing us to reject the original hypothesis. However, both GTEx and our in vitro experiments suggest rs699 A>G confers cell-type specific effects on AGT mRNA abundance. We found that rs5051 C>T and rs699 A>G significantly associate with systolic blood pressure in Black participants in the UK Biobank, demonstrating a 4-fold larger effect than in White participants. Further studies are warranted to determine if the altered antihypertensive response in Black individuals might be due to rs5051 C>T or rs699 A>G. Studies like this will help clinicians move beyond the use of race as a surrogate for genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Powell
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indianapolis IN
| | - Tyler Shugg
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indianapolis IN
| | - Jacob Leighty
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indianapolis IN
| | - Matthew Martin
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indianapolis IN
| | - Rolf P. Kreutz
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis IN
| | - Michael T. Eadon
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indianapolis IN
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indianapolis IN
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indianapolis IN
| | - Tao Lu
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indianapolis IN
| | - Todd C. Skaar
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indianapolis IN
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indianapolis IN
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Trainor PJ, Brambatti M, Carlisle SM, Mullick AE, Shah SJ, Kahlon T, Mostacero DO, Mousavi H, Morgan ES, Tami Y, Michos ED, Ouyang P, Tsimikas S, DeFilippis AP. Blood Levels of Angiotensinogen and Hypertension in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 81:1248-1259. [PMID: 36990544 PMCID: PMC10352958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensinogen is the proximal precursor of the angiotensin peptide hormones of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Clinical trials are ongoing targeting angiotensinogen for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. The epidemiology of angiotensinogen is not well defined, particularly its relationship to ethnicity, sex, and blood pressure (BP)/hypertension. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to determine the relationship of circulating angiotensinogen levels to ethnicity, sex, BP, incident hypertension, and prevalent hypertension in a modern sex-balanced ethnically diverse cohort. METHODS Plasma angiotensinogen levels were measured in 5,786 participants from the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Linear, logistic, and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to examine the associations of angiotensinogen with BP, prevalent hypertension, and incident hypertension, respectively. RESULTS Angiotensinogen levels were significantly higher in females than males and differed across self-reported ethnicities with the ordering (from highest to lowest): White, Black, Hispanic, and Chinese adults. Higher levels were associated with higher BP and odds of prevalent hypertension, after adjusting for other risk factors. Equivalent relative differences in angiotensinogen were associated with greater differences in BP in males vs females. In males not taking RAAS-blocking medications, a standard deviation increment in log-angiotensinogen was associated with 2.61 mm Hg higher systolic BP (95% CI: 1.49-3.80), while in females the same increment in angiotensinogen was associated with 0.97 mm Hg higher systolic BP (95% CI: 0.30-1.65). CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in angiotensinogen levels are present between sexes and ethnicities. A positive association is present between levels and prevalent hypertension and BP, which differs between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Trainor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; Molecular Biology and Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Samantha M Carlisle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; Molecular Biology and Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tanvir Kahlon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Yvonne Tami
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pamela Ouyang
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Yee J, Song TJ, Yoon HY, Park J, Gwak HS. Genetic Factors of Renin–Angiotensin System Associated with Major Bleeding for Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020231. [PMID: 35213964 PMCID: PMC8877686 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the renin–angiotensin system (RAS)-related genetic factors associated with bleeding and develop the bleeding risk scoring system in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected samples from June 2018 to May 2020. To investigate the associations between RAS-related genetic factors and major bleeding, we selected 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from five genes (namely, AGT, REN, ACE, AGTR1, and AGTR2). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the independent risk factors for bleeding and to develop a risk scoring system. A total of 172 patients were included in the analysis, including 33 major bleeding cases. Both old age (≥65 years) and moderate to severe renal impairment (CrCl < 50 mL/min) increased the risk of bleeding in the multivariable analysis. Among RAS-related polymorphisms, patients carrying TT genotype of rs5050 and A allele of rs4353 experienced a 3.6-fold (95% CI: 1.4–9.3) and 3.1-fold (95% CI: 1.1–9.3) increase in bleeding, respectively. The bleeding risk increased exponentially with a higher score; the risks were 0%, 2.8%, 16.9%, 32.7%, and 75% in patients with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 points, respectively. Although this study is limited to a retrospective study design, this is the first study to suggest RAS-related genetic markers and risk scoring systems, including both clinical and genetic factors, for major bleeding in patients receiving DOAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (J.Y.); (H.-Y.Y.)
| | - Tae-Jin Song
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - Ha-Young Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (J.Y.); (H.-Y.Y.)
| | - Junbeom Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (H.-S.G.); Tel.: +82-2-2650-5826 (J.P.); +82-2-3277-4376 (H.-S.G.)
| | - Hye-Sun Gwak
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (J.Y.); (H.-Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (H.-S.G.); Tel.: +82-2-2650-5826 (J.P.); +82-2-3277-4376 (H.-S.G.)
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Associations between AGT, MTHFR, and VEGF gene polymorphisms and preeclampsia in the Chinese population. Placenta 2022; 118:38-45. [PMID: 35030476 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific multisystemic syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the associations between angiotensinogen (AGT), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) polymorphisms, and PE in the Han Chinese population. METHODS We genotyped 26 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in three genes by using QuantStudio™ 12 K Flex Real-Time PCR technology in 168 patients with PE and 204 healthy pregnant control subjects. The associations of tested polymorphisms with PE were analyzed at allele, genotype, and haplotype levels. RESULTS A common coding variant in MTHFR, rs2274976, was significantly associated with increased risk of PE in both allelic and genotype models (P < 0.05). The heterozygous genotypes of rs699 (G/A vs G/G) in AGT gene and rs3025035 (C/T vs C/C) in VEGF gene showed weak associations with increased PE risk, whereas the mutant homozygous genotype of rs3024987 (TT vs C/C) and the heterozygous genotype of rs3025039 (C/T vs C/C) in VEGF gene displayed weak associations with decreased PE risk (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION However, these weak associations lost significance after multiple testing correction. The results indicated that rs2274976 in MTHFR gene may contribute to the increased risk of PE in pregnant women. AGT and VEGF gene polymorphisms may not play a significant role in PE development.
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Li Z, Hu X, Wan J, Yang J, Jia Z, Tian L, Wu X, Song C, Yan C. The alleles of AGT and HIF1A gene affect the risk of hypertension in plateau residents. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:237-245. [PMID: 34758666 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211055838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plateau essential hypertension is a common chronic harmful disease of permanent residents in plateau areas. Studies have shown some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associations with hypertension, but few have been verified in plateau area-lived people. In this paper, we examined some hypertension-related gene loci to analyze the relationship between risk SNPs and plateau essential hypertension in residents in Qinghai-Tibet plateau area. We screened hypertension-related SNPs from the literature, Clinvar database, GHR database, GTR database, and GWAS database, and then selected 101 susceptible SNPs for detection. Illumina MiSeq NGS platform was used to perform DNA sequencing on the blood samples from 185 Tibetan dwellings of Qinghai, and bioinformatic tools were used to make genotyping. Genetic models adjusted by gender and age were used to calculate the risk effects of genotypes. Four known SNPs as well as a new locus were found associated with PHE, which were rs2493134 (AGT), rs9349379 (PHACTR1), rs1371182 (CYP2C56P-PRPS1P1), rs567481079 (CYP2C56P-PRPS1P1), and chr14:61734822 (HIF1A). Among them, genotypes of rs2493134, rs9349379, and rs567481079 were risk factors, genotypes of rs1371182 and chr14:61734822 were protective factors. The rs2493134 in AGT was found associated with an increased risk of the plateau essential hypertension by 3.24-, 3.24-, and 2.06-fold in co-dominant, dominant, and Log-additive models, respectively. The rs9349379 in PHACTR1 is associated with a 2.61-fold increased risk of plateau essential hypertension according to the dominant model. This study reveals that the alleles of AGT, HIF1A, and PHACTR1 are closely related to plateau essential hypertension risk in the plateau Tibetan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjin Li
- Department of Computer, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Xi Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jinping Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jiyu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xining First People's Hospital, Xining 810000, China
| | - Zeyu Jia
- Department of Computer, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Liqin Tian
- Department of Computer, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China.,Department of Computer, 71039North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang, Hebei 065201, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Changxin Song
- Department of Mechanical engineering and information, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Chengying Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xining First People's Hospital, Xining 810000, China
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Powell NR, Zhao H, Ipe J, Liu Y, Skaar TC. Mapping the miRNA-mRNA Interactome in Human Hepatocytes and Identification of Functional mirSNPs in Pharmacogenes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:1106-1118. [PMID: 34314509 PMCID: PMC9007393 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MiRNAs regulate the expression of hepatic genes involved in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Genetic variants affecting miRNA binding (mirSNPs) have been associated with altered drug response, but previously used methods to identify miRNA binding sites and functional mirSNPs in pharmacogenes are indirect and limited by low throughput. We utilized the high-throughput chimeric-eCLIP assay to directly map thousands of miRNA-mRNA interactions and define the miRNA binding sites in primary hepatocytes. We then used the high-throughput PASSPORT-seq assay to functionally test 262 potential mirSNPs with coordinates overlapping the identified miRNA binding sites. Using chimeric-eCLIP, we identified a network of 448 miRNAs that collectively target 11,263 unique genes in primary hepatocytes pooled from 100 donors. Our data provide an extensive map of miRNA binding of each gene, including pharmacogenes, expressed in primary hepatocytes. For example, we identified the hsa-mir-27b-DPYD interaction at a previously validated binding site. A second example is our identification of 19 unique miRNAs that bind to CYP2B6 across 20 putative binding sites on the transcript. Using PASSPORT-seq, we then identified 24 mirSNPs that functionally impacted reporter mRNA levels. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive identification of miRNA binding sites in pharmacogenes. Combining chimeric-eCLIP with PASSPORT-seq successfully identified functional mirSNPs in pharmacogenes that may affect transcript levels through altered miRNA binding. These results provide additional insights into potential mechanisms contributing to interindividual variability in drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Powell
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Harrison Zhao
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Joseph Ipe
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Todd C. Skaar
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Khamlaoui W, Mehri S, Hammami S, Elosua R, Hammami M. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) and angiotensinogen (AGT M235T) polymorphisms with the risk of obesity in a Tunisian population. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021; 21:1470320320907820. [PMID: 32356512 PMCID: PMC7227147 DOI: 10.1177/1470320320907820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to determine whether genetic variants in ACE I/D and AGT M235T are associated with overweight-obesity and body mass index (BMI) in a Tunisian population. Methods: We designed an age- and sex-matched case-control study. The height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. A total of 259 overweight-obese patients and 369 healthy controls were genotyped for the ACE I/D and AGT M235T genes using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: ACE I/D and AGT M235T genes were associated with BMI, waist circumference and overweight-obesity (p⩽0.001). In an additive model, the I and the M alleles in ACE and AGT variants, respectively, were associated with a lower BMI: –1.45 and −2.29 units, respectively. ACE I/D genotypes were associated with dyslipidemia; AGT M235T genotypes with dyslipidemia and total cholesterol. Conclusion: These data suggest that variations in ACE I/D and AGT M235T affect the risk of overweight-obesity, BMI and dyslipidemia, and could point to a key molecular pathway of metabolic syndrome and its related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wided Khamlaoui
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 "Nutrition-Functional Foods and Vascular Health", Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sounira Mehri
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 "Nutrition-Functional Foods and Vascular Health", Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Hammami
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 "Nutrition-Functional Foods and Vascular Health", Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia.,Department of Internal Medicine, CHU F. Bourguiba, Tunisia
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Spain
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 "Nutrition-Functional Foods and Vascular Health", Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia
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12
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Shu Z, Wan J, Read RJ, Carrell RW, Zhou A. Angiotensinogen and the Modulation of Blood Pressure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:645123. [PMID: 33816576 PMCID: PMC8012498 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.645123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin peptides that control blood pressure are released from the non-inhibitory plasma serpin, angiotensinogen, on cleavage of its extended N-terminal tail by the specific aspartyl-protease, renin. Angiotensinogen had previously been assumed to be a passive substrate, but we describe here how recent studies reveal an inherent conformational mechanism that is critical to the cleavage and release of the angiotensin peptides and consequently to the control of blood pressure. A series of crystallographic structures of angiotensinogen and its derivative forms, together with its complexes with renin show in molecular detail how the interaction with renin triggers a profound shift of the amino-terminal tail of angiotensinogen with modulation occurring at several levels. The tail of angiotensinogen is restrained by a labile disulfide bond, with changes in its redox status affecting angiotensin release, as demonstrably so in the hypertensive complication of pregnancy, pre-eclampsia. The shift of the tail also enhances the binding of renin through a tail-in-mouth allosteric mechanism. The N-terminus is now seen to insert into a pocket equivalent to the hormone-binding site on other serpins, with helix H of angiotensinogen unwinding to form key interactions with renin. The findings explain the precise species specificity of the interaction with renin and with variant carbohydrate linkages. Overall, the studies provide new insights into the physiological regulation of angiotensin release, with an ability to respond to local tissue and temperature changes, and with the opening of strategies for the development of novel agents for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Shu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Wan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Randy J Read
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robin W Carrell
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Tran TT, Mai TP, Tran HCB, Le LHG, Vu HA, Tran TK, Hoang SV, Chau HN, Do MD. Association Between AGT M235T and Left Ventricular Mass in Vietnamese Patients Diagnosed With Essential Hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:608948. [PMID: 33681303 PMCID: PMC7933009 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.608948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients is an independent prognostic marker for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Genetic factors have been shown to critically affect left ventricular mass. AGT M235T is one of the genetic polymorphisms that may influence left ventricular mass due to its pivotal role in the regulation of plasma angiotensinogen level as well as hypertension pathophysiology in Asian populations. Currently, how M235T affects left ventricular mass is not well-described in Vietnamese hypertensive patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between M235T and left ventricular mass in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with essential hypertension. Materials and Methods:AGT M235T genotyping and 2D echocardiography were performed on 187 Vietnamese subjects with essential hypertension. All the ultrasound parameters were obtained to calculate the left ventricular mass index according to the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging 2015 guidelines. Other clinical characteristics were also recorded, including age, gender, duration of hypertension, hypertensive treatment, lifestyle, renal function, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profile. Results: MT and TT genotypes were determined in 30 and 157 subjects, respectively. AGT M235T genotype, duration of hypertension, body mass index, and ejection fraction statistically affected the left ventricular mass index, which was significantly greater in TT compared to MT carriers after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: The TT genotype of AGT M23T was associated with greater left ventricular mass in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Thanh Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao Phuong Mai
- Department of Physiology-Pathophysiology-Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ha Chau Bich Tran
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Linh Hoang Gia Le
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Anh Vu
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trang Kim Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sy Van Hoang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Ngoc Chau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Duc Do
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Abstract
We present selected topics of population genetics and molecular phylogeny. As several excellent review articles have been published and generally focus on European and American scientists, here, we emphasize contributions by Japanese researchers. Our review may also be seen as a belated 50-year celebration of Motoo Kimura's early seminal paper on the molecular clock, published in 1968.
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Ishigami T, Kino T, Minegishi S, Araki N, Umemura M, Ushio H, Saigoh S, Sugiyama M. Regulators of Epithelial Sodium Channels in Aldosterone-Sensitive Distal Nephrons (ASDN): Critical Roles of Nedd4L/Nedd4-2 and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113871. [PMID: 32485919 PMCID: PMC7312533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a representative, reversible biological process of the post-translational modification of various proteins with multiple catalytic reaction sequences, including ubiquitin itself, in addition to E1 ubiquitin activating enzymes, E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes, E3 ubiquitin ligase, deubiquitinating enzymes, and proteasome degradation. The ubiquitin–proteasome system is known to play a pivotal role in various molecular life phenomena, including the cell cycle, protein quality, and cell surface expressions of ion-transporters. As such, the failure of this system can lead to cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. This review article discusses Nedd4-2/NEDD4L, an E3-ubiquitin ligase involved in salt-sensitive hypertension, drawing from detailed genetic dissection analysis and the development of genetically engineered mice model. Based on our analyses, targeting therapeutic regulations of ubiquitination in the fields of cardio-vascular medicine might be a promising strategy in future. Although the clinical applications of this strategy are limited, compared to those of kinase systems, many compounds with a high pharmacological activity were identified at the basic research level. Therefore, future development could be expected.
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16
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Goswami AM. Computational analyses prioritize and reveal the deleterious nsSNPs in human angiotensinogen gene. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 84:107199. [PMID: 31931433 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.107199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensinogen (AGT) is a key component of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which plays central role in blood pressure homeostasis. Association of AGT polymorphisms have been investigated in different ethnic populations in variety of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular conditions. In this study, 354 non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) of AGT were evaluated to predict damaging and structurally important variants. Majority of the deleterious nsSNPs occurred in the evolutionary conserved regions. Several of these nsSNPs were found to affect post-translational modifications like methylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination etc. Structural evaluations predicted 19 variants as destabilizing and some of them were also predicted to destabilize the renin-AGT interaction. Therefore, the present computational investigation predicted pathogenic and functionally important variants of human AGT gene. The study has also shown that AGT deregulation is associated with survival outcome in patients with gastric and breast cancer, using microarray gene expression profile. Furthermore, the computationally screened nsSNPs can be analyzed in population based genotyping studies and may help futuristic drug development in the area of AGT pharmacogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achintya Mohan Goswami
- Department of Physiology, Krishnagar Govt. College, Krishnagar, Nadia, West Bengal, 741101, India.
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Contribution of Four Polymorphisms in Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-Related Genes to Hypertension in a Thai Population. Int J Hypertens 2019; 2019:4861081. [PMID: 31511791 PMCID: PMC6710803 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4861081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The roles of genes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in hypertension, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1), and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), have been widely studied across different ethnicities, but there has been no such investigation in Thai population. Materials and Methods Using 4,150 Thais recorded in the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) study, we examined the association of rs1799752, rs699, rs5186, and rs1799998 located in or near ACE, AGT, AGTR1, and CYP11B2 genes in hypertension. We investigated their roles in hypertension using multivariate logistic regression and further examined their roles in blood pressure (BP) using quantile regression. Sex, age, and BMI were adjusted as potential confounders. Results We did not observe associations between hypertension and rs1799752 (P=0.422), rs699 (P=0.36), rs5186 (P=0.49), and rs1799998 (P=0.71). No evidence of association between these SNPs and BP was found across an entire distribution. A nonlinear relationship between age and BP was observed. Conclusion In Thai population, our study showed no evidence of association between RAAS-related genes and hypertension. While our study is the first and largest study to investigate the role of RAAS-related genes in hypertension in Thai population, restricted statistical power due to limited sample size is a limitation.
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Fajar JK, Pikir BS, Sidarta EP, Saka PNB, Akbar RR, Tamara F, Mayasari ED, Gunawan A, Heriansyah T. The genes polymorphism of angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T and AGT T174M in patients with essential hypertension: A meta-analysis. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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An Angiotensinogen Gene Polymorphism (rs5050) Is Associated with the Risk of Coronary Artery Aneurysm in Southern Chinese Children with Kawasaki Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:2849695. [PMID: 30719178 PMCID: PMC6335657 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2849695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis disease that commonly causes acquired heart disease in children. Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is a major complication of KD. However, the pathogenesis of KD remains unclear. The results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) showed that two functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs699A>G and rs5050T>G) in the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene were related to cardiovascular disease susceptibility. The purpose of our study was to estimate the relationship between the two GWAS-identified AGT gene polymorphisms and the risk of CAA in Southern Chinese children with KD. Methods We genotyped the two AGT gene polymorphisms (rs699A>G and rs5050T>G) in 760 KD cases and 972 healthy controls. We used the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the degree of the associations. Results These two AGT gene polymorphisms were not associated with a risk of KD relative to the controls, but after adjusting for sex and age, the carriers of the rs5050G allele with TG/GG vs TT had an adjusted OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.01-2.41, and P = 0.044 relative to the carriers of the rs5050TT genotype. The susceptibility to CAA was more predominant in KD patients younger than 12 months old. Conclusions Our results indicate that the AGT gene polymorphism rs5050T>G may increase the risk of CAA in children with KD, especially those who are younger than 12 months. These results need to be verified by a validation study with a larger sample size.
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Evolution and Expression of S100A7 Gene in Vertebrates. Biochem Genet 2018; 57:371-381. [PMID: 30554339 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the primary barrier between the internal organs of an organism and the environment, and it provides protection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. According to the nocturnal bottleneck hypothesis, ungulates might have traversed to the grasslands and were exposed to UV radiation subsequent to the reduction in predation pressure. UV light exposure might have increased the S100A7 expression. In order to test whether the UV radiation is associated with the selection pressure on S100A7, we acquired the complete S100A7 DNA sequences from each of 42 vertebrate species. The results suggested that the evidence of diversifying selection in S100A7 occurred at the end of Mesozoic era, and the site of positive selection was observed in the branch of Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates). In addition, we found that the transcription level of S100A7 in cashmere goat skin correlates with UV radiation. Our results indicated that S100A7 plays a role in the signaling between the skin genes and UV radiation during evolution.
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21
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Perdomo-Pantoja A, Mejía-Pérez SI, Reynoso-Noverón N, Gómez-Flores-Ramos L, Soto-Reyes E, Sánchez-Correa TE, Guerra-Calderas L, Castro-Hernandez C, Vidal-Millán S, Sánchez-Corona J, Taja-Chayeb L, Gutiérrez O, Cacho-Diaz B, Alvarez-Gomez RM, Gómez-Amador JL, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Corona T, Herrera-Montalvo LA, Wegman-Ostrosky T. Angiotensinogen rs5050 germline genetic variant as potential biomarker of poor prognosis in astrocytoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206590. [PMID: 30383794 PMCID: PMC6211735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in brain cancer represents a scarcely explored field in neuro-oncology. Recently, some pre- and clinical studies have reported that RAS components play a relevant role in the development and behavior of gliomas. The angiotensinogen (AGT) rs5050 genetic variant has been identified as a crucial regulator of the transcription of AGT mRNA, which makes it a logical and promising target of research. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the AGT rs5050 genetic variant in blood with prognosis in astrocytoma. Methods A prospective pilot study was performed on forty-eight astrocytoma patients, who received the standard-of-care treatment. Blood samples were taken prior to surgery and DNA was sequenced using Ion Torrent next-generation sequencing and analyzed by Ion Reporter software. Descriptive, bivariate, multivariate, and survival analyses were performed using SPSS v21, STATA 12 and GraphPad Prism 7. Results Median follow-up was 41 months (range 1–48). Survival analysis showed a significant difference between the rs5050 genotypes (p = .05). We found lower survival rates in individuals with the GG-genotype of rs5050 AGT compared to patients with the TT- and TG-genotype (2 months vs. 11.5 months, respectively [p = .01]). In bivariate and multivariate analyses, GG-genotype was negatively associated with survival. Conclusions In patients with astrocytoma, AGT rs5050 GG-genotype was associated with poor prognosis. We propose this germline genetic variant as a complementary biomarker, which can be detected practically and safely in blood samples or saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Perdomo-Pantoja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, "Manuel Velasco Suarez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Iliana Mejía-Pérez
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, "Manuel Velasco Suarez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ernesto Soto-Reyes
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Clementina Castro-Hernandez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM-INCAN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Vidal-Millán
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lucia Taja-Chayeb
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Olga Gutiérrez
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Cacho-Diaz
- Unidad de Neuro-oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Luis Gómez-Amador
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, "Manuel Velasco Suarez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Corona
- Laboratorio Clínico de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, "Manuel Velasco Suarez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Alonso Herrera-Montalvo
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM-INCAN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Zitouni H, Ben Ali Gannoum M, Raguema N, Maleh W, Zouari I, Faleh RE, Guibourdenche J, Almawi WY, Mahjoub T. Contribution of angiotensinogen M235T and T174M gene variants and haplotypes to preeclampsia and its severity in (North African) Tunisians. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2018; 19:1470320317753924. [PMID: 29366364 PMCID: PMC5843851 DOI: 10.1177/1470320317753924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-associated hypertensive disorder and a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. While its pathogenesis remains ill defined, several candidate genes for PE have been identified, but results remain inconclusive. We investigated the association of the angiotensinogen ( AGT) gene variants M235T and T174M with PE, and we analyzed the contribution of both variants to the severity of PE. METHODS This case-control study enrolled 550 Tunisian pregnant women: 272 with PE, of whom 147 presented with mild, and 125 with severe PE, along with 278 unrelated age- and ethnically matched control women. AGT genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS Significantly higher M235T minor allele frequency (MAF) was associated with increased risk of PE ( p < 0.001). Decreased frequency of heterozygous T174M genotype carriers were found in control women ( p = 0.015), suggesting a protective effect of this genotype (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.51 (0.29-0.89)). Two-locus haplotype analysis demonstrated MM and TT haplotypes to be negatively and positively associated with PE, respectively. MAF of M253T, but not T174M, was higher in the severe PE group, and carrying M235T or T174M minor allele was associated with increased body mass index ( p < 0.001) among unselected PE women. CONCLUSIONS AGT M235T and T174M variants contribute to an increased risk of developing PE, and for M235T to PE severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedia Zitouni
- 1 Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), College of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia.,2 Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunisia.,3 INSERM UMR-S1139 College of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, France
| | - Marwa Ben Ali Gannoum
- 1 Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), College of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia.,2 Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Nozha Raguema
- 1 Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), College of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia.,2 Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Wided Maleh
- 4 Centre of Maternity and Neonatology, Tunisia
| | - Ines Zouari
- 4 Centre of Maternity and Neonatology, Tunisia
| | | | - Jean Guibourdenche
- 3 INSERM UMR-S1139 College of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, France
| | - Wassim Y Almawi
- 5 Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Touhami Mahjoub
- 1 Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), College of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
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Alhenc-Gelas F, Menard J. Is Plasma Renin Activity Genetically Determined and How Much Does It Matter for Treating Hypertension? CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2018; 11:e002139. [PMID: 29650769 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.118.002139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel Menard
- INSERM U1138, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne University, France
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Simonyte S, Kuciene R, Medzioniene J, Dulskiene V, Lesauskaite V. Renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms and high blood pressure in Lithuanian children and adolescents. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:100. [PMID: 28903744 PMCID: PMC5598068 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the influence of environmental factors on HBP in the population of Lithuanian children, although the role of genetic factors in hypertension has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of AGTR1, AGT, and ACE genotypes in the Lithuanian child population and to determine whether these genotypes have an impact on HBP in childhood. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 709 participants aged 12–15 years. The subjects were genotyped for AGT (M235 T, rs699), AGTR1 (A1166C, rs5186), and ACE (rs4340) gene polymorphisms using real-time and conventional polymerase chain reactions. Blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were measured. Results The prevalence of HBP was 38.6% and was more frequently detected in boys than in girls (47.9% vs. 29.5%; p < 0.001). No significant differences in the frequencies of the AGT or AGTR1 genotypes or alleles between boys and girls were observed, except for ACE genotypes. The mean SBP value was higher in HBP subjects with ACE ID genotype compared to those with ACE II homozygotes (p = 0.04). No significant differences in BP between different AGT and AGTR1 genotype groups were found. Boys who carried the ACE ID + DD genotypes had higher odds of having HBP than carriers of the ACE II genotype did (controlling for the body mass index (BMI): ORMH = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.11–3.02, p = 0.024; and controlling for waist circumference (WC): ORMH = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.07–2.92, p = 0.035). These associations were not significant among girls. The same trend was observed in the multivariate analysis – after adjustment for BMI and WC, only boys with ACE ID genotype and ACE ID + DD genotypes had statistically significantly increased odds of HBP (aOR = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.19–3.53 (p = 0.01) and aOR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.09–3.04 (p = 0.022), respectively). Conclusions The evaluated polymorphisms of the AGT and AGTR1 genes did not contribute to the presence of HBP in the present study and may be seen as predisposing factors, while ACE ID genotypes were associated with significantly increased odds for the development of HBP in the Lithuanian child and adolescent population - especially in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrita Simonyte
- Institute of Cardiology of Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių 15, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Renata Kuciene
- Institute of Cardiology of Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių 15, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurate Medzioniene
- Institute of Cardiology of Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių 15, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Virginija Dulskiene
- Institute of Cardiology of Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių 15, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaiva Lesauskaite
- Institute of Cardiology of Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių 15, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
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KHATAMI M, HEIDARI MM, HADADZADEH M, SCHEIBER-MOJDEHKAR B, BITARAF SANI M, HOUSHMAND M. Simultaneous Genotyping of the rs4762 and rs699 Polymorphisms in Angiotensinogen Gene and Correlation with Iranian CAD Patients with Novel Hexa-primer ARMS-PCR. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 46:811-819. [PMID: 28828324 PMCID: PMC5558075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant role of Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genetic variants in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases has been proved. This study aimed to develop a new, fast and cheap method for the simultaneous detection of two missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (T207M or rs4762 and M268T orrs699) of angiotensinogen (AGT) in single-step Multiplex Hexa-Primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System - polymerase chain reaction (H-ARMS-PCR). METHODS In this case-control study, 148 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 135 controls were included. The patients were referred to cardiac centers in Afshar Hospital (Yazd, Iran) from 2012 to 2015. Two sets of inner primer (for each SNP) and one set outer primer pairs were designed for genotyping of rs4762 and rs699 in single tube H-ARMS-PCR. Direct sequencing of all samples was also performed to assess the accuracy of this method. DNA sequencing method validated the results of single tube H-ARMS-PCR. RESULTS We found full accordance for genotype adscription by sequencing method. The frequency of the AGT T521 and C702 alleles was significantly higher in CAD patients than in the control group (OR: 0.551, 95% CI: 0.359-0.846, P=0.008 and OR: 0.629, 95% CI: 0.422-0.936, P=0.028, respectively). CONCLUSION This is the first work describing a rapid, low-cost, high-throughput simultaneous detection of rs4762 and rs699 polymorphisms in AGT gene, used in large clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri KHATAMI
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran,Corresponding Author:
| | | | - Mehdi HADADZADEH
- Dept. of Cardiac Surgery, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Morteza BITARAF SANI
- Dept. of Animal Science, University of Applied Science and Technology, Yazd, Iran
| | - Massoud HOUSHMAND
- Dept. of Medical Genetic, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Ameta K, Gupta A, Kumar S, Sethi R, Kumar D, Mahdi AA. Essential hypertension: A filtered serum based metabolomics study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2153. [PMID: 28526818 PMCID: PMC5438387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the easy and reliable methods of blood pressure measurement, the screening of essential hypertension (EH) is usually ignored due to delayed onset of symptoms. A probe into the biochemical changes in hypertension would serve as a welcome asset to provide insight into the mechanistic aspects of EH. Filtered serum samples from 64 EH patients and 59 healthy controls (HC) were analysed using 800 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Application of principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) following receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of NMR data reveals significantly perturbed metabolites: alanine, arginine, methionine, pyruvate, adenine, and uracil. This set of metabolites correctly classified 99% of cases from HC and also showed excellent correlation in both isolated elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) cases and combined elevated systolic-diastolic blood pressure cases. Proton NMR metabolomics of EH may prove helpful in defining associated biomarkers and serve as an alternate diagnostic tool with judicious clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerti Ameta
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India.
| | - Sudeep Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India
| | - Rishi Sethi
- Department of Cardiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Purkait P, Halder K, Thakur S, Ghosh Roy A, Raychaudhuri P, Bhattacharya S, Sarkar BN, Naidu JM. Association of angiotensinogen gene SNPs and haplotypes with risk of hypertension in eastern Indian population. Clin Hypertens 2017; 23:12. [PMID: 28361007 PMCID: PMC5371191 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-017-0069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensinogen (AGT) enzyme comprises a vital module of RAAS system that effectively controls the blood pressure and related cardiovascular functions. Ample association studies have reported the importance of AGT variants in cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular adversities. But lately, owing to the complexity of the many anomalies, the haplotype based examination of genetic variation that facilitates the identification of polymorphic sites which are located in the vicinity of the causative polymorphic site, gets greater appreciation. METHODS In the present study, we have done genotype and haplotype analysis of AGT gene in reference to hypertension to confirm the association of the two in an Indian population. To accomplish this, we performed candidate SNPs analysis and construct possible haplotypes across the AGT promoter and gene region in 414 subjects (256 Hypertensive cases and 158 controls). RESULTS We found four SNPs (rs11568020: A-152G and rs5050: A-20C in promoter; rs4762 and rs699 in exon2) and 3 haplotypes (H4, H7 and H8) that showed a stronger positive association with hypertension. The haplotype H2 was showing protective association with hypertension. CONCLUSION The results of the present study confirmed and reestablished the role of AGT gene variants and their haplotypes in the causation of hypertension in Indian population and showed that haplotypes can provide stronger evidence of association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulakes Purkait
- DNA Laboratory, Anthropological Survey of India, Western Regional Center, Udaipur, 313001 Rajasthan India.,DNA Laboratory, Anthropological Survey of India, 27 Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Kolkata, 700016 India.,Department of Anthropology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Kalpataru Halder
- Department of Molecular Biology, BrahmanandaKeshab Chandra College, 111/2 B.T.Road, BonHooghly, P.O. - BonHooghly, Kolkata, 700 108 West Bengal India
| | - Sunil Thakur
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Abhishikta Ghosh Roy
- DNA Laboratory, Anthropological Survey of India, 27 Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Kolkata, 700016 India
| | - Pradip Raychaudhuri
- Department of Endocrinology, Calcutta Medical College & Hospital, 88, College Street, Kolkata, 700073 India
| | - Sandip Bhattacharya
- Department of Nephrology & Dialysis, B.P. Poddar Hospital & Medical Research LTD, 71/1 HumayunKabirSarani, New Alipore, Block - G, Kolkata, 700053 West Bengal India
| | - B N Sarkar
- DNA Laboratory, Anthropological Survey of India, 27 Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Kolkata, 700016 India
| | - J M Naidu
- Department of Anthropology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003 Andhra Pradesh India
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Abstract
Human genetic variation is a determinant of nutrient efficacy and of tolerances and intolerances and has the potential to influence nutrient intake values (NIVs). Knowledge derived from the comprehensive identification of human genetic variation offers the potential to predict the physiological and pathological consequences of individual genetic differences and prevent and/or manage adverse outcomes through diet. Nutrients and genomes interact reciprocally; genomes confer differences in nutrient utilization, whereas nutrients effectively modify genome expression, stability, and viability. Understanding the interactions that occur among human genes, including all genetic variants thereof, and environmental exposures is enabling the development of genotype-specific nutritional regimens that prevent disease and promote wellness for individuals and populations throughout the life cycle. Genomic technologies may provide new criteria for establishing NIVs. The impact of a gene variant on NIVs will be dependent on its penetrance and prevalence within a population. Recent experiences indicate that few gene variants are anticipated to be sufficiently penetrant to affect average requirement (AR) values to a greater degree than environmental factors. If highly penetrant gene variants are identified that affect nutrient requirements, the prevalence of the variant in that country or region will determine the feasibility and necessity of deriving more than one AR or upper limit (UL) for affected genetic subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Stover
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell Uniersity, 315 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Mottet F, Vardeny O, de Denus S. Pharmacogenomics of heart failure: a systematic review. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1817-1858. [PMID: 27813451 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) and multiple HF-related phenotypes are heritable. Genes implicated in the HF pathophysiology would be expected to influence the response to treatment. METHODS We conducted a series of systematic literature searches on the pharmacogenetics of HF therapy to assess the current knowledge on this field. RESULTS Existing data related to HF pharmacogenomics are still limited. The ADRB1 gene is a likely candidate to predict response to β-blockers. Moreover, the cytochrome P450 2D6 coding gene (CYP2D6) clearly affects the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, although the clinical impact of this association remains to be established. CONCLUSION Given the rising prevalence of HF and related costs, a more personalized use of HF drugs could have a remarkable benefit for patients, caregivers and healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fannie Mottet
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Orly Vardeny
- Associate Professor of Pharmacy & Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Simon de Denus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
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Umesawa M, Kobashi G. Epidemiology of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: prevalence, risk factors, predictors and prognosis. Hypertens Res 2016; 40:213-220. [PMID: 27682655 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) represent some of the most important problems faced by public health because HDP is a major cause of maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality. Several epidemiological studies have been performed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HDP as well as its subtypes. The prevalences of HDP, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia are 5.2-8.2%, 1.8-4.4% and 0.2-9.2%, respectively. Body mass index, anemia and lower education appear to be modifiable risk factors for HDP. Maternal age, primiparous, multiple pregnancy, HDP in previous pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, preexisting hypertension, preexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus, preexisting urinary tract infection and a family history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia appear to be nonmodifiable risk factors. Genetic variants including a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the angiotensinogen gene have also been reported to be nonmodifiable risk factors. Epidemiological studies have recently examined the associations between a history of HDP and its subtypes and future risks of other diseases. These studies have reported associations between a history of HDP and a risk of coronary heart disease, heart failure, dysrhythmia, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal dysfunction and cardiomyopathy. HDP is not associated with the future incidence of total cancer. In conclusion, HDP is not a rare complication of pregnancy and the influence of HDP remains for an extended duration. Physicians should consider the effects of HDP when treating chronic diseases in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsumasa Umesawa
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Gen Kobashi
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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31
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Gowrisankar YV, Clark MA. Regulation of angiotensinogen expression by angiotensin II in spontaneously hypertensive rat primary astrocyte cultures. Brain Res 2016; 1643:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Verstockt B, Cleynen I. Genetic Influences on the Development of Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2016; 3:24. [PMID: 27303667 PMCID: PMC4885006 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2016.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrostenotic strictures are an important complication in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), very often necessitating surgery. This fibrotic process develops in a genetically susceptible individual and is influenced by an interplay with environmental, immunological, and disease-related factors. A deeper understanding of the genetic factors driving this fibrostenotic process might help to unravel the pathogenesis, and ultimately lead to development of new, anti-fibrotic therapy. Here, we review the genetic factors that have been associated with the development of fibrosis in patients with CD, as well as their potential pathophysiological mechanism(s). We also hypothesize on clinical implications, if any, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Verstockt
- Department of Medicine and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK; Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Cleynen
- Laboratory of Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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Singh M, Singh AK, Pandey P, Chandra S, Singh KA, Gambhir IS. Molecular genetics of essential hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:268-77. [PMID: 27028574 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1116543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major public health problem in the developing as well as in developed countries due to its high prevalence and its association with coronary heart disease, renal disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and related disorders. Essential hypertension (EH) is the most common diagnosis in this disease, suggesting that a monocausal etiology has not been identified. However, a number of risk factors associated with EH have also been identified such as age, sex, demographic, environmental, genetic, and vascular factors. Recent advances in molecular biological research had achieved clarifying the molecular basis of Mendelian hypertensive disorders. Molecular genetic studies have now identified mutations in several genes that cause Mendelian forms of hypertension in humans. However, none of the single genetic variants has emerged from linkage or association analyses as consistently related to the blood pressure level in every sample and in all populations. Besides, a number of polymorphisms in candidate genes have been associated with differences in blood pressure. The most prominent candidate has been the polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In total, EH is likely to be a polygenic disorder that results from inheritance of a number of susceptibility genes and involves multiple environmental determinants. These determinants complicate the study of blood pressure variations in the general population. The complex nature of the hypertension phenotype makes large-scale studies indispensable, when screening of familial and genetic factors was intended. In this review, recent genetic studies exploring the molecular basis of EH, including different molecular pathways, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Singh
- a Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
| | - A K Singh
- b Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
| | - P Pandey
- a Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
| | - S Chandra
- c Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
| | - K A Singh
- d Department of Pharmaceutics , Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
| | - I S Gambhir
- a Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
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Jiao J, Wang M, Wang Y, Sun N, Li C. Lead exposure increases blood pressure by increasing angiotensinogen expression. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2016; 51:434-9. [PMID: 26818744 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1120537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lead exposure can induce increased blood pressure. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain lead-induced hypertension. Changes in angiotensinogen (AGT) expression levels or gene variants may also influence blood pressure. In this study, we hypothesized that AGT expression levels or gene variants contribute to lead-induced hypertension. A preliminary HEK293 cell model experiment was performed to analyze the association between AGT expression and lead exposure. In a population-based study, serum AGT level was measured in both lead-exposed and control populations. To further detect the influence of AGT gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lead-induced hypertension, two SNPs (rs699 and rs4762) were genotyped in a case-control study including 219 lead-exposed subjects and 393 controls. Lead exposure caused an increase in AGT expression level in HEK 293 cell models (P < 0.001) compared to lead-free cells, and individuals exposed to lead had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001). Lead-exposed individuals had higher serum AGT levels compared to controls (P < 0.001). However, no association was found between AGT gene SNPs (rs699 and rs4762) and lead exposure. Nevertheless, the change in AGT expression level may play an important role in the development of lead-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Jiao
- a Department of Occupational Health , Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Wuxi , P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- a Department of Occupational Health , Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Wuxi , P.R. China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- a Department of Occupational Health , Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Wuxi , P.R. China
| | - Na Sun
- a Department of Occupational Health , Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Wuxi , P.R. China
| | - Chunping Li
- a Department of Occupational Health , Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Wuxi , P.R. China
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Joyce-Tan SM, Zain SM, Abdul Sattar MZ, Abdullah NA. Renin-Angiotensin System Gene Variants and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Influence of Angiotensinogen. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2161376. [PMID: 26682227 PMCID: PMC4670722 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2161376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successfully used to call for variants associated with diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, some variants are not included in the GWAS to avoid penalty in multiple hypothetic testing. Thus, candidate gene approach is still useful even at GWAS era. This study attempted to assess whether genetic variations in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and their gene interactions are associated with T2DM risk. We genotyped 290 T2DM patients and 267 controls using three genes of the RAS, namely, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensinogen (AGT), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1). There were significant differences in allele frequencies between cases and controls for AGT variants (P = 0.05) but not for ACE and AGTR1. Haplotype TCG of the AGT was associated with increased risk of T2DM (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.15-3.20, permuted P = 0.012); however, no evidence of significant gene-gene interactions was seen. Nonetheless, our analysis revealed that the associations of the AGT variants with T2DM were independently associated. Thus, this study suggests that genetic variants of the RAS can modestly influence the T2DM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Mei Joyce-Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Azizan Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Nor Azizan Abdullah:
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Human-specific derived alleles of CD33 and other genes protect against postreproductive cognitive decline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 113:74-9. [PMID: 26621708 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517951112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The individuals of most vertebrate species die when they can no longer reproduce. Humans are a rare exception, having evolved a prolonged postreproductive lifespan. Elders contribute to cooperative offspring care, assist in foraging, and communicate important ecological and cultural knowledge, increasing the survival of younger individuals. Age-related deterioration of cognitive capacity in humans compromises these benefits and also burdens the group with socially costly members. We investigated the contribution of the immunoregulatory receptor CD33 to a uniquely human postreproductive disease, Alzheimer's dementia. Surprisingly, even though selection at advanced age is expected to be weak, a CD33 allele protective against Alzheimer's disease is derived and unique to humans and favors a functional molecular state of CD33 resembling that of the chimpanzee. Thus, derived alleles may be compensatory and restore interactions altered as a consequence of human-specific brain evolution. We found several other examples of derived alleles at other human loci that protect against age-related cognitive deterioration arising from neurodegenerative disease or cerebrovascular insufficiency. Selection by inclusive fitness may be strong enough to favor alleles protecting specifically against cognitive decline in postreproductive humans. Such selection would operate by maximizing the contributions of postreproductive individuals to the fitness of younger kin.
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Epistatic interaction between common AGT G(-6)A (rs5051) and AGTR1 A1166C (rs5186) variants contributes to variation in kidney size at birth. Gene 2015; 572:72-78. [PMID: 26142106 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Low nephron number has been recognised as an important cardiovascular risk factor and recently a strong correlation between renal mass and nephron number has been demonstrated in newborns. The aim of this study was to investigate individual, as well as combined, effects of common variants of genes which encode for major components of the renin-angiotensin system (REN G10601A, AGT G(-6)A, ACE I/D, AGTR1 A1166C) on kidney size in healthy, full-term newborns. A significant additive main effect of the ACE I/D polymorphism, as well as an additive-by-additive interaction between AGT G(-6)A and AGTR1 A1166C variants, were found. The variance attributed to the epistatic effect was 27.9 ml(2)/m(4), which accounted for 73.8% of the interaction variance (37.8 ml(2)/m(4)), 66.4% of the genetic variance (42.0 ml(2)/m(4)) and 4.4% to the total phenotypic variance (628 ml(2)/m(4)). No other statistically significant main or epistatic effects were detected. Our results highlight the importance of considering gene-gene interactions as part of the genetic architecture of congenital nephron number, even when the loci do not show significant single locus effects. Unravelling the genetic determinants of low nephron number, along with early molecular screening, may well help to identify children at risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms and progression of chronic kidney disease in ADPKD patients. Clin Exp Nephrol 2015; 20:561-568. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-015-1183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Salminen LE, Schofield PR, Pierce KD, Zhao Y, Luo X, Wang Y, Laidlaw DH, Cabeen RP, Conturo TE, Tate DF, Akbudak E, Lane EM, Heaps JM, Bolzenius JD, Baker LM, Cagle LM, Paul RH. Neuromarkers of the common angiotensinogen polymorphism in healthy older adults: A comprehensive assessment of white matter integrity and cognition. Behav Brain Res 2015; 296:85-93. [PMID: 26318936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The common angiotensinogen (AGT) M268T polymorphism (rs699; historically referred to as M235T) has been identified as a significant risk factor for cerebrovascular pathologies, yet it is unclear if healthy older adults carrying the threonine amino acid variant have a greater risk for white matter damage in specific fiber tracts. Further, the impact of the threonine variant on cognitive function remains unknown. The present study utilized multiple indices of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neuropsychological assessment to examine the integrity of specific white matter tracts and cognition between individuals with homozygous genotypes of M268T (MetMet n=27, ThrThr n=27). Differences in subcortical hyperintensity (SH) volume were also examined between groups. Results indicated that the threonine variant was associated with significantly reduced integrity in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and the cingulate gyrus segment of the cingulum bundle (cingulum CG) compared to those with the methionine variant, and poorer cognitive performance on tests of attention/processing speed and language. Despite these associations, integrity of these tracts did not significantly mediate relationships between cognition and genetic status, and SH did not differ significantly between groups. Collectively our results suggest that the threonine variant of M268T is a significant risk factor for abnormalities in specific white matter tracts and cognitive domains in healthy older adults, independent of SH burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Salminen
- University of Missouri-St. Louis, Department of Psychological Sciences, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kerrie D Pierce
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Yi Zhao
- Brown University, Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Xi Luo
- Brown University, Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Youdan Wang
- Brown University, Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - David H Laidlaw
- Brown University, Computer Science Department, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Ryan P Cabeen
- Brown University, Computer Science Department, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Thomas E Conturo
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, 510 S. Kingshighway, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health,4633 World Parkway Circle, Berkeley, MO 63134-3115, USA
| | - Erbil Akbudak
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, 510 S. Kingshighway, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Lane
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jodi M Heaps
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health,4633 World Parkway Circle, Berkeley, MO 63134-3115, USA
| | - Jacob D Bolzenius
- University of Missouri-St. Louis, Department of Psychological Sciences, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Laurie M Baker
- University of Missouri-St. Louis, Department of Psychological Sciences, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Lee M Cagle
- University of Missouri-St. Louis, Department of Psychological Sciences, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Robert H Paul
- University of Missouri-St. Louis, Department of Psychological Sciences, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Missouri Institute of Mental Health,4633 World Parkway Circle, Berkeley, MO 63134-3115, USA
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Wang Q, Hu X, Li S, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang R, Sun J, Zhang P, Feng X, Li YG. Association of the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism with recurrence after catheter ablation of acquired atrial fibrillation. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015; 16:888-97. [PMID: 26240116 DOI: 10.1177/1470320315594315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies showed that genetic variants of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene conferred higher risk for acquired atrial fibrillation (AF). The present study investigated whether AGT variants correlate with the clinical outcome in patients with acquired AF after catheter ablation (CA). METHODS A total of 150 acquired symptomatic drug-refractory AF patients (mean age 63.7±11.0 years, 24.6% non-paroxysmal AF) with acquired AF underwent a single CA procedure in our department and were included in this retrospective analysis. Eight tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) in the AGT gene were genotyped. Standard electrocardiographs (ECGs) and 24-hour Holter recordings were performed during a median follow-up period of 57.5 months to detect AF recurrence. RESULTS Sixty-one patients (40.7%) suffered AF recurrences after a single CA procedure during follow up. Of the eight tSNPs, the frequency of the M allele of M235T was significantly higher in the recurrence group (28%) compared to the non-recurrence group (18%) (p=0.042). The recurrence rates of patients with the TT, MT, and MM genotypes were 34.4%, 50%, and 55.6%, respectively (ptrend=0.049). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, left atrial volume index (LAVI) and other covariates, M235T increased the risk of AF recurrence in additive and dominant models with odds ratios of 2.023 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.034-3.926, p=0.033) and 2.601 (95% CI: 1.102-6.056, p=0.025), respectively. However, in multiple correction analyses, the p values of multiple comparisons were not statistically significant (pcorrect>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The M allele of M235T might be associated with an increased risk of AF recurrence after CA. Genotyping may thus be helpful on identifying patients with higher risks of AF recurrence after CA and developing optimal follow-up strategies. These strategies may differ and should be individualized according to patients' genotype. Future studies are warranted to validate the potential effect of AGT M235T on AF recurrence post CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunshan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaofeng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, China
| | - Shuyuan Li
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Pengpai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiangfei Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yi-Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
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Fragoso JM, Alvarez-León E, Delgadillo-Rodríguez H, Arellano-González M, López-Pacheco FC, Cruz-Robles D, Peña-Duque MA, Pérez-Méndez O, Martínez-Ríos MA, Vargas-Alarcón G. The C4280A (rs5705) gene polymorphism of the renin (REN) gene is associated with risk of developing coronary artery disease, but not with restenosis after coronary stenting. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:128-32. [PMID: 26102248 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of AGT and REN gene polymorphisms as susceptibility markers for coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or restenosis after coronary stent placement in a group of Mexican patients. Five polymorphisms of the AGT (rs699, rs4762, rs5051, rs5049, rs5046) and two of the REN (rs5707, rs5705) genes were analyzed by 5' exonuclease TaqMan genotyping assays in 240 patients with CAD who underwent coronary artery stenting (76 with restenosis and 164 without restenosis). A group of 610 individuals without clinical and familial antecedents of cardiovascular diseases were included as controls. The results showed that the distribution of AGT and REN polymorphisms were similar in patients with and without restenosis. However, when the whole group of patients (with and without restenosis) was compared to healthy controls, under co-dominant, dominant, heterozygous and additive models, the REN A4280C (rs5705) polymorphism was associated with increased risk of CAD (OR=1.76, PCo-dom=0.006, OR=1.81, PDom=0.001, OR=1.75, PHet=0.003 and OR=1.59, PAdd=0.003, respectively). All models were adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and smoking habit. The TC haplotype of the REN gene was associated with increased risk of CAD (OR=1.53, P=0.014). The data suggest that the REN C4280A (rs5705) polymorphism plays an important role in the risk of developing CAD with the highest risk for C allele, but do not support its role as a risk factor for developing restenosis after coronary stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edith Alvarez-León
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hilda Delgadillo-Rodríguez
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marva Arellano-González
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - David Cruz-Robles
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Peña-Duque
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Pérez-Méndez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Martínez-Ríos
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Sparks MA, Crowley SD, Gurley SB, Mirotsou M, Coffman TM. Classical Renin-Angiotensin system in kidney physiology. Compr Physiol 2015; 4:1201-28. [PMID: 24944035 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system has powerful effects in control of the blood pressure and sodium homeostasis. These actions are coordinated through integrated actions in the kidney, cardiovascular system and the central nervous system. Along with its impact on blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin system also influences a range of processes from inflammation and immune responses to longevity. Here, we review the actions of the "classical" renin-angiotensin system, whereby the substrate protein angiotensinogen is processed in a two-step reaction by renin and angiotensin converting enzyme, resulting in the sequential generation of angiotensin I and angiotensin II, the major biologically active renin-angiotensin system peptide, which exerts its actions via type 1 and type 2 angiotensin receptors. In recent years, several new enzymes, peptides, and receptors related to the renin-angiotensin system have been identified, manifesting a complexity that was previously unappreciated. While the functions of these alternative pathways will be reviewed elsewhere in this journal, our focus here is on the physiological role of components of the "classical" renin-angiotensin system, with an emphasis on new developments and modern concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Sparks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Pandey VG, Jain S, Rana A, Puri N, Arudra SKC, Mopidevi B, Kaw M, Nasjletti A, Kumar A. Dexamethasone promotes hypertension by allele-specific regulation of the human angiotensinogen gene. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5749-58. [PMID: 25568318 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.601922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human angiotensinogen (hAGT) gene has polymorphisms in its 2.5-kb promoter that form two haplotype (Hap) blocks: -6A/G (-1670A/G, -1562C/T, and -1561T/C) and -217A/G (-532T/C, -793A/G, -1074T/C, and -1178G/A). Hap -6A/-217A is associated with human hypertension, whereas Hap -6G/-217G reduces cardiovascular risk. Hap -6A/-217A has increased promoter activity with enhanced transcription factor binding, including to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Glucocorticoid therapy frequently causes hypertension, the mechanisms for which are incompletely understood. We have engineered double transgenic (TG) mice containing the human renin gene with either Hap of the hAGT gene and examined the physiological significance of glucocorticoid-mediated allele-specific regulation of the hAGT gene. We have also studied the consequential effects on the renin angiotensin system and blood pressure. TG mice with Hap -6A and -6G were treated with and without a low dose of a GR agonist, dexamethasone (2.5 μg/ml), for 72 h. We found greater chromatin-GR binding with increased GR agonist-induced hAGT expression in liver and renal tissues of Hap -6A mice. Additionally, dexamethasone treatment increased circulating hAGT and angiotensin II levels in Hap -6A mice, as compared with -6G mice. Importantly, GR agonist significantly increased blood pressure and redox markers in TG mice with Hap-6A of the hAGT gene. Taken together, our results show, for the first time, that glucocorticoids affect hAGT expression in a haplotype-dependent fashion with SNPs in Hap -6A favoring agonist-induced GR binding. This leads to increased expression of the hAGT, up-regulation of the renin angiotensin system, and increased blood pressure and oxidative stress in Hap -6A mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varunkumar G Pandey
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and the Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, 10595
| | - Sudhir Jain
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Anita Rana
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Nitin Puri
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | | | | | - Meenakshi Kaw
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | | | - Ashok Kumar
- From the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
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Nakamura A. Genotypes of the renin-angiotensin system and glucocorticoid complications. Pediatr Int 2015; 57:72-8. [PMID: 24980618 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) are recognized as important regulators of body mass index (BMI) and systemic blood pressure (BP). An association between these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of AGT and ACE genes and obesity or hypertension has been established. This study examined relationships between the molecular variants of the AGT and ACE genes and bodyweight or BP in children treated with glucocorticoids for nephrotic syndrome. METHODS Twenty Japanese children (male, n = 14; female, n = 6; age, 2-13 years) were genotyped for AGT polymorphisms (M235T and A-6G) and the ACE polymorphisms (insertion/deletion: I/D and rs4341). All of the children studied were treated with daily prednisolone 2 mg/kg for 4 weeks and thereafter alternate-day prednisolone for 8 weeks. BMI, BMI z-scores, blood lipids, renal function and BP in each group were evaluated during the study period. RESULTS BMI and BMI z-scores during the glucocorticoid therapy were significantly higher in the TT genotype of the AGT M235T polymorphisms and the AA genotype of the AGT A-6G polymorphisms compared to other genotypes (P < 0.05). In contrast, the molecular variant of ACE I/D and rs4341 genotypes did not change bodyweight during the glucocorticoid exposure. It was evident, however, that the BP and blood lipids and renal function were not significantly influenced by the AGT and ACE polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS The TT genotype of the AGT M235T and the AA genotype of the A-6G polymorphisms may predispose children to bodyweight gain when initially treated with glucocorticoids for nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Nakamura
- Department of Paediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Paediatrics, Social Insurance Omiya General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Yu H, Lin S, Zhong J, He M, Jin L, Zhang Y, Liu G. A core promoter variant of angiotensinogen gene and interindividual variation in response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 15:540-6. [PMID: 25143324 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313506481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The polymorphic angiotensinogen (AGT) gene is one of the most promising candidates for essential hypertension. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the A-6G variant of the AGT gene and the blood pressure response to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in hypertensive subjects. METHODS Five hundred and nine mildly to moderately hypertensive subjects received ACE inhibitors for six weeks after a two-week run-in period. AGT genotyping was performed by direct polymerase chain reaction amplification and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nucleotide sequencing from peripheral blood. RESULTS The AA genotype, AG genotype, and GG genotype were present in 301 (59.1%), 186 (36.6%), and 22 (4.3%) of patients, respectively. As compared with patients carrying the AA or AG genotype, those carrying the GG genotype had significantly greater reductions in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure (p=0.007, 0.014, 0.027 and 0.005, respectively). Moreover, stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that the A-6G genotype was a significant predictor of systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure reductions (p=0.040 and 0.019, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study indicates that the A-6G variant of the AGT gene may be an important determinant of interindividual variation in the response to ACE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong General Hospital, China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Shuguang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong General Hospital, China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jiuchang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Lijun Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong General Hospital, China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Division of Hypertension, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Guozhang Liu
- Division of Hypertension, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Peking Union Medical College, China
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Tsai CT, Chang SN, Chang SH, Lee JK, Lin LY, Wu CK, Yu CC, Wang YC, Tseng CD, Lai LP, Hwang JJ, Chiang FT, Lin JL. Renin–angiotensin system gene polymorphisms predict the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: A 10-year prospective follow-up study. Heart Rhythm 2014; 11:1384-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zarębska A, Sawczyn S, Kaczmarczyk M, Ficek K, Maciejewska-Karłowska A, Sawczuk M, Leońska-Duniec A, Eider J, Grenda A, Cięszczyk P. Association of rs699 (M235T) polymorphism in the AGT gene with power but not endurance athlete status. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 27:2898-903. [PMID: 23287839 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31828155b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thus far, genetic studies of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with respect to athletic performance or athlete status have mainly focused on the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and its insertion/deletion polymorphism. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional rs699 (M235T) polymorphism in angiotensinogen (AGT), the second most important gene of the RAS, for association with athletic status and level of performance. The study included 123 endurance athletes and 100 power-oriented athletes, who were classified as elite or sub-elite according to competitive achievements at the international level, and 354 unrelated sedentary control subjects. The M235T genotype and allele distributions differed significantly between power and endurance athletes (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0002, genotypes and alleles, respectively) and between power athletes and control subjects (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0002, genotypes and alleles, respectively). The frequency of the CC genotype in the power athlete group was 2.2 times higher and 3.1 times higher than in the control and endurance groups, respectively. No difference was found in M235T allele distribution between elite and sub-elite athletes, either in power- or endurance-oriented athletes. We conclude that the CC genotype of the M235T polymorphism is overrepresented in Polish power athletes, suggesting that the AGT M235T variant is associated with power athletes' status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zarębska
- 1Department of Sport Education, Academy of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland 2Department Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland 3Department of Physical Education and Sport, West Pomeranian Technological Univeristy, Szczecin, Poland
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Basak AA, Sipahi T, Ustundag S, Ozgen Z, Budak M, Sen S, Sener S. Association of Angiotensinogen T174M and M235T Gene Variants with Development of Hypertension in Turkish Subjects of Trakya Region. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2008.10817593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Franceschini N, Le TH. Genetics of hypertension: discoveries from the bench to human populations. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F1-F11. [PMID: 24133117 PMCID: PMC3921821 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00334.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a complex trait that is influenced by both heritable and environmental factors. The search for genes accounting for the susceptibility to hypertension has driven parallel efforts in human research and in research using experimental animals in controlled environmental settings. Evidence from rodent models of genetic hypertension and human Mendelian forms of hypertension and hypotension have yielded mechanistic insights into the pathways that are perturbed in blood pressure homeostasis, most of which converge at the level of renal sodium reabsorption. However, the bridging of evidence from these very diverse approaches to identify mechanisms underlying hypertension susceptibility and the translation of these findings to human populations and public health remain a challenge. Furthermore, findings from genome-wide association studies still require functional validation in experimental models. In this review, we highlight results and implications from key studies in experimental and clinical hypertension to date.
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