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Zhu ML, Fan JX, Guo YQ, Guo LJ, Que HD, Cui BY, Li YL, Guo S, Zhang MX, Yin YL, Li P. Protective effect of alizarin on vascular endothelial dysfunction via inhibiting the type 2 diabetes-induced synthesis of THBS1 and activating the AMPK signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155557. [PMID: 38547622 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the protective effects of alizarin (AZ) on endothelial dysfunction (ED). AZ has inhibition of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced synthesis of thrombospondin 1 (THBS1). Adenosine 5'-monophosphate- activated protein kinase (AMPK), particularly AMPKα2 isoform, plays a critical role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of AZ on vascular injury caused by T2DM and to reveal the potential mechanism of AZ in high glucose (HG)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and diabetic model rats. STUDY DESIGN HUVECs, rats and AMPK-/- transgenic mice were used to investigate the mitigating effects of AZ on vascular endothelial dysfunction caused by T2DM and its in vitro and in vivo molecular mechanisms. METHODS In type 2 diabetes mellitus rats and HUVECs, the inhibitory effect of alizarin on THBS1 synthesis was verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blot (WB) so that increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) content in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we verified protein interactions with immunoprecipitation (IP). To probe the mechanism, we also performed AMPKα2 transfection. AMPK's pivotal role in AZ-mediated prevention against T2DM-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction was tested using AMPKα2-/- mice. RESULTS We first demonstrated that THBS1 and AMPK are targets of AZ. In T2DM, THBS1 was robustly induced by high glucose and inhibited by AZ. Furthermore, AZ activates the AMPK signaling pathway, and recoupled eNOS in stressed endothelial cells which plays a protective role in vascular endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS The main finding of this study is that AZ can play a role in different pathways of vascular injury due to T2DM. Mechanistically, alizarin inhibits the increase in THBS1 protein synthesis after high glucose induction and activates AMPKα2, which increases NO release from eNOS, which is essential in the prevention of vascular endothelial dysfunction caused by T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Li Zhu
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jia-Xin Fan
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Ya-Qi Guo
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Li-Juan Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453119, China
| | - Hua-Dong Que
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Bao-Yue Cui
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yin-Lan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zhang
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Ya-Ling Yin
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
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Sircana MC, Erre GL, Castagna F, Manetti R. Crosstalk between Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Is There a Common Basis? Life (Basel) 2024; 14:716. [PMID: 38929699 PMCID: PMC11204900 DOI: 10.3390/life14060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, although present in lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, do not explain such a high burden of early cardiovascular disease in the context of these systemic connective tissue diseases. Over the past few years, our understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis has changed from it being a lipid-centric to an inflammation-centric process. In this review, we examine the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, the two most common systemic connective tissue diseases, and consider them as emblematic models of the effect of chronic inflammation on the human body. We explore the roles of the inflammasome, cells of the innate and acquired immune system, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, chemokines and soluble pro-inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, and the roles of certain autoantigens and autoantibodies, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein and beta2-glycoprotein, which may play a pathogenetic role in atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberto Manetti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Pharmacology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.L.E.); (F.C.)
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhao X, Wu M, Xia Y. Metabolic reprogramming and interventions in angiogenesis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00178-4. [PMID: 38704087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell (EC) metabolism plays a crucial role in the process of angiogenesis. Intrinsic metabolic events such as glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and glutamine metabolism, support secure vascular migration and proliferation, energy and biomass production, as well as redox homeostasis maintenance during vessel formation. Nevertheless, perturbation of EC metabolism instigates vascular dysregulation-associated diseases, especially cancer. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we aim to discuss the metabolic regulation of angiogenesis by EC metabolites and metabolic enzymes, as well as prospect the possible therapeutic opportunities and strategies targeting EC metabolism. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this work, we discuss various aspects of EC metabolism considering normal and diseased vasculature. Of relevance, we highlight that the implications of EC metabolism-targeted intervention (chiefly by metabolic enzymes or metabolites) could be harnessed in orchestrating a spectrum of pathological angiogenesis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zifang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yikun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yating Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Lin W, Chen H, Chen X, Guo C. The Roles of Neutrophil-Derived Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in Diseases: The New Progress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:132. [PMID: 38275657 PMCID: PMC10812636 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing peroxidase, mainly expressed in neutrophils and, to a lesser extent, in monocytes. MPO is known to have a broad bactericidal ability via catalyzing the reaction of Cl- with H2O2 to produce a strong oxidant, hypochlorous acid (HOCl). However, the overproduction of MPO-derived oxidants has drawn attention to its detrimental role, especially in diseases characterized by acute or chronic inflammation. Broadly speaking, MPO and its derived oxidants are involved in the pathological processes of diseases mainly through the oxidation of biomolecules, which promotes inflammation and oxidative stress. Meanwhile, some researchers found that MPO deficiency or using MPO inhibitors could attenuate inflammation and tissue injuries. Taken together, MPO might be a promising target for both prognostic and therapeutic interventions. Therefore, understanding the role of MPO in the progress of various diseases is of great value. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the diverse roles of MPO in the progression of several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, renal diseases, and lung diseases (including COVID-19). This information serves as a valuable reference for subsequent mechanistic research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Huili Chen
- Center of System Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Chaorui Guo
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
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Alfaro GF, Rodning SP, Moisá SJ. Fetal programming effect of rumen-protected methionine on primiparous Angus × Simmental offspring's performance and skeletal muscle gene expression. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae006. [PMID: 38198718 PMCID: PMC10881097 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Primiparous Angus × Simmental dams (n = 22) with an average body weight (BW) of 449 ± 32 kg of BW were divided based on two nutritional treatments: control (CTRL) and rumen-protected methionine (RPM). The control group received bermudagrass hay, corn gluten, and soybean hulls pellets supplementation (base diet); whereas the RPM group received the base diet in addition to 0.07% of DM of RPM at a fixed rate during the last trimester of gestation and the first ~80 d of lactation, in which calves (n = 17) were early weaned. Only male calves were included in this study. After weaning, calves born to RPM dams also received RPM from weaning (day 1) to day 100. Blood sampling and skeletal muscle biopsies for subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were conducted on days 1, 25, 50, and 100 on calves. Quantitative PCR data were analyzed using GLIMMIX, and blood metabolites concentrations, BW, and body condition score (BCS) were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. There was no difference in maternal BW and BCS between treatments. Glucose and blood metabolites that served as biomarkers for liver health (e.g., aspartate transaminase, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine transaminase) were in the normal levels for all calves (P > 0.40). Calves in the RPM group had a greater expression of adipogenic genes (e.g., PPARG, LPL, and CEBPD) at day 100 compared with CTRL (P < 0.01). In addition, DNA methylation (DNMT1) and oxidative stress-related genes (SOD2 and NOS3) in the RPM group were upregulated at day 100 compared with CTRL (P < 0.01). These results may suggest that calves born to primiparous dams exposed to RPM supplementation are more prone to develop greater adipose tissue than CTRL calves. Furthermore, RPM supplementation may improve methylation processes, as shown by the upregulation of DNMT1. The results shown in our study aim at expanding the knowledge on fetal programming and early-life growth and development of beef cattle under supplementation with RPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón F Alfaro
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Soren P Rodning
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sonia J Moisá
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37998, USA
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Srivastava P, Sudevan ST, Thennavan A, Mathew B, Kanthlal SK. Inhibiting Monoamine Oxidase in CNS and CVS would be a Promising Approach to Mitigating Cardiovascular Complications in Neurodegenerative Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:331-341. [PMID: 36872357 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230303115236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The flavoenzyme monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are present in the mitochondrial outer membrane and are responsible for the metabolism of biogenic amines. MAO deamination of biological amines produces toxic byproducts such as amines, aldehydes, and hydrogen peroxide, which are significant in the pathophysiology of multiple neurodegenerative illnesses. In the cardiovascular system (CVS), these by-products target the mitochondria of cardiac cells leading to their dysfunction and producing redox imbalance in the endothelium of the blood vessels. This brings up the biological relationship between the susceptibility of getting cardiovascular disorders in neural patients. In the current scenario, MAO inhibitors are highly recommended by physicians worldwide for the therapy and management of various neurodegenerative disorders. Many interventional studies reveal the benefit of MAO inhibitors in CVS. Drug candidates who can target both the central and peripheral MAO could be a better to compensate for the cardiovascular comorbidities observed in neurodegenerative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princika Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sachithra Thazhathuveedu Sudevan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, India
| | - Arumugam Thennavan
- Central Lab Animal Facility, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, India
| | - S K Kanthlal
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
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Otunla AA, Shanmugarajah K, Davies AH, Lucia Madariaga M, Shalhoub J. The Biological Parallels Between Atherosclerosis and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: Implications for Solid Organ Chronic Rejection. Cardiol Rev 2024; 32:2-11. [PMID: 38051983 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and solid organ chronic rejection are pervasive chronic disease states that account for significant morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Recently, a series of shared molecular pathways have emerged, revealing biological parallels from early stages of development up to the advanced forms of pathology. These shared mechanistic processes are inflammatory in nature, reflecting the importance of inflammation in both disorders. Vascular inflammation triggers endothelial dysfunction and disease initiation through aberrant vasomotor control and shared patterns of endothelial activation. Endothelial dysfunction leads to the recruitment of immune cells and the perpetuation of the inflammatory response. This drives lesion formation through the release of key cytokines such as IFN-y, TNF-alpha, and IL-2. Continued interplay between the adaptive and innate immune response (represented by T lymphocytes and macrophages, respectively) promotes lesion instability and thrombotic complications; hallmarks of advanced disease in both atherosclerosis and solid organ chronic rejection. The aim of this study is to identify areas of overlap between atherosclerosis and chronic rejection. We then discuss new approaches to improve current understanding of the pathophysiology of both disorders, and eventually design novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolarin A Otunla
- From the Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alun H Davies
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial Vascular Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joseph Shalhoub
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial Vascular Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Silva M, Faustino P. From Stress to Sick(le) and Back Again-Oxidative/Antioxidant Mechanisms, Genetic Modulation, and Cerebrovascular Disease in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1977. [PMID: 38001830 PMCID: PMC10669666 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic disease caused by the homozygosity of the HBB:c.20A>T mutation, which results in the production of hemoglobin S (HbS). In hypoxic conditions, HbS suffers autoxidation and polymerizes inside red blood cells, altering their morphology into a sickle shape, with increased rigidity and fragility. This triggers complex pathophysiological mechanisms, including inflammation, cell adhesion, oxidative stress, and vaso-occlusion, along with metabolic alterations and endocrine complications. SCA is phenotypically heterogeneous due to the modulation of both environmental and genetic factors. Pediatric cerebrovascular disease (CVD), namely ischemic stroke and silent cerebral infarctions, is one of the most impactful manifestations. In this review, we highlight the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of pediatric CVD. Since oxidative stress is an interdependent mechanism in vasculopathy, occurring alongside (or as result of) endothelial dysfunction, cell adhesion, inflammation, chronic hemolysis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and vaso-occlusion, a brief overview of the main mechanisms involved is included. Moreover, the genetic modulation of CVD in SCA is discussed. The knowledge of the intricate network of altered mechanisms in SCA, and how it is affected by different genetic factors, is fundamental for the identification of potential therapeutic targets, drug development, and patient-specific treatment alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Silva
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Paula Faustino
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Grupo Ecogenética e Saúde Humana, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Geethika M, Singh N, Kumar S, Kumar SKN, Mugesh G. A Redox Modulatory SOD Mimetic Nanozyme Prevents the Formation of Cytotoxic Peroxynitrite and Improves Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Human Endothelial Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300621. [PMID: 37524524 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium-derived signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) in addition to controlling multifarious servo-regulatory functions, suppresses key processes in vascular lesion formation and prevents atherogenesis and other vascular abnormalities. The conversion of NO into cytotoxic and powerful oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO- ) in a superoxide (O2 .- )-rich environment has emerged as a major reason for reduced NO levels in vascular walls, leading to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications. So, designing superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics that can selectively catalyze the dismutation of O2 .- in the presence of NO, considering their rapid reaction is challenging and is of therapeutic relevance. Herein, the authors report that SOD mimetic cerium vanadate (CeVO4 ) nanozymes effectively regulate the bioavailability of both NO and O2 .- , the two vital constitutive molecules of vascular endothelium, even in the absence of cellular SOD enzyme. The nanozymes optimally modulate the O2 .- level in endothelial cells under oxidative stress conditions and improve endogenously generated NO levels by preventing the formation of ONOO- . Furthermore, nanoparticles exhibit size- and morphology-dependent uptake into the cells and internalize via the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. Intravenous administration of CeVO4 nanoparticles in mice caused no definite organ toxicity and unaltered haematological and biochemical parameters, indicating their biosafety and potential use in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motika Geethika
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Sagar Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | | | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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Jaime Garcia D, Chagnot A, Wardlaw JM, Montagne A. A Scoping Review on Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Small Vessel Disease: Molecular Insights from Human Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13114. [PMID: 37685924 PMCID: PMC10488088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Small vessel disease (SVD) is a highly prevalent disorder of the brain's microvessels and a common cause of dementia as well as ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes. Though much about the underlying pathophysiology of SVD remains poorly understood, a wealth of recently published evidence strongly suggests a key role of microvessel endothelial dysfunction and a compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the development and progression of the disease. Understanding the causes and downstream consequences associated with endothelial dysfunction in this pathological context could aid in the development of effective diagnostic and prognostic tools and provide promising avenues for potential therapeutic interventions. In this scoping review, we aim to summarise the findings from clinical studies examining the role of the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in SVD, focussing on biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction detectable in biofluids, including cell adhesion molecules, BBB transporters, cytokines/chemokines, inflammatory markers, coagulation factors, growth factors, and markers involved in the nitric oxide cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jaime Garcia
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (D.J.G.); (J.M.W.)
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK;
| | - Audrey Chagnot
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK;
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (D.J.G.); (J.M.W.)
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK;
| | - Axel Montagne
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (D.J.G.); (J.M.W.)
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK;
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Yang YH, Li SS, Wang YC, Yu LL, Zhu HH, Wu JH, Yu WK, An L, Yuan WX, Ji Y, Xu YM, Gao Y, Li YS. Correlation between neutrophil gelatinase phase lipocalin and cerebral small vessel disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1177479. [PMID: 37521280 PMCID: PMC10375489 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1177479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is common in the elderly population. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is closely related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. NGAL causes pathological changes, such as damage to the vascular endothelium, by causing inflammation, which results in other related diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether serum NGAL levels could predict disease severity in patients with CSVD. Methods The patients with CSVD who visited the Department of Neurology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2018 and June 2022 were prospectively included. The total CSVD burden score was calculated using whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the patients were divided into a mild group (total CSVD burden score < 2 points) and a severe group (total CSVD burden score ≥ 2 points). Age, sex, height, smoking and alcohol consumption history, medical history, and serological results of patients were collected to perform the univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors that affect CSVD severity. The multiple linear regression method was used to analyze which individual CSVD markers (periventricular white matter hyperintensities, deep white matter hyperintensities, lacune, and cerebral microbleed) play a role in the association between total CSVD burden score and NGAL. Results A total of 427 patients with CSVD (140 in the mild group and 287 in the severe group) were included in the study. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were significantly associated with CSVD severity: male sex [odds ratio(OR), 1.912; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.150-3.179], age (OR, 1.046; 95% CI, 1.022-1.070), history of cerebrovascular disease (OR, 3.050; 95% CI, 1.764-5.274), serum NGAL level (OR, 1.005; 95% CI, 1.002-1.008), and diabetes (OR, 2.593; 95% CI, 1.424-4.722). A multivariate linear regression shows that periventricular white matter hyperintensities and cerebral microbleed are associated with serum NGAL concentrations (P < 0.05). Conclusion Serum NGAL level is closely related to CSVD severity and is a risk factor for the burden of CSVD brain damage. Serum NGAL has high specificity in reflecting the severity of CSVD.
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Mu L, Sun A, Chen Y, Chen H, Li J, Linghu B, Zhou H, Chi Q, Luan X, Pan Y. Vascular response to the microcirculation in the fingertip by local vibration with varied amplitude. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1197772. [PMID: 37378046 PMCID: PMC10291088 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1197772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We investigated the effect of local vibration intensity on the vascular response to the microcirculation of the finger. Materials and methods: We performed hand-transmitted vibration experiments combined with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) to measure the blood perfusion signals of fingertips in the vibrated hand and the contralateral middle finger under the same frequency and different amplitude vibration, and to analyze the changes of microcirculatory blood perfusion levels in the fingers, and to investigate the effects of vibration stimulation on the endothelial, neural and myogenic regulatory frequency ranges of fingertips based on wavelet analysis. Furthermore, the transparent silicone films were fabricated and cultured with vascular endothelial cell (EC), which will undergo the local vibration with varied amplitude. And the expression of inflammatory factors was detected in the ECs. Results: Low-frequency vibration leads to a decreased blood flow in fingertip, and the degree of reduction in fingertip blood flow increases as the amplitude gradually increases, and the period required for blood flow to return to normal level after hand-transmitted vibration gradually increases. The decrease in blood flow is more pronounced in the vibrating hand than in the contralateral hand. In addition, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression increased significantly with the increase of vibration amplitude. Conclusion: High amplitude vibrations caused the inflammatory reaction of ECs which will lead to the altered endothelial regulatory activity. The endothelial regulatory activity is closely related to the blood perfusion in the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Mu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation, School of Energy and Power, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- The Combination of Medicine and Engineering of Cardiovascular Fluid Dynamics Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Aoran Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation, School of Energy and Power, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Youqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation, School of Energy and Power, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation, School of Energy and Power, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jianda Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation, School of Energy and Power, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Bingqi Linghu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation, School of Energy and Power, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- The Second Hospital Affiliated Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingzhuo Chi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation, School of Energy and Power, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luan
- Department of General Surgery, Central Hopspital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Pan
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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13
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Chen A, Mesfin JM, Gianneschi NC, Christman KL. Intravascularly Deliverable Biomaterial Platforms for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Post-Myocardial Infarction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300603. [PMID: 36989469 PMCID: PMC10539487 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Each year, nearly 19 million people die of cardiovascular disease with coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction (MI) as the leading cause of the progression of heart failure. Due to the high risk associated with surgical procedures, a variety of minimally invasive therapeutics aimed at tissue repair and regeneration are being developed. While biomaterials delivered via intramyocardial injection have shown promise, there are challenges associated with delivery in acute MI. In contrast, intravascularly injectable biomaterials are a desirable category of therapeutics due to their ability to be delivered immediately post-MI via less invasive methods. In addition to passive diffusion into the infarct, these biomaterials can be designed to target the molecular and cellular characteristics seen in MI pathophysiology, such as cells and proteins present in the ischemic myocardium, to reduce off-target localization. These injectable materials can also be stimuli-responsive through enzymes or chemical imbalances. This review outlines the natural and synthetic biomaterial designs that allow for retention and accumulation within the infarct via intravascular delivery, including intracoronary infusion and intravenous injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Chen
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joshua M. Mesfin
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Karen L. Christman
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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14
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Serna E, Mauricio MD, San-Miguel T, Guerra-Ojeda S, Verdú D, Valls A, Arc-Chagnaud C, De la Rosa A, Viña J. Glucose 6-P Dehydrogenase Overexpression Improves Aging-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Aorta from Mice: Role of Arginase II. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043622. [PMID: 36835034 PMCID: PMC9961129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase of vascular arginase activity during aging causes endothelial dysfunction. This enzyme competes with the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) for L-arginine substrate. Our hypothesis is that glucose 6-P dehydrogenase (G6PD) overexpression could improve the endothelial function modulating the arginase pathway in aorta from mice. For this study, three groups of male mice were used: young wild type (WT) (6-9 months), old WT (21-22 months) and old G6PD-Tg (21-22 months) mice. Vascular reactivity results showed a reduced acetylcholine-dependent relaxation in the old WT but not old G6PD-Tg group. Endothelial dysfunction was reverted by nor-NOHA, an arginase inhibitor. Mice overexpressing G6PD underexpressed arginase II and also displayed a lower activity of this enzyme. Moreover, histological analyses demonstrated that age causes a thickness of aortic walls, but this did not occur in G6PD-Tg mice. We conclude that the overexpressing G6PD mouse is a model to improve vascular health via the arginase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Serna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria D Mauricio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa San-Miguel
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sol Guerra-Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - David Verdú
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Valls
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Coralie Arc-Chagnaud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián De la Rosa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Viña
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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15
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Quick S, Procter TV, Moss J, Seeker L, Walton M, Lawson A, Baker S, Beletski A, Garcia DJ, Mohammad M, Mungall W, Onishi A, Tobola Z, Stringer M, Jansen MA, Vallatos A, Giarratano Y, Bernabeu MO, Wardlaw JM, Williams A. Loss of the heterogeneous expression of flippase ATP11B leads to cerebral small vessel disease in a normotensive rat model. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:283-303. [PMID: 35635573 PMCID: PMC9288385 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is the leading cause of vascular dementia, causes a quarter of strokes, and worsens stroke outcomes. The disease is characterised by patchy cerebral small vessel and white matter pathology, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This microvascular and tissue damage has been classically considered secondary to extrinsic factors, such as hypertension, but this fails to explain the patchy nature of the disease, the link to endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction even when hypertension is absent, and the increasing evidence of high heritability to SVD-related brain damage. We have previously shown the link between deletion of the phospholipase flippase Atp11b and EC dysfunction in an inbred hypertensive rat model with SVD-like pathology and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ATP11B associated with human sporadic SVD. Here, we generated a novel normotensive transgenic rat model, where Atp11b is deleted, and show pathological, imaging and behavioural changes typical of those in human SVD, but that occur without hypertension. Atp11bKO rat brain and retinal small vessels show ECs with molecular and morphological changes of dysfunction, with myelin disruption in a patchy pattern around some but not all brain small vessels, similar to the human brain. We show that ATP11B/ATP11B is heterogeneously expressed in ECs in normal rat and human brain even in the same transverse section of the same blood vessel, suggesting variable effects of the loss of ATP11B on each vessel and an explanation for the patchy nature of the disease. This work highlights a link between inherent EC dysfunction and vulnerability to SVD white matter damage with a marked heterogeneity of ECs in vivo which modulates this response, occurring even in the absence of hypertension. These findings refocus our strategies for therapeutics away from antihypertensive (and vascular risk factor) control alone and towards ECs in the effort to provide alternative targets to prevent a major cause of stroke and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Quick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Tessa V Procter
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Jonathan Moss
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Luise Seeker
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Marc Walton
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Angus Lawson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Serena Baker
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anna Beletski
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Daniela Jaime Garcia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Mehreen Mohammad
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - William Mungall
- Bioresearch and Veterinary Services, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Ami Onishi
- Bioresearch and Veterinary Services, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Zuzanna Tobola
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging, Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Michael Stringer
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging, Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Antoine Vallatos
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging, Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Ylenia Giarratano
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, College of Science and Engineering, Bayes Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Miguel O Bernabeu
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, College of Science and Engineering, Bayes Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging, Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Anna Williams
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
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16
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Khosravi-Farsani S, Zaminy A, Kazemi S, Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori M. Mesenchymal stem cells versus their conditioned medium in the treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury: Evaluation of efficacy and hepatic specific gene expression in mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:799-807. [PMID: 36033951 PMCID: PMC9392563 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.62642.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of MSCs on hepatic I/R injury are still poorly described, especially the changes in hepatocyte gene expression. In this study, the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) and their conditioned medium on hepatocyte gene expression resulted by I/R shock were investigated. Materials and Methods Liver ischemia models were induced by clamping in experimental groups. Experimental groups received MSCs or conditioned medium treatments and the control group received Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). During 1, 24 hr, and 1 week after treatment, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes and tissue catalase activity (CAT) were measured. Gene expression of a number of hepatocyte-specific genes (Alb, Afp, and Ck8) and Icam-1 which is upregulated under inflammatory conditions were also evaluated in 5, 24 hr, and 1-week intervals after I/R insult. Results In this study, liver enzymes showed a much more shift in the control group than treated groups and it was more noticeable 5 hr post-treatment. Moreover, gene expression pattern of the control group underwent changes after I/R injury. However, treated groups gene expression analysis met a steady trend after I/R insult. Conclusion Our finding shows that stem cell treatment has better curative effects than conditioned medium. BMSCs, AMSCs or BMSC and AMSC-derived bioactive molecules injection have potential to be considered as a therapeutic approach for treating acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Khosravi-Farsani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Arash Zaminy
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Morteza Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran,Corresponding author: Morteza Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Tel: +98-38-33331471;
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17
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Huang Y, Yue L, Qiu J, Gao M, Liu S, Wang J. Endothelial Dysfunction and Platelet Hyperactivation in Diabetic Complications Induced by Glycemic Variability. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:419-428. [PMID: 35835141 PMCID: PMC9282943 DOI: 10.1055/a-1880-0978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The development and progression of the complications of chronic diabetes mellitus are attributed not only to increased blood glucose levels but also to glycemic variability. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the role of glycemic variability in the development of diabetic complications may provide more insight into targeted clinical treatment strategies in the future. Previously, the mechanisms implicated in glycemic variability-induced diabetic complications have been comprehensively discussed. However, endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivation, which are two newly recognized critical pathogenic factors, have not been fully elucidated yet. In this review, we first evaluate the assessment of glycemic variability and then summarise the roles of endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivation in glycemic variability-induced complications of diabetes, highlighting the molecular mechanisms involved and their interconnections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Huang
- Emergency Department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan
Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long Yue
- Emergency Department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan
Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahuang Qiu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshang Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University
Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing, China
- Correspondence Prof. Jingshang
Wang Capital Medical University Beijing Obstetrics and
Gynecology HospitalDepartment of Traditional Chinese
MedicineBeijingChina 18811213525
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18
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Long Noncoding RNA SCIRT Promotes HUVEC Angiogenesis via Stabilizing VEGFA mRNA Induced by Hypoxia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9102978. [PMID: 35698607 PMCID: PMC9187973 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9102978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is closely associated the abnormal expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), especially for their regulatory roles in IRI-related angiogenesis. This study applied a hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) cell model to simulate the IRI condition, as well as RNA sequencing and RNA pull-down experiments to reveal roles of the lncRNA and Stem Cell Inhibitory RNA Transcript (SCIRT), in endothelial angiogenesis. We found that SCIRT was increased under the HR condition and exhibited a high expression correlation with angiogenesis marker VEGFA. RNA-seq data analysis further revealed that VEGFA-related angiogenesis was regulated by SCIRT in HUVECs. Gain and loss of function experiments proved that SCIRT posttranscriptionally regulated VEGFA via affecting its mRNA stability. Furthermore, HuR (ELAVL1), an RNA binding protein (RBP), was identified as a SCIRT-binding partner, which bound and stabilized VEGFA. Moreover, SCIRT promoted HuR expression posttranslationally by inhibiting its ubiquitination under the HR condition. These findings reveal that lncRNA SCIRT can mediate endothelial angiogenesis by stabilizing the VEGFA mRNA via modulating RBP HuR stability under the HR condition.
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19
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Ackland GL, Abbott TEF. Hypotension as a marker or mediator of perioperative organ injury: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2022; 128:915-930. [PMID: 35151462 PMCID: PMC9204667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perioperative hypotension has been repeatedly associated with organ injury and worse outcome, yet many interventions to reduce morbidity by attempting to avoid or reverse hypotension have floundered. In part, this reflects uncertainty as to what threshold of hypotension is relevant in the perioperative setting. Shifting population-based definitions for hypertension, plus uncertainty regarding individualised norms before surgery, both present major challenges in constructing useful clinical guidelines that may help improve clinical outcomes. Aside from these major pragmatic challenges, a wealth of biological mechanisms that underpin the development of higher blood pressure, particularly with increasing age, suggest that hypotension (however defined) or lower blood pressure per se does not account solely for developing organ injury after major surgery. The mosaic theory of hypertension, first proposed more than 60 yr ago, incorporates multiple, complementary mechanistic pathways through which clinical (macrovascular) attempts to minimise perioperative organ injury may unintentionally subvert protective or adaptive pathways that are fundamental in shaping the integrative host response to injury and inflammation. Consideration of the mosaic framework is critical for a more complete understanding of the perioperative response to acute sterile and infectious inflammation. The largely arbitrary treatment of perioperative blood pressure remains rudimentary in the context of multiple complex adaptive hypertensive endotypes, defined by distinct functional or pathobiological mechanisms, including the regulation of reactive oxygen species, autonomic dysfunction, and inflammation. Developing coherent strategies for the management of perioperative hypotension requires smarter, mechanistically solid interventions delivered by RCTs where observer bias is minimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth L Ackland
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Tom E F Abbott
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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20
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Singh H, Agrawal DK. Recent advances in the development of active hybrid molecules in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 62:116706. [PMID: 35364524 PMCID: PMC9018605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Multifactorial nature of the underlying pathophysiology of chronic disorders hinders in the effective treatment and management of many complex diseases. The conventional targeted therapies have limited applications due to highly complicated disease etiology. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Currently, there is limited knowledge on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of many of the CVDs due to their complex pathophysiology and co-morbidities. Their management with conventional medications results in failure due to adverse drug reactions and clinical specificity of solo-targeting drug therapy. Therefore, it is critical to introduce an alternative strategy to treat multi-factorial diseases. In the past few years, discovery and use of multi-targeted drug therapy with hybrid molecules have shown promising results with minimal side effects, and thus considered a most effective approach. In this review article, prominent hybrid molecules combining with different active moieties are reported to synergistically and simultaneously block different pathways involved in CVDs. Here, we provide a critical evaluation and discussion on their pharmacology with mechanistic insights and the structure activity relationship. The timely information provided in this article reveals the recent trends of molecular hybridization to the scientific community interested in CVDs and help them in designing the next generation of multi-targeting drug therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harbinder Singh
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
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21
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Association of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphisms with Coronary Artery Disease in North Indian Punjabi Population. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:2120-2136. [PMID: 35260951 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) a potent vasodilator synthesized by endothelial cells has anti-atherosclerotic properties and maintains vascular tone. It has been documented that its reduced bioavailability in vascular endothelium plays an important role in the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of - 786 T > C and 894 G > T polymorphisms of eNOS with CAD. This study included 211 CAD patients and 260 controls of North Indian Punjabi population. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the TC and CC genotypes of - 786 T > C were significantly associated with the higher risk of CAD (OR: 2.00, p = 0.001: OR: 4.63, p = 0.001, respectively). Similarly, the GT and TT genotypes of 894 G > T were found to be significantly associated with the higher risk of CAD (OR: 1.96, p = 0.001; OR: 4.54, p = 0.005, respectively). Moreover, the recessive model in - 786 T > C (OR: 3.58, p = 0.002) and 894 G > T (OR: 3.62, p = 0.009) polymorphisms provided 3.6-fold increased risk for CAD. Furthermore, the CG, TT, and CT haplotypes were also associated with the increased risk of CAD (OR: 2.1, p = 0.001; OR: 2, p = 0.002; OR: 3.1, p = 0.001, respectively). In addition, the CC genotype of - 786 T > C and GT genotype of 894 G > T were significantly associated with higher levels of triglycerides (TG) and very low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (VLDL-C). The present study reported the association of - 786 T > C and 894 G > T polymorphisms of eNOS with CAD and abnormal lipid levels in North Indian Punjabi population.
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22
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Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Response to Endothelial Dysfunction and Clinical Evidences. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413675. [PMID: 34948469 PMCID: PMC8708779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by the swelling of multiple joints, pain and stiffness, and accelerated atherosclerosis. Sustained immune response and chronic inflammation, which characterize RA, may induce endothelial activation, damage and dysfunction. An equilibrium between endothelial damage and repair, together with the preservation of endothelial integrity, is of crucial importance for the homeostasis of endothelium. Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) represent a heterogenous cell population, characterized by the ability to differentiate into mature endothelial cells (ECs), which contribute to vascular homeostasis, neovascularization and endothelial repair. A modification of the number and function of EPCs has been described in numerous chronic inflammatory and auto-immune conditions; however, reports that focus on the number and functions of EPCs in RA are characterized by conflicting results, and discrepancies exist among different studies. In the present review, the authors describe EPCs' role and response to RA-related endothelial modification, with the aim of illustrating current evidence regarding the level of EPCs and their function in this disease, to summarize EPCs' role as a biomarker in cardiovascular comorbidities related to RA, and finally, to discuss the modulation of EPCs secondary to RA therapy.
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23
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Bakbak E, Terenzi DC, Trac JZ, Teoh H, Quan A, Glazer SA, Rotstein OD, Al-Omran M, Verma S, Hess DA. Lessons from bariatric surgery: Can increased GLP-1 enhance vascular repair during cardiometabolic-based chronic disease? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:1171-1188. [PMID: 34228302 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity represent entangled pandemics that accelerate the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the immense burden of CVD in society, non-invasive prevention and treatment strategies to promote cardiovascular health are desperately needed. During T2D and obesity, chronic dysglycemia and abnormal adiposity result in systemic oxidative stress and inflammation that deplete the vascular regenerative cell reservoir in the bone marrow that impairs blood vessel repair and exacerbates the penetrance of CVD co-morbidities. This novel translational paradigm, termed 'regenerative cell exhaustion' (RCE), can be detected as the depletion and dysfunction of hematopoietic and endothelial progenitor cell lineages in the peripheral blood of individuals with established T2D and/or obesity. The reversal of vascular RCE has been observed after administration of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), empagliflozin, or after bariatric surgery for severe obesity. In this review, we explore emerging evidence that links improved dysglycemia to a reduction in systemic oxidative stress and recovery of circulating pro-vascular progenitor cell content required for blood vessel repair. Given that bariatric surgery consistently increases systemic glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) release, we also focus on evidence that the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) during obesity may act to inhibit the progression of systemic dysglycemia and adiposity, and indirectly reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby limiting the impact of RCE. Therefore, therapeutic intervention with currently-available GLP-1RA may provide a less-invasive modality to reverse RCE, bolster vascular repair mechanisms, and improve cardiometabolic risk in individuals living with T2D and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniella C Terenzi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Z Trac
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen A Glazer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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Basehore SE, Bohlman S, Weber C, Swaminathan S, Zhang Y, Jang C, Arany Z, Clyne AM. Laminar Flow on Endothelial Cells Suppresses eNOS O-GlcNAcylation to Promote eNOS Activity. Circ Res 2021; 129:1054-1066. [PMID: 34605247 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Basehore
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA (S.E.B., S.S.).,Fischell Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park (S.B., C.W., A.M.C.)
| | - Samantha Bohlman
- Fischell Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park (S.B., C.W., A.M.C.)
| | - Callie Weber
- Fischell Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park (S.B., C.W., A.M.C.)
| | - Swathi Swaminathan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA (S.E.B., S.S.)
| | - Yuji Zhang
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.Z.)
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine (C.J.)
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Z.A.)
| | - Alisa Morss Clyne
- Fischell Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park (S.B., C.W., A.M.C.)
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25
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Potential Influential Factors of In-Hospital Myocardial Reinfarction in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Patients: Finding from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China- (CCC-) Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Project. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9977312. [PMID: 34659644 PMCID: PMC8514929 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9977312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 39915 inpatients with a discharge diagnosis of STEMI from the CCC-ACS project phase I and II were included. The prevalence of the medical history, clinical complications on admission and treatment during hospitalization in the STEMI inpatients with and without in-hospital reinfarction was presented. The factors that were differentially distributed and of critical clinical significance (e.g., age, sex, heart rate, smoking, MI history, HF history, COPD history, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, PCI treatment, administration of DAPT, and statins) were entered into standard Cox regression model and competing risk model for potential influential factors of in-hospital reinfarction. Patients with a higher heart rate (OR 1.018; 95% CI 1.003 to 1.033) were more susceptible to in-hospital reinfarction. Myocardial infarction history (OR 2.840; 95% CI 1.160 to 6.955) was a risk factor of in-hospital reinfarction independent of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia.
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Lopez-Gomez M, Llop E, Puente A, Hernández Conde M, Ruiz P, Alvárez S, Martínez JL, Abad J, Fernández N, Perelló C, Fernández-Carrillo C, Ferre C, Trapero M, Fraga E, Crespo J, Calleja Panero JL. Non-malignant portal vein thrombosis in a cohort of cirrhotic patients: Incidence and risk factors. Hepatol Res 2021; 51:1064-1072. [PMID: 34324766 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Non-malignant portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a complication of liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the annual incidence of PVT and related risk factors. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed clinical, laboratory, and radiological data collected prospectively from September 2016 to September 2017. A follow-up of 36 months was performed in a subset of patients to determine the cumulative incidence of PVT and related complications. RESULTS The study included 567 patients. The incidence of PVT at 12, 24, and 36 months was 3.7%, 0.8%, and 1.4%, respectively. Patients with PVT were compared with patients without PVT, and showed differences in albumin (p = 0.04), aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.04), hemoglobin (p = 0.01), and prothrombin activity (p = 0.01). The presence of hydropic decompensation (57.1% vs. 30.1%; p 0.004), gastroesophageal varices (76.2% vs. 39.5%; p = 0.05), variceal bleeding (52.4% vs. 22.7%; p < 0.001), hepatic encephalopathy (38.1% vs. 9.9%; p = 0.01), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (9.5% vs. 1.7%; p < 0.001), and use of beta-blockers (71.4% vs. 27.7%; p < 0.001) were significantly associated. In the multivariate analysis, use of beta-blockers and hepatic encephalopathy appeared as risk factors, and high albumin levels a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of PVT was 3.7%. Beta-blockers and hepatic encephalopathy were risks factors. High albumin levels were a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lopez-Gomez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elba Llop
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Puente
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández Conde
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Silvia Alvárez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Martínez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Abad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Fernández
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christie Perelló
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández-Carrillo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Ferre
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Trapero
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Fraga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Calleja Panero
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
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Sherratt SCR, Dawoud H, Bhatt DL, Malinski T, Mason RP. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids have distinct effects on endothelial fatty acid content and nitric oxide bioavailability. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 173:102337. [PMID: 34464785 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with high dose icosapent ethyl (IPE), an ethyl ester of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), significantly reduced ischemic events in patients with either cardiovascular disease (CV) or diabetes plus other risk factors (REDUCE-IT) but the mechanism is not well understood. We compared the effects of EPA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) on bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and fatty acid composition. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with EPA, DHA, or AA (10 µM). Cells were stimulated with calcium ionophore and NO and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) were measured using porphyrinic nanosensors. Levels of EPA, DHA, AA and other fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography (GC). EPA treatment caused the greatest NO release (18%, p < 0.001) and reduction in ONOO- (13%, p < 0.05) compared to control; the [NO]/[ ONOO-] ratio increased by 35% (p < 0.001). DHA treatment increased NO levels by 12% (p < 0.01) but had no effect on ONOO- release. AA did not affect either NO or ONOO- release. Fatty acid treatments increased their respective levels in endothelial cells. EPA levels increased 10-fold to 4.59 mg/g protein (p < 0.001) with EPA treatment and the EPA/AA ratio increased by 10-fold (p < 0.001) compared to vehicle. Only EPA increased docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, omega-3) levels by 2-fold (p < 0.001). AA alone decreased the EPA/AA ratio 4-fold (p<0.001). These findings support a preferential benefit of EPA on endothelial function and omega-3 fatty acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C R Sherratt
- Elucida Research LLC, Beverly, MA 01915-0091, United States; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Hazem Dawoud
- Nanomedical Research Laboratory, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6110, United States
| | - Tadeusz Malinski
- Nanomedical Research Laboratory, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States
| | - R Preston Mason
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6110, United States; Elucida Research LLC, Beverly, MA 01915-0091, United States.
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28
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Dynamic Crosstalk between Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and the Aged Extracellular Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810175. [PMID: 34576337 PMCID: PMC8468233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is accompanied by the fragmentation of elastic fibers and collagen deposition, leading to reduced distensibility and increased vascular stiffness. A rigid artery facilitates elastin to degradation by MMPs, exposing vascular cells to greater mechanical stress and triggering signaling mechanisms that only exacerbate aging, creating a self-sustaining inflammatory environment that also promotes vascular calcification. In this review, we highlight the role of crosstalk between smooth muscle cells and the vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) and how aging promotes smooth muscle cell phenotypes that ultimately lead to mechanical impairment of aging arteries. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and the role of associated changes in ECM during aging may contribute to new approaches to prevent or delay arterial aging and the onset of cardiovascular diseases.
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Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Farkhondeh T, Talebi M, Kopustinskiene DM, Samarghandian S, Bernatoniene J. An Overview of NO Signaling Pathways in Aging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154533. [PMID: 34361685 PMCID: PMC8348219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a potent signaling molecule involved in the regulation of various cellular mechanisms and pathways under normal and pathological conditions. NO production, its effects, and its efficacy, are extremely sensitive to aging-related changes in the cells. Herein, we review the mechanisms of NO signaling in the cardiovascular system, central nervous system (CNS), reproduction system, as well as its effects on skin, kidneys, thyroid, muscles, and on the immune system during aging. The aging-related decline in NO levels and bioavailability is also discussed in this review. The decreased NO production by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was revealed in the aged cardiovascular system. In the CNS, the decline of the neuronal (n)NOS production of NO was related to the impairment of memory, sleep, and cognition. NO played an important role in the aging of oocytes and aged-induced erectile dysfunction. Aging downregulated NO signaling pathways in endothelial cells resulting in skin, kidney, thyroid, and muscle disorders. Putative therapeutic agents (natural/synthetic) affecting NO signaling mechanisms in the aging process are discussed in the present study. In summary, all of the studies reviewed demonstrate that NO plays a crucial role in the cellular aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Pourbagher-Shahri
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran;
| | - Dalia M. Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (J.B.)
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30
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The mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase system (TrxR2) in vascular endothelium controls peroxynitrite levels and tissue integrity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:1921828118. [PMID: 33579817 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921828118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin system encompasses NADPH, thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2), thioredoxin 2, and peroxiredoxins 3 and 5 (Prx3 and Prx5) and is crucial to regulate cell redox homeostasis via the efficient catabolism of peroxides (TrxR2 and Trxrd2 refer to the mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase protein and gene, respectively). Here, we report that endothelial TrxR2 controls both the steady-state concentration of peroxynitrite, the product of the reaction of superoxide radical and nitric oxide, and the integrity of the vascular system. Mice with endothelial deletion of the Trxrd2 gene develop increased vascular stiffness and hypertrophy of the vascular wall. Furthermore, they suffer from renal abnormalities, including thickening of the Bowman's capsule, glomerulosclerosis, and functional alterations. Mechanistically, we show that loss of Trxrd2 results in enhanced peroxynitrite steady-state levels in both vascular endothelial cells and vessels by using a highly sensitive redox probe, fluorescein-boronate. High steady-state peroxynitrite levels were further found to coincide with elevated protein tyrosine nitration in renal tissue and a substantial change of the redox state of Prx3 toward the oxidized protein, even though glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) expression increased in parallel. Additional studies using a mitochondria-specific fluorescence probe (MitoPY1) in vessels revealed that enhanced peroxynitrite levels are indeed generated in mitochondria. Treatment with Mn(III)tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin [Mn(III)TMPyP], a peroxynitrite-decomposition catalyst, blunted intravascular formation of peroxynitrite. Our data provide compelling evidence for a yet-unrecognized role of TrxR2 in balancing the nitric oxide/peroxynitrite ratio in endothelial cells in vivo and thus establish a link between enhanced mitochondrial peroxynitrite and disruption of vascular integrity.
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Olabiyi AA, AlliSmith YR, Ukwenya VO. Quercetin enhances sexual behavior and improves ectonucleotidases activity in the hypothalamus of rats treated with cyclosporine. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13864. [PMID: 34263471 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to confirm the erectile potential of Quercetin (Q) in cyclosporine-induced hypertensive rats, this research assesses the influence of Q on the ectonucleotidases and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the brains of rats. Male Wistar rats (200 g-250 g) were divided into five groups at random: Normal control (CTRL), cyclosporine-induced hypertensive rats (25 mg kg day-1 ) (HT) group, positive control (Sildenafil [SIL], 5 mg kg day-1 ), Quercetin 25 mg kg day-1 (25 Q), and Quercetin 50 mg kg day-1 (50 Q). Aside from standard diet-fed male rats; cyclosporine was given i.p for the period of 30 days as well as Q orally while the female rats were only given a standard diet. The animals were subjected to sexual activity (copulation) after which the male rat hypothalamus was dissected for biochemical examination (E-NTPDase activities, ecto-5'-nucleotidase as well as ADA and also levels of nitric oxide [NO]). We observed that Q enhanced copulatory behavior as evident in mounting, intromission, ejaculation numbers, and latencies. A substantial (p < .05) increase in the activity of E-NTPDase (ATP and ADP as substrate) without any notable difference in the action of ecto-5' nucleotidase was facilitated by cyclosporine-induction when compared to the CTRL. The 50 mg/kg, however, had the highest reversal effect in accordance with dose manner. Also, cyclosporine increased ADA activity with a concomitant reduction of NO level while both doses of Q down-regulated ADA activity and, increased NO levels. Enhanced sexual behavior, modulation of ectonucleotidases as well as ADA activity and increased NO levels suggest that Q-rich plant foods may be promising sources of dietary phytonutrients for erectile dysfunction (ED) management. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Behavioral and biochemical assays evaluated showed that Q significantly enhanced sexual behavior as well as improved ATP bioavailability in cyclosporine-induced erectile dysfunctional rats. The modulatory effects of Q on ectonucleotidases, along with its ability to minimize adenosine deaminase activity and increase nitric oxide levels, indicate that Q-rich plants and/or plant foods may be promising sources of dietary phytonutrients for erectile dysfunction management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Augustine Olabiyi
- Functional Food and Nutraceutical Unit, Medical Biochemistry Department, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Victor Okoliko Ukwenya
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Rusidzé M, Adlanmérini M, Chantalat E, Raymond-Letron I, Cayre S, Arnal JF, Deugnier MA, Lenfant F. Estrogen receptor-α signaling in post-natal mammary development and breast cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5681-5705. [PMID: 34156490 PMCID: PMC8316234 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
17β-estradiol controls post-natal mammary gland development and exerts its effects through Estrogen Receptor ERα, a member of the nuclear receptor family. ERα is also critical for breast cancer progression and remains a central therapeutic target for hormone-dependent breast cancers. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the complex ERα signaling pathways that involve either classical nuclear “genomic” or membrane “non-genomic” actions and regulate in concert with other hormones the different stages of mammary development. We describe the cellular and molecular features of the luminal cell lineage expressing ERα and provide an overview of the transgenic mouse models impacting ERα signaling, highlighting the pivotal role of ERα in mammary gland morphogenesis and function and its implication in the tumorigenic processes. Finally, we describe the main features of the ERα-positive luminal breast cancers and their modeling in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Rusidzé
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Adlanmérini
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Chantalat
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - I Raymond-Letron
- LabHPEC et Institut RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS U-5070, EFS, ENVT, Inserm U1301, Toulouse, France
| | - Surya Cayre
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Ange Deugnier
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France.
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Alexandraki KI, Kandaraki EA, Poulia KA, Piperi C, Papadimitriou E, Papaioannou TG. Assessment of Early Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. TOUCHREVIEWS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 17:37-53. [PMID: 35118445 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2021.17.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous syndrome, with long-term sequelae from birth to senescence. The long-term effects of PCOS are attributed to several metabolic aberrations ensuing the syndrome. In a systematic review of literature regarding the cardiovascular risk factors that accompany PCOS, we found that macrovascular function has been assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), microvascular function by venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP), and arterial structure by ultrasonographic assessment of intima-media thickness (IMT) usually of the carotid artery. Contradictory results have been reported; however, in most studies, endothelial dysfunction, an early marker of atherosclerosis assessed either by haemodynamic methods such as FMD or by biochemical methods such as endothelin-1 levels, was found to be impaired. VOP is a less-studied method, with few indices altered. IMT was found to be altered in most of the included studies, but the population was more heterogeneous. Inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, were also found to be altered in most studies. On the other hand, a number of interventions have been shown beneficial for the markers of cardiovascular risk, in the context of insulin-sensitizers. However, other interventions such as oral contraceptive pills or statins did not consistently show a similar beneficial effect. In summary, the early identification and eventual treatment of cardiovascular clinical and biochemical risk factors may be used in clinical practice to prevent potential 'silent' triggers of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystallenia I Alexandraki
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Eleitho Practice, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni A Kandaraki
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes Mellitus, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Theodoros G Papaioannou
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Pereira BMV, Katakia YT, Majumder S, Thieme K. Unraveling the epigenetic landscape of glomerular cells in kidney disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:785-803. [PMID: 33763722 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern and its prevalence and incidence are rising quickly. It is a non-communicable disease primarily caused by diabetes and/or hypertension and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite decades of research efforts, the pathogenesis of CKD remains a puzzle with missing pieces. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern the loss of kidney function is crucial. Abrupt regulation of gene expression in kidney cells is apparent in CKD and shown to be responsible for disease onset and progression. Gene expression regulation extends beyond DNA sequence and involves epigenetic mechanisms including changes in DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones, driven by the activity of specific enzymes. Recent advances demonstrate the essential participation of epigenetics in kidney (patho)physiology, as its actions regulate both the integrity of cells but also triggers deleterious signaling pathways. Here, we review the known epigenetic processes regulating the complex filtration unit of the kidney, the glomeruli. The review will elaborate on novel insights into how epigenetics contributes to cell injury in the CKD setting majorly focusing on kidney glomerular cells: the glomerular endothelial cells, the mesangial cells, and the specialized and terminally differentiated podocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Maria Veloso Pereira
- Laboratório de Bases Celulares e Moleculares da Fisiologia Renal, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yash T Katakia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Syamantak Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Karina Thieme
- Laboratório de Bases Celulares e Moleculares da Fisiologia Renal, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Jung R, Wild J, Ringen J, Karbach S, Wenzel P. Innate Immune Mechanisms of Arterial Hypertension and Autoimmune Disease. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:143-153. [PMID: 32930786 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is indispensable in the development of vascular dysfunction and hypertension. The interplay between immune cells and the vasculature, kidneys, heart, and blood pressure regulating nuclei in the central nervous system results in a complex and closely interwoven relationship of the immune system with arterial hypertension. A better understanding of this interplay is necessary for optimized and individualized antihypertensive therapy. Our review article focuses on innate cells in hypertension and to what extent they impact on development and preservation of elevated blood pressure. Moreover, we address the association of hypertension with chronic autoimmune diseases. The latter are ideally suited to learn about immune-mediated mechanisms in cardiovascular disease leading to high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jung
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Ringen
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Endogenous flux of nitric oxide: Citrulline is preferred to Arginine. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13572. [PMID: 33089645 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both arginine (Arg) and its precursor citrulline (Cit) have received much interest in the past two decades because of their potential effects on whole-body nitric oxide (NO) production and augmentation of NO-dependent signalling pathways. However, the usefulness of Arg supplementation for NO production is questionable because of its high splanchnic first pass metabolism (FPM), which limits its systemic availability. Both hepatic- and extrahepatic arginases critically limit the availability of Arg for the NO synthase enzymes (NOSs) and therefore, a limited amount of oral Arg can reach the systemic circulation for NO synthesis. Arg also has some undesired effects including induction of arginase activity, an increase of urea levels, a decrease of cellular uptake of Cit and decrease of recycling of Arg from Cit. In contrast, Cit has more availability as an NO precursor because of its high intestinal absorption, low FPM and high renal reabsorption. At the cellular level, co-localization of Cit transport systems and the enzymes involved in the Cit-Arg-NO pathway facilitates channelling of Cit into NO. Furthermore, cells preferably use Cit rather than either intra- or extracellular Arg to improve NO output, especially in high-demand situations. In conclusion, available evidence strongly supports the concept that Cit leads to higher NO production and suggests that Cit may have a better therapeutic effect than Arg for NO-disrupted conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Human Dietetics Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education City University of New York School of Medicine New York NY USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Abstract
Coronary artery atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic plaque rupture cause coronary artery disease (CAD). Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and its cell receptor RAGE, and soluble receptor (sRAGE) and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. AGE and its interaction with RAGE are atherogenic, while sRAGE and esRAGE have antiatherogenic effects. AGE-RAGE stress is a ratio of AGE/sRAGE. A high AGE-RAGE stress results in development and progression of CAD and vice-versa. AGE levels in serum and skin, AGE/sRAGE in patients with CAD, and expression of RAGE in animal model of atherosclerosis were higher, while serum levels of esRAGE were lower in patients with CAD compared with controls. Serum levels of sRAGE in CAD patients were contradictory, increased or decreased. This contradictory data may be due to type of patients used, because the sRAGE levels are elevated in diabetics and end-stage renal disease. AGE/sRAGE ratio is elevated in patients with reduced or elevated levels of serum sRAGE. It is to stress that AGE, RAGE, sRAGE, or esRAGE individually cannot serve as universal biomarker. AGE and sRAGE should be measured simultaneously to assess the AGE-RAGE stress. The treatment of CAD should be targeted at reduction in AGE levels, prevention of AGE formation, degradation of AGE in vivo, suppression of RAGE expression, blockade of RAGE, elevation of sRAGE, and use of antioxidants. In conclusion, AGE-RAGE stress would initiate the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Treatment modalities would prevent, regress, and slow the progression of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Asari H, Sugiyanta S. Influence of Administering Watermelon Rind Water Extract (Citrullus vulgaris Schard) on Glucose Level of Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced with Streptozotosin. FOLIA MEDICA INDONESIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v56i3.24528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Watermelon rind water extract contain of citrulline. Citrulline is a precursor of generating Nitric Oxide (NO). NO possibly reduced the level of blood glucose in streptozotosin-induced diabetic rats. This study was a laboratory experimental study completely randomized design. A number of 30 male albino Wistar rats weighting 100 – 200 gr were devided into six groups (N=5), with group 1 served as normal control group. The other groups were given streptozotosin to induced diabetes mellitus. The rats in control diabetic group were given CMC 0,5%, the others were given watermelon rind extracs for 8 days with different doses for each group. The results showed that serum glucose levels in posttest control group was significantly different, from that group of the watermelon rind extract 250 mg/kg bw/day (p = 0,000), groups of watermelon rind extract 500 mg/kgbw/day (p = 0,000) and groups of watermelon rind extract 1000 mg/kgbw/day (p = 0,000). The level of triglyceride in postest control was significantly different from that group of the watermelon rind extract 250 mg/kg bw/day (p = 0,000), groups of watermelon rind extract 500 mg/kgbw/day (p = 0,000) and groups of watermelon rind extract 1000 mg/kgbw/day (p = 0,000).The conclusion, the watermelon rind water extrac can be used to reduced glucose serum level (250, 500, 1000mg/kg bw) with the optimal dose was 500 mg /kgbw/day with the optimal dose was 1000 mg /kgbw/day.
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Alexandraki KI, Kandaraki EA, Poulia KA, Piperi C, Papadimitriou E, Papaioannou TG. Assessment of Early Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. EUROPEAN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.17925/ee.2021.1.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Singh P, Stephenson R, Castillo A, Majid DSA. High-salt intake reduces renal tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines in mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14621. [PMID: 33345460 PMCID: PMC7750173 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High salt (HS) intake is usually considered as an aggravating factor to induce inflammatory renal injury. However, the changes in the renal levels of inflammatory cytokines during HS intake is not yet clearly defined. We hypothesize that HS increases renal levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but decreases interleukin-10 (IL-10; anti-inflammatory cytokine) and these responses exacerbate in NO deficient conditions. Both wild-type (WT) and endothelial NO synthase knockout (eNOSKO) mice (~8 weeks old, n = 6 in each group) were given normal-salt (NS; 0.3% NaCl) and HS (4% NaCl) containing diets for 2 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was determined by tail-cuff plethysmography and urine collections were made using metabolic cages. Basal SBP was higher in eNOSKO than WT mice (131 ± 7 vs 117 ± 3 mmHg; p < .05). HS intake for 2 weeks increased SBP in eNOSKO (161 ± 5 mmHg) but not in WT mice. In NS groups, the cytokine levels in renal tissues (measured using ELISA kits and expressed in pg/mg protein) were significantly higher in eNOSKO than WT mice (TNF-α, 624 ± 67 vs. 325 ± 73; IL-6, 619 ± 106 vs. 166 ± 61; IL-10, 6,087 ± 567 vs. 3,929 ± 378). Interestingly, these cytokine levels in HS groups were significantly less both in WT (TNF-α, 114 ± 17; IL-6, 81 ± 14; IL-10, 865 ± 130) and eNOSKO (TNF-α, 115 ± 18; IL-6, 56 ± 7; IL-10, 882 ± 141) mice. These findings indicate that HS induces downregulation of cytokines in the kidney. Such HS-induced reduction in cytokines, particularly TNF-α (a natriuretic agent), would facilitate more salt-retention, and thus, leading to salt-sensitive hypertension in NO deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Singh
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Centre of ExcellenceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Roxan Stephenson
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Centre of ExcellenceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Alexander Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Centre of ExcellenceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Dewan S. A. Majid
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Centre of ExcellenceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
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Zhang M, Gao J, Zhao X, Zhao M, Ma D, Zhang X, Tian D, Pan B, Yan X, Wu J, Meng X, Yin H, Zheng L. p38α in macrophages aggravates arterial endothelium injury by releasing IL-6 through phosphorylating megakaryocytic leukemia 1. Redox Biol 2021; 38:101775. [PMID: 33171330 PMCID: PMC7658717 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages regulate the inflammatory response and affect re-endothelialization. Inflammation and macrophages play important roles in promoting tissue repair, but p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase's role in re-endothelialization is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Wire injuries of carotid arteries and Evans blue staining were performed in macrophage-specific p38α-knockout (p38αfl/flLysMCre+/-) mice and control mice (p38αfl/fl). Re-endothelialization of the carotid arteries at 3, 5 and 7 days was significantly promoted in p38αfl/flLysMCre+/- mice. In vitro experiments indicated that both the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells were enhanced in conditioned medium from peritoneal macrophages of p38αfl/flLysMCre+/- mice. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) level was decreased significantly in macrophages of p38αfl/flLysMCre+/- mice and an IL-6-neutralizing antibody promoted endothelial cell migration in vitro and re-endothelialization in p38αfl/fl mice in vivo. Phosphoproteomics revealed that the phosphorylation level of S544/T545/S549 sites in megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1) was decreased in p38αfl/flLysMCre+/- mice. The mutation of either S544/S549 or T545/S549 sites could reduce the expression of IL-6 and the inhibition of MKL1 reduced the expression of IL-6 in vitro and promoted re-endothelialization in vivo. CONCLUSION p38α in macrophages aggravates injury of arteries by phosphorylating MKL1, and increasing IL-6 expression after vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jianing Gao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Mingming Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Dong Ma
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New City, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China.
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education. Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan E Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Dongping Tian
- Dept. of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, No.22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bing Pan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.
| | - Jianwei Wu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xia Meng
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Huiyong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (SINH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Wu X, Sun X, Sharma S, Lu Q, Yegambaram M, Hou Y, Wang T, Fineman JR, Black SM. Arginine recycling in endothelial cells is regulated BY HSP90 and the ubiquitin proteasome system. Nitric Oxide 2020; 108:12-19. [PMID: 33338599 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the saturating concentrations of intracellular l-arginine, nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells (EC) can be stimulated by exogenous arginine. This phenomenon, termed the "arginine paradox" led to the discovery of an arginine recycling pathway in which l-citrulline is recycled to l-arginine by utilizing two important urea cycle enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). Prior work has shown that ASL is present in a NO synthetic complex containing hsp90 and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). However, it is unclear whether hsp90 forms functional complexes with ASS and ASL and if it is involved regulating their activity. Thus, elucidating the role of hsp90 in the arginine recycling pathway was the goal of this study. Our data indicate that both ASS and ASL are chaperoned by hsp90. Inhibiting hsp90 activity with geldanamycin (GA), decreased the activity of both ASS and ASL and decreased cellular l-arginine levels in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). hsp90 inhibition led to a time-dependent decrease in ASS and ASL protein, despite no changes in mRNA levels. We further linked this protein loss to a proteasome dependent degradation of ASS and ASL via the E3 ubiquitin ligase, C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) and the heat shock protein, hsp70. Transient over-expression of CHIP was sufficient to stimulate ASS and ASL degradation while the over-expression of CHIP mutant proteins identified both TPR- and U-box-domain as essential for ASS and ASL degradation. This study provides a novel insight into the molecular regulation l-arginine recycling in EC and implicates the proteasome pathway as a possible therapeutic target to stimulate NO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Manivannan Yegambaram
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Yali Hou
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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Quick S, Moss J, Rajani RM, Williams A. A Vessel for Change: Endothelial Dysfunction in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Trends Neurosci 2020; 44:289-305. [PMID: 33308877 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The blood vessels of the brain are lined with endothelial cells and it has been long known that these help to regulate blood flow to the brain. However, there is increasing evidence that these cells also interact with the surrounding brain tissue. These interactions change when the endothelial cells become dysfunctional and have an impact in diseases such as cerebral small vessel disease, the leading cause of vascular dementia. In this review, we focus on what endothelial dysfunction is, what causes it, how it leads to surrounding brain pathology, how researchers can investigate it with current models, and where this might lead in the future for dementia therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Quick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Jonathan Moss
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Rikesh M Rajani
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Williams
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
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Fortes PC, Versari PH, Stinghen AE, Pecoits–Filho R. Controlling Inflammation in Peritoneal Dialysis: The Role of PD-Related Factors as Potential Intervention Targets. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080702702s14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the main cause of death in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, but the mechanisms mediating the increased CV risk observed in this group of patients are still largely unknown, which limits the perspective on effective therapeutic strategies. Patients on PD are already exposed to a number of traditional risk factors from the start of their chronic kidney disease (CKD), because many of those risk factors are common to CV disease and CKD alike. As renal dysfunction progresses, CKD-related risk factors are introduced, changing the profile of both the CV disease and the markers of risk. In this phase, which usually starts when glomerular filtration rate falls below 60 mL/min, the list of risk factors is expanded to include disturbances of mineral metabolism, anemia, fluid overload, uremic toxicity, and increased signs of oxidative stress and inflammation. Although many of the risk factors linked to CV burden are not related to the dialytic procedure, additional harm is introduced after the initiation of PD—with, for example, the presence of chronic infections and factors related to PD fluids, particularly reabsorption of glucose. In the present article, we review the impact of the novel risk factors introduced with the initiation of PD therapy, and we propose potential therapeutic strategies (which remain to be tested) for reducing CV mortality in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo C. Fortes
- Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Priscilla H. Versari
- Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Andréa E.M. Stinghen
- Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pecoits–Filho
- Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Chiangsaen P, Maneesai P, Kukongviriyapan U, Tong-un T, Ishida W, Prachaney P, Pakdeechote P. Tangeretin ameliorates erectile and testicular dysfunction in a rat model of hypertension. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Patel S. The effects of microgravity and space radiation on cardiovascular health: From low-Earth orbit and beyond. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2020; 30:100595. [PMID: 32775602 PMCID: PMC7399104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The unique conditions of space harbor considerable challenges for astronauts to overcome. Namely, the ionizing content of space radiation and the effects of microgravity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Post-flight carotid arterial stiffness was demonstrated in astronaut studies while early arteriosclerosis has been linked with microgravity-induced oxidative stress in cellular studies. Similarly, radiation has been shown to disrupt molecular pathways, enhance reactive oxygen species and increase risk of cardiovascular disease in exposed populations. These results may bear even more significance in space owing to the propensity for microgravity and space radiation to yield synergistic and/or additive interactions. Potential countermeasures such as α-tocopherol and captopril target these oxidative pathways and may help to protect against the effects of microgravity and radiation-induced cardiac damage. However, more research needs to be conducted in this area to facilitate a safe passage for humans to the Moon, Mars and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smit Patel
- Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Science, National Heart & Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
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Effects of circulating extracellular microvesicles from spinal cord-injured adults on endothelial cell function. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:777-789. [PMID: 32219341 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
People with spinal cord injury (SCI) have three- to four-fold greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with those without SCI. Although circulating extracellular microvesicles are key effectors of vascular health and disease, how their functional phenotype might be altered with SCI is unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of microvesicles isolated from SCI adults on endothelial cell inflammation and oxidative stress as well as endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) activation and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) expression. Eighteen young and middle-aged adults were studied: 10 uninjured (7M/3F; age: 39 ± 3 years) and 8 cervical level spinal cord injured (SCI; 7M/1F; 46 ± 4 years; cervical injury: C3: n=1; C5: n=4; C6: n=3). Circulating microvesicles were isolated, enumerated and collected from plasma by flow cytometry. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured and treated with microvesicles from either the uninjured or SCI adults. Microvesicles from SCI adults did not affect cellular markers or mediators of inflammation and oxidative stress. However, microvesicles from the SCI adults significantly blunted eNOS activation, NO bioavailability and t-PA production. Intercellular expression of phosphorylated eNOS at Ser1177 and Thr495 sites, specifically, were ∼65% lower and ∼85% higher, respectively, in cells treated with microvesicles from SCI compared with uninjured adults. Decreased eNOS activity and NO production as well as impaired t-PA bioavailability renders the vascular endothelium highly susceptible to atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Thus, circulating microvesicles may contribute to the increased risk of vascular disease and thrombotic events associated with SCI.
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Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) metabolism is important for health and disease. Metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid metabolism, determine vasculature formation. These metabolic pathways have different roles in securing the production of energy and biomass and the maintenance of redox homeostasis in vascular migratory tip cells, proliferating stalk cells, and quiescent phalanx cells, respectively. Emerging evidence demonstrates that perturbation of EC metabolism results in EC dysfunction and vascular pathologies. Here, we summarize recent insights into EC metabolic pathways and their deregulation in vascular diseases. We further discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting EC metabolism in various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; ,
| | - Anil Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; ,
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; , .,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
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Soubhye J, Van Antwerpen P, Dufrasne F. A patent review of myeloperoxidase inhibitors for treating chronic inflammatory syndromes (focus on cardiovascular diseases, 2013-2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:595-608. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1780210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Soubhye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - François Dufrasne
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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50
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Vitverova B, Najmanova I, Vicen M, Tripska K, Sa ICI, Hyspler R, Pericacho M, Nachtigal P. Long term effects of soluble endoglin and mild hypercholesterolemia in mice hearts. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233725. [PMID: 32470058 PMCID: PMC7259503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble endoglin (sEng) released into the circulation was suggested to be related to cardiovascular based pathologies. It was demonstrated that a combination of high sEng levels and long-term exposure (six months) to high fat diet (HFD) resulted in aggravation of endothelial dysfunction in the aorta. Thus, in this study, we hypothesized that a similar experimental design would affect the heart morphology, TGFβ signaling, inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress and eNOS signaling in myocardium in transgenic mice overexpressing human sEng. Three-month-old female transgenic mice overexpressing human sEng in plasma (Sol-Eng+ high) and their age-matched littermates with low levels of human sEng (Sol-Eng+ low) were fed a high-fat diet containing 1.25% of cholesterol and 40% of fat for six months. A blood analysis was performed, and the heart samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The results of this study showed no effects of sEng and HFD on myocardial morphology/hypertrophy/fibrosis. However, the expression of pSmad2/3 and p-eNOS was reduced in Sol-Eng+ high mice. On the other hand, sEng and HFD did not significantly affect the expression of selected members of TGFβ signaling (membrane endoglin, TGFβRII, ALK-5, ALK-1, Id-1, PAI-1), inflammation (VCAM-1, ICAM-1), oxidative stress (NQO1, HO-1) and heart remodeling (PDGFβ, COL1A1, β-MHC). In conclusion, the results of this study confirmed that sEng, even combined with a high-fat diet inducing hypercholesterolemia administered for six months, does not affect the structure of the heart with respect to hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Interestingly, pSmad2/3/p-eNOS signaling was reduced in both the heart in this study and the aorta in the previous study, suggesting a possible alteration of NO metabolism caused by six months exposure to high sEng levels and HFD. Thus, we might conclude that sEng combined with a high-fat diet might be related to the alteration of NO production due to altered pSmad2/3/p-eNOS signaling in the heart and aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Vitverova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Najmanova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Vicen
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Tripska
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ivone Cristina Igreja Sa
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Hyspler
- Centrum for Research and Development, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miguel Pericacho
- Renal and Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, and the Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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