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Stiel L, Gaudet A, Thietart S, Vallet H, Bastard P, Voiriot G, Oualha M, Sarton B, Kallel H, Brechot N, Kreitmann L, Benghanem S, Joffre J, Jouan Y. Innate immune response in acute critical illness: a narrative review. Ann Intensive Care 2024; 14:137. [PMID: 39227416 PMCID: PMC11371990 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-024-01355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of innate immunity is a first line of host defense during acute critical illness (ACI) that aims to contain injury and avoid tissue damages. Aberrant activation of innate immunity may also participate in the occurrence of organ failures during critical illness. This review aims to provide a narrative overview of recent advances in the field of innate immunity in critical illness, and to consider future potential therapeutic strategies. MAIN TEXT Understanding the underlying biological concepts supporting therapeutic strategies modulating immune response is essential in decision-making. We will develop the multiple facets of innate immune response, especially its cellular aspects, and its interaction with other defense mechanisms. We will first describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of initiation of innate immune response and its implication during ACI. We will then develop the amplification of innate immunity mediated by multiple effectors. Our review will mainly focus on myeloid and lymphoid cellular effectors, the major actors involved in innate immune-mediated organ failure. We will third discuss the interaction and integration of innate immune response in a global view of host defense, thus considering interaction with non-immune cells through immunothrombosis, immunometabolism and long-term reprogramming via trained immunity. The last part of this review will focus on the specificities of the immune response in children and the older population. CONCLUSIONS Recent understanding of the innate immune response integrates immunity in a highly dynamic global vision of host response. A better knowledge of the implicated mechanisms and their tissue-compartmentalization allows to characterize the individual immune profile, and one day eventually, to develop individualized bench-to-bedside immunomodulation approaches as an adjuvant resuscitation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Stiel
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Groupe Hospitalier de la Région Mulhouse Sud Alsace, Mulhouse, France.
- Lipness Team, INSERM Research Team, LNC UMR 1231 and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.
| | - Alexandre Gaudet
- CHU Lille, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Critical Care Center, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- CIIL (Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille), Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Sara Thietart
- Département de Gériatrie, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Inserm, PARCC U970, F75, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Vallet
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1135, Centre d'immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Voiriot
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpital Tenon, Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche, Saint-Antoine UMRS_938, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique, Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Oualha
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Necker Hospital, APHP, Centre-Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Benjamine Sarton
- Service de Réanimation Polyvalente Purpan, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- ToNIC Lab (Toulouse NeuroImaging Center) INSERM/UPS UMR 1214, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Hatem Kallel
- Service de Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Guyane, France
| | - Nicolas Brechot
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Sorbonne Université, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière- Charles Foix, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)-UMRS, INSERM U1050-CNRS 7241, College de France, Paris, France
| | - Louis Kreitmann
- Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
- ICU West, The Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Sarah Benghanem
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Joffre
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital de Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine INSERM, U938, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Youenn Jouan
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CHRU Tours, Tours, France
- Services de Réanimation Chirurgicale Cardiovasculaire et de Chirurgie Cardiaque, CHRU Tours, Tours, France
- INSERM, U1100 Centre d'Etudes des Pathologies Respiratoires, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
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Gogoi M, Clark PA, Ferreira ACF, Rodriguez Rodriguez N, Heycock M, Ko M, Murphy JE, Chen V, Luan SL, Jolin HE, McKenzie ANJ. ILC2-derived LIF licences progress from tissue to systemic immunity. Nature 2024; 632:885-892. [PMID: 39112698 PMCID: PMC11338826 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Migration and homing of immune cells are critical for immune surveillance. Trafficking is mediated by combinations of adhesion and chemokine receptors that guide immune cells, in response to chemokine signals, to specific locations within tissues and the lymphatic system to support tissue-localized immune reactions and systemic immunity1,2. Here we show that disruption of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) production from group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) prevents immune cells leaving the lungs to migrate to the lymph nodes (LNs). In the absence of LIF, viral infection leads to plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) becoming retained in the lungs where they improve tissue-localized, antiviral immunity, whereas chronic pulmonary allergen challenge leads to marked immune cell accumulation and the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in the lung. In both cases immune cells fail to migrate to the lymphatics, leading to highly compromised LN reactions. Mechanistically, ILC2-derived LIF induces the production of the chemokine CCL21 from lymphatic endothelial cells lining the pulmonary lymphatic vessels, thus licensing the homing of CCR7+ immune cells (including dendritic cells) to LNs. Consequently, ILC2-derived LIF dictates the egress of immune cells from the lungs to regulate tissue-localized versus systemic immunity and the balance between allergen and viral responsiveness in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Gogoi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | - Michelle Ko
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Victor Chen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shi-Lu Luan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Tian E, Zhou C, Quan S, Su C, Zhang G, Yu Q, Li J, Zhang J. RIPK2 inhibitors for disease therapy: Current status and perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115683. [PMID: 37531744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) belongs to the receptor-interacting protein family (RIPs), which is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. RIPK2 is widely expressed in human tissues, and its mRNA level is highly expressed in the spleen, leukocytes, placenta, testis, and heart. RIPK2 is a dual-specificity kinase with multiple domains, which can interact with tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), and participate in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) signaling pathways. It is considered as a vital adapter molecule involved in the innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and apoptosis. Functionally, RIPK2 and its targeted small molecules are of great significance in inflammatory responses, autoimmune diseases and tumors. The present study reviews the molecule structure and biological functions of RIPK2, and its correlation between human diseases. In addition, we focus on the structure-activity relationship of small molecule inhibitors of RIPK2 and their therapeutic potential in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Changhan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuqi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chongying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Quanwei Yu
- Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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4
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Jaber Y, Netanely Y, Naamneh R, Saar O, Zubeidat K, Saba Y, Georgiev O, Kles P, Barel O, Horev Y, Yosef O, Eli-Berchoer L, Nadler C, Betser-Cohen G, Shapiro H, Elinav E, Wilensky A, Hovav AH. Langerhans cells shape postnatal oral homeostasis in a mechanical-force-dependent but microbiota and IL17-independent manner. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5628. [PMID: 37699897 PMCID: PMC10497507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The postnatal interaction between microbiota and the immune system establishes lifelong homeostasis at mucosal epithelial barriers, however, the barrier-specific physiological activities that drive the equilibrium are hardly known. During weaning, the oral epithelium, which is monitored by Langerhans cells (LC), is challenged by the development of a microbial plaque and the initiation of masticatory forces capable of damaging the epithelium. Here we show that microbial colonization following birth facilitates the differentiation of oral LCs, setting the stage for the weaning period, in which adaptive immunity develops. Despite the presence of the challenging microbial plaque, LCs mainly respond to masticatory mechanical forces, inducing adaptive immunity, to maintain epithelial integrity that is also associated with naturally occurring alveolar bone loss. Mechanistically, masticatory forces induce the migration of LCs to the lymph nodes, and in return, LCs support the development of immunity to maintain epithelial integrity in a microbiota-independent manner. Unlike in adult life, this bone loss is IL-17-independent, suggesting that the establishment of oral mucosal homeostasis after birth and its maintenance in adult life involve distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Jaber
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yasmine Netanely
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reem Naamneh
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Saar
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Khaled Zubeidat
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yasmin Saba
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Olga Georgiev
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paz Kles
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Barel
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Horev
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omri Yosef
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Israel-Canada Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luba Eli-Berchoer
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chen Nadler
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation & Maxillofacial Imaging, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gili Betser-Cohen
- Division of Identification and Forensic Science, Police National HQ, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Shapiro
- System Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- System Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Microbe & Cancer Division, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asaf Wilensky
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi-Hai Hovav
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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5
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Mak ML, Reid KT, Crome SQ. Protective and pathogenic functions of innate lymphoid cells in transplantation. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:23-39. [PMID: 37119279 PMCID: PMC10324558 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a family of lymphocytes with essential roles in tissue homeostasis and immunity. Along with other tissue-resident immune populations, distinct subsets of ILCs have important roles in either promoting or inhibiting immune tolerance in a variety of contexts, including cancer and autoimmunity. In solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, both donor and recipient-derived ILCs could contribute to immune tolerance or rejection, yet understanding of protective or pathogenic functions are only beginning to emerge. In addition to roles in directing or regulating immune responses, ILCs interface with parenchymal cells to support tissue homeostasis and even regeneration. Whether specific ILCs are tissue-protective or enhance ischemia reperfusion injury or fibrosis is of particular interest to the field of transplantation, beyond any roles in limiting or promoting allograft rejection or graft-versus host disease. Within this review, we discuss the current understanding of ILCs functions in promoting immune tolerance and tissue repair at homeostasis and in the context of transplantation and highlight where targeting or harnessing ILCs could have applications in novel transplant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Mak
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kyle T Reid
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah Q Crome
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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6
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Yuan T, Tang H, Xu X, Shao J, Wu G, Cho YC, Ping Y, Liang G. Inflammation conditional genome editing mediated by the CRISPR-Cas9 system. iScience 2023; 26:106872. [PMID: 37260750 PMCID: PMC10227425 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The specificity of CRISPR-Cas9 in response to particular pathological stimuli remains largely unexplored. Hence, we designed an inflammation-inducible CRISPR-Cas9 system by grafting a sequence that binds with NF-κB to the CRISPR-Cas9 framework, termed NBS-CRISPR. The genetic scissor function of this developed genome-editing tool is activated on encountering an inflammatory attack and is inactivated or minimized in non-inflammation conditions. Furthermore, we employed this platform to reverse inflammatory conditions by targeting the MyD88 gene, a crucial player in the NF-κB signaling pathway, and achieved impressive therapeutic effects. Finally, during inflammation, P65 (RELA) can translocate to the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Herein, to avoid Cas9 leaky DNA cleavage activity i, we constructed an NBS-P65-CRISPR system expressing the Cas9-p65 fusion protein. Our inflammation inducible Cas9-mediated genome editing strategy provides new perspectives and avenues for pathological gene interrogation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Honglin Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingjing Shao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yuan Ping
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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7
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Inotodiol, an antiasthmatic agent with efficacy and safety, preferentially impairs membrane-proximal signaling for mast cell activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109854. [PMID: 36812673 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
While inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are the mainstay of asthma treatment, due to compliance, drug safety, and resistance issues, new medications to replace ICSs are in high demand. Inotodiol, a fungal triterpenoid, showed a unique immunosuppressive property with a preference for mast cells. It exerted a mast cell-stabilizing activity equally potent to dexamethasone in mouse anaphylaxis models when orally administered in a lipid-based formulation, upgrading bioavailability. However, it was four to over ten times less effective in suppressing other immune cell subsets, depending on the subsets, than dexamethasone showing invariably potent inhibition. Accordingly, inotodiol affected the membrane-proximal signaling for activating mast cell functions more profoundly than other subsets. Inotodiol also effectively prevented asthma exacerbation. Importantly, considering the no-observed-adverse-effect level of inotodiol was over 15 times higher than dexamethasone, its therapeutic index would be at least eight times better,implying that inotodiol is a viable option for replacing CSs in treating asthma.
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8
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Cai M, Xu YC, Deng B, Chen JB, Chen TF, Zeng KF, Chen S, Deng SH, Tan ZB, Ding WJ, Zhang SW, Liu B, Zhang JZ. Radix Glycyrrhizae extract and licochalcone a exert an anti-inflammatory action by direct suppression of toll like receptor 4. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115869. [PMID: 36309116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Glycyrrhizae (GL), a herbal medicine that is widely available, has shown advantages for a variety of inflammatory diseases. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway has been shown to play a key role in the progression of inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of TLR4 in the anti-inflammatory mechanism of GL extract and its active constituent on acute lung injury (ALI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A model of inflammation produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was established in C57BL/6 mice and macrophages derived from THP-1. To screen the active components of GL, molecular docking was used. Molecular dynamics and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) were used to study the interaction of a specific drug with the TLR4-MD2 complex. TLR4 was overexpressed by adenovirus to confirm TLR4 involvement in the anti-inflammatory activities of GL and the chosen chemical. RESULTS We observed that GL extract significantly reduced both LPS-induced ALI and the production of pro-inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Additionally, GL inhibited the binding of Alexa 488-labeled LPS (LPS-488) to the membrane of THP-1 derived macrophages. GL drastically reduce on the expression of TLR4 and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-B (NF-κB). Furthermore, molecular docking revealed that Licochalcone A (LicoA) docked into the LPS binding site of TLR4-MD2 complex. MD2-LicoA binding conformation was found to be stable using molecular dynamic simulations. SPRi indicated that LicoA bound to TLR4-MD2 recombinant protein with a KD of 3.87 × 10-7 M. LicoA dose-dependently reduced LPS-488 binding to the cell membrane. LicoA was found to significantly inhibit LPS-induced lung damage and inflammation. Furthermore, LicoA inhibited TLR4 expression, MAPK and NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of GL and LicoA on LPS-induced inflammation and TLR4 signaling activation were partly eliminated by TLR4 overexpression. CONCLUSION Our findings imply that GL and LicoA exert inhibitory effects on inflammation by targeting the TLR4 directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China; Guangzhou Emergency Medical Command Center, Guangzhou, 510030, China.
| | - You-Cai Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Jun-Bang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Ting-Fang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Ke-Feng Zeng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Sui-Hui Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Zhang-Bin Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Ding
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Shuang-Wei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Jing-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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9
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Pham AT, Ghilardi AF, Sun L. Recent advances in the development of RIPK2 modulators for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1127722. [PMID: 36959850 PMCID: PMC10028200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1127722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2) is a vital immunomodulator that plays critical roles in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), NOD2, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling. Stimulated NOD1 and NOD2 interact with RIPK2 and lead to the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), followed by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12/23. Defects in NOD/RIPK2 signaling are associated with numerous inflammatory diseases, including asthma, sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), multiple sclerosis, and Blau syndrome. As RIPK2 is a crucial element of innate immunity, small molecules regulating RIPK2 functions are attractive to establish novel immunotherapies. The increased interest in developing RIPK2 inhibitors has led to the clinical investigations of novel drug candidates. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent advances in the development of RIPK2 inhibitors and degraders.
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10
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Salles ÉL, Emami Naeini S, Bhandari B, Khodadadi H, Threlkeld E, Rezaee S, Meeks W, Meeks A, Awe A, El-Marakby A, Yu JC, Wang LP, Baban B. Sexual Dimorphism in the Polarization of Cardiac ILCs through Elabela. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 45:223-232. [PMID: 36661503 PMCID: PMC9856941 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Elabela is a component of the apelinergic system and may exert a cardioprotective role by regulating the innate immune responses. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have a significant role in initiating and progressing immune-inflammatory responses. While ILCs have been intensively investigated during the last decade, little is known about their relationship with the apelinergic system and their cardiac diversity in a gender-based paradigm. In this study, we investigated the polarization of cardiac ILCs by Elabela in males versus females in a mouse model. Using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analyses, we showed a potential interplay between Elabela and cardiac ILCs and whether such interactions depend on sexual dimorphism. Our findings showed, for the first time, that Elabela is expressed by cardiac ILCs, and its expression is higher in females' ILC class 3 (ILC3s) compared to males. Females had higher frequencies of ILC1s, and Elabela was able to suppress T-cell activation and the expression of co-stimulatory CD28 in a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay (MLR). In conclusion, our results suggest, for the first time, a protective role for Elabela through its interplay with ILCs and that it can be used as an immunotherapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders in a gender-based fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Évila Lopes Salles
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(706)-721-3181
| | - Sahar Emami Naeini
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Bidhan Bhandari
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Edie Threlkeld
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Sholeh Rezaee
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - William Meeks
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Avery Meeks
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Aderemi Awe
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ahmed El-Marakby
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jack C. Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lei P. Wang
- Medicinal Cannabis of Georgia LLC, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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11
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The unique role of innate lymphoid cells in cancer and the hepatic microenvironment. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1012-1029. [PMID: 35962192 PMCID: PMC9424527 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, and despite incredible progress over the last decade, it remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver metastases are distinct from other cancers in that they typically emerge as a consequence of long-term low-grade inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms that underpin inflammation-driven tissue remodeling of the hepatic immune environment is likely to provide new insights into much needed treatments for this devastating disease. Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which include natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1s, are particularly enriched in the liver and thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of liver diseases, including cancer. NK cells are an attractive, but underexplored, therapeutic target in hepatic disease due to their role in immunosurveillance and their ability to recognize and eliminate malignant cells. ILC1s are closely related to and share many phenotypic features with NK cells but are less well studied. Thus, their utility in immunotherapeutic approaches is not yet well understood. Here, we review our current understanding of ILCs in cancer with a particular focus on liver and liver-related diseases.
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12
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Yeoh WJ, Vu VP, Krebs P. IL-33 biology in cancer: An update and future perspectives. Cytokine 2022; 157:155961. [PMID: 35843125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines that is constitutively expressed in the nucleus of epithelial, endothelial and fibroblast-like cells. Upon cell stress, damage or necrosis, IL-33 is released into the cytoplasm to exert its prime role as an alarmin by binding to its specific receptor moiety, ST2. IL-33 exhibits pleiotropic function in inflammatory diseases and particularly in cancer. IL-33 may play a dual role as both a pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic cytokine, dependent on tumor and cellular context, expression levels, bioactivity and the nature of the inflammatory environment. In this review, we discuss the differential contribution of IL-33 to malignant or inflammatory conditions, its multifaceted effects on the tumor microenvironment, while providing possible explanations for the discrepant findings described in the literature. Additionally, we examine the emerging and divergent functions of IL-33 in the nucleus, and aspects of IL-33 biology that are currently under-addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jie Yeoh
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vivian P Vu
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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13
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Wei Z, Zhang Y. Immune Cells in Hyperprogressive Disease under Immune Checkpoint-Based Immunotherapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111758. [PMID: 35681453 PMCID: PMC9179330 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, an antitumor therapy designed to activate antitumor immune responses to eliminate tumor cells, has been deeply studied and widely applied in recent years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are capable of preventing the immune responses from being turned off before tumor cells are eliminated. ICIs have been demonstrated to be one of the most effective and promising tumor treatments and significantly improve the survival of patients with multiple tumor types. However, low effective rates and frequent atypical responses observed in clinical practice limit their clinical applications. Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) is an unexpected phenomenon observed in immune checkpoint-based immunotherapy and is a challenge facing clinicians and patients alike. Patients who experience HPD not only cannot benefit from immunotherapy, but also experience rapid tumor progression. However, the mechanisms of HPD remain unclear and controversial. This review summarized current findings from cell experiments, animal studies, retrospective studies, and case reports, focusing on the relationships between various immune cells and HPD and providing important insights for understanding the pathogenesis of HPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqi Wei
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China;
- Hepatopancreatbiliary Center, Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Changping District, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Hepatopancreatbiliary Center, Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Changping District, Beijing 102218, China
- Correspondence:
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14
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Wang R, Zhang J, Li D, Liu G, Fu Y, Li Q, Zhang L, Qian L, Hao L, Wang Y, Harris DCH, Wang D, Cao Q. Imbalance of circulating innate lymphoid cell subpopulations in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Immunol 2022; 239:109029. [PMID: 35525476 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a newly identified heterogeneous family of innate immune cells. We conducted this study to investigate the frequency of circulating ILC subsets in various chronic kidney diseases (CKD). In DN, the proportion of total ILCs and certain ILC subgroups increased significantly. Positive correlations between proportion of total ILCs, ILC1s and body mass index, glycated hemoglobin were observed in DN. In LN, a significantly increased proportion of ILC1s was found in parallel with a reduced proportion of ILC2s. The proportions of total ILCs and ILC1s were correlated with WBC count and the level of C3. In all enrolled patients, the proportion of total ILCs and ILC1s was significantly correlated with the levels of ACR and GFR. In the present study, the proportion of circulating ILC subsets increased significantly in various types of CKD and correlated with clinico-pathological features, which suggests a possible role for ILCs in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guiling Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuqin Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Li
- The Central Laboratory of Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Deguang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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15
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Ma L, Yu J, Zhang H, Zhao B, Zhang J, Yang D, Luo F, Wang B, Jin B, Liu J. Effects of Immune Cells on Intestinal Stem Cells: Prospects for Therapeutic Targets. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2296-2314. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Hassan-Zahraee M, Ye Z, Xi L, Baniecki ML, Li X, Hyde CL, Zhang J, Raha N, Karlsson F, Quan J, Ziemek D, Neelakantan S, Lepsy C, Allegretti JR, Romatowski J, Scherl EJ, Klopocka M, Danese S, Chandra DE, Schoenbeck U, Vincent MS, Longman R, Hung KE. Antitumor Necrosis Factor-like Ligand 1A Therapy Targets Tissue Inflammation and Fibrosis Pathways and Reduces Gut Pathobionts in Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:434-446. [PMID: 34427649 PMCID: PMC8889296 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first-in-class treatment PF-06480605 targets the tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A (TL1A) molecule in humans. Results from the phase 2a TUSCANY trial highlighted the safety and efficacy of PF-06480605 in ulcerative colitis. Preclinical and in vitro models have identified a role for TL1A in both innate and adaptive immune responses, but the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of anti-TL1A treatment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are not known. METHODS Here, we provide analysis of tissue transcriptomic, peripheral blood proteomic, and fecal metagenomic data from the recently completed phase 2a TUSCANY trial and demonstrate endoscopic improvement post-treatment with PF-06480605 in participants with ulcerative colitis. RESULTS Our results revealed robust TL1A target engagement in colonic tissue and a distinct colonic transcriptional response reflecting a reduction in inflammatory T helper 17 cell, macrophage, and fibrosis pathways in patients with endoscopic improvement. Proteomic analysis of peripheral blood revealed a corresponding decrease in inflammatory T-cell cytokines. Finally, microbiome analysis showed significant changes in IBD-associated pathobionts, Streptococcus salivarius, S. parasanguinis, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae post-therapy. CONCLUSIONS The ability of PF-06480605 to engage and inhibit colonic TL1A, targeting inflammatory T cell and fibrosis pathways, provides the first-in-human mechanistic data to guide anti-TL1A therapy for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhan Ye
- Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li Xi
- Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jessica R Allegretti
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacek Romatowski
- J. Sniadecki’s Regional Hospital, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Białystok, Poland
| | - Ellen J Scherl
- Jill Roberts Center for IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Klopocka
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Silvio Danese
- IBD Center, Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Randy Longman
- Jill Roberts Center for IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Műzes G, Bohusné Barta B, Sipos F. Colitis and Colorectal Carcinogenesis: The Focus on Isolated Lymphoid Follicles. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020226. [PMID: 35203436 PMCID: PMC8869724 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue is one of the most diverse and complex immune compartments in the human body. The subepithelial compartment of the gut consists of immune cells of innate and adaptive immunity, non-hematopoietic mesenchymal cells, and stem cells of different origins, and is organized into secondary (and even tertiary) lymphoid organs, such as Peyer's patches, cryptopatches, and isolated lymphoid follicles. The function of isolated lymphoid follicles is multifaceted; they play a role in the development and regeneration of the large intestine and the maintenance of (immune) homeostasis. Isolated lymphoid follicles are also extensively associated with the epithelium and its conventional and non-conventional immune cells; hence, they can also function as a starting point or maintainer of pathological processes such as inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectal carcinogenesis. These relationships can significantly affect both physiological and pathological processes of the intestines. We aim to provide an overview of the latest knowledge of isolated lymphoid follicles in colonic inflammation and colorectal carcinogenesis. Further studies of these lymphoid organs will likely lead to an extended understanding of how immune responses are initiated and controlled within the large intestine, along with the possibility of creating novel mucosal vaccinations and ways to treat inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ferenc Sipos
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-20-478-0752; Fax: +36-1-266-0816
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18
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Peng J, Siracusa MC. Basophils in antihelminth immunity. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101529. [PMID: 34815162 PMCID: PMC8715908 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been appreciated that basophilia is a common feature of helminth infections for approximately 50 years. The ability of basophils to secrete IL-4 and other type 2 cytokines has supported the prevailing notion that basophils contribute to antihelminth immunity by promoting optimal type 2 T helper (Th2) cell responses. While this appears to be the case in several helminth infections, emerging studies are also revealing that the effector functions of basophils are extremely diverse and parasite-specific. Further, new reports now suggest that basophils can restrict type 2 inflammation in a manner that preserves the integrity of helminth-affected tissue. Finally, exciting data has also demonstrated that basophils can regulate inflammation by participating in neuro-immune interactions. This article will review the current state of basophil biology and describe how recent studies are transforming our understanding of the role basophils play in the context of helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Peng
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mark C Siracusa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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19
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Singh TP, Carvalho AM, Sacramento LA, Grice EA, Scott P. Microbiota instruct IL-17A-producing innate lymphoid cells to promote skin inflammation in cutaneous leishmaniasis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009693. [PMID: 34699567 PMCID: PMC8570469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of immune cells that maintain barrier function and can initiate a protective or pathological immune response upon infection. Here we show the involvement of IL-17A-producing ILCs in microbiota-driven immunopathology in cutaneous leishmaniasis. IL-17A-producing ILCs were RORγt+ and were enriched in Leishmania major infected skin, and topical colonization with Staphylococcus epidermidis before L. major infection exacerbated the skin inflammatory responses and IL-17A-producing RORγt+ ILC accumulation without impacting type 1 immune responses. IL-17A responses in ILCs were directed by Batf3 dependent CD103+ dendritic cells and IL-23. Moreover, experiments using Rag1-/- mice established that IL-17A+ ILCs were sufficient in driving the inflammatory responses as depletion of ILCs or neutralization of IL-17A diminished the microbiota mediated immunopathology. Taken together, this study indicates that the skin microbiota promotes RORγt+ IL-17A-producing ILCs, which augment the skin inflammation in cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej Pratap Singh
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TPS); (PS)
| | - Augusto M. Carvalho
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Laís Amorim Sacramento
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Grice
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TPS); (PS)
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20
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Wan M, Han J, Ding L, Hu F, Gao P. Novel Immune Subsets and Related Cytokines: Emerging Players in the Progression of Liver Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:604894. [PMID: 33869241 PMCID: PMC8047058 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.604894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological process caused by persistent chronic injury of the liver. Kupffer cells, natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, and dendritic cells (DCs), which are in close contact with T and B cells, serve to bridge innate and adaptive immunity in the liver. Meanwhile, an imbalanced inflammatory response constitutes a challenge in liver disease. The dichotomous roles of novel immune cells, including T helper 17 (Th17), regulatory T cells (Tregs), mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAIT), and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in liver fibrosis have gradually been revealed. These cells not only induce damage during liver fibrosis but also promote tissue repair. Hence, immune cells have unique, and often opposing, roles during the various stages of fibrosis. Due to this heterogeneity, the treatment, or reversal of fibrosis through the target of immune cells have attracted much attention. Moreover, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) constitutes the core of fibrosis. This activation is regulated by various immune mediators, including Th17, Th22, and Th9, MAIT, ILCs, and γδ T cells, as well as their related cytokines. Thus, liver fibrosis results from the complex interaction of these immune mediators, thereby complicating the ability to elucidate the mechanisms of action elicited by each cell type. Future developments in biotechnology will certainly aid in this feat to inform the design of novel therapeutic targets. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the role of specific immune cells in liver fibrosis, as well as biomarkers and treatment methods related to these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Wan
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiawen Han
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pujun Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the gastro-intestinal tract, the complex network of multiple innate cell populations play critical roles not only as a first line of defense against invading pathogens and in driving adaptive immune responses but also in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Here, we describe the roles of various innate immune cell populations in gut immunity and detail studies investigating the impact of acute and chronic HIV infection on these cell populations. RECENT FINDINGS Alterations in frequencies, phenotype and/or function of innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and innate-like T cells have been reported in people with HIV (PWH), with many of these features persisting despite anti-retroviral therapy and virological suppression. Dysregulated gut innate immunity in PWH is a feature of gut pathogenesis. A greater understanding of the mechanisms driving impairment in the multiple different gut innate immune cell populations and the downstream consequences of an altered innate immune response on host defense and gut homeostasis in PWH is needed to develop more effective HIV treatments and cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Dillon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B168, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Cara C Wilson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B168, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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22
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Nienhüser H, Kim W, Malagola E, Ruan T, Valenti G, Middelhoff M, Bass A, Der CJ, Hayakawa Y, Wang TC. Mist1+ gastric isthmus stem cells are regulated by Wnt5a and expand in response to injury and inflammation in mice. Gut 2021; 70:654-665. [PMID: 32709613 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The gastric epithelium undergoes continuous turnover. Corpus epithelial stem cells located in the gastric isthmus serve as a source of tissue self-renewal. We recently identified the transcription factor Mist1 as a marker for this corpus stem cell population that can give rise to cancer. The aim here was to investigate the regulation of the Mist1+ stem cells in the response to gastric injury and inflammation. METHODS We used Mist1CreERT;R26-Tdtomato mice in two models of injury and inflammation: the acetic acid-induced ulcer and infection with Helicobacter felis. We analysed lineage tracing at both early (7 to 30 days) and late (30 to 90 days) time points. Mist1CreERT;R26-Tdtomato;Lgr5DTR-eGFP mice were used to ablate the corpus basal Lgr5+ cell population. Constitutional and conditional Wnt5a knockout mice were used to investigate the role of Wnt5a in wound repair and lineage tracing from the Mist1+ stem cells. RESULTS In both models of gastric injury, Mist1+ isthmus stem cells more rapidly proliferate and trace entire gastric glands compared with the normal state. In regenerating tissue, the number of traced gastric chief cells was significantly reduced, and ablation of Lgr5+ chief cells did not affect Mist1-derived lineage tracing and tissue regeneration. Genetic deletion of Wnt5a impaired proliferation in the gastric isthmus and lineage tracing from Mist1+ stem cells. Similarly, depletion of innate lymphoid cells, the main source of Wnt5a, also resulted in reduced proliferation and Mist1+ isthmus cell tracing. CONCLUSION Gastric Mist1+ isthmus cells are the main supplier of regenerated glands and are activated in part through Wnt5a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Nienhüser
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Woosook Kim
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ermanno Malagola
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tuo Ruan
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Moritz Middelhoff
- Klinik und Poliklinik fur Innere Medizin II Gastroenterologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Adam Bass
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Channing J Der
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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23
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Schulz-Kuhnt A, Neurath MF, Wirtz S, Atreya I. Innate Lymphoid Cells as Regulators of Epithelial Integrity: Therapeutic Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:656745. [PMID: 33869257 PMCID: PMC8044918 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.656745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of epithelial defects in the gut relevantly contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), whereby the impairment of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity seems to represent a primary trigger as well as a disease amplifying consequence of the chronic inflammatory process. Besides epithelial cell intrinsic factors, accumulated and overwhelmingly activated immune cells and their secretome have been identified as critical modulators of the pathologically altered intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) function in IBD. In this context, over the last 10 years increasing levels of attention have been paid to the group of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). This is in particular due to a preferential location of these rather newly described innate immune cells in close proximity to mucosal barriers, their profound capacity to secrete effector cytokines and their numerical and functional alteration under chronic inflammatory conditions. Aiming on a comprehensive and updated summary of our current understanding of the bidirectional mucosal crosstalk between ILCs and IECs, this review article will in particular focus on the potential capacity of gut infiltrating type-1, type-2, and type-3 helper ILCs (ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s, respectively) to impact on the survival, differentiation, and barrier function of IECs. Based on data acquired in IBD patients or in experimental models of colitis, we will discuss whether the different ILC subgroups could serve as potential therapeutic targets for maintenance of epithelial integrity and/or mucosal healing in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schulz-Kuhnt
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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24
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De Salvo C, Buela KA, Creyns B, Corridoni D, Rana N, Wargo HL, Cominelli CL, Delaney PG, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F, Vermeire S, Pizarro TT. NOD2 drives early IL-33-dependent expansion of group 2 innate lymphoid cells during Crohn's disease-like ileitis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140624. [PMID: 33444291 DOI: 10.1172/jci140624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are enriched at barrier surfaces, including the gastrointestinal tract. While most studies have focused on the balance between pathogenic group 1 ILCs (ILC1s) and protective ILC3s in maintaining gut homeostasis and during chronic intestinal inflammation, such as Crohn's disease (CD), less is known regarding ILC2s. Using an established murine model of CD-like ileitis, i.e., the SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mouse strain, we showed that ILC2s, compared with ILC1s and ILC3s, were increased within draining mesenteric lymph nodes and ilea of SAMP versus AKR (parental control) mice early, during the onset of disease. Gut-derived ILC2s from CD patients versus healthy controls were also increased and expanded, similarly to ILC1s, in greater proportion compared with ILC3s. Importantly, we report that the intracellular bacteria-sensing protein, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domaining-containing protein 2, encoded by Nod2, the first and strongest susceptibility gene identified for CD, promoted ILC2 expansion, which was dramatically reduced in SAMP mice lacking NOD2 and in SAMP mice raised under germ-free conditions. Furthermore, these effects occurred through a mechanism involving the IL-33/ST2 ligand-receptor pair. Collectively, our results indicate a functional link between NOD2 and ILC2s, regulated by the IL-33/ST2 axis, that mechanistically may contribute to early events leading to CD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo De Salvo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristine-Ann Buela
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brecht Creyns
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, and.,Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, TARGID, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniele Corridoni
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nitish Rana
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hannah L Wargo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chiara L Cominelli
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter G Delaney
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, TARGID, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicine and
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25
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Yang Y, Day J, Souza-Fonseca Guimaraes F, Wicks IP, Louis C. Natural killer cells in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1250. [PMID: 33552511 PMCID: PMC7850912 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a specialised population of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that help control local immune responses. Through natural cytotoxicity, production of cytokines and chemokines, and migratory capacity, NK cells play a vital immunoregulatory role in the initiation and chronicity of inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Our understanding of their functional differences and contributions in disease settings is evolving owing to new genetic and functional murine proof-of-concept studies. Here, we summarise current understanding of NK cells in several classic autoimmune disorders, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but also less understood diseases such as idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). A better understanding of how NK cells contribute to these autoimmune disorders may pave the way for NK cell-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Yang
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine Beijing China.,Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Jessica Day
- Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Rheumatology Unit The Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | | | - Ian P Wicks
- Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Rheumatology Unit The Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Cynthia Louis
- Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
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26
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Wang R, Wang Y, Harris DCH, Cao Q. Innate lymphoid cells in kidney diseases. Kidney Int 2020; 99:1077-1087. [PMID: 33387602 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that innate immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells, contribute to pathogenesis and protection in various kidney diseases. The understanding of innate immunity has been advanced recently by the discovery of a new group of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3. ILCs lack adaptive antigen receptors, yet can be triggered by various pathogens and rapidly provide an abundant source of immunomodulatory cytokines to exert immediate immune reactions and direct subsequent innate and adaptive immune responses. ILCs play critical roles in immunity, tissue homeostasis, and pathological inflammation. In this review, we highlight the biological function of ILC subpopulations in the normal kidney, and their important roles in acute and chronic kidney diseases, thus demonstrating the emerging importance of ILC-regulated immunity in this special organ and providing insights for future research directions and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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27
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Chen HH, Yong YM, Lin CH, Chen YH, Chen DY, Ying JC, Chao WC. Air pollutants and development of interstitial lung disease in patients with connective tissue disease: a population-based case-control study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041405. [PMID: 33372076 PMCID: PMC7772291 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the association between air pollutant exposure and interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs). SETTING A nationwide, population-based, matched case-control study in Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS Using the 1997-2013 Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified patients with newly diagnosed CTD during 2001-2013, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), dermatomyositis (DMtis)/polymyositis (PM) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Patients with newly diagnosed ILD during 2012-2013 were identified as ILD cases, and selected patients with CTD without ILD matching (1:4) the CTD cases for CTD diagnosis, age, gender, disease duration and year of ILD diagnosis date were identified as non-ILD controls. Data of hourly level of air pollutants 1 year before the index date were obtained from the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency. The association between ILD and air pollutant exposure was evaluated using logistic regression analysis shown as adjusted ORs (aORs) with 95% CIs after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS We identified 505 newly diagnosed CTD-ILD patients, including 82 with SLE, 210 with RA, 47 with SSc, 44 with DMtis/PM and 122 with pSS. Ozone (O3) exposure (per 10 ppb) was associated with a decreased ILD risk in patients with CTD (aOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.79) after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS A previously unrecognised inverse correlation was found between O3 exposure and ILD in patients with RA and SSc. Further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hua Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, UK
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Ming Yong
- Department of Management Information Systems, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, UK
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ching Ying
- Department of Management Information Systems, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Chao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Camelliti S, Le Noci V, Bianchi F, Moscheni C, Arnaboldi F, Gagliano N, Balsari A, Garassino MC, Tagliabue E, Sfondrini L, Sommariva M. Mechanisms of hyperprogressive disease after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: what we (don't) know. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:236. [PMID: 33168050 PMCID: PMC7650183 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made a breakthrough in the treatment of different types of tumors, leading to improvement in survival, even in patients with advanced cancers. Despite the good clinical results, a certain percentage of patients do not respond to this kind of immunotherapy. In addition, in a fraction of nonresponder patients, which can vary from 4 to 29% according to different studies, a paradoxical boost in tumor growth after ICI administration was observed: a completely unpredictable novel pattern of cancer progression defined as hyperprogressive disease. Since this clinical phenomenon has only been recently described, a universally accepted clinical definition is lacking, and major efforts have been made to uncover the biological bases underlying hyperprogressive disease. The lines of research pursued so far have focused their attention on the study of the immune tumor microenvironment or on the analysis of intrinsic genomic characteristics of cancer cells producing data that allowed us to formulate several hypotheses to explain this detrimental effect related to ICI therapy. The aim of this review is to summarize the most important works that, to date, provide important insights that are useful in understanding the mechanistic causes of hyperprogressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Camelliti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentino Le Noci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Molecular Targets Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Gagliano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Balsari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Chiara Garassino
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targets Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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29
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Moore EM, Maestas DR, Comeau HY, Elisseeff JH. The Immune System and Its Contribution to Variability in Regenerative Medicine. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:39-47. [PMID: 32635878 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays a critical role in directing tissue repair and regeneration outcomes. Tissue engineering technologies that are designed to promote new tissue growth will therefore be impacted by immune factors that are present in patients both locally at the site of intervention and systemically. The immune state of patients can be influenced by many factors, including infection, nutrition, and other disease comorbidities. As a result, the immune state is highly variable and may be a source of variability in tissue-engineered products in the clinic, which is not found in preclinical models. In this review, we will summarize key immune cells and evidence of their activity in tissue repair and potential in tissue engineering systems. We also discuss how clinical translation of tissue engineering strategies, in particular stem cells, helped elucidate the importance of the immune system. With increased understanding of the immune system's role in repair and tissue engineering systems, it will likely become a therapeutic target and component of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Moore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - David R Maestas
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hannah Y Comeau
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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30
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Trained immunity and tolerance in innate lymphoid cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells during allergen-specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:1865-1877. [PMID: 33039478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), the role of trained immunity and tolerance in this process has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE Here, we have performed a comprehensive longitudinal analysis of the systemic innate immune cell repertoire during the course of AIT. METHODS Patients with allergy received standard preseasonal subcutaneous AIT with allergoids to birch and/or grass. Healthy controls were monitored without any intervention. Flow cytometry of innate lymphoid cell (ILC), natural killer cell, monocyte cell, and dendritic cell (DC) subsets was performed at baseline, 3 months (birch season), 6 months (grass seasons), and 12 months after the therapy in patients or at similar seasonal time points in controls. Additional analyses were performed in the third-year birch and grass season. RESULTS We observed a durable decrease in group 2 ILCs and an increase of group 1 ILCs after AIT, with dynamic changes in their composition. We found that an expansion of CD127+CD25++ clusters caused observed shifts in the heterogeneity of group 1 ILCs. In addition, we observed development of CD127+CD25++c-Kit+ group 3 ILC clusters. Moreover, we found an increase in the number of intermediate monocytes in parallel with a reduction in nonclassical monocytes during the first year after AIT. Classical and intermediate monocytes presented significant heterogeneity in patients with allergy, but AIT reduced the HLA-DR++ clusters. Finally, an increase in plasmacytoid DCs and CD141+ myeloid DCs was observed in individuals with allergy, whereas the number of CD1c+ myeloid DCs was reduced during the first year of AIT. CONCLUSION AIT induces changes in the composition and heterogeneity of circulating innate immune cells and brings them to the level observed in healthy individuals. Monitoring of ILCs, monocytes, and DCs during AIT might serve as a novel biomarker strategy.
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31
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Quatrini L, Tumino N, Moretta F, Besi F, Vacca P, Moretta L. Helper Innate Lymphoid Cells in Allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Graft Versus Host Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582098. [PMID: 33101308 PMCID: PMC7554507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helper Innate Lymphoid Cells (hILCs), including ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s, are mainly localized at the mucosal barriers where they play an important role in tissue regeneration and homeostasis through the secretion of specific sets of cytokines. The recent identification of a circulating ILC precursor able to generate all ILC mature subsets in physiological conditions, suggests that “ILC-poiesis” may be important in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Indeed, in HSCT the conditioning regimen (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) and Graft vs Host Disease (GvHD) may cause severe damages to mucosal tissues. Therefore, it is conceivable that rapid reconstitution of the hILC compartment may be beneficial in HSCT, by promoting mucosal tissue repair/regeneration and providing protection from opportunistic infections. In this review, we will summarize the evidence for a role of hILCs in allogenic HSCT for the treatment of hematological malignancies in all its steps, from the preparative regimen to the immune reconstitution in the recipient. The protective properties of hILCs at the mucosal barrier interfaces make them an attractive target to exploit in future cellular therapies aimed at improving allogenic HSCT outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Moretta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Francesca Besi
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Vacca
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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32
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Sepsis Induces Deregulation of IL-13 Production and PD-1 Expression in Lung Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Shock 2020; 55:357-370. [PMID: 32826811 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Deregulation of the immune system in sepsis plays the central role in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure including septic lung injury. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have emerged as a new player in regulating immune homeostasis in the lung; however, the role of ILC2s in lung injury in sepsis remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated temporal changes in stimulatory and inhibitory receptor expression and intracellular type 2 cytokine expression of ILC2s in the lung using a cecal ligation and puncture mouse sepsis model. We found that IL-13 production by ILC2s, which were predominately composed of the resident natural ILC2 subset rather than the migratory inflammatory ILC2 subset, was reduced in the lungs of sepsis mice on day 1 and gradually restored through day 7. Although the expression levels of ST2 and inducible T-cell costimulator (stimulatory receptors) were high, IL-13 production by ILC2s was reduced while showing high programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) (inhibitory receptor) expression. Furthermore, using IL-33 knockout mice, we have shown that IL-33 regulates the capacity of ILC2s to produce IL-13, possibly through the modulation of ST2 and PD-1 expression and signaling in the septic lung. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing differential costimulatory/inhibitory receptor expression on ILC2s in a septic lung in the context of an IL-33/IL-13 pathway-mediated type 2 immune response in the progression and resolution of inflammation. Our present findings contribute to a better understanding of the underlying immunological mechanism of ILC2s and may fill the critical knowledge gap regarding immune homeostasis in the lung that hampers the development of new therapeutic strategies for sepsis-induced acute lung injury.
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33
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Jakob MO, Murugan S, Klose CSN. Neuro-Immune Circuits Regulate Immune Responses in Tissues and Organ Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:308. [PMID: 32265899 PMCID: PMC7099652 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dense innervation of the gastro-intestinal tract with neuronal networks, which are in close proximity to immune cells, implies a pivotal role of neurons in modulating immune functions. Neurons have the ability to directly sense danger signals, adapt immune effector functions and integrate these signals to maintain tissue integrity and host defense strategies. The expression pattern of a large set of immune cells in the intestine characterized by receptors for neurotransmitters and neuropeptides suggest a tight neuronal hierarchical control of immune functions in order to systemically control immune reactions. Compelling evidence implies that targeting neuro-immune interactions is a promising strategy to dampen immune responses in autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases or rheumatoid arthritis. In fact, electric stimulation of vagal fibers has been shown to be an extremely effective treatment strategy against overwhelming immune reactions, even after exhausted conventional treatment strategies. Such findings argue that the nervous system is underestimated coordinator of immune reactions and underline the importance of neuro-immune crosstalk for body homeostasis. Herein, we review neuro-immune interactions with a special focus on disease pathogenesis throughout the gastro-intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel O. Jakob
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Group of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shaira Murugan
- Group of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph S. N. Klose
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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34
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An Z, Flores-Borja F, Irshad S, Deng J, Ng T. Pleiotropic Role and Bidirectional Immunomodulation of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3111. [PMID: 32117199 PMCID: PMC7010811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are largely tissue resident and respond rapidly toward the environmental signals from surrounding tissues and other immune cells. The pleiotropic function of ILCs in diverse contexts underpins its importance in the innate arm of immune system in human health and disease. ILCs derive from common lymphoid progenitors but lack adaptive antigen receptors and functionally act as the innate counterpart to T-cell subsets. The classification of different subtypes is based on their distinct transcription factor requirement for development as well as signature cytokines that they produce. The discovery and subsequent characterization of ILCs over the past decade have mainly focused on the regulation of inflammation, tissue remodeling, and homeostasis, whereas the understanding of the multiple roles and mechanisms of ILCs in cancer is still limited. Emerging evidence of the potent immunomodulatory properties of ILCs in early host defense signifies a major advance in the use of ILCs as promising targets in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we will decipher the non-exclusive roles of ILCs associated with both protumor and antitumor activities. We will also dissect the heterogeneity, plasticity, genetic evidence, and dysregulation in different cancer contexts, providing a comprehensive understanding of the complexity and diversity. These will have implications for the therapeutic targeting in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen An
- KCL Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guys Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Flores-Borja
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sheeba Irshad
- KCL Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guys Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jinhai Deng
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Ng
- KCL Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guys Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Maurano F, Ogita T, Luongo D, Rotondi Aufiero V, Bergamo P, Mazzarella G, Tanabe S, Rossi M. Innate immunity is a late event in the onset of gliadin-specific enteropathy in the HLA-DQ8 mice. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151903. [PMID: 31928782 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a food enteropathy that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals following the ingestion of gluten. Both gluten cytotoxicity and immunity activation play a role in CD pathogenesis; however, the chronological assessment of the different pathogenic mechanisms remains elusive. The models developed so far have only partially addressed this issue. Herein, Ab°DQ8 transgenic mice were administered wheat gliadin and indomethacin for 10 days to induce enteropathy. Gliadin-induced alteration of the small intestinal architecture was associated with increased expression of tissue transglutaminase in the lamina propria and a marked hypoxic environment. Enteropathic mice showed activation of innate immunity, featuring an increase of pro-inflammatory IFN-γ and IL-15 mRNAs, as well as CD11c+CD103+, CD11b+CD11c+, and CD11b+CD103+ dendritic cell subsets. However, the temporal assessment of examined parameters indicated that the induction of innate immunity during the generation of the mucosal lesion, occurred belatedly, highlighting a major role of gliadin intrinsic cytotoxicity in the pathogenic mechanism of this model. These results have important implications for the use of this model to test the impact of biotechnological interventions to reduce the cytotoxicity of gliadin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maurano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Tasuku Ogita
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Diomira Luongo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Soichi Tanabe
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.
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Defining the phenotype, pathogenesis and treatment of Crohn's disease associated spondyloarthritis. J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:667-678. [PMID: 32367294 PMCID: PMC7297835 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-020-01692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral and axial spondyloarthritis are the most common extra-intestinal manifestations reported in patients with Crohn's disease. Despite the frequency of Crohn's disease associated spondyloarthritis, clinical diagnostic tools are variably applied in these cohorts and further characterization with validated spondyloarthritis disease activity indexes are needed. In addition, the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease associated spondyloarthritis is not well understood. Evidence of shared genetic, cellular, and microbial mechanisms underlying both Crohn's disease and spondyloarthritis highlight the potential for a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Existing treatment paradigms for Crohn's disease associated spondyloarthritis focus on symptom control and management of luminal inflammation. A better understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms in Crohn's disease associated spondyloarthritis and the link between the gut microbiome and systemic immunity will help pave the way for more targeted and effective therapies. This review highlights recent work that has provided a framework for clinical characterization and pathogenesis of Crohn's disease associated spondyloarthritis and helps identify critical gaps that will help shape treatment paradigms.
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Critical Roles of Balanced Innate Lymphoid Cell Subsets in Intestinal Homeostasis, Chronic Inflammation, and Cancer. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1325181. [PMID: 31781671 PMCID: PMC6875018 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1325181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) comprise a recently identified subset of innate immune cells that are mainly localized to mucosa-associated tissues. Although they have not yet been fully characterized, they can generally be divided into ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s. ILCs and their corresponding cytokines act as important mediators of the early stages of the immune response during inflammation, tissue repair, and the maintenance of epithelial integrity. Consequently, the dysregulation of ILC subsets might promote inflammation and cancer. Numerous studies have demonstrated that these cells play an important role in maintaining the microecological balance of the small intestine; however, their specific roles in mediating inflammation in this tissue and tumorigenesis remain unclear and controversial. In this review, we focus on recent progress that has helped to gain a better understanding of the role of ILCs in intestinal homeostasis, chronic inflammation, and cancer. Further focused research on the regulation and role of ILCs in intestinal homeostasis and pathology will help to reveal valuable diagnostic and therapeutic targets for the treatment of intestinal diseases.
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Abstract
Despite continuous exposure to trillions of microbes, the intestinal immune system protects the mucosa by balancing barrier protection, tolerance, and immunity. As both sentinel and effector, the mucosal innate immune system plays a central role in coordinating these responses. By integrating signals from the intestinal microbiota, mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) serve as a critical link in regulating effector functions of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). Our recent work identified the role for MNP production of the IBD-linked protein TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A) in modulating microbial regulation of ILC3 barrier immunity. These findings highlight a broader role for ILC3s in local control of T cell immunity and their potential role in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim G. Castellanos
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Randy S. Longman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA,CONTACT Randy S. Longman Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
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