1
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Gao Y, Lu Y, Liang X, Zhao M, Yu X, Fu H, Yang W. CD4 + T-Cell Senescence in Neurodegenerative Disease: Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Cells 2024; 13:749. [PMID: 38727285 PMCID: PMC11083511 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing proportion of the aging population, neurodegenerative diseases have become one of the major health issues in society. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are characterized by progressive neurodegeneration associated with aging, leading to a gradual decline in cognitive, emotional, and motor functions in patients. The process of aging is a normal physiological process in human life and is accompanied by the aging of the immune system, which is known as immunosenescence. T-cells are an important part of the immune system, and their senescence is the main feature of immunosenescence. The appearance of senescent T-cells has been shown to potentially lead to chronic inflammation and tissue damage, with some studies indicating a direct link between T-cell senescence, inflammation, and neuronal damage. The role of these subsets with different functions in NDs is still under debate. A growing body of evidence suggests that in people with a ND, there is a prevalence of CD4+ T-cell subsets exhibiting characteristics that are linked to senescence. This underscores the significance of CD4+ T-cells in NDs. In this review, we summarize the classification and function of CD4+ T-cell subpopulations, the characteristics of CD4+ T-cell senescence, the potential roles of these cells in animal models and human studies of NDs, and therapeutic strategies targeting CD4+ T-cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (X.Y.); (H.F.)
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2
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Campisi L, Chizari S, Ho JSY, Gromova A, Arnold FJ, Mosca L, Mei X, Fstkchyan Y, Torre D, Beharry C, Garcia-Forn M, Jiménez-Alcázar M, Korobeynikov VA, Prazich J, Fayad ZA, Seldin MM, De Rubeis S, Bennett CL, Ostrow LW, Lunetta C, Squatrito M, Byun M, Shneider NA, Jiang N, La Spada AR, Marazzi I. Clonally expanded CD8 T cells characterize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-4. Nature 2022; 606:945-952. [PMID: 35732742 PMCID: PMC10089623 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogenous neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor neurons and voluntary muscle control1. ALS heterogeneity includes the age of manifestation, the rate of progression and the anatomical sites of symptom onset. Disease-causing mutations in specific genes have been identified and define different subtypes of ALS1. Although several ALS-associated genes have been shown to affect immune functions2, whether specific immune features account for ALS heterogeneity is poorly understood. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-4 (ALS4) is characterized by juvenile onset and slow progression3. Patients with ALS4 show motor difficulties by the time that they are in their thirties, and most of them require devices to assist with walking by their fifties. ALS4 is caused by mutations in the senataxin gene (SETX). Here, using Setx knock-in mice that carry the ALS4-causative L389S mutation, we describe an immunological signature that consists of clonally expanded, terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) CD8 T cells in the central nervous system and the blood of knock-in mice. Increased frequencies of antigen-specific CD8 T cells in knock-in mice mirror the progression of motor neuron disease and correlate with anti-glioma immunity. Furthermore, bone marrow transplantation experiments indicate that the immune system has a key role in ALS4 neurodegeneration. In patients with ALS4, clonally expanded TEMRA CD8 T cells circulate in the peripheral blood. Our results provide evidence of an antigen-specific CD8 T cell response in ALS4, which could be used to unravel disease mechanisms and as a potential biomarker of disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Campisi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shahab Chizari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jessica S Y Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anastasia Gromova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- UCI Institute for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Frederick J Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- UCI Institute for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lorena Mosca
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Xueyan Mei
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yesai Fstkchyan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denis Torre
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cindy Beharry
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta Garcia-Forn
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Jiménez-Alcázar
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jack Prazich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig L Bennett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- UCI Institute for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lyle W Ostrow
- Neuromuscular Division of the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian Lunetta
- NEMO Clinical Center, Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy
- Neurorehabilitation Department, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Squatrito
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Minji Byun
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neil A Shneider
- Department of Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Albert R La Spada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- UCI Institute for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Ivan Marazzi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Markakis I, Charitakis I, Beeton C, Galani M, Repousi E, Aggeloglou S, Sfikakis PP, Pennington MW, Chandy KG, Poulopoulou C. Kv1.3 Channel Up-Regulation in Peripheral Blood T Lymphocytes of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:714841. [PMID: 34630091 PMCID: PMC8495199 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Kv1.3 potassium channels are key regulators of T lymphocyte activation, proliferation and cytokine production, by providing the necessary membrane hyper-polarization for calcium influx following immune stimulation. It is noteworthy that an accumulating body of in vivo and in vitro evidence links these channels to multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Here we studied the electrophysiological properties and the transcriptional and translational expression of T lymphocyte Kv1.3 channels in multiple sclerosis, by combining patch clamp recordings, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry on freshly isolated peripheral blood T lymphocytes from two patient cohorts with multiple sclerosis, as well as from healthy and disease controls. Our data demonstrate that T lymphocytes in MS, manifest a significant up-regulation of Kv1.3 mRNA, Kv1.3 membrane protein and Kv1.3 current density and therefore of functional membrane channel protein, compared to control groups (p < 0.001). Interestingly, patient sub-grouping shows that Kv1.3 channel density is significantly higher in secondary progressive, compared to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (p < 0.001). Taking into account the tight connection between Kv1.3 channel activity and calcium-dependent processes, our data predict and could partly explain the reported alterations of T lymphocyte function in multiple sclerosis, while they highlight Kv1.3 channels as potential therapeutic targets and peripheral biomarkers for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Markakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, "St. Panteleimon" General State Hospital, Nikaia, Greece
| | - Ioannis Charitakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Melpomeni Galani
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Elpida Repousi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, "St. Panteleimon" General State Hospital, Nikaia, Greece
| | - Stella Aggeloglou
- Department of Neurology, "St. Panteleimon" General State Hospital, Nikaia, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - K George Chandy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore
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4
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Ramello MC, Núñez NG, Tosello Boari J, Bossio SN, Canale FP, Abrate C, Ponce N, Del Castillo A, Ledesma M, Viel S, Richer W, Sedlik C, Tiraboschi C, Muñoz M, Compagno D, Gruppi A, Acosta Rodríguez EV, Piaggio E, Montes CL. Polyfunctional KLRG-1 +CD57 + Senescent CD4 + T Cells Infiltrate Tumors and Are Expanded in Peripheral Blood From Breast Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713132. [PMID: 34386013 PMCID: PMC8353459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent T cells have been described during aging, chronic infections, and cancer; however, a comprehensive study of the phenotype, function, and transcriptional program of this T cell population in breast cancer (BC) patients is missing. Compared to healthy donors (HDs), BC patients exhibit an accumulation of KLRG-1+CD57+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood. These T cells infiltrate tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes. KLRG-1+CD57+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from BC patients and HDs exhibit features of senescence, and despite their inhibitory receptor expression, they produce more effector cytokines and exhibit higher expression of Perforin, Granzyme B, and CD107a than non-senescent subsets. When compared to blood counterparts, tumor-infiltrating senescent CD4+ T cells show similar surface phenotype but reduced cytokine production. Transcriptional profiling of senescent CD4+ T cells from the peripheral blood of BC patients reveals enrichment in genes associated with NK or CD8+-mediated cytotoxicity, TCR-mediated stimulation, and cell exhaustion compared to non-senescent T cells. Comparison of the transcriptional profile of senescent CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood of BC patients with those of HDs highlighted marked similarities but also relevant differences. Senescent CD4+ T cells from BC patients show enrichment in T-cell signaling, processes involved in DNA replication, p53 pathways, oncogene-induced senescence, among others compared to their counterparts in HDs. High gene expression of CD4, KLRG-1, and B3GAT1 (CD57), which correlates with increased overall survival for BC patients, underscores the usefulness of the evaluation of the frequency of senescent CD4+ T cells as a biomarker in the follow-up of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Ramello
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás G Núñez
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Translational Research Department, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Jimena Tosello Boari
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Translational Research Department, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina N Bossio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando P Canale
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Abrate
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Ponce
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Marta Ledesma
- Gynecology Deparment, Hospital Rawson, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sophie Viel
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Translational Research Department, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Wilfrid Richer
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Translational Research Department, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Christine Sedlik
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Translational Research Department, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Carolina Tiraboschi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, CABA (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Marcos Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Medicina experimental y terapéutica, IMIBIO, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Daniel Compagno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, CABA (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V Acosta Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Translational Research Department, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Carolina L Montes
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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5
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Treg-Resistant Cytotoxic CD4 + T Cells Dictate T Helper Cells in Their Vicinity: TH17 Skewing and Modulation of Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115660. [PMID: 34073458 PMCID: PMC8198086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4 CTL) are terminally differentiated T helper cells that contribute to autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. We developed a novel triple co-culture transwell assay to study mutual interactions between CD4 CTL, conventional TH cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) simultaneously. We show that, while CD4 CTL are resistant to suppression by Tregs in vitro, the conditioned medium of CD4 CTL accentuates the suppressive phenotype of Tregs by upregulating IL-10, Granzyme B, CTLA-4, and PD-1. We demonstrate that CD4 CTL conditioned medium skews memory TH cells to a TH17 phenotype, suggesting that the CD4 CTL induce bystander polarization. In our triple co-culture assay, the CD4 CTL secretome promotes the proliferation of TH cells, even in the presence of Tregs. However, when cell−cell contact is established between CD4 CTL and TH cells, the proliferation of TH cells is no longer increased and Treg-mediated suppression is restored. Taken together, our results suggest that when TH cells acquire cytotoxic properties, these Treg-resistant CD4 CTL affect the proliferation and phenotype of conventional TH cells in their vicinity. By creating such a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, CD4 CTL may favor their own persistence and expansion, and that of other potentially pathogenic TH cells, thereby contributing to pathogenic responses in autoimmune disorders.
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6
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Devi-Marulkar P, Moraes-Cabe C, Campagne P, Corre B, Meghraoui-Kheddar A, Bondet V, Llibre A, Duffy D, Maillart E, Papeix C, Pellegrini S, Michel F. Altered Immune Phenotypes and HLA-DQB1 Gene Variation in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Failing Interferon β Treatment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628375. [PMID: 34113337 PMCID: PMC8185344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon beta (IFNβ) has been prescribed as a first-line disease-modifying therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) for nearly three decades. However, there is still a lack of treatment response markers that correlate with the clinical outcome of patients. Aim To determine a combination of cellular and molecular blood signatures associated with the efficacy of IFNβ treatment using an integrated approach. Methods The immune status of 40 RRMS patients, 15 of whom were untreated and 25 that received IFNβ1a treatment (15 responders, 10 non-responders), was investigated by phenotyping regulatory CD4+ T cells and naïve/memory T cell subsets, by measurement of circulating IFNα/β proteins with digital ELISA (Simoa) and analysis of ~600 immune related genes including 159 interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) with the Nanostring technology. The potential impact of HLA class II gene variation in treatment responsiveness was investigated by genotyping HLA-DRB1, -DRB3,4,5, -DQA1, and -DQB1, using as a control population the Milieu Interieur cohort of 1,000 French healthy donors. Results Clinical responders and non-responders displayed similar plasma levels of IFNβ and similar ISG profiles. However, non-responders mainly differed from other subject groups with reduced circulating naïve regulatory T cells, enhanced terminally differentiated effector memory CD4+ TEMRA cells, and altered expression of at least six genes with immunoregulatory function. Moreover, non-responders were enriched for HLA-DQB1 genotypes encoding DQ8 and DQ2 serotypes. Interestingly, these two serotypes are associated with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. Overall, the immune signatures of non-responders suggest an active disease that is resistant to therapeutic IFNβ, and in which CD4+ T cells, likely restricted by DQ8 and/or DQ2, exert enhanced autoreactive and bystander inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Devi-Marulkar
- Cytokine Signaling Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Carolina Moraes-Cabe
- Cytokine Signaling Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Campagne
- Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Corre
- Cytokine Signaling Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Aida Meghraoui-Kheddar
- Cytokine Signaling Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Bondet
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alba Llibre
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Caroline Papeix
- Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Pellegrini
- Cytokine Signaling Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Michel
- Cytokine Signaling Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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7
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Puthenparampil M, Tomas-Ojer P, Hornemann T, Lutterotti A, Jelcic I, Ziegler M, Hülsmeier AJ, Cruciani C, Faigle W, Martin R, Sospedra M. Altered CSF Albumin Quotient Links Peripheral Inflammation and Brain Damage in MS. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 8:8/2/e951. [PMID: 33649179 PMCID: PMC7963437 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CNS damage can increase the susceptibility of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to changes induced by systemic inflammation. The aim of this study is to better understand BBB permeability in patients with MS and to examine whether compromised BBB integrity in some of these patients is associated with CNS damage and systemic inflammation. METHODS Routine CSF measurements of 121 patients with MS were analyzed including number and type of infiltrating cells, total protein, lactate, and oligoclonal bands, as well as intrathecal production of immunoglobulins and CSF/serum quotients for albumin, immunoglobulins, and glucose. In addition, in a subcohort of these patients, we performed ex vivo immunophenotyping of CSF-infiltrating and paired circulating lymphocytes using a panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies, we quantified intrathecal neurofilament light chain (NF-L) and chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), and we performed intrathecal lipidomic analysis. RESULTS Patients with MS with abnormal high levels of albumin in the CSF showed a distinct CSF cell infiltrate and markers of CNS damage such as increased intrathecal levels of NF-L and CHI3L1 as well as a distinct CSF lipidomic profile. In addition, these patients showed higher numbers of circulating proinflammatory Th1 and Th1* cells compatible with systemic inflammation. Of interest, the abnormally high levels of albumin in the CSF of those patients were preserved over time. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that CNS damage may increase BBB vulnerability to systemic inflammation in a subset of patients and thus contribute to disease heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Puthenparampil
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paula Tomas-Ojer
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lutterotti
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilijas Jelcic
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Ziegler
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas J Hülsmeier
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Cruciani
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Faigle
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Martin
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mireia Sospedra
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland.
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8
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López P, Rodríguez-Carrio J, Caminal-Montero L, Suárez A. Relationship Between T-Cell Exosomes and Cellular Subsets in SLE According to Type I IFN-Signaling. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:604098. [PMID: 33330567 PMCID: PMC7734125 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.604098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To quantify the levels of circulating exosomes derived from T-cells and monocytes and their possible associations with leukocyte subpopulations and cytokine milieu in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Total circulating exosomes (CD9+-Ex) and those derived from T-cells (CD3+-Ex) and monocytes (CD14+-Ex) were quantified by flow cytometry in 82 SLE patients and 32 controls. Leukocyte subsets and serum cytokines were analyzed by flow cytometry or by immunoassays. IFN-score was evaluated by real time RT-PCR in whole blood samples from a subgroup of 73 patients and 24 controls. Results: Activation markers (IFNR1 and BLyS) on monocytes, neutrophils and B-cells correlated inversely with circulating exosomes (CD9+-Ex, CD3+-Ex, and CD14+-Ex) in controls but directly with CD3+-Ex in patients (all p < 0.05). Although CD9+-Ex were increased in SLE, no differences were found in CD3+-Ex, supporting that exosome content accounts for this opposite role. Interestingly, CD4+CD28null cells correlated with CD3+-Ex in patients and controls, and displayed similar associations with leukocyte subsets in both groups. Additionally, CD3+-Ex correlated in patients with the expression of CD25 in CD4+CD28null cells. Furthermore, the activated status of this senescent subset was related to IFNα serum levels in controls and to IFN-score in SLE patients. Finally, patients presenting high IFN-score, in addition to elevated CD25+CD28null cells associated with the activation of myeloid cells, displayed higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Conclusion: Our results support a relationship between T-cell exosomes and cellular subsets in SLE according to type I IFN-signaling, which could amplify chronic immune activation and excessive cytokine/chemokine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia López
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Group of Basic and Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Group of Basic and Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Caminal-Montero
- Group of Basic and Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Suárez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Group of Basic and Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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9
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Iwaszko M, Świerkot J, Dratwa M, Wysoczańska B, Korman L, Bugaj B, Kolossa K, Jeka S, Wiland P, Bogunia-Kubik K. Association of MICA-129Met/Val polymorphism with clinical outcome of anti-TNF therapy and MICA serum levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2020; 20:760-769. [PMID: 32123296 PMCID: PMC7674153 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-020-0164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA) is a stress-induced protein involved in activation of NK and T cells through interaction with NKG2D receptor. These molecules are atypically expressed in synovium of patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A total of 279 patients with RA, qualified to TNF-blockade therapy, were genotyped for MICA rs1051792 SNP. The effectiveness of anti-TNF agents was assessed with European League Against Rheumatism criteria. Significant relationship between MICA rs1051792 and outcome of TNF-blockade therapy has been found. The MICA rs1051792 GG genotype was overrepresented in patients non-responsive to anti-TNF drugs in comparison with other genotypes (p = 0.010). On the other hand, beneficial therapeutic response was more frequently detected among RA subjects possessing heterozygous genotype than those with homozygous genotypes (p = 0.003). Furthermore, increased MICA concentrations in serum were observed in patients possessing MICA rs1051792 GG genotype as compared with those with GA or AA genotypes (p = 1.8 × 10-5). The results from this study indicate the potential influence of MICA rs1051792 polymorphism on modulation of therapeutic response to TNF-blockade treatment in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Iwaszko
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Świerkot
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Dratwa
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barbara Wysoczańska
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lucyna Korman
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bugaj
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kolossa
- Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Bydgoszcz, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, UMK, Torun, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jeka
- Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Bydgoszcz, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, UMK, Torun, Poland
| | - Piotr Wiland
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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10
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Bano A, Pera A, Almoukayed A, Clarke THS, Kirmani S, Davies KA, Kern F. CD28 null CD4 T-cell expansions in autoimmune disease suggest a link with cytomegalovirus infection. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 30984377 PMCID: PMC6436193 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17119.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is thought to contribute to the increase of autoimmune diseases in older people. Immunosenescence is often associated with the presence of an expanded population of CD4 T cells lacking expression of CD28 (CD28
null). These highly cytotoxic CD4 T cells were isolated from disease-affected tissues in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, or other chronic inflammatory diseases and their numbers appeared to be linked to disease severity. However, we recently demonstrated that the common herpes virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), not ageing, is the major driver of this subset of cytotoxic T cells. In this review, we discuss how CMV might potentiate and exacerbate autoimmune disease through the expansion of CD28
null CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalia Bano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Alejandra Pera
- Department of Immunology, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ahmad Almoukayed
- Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Thomas H S Clarke
- Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Sukaina Kirmani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Kevin A Davies
- Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Florian Kern
- Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PX, UK
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11
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Lynch KD, Keshav S, Chapman RW. The Use of Biologics in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. CURRENT HEPATOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 18:115-126. [PMID: 31008013 PMCID: PMC6445403 DOI: 10.1007/s11901-019-00456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Biologics are well established in the treatment of many immuno-inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, although primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is closely associated with IBD, the role of biologics in PSC remains uncertain. Many new biologics are becoming available to treat IBD, and this review aims to use the experience of biologics in PSC so far to guide more effective evaluation of emerging therapies in the future. RECENT FINDINGS Antibodies to TNF-α were the first biologics used in IBD, and retrospective analysis suggests that they may have some benefit in PSC, even though an early randomised controlled trial (RCT) showed no effect. Mechanistic studies suggest that TNF-α may have a pathogenic role in PSC. An antibody to integrin α4β7 is effective in IBD, and there are emerging data on its effects in PSC, although no RCT data are available. Mechanistic studies suggest that interrupting the migration of lymphocytes is relevant in PSC. Two biologics, targeting vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), and lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) have been tested in RCTs. The trial of anti-VAP1 is ongoing, whilst the anti-LOXL2 trial was negative. SUMMARY Anti-TNF antibodies may benefit PSC when used to treat concomitant IBD, and this may be a direct effect on the liver in a subgroup of patients, or may be an indirect effect of treating IBD. Similarly, anti-integrin therapy may benefit a subset of patients with IBD and PSC. RCTs could decide the role of emerging biologics in PSC, although future trials should be guided by biomarkers that could predict response to the pathway being targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate D. Lynch
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Level 5, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Satish Keshav
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Level 5, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Roger W. Chapman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Level 5, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
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12
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Correale J, Marrodan M, Ysrraelit MC. Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration and Axonal Dysfunction in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7010014. [PMID: 30791637 PMCID: PMC6466454 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a major cause of neurological disability, which increases predominantly during disease progression as a result of cortical and grey matter structures involvement. The gradual accumulation of disability characteristic of the disease seems to also result from a different set of mechanisms, including in particular immune reactions confined to the Central Nervous System such as: (a) B-cell dysregulation, (b) CD8+ T cells causing demyelination or axonal/neuronal damage, and (c) microglial cell activation associated with neuritic transection found in cortical demyelinating lesions. Other potential drivers of neurodegeneration are generation of oxygen and nitrogen reactive species, and mitochondrial damage, inducing impaired energy production, and intra-axonal accumulation of Ca2+, which in turn activates a variety of catabolic enzymes ultimately leading to progressive proteolytic degradation of cytoskeleton proteins. Loss of axon energy provided by oligodendrocytes determines further axonal degeneration and neuronal loss. Clearly, these different mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and could act in combination. Given the multifactorial pathophysiology of progressive MS, many potential therapeutic targets could be investigated in the future. This remains however, an objective that has yet to be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Correale
- Department of Neurology, FLENI, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
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13
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DGAT1 inhibits retinol-dependent regulatory T cell formation and mediates autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3126-3135. [PMID: 30718413 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817669116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance of effector versus regulatory T cells (Tregs) controls inflammation in numerous settings, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we show that memory phenotype CD4+ T cells infiltrating the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely studied animal model of MS, expressed high levels of mRNA for Dgat1 encoding diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1), an enzyme that catalyzes triglyceride synthesis and retinyl ester formation. DGAT1 inhibition or deficiency attenuated EAE, with associated enhanced Treg frequency; and encephalitogenic, DGAT1-/- in vitro-polarized Th17 cells were poor inducers of EAE in adoptive recipients. DGAT1 acyltransferase activity sequesters retinol in ester form, preventing synthesis of retinoic acid, a cofactor for Treg generation. In cultures with T cell-depleted lymphoid tissues, retinol enhanced Treg induction from DGAT1-/- but not from WT T cells. The WT Treg induction defect was reversed by DGAT1 inhibition. These results demonstrate that DGAT1 suppresses retinol-dependent Treg formation and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target for autoimmune inflammation.
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14
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Iannetta M, Zingaropoli MA, Latronico T, Pati I, Pontecorvo S, Prezioso C, Pietropaolo V, Cortese A, Frontoni M, D'Agostino C, Francia A, Vullo V, Mastroianni CM, Liuzzi GM, Ciardi MR. Dynamic changes of MMP-9 plasma levels correlate with JCV reactivation and immune activation in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:311. [PMID: 30670793 PMCID: PMC6342994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the changes of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 plasma levels during natalizumab treatment and their correlation with JC virus (JCV) reactivation and T-lymphocyte phenotypic modifications in peripheral blood samples from 34 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. MMP-9 levels were assessed by zymography in plasma samples. JCV-DNA was detected through quantitative real time PCR in plasma samples. T-lymphocyte phenotype was assessed with flow cytometry. MMP-9 plasma levels resulted increased from 12 to 24 natalizumab infusions. Stratifying plasma samples according to JCV-DNA detection, MMP-9 plasma levels were significantly increased in JCV-DNA positive than JCV-DNA negative samples. MMP-9 plasma levels resulted positively correlated with JCV viral load. CD4 immune senescence, CD8 immune activation and CD8 effector percentages were positively correlated to MMP-9 plasma levels, whereas a negative correlation between CD8 naïve percentages and MMP-9 plasma levels was found. Our data indicate an increase of MMP-9 plasma levels between 12 and 24 natalizumab infusions and a correlation with JCV-DNA detection in plasma, T-lymphocyte immune activation and senescence. These findings could contribute to understand PML pathogenesis under natalizumab treatment, suggesting a potential role of MMP-9 as a predictive marker of PML in RRMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Iannetta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pati
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Pontecorvo
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cortese
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Frontoni
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia D'Agostino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Francia
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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15
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Aqel SI, Granitto MC, Nuro-Gyina PK, Pei W, Liu Y, Lovett-Racke AE, Racke MK, Yang Y. Distinct roles for Blimp-1 in autoreactive CD4 T cells during priming and effector phase of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 325:20-28. [PMID: 30366205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein (Blimp-1) is a transcription factor that regulates effector/memory B cells and CD8 T cells. Here we show that Blimp-1 is expressed in both Th1 and Th17 cells in vitro and highly expressed in effector/memory myelin-specific CD4 T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. The immunized Blimp-1 conditional knockout mice have a significantly delayed disease onset but enhanced disease severity during the effector phase compared to their wild-type littermates, suggesting that Blimp-1 is a unique transcription factor with distinct roles in the regulation of myelin-specific CD4 T cells during priming and effector phase of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba I Aqel
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Marissa C Granitto
- Neuroscience Program, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Patrick K Nuro-Gyina
- Postbacculaureate Research Education Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Pei
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Amy E Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Michael K Racke
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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16
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Role of Immunological Memory Cells as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7110148. [PMID: 29112130 PMCID: PMC5704155 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological targeting of memory cells is an attractive treatment strategy in various autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. Multiple sclerosis is the most common inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by focal immune cell infiltration, activation of microglia and astrocytes, along with progressive damage to myelin sheaths, axons, and neurons. The current review begins with the identification of memory cell types in the previous literature and a recent description of the modulation of these cell types in T, B, and resident memory cells in the presence of different clinically approved multiple sclerosis drugs. Overall, this review paper tries to determine the potential of memory cells to act as a target for the current or newly-developed drugs.
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17
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Park JH, Kim JH, Jo KE, Na SW, Eisenhut M, Kronbichler A, Lee KH, Shin JI. Field Synopsis and Re-analysis of Systematic Meta-analyses of Genetic Association Studies in Multiple Sclerosis: a Bayesian Approach. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5672-5688. [PMID: 29027112 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To provide an up-to-date summary of multiple sclerosis-susceptible gene variants and assess the noteworthiness in hopes of finding true associations, we investigated the results of 44 meta-analyses on gene variants and multiple sclerosis published through December 2016. Out of 70 statistically significant genotype associations, roughly a fifth (21%) of the comparisons showed noteworthy false-positive rate probability (FPRP) at a statistical power to detect an OR of 1.5 and at a prior probability of 10-6 assumed for a random single nucleotide polymorphism. These associations (IRF8/rs17445836, STAT3/rs744166, HLA/rs4959093, HLA/rs2647046, HLA/rs7382297, HLA/rs17421624, HLA/rs2517646, HLA/rs9261491, HLA/rs2857439, HLA/rs16896944, HLA/rs3132671, HLA/rs2857435, HLA/rs9261471, HLA/rs2523393, HLA-DRB1/rs3135388, RGS1/rs2760524, PTGER4/rs9292777) also showed a noteworthy Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP) and one additional association (CD24 rs8734/rs52812045) was also noteworthy via BFDP computation. Herein, we have identified several noteworthy biomarkers of multiple sclerosis susceptibility. We hope these data are used to study multiple sclerosis genetics and inform future screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyon Park
- Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hi Kim
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Eun Jo
- College of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Se Whan Na
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Eisenhut
- Department of Pediatrics, Luton & Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Keum Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Tanner MR, Tajhya RB, Huq R, Gehrmann EJ, Rodarte KE, Atik MA, Norton RS, Pennington MW, Beeton C. Prolonged immunomodulation in inflammatory arthritis using the selective Kv1.3 channel blocker HsTX1[R14A] and its PEGylated analog. Clin Immunol 2017; 180:45-57. [PMID: 28389388 PMCID: PMC5484050 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Effector memory T lymphocytes (TEM cells) that lack expression of CCR7 are major drivers of inflammation in a number of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The Kv1.3 potassium channel is a key regulator of CCR7- TEM cell activation. Blocking Kv1.3 inhibits TEM cell activation and attenuates inflammation in autoimmunity, and as such, Kv1.3 has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of TEM cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. The scorpion venom-derived peptide HsTX1 and its analog HsTX1[R14A] are potent Kv1.3 blockers and HsTX1[R14A] is selective for Kv1.3 over closely-related Kv1 channels. PEGylation of HsTX1[R14A] to create a Kv1.3 blocker with a long circulating half-life reduced its affinity but not its selectivity for Kv1.3, dramatically reduced its adsorption to inert surfaces, and enhanced its circulating half-life in rats. PEG-HsTX1[R14A] is equipotent to HsTX1[R14A] in preferential inhibition of human and rat CCR7- TEM cell proliferation, leaving CCR7+ naïve and central memory T cells able to proliferate. It reduced inflammation in an active delayed-type hypersensitivity model and in the pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Importantly, a single subcutaneous dose of PEG-HsTX1[R14A] reduced inflammation in PIA for a longer period of time than the non-PEGylated HsTX1[R14A]. Together, these data indicate that HsTX1[R14A] and PEG-HsTX1[R14A] are effective in a model of RA and are therefore potential therapeutics for TEM cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. PEG-HsTX1[R14A] has the additional advantages of reduced non-specific adsorption to inert surfaces and enhanced circulating half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology & Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rajeev B Tajhya
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Redwan Huq
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Gehrmann
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kathia E Rodarte
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mustafa A Atik
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Raymond S Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biology of Inflammation Center and Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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19
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Kim HY, Yoo TH, Hwang Y, Lee GH, Kim B, Jang J, Yu HT, Kim MC, Cho JY, Lee CJ, Kim HC, Park S, Lee WW. Indoxyl sulfate (IS)-mediated immune dysfunction provokes endothelial damage in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Sci Rep 2017; 7:3057. [PMID: 28596556 PMCID: PMC5465082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive renal failure causes uremia-related immune dysfunction, which features a chronic inflammatory milieu. Given the central role of end-stage renal disease (ESRD)-related immune dysfunction in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), much attention has been focused on how uremic toxins affect cellular immunity and the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in ESRD patients. Here, we investigated the characteristics of monocytes and CD4+ T cells in ESRD patients and the immune responses induced by indoxyl sulfate (IS), a key uremic toxin, in order to explore the pathogenic effects of these cells on vascular endothelial cells. In ESRD patients, monocytes respond to IS through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and consequently produce increased levels of TNF-α. Upon stimulation with TNF-α, human vascular endothelial cells produce copious amounts of CX3CL1, a chemokine ligand of CX3CR1 that is highly expressed on CD4+CD28-T cells, the predominantly expanded cell type in ESRD patients. A migration assay showed that CD4+CD28- T cells were preferentially recruited by CX3CL1. Moreover, activated CD4+CD28- T cells exhibited cytotoxic capability allowing for the induction of apoptosis in HUVECs. Our findings suggest that in ESRD, IS-mediated immune dysfunction may cause vascular endothelial cell damage and thus, this toxin plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuri Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ga Hye Lee
- BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bonah Kim
- BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Tae Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Chang Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan Joo Lee
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center and Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute and Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
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20
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Vanheusden M, Broux B, Welten SPM, Peeters LM, Panagioti E, Van Wijmeersch B, Somers V, Stinissen P, Arens R, Hellings N. Cytomegalovirus infection exacerbates autoimmune mediated neuroinflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:663. [PMID: 28386103 PMCID: PMC5428769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a latent virus which causes chronic activation of the immune system. Here, we demonstrate that cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory CD4+CD28null T cells are only present in CMV seropositive donors and that CMV-specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) G titers correlate with the percentage of these cells. In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with CMVpp65 peptide resulted in the expansion of pre-existing CD4+CD28null T cells. In vivo, we observed de novo formation, as well as expansion of CD4+CD28null T cells in two different chronic inflammation models, namely the murine CMV (MCMV) model and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model for multiple sclerosis (MS). In EAE, the percentage of peripheral CD4+CD28null T cells correlated with disease severity. Pre-exposure to MCMV further aggravated EAE symptoms, which was paralleled by peripheral expansion of CD4+CD28null T cells, increased splenocyte MOG reactivity and higher levels of spinal cord demyelination. Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells were identified in demyelinated spinal cord regions, suggesting that peripherally expanded CD4+CD28null T cells migrate towards the central nervous system to inflict damage. Taken together, we demonstrate that CMV drives the expansion of CD4+CD28null T cells, thereby boosting the activation of disease-specific CD4+ T cells and aggravating autoimmune mediated inflammation and demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Vanheusden
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Suzanne P M Welten
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbet M Peeters
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Eleni Panagioti
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Van Wijmeersch
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Rehabilitation and Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Overpelt, Belgium
| | - Veerle Somers
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Piet Stinissen
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ramon Arens
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Hellings
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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21
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Rolfes MC, Juhn YJ, Wi CI, Sheen YH. Asthma and the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Insight into the Heterogeneity and Phenotypes of Asthma. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2017; 80:113-135. [PMID: 28416952 PMCID: PMC5392483 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2017.80.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is traditionally regarded as a chronic airway disease, and recent literature proves its heterogeneity, based on distinctive clusters or phenotypes of asthma. In defining such asthma clusters, the nature of comorbidity among patients with asthma is poorly understood, by assuming no causal relationship between asthma and other comorbid conditions, including both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that the status of asthma significantly affects the increased susceptibility of the patient to both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Specifically, the impact of asthma on susceptibility to noncommunicable diseases such as chronic systemic inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), may provide an important insight into asthma as a disease with systemic inflammatory features, a conceptual understanding between asthma and asthma-related comorbidity, and the potential implications on the therapeutic and preventive interventions for patients with asthma. This review discusses the currently under-recognized clinical and immunological phenotypes of asthma; specifically, a higher risk of developing a systemic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis and their implications, on the conceptual understanding and management of asthma. Our discussion is divided into three parts: literature summary on the relationship between asthma and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis; potential mechanisms underlying the association; and implications on asthma management and research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young Jun Juhn
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine/Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chung-Il Wi
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Youn Ho Sheen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Rational design of a Kv1.3 channel-blocking antibody as a selective immunosuppressant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:11501-11506. [PMID: 27663736 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612803113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A variable region fusion strategy was used to generate an immunosuppressive antibody based on a novel "stalk-knob" structural motif in the ultralong complementary-determining region (CDR) of a bovine antibody. The potent Kv1.3 channel inhibitory peptides Moka1-toxin and Vm24-toxin were grafted into different CDRs of the humanized antibodies BVK and Synagis (Syn) using both β-sheet and coiled-coil linkers. Structure-activity relationship efforts led to generation of the fusion protein Syn-Vm24-CDR3L, which demonstrated excellent selectivity and potency against effector human memory T cells (subnanomolar to picomolar EC50 values). This fusion antibody also had significantly improved plasma half-life and serum stability in rodents compared with the parent Vm24 peptide. Finally, this fusion protein showed potent in vivo efficacy in the delayed type hypersensitivity in rats. These results illustrate the utility of antibody CDR fusions as a general and effective strategy to generate long-acting functional antibodies, and may lead to a selective immunosuppressive antibody for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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23
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Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Possible Roles of Adipokines. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4036232. [PMID: 27721574 PMCID: PMC5046034 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4036232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the Central Nervous System that has been associated with several environmental factors, such as diet and obesity. The possible link between MS and obesity has become more interesting in recent years since the discovery of the remarkable properties of adipose tissue. Once MS is initiated, obesity can contribute to increased disease severity by negatively influencing disease progress and treatment response, but, also, obesity in early life is highly relevant as a susceptibility factor and causally related risk for late MS development. The aim of this review was to discuss recent evidence about the link between obesity, as a chronic inflammatory state, and the pathogenesis of MS as a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease. First, we describe the main cells involved in MS pathogenesis, both from neural tissue and from the immune system, and including a new participant, the adipocyte, focusing on their roles in MS. Second, we concentrate on the role of several adipokines that are able to participate in the mediation of the immune response in MS and on the possible cross talk between the latter. Finally, we explore recent therapy that involves the transplantation of adipocyte precursor cells for the treatment of MS.
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24
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Amu S, Lantto Graham R, Bekele Y, Nasi A, Bengtsson C, Rethi B, Sorial S, Meini G, Zazzi M, Hejdeman B, Chiodi F. Dysfunctional phenotypes of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are comparable in patients initiating ART during early or chronic HIV-1 infection. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3738. [PMID: 27281071 PMCID: PMC4907649 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is becoming a common clinical practice according to current guidelines recommending treatment to all HIV-1-infected patients. However, it is not known whether ART initiated during the early phase of infection prevents the establishment of abnormal phenotypic features previously reported in CD4+ and CD8+T cells during chronic HIV-1 infection. In this cross-sectional study, blood specimens were obtained from 17 HIV-1-infected patients who began ART treatment shortly after infection (early ART [EA]), 17 age-matched HIV-1-infected patients who started ART during chronic phase of infection (late ART [LA]), and 25 age-matched non-HIV-1-infected controls. At collection of specimens, patients in EA and LA groups had received ART for comparable periods of time. Total HIV-1 DNA was measured in white blood cells by quantitative PCR. The concentration of 9 inflammatory parameters and 1 marker of fibrosis, including sCD14 and β-2 microglobulin, was measured in plasma. Furthermore, expression of markers of abnormal immune activation (human leukocyte antigen - antigen D related [HLA-DR] and CD38), exhaustion (programmed death 1, CD28, CD57) and terminal differentiation (CD127) was measured on CD4+ and CD8+T cells. T-cell proliferation was measured through Ki67 expression. The copies of total HIV-1 DNA in blood were significantly lower (P = 0.009) in EA compared with that in LA group. Only the expression of HLA-DR on naïve CD4+ T cells distinguished EA from LA, whereas expression of 3 surface markers distinguished T-cell populations of HIV-1-infected patients from controls. These included HLA-DR distinguishing CD4+ T cells from EA compared with controls, and also CD38 and CD127 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively, distinguishing both groups of patients from controls. The sCD14 levels were significantly higher in EA patients, and β-2 microglobulin levels were higher in LA group compared with that in controls. Our results demonstrate an equivalent abnormal expression of activation (HLA-DR and CD38 on CD4+ T cells) and terminal differentiation (CD127 on CD8+ T cells) markers in T cells from both EA and LA patients. The size of total HIV-1 DNA copies in blood of EA was lower compared with LA patients. These findings suggest that some abnormalities taking place in the T-cell compartment during primary HIV-1 infection may not be corrected by early ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Amu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology
| | | | - Yonas Bekele
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology
| | | | | | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology
- Department of Medicine at Solna
| | - Sam Sorial
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet and Unit of Infectious Diseases/Venhälsan, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Genny Meini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Policlinico S. Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zazzi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Policlinico S. Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | - Bo Hejdeman
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet and Unit of Infectious Diseases/Venhälsan, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology
- ∗Correspondence: Francesca Chiodi, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Nobels väg 16, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden (e-mail: )
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25
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Pandya JM, Loell I, Hossain MS, Zong M, Alexanderson H, Raghavan S, Lundberg IE, Malmström V. Effects of conventional immunosuppressive treatment on CD244+ (CD28null) and FOXP3+ T cells in the inflamed muscle of patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:80. [PMID: 27039301 PMCID: PMC4818535 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T-cell infiltrates may persist in muscle tissue of polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) patients despite aggressive immunosuppressive treatment. Here, we investigated to what extent persistent T cells in affected muscle were FOXP3+, a marker for regulatory T cells (Tregs), or CD244+, a marker for CD28null T cells, and whether their presence correlated to clinical outcome. The sensitivity of CD28null T cells towards glucocorticoid and Treg-mediated immunosuppression was also investigated. Methods Muscle biopsies from 16 newly diagnosed or untreated patients with PM/DM were investigated by immunohistochemistry for expression of CD3, FOXP3 and CD244 before and after treatment with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents. For clinical evaluation, serum levels of creatine kinase, muscle performance (FI and MMT8), disease activity (MITAX) and disability (HAQ) were measured. In vitro suppressive effects of glucocorticoids and Tregs on T-cell activation were measured by CD69 upregulation. Results Before treatment, CD244+ cells were present at higher proportions compared to FOXP3+ cells in the inflamed muscle. Following treatment, FOXP3+ cell numbers decreased while CD244+ cells persisted. Patients with impaired muscle function (<75 % FI) post-treatment had higher levels of CD244+ cells in the follow-up biopsy compared to those with FI >75 %. MITAX and HAQ correlated with the number of CD244+ cells post-treatment. CD4+CD28null T cells displayed lower sensitivity towards both glucocorticoid and Treg-mediated immunosuppression in vitro compared to their CD28+ counterparts. Conclusions Poor outcome in patients with myositis following immunosuppressive therapy was linked to persistence of CD244+ (CD28null) T cells in muscle tissue, suggesting their resistance against immunosuppression. A relative loss of regulatory T cells could also contribute to poor clinical outcome given their recently ascribed role in muscle tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh M Pandya
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingela Loell
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Shahadat Hossain
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mei Zong
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Alexanderson
- Department of NVS, Division of Physiotherapy, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge and Physiotherapy Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sukanya Raghavan
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid E Lundberg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivianne Malmström
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Edvardsen K, Hellesen A, Husebye ES, Bratland E. Analysis of cellular and humoral immune responses against cytomegalovirus in patients with autoimmune Addison's disease. J Transl Med 2016; 14:68. [PMID: 26956521 PMCID: PMC4784442 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD) is caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Variants of genes encoding immunologically important proteins such as the HLA molecules are strongly associated with AAD, but any environmental risk factors have yet to be defined. We hypothesized that primary or reactivating infections with cytomegalovirus (CMV) could represent an environmental risk factor in AAD, and that CMV specific CD8+ T cell responses may be dysregulated, possibly leading to a suboptimal control of CMV. In particular, the objective was to assess the HLA-B8 restricted CD8+ T cell response to CMV since this HLA class I variant is a genetic risk factor for AAD. Methods To examine the CD8+ T cell response in detail, we analyzed the HLA-A2 and HLA-B8 restricted responses in AAD patients and healthy controls seropositive for CMV antibodies using HLA multimer technology, IFN-γ ELISpot and a CD107a based degranulation assay. Results No differences between patients and controls were found in functions or frequencies of CMV-specific T cells, regardless if the analyses were performed ex vivo or after in vitro stimulation and expansion. However, individual patients showed signs of reactivating CMV infection correlating with poor CD8+ T cell responses to the virus, and a concomitant upregulation of interferon regulated genes in peripheral blood cells. Several recently diagnosed AAD patients also showed serological signs of ongoing primary CMV infection. Conclusions CMV infection does not appear to be a major environmental risk factor in AAD, but may represent a precipitating factor in individual patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0822-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kine Edvardsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Laboratory Building, 8th floor, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Alexander Hellesen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Laboratory Building, 8th floor, 5021, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Eystein S Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Laboratory Building, 8th floor, 5021, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Eirik Bratland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Laboratory Building, 8th floor, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
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27
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Abstract
A role of genetics in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) development is now firmly established. A total of 16 risk genes have been reported at highly robust ("genome-wide") significance levels, and ongoing efforts suggest that the list will ultimately be considerably longer. Importantly, this genetic risk pool so far accounts for less than 10 % of an estimated overall PSC susceptibility. The relative importance of genetic versus environmental factors (including gene-gene and gene-environment interactions) in remaining aspects of PSC pathogenesis is unknown, and other study designs than genome-wide association studies are needed to explore these aspects. For some of the loci, e.g. HLA and FUT2, distinct interacting environmental factors may exist, and working from the genetic associations may prove one valid path for determining the specific nature of environmental triggers. So far the biological implications for PSC risk genes are typically merely hypothesized based on previously published literature, and there is therefore a strong need for dedicated translational studies to determine their roles within the specific disease context of PSC. Apparently, most risk loci seem to involve in a subset of biological pathways for which genetic associations exist in a multitude of immune-mediated diseases, accounting for both inflammatory bowel disease as well as prototypical autoimmunity. In the present article, we will survey the current knowledge on PSC genetics with a particular emphasis on the pathophysiological insight potentially gained from genetic risk loci involving in this profound immunogenetic pleiotropy.
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28
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Dumitriu IE. The life (and death) of CD4+ CD28(null) T cells in inflammatory diseases. Immunology 2015; 146:185-93. [PMID: 26190355 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to the development and perpetuation of several disorders and T lymphocytes orchestrate the inflammatory immune response. Although the role of T cells in inflammation is widely recognized, specific therapies that tackle inflammatory networks in disease are yet to be developed. CD4(+) CD28(null) T cells are a unique subset of helper T lymphocytes that recently shot back into the limelight as potential catalysts of inflammation in several inflammatory disorders such as autoimmunity, atherosclerosis and chronic viral infections. In contrast to conventional helper T cells, CD4(+) CD28(null) T cells have an inbuilt ability to release inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic molecules that can damage tissues and amplify inflammatory pathways. It comes as no surprise that patients who have high numbers of these cells have more severe disease and poor prognosis. In this review, I provide an overview on the latest advances in the biology of CD4(+) CD28(null) T cells. Understanding the complex functions and dynamics of CD4(+) CD28(null) T cells may open new avenues for therapeutic intervention to prevent progression of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid E Dumitriu
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
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Planas R, Metz I, Ortiz Y, Vilarrasa N, Jelčić I, Salinas-Riester G, Heesen C, Brück W, Martin R, Sospedra M. Central role of Th2/Tc2 lymphocytes in pattern II multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2015; 2:875-93. [PMID: 26401510 PMCID: PMC4574806 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system with marked heterogeneity in several aspects including pathological processes. Based on infiltrating immune cells, deposition of humoral factors and loss of oligodendrocytes and/or myelin proteins, four lesion patterns have been described. Pattern II is characterized by antibody and complement deposition in addition to T-cell infiltration. MS is considered a T-cell-mediated disease, but until now the study of pathogenic T cells has encountered major challenges, most importantly the limited access of brain-infiltrating T cells. Our objective was to identify, isolate, and characterize brain-infiltrating clonally expanded T cells in pattern II MS lesions. METHODS We used next-generation sequencing to identify clonally expanded T cells in demyelinating pattern II brain autopsy lesions, subsequently isolated these as T-cell clones from autologous cerebrospinal fluid and functionally characterized them. RESULTS We identified clonally expanded CD8(+) but also CD4(+) T cells in demyelinating pattern II lesions and for the first time were able to isolate these as live T-cell clones. The functional characterization shows that T cells releasing Th2 cytokines and able to provide B cell help dominate the T-cell infiltrate in pattern II brain lesions. INTERPRETATION Our data provide the first functional evidence for a putative role of Th2/Tc2 cells in pattern II MS supporting the existence of this pathogenic phenotype and questioning the protective role that is generally ascribed to Th2 cells. Our observations are important to consider for future treatments of pattern II MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Planas
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims), Department of Neurology, University ZurichFrauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Imke Metz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
| | - Yaneth Ortiz
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims), Department of Neurology, University ZurichFrauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims), Department of Neurology, University ZurichFrauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ilijas Jelčić
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims), Department of Neurology, University ZurichFrauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Salinas-Riester
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, DNA Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Heesen
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical MS Research (inims), Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfFalkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims), Department of Neurology, University ZurichFrauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mireia Sospedra
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims), Department of Neurology, University ZurichFrauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
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Zal B, Chitalia N, Ng YS, Trieu V, Javed S, Warrington R, Kaski JC, Banerjee D, Baboonian C. Killer cell immunoglobulin receptor profile on CD4(+) CD28(-) T cells and their pathogenic role in non-dialysis-dependent and dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients. Immunology 2015; 145:105-13. [PMID: 25484131 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a progressive increase in cardiovascular disease with declining renal function, unexplained by traditional risk factors. A CD4(+) T-cell subpopulation (CD4(+) CD28(-) ), activated by human heat-shock protein 60 (hHSP 60), expands in patients with acute coronary syndrome and is associated with vascular damage. These cells exhibit cytotoxicity via expression of activating killer cell-immunoglobulin-like receptor KIR2DS2, mainly in the absence of inhibitory KIR2DL3. We investigated expansion of these cells and the pathogenic role of the KIR in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD) and end-stage haemodialysis-dependent renal disease (HD-ESRD) patients. CD4(+) CD28(-) cells were present in 27% of the NDD-CKD and HD-ESRD patients (8-11% and 10-11% of CD4(+) compartment, respectively). CD4(+) CD28(-) cells were phenotyped for KIR and DAP12 expression. Cytotoxicity was assessed by perforin and pro-inflammatory function by interferon-γ expression on CD4(+) CD28(-) clones (NDD-CKD n = 97, HD-ESRD n = 262). Thirty-four per cent of the CD4(+) CD28(-) cells from NDD-CKD expressed KIR2DS2 compared with 56% in HD-ESRD patients (P = 0·03). However, 20% of clones expressed KIR2DL3 in NDD-CKD compared with 7% in HD-ESRD patients (P = 0·004). DAP12 expression in CD28(-) 2DS2(+) clones was more prevalent in HD-ESRD than NDD-CKD (92% versus 60%; P < 0·001). Only 2DS2(+) 2DL3(-) DAP12(+) clones were cytotoxic in response to hHSP 60. CD4(+) CD28(-) cells exhibited increased KIR2DS2, reduced KIR2DL3 and increased DAP12 expression in HD-ESRD compared with NDD-CKD patients. These findings suggest a gradual loss of expression, functionality and protective role of inhibitory KIR2DL3 as well as increased cytotoxic potential of CD4(+) C28(-) cells with progressive renal impairment. Clonal expansion of these T cells may contribute to heightened cardiovascular events in HD-ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Zal
- Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK
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31
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Riedhammer C, Weissert R. Antigen Presentation, Autoantigens, and Immune Regulation in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2015; 6:322. [PMID: 26136751 PMCID: PMC4470263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen presentation is in the center of the immune system, both in host defense against pathogens, but also when the system is unbalanced and autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) develop. It is not just by chance that a major histocompatibility complex gene is the major genetic susceptibility locus in MS; a feature that MS shares with other autoimmune diseases. The exact etiology of the disease, however, has not been fully understood yet. T cells are regarded as the major players in the disease, but most probably a complex interplay of altered central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms, T-cell and B-cell functions, characteristics of putative autoantigens, and a possible interference of environmental factors like microorganisms are at work. In this review, new data on all these different aspects of antigen presentation and their role in MS will be discussed, probable autoantigens will be summarized, and comparisons to other autoimmune diseases will be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Riedhammer
- Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Robert Weissert
- Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
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32
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The expression of molecule CD28 and CD38 on CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T lymphocytes in thymus and spleen elicited by Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice model. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3047-58. [PMID: 26002824 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis caused by human schistosomes such as Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) is considered as an immune-related disease. It was demonstrated that specific cytokine antibodies' response elicited by S. japonicum infection was gradually downregulated with the progress of the disease, resulting in a Th1/Th2 polarization and suppression of immune response. CD28 (cluster of differentiation 28) is one of the proteins expressed on T cells that provide co-stimulatory signals required for T cell activation and survival, and CD38 is an activating marker of T lymphocyte with high expression in many acute or chronic infections. The immune signature of CD28null T cells in the peripheral circulation associates with chronic inflammation in many diseases, such as HIV and CMV infection. In the thymus, CD28 expression on developing thymocytes appears to play a role for their selection, and it synergizes with CD38 to induce apoptosis of DP (double-positive) thymocytes. Few reports about CD28 and CD38 have been published in schistosomiasis. Here, we investigated the dynamic patterns of the expression of molecules CD28 and CD38 on CD4(+)/CD8(+) T lymphocytes of the thymus and spleen in mice model with S. japonicum infection. Our data indicated that at an early period of infection, the frequency of CD8(+)CD28(-) T cell in the spleen decreased significantly, but higher at chronic infection than that in control. However, it demonstrated an increasing trend in the thymus with the progression of infection. The frequency of CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells increased from acute infection in the thymus, while from chronic infection in the spleen. The expression of CD38 on CD8(+) T cells began to increase at 4 weeks post infection both in the thymus and spleen; its elevated expression on CD4(+) T cells emerged at 6 weeks post infection in the thymus and at 10 weeks post infection in the spleen. Praziquantel (PZQ) treatment could partially restore the frequency of CD28(+) T cell of CD4(+) T cells and CD38(+) T cell of CD8(+)/CD4(+) T cells in the spleen and CD38(+) T cell in the thymus. We hypothesized that the reactivation of S. japonicum infection may trigger expansion of CD28(-) T cells and hence mediate systemic inflammation. We speculated that CD8(+)CD28(-) T cell might be involved in immune modulation and CD8(+)CD28(-) T cell may be a crucial part in pathogenesis, which can provide further knowledge of the sophisticated mechanism of immuno-downregulation in schistosomiasis and potential treatment target.
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Fujiwara M, Anstadt EJ, Khanna KM, Clark RB. Cbl-b-deficient mice express alterations in trafficking-related molecules but retain sensitivity to the multiple sclerosis therapeutic agent, FTY720. Clin Immunol 2015; 158:103-13. [PMID: 25829233 PMCID: PMC4420730 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The variable response to therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests a need for personalized approaches based on individual genetic differences. GWAS have linked CBLB gene polymorphisms with MS and recent evidence demonstrated that these polymorphisms can be associated with abnormalities in T cell function and response to interferon-β therapy. Cbl-b is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates T cell activation and Cbl-b-deficient (Cbl-b(-/-)) mice show T cell abnormalities described in MS patients. We now show that Cbl-b(-/-) T cells demonstrate significant lymph node trafficking abnormalities. We thus asked whether the MS-approved drug, FTY720, postulated to trap T cells in lymphoid tissues, is less effective in the context of Cbl-b dysfunction. We now report that FTY720 significantly inhibits EAE in Cbl-b(-/-) mice. Our results newly document a role for Cbl-b in T cell trafficking but suggest nevertheless that MS patients with Cbl-b abnormalities may still be excellent candidates for FTY720 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Fujiwara
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Emily J Anstadt
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Kamal M Khanna
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Robert B Clark
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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Espinosa-Ortega F, Gómez-Martin D, Santana-De Anda K, Romo-Tena J, Villaseñor-Ovies P, Alcocer-Varela J. Quantitative T cell subsets profile in peripheral blood from patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: tilting the balance towards proinflammatory and pro-apoptotic subsets. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:520-8. [PMID: 25348796 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of T cells in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) is not yet clear. Some alterations in certain subsets have been reported in inflamed muscle cells. However, a broad quantitative assessment of peripheral T cell subsets has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to address the quantitative profile of potential pathogenic T cell subsets, namely follicular helper T cells (Tfh), T helper type 17 (Th17), CD28(null) and regulatory T cells (Tregs ) in peripheral blood from IIM patients. Thirty IIM patients and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy donors were included. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated. T cell subsets were evaluated by flow cytometry, as follows: Tfh (CD4(+) CXCR5(+) ) and its subsets Tfh1 (CXCR3(+) CCR6(-) ), Tfh2 (CXCR3(-) CCR6(-) ), Tfh17 (CXCR3(-) CCR6(+) ), Th17 (CD4(+) IL17A(+) ), CD28(null) (CD4(+) CD28(-) CD244(+) ) and Tregs (CD4(+) CD25(high) forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3(+) ); CD8(+) CD25(high) FoxP3(+) ). Percentage, absolute numbers and mean fluorescence intensity were analysed. We found increased numbers of total Tfh cells (28 ± 8.16 versus 6.64 ± 1.29, P=0.031) in IIM patients when compared to healthy controls. Moreover, this increment was dependent upon Tfh2 and Tfh17 (Tfh2:9.49 ± 2.19 versus 1.66 ± 0.46, P=0.005; Tfh17 9.48 ± 2.83 versus 1.18 ± 0.21, P=0.014). Also, IIM patients showed higher numbers of Th17 cells (30.25 ± 6.49 versus 13.46 ± 2.95, P=0.031) as well as decreased number of Tregs (5.98 ± 1.61 versus 30.82 ± 8.38, P=0.009). We also found an expansion of CD28(null) cells (162.88 ± 32.29 versus 64 ± 17.35, P=0.015). Our data suggest that IIM patients are characterized by an expansion of peripheral proinflammatory T cells, such as Tfh and Th17, as well as pro-apoptotic CD28 null cells and a deficiency of suppressor populations of Tregs (CD4(+) and CD8(+) ).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Espinosa-Ortega
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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35
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Rasouli J, Ciric B, Imitola J, Gonnella P, Hwang D, Mahajan K, Mari ER, Safavi F, Leist TP, Zhang GX, Rostami A. Expression of GM-CSF in T Cells Is Increased in Multiple Sclerosis and Suppressed by IFN-β Therapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5085-93. [PMID: 25917097 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the CNS. Studies in animal models of MS have shown that GM-CSF produced by T cells is necessary for the development of autoimmune CNS inflammation. This suggests that GM-CSF may have a pathogenic role in MS as well, and a clinical trial testing its blockade is ongoing. However, there have been few reports on GM-CSF production by T cells in MS. The objective of this study was to characterize GM-CSF production by T cells of MS patients and to determine the effect of IFN-β therapy on its production. GM-CSF production by peripheral blood (PB) T cells and the effects of IFN-β were characterized in samples of untreated and IFN-β-treated MS patients versus healthy subjects. GM-CSF production by T cells in MS brain lesions was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Untreated MS patients had significantly greater numbers of GM-CSF(+)CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in PB compared with healthy controls and IFN-β-treated MS patients. IFN-β significantly suppressed GM-CSF production by T cells in vitro. A number of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in MS brain lesions expressed GM-CSF. Elevated GM-CSF production by PB T cells in MS is indicative of aberrant hyperactivation of the immune system. Given its essential role in animal models, abundant GM-CSF production at the sites of CNS inflammation suggests that GM-CSF contributes to MS pathogenesis. Our findings also reveal a potential mechanism of IFN-β therapy, namely suppression of GM-CSF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Rasouli
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Jaime Imitola
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Patricia Gonnella
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Daniel Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Kedar Mahajan
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Elisabeth R Mari
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Farinaz Safavi
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Thomas P Leist
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Hou TZ, Qureshi OS, Wang CJ, Baker J, Young SP, Walker LSK, Sansom DM. A transendocytosis model of CTLA-4 function predicts its suppressive behavior on regulatory T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2148-59. [PMID: 25632005 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of the CD28/CTLA-4 pathway is at the heart of a number of immunomodulatory approaches used in both autoimmunity and cancer. Although it is clear that CTLA-4 is a critical regulator of T cell responses, the immunological contexts in which CTLA-4 controls immune responses are not well defined. In this study, we show that whereas CD80/CD86-dependent activation of resting human T cells caused extensive T cell proliferation and robust CTLA-4 expression, in this context CTLA-4 blocking Abs had no impact on the response. In contrast, in settings where CTLA-4(+) cells were present as "regulators," inhibition of resting T cell responses was dependent on CTLA-4 expression and specifically related to the number of APC. At low numbers of APC or low levels of ligand, CTLA-4-dependent suppression was highly effective whereas at higher APC numbers or high levels of ligand, inhibition was lost. Accordingly, the degree of suppression correlated with the level of CD86 expression remaining on the APC. These data reveal clear rules for the inhibitory function of CTLA-4 on regulatory T cells, which are predicted by its ability to remove ligands from APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Zheng Hou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Omar S Qureshi
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Chun Jing Wang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jennifer Baker
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Young
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy S K Walker
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - David M Sansom
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
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Abramowski P, Ogrodowczyk C, Martin R, Pongs O. A truncation variant of the cation channel P2RX5 is upregulated during T cell activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104692. [PMID: 25181038 PMCID: PMC4152149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the P2X family of ligand-gated cation channels (P2RX) are expressed by various cell types including neurons, smooth- and cardiac muscle cells, and leukocytes. The channels mediate signalling in response to extracellular ATP. Seven subunit isoforms (P2RX1-P2RX7) have been identified and these can assemble as homo- and heterotrimeric molecules. In humans, P2RX5 exists as a natural deletion mutant lacking amino acids 328–349 of exon 10, which are part of transmembrane (TM) 2 and pre-TM2 regions in other organisms like rat, chicken and zebrafish. We show that P2RX5 gene expression of human T lymphocytes is upregulated during activation. P2RX5 is recruited to the cell surface. P2RX5-siRNA-transfected CD4+ T cells produced twofold more IL-10 than controls. Surface and intracellular P2RX5 expression was upregulated in activated antigen-specific CD4+ T cell clones. These data indicate a functional role of the human P2RX5 splice variant in T cell activation and immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Abramowski
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (inims), ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Ogrodowczyk
- Institute for Neural Signaltransduction, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Martin
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (inims), ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Olaf Pongs
- Institute for Neural Signaltransduction, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Physiology, University Hospital Homburg, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Liaskou E, Jeffery LE, Trivedi PJ, Reynolds GM, Suresh S, Bruns T, Adams DH, Sansom DM, Hirschfield GM. Loss of CD28 expression by liver-infiltrating T cells contributes to pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 2014; 147:221-232.e7. [PMID: 24726754 PMCID: PMC4961260 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS T-cell-mediated biliary injury is a feature of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We studied the roles of CD28(-) T cells in PSC and their regulation by vitamin D. METHODS Peripheral and liver-infiltrating mononuclear cells were isolated from blood or fresh liver tissue. We analyzed numbers, phenotypes, functions, and localization patterns of CD28(-) T cells, along with their ability to activate biliary epithelial cells. We measured levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α in liver tissues from patients with PSC and the effects of exposure to active vitamin D (1,25[OH]2D3) on expression of CD28. RESULTS A significantly greater proportion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that infiltrated liver tissues of patients with PSC were CD28(-), compared with control liver tissue (CD4(+): 30.3% vs 2.5%, P < .0001; and CD8(+): 68.5% vs 31.9%, P < .05). The mean percentage of CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells in liver tissues from patients with PSC was significantly higher than from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (P < .05). CD28(-) T cells were activated CD69(+)CD45RA(-) C-C chemokine receptor (CCR)7(-) effector memory and perforin(+) granzyme B(+) cytotoxic cells, which express CD11a, CX3CR1, C-X3-C motif receptor 6 (CXCR6), and CCR10-consistent with their infiltration of liver and localization around bile ducts. Compared with CD28(+) T cells, activated CD28(-) T cells produced significantly higher levels of interferon γ and TNFα (P < .05), and induced up-regulation of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, HLA-DR, and CD40 by primary epithelial cells (3.6-fold, 1.5-fold, and 1.2-fold, respectively). Liver tissue from patients with PSC contained high levels of TNFα; TNFα down-regulated the expression of CD28 by T cells in vitro (P < .01); this effect was prevented by administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory CD28(-) T cells accumulate in livers of patients with PSC and localize around bile ducts. The TNFα-rich microenvironment of this tissue promotes inflammation; these effects are reversed by vitamin D in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaggelia Liaskou
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Liver Disease
| | - Louisa E. Jeffery
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Palak J. Trivedi
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Liver Disease
| | - Gary M. Reynolds
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Liver Disease
| | - Shankar Suresh
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Liver Disease
| | - Tony Bruns
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Liver Disease,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Disease,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - David H. Adams
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Liver Disease
| | - David M. Sansom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gideon M. Hirschfield
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Liver Disease
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Human cytomegalovirus and autoimmune disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:472978. [PMID: 24967373 PMCID: PMC4022258 DOI: 10.1155/2014/472978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) represents a prototypic pathogenic member of the β-subgroup of the herpesvirus family. A range of HCMV features like its lytic replication in multiple tissues, the lifelong persistence through periods of latency and intermitting reactivation, the extraordinary large proteome, and extensive manipulation of adaptive and innate immunity make HCMV a high profile candidate for involvement in autoimmune disorders. We surveyed the available literature for reports on HCMV association with onset or exacerbation of autoimmune disease. A causative linkage between HCMV and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), diabetes mellitus type 1, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is suggested by the literature. However, a clear association of HCMV seroprevalence and disease could not be established, leaving the question open whether HCMV could play a coresponsible role for onset of disease. For convincing conclusions population-based prospective studies must be performed in the future. Specific immunopathogenic mechanisms by which HCMV could contribute to the course of autoimmune disease have been suggested, for example, molecular mimicry by UL94 in SSc and UL83/pp65 in SLE patients, as well as aggravation of joint inflammation by induction and expansion of CD4+/CD28− T-cells in RA patients. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and to lay the grounds for targeted therapeutic intervention.
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Getts DR, Chastain EML, Terry RL, Miller SD. Virus infection, antiviral immunity, and autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2014; 255:197-209. [PMID: 23947356 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a group of disorders, autoimmunity ranks as the third most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western World. However, the etiology of most autoimmune diseases remains unknown. Although genetic linkage studies support a critical underlying role for genetics, the geographic distribution of these disorders as well as the low concordance rates in monozygotic twins suggest that a combination of other factors including environmental ones are involved. Virus infection is a primary factor that has been implicated in the initiation of autoimmune disease. Infection triggers a robust and usually well-coordinated immune response that is critical for viral clearance. However, in some instances, immune regulatory mechanisms may falter, culminating in the breakdown of self-tolerance, resulting in immune-mediated attack directed against both viral and self-antigens. Traditionally, cross-reactive T-cell recognition, known as molecular mimicry, as well as bystander T-cell activation, culminating in epitope spreading, have been the predominant mechanisms elucidated through which infection may culminate in an T-cell-mediated autoimmune response. However, other hypotheses including virus-induced decoy of the immune system also warrant discussion in regard to their potential for triggering autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which virus infection and antiviral immunity contribute to the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Getts
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Turner JE, Campbell JP, Edwards KM, Howarth LJ, Pawelec G, Aldred S, Moss P, Drayson MT, Burns VE, Bosch JA. Rudimentary signs of immunosenescence in Cytomegalovirus-seropositive healthy young adults. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:287-297. [PMID: 23846127 PMCID: PMC3889879 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with a decline in immune competence termed immunosenescence. In the elderly, this process results in an accumulation of differentiated 'effector' phenotype memory T cells, predominantly driven by Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Here, we asked whether CMV also drives immunity towards a senescent profile in healthy young adults. One hundred and fifty-eight individuals (mean ± SD; age 21 ± 3 years, body mass index 22.7 ± 2.7 kg m(2)) were assessed for CMV serostatus, the numbers/proportions of CD4(+) and CD8(+) late differentiated/effector memory cells (i.e. CD27(-)CD28(-)/CD45RA(+)), plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and antibody responses to an in vivo antigen challenge (half-dose influenza vaccine). Thirty percent (48/158) of participants were CMV(+). A higher lymphocyte and CD8(+) count (both p < 0.01) and a lower CD4/CD8 ratio (p < 0.03) were observed in CMV(+) people. Eight percent (4/58) of CMV(+) individuals exhibited a CD4/CD8 ratio <1.0, whereas no CMV(-) donor showed an inverted ratio (p < 0.001). The numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+)CD27(-)CD28(-)/CD45RA(+) cells were ~ fourfold higher in CMV(+) people (p < 0.001). Plasma IL-6 was higher in CMV(+) donors (p < 0.05) and showed a positive association with the numbers of CD8(+)CD28(-) cells (p < 0.03). Finally, there was a significant negative correlation between vaccine-induced antibody responses to the A/Brisbane influenza strain and CMV-specific immunoglobulin G titres (p < 0.05). This reduced vaccination response was associated with greater numbers of total CD8(+) and CD4(+) and CD8(+)CD27(-)CD28(-)/CD45RA(+) cells (p < 0.05). This study observed marked changes in the immune profile of young adults infected with CMV, suggesting that this virus may underlie rudimentary aspects of immunosenescence even in a chronologically young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Turner
- />School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- />School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- />Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - John P. Campbell
- />School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- />School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kate M. Edwards
- />Exercise Health and Performance Research Group, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW UK
| | - Lauren J. Howarth
- />School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Graham Pawelec
- />Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Aldred
- />School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- />School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Mark T. Drayson
- />School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Victoria E. Burns
- />School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jos A. Bosch
- />Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine (MIPH), Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- />School of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Immunosenescence, aging, and systemic lupus erythematous. Autoimmune Dis 2013; 2013:267078. [PMID: 24260712 PMCID: PMC3821895 DOI: 10.1155/2013/267078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a normal biological process that occurs in all organisms and involves a decline in cell functions. This process is caused by molecular regulatory machinery alterations, and it is closely related to telomere erosion in chromosomes. In the context of the immune system, this phenomenon is known as immunosenescence and refers to the immune function deregulation. Therefore, functions of several cells involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses are severely compromised with age progression (e.g., changes in lymphocyte subsets, decreased proliferative responses, chronic inflammatory states, etc.). These alterations make elderly individuals prone to not only infectious diseases but also to malignancy and autoimmunity.
This review will explore the molecular aspects of processes related to cell aging, their importance in the context of the immune system, and their participation in elderly SLE patients.
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Alterations in both the activatory and inhibitory potential of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients correlate with disease progression. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 20:235-43. [PMID: 24019115 PMCID: PMC3973952 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The chronic nature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suggests immune dysfunction, including persistent systemic activation. Therefore, we evaluated the activatory and inhibitory potential as well as proliferative activity of peripheral blood (PB) CD4+ T cells from RA patients in different stages of the disease and after different therapeutic interventions. We found that CD4+ T cells from RA patients were activated in vivo concerning decreased CD28 expression and increase of CD40L, CD69, and CTLA-4 expression; however, the extent of stimulation was suboptimal when compared to healthy controls. Consequently, impaired proliferative activities of these cells were found in all patients irrespective of the active disease duration. Treatment with methotrexate (MTX) and/or inhibitors of TNF-alpha (iTNF) did not significantly influence systemic activation in RA patients, which corresponded with the maintenance of inflammation markers; however, partial restoration of CD28 and CTLA-4 expression as well as clinical improvement were observed. In patients with early disease (the MTX group), we noted higher capacity of CD4+ T cells for restoration of T cell function, whereas cells from the iTNF group with progressive disease remained with a proliferative defect after the treatment. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the dysregulated expression of molecules interfering with CD4+ T cell signaling may result in functional impairment of the effector T cells and correlates with disease progression.
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Chain JL, Martin AK, Mack DG, Maier LA, Palmer BE, Fontenot AP. Impaired function of CTLA-4 in the lungs of patients with chronic beryllium disease contributes to persistent inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1648-56. [PMID: 23851684 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is an occupational lung disorder characterized by granulomatous inflammation and the accumulation of beryllium-responsive CD4(+) T cells in the lung. These differentiated effector memory T cells secrete IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α upon in vitro activation. Beryllium-responsive CD4(+) T cells in the lung are CD28 independent and have increased expression of the coinhibitory receptor, programmed death 1, resulting in Ag-specific T cells that proliferate poorly yet retain the ability to express Th1-type cytokines. To further investigate the role of coinhibitory receptors in the beryllium-induced immune response, we examined the expression of CTLA-4 in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage cells from subjects with CBD. CTLA-4 expression was elevated on CD4(+) T cells from the lungs of study subjects compared with blood. Furthermore, CTLA-4 expression was greatest in the beryllium-responsive subset of CD4(+) T cells that retained the ability to proliferate and express IL-2. Functional assays show that the induction of CTLA-4 signaling in blood cells inhibited beryllium-induced T cell proliferation while having no effect on the proliferative capacity of beryllium-responsive CD4(+) T cells in the lung. Collectively, our findings suggest a dysfunctional CTLA-4 pathway in the lung and its potential contribution to the persistent inflammatory response that characterizes CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Chain
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Cobbold SP, Waldmann H. Regulatory cells and transplantation tolerance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 3:3/6/a015545. [PMID: 23732858 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation tolerance is a continuing therapeutic goal, and it is now clear that a subpopulation of T cells with regulatory activity (Treg) that express the transcription factor foxp3 are crucial to this aspiration. Although reprogramming of the immune system to donor-specific transplantation tolerance can be readily achieved in adult mouse models, it has yet to be successfully translated in human clinical practice. This requires that we understand the fundamental mechanisms by which donor antigen-specific Treg are induced and function to maintain tolerance, so that we can target therapies to enhance rather than impede these regulatory processes. Our current understanding is that Treg act via numerous molecular mechanisms, and critical underlying components such as mTOR inhibition, are only now emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Cobbold
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Although strong genetic determinants of multiple sclerosis (MS) exist, the findings of migration studies support a role for environmental factors in this disease. Through rigorous epidemiological investigation, Epstein-Barr virus infection, vitamin D nutrition and cigarette smoking have been identified as likely causal factors in MS. In this Review, the strength of this evidence is discussed, as well as the potential biological mechanisms underlying the associations between MS and environmental, lifestyle and dietary factors. Both vitamin D nutrition and cigarette smoking are modifiable; as such, increasing vitamin D levels and smoking avoidance have the potential to substantially reduce MS risk and influence disease progression. Improving our understanding of the environmental factors involved in MS will lead to new and more-effective approaches to prevent this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ascherio
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Yang XF, Yang Y, Lian YT, Wang ZH, Li XW, Cheng LX, Liu JP, Wang YF, Gao X, Liao YH, Wang M, Zeng QT, Liu K. The antibody targeting the E314 peptide of human Kv1.3 pore region serves as a novel, potent and specific channel blocker. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36379. [PMID: 22558454 PMCID: PMC3338681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective blockade of Kv1.3 channels in effector memory T (T(EM)) cells was validated to ameliorate autoimmune or autoimmune-associated diseases. We generated the antibody directed against one peptide of human Kv1.3 (hKv1.3) extracellular loop as a novel and possible Kv1.3 blocker. One peptide of hKv1.3 extracellular loop E3 containing 14 amino acids (E314) was chosen as an antigenic determinant to generate the E314 antibody. The E314 antibody specifically recognized 63.8KD protein stably expressed in hKv1.3-HEK 293 cell lines, whereas it did not recognize or cross-react to human Kv1.1(hKv1.1), Kv1.2(hKv1.2), Kv1.4(hKv1.4), Kv1.5(hKv1.5), KCa3.1(hKCa3.1), HERG, hKCNQ1/hKCNE1, Nav1.5 and Cav1.2 proteins stably expressed in HEK 293 cell lines or in human atrial or ventricular myocytes by Western blotting analysis and immunostaining detection. By the technique of whole-cell patch clamp, the E314 antibody was shown to have a directly inhibitory effect on hKv1.3 currents expressed in HEK 293 or Jurkat T cells and the inhibition showed a concentration-dependence. However, it exerted no significant difference on hKv1.1, hKv1.2, hKv1.4, hKv1.5, hKCa3.1, HERG, hKCNQ1/hKCNE1, L-type Ca(2+) or voltage-gated Na(+) currents. The present study demonstrates that the antibody targeting the E314 peptide of hKv1.3 pore region could be a novel, potent and specific hKv1.3 blocker without affecting a variety of closely related K(v)1 channels, KCa3.1 channels and functional cardiac ion channels underlying central nervous system (CNS) disorders or drug-acquired arrhythmias, which is required as a safe clinic-promising channel blocker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Tian Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Long-Xian Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Ping Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Fu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical College, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Hua Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Tang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Apoptotic effects of antilymphocyte globulins on human pro-inflammatory CD4+CD28- T-cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33939. [PMID: 22479483 PMCID: PMC3316508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pro-inflammatory, cytotoxic CD4+CD28− T-cells with known defects in apoptosis have been investigated as markers of premature immuno-senescence in various immune-mediated diseases. In this study we evaluated the influence of polyclonal antilymphocyte globulins (ATG-Fresenius, ATG-F) on CD4+CD28− T-cells in vivo and in vitro. Principal Findings Surface and intracellular three colour fluorescence activated cell sorting analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 16 consecutive transplant recipients and short-term cell lines were performed. In vivo, peripheral levels of CD3+CD4+CD28− T-cells decreased from 3.7±7.1% before to 0±0% six hours after ATG-F application (P = 0.043) in 5 ATG-F treated but not in 11 control patients (2.9±2.9% vs. 3.9±3.0%). In vitro, ATG-F induced apoptosis even in CD4+CD28− T-cells, which was 4.3-times higher than in CD4+CD28+ T-cells. ATG-F evoked apoptosis was partially reversed by the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz)-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone (zVAD-fmk) and prednisolon-21-hydrogensuccinate. ATG-F triggered CD25 expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and induced down-regulation of the type 1 chemokine receptors CXCR-3, CCR-5, CX3CR-1 and the central memory adhesion molecule CD62L predominately in CD4+CD28− T-cells. Conclusion In summary, in vivo depletion of peripheral CD3+CD4+CD28− T-cells by ATG-F in transplant recipients was paralleled in vitro by ATG-F induced apoptosis. CD25 expression and chemokine receptor down-regulation in CD4+CD28− T-cells only partly explain the underlying mechanism.
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Hohensinner PJ, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Telomere dysfunction, autoimmunity and aging. Aging Dis 2011; 2:524-537. [PMID: 22396899 PMCID: PMC3295061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune aging is associated with loss of critical immune functions, such as host protection from infection and malignancy. Unexpectedly, immunosenescence also renders the host susceptible to inflammation, which may translate into tissue-damaging disease as the senescent immune system loses its ability to maximize inflammatory protection while minimizing inflammatory injury. On the other hand, chronic inflammation associated with immune-mediated disease represents a profound stress factor for the immune system, affecting cellular turn-over, replication and exhaustion. Immune cell longevity is tightly connected to the functional integrity of telomeres which are regulated by cell multiplication, exposure to oxidative stress and DNA repair mechanisms. Lymphocytes are amongst the few cell types that can actively elongate telomeres through the action of telomerase. In patients with the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA), telomerase deficiency is associated with prematurity of immune aging. Patients with RA have other defects in DNA repair mechanisms, including the kinase Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), critically involved in the repair of DNA double strand breaks. ATM deficiency in RA shortens lymphocyte survival. Dynamics of telomeric length and structure are beginning to be understood and have distinct patterns in different autoimmune diseases, suggesting a multitude of molecular mechanisms defining the interface between chronic immune stimulation and progressive aging of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cornelia M. Weyand
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Cornelia M. Weyand, M.D., Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA. Email
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Yadav AK, Lal A, Jha V. Association of circulating fractalkine (CX3CL1) and CX3CR1(+)CD4(+) T cells with common carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 18:958-65. [PMID: 21873805 DOI: 10.5551/jat.8722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Fractalkine (CX3CL1), a chemokine, and its receptor CX3CR1 (expressed on T lymphocytes), have been shown to be abnormal in atherosclerosis. We investigated whether CX3CL1 levels and CX3CR1 expression were altered in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their association with common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT). METHODS CX3CR1 expression on CD4(+) T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry in 62 healthy controls (HC) and 128 Stage III-V CKD subjects. Fractalkine and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were analyzed by ELISA. CCA-IMT was measured by ultrasound. RESULTS Compared to HC, CKD patients exhibited a 2.5-fold increase in the CD4(+)CX3CR1(+) T cell population (14.8±0.6 vs 5.9±0.34%, p < 0.0001). The expression of CX3CR1 was largely restricted to those CD4(+) cells that lacked CD28 co-stimulatory molecule. Fractalkine (pg/mL) and hsCRP (µg/mL) levels were increased in CKD subjects (510.6±61.6 vs. 239.7±9.67, p =0.003, and 93.8± 5.3 vs. 48.4±6.8, p < 0.0001), as was the CCA-IMT (0.71±0.01 vs. 0.56±0.01 mm, p < 0.0001). There was a significant relationship between CD4(+)CX3CR1(+) T cells and fractalkine levels (r = 0.2, p =0.01). CCA-IMT correlated positively with CX3CR1(+) T cells (r =0.34, p < 0.0001), CD4(+) CX3CR1(+) T cells (r =0.39, p < 0.0001), CD4(+)CD28(null)CX3CR1(+) T cells (r =0.23, p =0.02), fractalkine (r =0.3, p =0.001), age (r =0.33, p < 0.0001) and diabetes (p =0.01). On multiple regression, only CD4(+)CX3CR1(+) T cells and the presence of diabetes continued to show an association with IMT (p < 0.0001 and 0.0029 respectively). CONCLUSIONS CKD subjects showed an increase in CD4(+)CX3CR1(+) T cell population, plasma fractalkine and IMT; the association of CD4(+)CX3CR1(+) T cells and plasma fractalkine with CCA-IMT indicates that the fractalkine-CX3CR1 pathway may be important in the development and/or progression of atherosclerosis in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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