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Raulien N, Friedrich K, Strobel S, Raps S, Hecker F, Pierer M, Schilling E, Lainka E, Kallinich T, Baumann S, Fritz-Wallace K, Rolle-Kampczyk U, von Bergen M, Aigner A, Ewe A, Schett G, Cross M, Rossol M, Wagner U. Glucose-oxygen deprivation constrains HMGCR function and Rac1 prenylation and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocytes. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadd8913. [PMID: 39012939 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add8913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia and low glucose abundance often occur simultaneously at sites of inflammation. In monocytes and macrophages, glucose-oxygen deprivation stimulates the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome to generate the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. We found that concomitant glucose deprivation and hypoxia activated the NLRP3 inflammasome by constraining the function of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate kinase pathway. HMGCR is involved in the synthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), which is required for the prenylation and lipid membrane integration of proteins. Under glucose-oxygen deprivation, GGPP synthesis was decreased, leading to reduced prenylation of the small GTPase Rac1, increased binding of nonprenylated Rac1 to the scaffolding protein IQGAP1, and enhanced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In response to restricted oxygen and glucose supply, patient monocytes with a compromised mevalonate pathway due to mevalonate kinase deficiency or Muckle-Wells syndrome released more IL-1β than did control monocytes. Thus, reduced GGPP synthesis due to inhibition of HMGCR under glucose-oxygen deprivation results in proinflammatory innate responses, which are normally kept in check by the prenylation of Rac1. We suggest that this mechanism is also active in inflammatory autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Raulien
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathleen Friedrich
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Strobel
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Raps
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Friederike Hecker
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Pierer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erik Schilling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elke Lainka
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tilmann Kallinich
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Baumann
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katarina Fritz-Wallace
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Cross
- Leipzig Medical Center, Clinic for Hematology and Cell Therapy, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuela Rossol
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Brandenburg Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Ulf Wagner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Huang X, Yang X, Xiang L, Chen Y. Serine metabolism in macrophage polarization. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:83-98. [PMID: 38070057 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging studies have revealed that macrophages possess different dependences on the uptake, synthesis, and metabolism of serine for their activation and functionalization, necessitating our insight into how serine availability and utilization impact macrophage activation and inflammatory responses. METHODS This article summarizes the reports published domestically and internationally about the serine uptake, synthesis, and metabolic flux by the macrophages polarizing with distinct stimuli and under different pathologic conditions, and particularly analyzes how altered serine metabolism rewires the metabolic behaviors of polarizing macrophages and their genetic and epigenetic reprogramming. RESULTS Macrophages dynamically change serine metabolism to orchestrate their anabolism, redox balance, mitochondrial function, epigenetics, and post-translation modification, and thus match the distinct needs for both classical and alternative activation. CONCLUSION Serine metabolism coordinates multiple metabolic pathways to tailor macrophage polarization and their responses to different pathogenic attacks and thus holds the potential as therapeutic target for types of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, China.
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Larson-Casey JL, Saleem K, Surolia R, Pandey J, Mack M, Antony VB, Bodduluri S, Bhatt SP, Duncan SR, Carter AB. Myeloid Heterogeneity Mediates Acute Exacerbations of Pulmonary Fibrosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1714-1724. [PMID: 37782053 PMCID: PMC10843506 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that exposure to particulate matter is linked to the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and increases the incidence of acute exacerbations of IPF. In addition to accelerating the rate of lung function decline, exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm [PM2.5]) is a risk factor for increased mortality in subjects with IPF. In this article, we show that exposure to PM2.5 mediates monocyte recruitment and fibrotic progression in mice with established fibrosis. In mice with established fibrosis, bronchoalveolar lavage cells showed monocyte/macrophage heterogeneity after exposure to PM2.5. These cells had a significant inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signature. The mixed heterogeneity of cells contributed to the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory response. Although monocyte-derived macrophages were recruited to the lung in bleomycin-injured mice treated with PM2.5, recruitment of monocytes expressing Ly6Chi to the lung promoted progression of fibrosis, reduced lung aeration on computed tomography, and impacted lung compliance. Ly6Chi monocytes isolated from PM2.5-exposed fibrotic mice showed enhanced expression of proinflammatory markers compared with fibrotic mice exposed to vehicle. Moreover, IPF bronchoalveolar lavage cells treated ex vivo with PM2.5 showed an exaggerated inflammatory response. Targeting Ly6Chi monocyte recruitment inhibited fibrotic progression in mice. Moreover, the adoptive transfer of Ly6Chi monocytes exacerbated established fibrosis. These observations suggest that enhanced recruitment of Ly6Chi monocytes with a proinflammatory phenotype mediates acute exacerbations of pulmonary fibrosis, and targeting these cells may provide a potential novel therapeutic target to protect against acute exacerbations of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Larson-Casey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Komal Saleem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ranu Surolia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jyotsana Pandey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Veena B. Antony
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sandeep Bodduluri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- UAB Lung Imaging Lab, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Surya P. Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- UAB Lung Imaging Lab, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven R. Duncan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A. Brent Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham. AL, USA
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Pokhreal D, Crestani B, Helou DG. Macrophage Implication in IPF: Updates on Immune, Epigenetic, and Metabolic Pathways. Cells 2023; 12:2193. [PMID: 37681924 PMCID: PMC10486697 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology with a poor prognosis. It is a chronic and progressive disease that has a distinct radiological and pathological pattern from common interstitial pneumonia. The use of immunosuppressive medication was shown to be completely ineffective in clinical trials, resulting in years of neglect of the immune component. However, recent developments in fundamental and translational science demonstrate that immune cells play a significant regulatory role in IPF, and macrophages appear to be among the most crucial. These highly plastic cells generate multiple growth factors and mediators that highly affect the initiation and progression of IPF. In this review, we will provide an update on the role of macrophages in IPF through a systemic discussion of various regulatory mechanisms involving immune receptors, cytokines, metabolism, and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Pokhreal
- Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Inserm U1152, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Inserm U1152, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
- FHU APOLLO, Service de Pneumologie A, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 75877 Paris, France
| | - Doumet Georges Helou
- Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Inserm U1152, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
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Liu J, Wang J, Xiong A, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xiong Y, Li G, He X. Mitochondrial quality control in lung diseases: current research and future directions. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1236651. [PMID: 37538379 PMCID: PMC10395103 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1236651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases are a major global health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. Recent research has highlighted the critical role that mitochondrial quality control plays in respiratory-related diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this review, we summarize recent findings on the involvement of mitochondrial quality control in these diseases and discuss potential therapeutic strategies. Mitochondria are essential organelles for energy production and other cellular processes, and their dysfunction is associated with various diseases. The quality control of mitochondria involves a complex system of pathways, including mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion/fission dynamics, and regulation of gene expression. In COPD and lung cancer, mitochondrial quality control is often involved in disease development by influencing oxidative stress and apoptosis. In IPF, it appears to be involved in the disease process by participating in the cellular senescence process. Mitochondrial quality control is a promising target for therapeutic interventions in lung diseases. However, there are conflicting reports on different pathological processes, such as the role of mitochondrial autophagy in lung cancer, which pose difficulties in the study of targeted mitochondrial quality control drugs. Additionally, there seems to be a delicate balance between the mitochondrial quality control processes in the physiological state. Emerging evidence suggests that molecules such as PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PRKN), dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α), as well as the signaling pathways they affect, play an important role in respiratory-related diseases. Targeting these molecules and pathways could contribute to the development of effective treatments for lung diseases. In conclusion, the involvement of mitochondrial quality control in lung diseases presents a promising new avenue for disease treatment. Further research is needed to better understand the complex mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases and to develop targeted therapies that could improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliu Liu
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anying Xiong
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Friendship Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang He
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Larson-Casey JL, Liu S, Pyles JM, Lapi SE, Saleem K, Antony VB, Gonzalez ML, Crossman DK, Carter AB. Impaired PPARγ activation by cadmium exacerbates infection-induced lung injury. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166608. [PMID: 36928191 PMCID: PMC10243824 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data indicate an association between environmental heavy metal exposure and lung disease, including lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Here, we show by single-cell RNA sequencing an increase in Pparg gene expression in lung macrophages from mice exposed to cadmium and/or infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, the heavy metal cadmium or infection mediated an inhibitory posttranslational modification of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) to exacerbate LRTIs. Cadmium and infection increased ERK activation to regulate PPARγ degradation in monocyte-derived macrophages. Mice harboring a conditional deletion of Pparg in monocyte-derived macrophages had more severe S. pneumoniae infection after cadmium exposure, showed greater lung injury, and had increased mortality. Inhibition of ERK activation with BVD-523 protected mice from lung injury after cadmium exposure or infection. Moreover, individuals residing in areas of high air cadmium levels had increased cadmium concentration in their bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, increased barrier dysfunction, and showed PPARγ inhibition that was mediated, at least in part, by ERK activation in isolated BAL cells. These observations suggest that impaired activation of PPARγ in monocyte-derived macrophages exacerbates lung injury and the severity of LRTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Komal Saleem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Veena B. Antony
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - A. Brent Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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7
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Pandey J, Larson-Casey JL, Patil MH, Joshi R, Jiang CS, Zhou Y, He C, Carter AB. NOX4-TIM23 interaction regulates NOX4 mitochondrial import and metabolic reprogramming. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104695. [PMID: 37044213 PMCID: PMC10193017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease characterized by macrophage activation. Asbestos-induced expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase 4 (NOX4) in lung macrophages mediates fibrotic progression by the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), modulating mitochondrial biogenesis, and promoting apoptosis resistance; however, the mechanism(s) by which NOX4 localizes to mitochondria during fibrosis is not known. Here, we show that NOX4 localized to the mitochondrial matrix following asbestos exposure in lung macrophages via direct interaction with TIM23. TIM23 and NOX4 interaction was found in lung macrophages from human subjects with asbestosis, while it was absent in mice harboring a conditional deletion of NOX4 in lung macrophages. This interaction was localized to the proximal transmembrane region of NOX4. Mechanistically, TIM23 augmented NOX4-induced mitochondrial ROS and metabolic reprogramming to oxidative phosphorylation. Silencing TIM23 decreased mitochondrial ROS and oxidative phosphorylation. These observations highlight the important role of the mitochondrial translocase TIM23 interaction with NOX4. Moreover, this interaction is required for mitochondrial redox signaling and metabolic reprogramming in lung macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Pandey
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer L Larson-Casey
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mallikarjun H Patil
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rutwij Joshi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chun-Sun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chao He
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - A Brent Carter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Medicine, Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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8
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Tanner L, Bergwik J, Single AB, Bhongir RKV, Erjefält JS, Egesten A. Zoledronic Acid Targeting of the Mevalonate Pathway Causes Reduced Cell Recruitment and Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:899469. [PMID: 35721132 PMCID: PMC9201219 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.899469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease causing irreparable scarring of lung tissue, with most patients succumbing rapidly after diagnosis. The mevalonate pathway, which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and motility, is targeted by the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA). The aim of this study was to assess the antifibrotic effects of ZA and to elucidate the mechanisms by which potential IPF treatment occurs. Methods: A series of in vitro and in vivo models were employed to identify the therapeutic potential of ZA in treating IPF. In vitro transwell assays were used to assess the ability of ZA to reduce fibrotic-related immune cell recruitment. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) was screened as a potential antifibrotic target using a bleomycin mouse model. FDPS-targeting siRNA and ZA were administered to mice following the onset of experimentally-induced lung fibrosis. Downstream analyses were conducted on murine lung tissues and lung fluids including 23-plex cytokine array, flow cytometry, histology, Western blotting, immunofluorescent staining, and PCR analysis. Results:In vitro administration of ZA reduced myofibroblast transition and blocked NF-κB signaling in macrophages leading to impaired immune cell recruitment in a transwell assay. FDPS-targeting siRNA administration significantly attenuated profibrotic cytokine production and lung damage in a murine lung fibrosis model. Furthermore, ZA treatment of mice with bleomycin-induced lung damage displayed decreased cytokine levels in the BALF, plasma, and lung tissue, resulting in less histologically visible fibrotic scarring. Bleomycin-induced upregulation of the ZA target, FDPS, was reduced in lung tissue and fibroblasts upon ZA treatment. Confirmatory increases in FDPS immunoreactivity was seen in human IPF resected lung samples compared to control tissue indicating potential translational value of the approach. Additionally, ZA polarized macrophages towards a less profibrotic phenotype contributing to decreased IPF pathogenesis. Conclusion: This study highlights ZA as an expedient and efficacious treatment option against IPF in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Tanner
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jesper Bergwik
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrew B Single
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ravi K V Bhongir
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas S Erjefält
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arne Egesten
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Kou L, Kou P, Luo G, Wei S. Progress of Statin Therapy in the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6197219. [PMID: 35345828 PMCID: PMC8957418 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6197219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a type of interstitial lung disease (ILD) characterized by the proliferation of fibroblasts and aberrant accumulation of extracellular matrix. These changes are accompanied by structural destruction of the lung tissue and the progressive decline of pulmonary function. In the past few decades, researchers have investigated the pathogenesis of IPF and sought a therapeutic approach for its treatment. Some studies have shown that the occurrence of IPF is related to pulmonary inflammatory injury; however, its specific etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown, and no effective treatment, with the exception of lung transplantation, has been identified yet. Several basic science and clinical studies in recent years have shown that statins, the traditional lipid-lowering drugs, exert significant antifibrotic effects, which can delay the progression of IPF and impairment of pulmonary function. This article is aimed at summarizing the current understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF, the progress of research on the use of statins in IPF models and clinical trials, and its main molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiya Kou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Pei Kou
- Department of Medical Record, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guangwei Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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10
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Ebetino FH, Sun S, Cherian P, Roshandel S, Neighbors JD, Hu E, Dunford JE, Sedghizadeh PP, McKenna CE, Srinivasan V, Boeckman RK, Russell RGG. Bisphosphonates: The role of chemistry in understanding their biological actions and structure-activity relationships, and new directions for their therapeutic use. Bone 2022; 156:116289. [PMID: 34896359 PMCID: PMC11023620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bisphosphonates ((HO)2P(O)CR1R2P(O)(OH)2, BPs) were first shown to inhibit bone resorption in the 1960s, but it was not until 30 years later that a detailed molecular understanding of the relationship between their varied chemical structures and biological activity was elucidated. In the 1990s and 2000s, several potent bisphosphonates containing nitrogen in their R2 side chains (N-BPs) were approved for clinical use including alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and zoledronate. These are now mostly generic drugs and remain the leading therapies for several major bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis and skeletal-related events associated with bone metastases. The early development of chemistry in this area was largely empirical and only a few common structural features related to strong binding to calcium phosphate were clear. Attempts to further develop structure-activity relationships to explain more dramatic pharmacological differences in vivo at first appeared inconclusive, and evidence for mechanisms underlying cellular effects on osteoclasts and macrophages only emerged after many years of research. The breakthrough came when the intracellular actions on the osteoclast were first shown for the simpler bisphosphonates, via the in vivo formation of P-C-P derivatives of ATP. The synthesis and biological evaluation of a large number of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates in the 1980s and 1990s led to the key discovery that the antiresorptive effects of these more complex analogs on osteoclasts result mostly from their potency as inhibitors of the enzyme farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS/FPPS). This key branch-point enzyme in the mevalonate pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis is important for the generation of isoprenoid lipids that are utilized for the post-translational modification of small GTP-binding proteins essential for osteoclast function. Since then, it has become even more clear that the overall pharmacological effects of individual bisphosphonates on bone depend upon two key properties: the affinity for bone mineral and inhibitory effects on biochemical targets within bone cells, in particular FDPS. Detailed enzyme-ligand crystal structure analysis began in the early 2000s and advances in our understanding of the structure-activity relationships, based on interactions with this target within the mevalonate pathway and related enzymes in osteoclasts and other cells have continued to be the focus of research efforts to this day. In addition, while many members of the bisphosphonate drug class share common properties, now it is more clear that chemical modifications to create variations in these properties may allow customization of BPs for different uses. Thus, as the appreciation for new potential opportunities with this drug class grows, new chemistry to allow ready access to an ever-widening variety of bisphosphonates continues to be developed. Potential new uses of the calcium phosphate binding mechanism of bisphosphonates for the targeting of other drugs to the skeleton, and effects discovered on other cellular targets, even at non-skeletal sites, continue to intrigue scientists in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H Ebetino
- BioVinc LLC, 2265 E. Foothill Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14617, USA; Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Shuting Sun
- BioVinc LLC, 2265 E. Foothill Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA.
| | - Philip Cherian
- BioVinc LLC, 2265 E. Foothill Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Hu
- BioVinc LLC, 2265 E. Foothill Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | - James E Dunford
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Parish P Sedghizadeh
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Charles E McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Venkat Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14617, USA
| | - Robert K Boeckman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14617, USA
| | - R Graham G Russell
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK; Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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11
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Gu L, Surolia R, Larson-Casey JL, He C, Davis D, Kang J, Antony VB, Carter AB. Targeting Cpt1a-Bcl-2 interaction modulates apoptosis resistance and fibrotic remodeling. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:118-132. [PMID: 34413485 PMCID: PMC8738732 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) regulates metabolic reprogramming in lung macrophages and the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrosis progression is associated with apoptosis resistance in lung macrophages; however, the mechanism(s) by which apoptosis resistance occurs is poorly understood. Here, we found a marked increase in mitochondrial B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in lung macrophages from subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Similar findings were seen in bleomycin-injured wild-type (WT) mice, whereas Bcl-2 was markedly decreased in mice expressing a dominant-negative mitochondrial calcium uniporter (DN-MCU). Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (Cpt1a), the rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acid β-oxidation, directly interacted with Bcl-2 by binding to its BH3 domain, which anchored Bcl-2 in the mitochondria to attenuate apoptosis. This interaction was dependent on Cpt1a activity. Lung macrophages from IPF subjects had a direct correlation between CPT1A and Bcl-2, whereas the absence of binding induced apoptosis. The deletion of Bcl-2 in macrophages protected mice from developing pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, mice had resolution when Bcl-2 was deleted or was inhibited with ABT-199 after fibrosis was established. These observations implicate an interplay between macrophage fatty acid β-oxidation, apoptosis resistance, and dysregulated fibrotic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Gu
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Ranu Surolia
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Jennifer L. Larson-Casey
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Chao He
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Dana Davis
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Jungsoon Kang
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Veena B. Antony
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - A. Brent Carter
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.280808.a0000 0004 0419 1326Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, AL USA
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12
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Larson-Casey JL, Gu L, Davis D, Cai GQ, Ding Q, He C, Carter AB. Post-translational regulation of PGC-1α modulates fibrotic repair. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21675. [PMID: 34038004 PMCID: PMC8252570 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100339r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease associated with mitochondrial oxidative stress. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) are important for cell homeostasis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. Here, we show that IPF BAL cells exhibited increased mitochondrial biogenesis that is, in part, due to increased nuclear expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-ɣ (PPARɣ) coactivator (PGC)-1α. Increased PPARGC1A mRNA expression directly correlated with reduced pulmonary function in IPF subjects. Oxidant-mediated activation of the p38 MAPK via Akt1 regulated PGC-1α activation to increase mitochondrial biogenesis in monocyte-derived macrophages. Demonstrating the importance of PGC-1α in fibrotic repair, mice harboring a conditional deletion of Ppargc1a in monocyte-derived macrophages or mice administered a chemical inhibitor of mitochondrial division had reduced biogenesis and increased apoptosis, and the mice were protected from pulmonary fibrosis. These observations suggest that Akt1-mediated regulation of PGC-1α maintains mitochondrial homeostasis in monocyte-derived macrophages to induce apoptosis resistance, which contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Larson-Casey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Linlin Gu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dana Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chao He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A Brent Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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13
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Larson-Casey JL, Gu L, Kang J, Dhyani A, Carter AB. NOX4 regulates macrophage apoptosis resistance to induce fibrotic progression. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100810. [PMID: 34023385 PMCID: PMC8214193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease often occurring secondary to environmental exposure. Asbestos exposure is an important environmental mediator of lung fibrosis and remains a significant cause of disease despite strict regulations to limit exposure. Lung macrophages play an integral role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis induced by asbestos (asbestosis), in part by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoting resistance to apoptosis. However, the mechanism by which macrophages acquire apoptosis resistance is not known. Here, we confirm that macrophages isolated from asbestosis subjects are resistant to apoptosis and show they are associated with enhanced mitochondrial content of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), which generates mitochondrial ROS generation. Similar results were seen in chrysotile-exposed WT mice, while macrophages from Nox4-/- mice showed increased apoptosis. NOX4 regulated apoptosis resistance by activating Akt1-mediated Bcl-2-associated death phosphorylation. Demonstrating the importance of NOX4-mediated apoptosis resistance in fibrotic remodeling, mice harboring a conditional deletion of Nox4 in monocyte-derived macrophages exhibited increased apoptosis and were protected from pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, resolution occurred when Nox4 was deleted in monocyte-derived macrophages in mice with established fibrosis. These observations suggest that NOX4 regulates apoptosis resistance in monocyte-derived macrophages and contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Targeting NOX4-mediated apoptosis resistance in monocyte-derived macrophages may provide a novel therapeutic target to protect against the development and/or progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Larson-Casey
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Linlin Gu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jungsoon Kang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ashish Dhyani
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - A Brent Carter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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14
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Wu R, Högberg J, Adner M, Stenius U, Zheng H. Crystalline silica particles induce DNA damage in respiratory epithelium by ATX secretion and Rac1 activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 548:91-97. [PMID: 33636640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) and its product lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) have been implicated in lung fibrosis and cancer. We have studied their roles in DNA damage induced by carcinogenic crystalline silica particles (CSi). In an earlier study on bronchial epithelia, we concluded that ATX, via paracrine signaling, amplifies DNA damage. This effect was seen at 6-16 h. A succeeding study showed that CSi induced NLRP3 phosphorylation, mitochondrial depolarization, double strand breaks (DSBs), and NHEJ repair enzymes within minutes. In the current study we hypothesized a role for the ATX-LPA axis also in this rapid DNA damage. Using 16HBE human bronchial epithelial cells, we show ATX secretion at 3 min, and that ATX inhibitors (HA130 and PF8380) prevented both CSi-induced mitochondrial depolarization and DNA damage (detected by γH2AX and Comet assay analysis). Experiments with added LPA gave similar rapid effects as CSi. Furthermore, Rac1 was activated at 3 min, and a Rac1 inhibitor (NSC23766) prevented mitochondrial depolarization and genotoxicity. In mice the bronchial epithelia exhibited histological signs of ATX activation and signs of DSBs (53BP1 positive nuclei) minutes after a single inhalation of CSi. Our data indicate that CSi rapidly activate the ATX-LPA axis and within minutes this leads to DNA damage in bronchial epithelial cells. Thus, ATX mediates very rapid DNA damaging effects of inhaled particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Högberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Adner
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Stenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huiyuan Zheng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Dominguez M, Brüne B, Namgaladze D. Exploring the Role of ATP-Citrate Lyase in the Immune System. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632526. [PMID: 33679780 PMCID: PMC7930476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the past decade have revealed that metabolism profoundly influences immune responses. In particular, metabolism causes epigenetic regulation of gene expression, as a growing number of metabolic intermediates are substrates for histone post-translational modifications altering chromatin structure. One of these substrates is acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA), which donates an acetyl group for histone acetylation. Cytosolic acetyl-CoA is also a critical substrate for de novo synthesis of fatty acids and sterols necessary for rapid cellular growth. One of the main enzymes catalyzing cytosolic acetyl-CoA formation is ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY). In addition to its classical function in the provision of acetyl-CoA for de novo lipogenesis, ACLY contributes to epigenetic regulation through histone acetylation, which is increasingly appreciated. In this review we explore the current knowledge of ACLY and acetyl-CoA in mediating innate and adaptive immune responses. We focus on the role of ACLY in supporting de novo lipogenesis in immune cells as well as on its impact on epigenetic alterations. Moreover, we summarize alternative sources of acetyl-CoA and their contribution to metabolic and epigenetic regulation in cells of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dominguez
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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16
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Chen X, Wu Y, Wang Y, Chen L, Zheng W, Zhou S, Xu H, Li Y, Yuan L, Xiang C. Human menstrual blood-derived stem cells mitigate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis through anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:477. [PMID: 33176882 PMCID: PMC7656201 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a kind of diffuse interstitial lung disease, the pathogenesis of which is unclear, and there is currently a lack of good treatment to improve the survival rate. Human menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) have shown great potential in regenerative medicine. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of MenSCs for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS We investigated the transplantation of MenSCs in a pulmonary fibrosis mouse model induced by BLM. Mouse was divided into three groups: control group, BLM group, MenSC group. Twenty-one days after MenSC transplantation, we examined collagen content, pathological, fibrosis area in the lung tissue, and the level of inflammatory factors of serum. RNA sequence was used to examine the differential expressed gene between three groups. Transwell coculture experiments were further used to examine the function of MenSCs to MLE-12 cells and mouse lung fibroblasts (MLFs) in vitro. RESULTS We observed that transplantation of MenSCs significantly improves pulmonary fibrosis mouse through evaluations of pathological lesions, collagen deposition, and inflammation. Transwell coculturing experiments showed that MenSCs suppress the proliferation and the differentiation of MLFs and inhibit the apoptosis of MLE-12 cells. Furthermore, antibody array results demonstrated that MenSCs inhibit the apoptosis of MLE-12 cells by suppressing the expression of inflammatory-related cytokines, including RANTES, Eotaxin, GM-CSF, MIP-1γ, MCP-5, CCL1, and GITR. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results suggested MenSCs have a great potential in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, and cytokines revealed in antibody array are expected to become the target of future therapy of MenSCs in clinical treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wendi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sining Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huikang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) Group, Hangzhou, 311215 China
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
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17
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Larson-Casey JL, He C, Che P, Wang M, Cai G, Kim YI, El Hamdaoui M, Grytz R, Ding Q, Carter AB. Technical advance: The use of tree shrews as a model of pulmonary fibrosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241323. [PMID: 33141839 PMCID: PMC7608928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive disease with a high morbidity and mortality. Some of the mechanisms of fibrosis development have been described using rodent models; however, the relevance of findings in these animal models is difficult to assess. New innovative models are needed that closely mimic IPF disease pathology. METHODS To overcome this unmet need of investigating IPF with a relevant model, we utilized tree shrews, which are genetically, anatomically, and metabolically similar to primates and humans. Using human antibodies and primers, we investigated the role of macrophage phenotypic switching in normal and IPF subjects and bleomycin-injured tree shrews. RESULTS Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from tree shrews expressed human markers, and there was recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to the lung in IPF subjects and bleomycin-injured tree shrews. MDMs were polarized to a profibrotic phenotype in IPF and in bleomycin-injured tree shrews. Resident alveolar macrophages (RAMs) expressed proinflammatory markers regardless of bleomycin exposure. Tree shrews developed bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis with architectural distortion in parenchyma and widespread collagen deposition. CONCLUSION The profibrotic polarization of macrophages has been demonstrated to be present in IPF subjects and in fibrotic mice. Although the lung macrophages have long been considered to be homogeneous, recent evidence indicates that these cells are heterogeneous during multiple chronic lung diseases. Here, we show new data that indicate a critical and essential role for macrophage-fibroblast crosstalk promoting fibroblast differentiation and collagen production. in the development and progression of fibrosis. The current data strongly suggest development of therapeutics that attenuate of the profibrotic activation of MDMs may mitigate macrophage-fibroblast interaction. These observations demonstrate that tree shrews are an ideal animal model to investigate the pathogenesis of IPF as they are genetically, anatomically, and metabolically closer to humans than the more commonly used rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Larson-Casey
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Chao He
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Pulin Che
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Meimei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Guoqiang Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Young-il Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Mustapha El Hamdaoui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Rafael Grytz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - A. Brent Carter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Birmingham Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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18
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Larson-Casey JL, Gu L, Fiehn O, Carter AB. Cadmium-mediated lung injury is exacerbated by the persistence of classically activated macrophages. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15754-15766. [PMID: 32917723 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals released into the environment have a significant effect on respiratory health. Lung macrophages are important in mounting an inflammatory response to injury, but they are also involved in repair of injury. Macrophages develop mixed phenotypes in complex pathological conditions and polarize to a predominant phenotype depending on the duration and stage of injury and/or repair. Little is known about the reprogramming required for lung macrophages to switch between these divergent functions; therefore, understanding the mechanism(s) by which macrophages promote metabolic reprogramming to regulate lung injury is essential. Here, we show that lung macrophages polarize to a pro-inflammatory, classically activated phenotype after cadmium-mediated lung injury. Because metabolic adaptation provides energy for the diverse macrophage functions, these classically activated macrophages show metabolic reprogramming to glycolysis. RNA-Seq revealed up-regulation of glycolytic enzymes and transcription factors regulating glycolytic flux in lung macrophages from cadmium-exposed mice. Moreover, cadmium exposure promoted increased macrophage glycolytic function with enhanced extracellular acidification rate, glycolytic metabolites, and lactate excretion. These observations suggest that cadmium mediates the persistence of classically activated lung macrophages to exacerbate lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Larson-Casey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
| | - Linlin Gu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- National Institutes of Health West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - A Brent Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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19
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Bueno M, Calyeca J, Rojas M, Mora AL. Mitochondria dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming as drivers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101509. [PMID: 32234292 PMCID: PMC7251240 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating lung disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, like collagen and fibronectin in the lung interstitium leading to respiratory failure. Our understanding of the pathobiology underlying IPF is still incomplete; however, it is accepted that aging is a major risk factor in the disease while growing evidence suggests that the mitochondria plays an important role in the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Mitochondria dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming had been identified in different IPF lung cells (alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages) promoting low resilience and increasing susceptibility to activation of profibrotic responses. Here we summarize changes in mitochondrial numbers, biogenesis, turnover and associated metabolic adaptations that promote disrepair and fibrosis in the lung. Finally, we highlight new possible therapeutic approaches focused on ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bueno
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jazmin Calyeca
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Dorothy and Richard Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ana L Mora
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabamaand
| | - A Brent Carter
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabamaand
- Birmingham VA Medical CenterBirmingham, Alabama
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21
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Larson-Casey JL, He C, Carter AB. Mitochondrial quality control in pulmonary fibrosis. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101426. [PMID: 31928788 PMCID: PMC7251238 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence suggests changes in mitochondrial quality control are a critical determinant in many lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, acute lung injury, lung cancer, and in the susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis. Once thought of as the kidney-bean shaped powerhouses of the cell, mitochondria are now known to form interconnected networks that rapidly and continuously change their size to meet cellular metabolic demands. Mitochondrial quality control modulates cell fate and homeostasis, and diminished mitochondrial quality control results in mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced ATP production, and often induces intrinsic apoptosis. Here, we review the role of the mitochondria in alveolar epithelial cells, lung macrophages, and fibroblasts within the context of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Larson-Casey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States
| | - Chao He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States
| | - A Brent Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States; Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States.
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