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GAO J, ZHANG Y, Chen Y, JIN L, ZHAO J, GUO H, FU J. Qingfei Zhisou oral liquid alleviates fever-induced inflammation by regulating arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids metabolism and inhibiting hypothalamus transient receptor potential ion channels expression. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:954-962. [PMID: 39380226 PMCID: PMC11462524 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20240806.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how Qingfei Zhisou oral liquid (, QFZS) adjusts body temperature bias and the interaction of inflammatory factors levels and metabolomic differences. METHODS Dry yeast was subcutaneously injected at 10 mL/kg to establish the pyrexia model. We randomly divided 60 Sprague-Dawley rats into five groups: control, model, positive, low dose of QFZS and high dose of QFZS. Inflammatory proteins were evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. For the examination of the endogenous metabolites, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry were employed. RESULTS QFZS significantly reduced rats' body temperature within 6 h after dry yeast injection and reduced the secretion of the arginine vasopressin, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, prostaglandin E-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β in serum. Meanwhile, we identified 41 metabolites between the model and QFZS groups, including arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids. QFZS restored normal arachidonic acid levels. Based on the differential metabolite enrichment analysis, QFZS's anti-inflammatory and anti-pyrexia effects might be related to the inflammatory pathway regulated by transient receptor potential. Additionally, QFZS treatment reduced transient receptor potential melastatin 2 ion channel expression and affected TNF-α, heat shock protein 70, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the hypothalamus. CONCLUSION QFZS exerts its regulatory effects on fever by regulating the metabolism of lysophospholipids and arachidonic acid and the regulation of inflammation via transient receptor potential ion channels channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming GAO
- 1 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yehao ZHANG
- 1 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- 1 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Long JIN
- 1 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jianfeng ZHAO
- 2 Pharmaceutical R&D Department, Taiyuan Yidavike Medical Technology Development Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hao GUO
- 1 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jianhua FU
- 1 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
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Tian H, Ge K, Wang L, Gao P, Chen A, Wang F, Guo F, Wang F, Zhang Q. Advances in PGD2/PTGDR2 signaling pathway in tumors: A review. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2024; 24:1055-1067. [PMID: 38704736 PMCID: PMC11378995 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2024.10485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the prostaglandin (PG) family acts as an allergic inflammatory mediator in malignant diseases. Furthermore, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its related receptors, as well as the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2)/PGD2 receptor (PTGDR2), play irreplaceable roles in tumorigenesis and anti-tumor therapy. Several experiments have demonstrated that PGD2 signaling through PTGDR2 not only directly inhibits cancer cell survival, proliferation, and migration but also reduces resistance toward conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Recent studies from our and other laboratories have shown that PGD2, its ligands, and related metabolites can significantly alter the tumor microenvironment (TME) by promoting the secretion of chemokines and cytokines, thereby inhibiting tumor progression. Additionally, reduced PGD2 expression has been associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric, breast, lung, and pancreatic cancers, validating the preclinical findings and their clinical relevance. This review focuses on the current understanding of PGD2/PTGDR2 expression patterns and biological activity in cancer, proposing questions to guide the assessment of PGD2 and its receptors as potential targets for effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjin Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Kunpeng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Peiyao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Amin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Feifan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzheng Guo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - FengChao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
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Mizumura K, Taguchi T. Neurochemical mechanism of muscular pain: Insight from the study on delayed onset muscle soreness. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:4. [PMID: 38267849 PMCID: PMC10809664 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We reviewed fundamental studies on muscular pain, encompassing the characteristics of primary afferent fibers and neurons, spinal and thalamic projections, several muscular pain models, and possible neurochemical mechanisms of muscle pain. Most parts of this review were based on data obtained from animal experiments, and some researches on humans were also introduced. We focused on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) induced by lengthening contractions (LC), suitable for studying myofascial pain syndromes. The muscular mechanical withdrawal threshold (MMWT) decreased 1-3 days after LC in rats. Changing the speed and range of stretching showed that muscle injury seldom occurred, except in extreme conditions, and that DOMS occurred in parameters without muscle damage. The B2 bradykinin receptor-nerve growth factor (NGF) route and COX-2-glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) route were involved in the development of DOMS. The interactions between these routes occurred at two levels. A repeated-bout effect was observed in MMWT and NGF upregulation, and this study showed that adaptation possibly occurred before B2 bradykinin receptor activation. We have also briefly discussed the prevention and treatment of DOMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Mizumura
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences (IHMMS), Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
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Zhao L, Wu R, Wu Z, Liu X, Li J, Zhang L, Zhang S. Genetically predicted 486 blood metabolites concerning risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22543. [PMID: 38110541 PMCID: PMC10728112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities constitute a significant characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We utilised a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to evaluate the potential causal association between 486 blood metabolites and SLE. Exposure data at the metabolite level were extracted from 7824 European Genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Preliminary analysis utilised SLE GWAS data from FinnGen. The primary method for causal analysis relied on random inverse variance weighting (IVW). To ensure robustness, sensitivity analyses included the Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis. Steiger testing and linkage disequilibrium score regression were employed to validate the identified metabolites. This study identified 12 metabolites, comprising six known chemical structures: 1,5-anhydroglucitol(1,5-AG) [odds ratio (OR) = 0.100, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.015-0.773, P = 0.027), gamma-glutamylthreonine (OR = 0.077, 95% CI: 0.010-0.574, P = 0.012), 5-dodecenoate(12:1n7) (OR = 0.205, 95% CI: 0.061-0.685, P = 0.010), linoleoylglycerophosphoethanolamine * (OR = 0.159, 95% CI: 0.027-0.933, P = 0.044), erythrose (OR = 88.331,95% CI:1.098-63.214, P = 0.040) and 1-, adrenate (22:4n6) (OR = 9.876, 95% CI: 1.753-55.639, P = 0.001)]. Additionally, we found associations between SLE and six unknown chemical structures: X-06351 (OR = 0.071, 95% CI: 0.006-0.817, P = 0.034), X-10810 (OR = 4.268 95% CI: 1.260-14.459, P = 0.020), X-11412 (OR = 5.418 95% CI: 1.068-27.487, P = 0.041), X-11905 (OR = 0.551, 95%CI: 0.304-0.997, P = 0.049), X-12038 (OR = 0.178 95%CI: 0.032-0.988, P = 0.045), X-12217 (OR = 0.174 95%CI: 0.044-0.680, P = 0.014). This study offers evidence supporting a causal relationship between SLE and 12 circulating metabolites, six of which have known chemical structures and six that remain unidentified. These findings introduce a new perspective for further exploration of SLE mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030600, China
| | - Ruonan Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zewen Wu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Xinling Liu
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingxuan Li
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
| | - Shuqiu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030600, China.
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Yang T, Song C, Ralph DL, Andrews P, Sparks MA, Koller BH, McDonough AA, Coffman TM. Cell-Specific Actions of the Prostaglandin E-Prostanoid Receptor 4 Attenuating Hypertension: A Dominant Role for Kidney Epithelial Cells Compared With Macrophages. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026581. [PMID: 36172956 PMCID: PMC9673718 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background A beneficial role for prostanoids in hypertension is suggested by clinical studies showing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which block the production of all prostanoids, cause sodium retention and exacerbate hypertension. Among prostanoids, prostaglandin E2 and its E-prostanoid receptor 4 receptor (EP4R) have been implicated in blood pressure control. Our previous study found that conditional deletion of EP4R from all tissues in adult mice exacerbates angiotensin II-dependent hypertension, suggesting a powerful effect of EP4R to resist blood pressure elevation. We also found that elimination of EP4R from vascular smooth muscle cells did not affect the severity of hypertension, suggesting nonvascular targets of prostaglandin E mediate this antihypertensive effect. Methods and Results Here we generated mice with cell-specific deletion of EP4R from macrophage-specific EP4 receptor knockouts or kidney epithelial cells (KEKO) to assess the contributions of EP4R in these cells to hypertension pathogenesis. Macrophage-specific EP4 receptor knockouts showed similar blood pressure responses to alterations in dietary sodium or chronic angiotensin II infusion as Controls. By contrast, angiotensin II-dependent hypertension was significantly augmented in KEKOs (mean arterial pressure: 146±3 mm Hg) compared with Controls (137±4 mm Hg; P=0.02), which was accompanied by impaired natriuresis in KEKOs. Because EP4R expression in the kidney is enriched in the collecting duct, we compared responses to amiloride in angiotensin II-infused KEKOs and Controls. Blockade of the epithelial sodium channel with amiloride caused exaggerated natriuresis in KEKOs compared with Controls (0.21±0.01 versus 0.15±0.02 mmol/24 hour per 20 g; P=0.015). Conclusions Our data suggest EP4R in kidney epithelia attenuates hypertension. This antihypertension effect of EP4R may be mediated by reducing the activity of the epithelial sodium channel, thereby promoting natriuresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Division of Nephrology‐Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Chengcheng Song
- Division of Nephrology‐Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC,Department of AnesthesiologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Donna L. Ralph
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Portia Andrews
- Division of Nephrology‐Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Matthew A. Sparks
- Division of Nephrology‐Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | | | - Alicia A. McDonough
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Thomas M. Coffman
- Division of Nephrology‐Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Research ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Graduate Medical SchoolSingapore
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Wu H, Cui X, Guan S, Li G, Yao Y, Wu H, Zhang J, Zhang X, Yu T, Li Y, Lian Z, Zhang L, Liu G. The Improved Milk Quality and Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase ( ASMT) Overexpressed Goats: An Association with the Elevated Endogenous Melatonin Production. Molecules 2022; 27:572. [PMID: 35056885 PMCID: PMC8778916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenic animal production is an important means of livestock breeding and can be used to model pharmaceutical applications. METHODS In this study, to explore the biological activity of endogenously produced melatonin, Acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase (ASMT)-overexpressed melatonin-enriched dairy goats were successfully generated through the use of pBC1-ASMT expression vector construction and prokaryotic embryo microinjection. RESULTS These transgenic goats have the same normal phenotype as the wild-type goats (WT). However, the melatonin levels in their blood and milk were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In addition, the quality of their milk was also improved, showing elevated protein content and a reduced somatic cell number compared to the WT goats. No significant changes were detected in the intestinal microbiota patterns between groups. When the animals were challenged by the intravenous injection of E. coli, the ASMT-overexpressed goats had a lower level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and higher anti-inflammatory cytokines compared to the WT goats. Metabolic analysis uncovered a unique arachidonic acid metabolism pattern in transgenic goats. CONCLUSIONS The increased melatonin production due to ASMT overexpression in the transgenic goats may have contributed to their improved milk quality and enhanced the anti-inflammatory ability compared to the WT goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xudai Cui
- Qingdao Senmiao Industrial Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266101, China; (X.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shengyu Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Guangdong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yujun Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Haixin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tianjin 300192, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tianjin 300192, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Tuan Yu
- Tianheng Animal Health and Product Quality Supervision Station, Qingdao 266200, China;
| | - Yunxiang Li
- Qingdao Senmiao Industrial Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266101, China; (X.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Guoshi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
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Heil LBB, Cruz FF, Antunes MA, Braga CL, Agra LC, Bose Leão RM, Abreu SC, Pelosi P, Silva PL, Rocco PRM. Effects of propofol and its formulation components on macrophages and neutrophils in obese and lean animals. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00873. [PMID: 34632734 PMCID: PMC8503301 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized whether propofol or active propofol component (2,6-diisopropylphenol [DIPPH] and lipid excipient [LIP-EXC]) separately may alter inflammatory mediators expressed by macrophages and neutrophils in lean and obese rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 10) were randomly assigned to receive a standard (lean) or obesity-inducing diet (obese) for 12 weeks. Animals were euthanized, and alveolar macrophages and neutrophils from lean and obese animals were exposed to propofol (50 µM), active propofol component (50 µM, 2,6-DIPPH), and lipid excipient (soybean oil, purified egg phospholipid, and glycerol) for 1 h. The primary outcome was IL-6 expression after propofol and its components exposure by alveolar macrophages extracted from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The secondary outcomes were the production of mediators released by macrophages from adipose tissue, and neutrophils from lung and adipose tissues, and neutrophil migration. IL-6 increased after the exposure to both propofol (median [interquartile range] 4.14[1.95-5.20]; p = .04) and its active component (2,6-DIPPH) (4.09[1.67-5.91]; p = .04) in alveolar macrophages from obese animals. However, only 2,6-DIPPH increased IL-10 expression (7.59[6.28-12.95]; p = .001) in adipose tissue-derived macrophages. Additionally, 2,6-DIPPH increased C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 and 4 (CXCR2 and CXCR4, respectively) in lung (10.08[8.23-29.01]; p = .02; 1.55[1.49-3.43]; p = .02) and adipose tissues (8.78[4.15-11.57]; p = .03; 2.86[2.17-3.71]; p = .01), as well as improved lung-derived neutrophil migration (28.00[-3.42 to 45.07]; p = .001). In obesity, the active component of propofol affected both the M1 and M2 markers as well as neutrophils in both alveolar and adipose tissue cells, suggesting that lipid excipient may hinder the effects of active propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Boavista Barros Heil
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Mariana Alves Antunes
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Cassia Lisboa Braga
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Lais Costa Agra
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Rebecca Madureira Bose Leão
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Soraia Carvalho Abreu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated DiagnosticsUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
- Anesthesia and Intensive CareSan Martino Policlinico Hospital – IRCCS for Oncology and NeurosciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
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Hassan JJ, Lieske A, Dörpmund N, Klatt D, Hoffmann D, Kleppa MJ, Kustikova OS, Stahlhut M, Schwarzer A, Schambach A, Maetzig T. A Multiplex CRISPR-Screen Identifies PLA2G4A as Prognostic Marker and Druggable Target for HOXA9 and MEIS1 Dependent AML. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179411. [PMID: 34502319 PMCID: PMC8431012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
HOXA9 and MEIS1 are frequently upregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including those with MLL-rearrangement. Because of their pivotal role in hemostasis, HOXA9 and MEIS1 appear non-druggable. We, thus, interrogated gene expression data of pre-leukemic (overexpressing Hoxa9) and leukemogenic (overexpressing Hoxa9 and Meis1; H9M) murine cell lines to identify cancer vulnerabilities. Through gene expression analysis and gene set enrichment analyses, we compiled a list of 15 candidates for functional validation. Using a novel lentiviral multiplexing approach, we selected and tested highly active sgRNAs to knockout candidate genes by CRISPR/Cas9, and subsequently identified a H9M cell growth dependency on the cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4A). Similar results were obtained by shRNA-mediated suppression of Pla2g4a. Remarkably, pharmacologic inhibition of PLA2G4A with arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3) accelerated the loss of H9M cells in bulk cultures. Additionally, AACOCF3 treatment of H9M cells reduced colony numbers and colony sizes in methylcellulose. Moreover, AACOCF3 was highly active in human AML with MLL rearrangement, in which PLA2G4A was significantly higher expressed than in AML patients without MLL rearrangement, and is sufficient as an independent prognostic marker. Our work, thus, identifies PLA2G4A as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for H9M-dependent AML with MLL-rearrangement.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Proliferation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Group IV Phospholipases A2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Group IV Phospholipases A2/genetics
- High-Throughput Screening Assays
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 Protein/genetics
- Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 Protein/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Jalil Hassan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Lieske
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Dörpmund
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Denise Klatt
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Dirk Hoffmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Marc-Jens Kleppa
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Olga S. Kustikova
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Maike Stahlhut
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrian Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tobias Maetzig
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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9
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White-Springer SH, Vineyard KR, Kivipelto J, Warren LK. Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation does not impair vitamin E status or promote lipid peroxidation in growing horses. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6291805. [PMID: 34228797 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3; ω-3) fatty acids (FA) are often included in the diet for their potential health benefits. However, because oxidative potential is increased with the degree of unsaturation in vitro, polyunsaturated FA such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) may be at increased risk of lipid peroxidation. We aimed to determine the effects of dietary n-3 FA supplementation on antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in yearling horses. Quarter Horses (mean ± SEM; 14.6 ± 0.2 mo) were randomly assigned to receive no n-3 FA supplementation (CON; n = 6) or 60 mg n-3/kg body weight from milled flaxseed (FLAX; n = 6) or encapsulated fish oil (FISH; n = 6). All horses received a basal diet of mixed grain concentrate fed individually at 1.5% body weight (dry matter basis) and ad libitum bahiagrass pasture forage. Blood samples were obtained before and after 70 d of supplementation to evaluate vitamin E, selenium, lipids, antioxidant status, and oxidative stress. Data were analyzed using a mixed model ANOVA with repeated measures. Supplementation with n-3 FA did not reduce serum vitamin E or Se and, in fact, elevated (P ≤ 0.0003) vitamin E status in FISH horses. At day 70, serum triglycerides were lower in FISH and FLAX horses than CON horses (P ≤ 0.02) and F2-isoprostanes were lower in FISH than CON horses (P = 0.0002). Dietary n-3 FA had no effect on cholesterol, reduced and oxidized glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. In growing horses fed to meet their vitamin E requirements, supplementation with 60 mg n-3/kg body weight did not negatively affect vitamin E status or promote lipid peroxidation. Elevated vitamin E status in horses fed FISH, coupled with lower serum F2-isoprostanes, further suggest that the longer-chain, highly unsaturated n-3 FA, EPA and DHA, may actually attenuate lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly R Vineyard
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jan Kivipelto
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lori K Warren
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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10
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Rahman M, Sawyer WG, Lindhorst S, Deleyrolle LP, Harrison JK, Karachi A, Dastmalchi F, Flores-Toro J, Mitchell DA, Lim M, Gilbert MR, Reardon DA. Adult immuno-oncology: using past failures to inform the future. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1249-1261. [PMID: 32391559 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In oncology, "immunotherapy" is a broad term encompassing multiple means of utilizing the patient's immune system to combat malignancy. Prominent among these are immune checkpoint inhibitors, cellular therapies including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses. Immunotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM) has had mixed results in early trials. In this context, the past, present, and future of immune oncology for the treatment of GBM was discussed by clinical, research, and thought leaders as well as patient advocates at the first annual Remission Summit in 2019. The goal was to use current knowledge (published and unpublished) to identify possible causes of treatment failures and the best strategies to advance immunotherapy as a treatment modality for patients with GBM. The discussion focuses on past failures, current limitations, failure analyses, and proposed best practices moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - W Gregory Sawyer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Scott Lindhorst
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jeffrey K Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Aida Karachi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Farhad Dastmalchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Joseph Flores-Toro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael Lim
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David A Reardon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Tamgue O, Chia JE, Brombacher F. Triptolide Modulates the Expression of Inflammation-Associated lncRNA-PACER and lincRNA-p21 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Monocyte-Derived Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:618462. [PMID: 33912039 PMCID: PMC8071990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.618462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide is a diterpene triepoxide, which performs its biological activities via mechanisms including induction of apoptosis, targeting of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reshaping of the epigenetic landscape of target cells. However, the targeting of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) by triptolide has not yet been investigated, despite their emerging roles as key epigenetic regulators of inflammation and immune cell function during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Hence, we investigated whether triptolide targets inflammation-associated lncRNA-PACER and lincRNA-p21 and how this targeting associates with Mtb killing within monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs).Using RT-qPCR, we found that triptolide induced the expression of lincRNA-p21 but inhibited the expression of lncRNA-PACER in resting MDMs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, Mtb infection induced the expression of lincRNA-p21 and lncRNA-PACER, and exposure to triptolide before or after Mtb infection led to further increase of Mtb-induced expression of these lncRNAs in MDMs. We further found that contrary to lncRNA-PACER, triptolide time- and dose-dependently upregulated Ptgs-2, which is a proximal gene regulated by lncRNA-PACER. Also, low-concentration triptolide inhibited the expression of cytokine IL-6, a known target of lincRNA-p21. Mtb infection induced the expression of IL-6 and Ptgs-2, and triptolide treatment further increased IL-6 but decreased Ptgs-2 expression in Mtb-infected MDMs. The inverse relation between the expression of these lncRNAs and their target genes is concordant with the conception that these lncRNAs mediate, at least partially, the cytotoxic and/or anti-inflammatory activities of triptolide in both resting and activated MDMs. Using the CFU count method, we found that triptolide decreased the intracellular growth of Mtb HN878. The alamarBlue assay showed that this decreased Mtb HN878 growth was not as a result of direct targeting of Mtb HN878 by triptolide, but rather evoking MDMs’ intracellular killing mechanisms which we speculate could include triptolide-induced enhancement of MDMs’ effector killing functions mediated by lncRNA-PACER and lincRNA-p21. Altogether, these results provide proof of the modulation of lncRNA-PACER and lincRNA-p21 expression by triptolide, and a possible link between these lncRNAs, the enhancement of MDMs’ effector killing functions and the intracellular Mtb-killing activities of triptolide. These findings prompt for further investigation of the precise contribution of these lncRNAs to triptolide-induced activities in MDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Tamgue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julius Ebua Chia
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Complex and Controversial Roles of Eicosanoids in Fungal Pathogenesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040254. [PMID: 33800694 PMCID: PMC8065571 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of fungal infections has increased in immunocompromised patients, leading to millions of deaths annually. Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites, such as eicosanoids, play important roles in regulating innate and adaptative immune function, particularly since they can function as virulence factors enhancing fungal colonization and are produced by mammalian and lower eukaryotes, such as yeasts and other fungi (Candida albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans). C. albicans produces prostaglandins (PG), Leukotrienes (LT) and Resolvins (Rvs), whereas the first two have been well documented in Cryptococcus sp. and H. capsulatum. In this review, we cover the eicosanoids produced by the host and fungi during fungal infections. These fungal-derived PGs have immunomodulatory functions analogous to their mammalian counterparts. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) protects C. albicans and C. parapsilosis cells from the phagocytic and killing activity of macrophages. H. capsulatum PGs augment the fungal burden and host mortality rates in histoplasmosis. However, PGD2 potentiates the effects and production of LTB4, which is a very potent neutrophil chemoattractant that enhances host responses. Altogether, these data suggest that eicosanoids, mainly PGE2, may serve as a new potential target to combat diverse fungal infections.
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13
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Nienaber A, Hayford FEA, Variava E, Martinson N, Malan L. The Manipulation of the Lipid Mediator Metabolism as Adjunct Host-Directed Therapy in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:623941. [PMID: 33777003 PMCID: PMC7994275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.623941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-directed therapies (HDTs) enhance the host response to tuberculosis (TB) infection to reduce disease severity. For instance, the manipulation of lipid mediator production diminishes the hyperactive immune response which is a known pathological feature of TB that generates lung tissue damage. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) are examples of such HDTs. In this mini-review, we recapitulate the literature available on the effects of NSAIDs and n-3 LCPUFA in TB as well as the immunological pathways underpinning these effects. Many NSAIDs have a great deal of data describing their effects and safety and in many jurisdictions are inexpensive, and sold over the counter in neighborhood convenience stores and supermarkets. The potential benefits of NSAIDs in TB are well-documented in pre-clinical studies. The reduction of pro-inflammatory lipid mediator production by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways with NSAIDs has been found to improve lung histopathology, bacterial control, and survival. Additionally, n-3 LCPUFA and its novel bioactive metabolites produced by COX and lipoxygenase (LOX) have been identified as safe and effective pro-resolving and antibacterial pharmaconutrients. Nevertheless, heterogeneous results have been reported in pre-clinical TB studies. Recently, the importance of the correct timing of NSAIDs and n-3 LCPUFA administration in TB has also been highlighted. This mini-review will provide a better understanding of the potential contribution of these therapies toward reducing inflammatory lung damage and improving bactericidal activity, especially during later stages of TB infection. It further highlights that clinical trials are required to confirm benefit and safety in TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arista Nienaber
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Frank E A Hayford
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ebrahim Variava
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa.,Department of Internal Medicine, Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital Complex, North West Department of Health, Klerksdorp, South Africa
| | - Neil Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa
| | - Linda Malan
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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14
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Suneson K, Lindahl J, Chamli Hårsmar S, Söderberg G, Lindqvist D. Inflammatory Depression-Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1640. [PMID: 33561973 PMCID: PMC7915869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of depression is hampered by the failure to identify distinct symptom profiles with distinct pathophysiologies that differentially respond to distinct treatments. We posit that inflammatory depression is a meaningful depression subtype associated with specific symptoms and biological abnormalities. We review several upstream, potentially causative, mechanisms driving low-grade inflammation in this subtype of depression. We also discuss downstream mechanisms mediating the link between inflammation and symptoms of depression, including alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission and tryptophan metabolism. Finally, we review evidence for several non-pharmacological interventions for inflammatory depression, including probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, and physical exercise interventions. While some evidence suggests that these interventions may be efficacious in inflammatory depression, future clinical trials should consider enriching patient populations for inflammatory markers, or stratify patients by inflammatory status, to confirm or refute this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Suneson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (J.L.); (G.S.); (D.L.)
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatric Clinic Helsingborg, Region Skåne, 252 23 Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Jesper Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (J.L.); (G.S.); (D.L.)
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatric Clinic Lund, Region Skåne, 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Simon Chamli Hårsmar
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatric Clinic Lund, Region Skåne, 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Gustav Söderberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (J.L.); (G.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (J.L.); (G.S.); (D.L.)
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatry Research Skåne, Region Skåne, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
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15
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Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFAs) and the Developing Immune System: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010247. [PMID: 33467123 PMCID: PMC7830895 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is complex: it involves many cell types and numerous chemical mediators. An immature immune response increases susceptibility to infection, whilst imbalances amongst immune components leading to loss of tolerance can result in immune-mediated diseases including food allergies. Babies are born with an immature immune response. The immune system develops in early life and breast feeding promotes immune maturation and protects against infections and may protect against allergies. The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are considered to be important components of breast milk. AA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA are also present in the membranes of cells of the immune system and act through multiple interacting mechanisms to influence immune function. The effects of AA and of mediators derived from AA are often different from the effects of the n-3 LCPUFAs (i.e., EPA and DHA) and of mediators derived from them. Studies of supplemental n-3 LCPUFAs in pregnant women show some effects on cord blood immune cells and their responses. These studies also demonstrate reduced sensitisation of infants to egg, reduced risk and severity of atopic dermatitis in the first year of life, and reduced persistent wheeze and asthma at ages 3 to 5 years, especially in children of mothers with low habitual intake of n-3 LCPUFAs. Immune markers in preterm and term infants fed formula with AA and DHA were similar to those in infants fed human milk, whereas those in infants fed formula without LCPUFAs were not. Infants who received formula plus LCPUFAs (both AA and DHA) showed a reduced risk of allergic disease and respiratory illness than infants who received standard formula. Studies in which infants received n-3 LCPUFAs report immune differences from controls that suggest better immune maturation and they show lower risk of allergic disease and respiratory illness over the first years of life. Taken together, these findings suggest that LCPUFAs play a role in immune development that is of clinical significance, particularly with regard to allergic sensitisation and allergic manifestations including wheeze and asthma.
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16
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Little-Letsinger SE, Turner ND, Ford JR, Suva LJ, Bloomfield SA. Omega-3 fatty acid modulation of serum and osteocyte tumor necrosis factor-α in adult mice exposed to ionizing radiation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:627-639. [PMID: 33411639 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00848.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation leads to bone loss and fragility. Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) consistently promote bone resorption. Dietary modulation of proinflammatory cytokines is an accepted therapeutic approach to treat chronic inflammation, including that induced by space-relevant radiation exposure. As such, these studies were designed to determine whether an anti-inflammatory diet, high in omega-3 fatty acids, could reduce radiation-mediated bone damage via reductions in the levels of inflammatory cytokines in osteocytes and serum. Lgr5-EGFP C57BL/6 mice were randomized to receive diets containing fish oil and pectin (FOP; high in omega-3 fatty acids) or corn oil and cellulose (COC; high in omega-6 fatty acids) and then acutely exposed to 0.5-Gy 56Fe or 2.0-Gy gamma-radiation. Mice fed the FOP diet exhibited consistent reductions in serum TNF-α in the 56Fe experiment but not the gamma-experiment. The percentage osteocytes (%Ot) positive for TNF-α increased in gamma-exposed COC, but not FOP, mice. Minimal changes in %Ot positive for sclerostin were observed. FOP mice exhibited modest improvements in several measures of cancellous microarchitecture and volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) postexposure to 56Fe and gamma-radiation. Reduced serum TNF-α in FOP mice exposed to 56Fe was associated with either neutral or modestly positive changes in bone structural integrity. Collectively, these data are generally consistent with previous findings that dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids may effectively mitigate systemic inflammation after acute radiation exposure and facilitate maintenance of BMD during spaceflight in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first investigation, to our knowledge, to test the impact of a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids on multiple bone structural and biological outcomes following space-relevant radiation exposure. Novel in biological outcomes is the assessment of osteocyte responses to this stressor. These data also add to the growing evidence that low-dose exposures to even high-energy ion species like 56Fe may have neutral or even small positive impacts on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy D Turner
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - John R Ford
- Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Larry J Suva
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Susan A Bloomfield
- Departments of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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17
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Mayoral Andrade G, Vásquez Martínez G, Pérez-Campos Mayoral L, Hernández-Huerta MT, Zenteno E, Pérez-Campos Mayoral E, Martínez Cruz M, Martínez Cruz R, Matias-Cervantes CA, Meraz Cruz N, Romero Díaz C, Cruz-Parada E, Pérez-Campos E. Molecules and Prostaglandins Related to Embryo Tolerance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:555414. [PMID: 33329514 PMCID: PMC7710691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.555414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally understood that the entry of semen into the female reproductive tract provokes molecular and cellular changes facilitating conception and pregnancy. We show a broader picture of the participation of prostaglandins in the fertilization, implantation and maintenance of the embryo. A large number of cells and molecules are related to signaling networks, which regulate tolerance to implantation and maintenance of the embryo and fetus. In this work, many of those cells and molecules are analyzed. We focus on platelets, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells involved in embryo tolerance in order to have a wider view of how prostaglandins participate. The combination of platelets and neutrophil extracellular traps (Nets), uterine innate lymphoid cells (uILC), Treg cells, NK cells, and sex hormones have an important function in immunological tolerance. In both animals and humans, the functions of these cells can be regulated by prostaglandins and soluble factors in seminal plasma to achieve an immunological balance, which maintains fetal-maternal tolerance. Prostaglandins, such as PGI2 and PGE2, play an important role in the suppression of the previously mentioned cells. PGI2 inhibits platelet aggregation, in addition to IL-5 and IL-13 expression in ILC2, and PGE2 inhibits some neutrophil functions, such as chemotaxis and migration processes, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) biosynthesis, ROS production, and the formation of extracellular traps, which could help prevent trophoblast injury and fetal loss. The implications are related to fertility in female when seminal fluid is deposited in the vagina or uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Mayoral Andrade
- Research Centre Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UNAM-UABJO), Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Centre Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UNAM-UABJO), Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Edgar Zenteno
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, México
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Centre Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UNAM-UABJO), Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Ruth Martínez Cruz
- Research Centre Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UNAM-UABJO), Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Noemi Meraz Cruz
- School of Medicine, Branch at National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Romero Díaz
- Research Centre Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UNAM-UABJO), Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eli Cruz-Parada
- Biochemistry and Immunology Unit, National Technological of Mexico/ITOaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos
- Biochemistry and Immunology Unit, National Technological of Mexico/ITOaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
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18
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Doskey CM, Fader KA, Nault R, Lydic T, Matthews J, Potter D, Sharratt B, Williams K, Zacharewski T. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) alters hepatic polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and eicosanoid biosynthesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 398:115034. [PMID: 32387183 PMCID: PMC7294678 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist that elicits a broad spectrum of dose-dependent hepatic effects including lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. To determine the role of inflammatory lipid mediators in TCDD-mediated hepatotoxicity, eicosanoid metabolism was investigated. Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were orally gavaged with sesame oil vehicle or 0.01-10 μg/kg TCDD every 4 days for 28 days. Hepatic RNA-Seq data was integrated with untargeted metabolomics of liver, serum, and urine, revealing dose-dependent changes in linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. TCDD also elicited dose-dependent differential gene expression associated with the cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 epoxidation/hydroxylation pathways with corresponding changes in ω-6 (e.g. AA and LA) and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), as well as associated eicosanoid metabolites. Overall, TCDD increased the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 PUFAs. Phospholipase A2 (Pla2g12a) was induced consistent with increased AA metabolism, while AA utilization by induced lipoxygenases Alox5 and Alox15 increased leukotrienes (LTs). More specifically, TCDD increased pro-inflammatory eicosanoids including leukotriene LTB4, and LTB3, known to recruit neutrophils to damaged tissue. Dose-response modeling suggests the cytochrome P450 hydroxylase/epoxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways are more sensitive to TCDD than the cyclooxygenase pathway. Hepatic AhR ChIP-Seq analysis found little enrichment within the regulatory regions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in eicosanoid biosynthesis, suggesting TCDD-elicited dysregulation of eicosanoid metabolism is a downstream effect of AhR activation. Overall, these results suggest alterations in eicosanoid metabolism may play a key role in TCDD-elicited hepatotoxicity associated with the progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Doskey
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Kelly A Fader
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Rance Nault
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Todd Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Dave Potter
- Wellington Laboratories Inc., Guelph, Ontario NIG 3M5, Canada
| | - Bonnie Sharratt
- Wellington Laboratories Inc., Guelph, Ontario NIG 3M5, Canada
| | - Kurt Williams
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Tim Zacharewski
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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Olagaray KE, Bradford BJ, Sordillo LM, Gandy JC, Mamedova LK, Swartz TH, Jackson TD, Persoon EK, Shugart CS, Youngs CR. Postpartum meloxicam administration alters plasma haptoglobin, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and oxylipid concentrations in postpartum ewes. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:68. [PMID: 32626575 PMCID: PMC7329520 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postpartum inflammation is a natural and necessary response; however, a dysfunctional inflammatory response can be detrimental to animal productivity. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (meloxicam) on ewe postpartum inflammatory response, ewe plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid and oxylipid concentrations, and lamb growth. Results After lambing, 36 Hampshire and Hampshire × Suffolk ewes were sequentially assigned within type of birth to control (n = 17) or meloxicam orally administered on d 1 and 4 of lactation (MEL; 90 mg, n = 19). Milk and blood samples were collected on d 1 (prior to treatment) and d 4. Milk glucose-6-phosphate was not affected by MEL. Plasma haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations were less for MEL ewes; control ewes with greater d 1 Hp concentrations had elevated Hp on d 4, but this was not the case for MEL-treated ewes. Treatment with MEL increased plasma arachidonic acid concentration by more than 4-fold in ewes rearing singles but decreased concentrations of 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid, prostaglandin F2α, 8-iso-prostaglandin E2, and 8,9-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Nine oxylipids in plasma had interactions of treatment with d 1 Hp concentration, all of which revealed positive associations between d 1 Hp and d 4 oxylipid concentrations for CON, but neutral or negative relationships for MEL. MEL decreased 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid:13-oxooctadecadienoic acid ratio and tended to increase 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid:9-oxooctadecadienoic acid ratio (both dependent on d 1 values), indicating progressive metabolism of linoleic acid-derived oxylipids occurred by enzymatic oxidation after MEL treatment. Meloxicam reduced oxylipids generated across oxygenation pathways, potentially due to an improved redox state. Conclusions Postpartum MEL treatment of ewes decreased plasma concentrations of Hp and several oxylipids, with the greatest impact in ewes with biomarkers reflecting a greater inflammatory state before treatment. Anti-inflammatory strategies may help resolve excessive postpartum inflammation in some dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Olagaray
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506 USA
| | - Barry J Bradford
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506 USA
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 2265K Anthony Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824-1225 USA
| | - Jeffery C Gandy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 2265K Anthony Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824-1225 USA
| | - Laman K Mamedova
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506 USA
| | - Turner H Swartz
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506 USA
| | - Trey D Jackson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Emma K Persoon
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | | | - Curtis R Youngs
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
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20
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Stromberga Z, Chess-Williams R, Moro C. The five primary prostaglandins stimulate contractions and phasic activity of the urinary bladder urothelium, lamina propria and detrusor. BMC Urol 2020; 20:48. [PMID: 32349725 PMCID: PMC7191740 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-00619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is often associated with several bladder dysfunctions, including overactive bladder (OAB) and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/PBS). As such, inflammation of the bladder and the actions of inflammatory mediators may contribute to the development of urinary symptoms. This study assessed the actions of PGE2, PGF2, PGD2, TXA2, and PGI2 on urinary bladder urothelium with lamina propria (U&LP), and detrusor smooth muscle. Methods Studies were carried out using isolated tissue baths, where strips of porcine bladder U&LP or detrusor were exposed to varying concentrations of prostaglandin agonists (1 μM and 10 μM). Results All assessed prostaglandin agonists contracted both the U&LP and detrusor smooth muscle, with the rank order of contractile response effectiveness as: PGE2 > PGF2α > TXA2 > PGD2 > PGI2. In U&LP, treatment with PGE2 (10 μM) increased tonic contractions by 1.36 ± 0.09 g (n = 42, p < 0.001) and phasic contractions by 40.4 ± 9.6% (n = 42, p < 0.001). In response to PGF2α (10 μM), U&LP tonic contractions increased by 0.79 ± 0.06 g (n = 14, p < 0.001) and phasic activity by 13.3% ± 5.3% (n = 15, p < 0.05). In detrusor preparations, PGE2 (10 μM) increased tonic contractions by 1.32 ± 0.13 g (n = 38, p < 0.001) and PGF2α (10 μM) by 0.97 ± 0.14 g (n = 12, p < 0.001). Only 34% (n = 48) of all detrusor preparations exhibited spontaneous activity prior to the addition of any agonist at a frequency of 2.03 ± 0.12 cpm. In preparations that did not exhibit initial phasic activity, all of the prostaglandin agonists were capable of commencing phasic activity. Conclusions The urinary bladder U&LP and detrusor respond to a variety of prostaglandin agonists, with their activation resulting in direct contractions, as well as increases to spontaneous contractile activity. This study presents the prostaglandin receptor system as a potential therapeutic target for lower urinary tract dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Stromberga
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4226, Australia
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4226, Australia
| | - Christian Moro
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4226, Australia.
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21
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Di Francesco L, Bruno A, Ricciotti E, Tacconelli S, Dovizio M, Guillem-Llobat P, Alisi MA, Garrone B, Coletta I, Mangano G, Milanese C, FitzGerald GA, Patrignani P. Pharmacological Characterization of the Microsomal Prostaglandin E 2 Synthase-1 Inhibitor AF3485 In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:374. [PMID: 32317963 PMCID: PMC7147323 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale The development of inhibitors of microsomal prostaglandin (PG)E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) was driven by the promise of attaining antiinflammatory agents with a safe cardiovascular profile because of the possible diversion of the accumulated substrate, PGH2, towards prostacyclin (PGI2). Objectives We studied the effect of the human mPGES-1 inhibitor, AF3485 (a benzamide derivative) on prostanoid biosynthesis in human whole blood in vitro. To characterize possible off-target effects of the compound, we evaluated: i)the impact of its administration on the systemic biosynthesis of prostanoids in a model of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced monoarthritis in rats; ii) the effects on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and the biosynthesis of prostanoids in human monocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Methods Prostanoids were assessed in different cellular models by immunoassays. The effect of the administration of AF3485 (30 and 100 mg/kg,i.p.) or celecoxib (20mg/kg, i.p.), for 3 days, on the urinary levels of enzymatic metabolites of prostanoids, PGE-M, PGI-M, and TX-M were assessed by LC-MS. Results In LPS-stimulated whole blood, AF3485 inhibited PGE2 biosynthesis, in a concentration-dependent fashion. At 100μM, PGE2 levels were reduced by 66.06 ± 3.30%, associated with a lower extent of TXB2 inhibition (40.56 ± 5.77%). AF3485 administration to CFA-treated rats significantly reduced PGE-M (P < 0.01) and TX-M (P < 0.05) similar to the selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib. In contrast, AF3485 induced a significant (P < 0.05) increase of urinary PGI-M while it was reduced by celecoxib. In LPS-stimulated human monocytes, AF3485 inhibited PGE2 biosynthesis with an IC50 value of 3.03 µM (95% CI:0.5–8.75). At 1μM, AF3485 enhanced TXB2 while at higher concentrations, the drug caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of TXB2. At 100 μM, maximal inhibition of the two prostanoids was associated with the downregulation of COX-2 protein by 86%. These effects did not involve AMPK pathway activation, IkB stabilization, or PPARγ activation. In HUVEC, AF3485 at 100 μM caused a significant (P < 0.05) induction of COX-2 protein associated with enhanced PGI2 production. These effects were reversed by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. Conclusions The inhibitor of human mPGES-1 AF3485 is a novel antiinflammatory compound which can also modulate COX-2 induction by inflammatory stimuli. The compound also induces endothelial COX-2-dependent PGI2 production via PPARγ activation, both in vitro and in vivo, which might translate into a protective effect for the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Di Francesco
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ricciotti
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Melania Dovizio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paloma Guillem-Llobat
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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22
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Tudor DV, Bâldea I, Lupu M, Kacso T, Kutasi E, Hopârtean A, Stretea R, Gabriela Filip A. COX-2 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in melanoma. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:20-31. [PMID: 32296574 PMCID: PMC7142851 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With a constantly increasing incidence, cutaneous melanoma has raised the need for a better understanding of its complex microenvironment that may further guide therapeutic options. Melanoma is a model tumor in immuno-oncology. Inflammation represents an important hallmark of cancer capable of inducing and sustaining tumor development. The inflammatory process also orchestrates the adaptative immunosuppression of tumor cells that helps them to evade immune destruction. Besides its role in proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a well-known promoter of immune suppression in melanoma. COX-2 inhibitors are closely involved in this condition. This review attempts to answer two controversial questions: is COX-2 a valuable prognostic factor? Among all COX-2 inhibitors, is celecoxib a suitable adjuvant in melanoma therapy?
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Valentina Tudor
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Ioana Bâldea
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Mihai Lupu
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Teodor Kacso
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Eniko Kutasi
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Andreea Hopârtean
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Roland Stretea
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Adriana Gabriela Filip
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
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23
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Huang LM, Hu Q, Huang X, Qian Y, Lai XH. Preconditioning rats with three lipid emulsions prior to acute lung injury affects cytokine production and cell apoptosis in the lung and liver. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:19. [PMID: 32024527 PMCID: PMC7003422 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critically ill patients are at higher risk having acute lung injury (ALI) and more often in need of parenteral nutrition. We sought to study whether preconditioning with representative of lipid emulsions for one week could benefit rats from ALI. METHODS Using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI rat model and techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. RESULTS PGE2 production in the serum was highest in the LPS group, followed with Intralipid group, and the PGE2 level of these two groups was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the rest. Intralipid conditioning caused significantly less production of LTB4 than the LPS, Clinoleic, or Omegaven group. In contrast to Intralipid, rats pretreated with Clinoleic or Omegaven significantly decreased their production of inflammatory mediators (IL-1 β, IL-6 and TNF-α), had less apoptosis in the lung tissues, and Omegaven greatly improved liver function upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. CONCLUSIONS In an ALI setting, preconditioning with Omegaven or Clinoleic was better than Intralipid in decreasing the intensity of the cytokine storm and apoptosis caused by LPS challenge, and Omegaven in addition had the potential to improve liver function. The results from the present study set a basis for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of ALI, including the up- and downstream pathways of proinflammatory factor production, in search of (small) molecules intervening with the pathogenesis of ALI in order to translate relevant research findings into clinical benefit for patients with ALI. The use of Omegaven or Clinoleic, particularly in patients with ALI, is still characterized by uncertainty due to a lack of relevant studies. Future investigations must specifically focus on the route of administration and mode of application (enteral vs. parenteral/bolus vs. continuous), determining an optimal dose of Omegaven or Clinoleic, and the defining the best timepoint(s) for administration. Critically ill patients are at higher risk having acute lung injury (ALI) and more often in need of parenteral nutrition. The effect of lipid emulsion via parenteral nutrition on liver function was first time evaluated in rats in an ALI setting. The comparison of three forms of lipid emulsion in a rat model of acute lung injury was first time studied. The fish oil-based lipid emulsion decrease in PGE 2 and increase in LTB 4 was first time reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mi Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First affiliated hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Qingqing Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First affiliated hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First affiliated hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Pediatrics, The First affiliated hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, China.
| | - Xin-He Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, The First affiliated hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, China.
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24
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Hajeyah AA, Griffiths WJ, Wang Y, Finch AJ, O’Donnell VB. The Biosynthesis of Enzymatically Oxidized Lipids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:591819. [PMID: 33329396 PMCID: PMC7711093 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.591819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatically oxidized lipids are a specific group of biomolecules that function as key signaling mediators and hormones, regulating various cellular and physiological processes from metabolism and cell death to inflammation and the immune response. They are broadly categorized as either polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) containing (free acid oxygenated PUFA "oxylipins", endocannabinoids, oxidized phospholipids) or cholesterol derivatives (oxysterols, steroid hormones, and bile acids). Their biosynthesis is accomplished by families of enzymes that include lipoxygenases (LOX), cyclooxygenases (COX), cytochrome P450s (CYP), and aldo-keto reductases (AKR). In contrast, non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation and are broadly considered to be harmful. Here, we provide an overview of the biochemistry and enzymology of LOXs, COXs, CYPs, and AKRs in humans. Next, we present biosynthetic pathways for oxylipins, oxidized phospholipids, oxysterols, bile acids and steroid hormones. Last, we address gaps in knowledge and suggest directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Hajeyah
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ali A. Hajeyah,
| | - William J. Griffiths
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Finch
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie B. O’Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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25
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Rangarajan S, Rezonzew G, Chumley P, Fatima H, Golovko MY, Feng W, Hua P, Jaimes EA. COX-2-derived prostaglandins as mediators of the deleterious effects of nicotine in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 318:F475-F485. [PMID: 31841390 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00407.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking has been identified as a risk factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In previous studies, we showed that nicotine induces cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in vivo and in vitro and that the administration of nicotine in vivo worsens the severity of renal injury in a model of subtotal renal ablation. In the present study, we tested the role of COX-2-derived prostaglandins on the deleterious effects of nicotine in CKD. Sham and 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) rats received tap water or nicotine (100 μg/mL) in the drinking water for 12 wk. Additional groups also systemically received the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 (1.5 mg·kg-1·day-1 via osmotic minipump). The administration of nicotine worsened renal injury and proteinuria in 5/6Nx rats and increased proteinuria in sham rats. 5/6Nx rats had increased cortical production of the prostaglandins PGE2, PGI2, PGD2, and PGF2α and of thromboxane A2. In these rats, nicotine reduced the production of all prostaglandins examined except thromboxane A2. Treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 resulted in complete inhibition of all prostaglandins studied and ameliorated renal injury and proteinuria in 5/6Nx rats on nicotine but not in 5/6 Nx rats on tap water. Nicotine also reduced the expression of megalin in all groups examined, and this was partially prevented by COX-2 inhibition. In the present study, we showed that in CKD, nicotine worsens renal injury at least in part by producing an imbalance in the production of prostaglandins. This imbalance in the production of prostaglandins likely plays a role in the deleterious effects of smoking on the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rangarajan
- Renal Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - G Rezonzew
- Renal Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - P Chumley
- Renal Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - H Fatima
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - M Y Golovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - W Feng
- Renal Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - P Hua
- Renal Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - E A Jaimes
- Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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26
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Tyurina YY, St Croix CM, Watkins SC, Watson AM, Epperly MW, Anthonymuthu TS, Kisin ER, Vlasova II, Krysko O, Krysko DV, Kapralov AA, Dar HH, Tyurin VA, Amoscato AA, Popova EN, Bolevich SB, Timashev PS, Kellum JA, Wenzel SE, Mallampalli RK, Greenberger JS, Bayir H, Shvedova AA, Kagan VE. Redox (phospho)lipidomics of signaling in inflammation and programmed cell death. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:57-81. [PMID: 31071242 PMCID: PMC6626990 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0119-004rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the known prominent role of polyunsaturated (phospho)lipids as structural blocks of biomembranes, there is an emerging understanding of another important function of these molecules as a highly diversified signaling language utilized for intra- and extracellular communications. Technological developments in high-resolution mass spectrometry facilitated the development of a new branch of metabolomics, redox lipidomics. Analysis of lipid peroxidation reactions has already identified specific enzymatic mechanisms responsible for the biosynthesis of several unique signals in response to inflammation and regulated cell death programs. Obtaining comprehensive information about millions of signals encoded by oxidized phospholipids, represented by thousands of interactive reactions and pleiotropic (patho)physiological effects, is a daunting task. However, there is still reasonable hope that significant discoveries, of at least some of the important contributors to the overall overwhelmingly complex network of interactions triggered by inflammation, will lead to the discovery of new small molecule regulators and therapeutic modalities. For example, suppression of the production of AA-derived pro-inflammatory mediators, HXA3 and LTB4, by an iPLA2 γ inhibitor, R-BEL, mitigated injury associated with the activation of pro-inflammatory processes in animals exposed to whole-body irradiation. Further, technological developments promise to make redox lipidomics a powerful approach in the arsenal of diagnostic and therapeutic instruments for personalized medicine of inflammatory diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan M Watson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena R Kisin
- Exposure Assessment Branch, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Irina I Vlasova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Krysko
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexandr A Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haider H Dar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena N Popova
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey B Bolevich
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter S Timashev
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - John A Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Joel S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hulya Bayir
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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27
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Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, Anthonymuthu T, Amoscato AA, Sparvero LJ, Nesterova AM, Baynard ML, Sun W, He R, Khaitovich P, Vladimirov YA, Gabrilovich DI, Bayır H, Kagan VE. "Redox lipidomics technology: Looking for a needle in a haystack". Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 221:93-107. [PMID: 30928338 PMCID: PMC6714565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic life is based on numerous metabolic oxidation reactions as well as biosynthesis of oxygenated signaling compounds. Among the latter are the myriads of oxygenated lipids including a well-studied group of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) - octadecanoids, eicosanoids, and docosanoids. During the last two decades, remarkable progress in liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry has led to significant progress in the characterization of oxygenated PUFA-containing phospholipids, thus designating the emergence of a new field of lipidomics, redox lipidomics. Although non-enzymatic free radical reactions of lipid peroxidation have been mostly associated with the aberrant metabolism typical of acute injury or chronic degenerative processes, newly accumulated evidence suggests that enzymatically catalyzed (phospho)lipid oxygenation reactions are essential mechanisms of many physiological pathways. In this review, we discuss a variety of contemporary protocols applicable for identification and quantitative characterization of different classes of peroxidized (phospho)lipids. We describe applications of different types of LCMS for analysis of peroxidized (phospho)lipids, particularly cardiolipins and phosphatidylethanolalmines, in two important types of programmed cell death - apoptosis and ferroptosis. We discuss the role of peroxidized phosphatidylserines in phagocytotic signaling. We exemplify the participation of peroxidized neutral lipids, particularly tri-acylglycerides, in immuno-suppressive signaling in cancer. We also consider new approaches to exploring the spatial distribution of phospholipids in the context of their oxidizability by MS imaging, including the latest achievements in high resolution imaging techniques. We present innovative approaches to the interpretation of LC-MS data, including audio-representation analysis. Overall, we emphasize the role of redox lipidomics as a communication language, unprecedented in diversity and richness, through the analysis of peroxidized (phospho)lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamil Anthonymuthu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Louis J Sparvero
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anastasiia M Nesterova
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matthew L Baynard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wanyang Sun
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Anti-stress and Health Research Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - RongRong He
- Anti-stress and Health Research Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yuri A Vladimirov
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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28
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Wang J, Li D, Cang H, Guo B. Crosstalk between cancer and immune cells: Role of tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4709-4721. [PMID: 31222971 PMCID: PMC6712467 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is a complex system that contains multiple cells and cytokines. Among the multiple immune cells, macrophage is particularly abundant and plays an important role throughout the tumor progression process, namely, tumor‐associated macrophage (TAM) in this special tumor microenvironment. Many kinds of cytokines from TAMs and other immune cells in tumor niche are involved in the linkage of inflammation, immunity and tumorigenesis. Inflammatory responses induced by TAMs are crucial to tumor development of different stages. This review highlights the critical role of TAMs in the linkage of inflammation, immunity, and cancer. It outlines the molecules of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors mainly from TAMs in tumor microenvironment and their functions in tumor development during the major issues of angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, and immune suppression. Additionally, the signaling pathways involved in tumor progression and the crosstalk between them are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Huaixing Cang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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29
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Wu J, Liu B, Mao W, Feng S, Yao Y, Bai F, Shen Y, Guleng A, Jirigala B, Cao J. Prostaglandin E2 Regulates Activation of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages by Staphylococcus aureus through Toll-Like Receptor 2, Toll-Like Receptor 4, and NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:154-169. [PMID: 31141808 DOI: 10.1159/000499604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an essential endogenous lipid mediator for normal physiological functions, can also act as an inflammatory mediator in pathological conditions. We determined whether Staphylococcus aureus lipoproteins are essential for inducing PGE2 secretion by immune cells and whether pattern recognition receptors mediate this process. PGE2 levels secreted by mouse peritoneal macrophages infected with the S. aureus isogenic mutant, lgt::ermB (Δlgt; deficient in lipoprotein maturation), decreased compared with those from macrophages infected with wild-type (WT) S. aureus. Experiments using toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2)-deficient, TLR4-deficient, and NLRP3-deficient mice indicated that these 3 proteins are involved in macrophage PGE2 secretion in response to S. aureus, and lipoproteins were essential for S. aureus invasion and survival within macrophages. Inhibition of endogenous PGE2 synthesis had no effect on bacterial invasion. Exogenous PGE2 inhibited phagocytosis in the WT S. aureus and its isogenic mutant but increased intracellular killing accompanied by enhanced IL-1β secretion. Our data demonstrate that S. aureus can induce macrophage TLR/mitogen-activated protein kinase/NF-κB signaling and that PGE2 treatment upregulates NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling activation. Thus, macrophage PGE2 secretion after S. aureus infection depends on bacterial lipoprotein maturation and macrophage receptors TLR2, TLR4, and NLRP3. Moreover, exogenous PGE2 regulates S. aureus-induced macrophage activation through TLRs and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindi Wu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China, .,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Amu Guleng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bayin Jirigala
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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30
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Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Ayuso MI, Sansone L, Bernal-Jiménez JJ, Ramos-Herrero VD, Sánchez-García E, Ramos TL, Abia R, Muriana FJG, Bermúdez B, Montaner J. Neuroprotective Effects of Diets Containing Olive Oil and DHA/EPA in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1109. [PMID: 31109078 PMCID: PMC6566717 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and while there is increasing evidence that a Mediterranean diet might decrease the risk of a stroke, the effects of dietary fat composition on stroke outcomes have not been fully explored. We hypothesize that the brain damage provoked by a stroke would be different depending on the source of dietary fat. To test this, male C57BL/6J mice were fed for 4 weeks with a standard low-fat diet (LFD), a high-fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fatty acids (HFD-SFA), an HFD containing monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) from olive oil (HFD-OO), or an HFD containing MUFAs from olive oil plus polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA/EPA) (HFD-OO-ω3). These mice were then subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo). Behavioural tests and histological analyses were performed 24 and/or 48 h after tMCAo in order to elucidate the impact of these diets with different fatty acid profiles on the ischemic lesion and on neurological functions. Mice fed with HFD-OO-ω3 displayed better histological outcomes after cerebral ischemia than mice that received an HFD-SFA or LFD. Furthermore, PUFA- and MUFA-enriched diets improved the motor function and neurological performance of ischemic mice relative to those fed with an LFD or HFD-SFA. These findings support the use of DHA/EPA-omega-3-fatty acid supplementation and olive oil as dietary source of MUFAs in order to reduce the damage and protect the brain when a stroke occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gonzalo-Gobernado
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Av. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville; Spain.
| | - María Irene Ayuso
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Av. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville; Spain.
| | - Loredana Sansone
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Av. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville; Spain.
| | - Juan José Bernal-Jiménez
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Av. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville; Spain.
| | - Víctor Darío Ramos-Herrero
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Av. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville; Spain.
| | - Enrique Sánchez-García
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Av. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville; Spain.
| | - Teresa L Ramos
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy and New Therapeutic Targets in Onco-Hematology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Av. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Rocío Abia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. de Utrera Km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Francisco J G Muriana
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. de Utrera Km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Bermúdez
- Department of Cellular Biology, School of Biology, University of Seville, Av. de la Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Av. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville; Spain.
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Av. Doctor Fedriani 3, 41007 Seville, Spain.
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31
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Loew A, Köhnke T, Rehbeil E, Pietzner A, Weylandt KH. A Role for Lipid Mediators in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102425. [PMID: 31100828 PMCID: PMC6567850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of therapeutic improvements in the treatment of different hematologic malignancies, the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated solely with conventional induction and consolidation chemotherapy remains poor, especially in association with high risk chromosomal or molecular aberrations. Recent discoveries describe the complex interaction of immune effector cells, as well as the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the development, maintenance and progression of AML. Lipids, and in particular omega-3 as well as omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to play a vital role as signaling molecules of immune processes in numerous benign and malignant conditions. While the majority of research in cancer has been focused on the role of lipid mediators in solid tumors, some data are showing their involvement also in hematologic malignancies. There is a considerable amount of evidence that AML cells are targetable by innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, paving the way for immune therapy approaches in AML. In this article we review the current data showing the lipid mediator and lipidome patterns in AML and their potential links to immune mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity/drug effects
- Bone Marrow
- Disease Progression
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/immunology
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use
- Fatty Acids, Omega-6/immunology
- Fatty Acids, Omega-6/therapeutic use
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematopoiesis
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunotherapy
- Inflammation
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Lipids/immunology
- Lipids/therapeutic use
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prognosis
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Loew
- Department of Medicine B, Ruppin General Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Köhnke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Emma Rehbeil
- Department of Medicine B, Ruppin General Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany.
| | - Anne Pietzner
- Department of Medicine B, Ruppin General Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany.
| | - Karsten-H Weylandt
- Department of Medicine B, Ruppin General Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany.
- Medical Department, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Watrous JD, Niiranen TJ, Lagerborg KA, Henglin M, Xu YJ, Rong J, Sharma S, Vasan RS, Larson MG, Armando A, Mora S, Quehenberger O, Dennis EA, Cheng S, Jain M. Directed Non-targeted Mass Spectrometry and Chemical Networking for Discovery of Eicosanoids and Related Oxylipins. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:433-442.e4. [PMID: 30661990 PMCID: PMC6636917 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids and related oxylipins are critical, small bioactive mediators of human physiology and inflammation. While ∼1,100 distinct species have been predicted to exist, to date, less than 150 of these molecules have been measured in humans, limiting our understanding of their role in human biology. Using a directed non-targeted mass spectrometry approach in conjunction with chemical networking of spectral fragmentation patterns, we find over 500 discrete chemical signals highly consistent with known and putative eicosanoids and related oxylipins in human plasma including 46 putative molecules not previously described. In plasma samples from 1,500 individuals, we find members of this expanded oxylipin library hold close association with markers of inflammation, as well as clinical characteristics linked with inflammation, including advancing age and obesity. These experimental and computational approaches enable discovery of new chemical entities and will shed important insight into the role of bioactive molecules in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeramie D Watrous
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Teemu J Niiranen
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Kim A Lagerborg
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mir Henglin
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sonia Sharma
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Sections of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Armando
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Divisions of Preventive and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mohit Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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33
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Herrera M, Yang T, Sparks MA, Manning MW, Koller BH, Coffman TM. Complex Role for E-Prostanoid 4 Receptors in Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e010745. [PMID: 30764697 PMCID: PMC6405651 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Prostaglandin E2 ( PGE 2) is a major prostanoid with multiple actions that potentially affect blood pressure ( BP ). PGE 2 acts through 4 distinct E-prostanoid ( EP ) receptor isoforms: EP 1 to EP 4. The EP 4 receptor ( EP 4R) promotes PGE 2-dependent vasodilation, but its role in the pathogenesis of hypertension is not clear. Methods and Results To address this issue, we studied mice after temporal- and cell-specific deletion of EP 4R. First, using a mouse line with loss of EP 4 expression induced universally after birth, we confirm that EP 4R mediates a major portion of the acute vasodilatory effects of infused PGE 2. In addition, EP 4 contributes to control of resting BP , which was increased by 5±1 mm Hg in animals with generalized deficiency of this receptor. We also show that EP 4 is critical for limiting elevations in BP caused by high salt feeding and long-term infusion of angiotensin II . To more precisely identify the mechanism for these actions, we generated mice in which EP 4R loss is induced after birth and is limited to smooth muscle. In these mice, acute PGE 2-dependent vasodilation was attenuated, indicating that this response is mediated by EP 4R in vascular smooth muscle cells. However, absence of EP 4R only in this vascular compartment had a paradoxical effect of lowering resting BP , whereas the protective effect of EP 4R on limiting angiotensin II-dependent hypertension was unaffected. Conclusions Taken together, our findings support a complex role for EP 4R in regulation of BP and in hypertension, which appears to involve actions of the EP 4R in tissues beyond vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Herrera
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Ting Yang
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Matthew A. Sparks
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
- Renal SectionDurham VA Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | | | | | - Thomas M. Coffman
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
- Renal SectionDurham VA Medical CenterDurhamNC
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Research ProgramDuke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical SchoolSingapore
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34
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Abstract
Sepsis was known to ancient Greeks since the time of great physician Hippocrates (460-377 BC) without exact information regarding its pathogenesis. With time and medical advances, it is now considered as a condition associated with organ dysfunction occurring in the presence of systemic infection as a result of dysregulation of the immune response. Still with this advancement, we are struggling for the development of target-based therapeutic approach for the management of sepsis. The advancement in understanding the immune system and its working has led to novel discoveries in the last 50 years, including different pattern recognition receptors. Inflammasomes are also part of these novel discoveries in the field of immunology which are <20 years old in terms of their first identification. They serve as important cytosolic pattern recognition receptors required for recognizing cytosolic pathogens, and their pathogen-associated molecular patterns play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. The activation of both canonical and non-canonical inflammasome signaling pathways is involved in mounting a proinflammatory immune response via regulating the generation of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33 cytokines and pyroptosis. In addition to pathogens and their pathogen-associated molecular patterns, death/damage-associated molecular patterns and other proinflammatory molecules involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis affect inflammasomes and vice versa. Thus, the present review is mainly focused on the inflammasomes, their role in the regulation of immune response associated with sepsis, and their targeting as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,
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35
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Abstract
PURPOSE Lipid mediators of inflammation are a group of signaling molecules produced by various cells under physiological conditions and modulate the inflammatory process during various pathologic conditions. Although eicosanoids and F2-isoprostanes are recognized lipid mediators of inflammation, there is no consensus yet on the extraction and mass spectrometry (MS) method for their analysis in individual human tear samples. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop an optimal method for extraction of lipid mediators of inflammation in the tear film and evaluate MS techniques for their analysis. METHODS Basal tears were collected from each eye of 19 subjects using glass microcapillaries. Lipid extraction was performed using either varying concentrations of acidified methanol, a modified Folch method, or solid-phase extraction. Initially, an untargeted analysis of the extracts was performed using SCIEX TripleTOF 5600 mass spectrometer to identify any lipid mediators of inflammation (eicosanoids) and later a targeted analysis was performed using the SCIEX 6500 Qtrap to identify and quantify prostaglandins and isoprostanes. Mass spectra and chromatograms were analyzed using Peakview, XCMS, and Multiquant software. RESULTS Prostaglandins and isoprostanes were observed and quantified using the Qtrap mass spectrometer under multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode after solid-phase extraction. Extraction with acidified methanol along with the Folch method produced cleaner spectra during MS with the Triple time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. Lipid mediators of inflammation were not observed in any of the tear samples using the Triple TOF mass spectrometer. CONCLUSIONS Solid-phase extraction may be the method of choice for extraction of prostaglandins and isoprostanes in low volumes of tears. The SCIEX Qtrap 6500 in MRM mode may be suitable to identify and quantify similar lipid mediators of inflammation.
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Meléndez DM, Marti S, Pajor EA, Moya D, Gellatly D, Janzen ED, Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS. Effect of a single dose of meloxicam prior to band or knife castration in 1-wk-old beef calves: I. Acute pain. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:1268-1280. [PMID: 29506258 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Western Canada, approximately half of the calves produced are castrated before 1 wk of age. Therefore, it is important to identify effective analgesic drugs to mitigate pain associated with castration and consequently improve animal welfare. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a single s.c. dose of meloxicam at mitigating pain associated with knife and band castration in 1-wk-old calves. Seventy-two Angus crossbred bull calves (47.3 ± 6.70 kg of body weight (BW), 1 wk old) were used in a 3 × 2 factorial design where main factors included castration method-sham (CT), band (BA) or knife (KN) castration- and medication-lactate ringer (NM) or 0.5 mg/kg BW of meloxicam (M). Measurements included different physiological and behavioral parameters. Samples were collected on day -1, immediately before castration (T0); and 60, 90, and 120 min and 1, 2, 3, and 7 d after castration except for visual analog scale (VAS) which was collected at the time of castration. The salivary cortisol concentrations were greater (P = 0.04) in KN and BA calves than CT calves 60 min after castration, while 90 min after castration BA had greater concentrations than CT calves. Substance P concentrations were greater (P = 0.04) in NM calves than M calves on d 3 and 7 after castration. The serum amyloid-A (SAA) concentrations were greater (P = 0.05) in KN calves than BA and CT calves on days 0, 2, and 3, while BA calves had greater SAA concentrations on day 7 than KN and CT calves. The visual analog scores were greater (P < 0.01) in KN calves than BA, and in BA compared to CT calves. The KN calves tail flicked more (P < 0.01) than BA and CT calves, and NM calves tail flicked more (P = 0.03) than M calves. No castration or medication effect (P > 0.10) was observed for stride length, walking, standing, lying ventral, eating, foot stamping, head turning, lying and standing percentage, performance, platelets, or body temperature. Overall, knife castrated calves exhibited a greater acute pain response than band castrated calves. Meloxicam was able to reduce substance P concentrations, white blood cell counts and number of tail flicks after castration, suggesting that the drug was able to mitigate acute pain to some extent. However, meloxicam did not have an effect on the other physiological and behavioral parameters assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Meléndez
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Marti
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,IRTA Department of Ruminant Production, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E A Pajor
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D Moya
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - D Gellatly
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - E D Janzen
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Attiq A, Jalil J, Husain K, Ahmad W. Raging the War Against Inflammation With Natural Products. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:976. [PMID: 30245627 PMCID: PMC6137277 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decade Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are the drugs of choice for treating numerous inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. The NSAIDs produces anti-inflammatory activity via inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzyme, responsible for the conversation of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Likewise, cyclooxegenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2) selectively inhibit the COX-2 enzyme and produces significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activity without producing COX-1 associated gastrointestinal and renal side effects. In last two decades numerous selective COX-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) have been developed and approved for various inflammatory conditions. However, data from clinical trials have suggested that the prolong use of COX-2 inhibitors are also associated with life threatening cardiovascular side effects including ischemic heart failure and myocardial infection. In these scenario secondary metabolites from natural product offers a great hope for the development of novel anti-inflammatory compounds. Although majority of the natural product based compounds exhibit more selectively toward COX-1. However, the data suggest that slight structural modification can be helpful in developing COX-2 selective secondary metabolites with comparative efficacy and limited side effects. This review is an effort to highlight the secondary metabolites from terrestrial and marine source with significant COX-2 and COX-2 mediated PGE2 inhibitory activity, since it is anticipated that isolates with ability to inhibit COX-2 mediated PGE2 production would be useful in suppressing the inflammation and its classical sign and symptoms. Moreover, this review has highlighted the potential lead compounds including berberine, kaurenoic acid, α-cyperone, curcumin, and zedoarondiol for further development with the help of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and their current status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Attiq
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairana Husain
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
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38
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Debeuf N, Lambrecht BN. Eicosanoid Control Over Antigen Presenting Cells in Asthma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2006. [PMID: 30233591 PMCID: PMC6131302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common lung disease affecting 300 million people worldwide. Allergic asthma is recognized as a prototypical Th2 disorder, orchestrated by an aberrant adaptive CD4+ T helper (Th2/Th17) cell immune response against airborne allergens, that leads to eosinophilic inflammation, reversible bronchoconstriction, and mucus overproduction. Other forms of asthma are controlled by an eosinophil-rich innate ILC2 response driven by epithelial damage, whereas in some patients with more neutrophilia, the disease is driven by Th17 cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are crucial regulators of type 2 immunity in asthma. Numerous lipid mediators including the eicosanoids prostaglandins and leukotrienes influence key functions of these cells, leading to either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects on disease outcome. In this review, we will discuss how eicosanoids affect the functions of DCs and macrophages in the asthmatic lung and how this leads to aberrant T cell differentiation that causes disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nincy Debeuf
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Expression of E-prostanoid receptors in nasal polyp tissues of smoking and nonsmoking patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200989. [PMID: 30040868 PMCID: PMC6057645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different inflammatory reactions have been observed in the polyp tissues of nonsmokers and smokers with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). E-prostanoid (EP) receptors play a role in the inflammatory processes. Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure regulates EP-receptor expression levels promoting inflammatory mediator release from various inflammatory cells. In this study, we characterize the EP-receptor expression profiles in the polyps of nonsmoking and smoking CRS patients to explore the possible role of CS in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Methods Polyp biopsies were obtained from 28 non-smoking and 21 smoking CRSwNP patients. Histopathological characteristics were observed under a light microscope. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), TNF-α, and IL-8 contents in polyp tissues were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunostaining was used to locate EP receptors in polyps. Messenger RNA and protein expression of EP receptors were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Results More severe inflammatory reactions occurred in polyp tissues of smoking CRSwNP patients. The PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-8 in tissue homogenate levels were significantly higher in smoking CRSwNP patients than those in nonsmoking CRSwNP patients. Moreover, the distribution of each EP receptor subtype was similar in both groups. Compared with the EP-receptor expression in nonsmokers, messenger RNA and protein of EP2 and EP4 receptor were significantly down-expressed in smoking patients, but EP1 and EP3 receptors did not show significant differences. Conclusion CS exposure downregulates the expression levels of EP2 and EP4 receptors and stimulates the production of PGE2 and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 and TNF-α in polyp tissues of CRS patients. The down-expressed EP2 and EP4 receptors might be associated with severe inflammatory reactions in smoking CRSwNP patients.
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40
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Kaur S, Kumari P, Singh G, Bhatti R, Singh P. Design and Synthesis of Aza-/Oxa Heterocycle-Based Conjugates as Novel Anti-Inflammatory Agents Targeting Cyclooxygenase-2. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5825-5845. [PMID: 30023927 PMCID: PMC6044720 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A library of hybrid molecules was procured by the combination of triazine-indole adduct with morpholine/piperidine/pyrrolidine and pyrazole/pyrimidine/oxindole moieties. Enzyme immunoassays on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) identified compound 6 having an IC50 value of 20 nM for COX-2 and 3000 nM for COX-1. The significant reduction in the formation of prostaglandin E2 in the lipopolysaccharide-treated (COX-2-activated) human whole blood, almost no change in the production of thromboxane B2 in the calcium ionophore-treated (COX-1-activated) sample of human whole blood, and the mechanistic studies on Swiss albino mice ensured that compound 6 is selective for COX-2. The association constant (Ka) of compound 6 with COX-2 was found to be of the order of 0.48 × 106 M-1. The diffusion spectroscopy experiments and relaxation time (T1) calculations of compound 6 in the presence of COX-2 assisted in identifying the site-specific interactions of 6 with the enzyme, and these results fall into nice correlation with the theoretical data obtained from molecular docking and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies. With maximum tolerable dose >2000 mg kg-1, compound 6 made 68 and 32% reduction in formalin-induced analgesia and carrageenan-induced inflammation in Swiss albino mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeet Kaur
- Department
of Chemistry—Centre for Advanced Studies and Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev
University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Priya Kumari
- Department
of Chemistry—Centre for Advanced Studies and Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev
University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department
of Chemistry—Centre for Advanced Studies and Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev
University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department
of Chemistry—Centre for Advanced Studies and Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev
University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Palwinder Singh
- Department
of Chemistry—Centre for Advanced Studies and Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev
University, Amritsar 143005, India
- E-mail: (P.S.)
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for gastrointestinal cancer and other diseases. Most studies have focused on cytokines and chemokines as mediators connecting chronic inflammation to cancer, whereas the involvement of lipid mediators, including prostanoids, has not been extensively investigated. Prostanoids are among the earliest signaling molecules released in response to inflammation. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that prostanoids are involved in gastrointestinal cancer. In this Review, we discuss how prostanoids impact gastrointestinal cancer development. In particular, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of how prostaglandin E2 induces the immunosuppressive microenvironment in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Raymond N DuBois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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42
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Ekanayaka SA, McClellan SA, Barrett RP, Hazlett LD. Topical Glycyrrhizin Is Therapeutic for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2018; 34:239-249. [PMID: 29236588 PMCID: PMC5899296 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glycyrrhizin (GLY), an inhibitor of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protects prophylactically against Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. However, the therapeutic potential of GLY to enhance an antibiotic has not been tested and is our purpose. METHODS C57BL/6 mice (B6) were infected with a clinical isolate (KEI 1025) of P. aeruginosa and treated topically at 6 h postinfection (p.i.) with GLY or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Clinical scores, photography with a slit lamp, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, myeloperoxidase assay, bacterial plate counts, histopathology, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) assays, and in vitro macrophage (Mφ) stimulation assays were used to assess effects of GLY treatment. In separate similar experiments, the ability of GLY to bioenhance the antibiotic, tobramycin (TOB), was assessed. RESULTS In vivo, GLY versus PBS topical treatment began at 6 h p.i., improved disease outcome by significantly reducing clinical scores, proinflammatory proteins (HMGB1, RAGE, TLR4, TNF-α, and CXCL2), neutrophil infiltrate, bacterial load, ROS/RNS, and nitric oxide. In vitro, GLY downregulated iNOS and COX-2 expression (mRNA) in both mouse and human (THP-1) Mφ. At 6 and 24 h p.i., treatment with GLY enhanced the effects of TOB compared with TOB alone by significantly reducing corneal bacterial load and/or protein levels of cytokines CXCL2 and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS Data provide evidence that GLY is not only therapeutic for Pseudomonas keratitis through its ability to reduce HMGB1, bacterial load, and oxidative damage but also through its bioenhancement of an antibiotic, even when treatment is initiated at 24 h after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandamali A Ekanayaka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sharon A McClellan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ronald P Barrett
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Linda D Hazlett
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
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Revathikumar P, Estelius J, Karmakar U, Le Maître E, Korotkova M, Jakobsson PJ, Lampa J. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 gene deletion impairs neuro-immune circuitry of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in endotoxaemic mouse spleen. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193210. [PMID: 29470537 PMCID: PMC5823444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is an innate neural reflex where parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves work jointly to control inflammation. Activation of CAP by vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has paved way for novel therapeutic strategies in treating inflammatory diseases. Recently, we discovered that VNS mediated splenic acetylcholine (ACh) release and subsequent immunosuppression in response to LPS associated inflammation is impaired in mice lacking microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) expression, a key enzyme responsible for prostaglandin E2 synthesis. Here, we have further investigated the consequences of mPGES-1 deficiency on various molecular/cellular events in the spleen which is critical for the optimal functioning of VNS in endotoxaemic mice. First, VNS induced splenic norepinephrine (NE) release in both mPGES-1 (+/+) and (-/-) mice. Compared to mPGES-1 (+/+), immunomodulatory effects of NE on cytokines were strongly compromised in mPGES-1 (-/-) splenocytes. Interestingly, while LPS increased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) protein level in mPGES-1 (+/+) splenocytes, it failed to exert similar effects in mPGES-1 (-/-) splenocytes despite unaltered β2 AR protein expression. In addition, nicotine inhibited TNFα release by LPS activated mPGES-1 (+/+) splenocytes in vitro. However, such immunosuppressive effects of nicotine were reversed both in mPGES-1 (-/-) mouse splenocytes and human PBMC treated with mPGES-1 inhibitor. In summary, our data implicate PGE2 as an important mediator of ACh synthesis and noradrenergic/cholinergic molecular events in the spleen that constitute a crucial part of the CAP immune regulation. Our results suggest a possible link between cholinergic and PG system of CAP that may be of clinical significance in VNS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Revathikumar
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Estelius
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Utsa Karmakar
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erwan Le Maître
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Korotkova
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Lampa
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Li X, Mazaleuskaya LL, Ballantyne LL, Meng H, FitzGerald GA, Funk CD. Genomic and lipidomic analyses differentiate the compensatory roles of two COX isoforms during systemic inflammation in mice. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:102-112. [PMID: 29180443 PMCID: PMC5748501 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m080028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Both cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, encoded by Ptgs1 and Ptgs2, function coordinately during inflammation. But the relative contributions and compensations of COX-1 and COX-2 to inflammatory responses remain unanswered. We used three engineered mouse lines where the Ptgs1 and Ptgs2 genes substitute for one another to discriminate the distinct roles and interchangeability of COX isoforms during systemic inflammation. In macrophages, kidneys, and lungs, "flipped" Ptgs genes generate a "reversed" COX expression pattern, where the knock-in COX-2 is expressed constitutively and the knock-in COX-1 is lipopolysaccharide inducible. A panel of eicosanoids detected in serum and kidney demonstrates that prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis requires native COX-1 and cannot be rescued by the knock-in COX-2. Our data further reveal preferential compensation of COX isoforms for prostanoid production in macrophages and throughout the body, as reflected by urinary PG metabolites. NanoString analysis indicates that inflammatory networks can be maintained by isoform substitution in inflamed macrophages. However, COX-1>COX-2 macrophages show reduced activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, indicating that COX-1 may be replaced by COX-2 within this complex milieu, but not vice versa. Collectively, each COX isoform plays a distinct role subject to subcellular environment and tissue/cell-specific conditions, leading to subtle compensatory differences during systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liudmila L Mazaleuskaya
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laurel L Ballantyne
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hu Meng
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Colin D Funk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Farahmand L, Darvishi B, Majidzadeh-A K. Suppression of chronic inflammation with engineered nanomaterials delivering nuclear factor κB transcription factor decoy oligodeoxynucleotides. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1249-1261. [PMID: 28870118 PMCID: PMC8240980 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1370511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a prototypical pro-inflammatory transcription factor, constitutive activation of NF-κB signaling pathway has been reported in several chronic inflammatory disorders including inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Application of decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) against NF-κB, as an effective molecular therapy approach, has brought about several promising outcomes in treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders. However, systematic administration of these genetic constructs is mostly hampered due to their instability, rapid degradation by nucleases and poor cellular uptake. Both chemical modification and application of delivery systems have shown to effectively overcome some of these limitations. Among different administered delivery systems, nanomaterials have gained much attention for delivering NF-κB decoy ODNs owing to their high loading capacity, targeted delivery and ease of synthesis. In this review, we highlight some of the most recently developed nanomaterial-based delivery systems for overcoming limitations associated with clinical application of these genetic constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Farahmand
- a Recombinant Proteins Department , Motamed Breast Cancer Research Center, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- a Recombinant Proteins Department , Motamed Breast Cancer Research Center, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- b Genetics Department , Motamed Breast Cancer Research Center, ACECR , Tehran , Iran.,c Tasnim Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine , AJA University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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In Vitro Effect of 3D Plates Used for Surgical Treatment of Condylar Fractures on Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and Thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) Concentration in THP-1 Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122638. [PMID: 29292766 PMCID: PMC5751241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown promising results concerning the effectiveness of 3D plates in terms of stabilization of condylar fractures. Despite the use of new techniques and new materials, we can still observe certain side effects, including the immune reaction of the body, which may lead to the excessive inflammation. The aim of this paper was to determine how the production of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) in THP-1 monocytes/macrophages is influenced by the titanium 3D plates and dedicated screws. The experiments were conducted on THP-1 monocytic cell line and macrophages derived from a THP-1cells. The concentrations of PGE₂ and TXB₂ released were measured by using immunoassay kit. Verification of plate-induced activation of THP-1 monocytes and macrophages and initiation of inflammatory reaction was conducted by flow cytometry. Despite some differences in the content of the implant devices our results showed that these plates did not statistically significantly increase the production of these prostanoids. Osteosynthesis of condylar fractures using 3D titanium mini-plates seems to be a good alternative to traditional plates due to their lack of stimulating the cyclooxygenase-dependent production of prostanoids; limiting the development of inflammatory reactions.
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47
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Kim JY, Choi GE, Yoo HJ, Kim HS. Interferon Potentiates Toll-Like Receptor-Induced Prostaglandin D 2 Production through Positive Feedback Regulation between Signal Transducer and Activators of Transcription 1 and Reactive Oxygen Species. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1720. [PMID: 29255467 PMCID: PMC5723016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a potent lipid mediator that controls inflammation, and its dysregulation has been implicated in diverse inflammatory disorders. Despite significant progress made in understanding the role of PGD2 as a key regulator of immune responses, the molecular mechanism underlying PGD2 production remains unclear, particularly upon challenge with different and multiple inflammatory stimuli. Interferons (IFNs) potentiate macrophage activation and act in concert with exogenous inflammatory mediators such as toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands to amplify inflammatory responses. A recent study found that IFN-γ enhanced lipopolysaccharide-induced PGD2 production, indicating a role of IFNs in PGD2 regulation. Here, we demonstrate that TLR-induced PGD2 production by macrophages was significantly potentiated by signaling common to IFN-β and IFN-γ in a signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT)1-dependent mechanism. Such potentiation by IFNs was also observed for PGE2 production, despite the differential regulation of PGD synthase and PGE synthase isoforms mediating PGD2 and PGE2 production under inflammatory conditions. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was remarkably potentiated by IFNs and required for PGD2 production, but was nullified by STAT1 deficiency. Conversely, the regulation of STAT1 level and activity by IFNs was largely dependent on ROS levels. Using a model of zymosan-induced peritonitis, the relevance of this finding in vivo was supported by marked inhibition of PGD2 and ROS produced in peritoneal exudate cells by STAT1 deficiency. Collectively, our findings suggest that IFNs, although not activating on their own, are potent amplifiers of TLR-induced PGD2 production via positive-feedback regulation between STAT1 and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Go-Eun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Biomedical Research Center, Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hun Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Cellular Dysfunction Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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48
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Kakouros N, Gluckman TJ, Conte JV, Kickler TS, Laws K, Barton BA, Rade JJ. Differential Impact of Serial Measurement of Nonplatelet Thromboxane Generation on Long-Term Outcome After Cardiac Surgery. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.007486. [PMID: 29097390 PMCID: PMC5721801 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic thromboxane generation, not suppressible by standard aspirin therapy and likely arising from nonplatelet sources, increases the risk of atherothrombosis and death in patients with cardiovascular disease. In the RIGOR (Reduction in Graft Occlusion Rates) study, greater nonplatelet thromboxane generation occurred early compared with late after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, although only the latter correlated with graft failure. We hypothesize that a similar differential association exists between nonplatelet thromboxane generation and long-term clinical outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS Five-year outcome data were analyzed for 290 RIGOR subjects taking aspirin with suppressed platelet thromboxane generation. Multivariable modeling was performed to define the relative predictive value of the urine thromboxane metabolite, 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11-dhTXB2), measured 3 days versus 6 months after surgery on the composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, revascularization or stroke, and death alone. 11-dhTXB2 measured 3 days after surgery did not independently predict outcome, whereas 11-dhTXB2 >450 pg/mg creatinine measured 6 months after surgery predicted the composite end point (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.79; P=0.02) and death (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.90; P=0.01) at 5 years compared with lower values. Additional modeling revealed 11-dhTXB2 measured early after surgery associated with several markers of inflammation, in contrast to 11-dhTXB2 measured 6 months later, which highly associated with oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Long-term nonplatelet thromboxane generation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a novel risk factor for 5-year adverse outcome, including death. In contrast, nonplatelet thromboxane generation in the early postoperative period appears to be driven predominantly by inflammation and did not independently predict long-term clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruce A Barton
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Jeffrey J Rade
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA .,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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49
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Can Early Omega-3 Fatty Acid Exposure Reduce Risk of Childhood Allergic Disease? Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070784. [PMID: 28754005 PMCID: PMC5537898 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A causal link between increased intake of omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and increased incidence of allergic disease has been suggested. This is supported by biologically plausible mechanisms, related to the roles of eicosanoid mediators produced from the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid. Fish and fish oils are sources of long chain omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs. These fatty acids act to oppose the actions of n-6 PUFAs particularly with regard to eicosanoid synthesis. Thus, n-3 PUFAs may protect against allergic sensitisation and allergic manifestations. Epidemiological studies investigating the association between maternal fish intake during pregnancy and allergic outcomes in infants/children of those pregnancies suggest protective associations, but the findings are inconsistent. Fish oil provision to pregnant women is associated with immunologic changes in cord blood. Studies performed to date indicate that provision of fish oil during pregnancy may reduce sensitisation to common food allergens and reduce prevalence and severity of atopic eczema in the first year of life, with a possible persistence until adolescence. A recent study reported that fish oil consumption in pregnancy reduces persistent wheeze and asthma in the offspring at ages 3 to 5 years. Eating oily fish or fish oil supplementation in pregnancy may be a strategy to prevent infant and childhood allergic disease.
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50
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Nanoparticulate Tubular Immunostimulating Complexes: Novel Formulation of Effective Adjuvants and Antigen Delivery Systems. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4389525. [PMID: 28808657 PMCID: PMC5541816 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4389525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New generation vaccines, based on isolated antigens, are safer than traditional ones, comprising the whole pathogen. However, major part of purified antigens has weak immunogenicity. Therefore, elaboration of new adjuvants, more effective and safe, is an urgent problem of vaccinology. Tubular immunostimulating complexes (TI-complexes) are a new type of nanoparticulate antigen delivery systems with adjuvant activity. TI-complexes consist of cholesterol and compounds isolated from marine hydrobionts: cucumarioside A2-2 (CDA) from Cucumaria japonica and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) from marine algae or seagrass. These components were selected due to immunomodulatory and other biological activities. Glycolipid MGDG from marine macrophytes comprises a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which demonstrate immunomodulatory properties. CDA is a well-characterized individual compound capable of forming stable complex with cholesterol. Such complexes do not possess hemolytic activity. Ultralow doses of cucumariosides stimulate cell as well as humoral immunity. Therefore, TI-complexes comprising biologically active components turned out to be more effective than the strongest adjuvants: immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs) and complete Freund's adjuvant. In the present review, we discuss results published in series of our articles on elaboration, qualitative and quantitative composition, ultrastructure, and immunostimulating activity of TI-complexes. The review allows immersion in the history of creating TI-complexes.
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