1
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Yang D, Xu K, Xu X, Xu P. Revisiting prostaglandin E2: A promising therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. Clin Immunol 2024; 260:109904. [PMID: 38262526 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease characterized by cartilage degeneration and persistent pain. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a significant role in OA inflammation and pain. Recent studies have revealed the significant role of PGE2-mediated skeletal interoception in the progression of OA, providing new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of OA. This aspect also deserves special attention in this review. Additionally, PGE2 is directly involved in pathologic processes including aberrant subchondral bone remodeling, cartilage degeneration, and synovial inflammation. Therefore, celecoxib, a commonly used drug to alleviate inflammatory pain through inhibiting PGE2, serves not only as an analgesic for OA but also as a potential disease-modifying drug. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the discovery history, synthesis and release pathways, and common physiological roles of PGE2. We discuss the roles of PGE2 and celecoxib in OA and pain from skeletal interoception and multiple perspectives. The purpose of this review is to highlight PGE2-mediated skeletal interoception and refresh our understanding of celecoxib in the pathogenesis and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinglong Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China.
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2
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Gu M, Yu Y, Xue M, Jiang J, Cai J. The discovery of cyclic γ-AApeptides as the promising ligands targeting EP2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 87:129255. [PMID: 36965536 PMCID: PMC10141659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
EP2 is a G protein-coupled receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) derived from cell membrane-released arachidonic acid upon various harmful and injurious stimuli. It is commomly upregulated in tumors and injured brain tissues, as its activation by PGE2 is widely believed to be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these conditions via promoting pro-inflammatory reactions. Herein, we report the discovery of two novel macrocyclic peptidomimetics based on the screening of a cyclic γ-AApeptides combinatorial library. These two cyclic γ-AApeptides showed excellent binding affinity with the EP2 protein, and they may lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents and/or molecular probes to modulate the PGE2/EP2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Menglin Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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3
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Del Prete A, Salvi V, Soriani A, Laffranchi M, Sozio F, Bosisio D, Sozzani S. Dendritic cell subsets in cancer immunity and tumor antigen sensing. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:432-447. [PMID: 36949244 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) exhibit a specialized antigen-presenting function and play crucial roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Due to their ability to cross-present tumor cell-associated antigens to naïve T cells, DCs are instrumental in the generation of specific T-cell-mediated antitumor effector responses in the control of tumor growth and tumor cell dissemination. Within an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, DC antitumor functions can, however, be severely impaired. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of DC capture and activation by tumor cell antigens and the role of the tumor microenvironment in shaping DC functions, taking advantage of recent studies showing the phenotype acquisition, transcriptional state and functional programs revealed by scRNA-seq analysis. The therapeutic potential of DC-mediated tumor antigen sensing in priming antitumor immunity is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Laffranchi
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sozio
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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4
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Guo SW. Cracking the enigma of adenomyosis: an update on its pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Reproduction 2022; 164:R101-R121. [PMID: 36099328 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In brief Traditionally viewed as enigmatic and elusive, adenomyosis is a fairly common gynecological disease but is under-recognized and under-researched. This review summarizes the latest development on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of adenomyosis, which have important implications for imaging diagnosis of the disease and for the development of non-hormonal therapeutics. Abstract Traditionally considered as an enigmatic disease, adenomyosis is a uterine disease that affects many women of reproductive age and is a contributing factor for pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), and subfertility. In this review, the new development in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of adenomyosis has been summarized, along with their clinical implications. After reviewing the progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis and describing the prevailing theories, in conjunction with their deficiencies, a new hypothesis, called endometrial-myometrial interface disruption (EMID), which is backed by extensive epidemiologic data and demonstrated by a mouse model, is reviewed, along with recent data implicating the role of Schwann cells in the EMI area in the genesis of adenomyosis. Additionally, the natural history of adenomyotic lesions is elaborated and underscores that, in essence, adenomyotic lesions are fundamentally wounds undergoing repeated tissue injury and repair (ReTIAR), which progress to fibrosis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation, and smooth muscle metaplasia. Increasing lesional fibrosis propagates into the neighboring EMI and endometrium. The increased endometrial fibrosis, with ensuing greater tissue stiffness, results in attenuated prostaglandin E2, hypoxia signaling and glycolysis, impairing endometrial repair and causing HMB. Compared with adenomyosis-associated HMB, the mechanisms underlying adenomyosis-associated pain are less understood but presumably involve increased uterine contractility, hyperinnervation, increased lesional production of pain mediators, and central sensitization. Viewed through the prism of ReTIAR, a new imaging technique can be used to diagnose adenomyosis more accurately and informatively and possibly help to choose the best treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Thumkeo D, Punyawatthananukool S, Prasongtanakij S, Matsuura R, Arima K, Nie H, Yamamoto R, Aoyama N, Hamaguchi H, Sugahara S, Takeda S, Charoensawan V, Tanaka A, Sakaguchi S, Narumiya S. PGE 2-EP2/EP4 signaling elicits immunosuppression by driving the mregDC-Treg axis in inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110914. [PMID: 35675777 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Active inflammation generally promotes immune activation. However, in the tumor microenvironment (TME), active inflammation occurs in parallel with immunosuppression, and both contribute to tumor growth. Why inflammation does not lead to immune activation in TME remains unclear. In this study, using the immune checkpoint inhibitor-insensitive mouse cancer model and single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that PGE2-EP2/EP4 signaling simultaneously promotes active inflammation by inducing expression of the NF-κB genes in myeloid cells and elicits immunosuppression by driving the mregDC (mature DC enriched in immunoregulatory molecules)-Treg (regulatory T cell) axis for Treg recruitment and activation in the tumor. Importantly, the EP2/EP4 expression level is strongly correlated with the gene signatures of both active inflammation and the mregDC-Treg axis and has significant prognosis value in various human cancers. Thus, PGE2-EP2/EP4 signaling functions as the key regulatory node linking active inflammation and immunosuppression in TME, which can be targeted by EP2 and EP4 antagonists for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Thumkeo
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | | | - Somsak Prasongtanakij
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryuma Matsuura
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kentaro Arima
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Huan Nie
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Rie Yamamoto
- Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Naohiro Aoyama
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hisao Hamaguchi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Shingo Sugahara
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Shinobu Takeda
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Varodom Charoensawan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; System Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Integrative Computational BioScience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; AMED-FORCE, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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6
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Khan M, Engström C, Bourghardt Fagman J, Smedh U, Lundholm K, Iresjö BM. Reduced tumor growth in EP2 knockout mice is related to signaling pathways favoring an increased local anti‑tumor immunity in the tumor stroma. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:118. [PMID: 35543149 PMCID: PMC9115633 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory signaling through prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype 2 (EP2) is associated with malignant tumor growth in both experimental models and cancer patients. Thus, the absence of EP2 receptors in host tissues appears to reduce tumor growth and systemic inflammation by inducing major alterations in gene expression levels across tumor tissue compartments. However, it is not yet well‑established how signaling pathways in tumor tissue relate to simultaneous signaling alterations in the surrounding tumor‑stroma, at conditions of reduced disease progression due to decreased host inflammation. In the present study, wild‑type tumor cells, producing high levels of prostaglandin E2 (MCG 101 cells, EP2+/+), were inoculated into EP2 knockout (EP2‑/‑) and EP2 wild‑type (EP2+/+) mice. Solid tumors were dissected into tumor‑ and tumor‑stroma tissue compartments for RNA expression microarray screening, followed by metabolic pathway analyses. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm adequate dissections of tissue compartments, and to assess cell proliferation (Ki‑67), prostaglandin enzymes (cyclooxygenase 2) and immunity biomarkers (CD4 and CD8) at the protein level. Microarray analyses revealed statistically significant alterations in gene expression in the tumor‑stroma compartment, while significantly less pathway alterations occurred in the tumor tissue compartment. The host knockout of EP2 receptors led to a significant downregulation of cell cycle regulatory factors in the tumor‑stroma compartment, while interferon γ‑related pathways, chemokine signaling pathways and anti‑tumor chemokines [chemokine (C‑X‑C motif) ligand 9 and 10] were upregulated in the tumor compartment. Thus, such gene alterations were likely related to reduced tumor growth in EP2‑deficient hosts. On the whole, pathway analyses of both tumor‑ and tumor‑stroma compartments suggested that absence of host EP2 receptor signaling reduces 'remodeling' of tumor microenvironments and increase local immunity, probably by decreased productions of stimulating growth factors, perhaps similar to well‑recognized physiological observations in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Khan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engström
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bourghardt Fagman
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Smedh
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kent Lundholm
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Iresjö
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Wang D, Cabalag CS, Clemons NJ, DuBois RN. Cyclooxygenases and Prostaglandins in Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment of Gastrointestinal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1813-1829. [PMID: 34606846 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a known risk factor for gastrointestinal cancer. The evidence that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suppress the incidence, growth, and metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer supports the concept that a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug target, cyclooxygenase, and its downstream bioactive lipid products may provide one of the links between inflammation and cancer. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway can promote gastrointestinal cancer development. Although the role of this pathway in cancer has been investigated extensively for 2 decades, only recent studies have described its effects on host defenses against transformed epithelial cells. Overcoming tumor-immune evasion remains one of the major challenges in cancer immunotherapy. This review summarizes the impacts of the cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway on gastrointestinal cancer development. Our focus was to highlight recent advances in our understanding of how this pathway induces tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carlos S Cabalag
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Raymond N DuBois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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8
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Sluter MN, Hou R, Li L, Yasmen N, Yu Y, Liu J, Jiang J. EP2 Antagonists (2011-2021): A Decade's Journey from Discovery to Therapeutics. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11816-11836. [PMID: 34352171 PMCID: PMC8455147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of health disasters associated with the chronic use of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor drugs, it has been widely proposed that modulation of downstream prostanoid synthases or receptors might provide more specificity than simply shutting down the entire COX cascade for anti-inflammatory benefits. The pathogenic actions of COX-2 have long been thought attributable to the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling through its Gαs-coupled EP2 receptor subtype; however, the truly selective EP2 antagonists did not emerge until 2011. These small molecules provide game-changing tools to better understand the EP2 receptor in inflammation-associated conditions. Their applications in preclinical models also reshape our knowledge of PGE2/EP2 signaling as a node of inflammation in health and disease. As we celebrate the 10-year anniversary of this breakthrough, the exploration of their potential as drug candidates for next-generation anti-inflammatory therapies has just begun. The first decade of EP2 antagonists passes, while their future looks brighter than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N Sluter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Ruida Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Lexiao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Nelufar Yasmen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Jiawang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Office of Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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9
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Nasry WHS, Martin CK. Intersecting Mechanisms of Hypoxia and Prostaglandin E2-Mediated Inflammation in the Comparative Biology of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:539361. [PMID: 34094895 PMCID: PMC8175905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.539361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of cancer was first proposed by Rudolph Virchow over 150 years ago, and our understanding of its significance has grown over decades of biomedical research. The arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation, including cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, PGE2 synthase enzymes, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGE2 receptors has been extensively studied and has been associated with different diseases and different types of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition to inflammation in the tumour microenvironment, low oxygen levels (hypoxia) within tumours have also been shown to contribute to tumour progression. Understandably, most of our OSCC knowledge comes from study of this aggressive cancer in human patients and in experimental rodent models. However, domestic animals develop OSCC spontaneously and this is an important, and difficult to treat, form of cancer in veterinary medicine. The primary goal of this review article is to explore the available evidence regarding interaction between hypoxia and the arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation during malignant behaviour of OSCC. Overlapping mechanisms in hypoxia and inflammation can contribute to tumour growth, angiogenesis, and, importantly, resistance to therapy. The benefits and controversies of anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic therapies for human and animal OSCC patients will be discussed, including conventional pharmaceutical agents as well as natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamed Shaker Nasry
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
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10
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Pietrobon V, Cesano A, Marincola F, Kather JN. Next Generation Imaging Techniques to Define Immune Topographies in Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604967. [PMID: 33584676 PMCID: PMC7873485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cancer immunotherapy experienced remarkable developments and it is nowadays considered a promising therapeutic frontier against many types of cancer, especially hematological malignancies. However, in most types of solid tumors, immunotherapy efficacy is modest, partly because of the limited accessibility of lymphocytes to the tumor core. This immune exclusion is mediated by a variety of physical, functional and dynamic barriers, which play a role in shaping the immune infiltrate in the tumor microenvironment. At present there is no unified and integrated understanding about the role played by different postulated models of immune exclusion in human solid tumors. Systematically mapping immune landscapes or "topographies" in cancers of different histology is of pivotal importance to characterize spatial and temporal distribution of lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment, providing insights into mechanisms of immune exclusion. Spatially mapping immune cells also provides quantitative information, which could be informative in clinical settings, for example for the discovery of new biomarkers that could guide the design of patient-specific immunotherapies. In this review, we aim to summarize current standard and next generation approaches to define Cancer Immune Topographies based on published studies and propose future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jakob Nikolas Kather
- Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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11
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Husain K, Williamson TT, Nelson N, Ghansah T. Protein kinase 2 (CK2): a potential regulator of immune cell development and function in cancer. Immunol Med 2020; 44:159-174. [PMID: 33164702 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2020.1843267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2, formally known as casein kinase II, is ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved serine/threonine or tyrosine kinase enzyme that regulates diverse signaling pathways responsible for cellular processes (i.e., cell proliferation and apoptosis) via interactions with over 500 known substrates. The enzyme's physiological interactions and cellular functions have been widely studied, most notably in the blood and solid malignancies. CK2 has intrinsic role in carcinogenesis as overexpression of CK2 subunits (α, α`, and β) and deregulation of its activity have been linked to various forms of cancers. CK2 also has extrinsic role in cancer stroma or in the tumor microenvironment (TME) including the immune cells. However, very few research studies have focused on extrinsic role of CK2 in regulating immune responses as a therapeutic alternative for cancer. The following review discusses CK2's regulation of key signaling events [Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α), Cyclooygenase-2 (COX-2), Extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK), Notch, Protein kinase B/AKT, Ikaros and Wnt] that can influence the development and function of immune cells in cancer. Potential clinical trials using potent CK2 inhibitors will facilitate and improve the treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Husain
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tanika T Williamson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nadine Nelson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tomar Ghansah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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12
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Picado C, Roca-Ferrer J. Role of the Cyclooxygenase Pathway in the Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103237. [PMID: 33050416 PMCID: PMC7601393 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to examine the findings that link obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with cancer and the role played by the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway in this association. Epidemiological studies in humans suggest a link between OSA and increased cancer incidence and mortality. Studies carried out in animal models have shown that intermittent hypoxia (IH) induces changes in several signaling pathways involved in the regulation of host immunological surveillance that results in tumor establishment and invasion. IH induces the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) that results in an increased synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 modulates the function of multiple cells involved in immune responses including T lymphocytes, NK cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In a mouse model blockage of COX-2/PGE2 abrogated the pro-oncogenic effects of IH. Despite the fact that aspirin inhibits PGE2 production and prevents the development of cancer, none of the epidemiological studies that investigated the association of OSA and cancer included aspirin use in the analysis. Studies are needed to investigate the regulation of the COX-2/PGE2 pathway and PGE2 production in patients with OSA, to better define the role of this axis in the physiopathology of OSA and the potential role of aspirin in preventing the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Picado
- Hospital Clinic, Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-67-947-3675; Fax: +34-93-227-2634
| | - Jordi Roca-Ferrer
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Zhu S, Yang N, Wu J, Wang X, Wang W, Liu YJ, Chen J. Tumor microenvironment-related dendritic cell deficiency: a target to enhance tumor immunotherapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104980. [PMID: 32504832 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), as specialized antigen-presenting cells, are essential for the initiation of specific T cell responses in innate antitumor immunity and, in certain cases, support humoral responses to inhibit tumor development. Mounting evidence suggests that the DC system displays a broad spectrum of dysfunctional status in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which ultimately affects antitumor immune responses. DC-based therapy can restore the function of DCs in the TME, thus showing a promising potential in tumor therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the DC deficiency caused by various factors in the TME and discuss proposed strategies to reverse DC deficiency and the applications of novel combinatorial DC-based therapy for immune normalization of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Jingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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14
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Harnessing cancer immunotherapy during the unexploited immediate perioperative period. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:313-326. [PMID: 32066936 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immediate perioperative period (days before and after surgery) is hypothesized to be crucial in determining long-term cancer outcomes: during this short period, numerous factors, including excess stress and inflammatory responses, tumour-cell shedding and pro-angiogenic and/or growth factors, might facilitate the progression of pre-existing micrometastases and the initiation of new metastases, while simultaneously jeopardizing immune control over residual malignant cells. Thus, application of anticancer immunotherapy during this critical time frame could potentially improve patient outcomes. Nevertheless, this strategy has rarely been implemented to date. In this Perspective, we discuss apparent contraindications for the perioperative use of cancer immunotherapy, suggest safe immunotherapeutic and other anti-metastatic approaches during this important time frame and specify desired characteristics of such interventions. These characteristics include a rapid onset of immune activation, avoidance of tumour-promoting effects, no or minimal increase in surgical risk, resilience to stress-related factors and minimal induction of stress responses. Pharmacological control of excess perioperative stress-inflammatory responses has been shown to be clinically feasible and could potentially be combined with immune stimulation to overcome the direct pro-metastatic effects of surgery, prevent immune suppression and enhance immunostimulatory responses. Accordingly, we believe that certain types of immunotherapy, together with interventions to abrogate stress-inflammatory responses, should be evaluated in conjunction with surgery and, for maximal effectiveness, could be initiated before administration of adjuvant therapies. Such strategies might improve the overall success of cancer treatment.
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15
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Nguyen KB, Spranger S. Modulation of the immune microenvironment by tumor-intrinsic oncogenic signaling. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201908224. [PMID: 31816057 PMCID: PMC7039199 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201908224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer immunotherapies has been guided by advances in our understanding of the dynamics between tumor cells and immune populations. An emerging consensus is that immune control of tumors is mediated by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, which directly recognize and kill tumor cells. The critical role of T cells in tumor control has been underscored by preclinical and clinical studies that observed that T cell presence is positively correlated with patient response to checkpoint blockade therapy. However, the vast majority of patients do not respond or develop resistance, frequently associated with exclusion of T cells from the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on tumor cell-intrinsic alterations that blunt productive anti-tumor immune responses by directly or indirectly excluding effector CD8+ T cells from the tumor microenvironment. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between tumors and the immune response holds the promise for increasing the response to current immunotherapies via the development of rational novel combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Bich Nguyen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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17
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Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitor therapy (CIT) has revolutionized cancer treatment but it has also reached a standstill when an absent dialog between cancer and immune cells makes it irrelevant. This occurs with high prevalence in the context of "immune silent" and, even perhaps, "immune-excluded" tumors. The latter are characterized by T cells restricted to the periphery of cancer nests. Since in either case T cells do not come in direct contact with most cancer cells, CIT rests immaterial. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), may also be affected by limited access to antigen-bearing cancer cells. While lack of immunogenicity intuitively explains the immune silent phenotype, immune exclusion is perplexing. The presence of T cells at the periphery suggests that chemo-attraction recruits them and an immunogenic stimulus promotes their persistence. However, what stops the T cells from infiltrating the tumors' nests and reaching the germinal center (GC)? Possibly, a concentric gradient of increased chemo-repulsion or decreased chemo-attraction demarcates an abrupt "do not trespass" warning. Various hypotheses suggest physical or functional barriers but no definitive consensus exists over the weight that each plays in human cancers. On one hand, it could be hypothesized that the intrinsic biology of cancer cells may degenerate from a "cancer stem cell" (CSC)-like phenotype in the GC toward a progressively more immunogenic phenotype prone to immunogenic cell death (ICD) at the periphery. On the other hand, the intrinsic biology of the cancer cells may not change but it is the disorderly architecture of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that alters in a centripetal direction cancer cell metabolism, both directly and indirectly, the function of surrounding stromal cells. In this chapter, we examine whether the paradoxical exclusion of T cells from tumors may serve as a model to understand the requirements for tumor immune infiltration and, correspondingly, we put forth strategies to restore the dialog between immune cells and cancer to enhance the effectiveness of immune oncology (IO) approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Pai
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Crispen PL, Kusmartsev S. Mechanisms of immune evasion in bladder cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 69:3-14. [PMID: 31811337 PMCID: PMC6949323 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With the introduction of multiple new agents, the role of immunotherapy is rapidly expanding across all malignancies. Bladder cancer is known to be immunogenic and is responsive to immunotherapy including intravesical BCG and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Multiple trials have addressed the role of checkpoint inhibitors in advanced bladder cancer, including atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab (all targeting the PD1/PD-L1 pathway). While these trials have demonstrated promising results and improvements over existing therapies, less than half of patients with advanced disease demonstrate clinical benefit from checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Recent breakthroughs in cancer biology and immunology have led to an improved understanding of the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the host’s immune system. It appears that tumors promote the formation of highly immunosuppressive microenvironments preventing generation of effective anti-tumor immune response through multiple mechanisms. Therefore, reconditioning of the tumor microenvironment and restoration of the competent immune response is essential for achieving optimal efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we aim to discuss the major mechanisms of immune evasion in bladder cancer and highlight novel pathways and molecular targets that may help to attenuate tumor-induced immune tolerance, overcome resistance to immunotherapy and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Crispen
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Dr, PO BOX 100247, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sergei Kusmartsev
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Dr, PO BOX 100247, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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19
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Chrisikos TT, Zhou Y, Slone N, Babcock R, Watowich SS, Li HS. Molecular regulation of dendritic cell development and function in homeostasis, inflammation, and cancer. Mol Immunol 2019; 110:24-39. [PMID: 29549977 PMCID: PMC6139080 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the principal antigen-presenting cells of the immune system and play key roles in controlling immune tolerance and activation. As such, DCs are chief mediators of tumor immunity. DCs can regulate tolerogenic immune responses that facilitate unchecked tumor growth. Importantly, however, DCs also mediate immune-stimulatory activity that restrains tumor progression. For instance, emerging evidence indicates the cDC1 subset has important functions in delivering tumor antigens to lymph nodes and inducing antigen-specific lymphocyte responses to tumors. Moreover, DCs control specific therapeutic responses in cancer including those resulting from immune checkpoint blockade. DC generation and function is influenced profoundly by cytokines, as well as their intracellular signaling proteins including STAT transcription factors. Regardless, our understanding of DC regulation in the cytokine-rich tumor microenvironment is still developing and must be better defined to advance cancer treatment. Here, we review literature focused on the molecular control of DCs, with a particular emphasis on cytokine- and STAT-mediated DC regulation. In addition, we highlight recent studies that delineate the importance of DCs in anti-tumor immunity and immune therapy, with the overall goal of improving knowledge of tumor-associated factors and intrinsic DC signaling cascades that influence DC function in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor T Chrisikos
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Natalie Slone
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rachel Babcock
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie S Watowich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Haiyan S Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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20
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Jia XY, Chang Y, Sun XJ, Wei F, Wu YJ, Dai X, Xu S, Wu HX, Wang C, Yang XZ, Wei W. Regulatory effects of paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) on dendritic cells maturation and activation via PGE2-EP4 signaling in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:997-1010. [PMID: 30771056 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease. Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the most powerful antigen-presenting cells, and they play an important role in RA pathogenesis. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a potent lipid mediator that can regulate the maturation and activation of DCs, but the molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, both in vitro and in an RA rat model, we investigated the mechanisms involved by focusing on PGE2-mediated signaling and using a novel anti-inflammatory compound, paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25). PGE2 combined with tumor necrosis factor-α promoted DC maturation and activation through EP4-cAMP signaling. Treatment with CP-25 increased the endocytic capacity of DCs induced by PGE2. CP-25 inhibited the potency of DCs induced by the EP4 receptor agonist, CAY10598, to stimulate allogeneic T cells. Consistent with these findings, the CAY10598-induced upregulation of DC surface activation markers and production of IL-23 was significantly inhibited by CP-25 in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo administration of CP-25 alleviated adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats through inhibition of DC maturation and activation. Our results indicate that PGE2-EP4-cAMP signal hyperfunction can lead to abnormal activation of DC functions, which correlates with the course of disease in AA rats and provides a possible treatment target. The inhibition of DC maturation and activation by CP-25 interference of the PGE2-EP4 pathway may significantly contribute to the immunoregulatory profile of CP-25 when used to treat RA and other immune cell-mediated disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/adverse effects
- Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic/adverse effects
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/metabolism
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Male
- Monoterpenes/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Jia
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yu-Jing Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xing Dai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua-Xun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xue-Zhi Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
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21
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Liu Y, Ciotti GE, Eisinger-Mathason TSK. Hypoxia and the Tumor Secretome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1136:57-69. [PMID: 31201716 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12734-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. To date, there are no specific treatments targeting disseminated disease. New therapeutic options will become available only if we enhance our understanding of mechanisms underlying metastatic spread. A large body of literature shows that the metastatic potential of tumor cells is strongly influenced by microenvironmental cues such as low oxygen (hypoxia). Clinically, hypoxia is a hallmark of most solid tumors and is associated with increased metastasis and poor survival in a variety of cancer types. Mechanistically, hypoxia influences multiple steps within the metastatic cascade and particularly impacts the interactions between tumor cells and host stroma at both primary and secondary sites. Here we review current evidence for a hypoxia-induced tumor secretome and its impact on metastatic progression. These studies have identified potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets that could be integrated into strategies for preventing and treating metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabrielle E Ciotti
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T S Karin Eisinger-Mathason
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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22
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Sun X, Li Q. Prostaglandin EP2 receptor: Novel therapeutic target for human cancers (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1203-1214. [PMID: 29956743 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor 2 subtype (EP2), which is a metabolite of arachidonic acid that binds with and regulates cellular responses to PGE2, is associated with numerous physiological and pathological events in a wide range of tissues. As a stimulatory G protein‑coupled receptor, PGE2‑induced EP2 activation can activate adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cytoplasmic cAMP levels and activation of protein kinase A. The EP2 receptor can also activate the glycogen synthase kinase 3β and β‑catenin pathways. The present study aimed to review the roles of the EP2 receptor in tumor development, including immunity, chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, metastasis and multidrug resistance. Furthermore, the involvement of the EP2 receptor signaling pathway in cancer was discussed. Understanding the role and mechanisms of action of the EP2 receptor, and its importance in targeted therapy, may help identify novel methods to improve management of numerous types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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23
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Koc ÖM, van Kampen RJW, van Bodegraven AA. Cancer-Associated Chemotherapy Induces Less IBD Exacerbations and a Reduction of IBD Medication Afterwards. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:1606-1611. [PMID: 29669052 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing and, consequently, more IBD patients will develop cancer with need for cancer-associated chemotherapy. Physicians are therefore confronted with whether they should continue, stop, or restart IBD medication in relation with chemotherapy. The current strategy in our hospital is to discontinue immunomodulating IBD medication, comprising corticosteroids, anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF), and other immunosuppressives, before starting chemotherapy. METHODS Out of 1826 patients with IBD, we analyzed 41 IBD patients who received chemotherapy between January 2006-2017. The primary endpoint was the effect of chemotherapy on IBD course, assessed by number of exacerbations and use of IBD medication. The paired-samples t-test and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test were performed. RESULTS The mean number of IBD exacerbations of 0.3 (0.0-0.6) per 5 years after chemotherapy was lower compared to 1.4 (0.8-1.9) exacerbations per 5 years before chemotherapy exposure (P < 0.01). In terms of IBD medication, there was a decrease in the number of patients using mesalazine (47% vs 71%, P < 0.01) or corticosteroids (9% vs 32%, P = 0.02) in a time span of 5 years after compared to 5 years before chemotherapy. There was also a trend of less use of immunosuppressives (anti-TNF 0% vs 15%, P = 0.25; thiopurines 12% vs 34%, P = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS Cancer-associated chemotherapy is associated with a more benign course of IBD that may contribute to the decision to discontinue anti-TNF or other immunosuppressives in relation to cancer-associated treatment both before the start of chemotherapy, as well as reinitiating aggressive immunosuppressives for IBD afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür M Koc
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen-Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Roel J W van Kampen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen-Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A van Bodegraven
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen-Heerlen, the Netherlands
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24
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for gastrointestinal cancer and other diseases. Most studies have focused on cytokines and chemokines as mediators connecting chronic inflammation to cancer, whereas the involvement of lipid mediators, including prostanoids, has not been extensively investigated. Prostanoids are among the earliest signaling molecules released in response to inflammation. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that prostanoids are involved in gastrointestinal cancer. In this Review, we discuss how prostanoids impact gastrointestinal cancer development. In particular, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of how prostaglandin E2 induces the immunosuppressive microenvironment in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Raymond N DuBois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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25
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Seelige R, Searles S, Bui JD. Mechanisms regulating immune surveillance of cellular stress in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:225-240. [PMID: 28744671 PMCID: PMC11105730 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to explore immune-mediated mechanisms of stress surveillance in cancer, with particular emphasis on the idea that all cancers have classical hallmarks (Hanahan and Weinberg in Cell 100:57-70, 67; Cell 144:646-674, 68) that could be interrelated. We postulate that hallmarks of cancer associated with cellular stress pathways (Luo et al. in Cell 136:823-837, 101) including oxidative stress, proteotoxic stress, mitotic stress, DNA damage, and metabolic stress could define and modulate the inflammatory component of cancer. As such, the overarching goal of this review is to define the types of cellular stress that cancer cells undergo, and then to explore mechanisms by which immune cells recognize, respond to, and are affected by each stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Seelige
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA
| | - Stephen Searles
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA.
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26
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Wang J, Zhang L, Kang D, Yang D, Tang Y. Activation of PGE2/EP2 and PGE2/EP4 signaling pathways positively regulate the level of PD-1 in infiltrating CD8 + T cells in patients with lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:552-558. [PMID: 29285200 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the level of programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression in infiltrating cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ and CD8+ T cells isolated from lung cancer tissues, and investigated whether the level of PD-1 expression may be directly regulated by lung cancer cells via prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-associated signaling pathways in patients with lung cancer. A total of 75 patients with lung cancer were enrolled in the present study. The percentage of infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was determined by flow cytometry. ELISA was performed to evaluate the concentration of PGE2 in lung cancer tissue homogenate. The correlation between PGE2 and PD-1 expression levels in CD8+ T cells was assessed by Spearman's rank correlation test. The expression levels of PD-1 and PGE2 receptors were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The level of PD-1 expression in infiltrating CD8+ T cells was gradually increased as the stage of lung cancer increased. The level of PD-1 expression was also positively associated with the concentration of PGE2 in lung cancer tissues. Furthermore, the level of PD-1 expression was closely associated with the PGE2/EP2 and PGE2/EP4 signaling pathways. The activation of PGE2-associated EP2- and EP4-pathways may positively regulate the level of PD-1 in infiltrating CD8+ T cells, which results in immune tolerance in the lung cancer microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wang
- Respiratory Department, The Third Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Kang
- Huiqiao Department, South Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Deguang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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Boutaud O, Sosa IR, Amin T, Oram D, Adler D, Hwang HS, Crews BC, Milne G, Harris BK, Hoeksema M, Knollmann BC, Lammers PE, Marnett LJ, Massion PP, Oates JA. Inhibition of the Biosynthesis of Prostaglandin E2 By Low-Dose Aspirin: Implications for Adenocarcinoma Metastasis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:855-865. [PMID: 27554763 PMCID: PMC5093073 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analyses have demonstrated that low-dose aspirin reduces the risk of developing adenocarcinoma metastasis, and when colon cancer is detected during aspirin treatment, there is a remarkable 83% reduction in risk of metastasis. As platelets participate in the metastatic process, the antiplatelet action of low-dose aspirin likely contributes to its antimetastatic effect. Cycloxooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) also contributes to metastasis, and we addressed the hypothesis that low-dose aspirin also inhibits PGE2 biosynthesis. We show that low-dose aspirin inhibits systemic PGE2 biosynthesis by 45% in healthy volunteers (P < 0.0001). Aspirin is found to be more potent in colon adenocarcinoma cells than in the platelet, and in lung adenocarcinoma cells, its inhibition is equivalent to that in the platelet. Inhibition of COX by aspirin in colon cancer cells is in the context of the metastasis of colon cancer primarily to the liver, the organ exposed to the same high concentrations of aspirin as the platelet. We find that the interaction of activated platelets with lung adenocarcinoma cells upregulates COX-2 expression and PGE2 biosynthesis, and inhibition of platelet COX-1 by aspirin inhibits PGE2 production by the platelet-tumor cell aggregates. In conclusion, low-dose aspirin has a significant effect on extraplatelet cyclooxygenase and potently inhibits COX-2 in lung and colon adenocarcinoma cells. This supports a hypothesis that the remarkable prevention of metastasis from adenocarcinomas, and particularly from colon adenocarcinomas, by low-dose aspirin results from its effect on platelet COX-1 combined with inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis in metastasizing tumor cells. Cancer Prev Res; 9(11); 855-65. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boutaud
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - I. Romina Sosa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Taneem Amin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Denise Oram
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - David Adler
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Hyun S. Hwang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Brenda C. Crews
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Ginger Milne
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Bradford K. Harris
- Department of Cancer Biology, the Thoracic Program, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Megan Hoeksema
- Department of Cancer Biology, the Thoracic Program, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Bjorn C. Knollmann
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Philip E. Lammers
- Department of Cancer Biology, the Thoracic Program, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602,Department of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Pierre P. Massion
- Department of Cancer Biology, the Thoracic Program, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - John A. Oates
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
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Hilly O, Strenov Y, Rath-Wolfson L, Hod R, Shkedy Y, Mizrachi A, Koren R, Shpitzer T. The predictive value of dendritic cells in early squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:1138-1143. [PMID: 27720281 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dendritic cell density in early squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue and patients' clinical outcome. METHODS Representative samples of low-risk SCC of the tongue (T1-2,N0,M0) from a homogeneous group of 18 patients following local complete excision and elective selective neck dissection, were immunostained with antibodies against S100 and CD1a. Dendritic cell density was analyzed by outcome. RESULTS Mean dendritic cell densities were 17 cells/HPF for tumoral S100 and CD1a counts, and 10 cells/HPF for peritumoral S100 and CD1a counts. Better disease-free survival was associated with low peritumoral S100- and CD1a- positive cell counts (p=0.006 and p=0.004, respectively), and with low tumoral S100- and CD1a- positive cell counts (p=0.037 and p=0.04, respectively). Lymphocytic response was decreased in tumors with high dendritic cell density (p=NS). There was no association of dendritic cell density with patient age, tumor size and depth of invasion. CONCLUSIONS These results may suggest an association between dendritic cell accumulation and functional immunologic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Hilly
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yulia Strenov
- Departments of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lea Rath-Wolfson
- Departments of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Hod
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yotam Shkedy
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviram Mizrachi
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rumelia Koren
- Departments of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Thomas Shpitzer
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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The role of dendritic cells in cancer. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 39:307-316. [PMID: 27638181 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Though present in low numbers, dendritic cells (DCs) are recognized as major players in the control of cancer by adaptive immunity. The roles of cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells and Th1 helper CD4+ T-cells are well-documented in murine models of cancer and associated with a profound prognostic impact when infiltrating human tumors, but less information is known about how these T-cells gain access to the tumor or how they are primed to become tumor-specific. Here, we highlight recent findings that demonstrate a vital role of CD103+ DCs, which have been shown to be experts in cross-priming and the induction of anti-tumor immunity. We also focus on two different mediators that impair the function of tumor-associated DCs: prostaglandin E2 and β-catenin. Both of these mediators seem to be important for the exclusion of T-cells in the tumor microenvironment and may represent key pathways to target in optimized treatment regimens against cancer.
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Zong J, Keskinov AA, Shurin GV, Shurin MR. Tumor-derived factors modulating dendritic cell function. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:821-33. [PMID: 26984847 PMCID: PMC11028482 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) play unique and diverse roles in the tumor occurrence, development, progression and response to therapy. First of all, DC can actively uptake tumor-associated antigens, process them and present antigenic peptides to T cells inducing and maintaining tumor-specific T cell responses. DC interaction with different immune effector cells may also support innate antitumor immunity, as well as humoral responses also known to inhibit tumor development in certain cases. On the other hand, DC are recruited to the tumor site by specific tumor-derived and stroma-derived factors, which may also impair DC maturation, differentiation and function, thus resulting in the deficient formation of antitumor immune response or development of DC-mediated tolerance and immune suppression. Identification of DC-stimulating and DC-suppressing/polarizing factors in the tumor environment and the mechanism of DC modulation are important for designing effective DC-based vaccines and for recovery of immunodeficient resident DC responsible for maintenance of clinically relevant antitumor immunity in patients with cancer. DC-targeting tumor-derived factors and their effects on resident and administered DC in the tumor milieu are described and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Zong
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Scaife Hall S735, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, China
| | - Anton A Keskinov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Scaife Hall S735, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Galina V Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Scaife Hall S735, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Michael R Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Scaife Hall S735, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Basingab FS, Ahmadi M, Morgan DJ. IFNγ-Dependent Interactions between ICAM-1 and LFA-1 Counteract Prostaglandin E2-Mediated Inhibition of Antitumor CTL Responses. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:400-11. [PMID: 26928462 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-expressed ICAM-1 interaction with LFA-1 on naïve tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells not only stabilizes adhesion, but, in the absence of classical B7-mediated costimulation, is also able to provide potent alternative costimulatory signaling resulting in the production of antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. This study shows that overproduction of prostaglandin (PG) E2 by metastatic murine renal carcinoma (Renca) cells inhibited direct priming of tumor-specific CTL responses in vivo by preventing the IFNγ-dependent upregulation of ICAM-1 that is vital during the initial priming of naïve CD8(+) T cells. The addition of exogenous IFNγ during naïve CD8(+) T-cell priming abrogated PGE2-mediated suppression, and overexpression of ICAM-1 by tumor cells restored IFNγ production and proliferation among PGE2-treated tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells; preventing tumor growth in vivo These findings suggest that novel anticancer immunotherapies, which increase expression of ICAM-1 on tumor cells, could help alleviate PGE2-mediated immunosuppression of antitumor CTL responses. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(5); 400-11. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah Salem Basingab
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Ahmadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David John Morgan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Du Y, Kemper T, Qiu J, Jiang J. Defining the therapeutic time window for suppressing the inflammatory prostaglandin E2 signaling after status epilepticus. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:123-30. [PMID: 26689339 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2016.1134322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common feature in nearly all neurological and some psychiatric disorders. Resembling its extraneural counterpart, neuroinflammation can be both beneficial and detrimental depending on the responding molecules. The overall effect of inflammation on disease progression is highly dependent on the extent of inflammatory mediator production and the duration of inflammatory induction. The time-dependent aspect of inflammatory responses suggests that the therapeutic time window for quelling neuroinflammation might vary with molecular targets and injury types. Therefore, it is important to define the therapeutic time window for anti-inflammatory therapeutics, as contradicting or negative results might arise when different treatment regimens are utilized even in similar animal models. Herein, we discuss a few critical factors that can help define the therapeutic time window and optimize treatment paradigm for suppressing the cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin-mediated inflammation after status epilepticus. These determinants should also be relevant to other anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies for the CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Du
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , United States
| | - Timothy Kemper
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , United States
| | - Jiange Qiu
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , United States
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , United States
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Cunha LL, Marcello MA, Nonogaki S, Morari EC, Soares FA, Vassallo J, Ward LS. CD8+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and COX2 expression may predict relapse in differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:246-53. [PMID: 25130519 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE There is an increasing rate of papillary thyroid carcinomas that may never progress to cause symptoms or death. Predicting outcome and determining tumour aggressiveness could help diminish the number of patients submitted to aggressive treatments. We aimed to evaluate whether markers of the immune system response and of tumour-associated inflammation could predict outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS We studied 399 consecutive patients, including 325 papillary and 74 follicular thyroid carcinomas. MEASUREMENTS Immune cell markers were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, including tumour-associated macrophages (CD68) and subsets of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), such as CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD20, CD45RO, GRANZYME B, CD69 and CD25. We also investigated the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in tumour cells and the presence of concurrent lymphocytic infiltration characterizing chronic thyroiditis. RESULTS Concurrent lymphocytic infiltration characterizing chronic thyroiditis was observed in 29% of the cases. Among all the immunological parameters evaluated, only the enrichment of CD8+ lymphocytes (P = 0·001) and expression of COX2 (P =0·01) were associated with recurrence. A multivariate model analysis identified CD8+ TIL/COX2 as independent risk factor for recurrence. A multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional-hazards model adjusted for the presence of concurrent chronic thyroiditis demonstrated that the presence of concurrent chronic thyroiditis had no effect on prognostic prediction mediated by CD8+ TIL and COX2. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we suggest the use of a relatively simple pathology tool to help select cases that may benefit of a more aggressive approach sparing the majority of patients from unnecessary procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leite Cunha
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences - University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marjory Alana Marcello
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences - University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Cristina Morari
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences - University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | | | - José Vassallo
- Department of Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Investigative and Molecular Pathology (Ciped), Faculty of Medical Sciences - University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Laura Sterian Ward
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences - University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
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Iresjö BM, Wang W, Nilsberth C, Andersson M, Lönnroth C, Smedh U. Food intake, tumor growth, and weight loss in EP2 receptor subtype knockout mice bearing PGE2-producing tumors. Physiol Rep 2015. [PMID: 26197930 PMCID: PMC4552524 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that prostaglandin (PG) E2 is involved in anorexia/cachexia development in MCG 101 tumor-bearing mice. In the present study, we investigate the role of PGE receptor subtype EP2 in the development of anorexia after MCG 101 implantation in wild-type (EP2+/+) or EP2-receptor knockout (EP2−/−) mice. Our results showed that host absence of EP2 receptors attenuated tumor growth and development of anorexia in tumor-bearing EP2 knockout mice compared to tumor-bearing wild-type animals. Microarray profiling of the hypothalamus revealed a relative twofold change in expression of around 35 genes including mRNA transcripts coding for Phospholipase A2 and Prostaglandin D2 synthase (Ptgds) in EP2 receptor knockout mice compared to wild-type mice. Prostaglandin D2 synthase levels were increased significantly in EP2 receptor knockouts, suggesting that improved food intake may depend on altered balance of prostaglandin production in hypothalamus since PGE2 and PGD2 display opposing effects in feeding control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt-Marie Iresjö
- Surgical Metabolic Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wenhua Wang
- Surgical Metabolic Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camilla Nilsberth
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marianne Andersson
- Surgical Metabolic Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Lönnroth
- Surgical Metabolic Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Smedh
- Surgical Metabolic Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Qu L, Liu B. Cyclooxygeanse-2 promotes metastasis in osteosarcoma. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:69. [PMID: 26180515 PMCID: PMC4502918 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible form of the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of prostanoids, is associated with carcinogenesis, which is suspected to promote angiogenesis and tissue invasion of tumors and resistance to apoptosis. COX-2 is also involved in metastasis and poor prognosis of cancer. Osteosarcoma with COX-2 positivity is from 67 to 92 %. COX-2-positive rate in metastatic lesions was greater than that of biopsy and/or resected samples of the primary site in osteosarcoma. And, what role does COX-2 play in osteosarcoma metastasis? Genetic studies support a cause-effect connection between COX-2 and tumorigenesis. COX-2 expression had a poor prognosis with regard to metastasis, and patients with increased COX-2 expression in lung metastases died of the disease. COX-2 expression has also been established as a marker in human osteosarcoma, and COX-2 inhibition has been suggested as a possible way of improving therapeutic outcome. In addition, COX-inhibitors inhibit the tumor initiation, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cell differentiation and T cell proliferation and suppression of the antitumor activity of natural killer cells and macrophages, angiogenic mechanism. Therefore, we can exert the COX-inhibitors to potentialize the effects of chemotherapeutic agents, and reverse the metastasis in osteosarcoma to facilitate the patient who may benefit from addition of COX-inhibitors to standard cytotoxic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Qu
- Clinical Laboratory Centre, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang People's Republic of China ; Clinical Laboratory Centre, Binjiang Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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Yang X, Hao J, Zhu CH, Niu YY, Ding XL, Liu C, Wu XZ. Survival Benefits of Western and Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Patients With Pancreatic Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1008. [PMID: 26131801 PMCID: PMC4504629 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the most common complementary and alternative medicines used in the treatment of patients with cancer worldwide. However, the clinical effect of TCM on patients with pancreatic cancer remains unclear. This study was aimed to explore the efficacy of TCM on selected patients with pancreatic cancer and to study the usefulness of multimodality treatment, including TCM and western medicine (WM), in pancreatic cancer.From January 2009 to October 2013, 107 patients with pancreatic cancer were included in this study. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess the differences in survival time. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine survival trends adjusted for clinical and demographic factors.Cox regression analysis suggested that elevated CA19-9 levels (P = 0.048), number of cycles of chemotherapy (P = 0.014), and TCM were independent prognostic factors (P < 0.001). The survival hazards ratio of TCM was 0.419 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.261-0.671). The median overall survival (OS) was 19 months for patients with TCM treatment, while the median OS was 8 months for those without TCM treatment (P < 0.001). Patients who received multimodality treatment using TCM and WM had the best prognosis with a median OS of 19 months (P < 0.001). Patients with heat-clearing, diuresis-promoting and detoxification TCM treatment had a longer survival time (32.4 months) than those with blood-activating and stasis-dissolving (9.8 months) and tonifying qi and yang treatment (6.1 months; P = 0.008).These results indicate that TCM has an important potential value for improving the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer, and multimodality treatment, including TCM and WM, leads to the best prognosis. More importantly, we suggest that heat-clearing, diuresis-promoting, and detoxification TCM treatment may improve the efficacy of TCM in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- From Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China (XY, JH, Y-YN, X-LD, X-ZW); Zhong-Shan-Men In-Patient Department, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (C-HZ, CL)
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Shu G, Zhao W, Yue L, Su H, Xiang M. Antitumor immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Salvia chinensis Benth. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 168:237-247. [PMID: 25858511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia chinensis Benth (S. chinensis) is a traditional herb applied in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Polysaccharides abundantly exist in this plant. However, it remains poorly understood if polysaccharides from S. chinensis (PSSC) contribute to its anti-HCC activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vivo anti-HCC activity of PSSC was evaluated in Kunming mice bearing H22 ascitic hepatoma cells. An array of physiological indexes was measured to evaluate toxicological effects on host animals. Subgroups of immune cells were purified by a magnetic-activated cell sorting system and analyzed by flow cytometry. Reverse transcription real-time PCR and immunoblotting were recruited to determine the effects of PSSC on the cellular signaling of different subgroup of immune cells. RESULTS PSSC suppressed in vivo proliferation of H22 cells with undetectable toxic effects on tumor-bearing mice. PSSC alleviated tumor transplantation-induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis and dysregulation of serum cytokine profiles, which elevated cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. PSSC reduced serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Injection of exogenous PGE2 completely abrogated the antitumor immunostimulatory activity of PSSC. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is the second messager of PGE2. In CD4+ T cells, PSSC substantially declined intracellular cAMP. This event elevated protein levels of JAK3, enhancing STAT5 phosphorylation and STAT5-dependent expression of anti-apoptotic genes. Cyclooxygenase-2 is the key enzyme mediating biosynthesis of PGE2. PSSC suppressed the transcription and translation of cyclooxygenase-2 in tumor associated macrophages. CONCLUSION Our data clearly showed antitumor immunostimulatory activity of PSSC against transplanted H22 HCC cells. Suppressing tumor transplantation-induced PGE2 production was implicated in the anti-tumor immunostimulatory activity of PSSC. These works provides novel insights into the traditional application of S. chinensis against HCC and supported considering PSSC as an adjuvant reagent in clinical HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Shu
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ling Yue
- Endocrinology department, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hanwen Su
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Meixian Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China.
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Chang J, Xue M, Yang S, Yao B, Zhang B, Chen X, Pozzi A, Zhang MZ. Inhibition of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type II Suppresses Lung Carcinogenesis by Blocking Tumor COX-2 Expression as Well as the ERK and mTOR Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127030. [PMID: 26011146 PMCID: PMC4444260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is by far the leading cause of cancer death. Early diagnosis and prevention remain the best approach to reduce the overall morbidity and mortality. Experimental and clinical evidence have shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) contributes to lung tumorigenesis. COX-2 inhibitors suppress the development and progression of lung cancer. However, increased cardiovascular risks of COX-2 inhibitors limit their use in chemoprevention of lung cancers. Glucocorticoids are endogenous and potent COX-2 inhibitors, and their local actions are down-regulated by 11β–hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (11ßHSD2)-mediated metabolism. We found that 11βHSD2 expression was increased in human lung cancers and experimental lung tumors. Inhibition of 11βHSD2 activity enhanced glucocorticoid-mediated COX-2 inhibition in human lung carcinoma cells. Furthermore, 11βHSD2 inhibition suppressed lung tumor growth and invasion in association with increased tissue active glucocorticoid levels, decreased COX-2 expression, inhibition of ERK and mTOR signaling pathways, increased tumor endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as increased lifespan. Therefore, 11βHSD2 inhibition represents a novel approach for lung cancer chemoprevention and therapy by increasing tumor glucocorticoid activity, which in turn selectively blocks local COX-2 activity and/or inhibits the ERK and mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Shilin Yang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Epigenetic regulations of inflammatory cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids: molecular basis and pathophysiological consequences. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:841097. [PMID: 25944989 PMCID: PMC4402557 DOI: 10.1155/2015/841097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential relevance of prostanoid signaling in immunity and immunological disorders, or disease susceptibility and individual variations in drug responses, is an important area for investigation. The deregulation of Cyclooxygenase- (COX-) derived prostanoids has been reported in several immunoinflammatory disorders such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. In addition to the environmental factors and the genetic background to diseases, epigenetic mechanisms involved in the fine regulation of prostanoid biosynthesis and/or receptor signaling appeared to be an additional level of complexity in the understanding of prostanoid biology and crucial in controlling the different components of the COX pathways. Epigenetic alterations targeting inflammatory components of prostanoid biosynthesis and signaling pathways may be important in the process of neoplasia, depending on the tissue microenvironment and target genes. Here, we focused on the epigenetic modifications of inflammatory prostanoids in physiological immune response and immunological disorders. We described how major prostanoids and their receptors can be functionally regulated epigenetically and consequently the impact of these processes in the pathogenesis inflammatory diseases and the development of therapeutic approaches that may have important clinical applications.
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Abstract
MUC1 is a glycoprotein that is overexpressed in tumor cells. In normal cells it forms a protective layer against microbes and toxic chemicals, besides providing lubrication on ductal surfaces. Oversecretion of MUC1 provide cancer cells with invasiveness, metastasis, and resistance to death induced by reactive oxygen species. MUC1 is made up of 2 heterodimers, MUC1-N and MUC1-C. MUC1-N is heavily glycosylated at 5 regions of the variable N-tandem repeats. MUC1-C is divisible into extracellular, intracellular, and cytoplasmic domain (MUC1-C/CD). The extracellular domain serves as a docking site for epidermal growth factor receptors and other receptor kinases; the transmembrane domain serves to relay messages from extracellular to MUC1-C/CD. The MUC1-C/CD has 5 phosphorylating sites that on interacting with the SH2 domain of specific proteins can stimulate tumor growth. Therapies targeting MUC1 consists of monoclonal antibodies (MAb), vaccines, or small molecules (aptamers). MAb therapies are mainly aimed at MUC1-N with little success, however, new generation of MAb are being developed for MUC1-C. Vaccines (peptide, carbohydrate, glycopeptide, DNA, and dendritic cell) have been developed that recognizes the aberrant glycosylated region of the variable N-tandem repeats in MUC1-N, whereas new generation vaccines are aimed at the cytoplasmic region of MUC1-C. Aptamers (peptides that resemble DNA, RNA) have been used for blocking the dimerization of CQC region and the 5 phosphorylating region of MUC1-C. In addition, aptamers have been used as cytotoxic drug carriers. However, none of the therapies for MUC1 are currently in clinical application, as they need further refinement and evaluation.
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Chen Y, Liu H, Xu S, Wang T, Li W. Targeting microsomal prostaglandin E2synthase-1 (mPGES-1): the development of inhibitors as an alternative to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00278h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AA cascade and several key residues in the 3D structure of mPGES-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
| | | | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Tianlin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
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Barsoum IB, Koti M, Siemens DR, Graham CH. Mechanisms of hypoxia-mediated immune escape in cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7185-90. [PMID: 25344227 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An important aspect of malignant progression is the acquired ability of tumor cells to avoid recognition and destruction by the immune system (immune escape). Clinical cancer progression is also associated with the development of tumor hypoxia, which is mechanistically linked to the acquisition of malignant phenotypes in cancer cells. Despite the well-established role of hypoxia in tumor cell invasion and metastasis, and resistance to therapy, relatively few studies have examined the contribution of hypoxia to cancer immune escape. Accumulating evidence reveals that hypoxia can impair anticancer immunity by altering the function of innate and adaptive immune cells and/or by increasing the intrinsic resistance of tumor cells to the cytolytic activity of immune effectors. Here, we discuss certain aspects of the contribution of hypoxia to tumor immune escape and provide evidence for a novel role of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling in the regulation of hypoxia-induced immune escape. Thus, we propose that activation of cGMP signaling in cancer cells may have important immunotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivraym B Barsoum
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Robert Siemens
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Department of Urology, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles H Graham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Department of Urology, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
It is widely accepted that intake of dietary fats and chronic inflammation are risk factors for developing colorectal cancer. Arachidonic acid is a major component of animal fats, and the bioactive lipids produced from this substrate play critical roles in a variety of biologic processes, including cancer. Cyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandin E2 is a known proinflammatory lipid mediator that promotes tumor progression. Metabolism of arachidonic acid by the cyclooxygenase pathway provides one mechanism for the contribution of dietary fats and chronic inflammation to carcinogenesis. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of how a proinflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 promotes colorectal cancer immune evasion. These findings may provide a rationale for the development of new therapeutic approaches to subvert tumor-induced immunosuppression.
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Jia XY, Chang Y, Sun XJ, Dai X, Wei W. The role of prostaglandin E2 receptor signaling of dendritic cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:163-9. [PMID: 25196430 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a very potent lipid mediator produced from arachidonic acid (AA) through the action of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, is implicated in the regulation of dendritic cell (DC) functions such as differentiation ability, cytokine-producing capacity, Th-cell polarizing ability, migration and maturation. DCs are the most potent antigen-presenting cells and play major roles in both the induction of primary immune responses and tolerance. It is well established that PGE2 functions significantly in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although the role of PGE2 in RA has been studied extensively, the effects of PGE2 on DC biology and the role of DCs in RA have not become the focus of investigation until recently. Here, we summarize the latest progress in PGE2 research with respect to DC functions, as well as the role of PGE2 receptor signaling of DCs in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Jia
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Hefei 230032, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei 230088, China.
| | - Yan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xing Dai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Hefei 230032, China.
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Eyrich M, Schreiber SC, Rachor J, Krauss J, Pauwels F, Hain J, Wölfl M, Lutz MB, de Vleeschouwer S, Schlegel PG, Van Gool SW. Development and validation of a fully GMP-compliant production process of autologous, tumor-lysate-pulsed dendritic cells. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:946-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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46
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Resler AJ, Makar KW, Heath L, Whitton J, Potter JD, Poole EM, Habermann N, Scherer D, Duggan D, Wang H, Lindor NM, Passarelli MN, Baron JA, Newcomb PA, Le Marchand L, Ulrich CM. Genetic variation in prostaglandin synthesis and related pathways, NSAID use and colorectal cancer risk in the Colon Cancer Family Registry. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2121-6. [PMID: 24908683 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) generally decreases colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, inherited genetic variation in inflammatory pathways may alter their potential as preventive agents. We investigated whether variation in prostaglandin synthesis and related pathways influences CRC risk in the Colon Cancer Family Registry by examining associations between 192 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two variable nucleotide tandem repeats (VNTRs) within 17 candidate genes and CRC risk. We further assessed interactions between these polymorphisms and NSAID use on CRC risk. Using a case-unaffected-sibling-control design, this study included 1621 primary invasive CRC cases and 2592 sibling controls among Caucasian men and women aged 18-90. After adjustment for multiple comparisons, two intronic SNPs were associated with rectal cancer risk: rs11571364 in ALOX12 [OR(het/hzv) = 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19-2.95, P = 0.03] and rs45525634 in PTGER2 (OR(het/hzv) = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.29-0.82, P = 0.03). Additionally, there was an interaction between NSAID use and the intronic SNP rs2920421 in ALOX12 on risk of CRC (P = 0.03); among those with heterozygous genotypes, risk was reduced for current NSAID users compared with never or former users (OR(het) = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.45-0.80), though not among those with homozygous wild-type or variant genotypes. The results of this study suggest that genetic variation in ALOX12 and PTGER2 may affect the risk of rectal cancer. In addition, this study suggests plausible interactions between NSAID use and variants in ALOX12 on CRC risk. These results may aid in the development of genetically targeted cancer prevention strategies with NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa J Resler
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and, Department of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Karen W Makar
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura Heath
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and, Department of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John Whitton
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John D Potter
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and, Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Habermann
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dominique Scherer
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - David Duggan
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Hansong Wang
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Michael N Passarelli
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and, Department of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John A Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA and
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and, Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg 69120, Germany, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Zasłona Z, Okunishi K, Bourdonnay E, Domingo-Gonzalez R, Moore BB, Lukacs NW, Aronoff DM, Peters-Golden M. Prostaglandin E₂ suppresses allergic sensitization and lung inflammation by targeting the E prostanoid 2 receptor on T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:379-87. [PMID: 24075232 PMCID: PMC3960315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous prostanoids have been suggested to modulate sensitization during experimental allergic asthma, but the specific role of prostaglandin (PG) E₂ or of specific E prostanoid (EP) receptors is not known. OBJECTIVE Here we tested the role of EP2 signaling in allergic asthma. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and EP2(-/-) mice were subjected to ovalbumin sensitization and acute airway challenge. The PGE2 analog misoprostol was administered during sensitization in both genotypes. In vitro culture of splenocytes and flow-sorted dendritic cells and T cells defined the mechanism by which EP2 exerted its protective effect. Adoptive transfer of WT and EP2(-/-) CD4 T cells was used to validate the importance of EP2 expression on T cells. RESULTS Compared with WT mice, EP2(-/-) mice had exaggerated airway inflammation in this model. Splenocytes and lung lymph node cells from sensitized EP2(-/-) mice produced more IL-13 than did WT cells, suggesting increased sensitization. In WT but not EP2(-/-) mice, subcutaneous administration of misoprostol during sensitization inhibited allergic inflammation. PGE₂ decreased cytokine production and inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 phosphorylation by CD3/CD28-stimulated CD4(+) T cells. Coculture of flow cytometry-sorted splenic CD4(+) T cells and CD11c(+) dendritic cells from WT or EP2(-/-) mice suggested that the increased IL-13 production in EP2(-/-) mice was due to the lack of EP2 specifically on T cells. Adoptive transfer of CD4(+) EP2(-/-) T cells caused greater cytokine production in the lungs of WT mice than did transfer of WT CD4(+) T cells. CONCLUSION We conclude that the PGE2-EP2 axis is an important endogenous brake on allergic airway inflammation and primarily targets T cells and that its agonism represents a potential novel therapeutic approach to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Zasłona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Katsuhide Okunishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Emilie Bourdonnay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Racquel Domingo-Gonzalez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - David M Aronoff
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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48
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Decker WK, Safdar A. Dendritic cell vaccines for the immunocompromised patient: prevention of influenza virus infection. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:721-30. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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49
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The immunobiology of prostanoid receptor signaling in connecting innate and adaptive immunity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:683405. [PMID: 24024207 PMCID: PMC3762073 DOI: 10.1155/2013/683405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostanoids, including prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), and prostacyclins, are synthesized from arachidonic acid (AA) by the action of Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. They are bioactive inflammatory lipid mediators that play a key role in immunity and immunopathology. Prostanoids exert their effects on immune and inflammatory cells by binding to membrane receptors that are widely expressed throughout the immune system and act at multiple levels in innate and adaptive immunity. The immunoregulatory role of prostanoids results from their ability to regulate cell-cell interaction, antigen presentation, cytokine production, cytokine receptor expression, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, cell-surface molecule levels, and cell migration in both autocrine and paracrine manners. By acting on immune cells of both systems, prostanoids and their receptors have great impact on immune regulation and play a pivotal role in connecting innate and adaptive immunity. This paper focuses on the immunobiology of prostanoid receptor signaling because of their potential clinical relevance for various disorders including inflammation, autoimmunity, and tumorigenesis. We mainly discuss the effects of major COX metabolites, PGD2, PGE2, their signaling during dendritic cell (DC)-natural killer (NK) reciprocal crosstalk, DC-T cell interaction, and subsequent consequences on determining crucial aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in normal and pathological settings.
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50
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Kovarik JJ, Hölzl MA, Hofer J, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Sobanov Y, Koeffel R, Saemann MD, Mechtcheriakova D, Zlabinger GJ. Eicosanoid modulation by the short-chain fatty acid n-butyrate in human monocytes. Immunology 2013; 139:395-405. [PMID: 23398566 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
n-Butyrate deriving from bacterial fermentation in the mammalian intestine is a key determinant in gastrointestinal homeostasis. We examined the effects of this short-chain fatty acid and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR) and TLR4 engagement on inflammatory/immunity-associated genes, cyclo-oxygenases (COXs), prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) in human monocytes. Before RNA isolation, freshly isolated human monocytes were co-incubated for different time-points with 1 mm n-butyrate alone or in combination with bacterial stimuli. Based on a knowledge-driven approach, a signature of 180 immunity/inflammation-associated genes was picked and real-time PCR analysis was performed. Pathway analysis was carried out using a web-based database analysing program. Based on these gene expression studies the findings were evaluated at the protein/mediator level by Western blot analysis, FACS and ELISA. Following co-incubation with n-butyrate and lipopolysaccharide, key enzymes of the eicosanoid pathway, like PTGS2 (COX-2), TXS, ALOX5, LTA4H and LTC4S, were significantly up-regulated compared with stimulation with lipopolysaccharide alone. Furthermore, release of the lipid mediators PGE(2), 15d-PGJ(2), LTB(4) and thromboxane B(2) was increased by n-butyrate. Regarding signalling, n-butyrate had no additional effect on mitogen-activated protein kinase and interfered differently with early and late phases of nuclear factor-κB signalling. Our results suggest that among many other mediators of eicosanoid signalling n-butyrate massively induces PGE(2) production by increasing the expression of PTGS2 (COX-2) in monocytes following TLR4 and TLR2 activation and induces secretion of LTB(4) and thromboxane B(2). This underscores the role of n-butyrate as a crucial mediator of gut-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes J Kovarik
- Institute of Immunology, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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