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Kaludercic N, Arusei RJ, Di Lisa F. Recent advances on the role of monoamine oxidases in cardiac pathophysiology. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:41. [PMID: 37792081 PMCID: PMC10550854 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous physiological and pathological roles have been attributed to the formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the individual contribution of different mitochondrial processes independently of bioenergetics remains elusive and clinical treatments unavailable. A notable exception to this complexity is found in the case of monoamine oxidases (MAOs). Unlike other ROS-producing enzymes, especially within mitochondria, MAOs possess a distinct combination of defined molecular structure, substrate specificity, and clinically accessible inhibitors. Another significant aspect of MAO activity is the simultaneous generation of hydrogen peroxide alongside highly reactive aldehydes and ammonia. These three products synergistically impair mitochondrial function at various levels, ultimately jeopardizing cellular metabolic integrity and viability. This pathological condition arises from exacerbated MAO activity, observed in many cardiovascular diseases, thus justifying the exploration of MAO inhibitors as effective cardioprotective strategy. In this context, we not only summarize the deleterious roles of MAOs in cardiac pathologies and the positive effects resulting from genetic or pharmacological MAO inhibition, but also discuss recent findings that expand our understanding on the role of MAO in gene expression and cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kaludercic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), 35127, Padua, Italy.
| | - Ruth Jepchirchir Arusei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 35131, Padua, Italy.
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Semerdzhieva NE, Denchev SV, Gospodinova MV. Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: Comparison of Slow Coronary Flow Phenomenon and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in the Absence of Obstructive Coronary Disease. Cureus 2022; 14:e24789. [PMID: 35673304 PMCID: PMC9165915 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An interplay of myocardial structural abnormalities and coronary arterial dysfunction underlies the worsening left ventricular compliance. The conventionally used angina drugs have demonstrated a beneficial effect on both angina and coronary flow in cases with microvascular dysfunction and non-obstructive coronary disease. Despite that, vasoactive therapy only partially affects diastolic function in this patient population. Purpose This retrospective study was planned to evaluate the association of myocardial mass, delayed epicardial coronary flow, and vasoactive drugs with parameters of diastolic function in two cohorts with preserved left ventricular function and non-obstructive coronary disease in patients with slow coronary flow phenomenon (SCFP) and patients with the hypertensive disease and left ventricular hypertrophy. Material and methods The epicardial coronary flow was evaluated in 48 patients with unstable angina in the absence of coronary stenosis >50%, by applying the methods of corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infraction frame count (cTFC). The abnormalities in the left ventricular function were assessed by echocardiography using PW-Doppler of the diastolic mitral inflow and tissue Doppler imaging. Twenty-one (43.8%) patients were diagnosed with SCFP, and twelve patients (25%) had slow epicardial coronary flow, hypertensive disease, and ventricular hypertrophy (SFLVH). The remaining 15 (31.3%) were patients with ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension, and non-delayed epicardial coronary flow (NFLVH). Results The patients with SFLVH showed reduced peak early diastolic lateral mitral annular velocity (e’L) when compared to SCFP (7.1±1.9cm/s vs 8.6±2.1 cm/s, p=0.045) and NFLVH (7.1±1.9 cm/s vs 8.7±1.8 cm/s, p=0.018). A borderline significant difference was observed for the peak early diastolic septal mitral annular velocity (e’S) between the patients with SFLVH and SCFP ( 7.0±1.3 cm/s vs 8.3±2.1 cm/s, p=0.057). The ratio of mitral diastolic inflow velocity to early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (E/e’) in the SFLVH group was a tendency higher than E/e’ of the patients with SCFP (9.8±3.1 vs. 8.2±2.1, p=0.084) and NFLVH (9.8±3.1 vs. 7.8±1.5, p=0.051) .In the group with left ventricular hypertrophy, E/e’ >10 was more frequently observed in patients with a marked delay in the epicardial flow (33.1 ± 13.1 frames vs. 25.4 ± 11.8 frames, p=0.011) and higher left ventricular mass (146.9 ± 17.7 g/m2 vs. 126.1 ± 121.5 g/m2, p=0.027). Conclusions Patients with microvascular angina represent a diverse population. The echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular relaxation (e') and end-diastolic pressure (E/e’) are abnormally altered in the population with left ventricular hypertrophy compared to SCFP. The delayed epicardial flow further impairs diastolic function in hypertensive patients with hypertrophy and non-obstructive coronary disease.
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Multitarget Antioxidant NO-Donor Organic Nitrates: A Novel Approach to Overcome Nitrates Tolerance, an Ex Vivo Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010166. [PMID: 35052670 PMCID: PMC8773138 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic use of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is limited by serious side effects, such as tolerance and endothelial dysfunction of coronary and resistance arteries. Although GTN is used as a drug since more than 130 years, the mechanisms of the vasodilatory effects and of tolerance development to organic nitrates are still incompletely elucidated. New synthesized organic nitrates with and without antioxidant properties were characterized for their ex vivo tolerance profile, in order to investigate the oxidative stress hypothesis of nitrate tolerance. The organic nitrates studied showed different vasodilation and tolerance profiles, probably due to the ability or inability of the compounds to interact with the aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 enzyme (ALDH-2) involved in bioactivation. Furthermore, nitrooxy derivatives endowed with antioxidant properties did not determine the onset of tolerance, even if bioactivated by ALDH-2. The results of this study could be further evidence of the involvement of ALDH-2 in the development of nitrate tolerance. Moreover, the behavior of organic nitrates with antioxidant properties supports the hypothesis of the involvement of ROS in inactivating ALDH-2.
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Study of ALDH from Thermus thermophilus-Expression, Purification and Characterisation of the Non-Substrate Specific, Thermophilic Enzyme Displaying Both Dehydrogenase and Esterase Activity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123535. [PMID: 34944041 PMCID: PMC8699947 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH), found in all kingdoms of life, form a superfamily of enzymes that primarily catalyse the oxidation of aldehydes to form carboxylic acid products, while utilising the cofactor NAD(P)+. Some superfamily members can also act as esterases using p-nitrophenyl esters as substrates. The ALDHTt from Thermus thermophilus was recombinantly expressed in E. coli and purified to obtain high yields (approximately 15–20 mg/L) and purity utilising an efficient heat treatment step coupled with IMAC and gel filtration chromatography. The use of the heat treatment step proved critical, in its absence decreased yield of 40% was observed. Characterisation of the thermophilic ALDHTt led to optimum enzymatic working conditions of 50 °C, and a pH of 8. ALDHTt possesses dual enzymatic activity, with the ability to act as a dehydrogenase and an esterase. ALDHTt possesses broad substrate specificity, displaying activity for a range of aldehydes, most notably hexanal and the synthetic dialdehyde, terephthalaldehyde. Interestingly, para-substituted benzaldehydes could be processed efficiently, but ortho-substitution resulted in no catalytic activity. Similarly, ALDHTt displayed activity for two different esterase substrates, p-nitrophenyl acetate and p-nitrophenyl butyrate, but with activities of 22.9% and 8.9%, respectively, compared to the activity towards hexanal.
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Han B, Song M, Li L, Sun X, Lei Y. The Application of Nitric Oxide for Ocular Hypertension Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237306. [PMID: 34885889 PMCID: PMC8659272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite of various therapeutic methods for treating ocular hypertension and glaucoma, it still remains the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering is the most effective way to slow disease progression and prevent blindness. Among the ocular hypotensive drugs currently in use, only a couple act on the conventional outflow system, which is the main pathway for aqueous humor outflow and the major lesion site resulting in ocular hypertension. Nitric oxide (NO) is a commendable new class of glaucoma drugs that acts on the conventional outflow pathway. An increasing number of nitric oxide donors have been developed for glaucoma and ocular hypertension treatment. Here, we will review how NO lowers IOP and the types of nitric oxide donors that have been developed. And a brief analysis of the advantages and challenges associated with the application will be made. The literature used in this review is based on Pubmed database search using ‘nitric oxide’ and ‘glaucoma’ as key words.
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Shortall K, Djeghader A, Magner E, Soulimane T. Insights into Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Enzymes: A Structural Perspective. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:659550. [PMID: 34055881 PMCID: PMC8160307 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.659550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases engage in many cellular functions, however their dysfunction resulting in accumulation of their substrates can be cytotoxic. ALDHs are responsible for the NAD(P)-dependent oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids, participating in detoxification, biosynthesis, antioxidant and regulatory functions. Severe diseases, including alcohol intolerance, cancer, cardiovascular and neurological diseases, were linked to dysfunctional ALDH enzymes, relating back to key enzyme structure. An in-depth understanding of the ALDH structure-function relationship and mechanism of action is key to the understanding of associated diseases. Principal structural features 1) cofactor binding domain, 2) active site and 3) oligomerization mechanism proved critical in maintaining ALDH normal activity. Emerging research based on the combination of structural, functional and biophysical studies of bacterial and eukaryotic ALDHs contributed to the appreciation of diversity within the superfamily. Herewith, we discuss these studies and provide our interpretation for a global understanding of ALDH structure and its purpose–including correct function and role in disease. Our analysis provides a synopsis of a common structure-function relationship to bridge the gap between the highly studied human ALDHs and lesser so prokaryotic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Shortall
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ahmed Djeghader
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Edmond Magner
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Tewfik Soulimane
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Cai YM, Zhang YD, Yang L. NO donors and NO delivery methods for controlling biofilms in chronic lung infections. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3931-3954. [PMID: 33937932 PMCID: PMC8140970 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), the highly reactive radical gas, provides an attractive strategy in the control of microbial infections. NO not only exhibits bactericidal effect at high concentrations but also prevents bacterial attachment and disperses biofilms at low, nontoxic concentrations, rendering bacteria less tolerant to antibiotic treatment. The endogenously generated NO by airway epithelium in healthy populations significantly contributes to the eradication of invading pathogens. However, this pathway is often compromised in patients suffering from chronic lung infections where biofilms dominate. Thus, exogenous supplementation of NO is suggested to improve the therapeutic outcomes of these infectious diseases. Compared to previous reviews focusing on the mechanism of NO-mediated biofilm inhibition, this review explores the applications of NO for inhibiting biofilms in chronic lung infections. It discusses how abnormal levels of NO in the airways contribute to chronic infections in cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) patients and why exogenous NO can be a promising antibiofilm strategy in clinical settings, as well as current and potential in vivo NO delivery methods. KEY POINTS : • The relationship between abnormal NO levels and biofilm development in lungs • The antibiofilm property of NO and current applications in lungs • Potential NO delivery methods and research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Cai
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Ying-Dan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Kim SM, Yuen T, Iqbal J, Rubin MR, Zaidi M. The NO-cGMP-PKG pathway in skeletal remodeling. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1487:21-30. [PMID: 32860248 PMCID: PMC7914295 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway plays a critical role in skeletal homeostasis. Preclinical data using NO and its donors and genetically modified mice demonstrated that NO was required in bone remodeling and partly mediated the anabolic effects of mechanical stimuli and estrogen. However, the off-target effects and tachyphylaxis of NO limit its long-term use, and previous clinical trials using organic nitrates for osteoporosis have been disappointing. Among the other components in the downstream pathway, targeting cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase to promote the NO-cGMP-PKG signal is a viable option. There are growing in vitro and in vivo data that, among many other PDE families, PDE5A is highly expressed in skeletal tissue, and inhibiting PDE5A using currently available PDE5A inhibitors might increase the osteoanabolic signal and protect the skeleton. These preclinical data open the possibility of repurposing PDE5A inhibitors for treating osteoporosis. Further research is needed to address the primary target bone cell of PDE5A inhibition, the contribution of direct and indirect effects of PDE5A inhibition, and the pathophysiological changes in skeletal PDE5A expression in aging and hypogonadal animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Min Kim
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Tony Yuen
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jameel Iqbal
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mishaela R Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mone Zaidi
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Andreadou I, Schulz R, Papapetropoulos A, Turan B, Ytrehus K, Ferdinandy P, Daiber A, Di Lisa F. The role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, NO and H 2 S in ischaemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6510-6522. [PMID: 32383522 PMCID: PMC7299678 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox signalling in mitochondria plays an important role in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and in cardioprotection. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) modify cellular structures and functions by means of covalent changes in proteins including among others S‐nitros(yl)ation by nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives, and S‐sulphydration by hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Many enzymes are involved in the mitochondrial formation and handling of ROS, NO and H2S under physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, the balance between formation and removal of reactive species is impaired during I/R favouring their accumulation. Therefore, various interventions aimed at decreasing mitochondrial ROS accumulation have been developed and have shown cardioprotective effects in experimental settings. However, ROS, NO and H2S play also a role in endogenous cardioprotection, as in the case of ischaemic pre‐conditioning, so that preventing their increase might hamper self‐defence mechanisms. The aim of the present review was to provide a critical analysis of formation and role of reactive species, NO and H2S in mitochondria, with a special emphasis on mechanisms of injury and protection that determine the fate of hearts subjected to I/R. The elucidation of the signalling pathways of ROS, NO and H2S is likely to reveal novel molecular targets for cardioprotection that could be modulated by pharmacological agents to prevent I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology 1, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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Ren T, Mackowiak B, Lin Y, Gao Y, Niu J, Gao B. Hepatic injury and inflammation alter ethanol metabolism and drinking behavior. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:111070. [PMID: 31870920 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
While liver injury is commonly associated with excessive alcohol consumption, how liver injury affects alcohol metabolism and drinking preference remains unclear. To answer these questions, we measured the expression and activity of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) enzymes, ethanol and acetaldehyde levels in vivo, and binge-like and preferential drinking behaviors with drinking in the dark and two-bottle choice in animal models with liver injury. Acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and acute LPS-induced liver injury repressed hepatic ALDH2 activity and expression and consequently, blood and liver acetaldehyde concentrations were increased in these models. In addition, chronic CCl4 and acute LPS treatment inhibited hepatic ADH1 expression and activity, leading to increases in blood and liver ethanol concentrations. Consistent with the increase in acetaldehyde levels, alcohol drinking behaviors were reduced in mice with acute or chronic liver injury. Furthermore, oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide attenuated ADH1 and ALDH2 activity post-transcriptionally, while proinflammatory cytokines led to transcriptional repression of ADH1 and ALDH2 in cultured hepatocytes, which correlated with the repression of transcription factor HNF4α. Collectively, our data suggest that alcohol metabolism is suppressed by inflammation and oxidative stress, which is correlated with decreased drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Ren
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yuhong Lin
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Kalinovic S, Oelze M, Kröller-Schön S, Steven S, Vujacic-Mirski K, Kvandová M, Schmal I, Al Zuabi A, Münzel T, Daiber A. Comparison of Mitochondrial Superoxide Detection Ex Vivo/In Vivo by mitoSOX HPLC Method with Classical Assays in Three Different Animal Models of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E514. [PMID: 31661873 PMCID: PMC6912540 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS such as H2O2, nitric oxide) are generated within the organism. Whereas physiological formation rates confer redox regulation of essential cellular functions and provide the basis for adaptive stress responses, their excessive formation contributes to impaired cellular function or even cell death, organ dysfunction and severe disease phenotypes of the entire organism. Therefore, quantification of RONS formation and knowledge of their tissue/cell/compartment-specific distribution is of great biological and clinical importance. METHODS Here, we used a high-performance/pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay to quantify the superoxide-specific oxidation product of the mitochondria-targeted fluorescence dye triphenylphosphonium-linked hydroethidium (mitoSOX) in biochemical systems and three animal models with established oxidative stress. Type 1 diabetes (single injection of streptozotocin), hypertension (infusion of angiotensin-II for 7 days) and nitrate tolerance (infusion of nitroglycerin for 4 days) was induced in male Wistar rats. RESULTS The usefulness of mitoSOX/HPLC for quantification of mitochondrial superoxide was confirmed by xanthine oxidase activity as well as isolated stimulated rat heart mitochondria in the presence or absence of superoxide scavengers. Vascular function was assessed by isometric tension methodology and was impaired in the rat models of oxidative stress. Vascular dysfunction correlated with increased mitoSOX oxidation but also classical RONS detection assays as well as typical markers of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION mitoSOX/HPLC represents a valid method for detection of mitochondrial superoxide formation in tissues of different animal disease models and correlates well with functional parameters and other markers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanela Kalinovic
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ksenija Vujacic-Mirski
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Miroslava Kvandová
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Isabella Schmal
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ahmad Al Zuabi
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Mulkareddy V, Racette SB, Coggan AR, Peterson LR. Dietary nitrate's effects on exercise performance in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:735-740. [PMID: 30261290 PMCID: PMC6401215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a deadly and disabling disease. A key derangement contributing to impaired exercise performance in HFrEF is decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Scientists recently discovered the inorganic nitrate pathway for increasing NO. This has advantages over organic nitrates and NO synthase production of NO. Small studies using beetroot juice as a source of inorganic nitrate demonstrate its power to improve exercise performance in HFrEF. A larger-scale trial is now underway to determine if inorganic nitrate may be a new arrow for physicians' quiver of HFrEF treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinaya Mulkareddy
- The Department of Medicine, 4960 Children's Place, Campus Box 8066, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Susan B Racette
- The Department of Medicine, 4960 Children's Place, Campus Box 8066, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8502, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108-2212, USA.
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 901 West New York Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 901 West New York Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Linda R Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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The Endothelin Receptor Antagonist Macitentan Improves Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate (ISMN) and Isosorbide Dinitrate (ISDN) Induced Endothelial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Vascular Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2018:7845629. [PMID: 30687454 PMCID: PMC6327264 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7845629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Organic nitrates such as isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) are used for the treatment of patients with chronic symptomatic stable coronary artery disease and chronic congestive heart failure. Limiting side effects of these nitrovasodilators include nitrate tolerance and/or endothelial dysfunction mediated by oxidative stress. Here, we tested the therapeutic effects of the dual endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist macitentan in ISMN- and ISDN-treated animals. Methods and Results Organic nitrates (ISMN, ISDN, and nitroglycerin (GTN)) augmented the oxidative burst and interleukin-6 release in cultured macrophages, whereas macitentan decreased the oxidative burst in isolated human leukocytes. Male C57BL/6j mice were treated with ISMN (75 mg/kg/d) or ISDN (25 mg/kg/d) via s.c. infusion for 7 days and some mice in addition with 30 mg/kg/d of macitentan (gavage, once daily). ISMN and ISDN in vivo therapy caused endothelial dysfunction but no nitrate (or cross-)tolerance to the organic nitrates, respectively. ISMN/ISDN increased blood nitrosative stress, vascular/cardiac oxidative stress via NOX-2 (fluorescence and chemiluminescence methods), ET1 expression, ET receptor signaling, and markers of inflammation (protein and mRNA level). ET receptor signaling blockade by macitentan normalized endothelial function, vascular/cardiac oxidative stress, and inflammatory phenotype in both nitrate therapy groups. Conclusion ISMN/ISDN treatment caused activation of the NOX-2/ET receptor signaling axis leading to increased vascular oxidative stress and inflammation as well as endothelial dysfunction. Our study demonstrates for the first time that blockade of ET receptor signaling by the dual endothelin receptor blocker macitentan improves adverse side effects of the organic nitrates ISMN and ISDN.
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14
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Hollas MA, Ben Aissa M, Lee SH, Gordon-Blake JM, Thatcher GRJ. Pharmacological manipulation of cGMP and NO/cGMP in CNS drug discovery. Nitric Oxide 2019; 82:59-74. [PMID: 30394348 PMCID: PMC7645969 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of small molecule modulators of NO/cGMP signaling for use in the CNS has lagged far behind the use of such clinical agents in the periphery, despite the central role played by NO/cGMP in learning and memory, and the substantial evidence that this signaling pathway is perturbed in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. The NO-chimeras, NMZ and Nitrosynapsin, have yielded beneficial and disease-modifying responses in multiple preclinical animal models, acting on GABAA and NMDA receptors, respectively, providing additional mechanisms of action relevant to synaptic and neuronal dysfunction. Several inhibitors of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases (PDE) have replicated some of the actions of these NO-chimeras in the CNS. There is no evidence that nitrate tolerance is a phenomenon relevant to the CNS actions of NO-chimeras, and studies on nitroglycerin in the periphery continue to challenge the dogma of nitrate tolerance mechanisms. Hybrid nitrates have shown much promise in the periphery and CNS, but to date only one treatment has received FDA approval, for glaucoma. The potential for allosteric modulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in brain disorders has not yet been fully explored nor exploited; whereas multiple applications of PDE inhibitors have been explored and many have stalled in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hollas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Manel Ben Aissa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sue H Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jesse M Gordon-Blake
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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15
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Jeong H, Moye LS, Southey BR, Hernandez AG, Dripps I, Romanova EV, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV, Pradhan AA, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Gene Network Dysregulation in the Trigeminal Ganglia and Nucleus Accumbens of a Model of Chronic Migraine-Associated Hyperalgesia. Front Syst Neurosci 2018; 12:63. [PMID: 30618656 PMCID: PMC6305622 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological agent nitroglycerin (NTG) elicits hyperalgesia and allodynia in mice. This model has been used to study the neurological disorder of trigeminovascular pain or migraine, a debilitating form of hyperalgesia. The present study validates hyperalgesia in an established mouse model of chronic migraine triggered by NTG and advances the understanding of the associated molecular mechanisms. The RNA-seq profiles of two nervous system regions associated with pain, the trigeminal ganglia (TG) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc), were compared in mice receiving chronic NTG treatment relative to control (CON) mice. Among the 109 genes that exhibited an NTG treatment-by-region interaction, solute carrier family 32 (GABA vesicular transporter) member 1 (Slc32a1) and preproenkephalin (Penk) exhibited reversal of expression patterns between the NTG and CON groups. Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (Erbb4) and solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter) member 2 (Slc1a2) exhibited consistent differential expression between treatments across regions albeit at different magnitude. Period circadian clock 1 (Per1) was among the 165 genes that exhibited significant NTG treatment effect. Biological processes disrupted by NTG in a region-specific manner included adaptive and innate immune responses; whereas glutamatergic and dopaminergic synapses and rhythmic process were disrupted in both regions. Regulatory network reconstruction highlighted the widespread role of several transcription factors (including Snrnp70, Smad1, Pax6, Cebpa, and Smpx) among the NTG-disrupted target genes. These results advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hyperalgesia that can be applied to therapies to ameliorate chronic pain and migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonsoo Jeong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Laura S. Moye
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bruce R. Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Alvaro G. Hernandez
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Isaac Dripps
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elena V. Romanova
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Amynah A. Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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16
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Opelt M, Wölkart G, Eroglu E, Waldeck-Weiermair M, Malli R, Graier WF, Kollau A, Fassett JT, Schrammel A, Mayer B, Gorren ACF. Sustained Formation of Nitroglycerin-Derived Nitric Oxide by Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 in Vascular Smooth Muscle without Added Reductants: Implications for the Development of Nitrate Tolerance. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:335-343. [PMID: 29358221 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
According to current views, oxidation of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) during glyceryltrinitrate (GTN) biotransformation is essentially involved in vascular nitrate tolerance and explains the dependence of this reaction on added thiols. Using a novel fluorescent intracellular nitric oxide (NO) probe expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we observed ALDH2-catalyzed formation of NO from GTN in the presence of exogenously added dithiothreitol (DTT), whereas only a short burst of NO, corresponding to a single turnover of ALDH2, occurred in the absence of DTT. This short burst of NO associated with oxidation of the reactive C302 residue in the active site was followed by formation of low-nanomolar NO, even without added DTT, indicating slow recovery of ALDH2 activity by an endogenous reductant. In addition to the thiol-reversible oxidation of ALDH2, thiol-refractive inactivation was observed, particularly under high-turnover conditions. Organ bath experiments with rat aortas showed that relaxation by GTN lasted longer than that caused by the NO donor diethylamine/NONOate, in line with the long-lasting nanomolar NO generation from GTN observed in VSMCs. Our results suggest that an endogenous reductant with low efficiency allows sustained generation of GTN-derived NO in the low-nanomolar range that is sufficient for vascular relaxation. On a longer time scale, mechanism-based, thiol-refractive irreversible inactivation of ALDH2, and possibly depletion of the endogenous reductant, will render blood vessels tolerant to GTN. Accordingly, full reactivation of oxidized ALDH2 may not occur in vivo and may not be necessary to explain GTN-induced vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Opelt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens University (M.O., G.W., A.K., J.T.F., A.S., B.M., A.C.F.G.), and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz (E.E., M.W.-W., R.M., W.F.G.), Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Wölkart
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens University (M.O., G.W., A.K., J.T.F., A.S., B.M., A.C.F.G.), and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz (E.E., M.W.-W., R.M., W.F.G.), Graz, Austria
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens University (M.O., G.W., A.K., J.T.F., A.S., B.M., A.C.F.G.), and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz (E.E., M.W.-W., R.M., W.F.G.), Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens University (M.O., G.W., A.K., J.T.F., A.S., B.M., A.C.F.G.), and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz (E.E., M.W.-W., R.M., W.F.G.), Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens University (M.O., G.W., A.K., J.T.F., A.S., B.M., A.C.F.G.), and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz (E.E., M.W.-W., R.M., W.F.G.), Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens University (M.O., G.W., A.K., J.T.F., A.S., B.M., A.C.F.G.), and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz (E.E., M.W.-W., R.M., W.F.G.), Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Kollau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens University (M.O., G.W., A.K., J.T.F., A.S., B.M., A.C.F.G.), and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz (E.E., M.W.-W., R.M., W.F.G.), Graz, Austria
| | - John T Fassett
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens University (M.O., G.W., A.K., J.T.F., A.S., B.M., A.C.F.G.), and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz (E.E., M.W.-W., R.M., W.F.G.), Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Schrammel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens University (M.O., G.W., A.K., J.T.F., A.S., B.M., A.C.F.G.), and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz (E.E., M.W.-W., R.M., W.F.G.), Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Mayer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens University (M.O., G.W., A.K., J.T.F., A.S., B.M., A.C.F.G.), and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz (E.E., M.W.-W., R.M., W.F.G.), Graz, Austria
| | - Antonius C F Gorren
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens University (M.O., G.W., A.K., J.T.F., A.S., B.M., A.C.F.G.), and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz (E.E., M.W.-W., R.M., W.F.G.), Graz, Austria
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17
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Pan C, Xing JH, Zhang C, Zhang YM, Zhang LT, Wei SJ, Zhang MX, Wang XP, Yuan QH, Xue L, Wang JL, Cui ZQ, Zhang Y, Xu F, Chen YG. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 inhibits inflammatory response and regulates atherosclerotic plaque. Oncotarget 2018; 7:35562-35576. [PMID: 27191745 PMCID: PMC5094945 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rs671 polymorphism, which eliminates ALDH2 activity down to 1%-6%, is a susceptibility gene for coronary disease. Here we investigated the underlying mechanisms based on our prior clinical and experimental studies. Male apoE-/- mice were transfected with GFP, ALDH2-overexpression and ALDH2-RNAi lentivirus respectively (n=20 each) after constrictive collars were placed around the right common carotid arteries. Consequently, ALDH2 gene silencing led to an increased en face plaque area, more unstable plaque with heavier accumulation of lipids, more macrophages, less smooth muscle cells and collagen, which were associated with aggravated inflammation. However, ALDH2 overexpression displayed opposing effects. We also found that ALDH2 activity decreased in atherosclerotic plaques of human and aged apoE-/- mice. Moreover, in vitro experiments with human umbilical vein endothelial cells further illustrated that, inhibition of ALDH2 activity resulted in elevating inflammatory molecules, an increase of nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and enhanced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, AP-1 c-Jun, Jun-N terminal kinase and p38 MAPK, while ALDH2 activation could trigger contrary effects. These findings suggested that ALDH2 can influence plaque development and vulnerability, and inflammation via MAPK, NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Pan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health of People's Republic of China, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Affiliated to Health Commission of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Jun-Hui Xing
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health of People's Republic of China, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Affiliated to Health Commission of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health of People's Republic of China, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Ying-Mei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lue-Tao Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health of People's Republic of China, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Affiliated to Health Commission of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Shu-Jian Wei
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health of People's Republic of China, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Affiliated to Health Commission of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health of People's Republic of China, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xu-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health of People's Republic of China, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Qiu-Huan Yuan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health of People's Republic of China, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Affiliated to Health Commission of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health of People's Republic of China, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Affiliated to Health Commission of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Jia-Li Wang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health of People's Republic of China, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Affiliated to Health Commission of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Zhao-Qiang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health of People's Republic of China, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health of People's Republic of China, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health of People's Republic of China, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Affiliated to Health Commission of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yu-Guo Chen
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health of People's Republic of China, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Affiliated to Health Commission of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
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18
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Maruhashi T, Iwamoto Y, Kajikawa M, Oda N, Kishimoto S, Matsui S, Hashimoto H, Aibara Y, Yusoff FM, Hidaka T, Kihara Y, Chayama K, Noma K, Nakashima A, Goto C, Hida E, Higashi Y. Interrelationships Among Flow-Mediated Vasodilation, Nitroglycerine-Induced Vasodilation, Baseline Brachial Artery Diameter, Hyperemic Shear Stress, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 7:e006797. [PMID: 29288158 PMCID: PMC5778958 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery has been used for the assessment of endothelial function. Considering the mechanism underlying the vasodilatory response of the brachial artery to reactive hyperemia, hyperemic shear stress (HSS), a stimulus for FMD; nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID), an index of endothelium-independent vasodilation; and baseline brachial artery diameter (BAD) are also involved in vasodilatory response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interrelationships among FMD, HSS, NID, baseline BAD, and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured FMD, HSS, NID, and baseline BAD simultaneously in 1033 participants (633 men and 400 women; mean age: 58.6±17.0 years). Framingham risk score was negatively correlated with FMD, HSS, and NID and was positively correlated with baseline BAD. HSS and NID were positively correlated with FMD, and baseline BAD was negatively correlated with FMD. In participants with normal NID, FMD was correlated with HSS, NID, and baseline BAD, all of which were independent variables of FMD in multivariate analysis. In participants with impaired NID, FMD was correlated with NID and baseline BAD, both of which were independent variables of FMD in multivariate analysis, but there was no association between FMD and HSS. CONCLUSIONS NID and baseline BAD were independent variables of FMD regardless of the status of endothelium-independent vasodilation, whereas there was a significant association between FMD and HSS in participants with normal NID but not in those with impaired NID. The influence of HSS on FMD seems to be dependent on the status of endothelium-independent vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yumiko Iwamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Kajikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nozomu Oda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Matsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Haruki Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Aibara
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Farina Mohamad Yusoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hidaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kensuke Noma
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chikara Goto
- Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eisuke Hida
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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19
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Divakaran S, Loscalzo J. The Role of Nitroglycerin and Other Nitrogen Oxides in Cardiovascular Therapeutics. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:2393-2410. [PMID: 29096811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of nitroglycerin in the treatment of angina pectoris began not long after its original synthesis in 1847. Since then, the discovery of nitric oxide as a biological effector and better understanding of its roles in vasodilation, cell permeability, platelet function, inflammation, and other vascular processes have advanced our knowledge of the hemodynamic (mostly mediated through vasodilation of capacitance and conductance arteries) and nonhemodynamic effects of organic nitrate therapy, via both nitric oxide-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Nitrates are rapidly absorbed from mucous membranes, the gastrointestinal tract, and the skin; thus, nitroglycerin is available in a number of preparations for delivery via several routes: oral tablets, sublingual tablets, buccal tablets, sublingual spray, transdermal ointment, and transdermal patch, as well as intravenous formulations. Organic nitrates are commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, but clinical data limit their use mostly to the treatment of angina. They are also used in the treatment of subsets of patients with heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. One major limitation of the use of nitrates is the development of tolerance. Although several agents have been studied for use in the prevention of nitrate tolerance, none are currently recommended owing to a paucity of supportive clinical data. Only 1 method of preventing nitrate tolerance remains widely accepted: the use of a dosing strategy that provides an interval of no or low nitrate exposure during each 24-h period. Nitric oxide's important role in several cardiovascular disease mechanisms continues to drive research toward finding novel ways to affect both endogenous and exogenous sources of this key molecular mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Divakaran
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Ben Aissa M, Tipton AF, Bertels Z, Gandhi R, Moye LS, Novack M, Bennett BM, Wang Y, Litosh V, Lee SH, Gaisina IN, Thatcher GR, Pradhan AA. Soluble guanylyl cyclase is a critical regulator of migraine-associated pain. Cephalalgia 2017; 38:1471-1484. [PMID: 29022756 DOI: 10.1177/0333102417737778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Nitric oxide (NO) has been heavily implicated in migraine. Nitroglycerin is a prototypic NO-donor, and triggers migraine in humans. However, nitroglycerin also induces oxidative/nitrosative stress and is a source of peroxynitrite - factors previously linked with migraine etiology. Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is the high affinity NO receptor in the body, and the aim of this study was to identify the precise role of sGC in acute and chronic migraine. Methods We developed a novel brain-bioavailable sGC stimulator (VL-102), and tested its hyperalgesic properties in mice. We also determined the effect of VL-102 on c-fos and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity within the trigeminovascular complex. In addition, we also tested the known sGC inhibitor, ODQ, within the chronic nitroglycerin migraine model. Results VL-102-evoked acute and chronic mechanical cephalic and hind-paw allodynia in a dose-dependent manner, which was blocked by the migraine medications sumatriptan, propranolol, and topiramate. In addition, VL-102 also increased c-fos and CGRP expressing cells within the trigeminovascular complex. Importantly, ODQ completely inhibited acute and chronic hyperalgesia induced by nitroglycerin. ODQ also blocked hyperalgesia already established by chronic nitroglycerin, implicating this pathway in migraine chronicity. Conclusions These results indicate that nitroglycerin causes migraine-related pain through stimulation of the sGC pathway, and that super-activation of this receptor may be an important component for the maintenance of chronic migraine. This work opens the possibility for negative sGC modulators as novel migraine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Ben Aissa
- 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 UICentre for Drug Discovery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alycia F Tipton
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zachariah Bertels
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ronak Gandhi
- 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura S Moye
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madeline Novack
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian M Bennett
- 4 Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Yueting Wang
- 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 UICentre for Drug Discovery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vladislav Litosh
- 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 UICentre for Drug Discovery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sue H Lee
- 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 UICentre for Drug Discovery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irina N Gaisina
- 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 UICentre for Drug Discovery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory Rj Thatcher
- 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 UICentre for Drug Discovery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amynah A Pradhan
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Daiber A, Oelze M, Steven S, Kröller-Schön S, Münzel T. Taking up the cudgels for the traditional reactive oxygen and nitrogen species detection assays and their use in the cardiovascular system. Redox Biol 2017; 12:35-49. [PMID: 28212522 PMCID: PMC5312509 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS such as H2O2, nitric oxide) confer redox regulation of essential cellular functions (e.g. differentiation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis), initiate and catalyze adaptive stress responses. In contrast, excessive formation of RONS caused by impaired break-down by cellular antioxidant systems and/or insufficient repair of the resulting oxidative damage of biomolecules may lead to appreciable impairment of cellular function and in the worst case to cell death, organ dysfunction and severe disease phenotypes of the entire organism. Therefore, the knowledge of the severity of oxidative stress and tissue specific localization is of great biological and clinical importance. However, at this level of investigation quantitative information may be enough. For the development of specific drugs, the cellular and subcellular localization of the sources of RONS or even the nature of the reactive species may be of great importance, and accordingly, more qualitative information is required. These two different philosophies currently compete with each other and their different needs (also reflected by different detection assays) often lead to controversial discussions within the redox research community. With the present review we want to shed some light on these different philosophies and needs (based on our personal views), but also to defend some of the traditional assays for the detection of RONS that work very well in our hands and to provide some guidelines how to use and interpret the results of these assays. We will also provide an overview on the "new assays" with a brief discussion on their strengths but also weaknesses and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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22
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Steven S, Oelze M, Hanf A, Kröller-Schön S, Kashani F, Roohani S, Welschof P, Kopp M, Gödtel-Armbrust U, Xia N, Li H, Schulz E, Lackner KJ, Wojnowski L, Bottari SP, Wenzel P, Mayoux E, Münzel T, Daiber A. The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin improves the primary diabetic complications in ZDF rats. Redox Biol 2017; 13:370-385. [PMID: 28667906 PMCID: PMC5491464 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia associated with inflammation and oxidative stress is a major cause of vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Recent data reports that a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), empagliflozin (Jardiance®), ameliorates glucotoxicity via excretion of excess glucose in urine (glucosuria) and significantly improves cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The overarching hypothesis is that hyperglycemia and glucotoxicity are upstream of all other complications seen in diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of empagliflozin on glucotoxicity, β-cell function, inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Male ZDF rats were used as a model of T2DM (35 diabetic ZDF‐Leprfa/fa and 16 ZDF-Lepr+/+ controls). Empagliflozin (10 and 30 mg/kg/d) was administered via drinking water for 6 weeks. Treatment with empagliflozin restored glycemic control. Empagliflozin improved endothelial function (thoracic aorta) and reduced oxidative stress in the aorta and in blood of diabetic rats. Inflammation and glucotoxicity (AGE/RAGE signaling) were epigenetically prevented by SGLT2i treatment (ChIP). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation of endothelial function with HbA1c, whereas leukocyte-dependent oxidative burst and C-reactive protein (CRP) were positively correlated with HbA1c. Viability of hyperglycemic endothelial cells was pleiotropically improved by SGLT2i. Empagliflozin reduces glucotoxicity and thereby prevents the development of endothelial dysfunction, reduces oxidative stress and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in ZDF rats, despite persisting hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia. Our preclinical observations provide insights into the mechanisms by which empagliflozin reduces cardiovascular mortality in humans (EMPA-REG trial). Hyperglycemia induces vascular complications and cardiovascular disease. Empagliflozin reduces hyperglycemia and cardiovascular mortality (EMPA-REG trial). Here, empagliflozin normalized vascular function and oxidative stress in ZDF rats. Here, empagliflozin reduced AGE/RAGE signaling, inflammation and oxidative stress. Here, empagliflozin conferred glycemic control, epigenetic and pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alina Hanf
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Kashani
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siyer Roohani
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Welschof
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kopp
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ute Gödtel-Armbrust
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schulz
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 - CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble-Alps University and Institute for Biology and Pathology, CHU, Grenoble, France
| | - Leszek Wojnowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Serge P Bottari
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Eric Mayoux
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany.
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23
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Sun X, Zhu H, Dong Z, Liu X, Ma X, Han S, Lu F, Wang P, Qian S, Wang C, Shen C, Zhao X, Zou Y, Ge J, Sun A. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 deficiency compromises therapeutic effect of ALDH bright cell on peripheral ischemia. Redox Biol 2017; 13:196-206. [PMID: 28582728 PMCID: PMC5458766 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autologous ALDH bright (ALDHbr) cell therapy for ischemic injury is clinically safe and effective, while the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that the glycolysis dominant metabolism of ALDHbr cells is permissive to restore blood flow in an ischemic hind limb model compared with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs). PCR array analysis showed overtly elevated Aldh2 expression of ALDHbr cells following hypoxic challenge. Notably, ALDHbr cells therapy induced blood flow recovery in this model was reduced in case of ALDH2 deficiency. Moreover, significantly reduced glycolysis flux and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected in ALDHbr cell from Aldh2-/- mice. Compromised effect on blood flow recovery was also noticed post transplanting the human ALDHbr cell from ALDH2 deficient patients (GA or AA genotypes) in this ischemic hindlimb mice model. Taken together, our findings illustrate the indispensable role of ALDH2 in maintaining glycolysis dominant metabolism of ALDHbr cell and advocate that patient's Aldh2 genotype is a prerequisite for the efficacy of ALDHbr cell therapy for peripheral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangwei Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shasha Han
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sanli Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaona Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China.
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24
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Zhou Q, Sun Y, Tan W, Liu X, Qian Y, Ma X, Wang T, Wang X, Gao X. Effect of Shenmai injection on preventing the development of nitroglycerin-induced tolerance in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176777. [PMID: 28453571 PMCID: PMC5409518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term nitroglycerin (NTG) therapy causes tolerance to its effects attributing to increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Shenmai injection (SMI), which is clinically used to treat cardiovascular diseases, consists of two herbal medicines, Ginseng Rubra and Ophiopogonjaponicas, and is reported to have antioxidant effects. The present study was designed to investigate the potential preventive effects of Shenmai injection on development of nitroglycerin-induced tolerance. The present study involves both in vivo and in vitro experiments to investigate nitroglycerin-induced tolerance. We examined the effect of Shenmai injection on the cardiovascular oxidative stress by measuring the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Endothelial dysfunction was determined by an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation method in aortic rings and NOS activity. Inhibition of the cGMP/cGK-I signalling pathway was determined from released serum levels of cGMP and the protein expression levels of sGC, cGK-I, PDE1A and P-VASP by western blot. Here, we showed that SMI ameliorated the decrease in AV Peak Vel, the attenuation in the vasodilation response to nitroglycerin and endothelial dysfunction. SMI also reduced the cardiovascular oxidative stress by reducing the release of MDA and increasing the activity of SOD. Shenmai injection further ameliorated inhibition of the cGMP/cGK-I signalling pathway triggered by nitroglycerin-induced tolerance through up-regulating the protein expression of sGC, cGK-I, and P-VASP and down- regulating the proteins expression of PDE1A. In vitro studies showed that Shenmai injection could recover the attenuated vasodilation response to nitroglycerin following incubation (of aortic rings) with nitroglycerin via activating the enzymes of sGC and cGK-I. Therefore, we conclude that Shenmai injection could prevent NTG nitroglycerin-induced tolerance at least in part by decreasing the cardiovascular oxidative stress, meliorating the endothelial dysfunction and ameliorating the inhibition of the cGMP/cGK-I signalling pathway. These findings indicate the potential of Shenmai injection (SMI) as a promising medicine for preventing the development of nitroglycerin-induced tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wangxiao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuchen Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Leo CH, Fernando DT, Tran L, Ng HH, Marshall SA, Parry LJ. Serelaxin Treatment Reduces Oxidative Stress and Increases Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 to Attenuate Nitrate Tolerance. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:141. [PMID: 28377719 PMCID: PMC5359255 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is a commonly prescribed treatment for acute heart failure patients. However, prolonged GTN treatment induces tolerance, largely due to increased oxidative stress and reduced aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH-2) expression. Serelaxin has several vasoprotective properties, which include reducing oxidative stress and augmenting endothelial function. We therefore tested the hypothesis in rodents that serelaxin treatment could attenuate low-dose GTN-induced tolerance. Methods and Results: Co-incubation of mouse aortic rings ex vivo with GTN (10 μM) and serelaxin (10 nM) for 1 h, restored GTN responses, suggesting that serelaxin prevented the development of GTN tolerance. Male Wistar rats were subcutaneously infused with ethanol (control), low-dose GTN+placebo or low-dose GTN+serelaxin via osmotic minipumps for 3 days. Aortic vascular function and superoxide levels were assessed using wire myography and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence assay respectively. Changes in aortic ALDH-2 expression were measured by qPCR and Western blot respectively. GTN+placebo infusion significantly increased superoxide levels, decreased ALDH-2 and attenuated GTN-mediated vascular relaxation. Serelaxin co-treatment with GTN significantly enhanced GTN-mediated vascular relaxation, reduced superoxide levels and increased ALDH-2 expression compared to GTN+placebo-treated rats. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that a combination of serelaxin treatment with low dose GTN attenuates the development of GTN-induced tolerance by reducing superoxide production and increasing ALDH-2 expression in the rat aorta. We suggest that serelaxin may improve nitrate efficacy in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huei Leo
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | | | - Lillie Tran
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Hooi Hooi Ng
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah A Marshall
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J Parry
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
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Beuve A. Thiol-Based Redox Modulation of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase, the Nitric Oxide Receptor. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:137-149. [PMID: 26906466 PMCID: PMC5240013 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), which produces the second messenger cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP), is at the crossroads of nitric oxide (NO) signaling: sGC catalytic activity is both stimulated by NO binding to the heme and inhibited by NO modification of its cysteine (Cys) thiols (S-nitrosation). Modulation of sGC activity by thiol oxidation makes sGC a therapeutic target for pathologies originating from oxidative or nitrosative stress. sGC has an unusually high percentage of Cys for a cytosolic protein, the majority solvent exposed and therefore accessible modulatory targets for biological and pathophysiological signaling. Recent Advances: Thiol oxidation of sGC contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases by decreasing NO-dependent cGMP production and thereby vascular reactivity. This thiol-based resistance to NO (e.g., increase in peripheral resistance) is observed in hypertension and hyperaldosteronism. CRITICAL ISSUES Some roles of specific Cys thiols have been identified in vitro. So far, it has not been possible to pinpoint the roles of specific Cys of sGC in vivo and to investigate the molecular mechanisms in an animal model. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The role of Cys as redox sensors, intermediates of activation, and mediators of change in sGC conformation, activity, and dimerization remains largely unexplored. To understand modulation of sGC activity, it is critical to investigate the roles of specific oxidative thiol modifications that are formed during these processes. Where the redox state of sGC thiols contribute to pathologies (vascular resistance and sGC desensitization by NO donors), it becomes crucial to design therapeutic strategies to restore sGC to its normal, physiological thiol redox state. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 137-149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Beuve
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers , Newark, New Jersey
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27
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Kalyanaraman H, Ramdani G, Joshua J, Schall N, Boss GR, Cory E, Sah RL, Casteel DE, Pilz RB. A Novel, Direct NO Donor Regulates Osteoblast and Osteoclast Functions and Increases Bone Mass in Ovariectomized Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:46-59. [PMID: 27391172 PMCID: PMC5199609 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Most US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments for osteoporosis target osteoclastic bone resorption. Only PTH derivatives improve bone formation, but they have drawbacks, and novel bone-anabolic agents are needed. Nitrates, which generate NO, improved BMD in estrogen-deficient rats and may improve bone formation markers and BMD in postmenopausal women. However, nitrates are limited by induction of oxidative stress and development of tolerance, and may increase cardiovascular mortality after long-term use. Here we studied nitrosyl-cobinamide (NO-Cbi), a novel, direct NO-releasing agent, in a mouse model of estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. In murine primary osteoblasts, NO-Cbi increased intracellular cGMP, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, proliferation, and osteoblastic gene expression, and protected cells from apoptosis. Correspondingly, in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female C57Bl/6 mice, NO-Cbi increased serum cGMP concentrations, bone formation, and osteoblastic gene expression, and in OVX mice, it prevented osteocyte apoptosis. NO-Cbi reduced osteoclasts in intact mice and prevented the known increase in osteoclasts in OVX mice, partially through a reduction in the RANKL/osteoprotegerin gene expression ratio, which regulates osteoclast differentiation, and partially through direct inhibition of osteoclast differentiation, observed in vitro in the presence of excess RANKL. The positive NO effects in osteoblasts were mediated by cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG), but some of the osteoclast-inhibitory effects appeared to be cGMP-independent. NO-Cbi increased trabecular bone mass in both intact and OVX mice, consistent with its in vitro effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. NO-Cbi is a novel direct NO-releasing agent that, in contrast to nitrates, does not generate oxygen radicals, and combines anabolic and antiresorptive effects in bone, making it an excellent candidate for treating osteoporosis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Kalyanaraman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Ghania Ramdani
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Jisha Joshua
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Nadine Schall
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Esther Cory
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Robert L. Sah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Darren E. Casteel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Renate B. Pilz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
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Activation of ALDH2 with Low Concentration of Ethanol Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetes Rat Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6190504. [PMID: 27829984 PMCID: PMC5088338 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6190504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to observe the change of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) when diabetes mellitus (DM) rat heart was subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) intervention and analyze its underlying mechanisms. DM rat hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischemia and 120 min reperfusion in vitro and pretreated with ALDH2 activator ethanol (EtOH); cardiomyocyte in high glucose (HG) condition was pretreated with ALDH2 activator Alda-1. In control I/R group, myocardial tissue structure collapse appeared. Compared with control I/R group, left ventricular parameters, SOD activity, the level of Bcl-2/Bax mRNA, ALDH2 mRNA, and protein expressions were decreased and LDH and MDA contents were increased, meanwhile the aggravation of myocardial structure injury in DM I/R group. When DM I/R rats were pretreated with EtOH, left ventricular parameters, SOD, Bcl-2/Bax, and ALDH2 expression were increased; LDH, MDA, and myocardial structure injury were attenuated. Compared with DM + EtOH I/R group, cyanamide (ALDH2 nonspecific blocker), atractyloside (mitoPTP opener), and wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) groups all decreased left ventricular parameters, SOD, Bcl-2/Bax, and ALDH2 and increased LDH, MDA, and myocardial injury. When cardiomyocyte was under HG condition, CCK-8 activity and ALDH2 protein expression were decreased. Alda-1 increased CCK-8 and ALDH2. Our findings suggested enhanced ALDH2 expression in diabetic I/R rats played the cardioprotective role, maybe through activating PI3K and inhibiting mitoPTP opening.
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El-Gharabawy RM, Ahmed AS, Al-Najjar AH. Cataract induction by administration of nitroglycerin in cardiac patients through imbalance in redox status. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:1487-1496. [PMID: 27729797 PMCID: PMC5045900 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s114469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of nitroglycerin in the pathogenesis of cataract. Design Prospective study. Patient and methods This study was performed in adults from tertiary Saudi Arabian hospitals (34 males and 26 females in each group, aged from 40 to 60 years), who were divided into four groups with an equal number of subjects (control group, cardiac group, idiopathic cataract group, and a group of cardiac patients using nitroglycerin and with cataracts). Fasting glucose concentrations, blood glycated hemoglobin levels, lipid profiles, and levels of nitrite, conjugated dienes (CD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined. Results Treatment of cardiac patients with nitroglycerin produced an imbalance in their systemic redox status, leading to the development of cataracts, which was reflected by a significant increase in the levels of nitrite, CD, and TBARS and a significant decrease in SOD activity and GSH, compared with idiopathic cataract patients. The results of correlation studies and multiple regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between different biochemical parameters (GSH, SOD, TBARS, CD, and nitrite) in the blood and lens in both idiopathic cataract patients and cardiac patients treated with nitroglycerin. Conclusion The study points to the relative and predictive effects of nitric oxide derived from nitroglycerin in the development of cataract in the presence of the oxidative stress induced by nitroglycerin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M El-Gharabawy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta
| | - Amira S Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Hormone Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal H Al-Najjar
- Pharmacy Services Department, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Mikhed Y, Fahrer J, Oelze M, Kröller-Schön S, Steven S, Welschof P, Zinßius E, Stamm P, Kashani F, Roohani S, Kress JM, Ullmann E, Tran LP, Schulz E, Epe B, Kaina B, Münzel T, Daiber A. Nitroglycerin induces DNA damage and vascular cell death in the setting of nitrate tolerance. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mizuno Y, Hokimoto S, Harada E, Kinoshita K, Nakagawa K, Yoshimura M, Ogawa H, Yasue H. Variant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2*2) Is a Risk Factor for Coronary Spasm and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003247. [PMID: 27153870 PMCID: PMC4889196 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) plays a key role in removing toxic aldehydes. Deficient variant ALDH2*2 genotype is prevalent in up to 40% of the East Asians and reported to be associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the association of ALDH2*2 with AMI, we compared the clinical features of AMI patients with ALDH2*2 to those with wild-type ALDH2*1/*1. METHODS AND RESULTS The study subjects consisted of 202 Japanese patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (156 men and 46 women; mean age, 67.3±12.0) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In 85 patients, provocation test for coronary spasm was also done 6 month post-PCI. ALDH2 genotyping was performed by direct application of the TaqMan polymerase chain system. Of the 202 patients, 103 (51.0%) were carriers of ALDH2*2 and 99 (49.0%) those of ALDH2*1/*1. There were no differences in clinical features between ALDH2*2 and ALDH2*1/*1 carrier groups except higher frequencies of coronary spasm and alcohol flush syndrome (AFS) (88.6% vs 56.1%; P=0.001 and 94.3% vs 17.6%; P<0.001), less-frequent alcohol habit (14.6% vs 51.5%; P<0.001), and higher peak plasma creatine phophokinase levels (2224 vs 1617 mg/dL; P=0.002) in the ALDH2*2 than the ALDH2*1/*1 carrier group. CONCLUSIONS ALDH2*2 is prevalent (51.0%) among Japanese STEMI patients, and those with ALDH2*2 had higher frequencies of coronary spasm and AFS and more-severe myocardial injury compared to those with ALDH2*1/*1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Mizuno
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Hokimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eisaku Harada
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kinoshita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Koshien Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kazuko Nakagawa
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yoshimura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisao Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yasue
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
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Nanoliposomal Nitroglycerin Exerts Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16258. [PMID: 26584637 PMCID: PMC4653649 DOI: 10.1038/srep16258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroglycerin (NTG) markedly enhances nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. However, its ability to mimic the anti-inflammatory properties of NO remains unknown. Here, we examined whether NTG can suppress endothelial cell (EC) activation during inflammation and developed NTG nanoformulation to simultaneously amplify its anti-inflammatory effects and ameliorate adverse effects associated with high-dose NTG administration. Our findings reveal that NTG significantly inhibits human U937 cell adhesion to NO-deficient human microvascular ECs in vitro through an increase in endothelial NO and decrease in endothelial ICAM-1 clustering, as determined by NO analyzer, microfluorimetry, and immunofluorescence staining. Nanoliposomal NTG (NTG-NL) was formulated by encapsulating NTG within unilamellar lipid vesicles (DPhPC, POPC, Cholesterol, DHPE-Texas Red at molar ratio of 6:2:2:0.2) that were ~155 nm in diameter and readily uptaken by ECs, as determined by dynamic light scattering and quantitative fluorescence microscopy, respectively. More importantly, NTG-NL produced a 70-fold increase in NTG therapeutic efficacy when compared with free NTG while preventing excessive mitochondrial superoxide production associated with high NTG doses. Thus, these findings, which are the first to reveal the superior therapeutic effects of an NTG nanoformulation, provide the rationale for their detailed investigation for potentially superior vascular normalization therapies.
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Daiber A, Münzel T. Organic Nitrate Therapy, Nitrate Tolerance, and Nitrate-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Emphasis on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:899-942. [PMID: 26261901 PMCID: PMC4752190 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin (GTN), isosorbide-5-mononitrate and isosorbide dinitrate, and pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN), when given acutely, have potent vasodilator effects improving symptoms in patients with acute and chronic congestive heart failure, stable coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndromes, or arterial hypertension. The mechanisms underlying vasodilation include the release of •NO or a related compound in response to intracellular bioactivation (for GTN, the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase [ALDH-2]) and activation of the enzyme, soluble guanylyl cyclase. Increasing cyclic guanosine-3',-5'-monophosphate (cGMP) levels lead to an activation of the cGMP-dependent kinase I, thereby causing the relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle by decreasing intracellular calcium concentrations. The hemodynamic and anti-ischemic effects of organic nitrates are rapidly lost upon long-term (low-dose) administration due to the rapid development of tolerance and endothelial dysfunction, which is in most cases linked to increased intracellular oxidative stress. Enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species under nitrate therapy include mitochondria, NADPH oxidases, and an uncoupled •NO synthase. Acute high-dose challenges with organic nitrates cause a similar loss of potency (tachyphylaxis), but with distinct pathomechanism. The differences among organic nitrates are highlighted regarding their potency to induce oxidative stress and subsequent tolerance and endothelial dysfunction. We also address pleiotropic effects of organic nitrates, for example, their capacity to stimulate antioxidant pathways like those demonstrated for PETN, all of which may prevent adverse effects in response to long-term therapy. Based on these considerations, we will discuss and present some preclinical data on how the nitrate of the future should be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- The 2nd Medical Clinic, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- The 2nd Medical Clinic, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz, Germany
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Zhao Y, Wang C. Glu504Lys Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene and the Risk of Human Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:174050. [PMID: 26491656 PMCID: PMC4600480 DOI: 10.1155/2015/174050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that is known for its important role in oxidation and detoxification of ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde. ALDH2 also metabolizes other reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and acrolein. The Glu504Lys single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ALDH2 gene, which is found in approximately 40% of the East Asian populations, causes defect in the enzyme activity of ALDH2, leading to alterations in acetaldehyde metabolism and alcohol-induced "flushing" syndrome. Evidence suggests that ALDH2 Glu504Lys SNP is a potential candidate genetic risk factor for a variety of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the association between ALDH2 Glu504Lys SNP and the development of these chronic diseases appears to be affected by the interaction between the SNP and lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption as well as by the presence of other genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Chuancai Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
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Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Their Role in Age-Related Vascular Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15918-53. [PMID: 26184181 PMCID: PMC4519931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is significantly increased in the older population. Risk factors and predictors of future cardiovascular events such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, or diabetes are observed with higher frequency in elderly individuals. A major determinant of vascular aging is endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impaired endothelium-dependent signaling processes. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress, loss of nitric oxide (•NO) signaling, loss of endothelial barrier function and infiltration of leukocytes to the vascular wall, explaining the low-grade inflammation characteristic for the aged vasculature. We here discuss the importance of different sources of ROS for vascular aging and their contribution to the increased cardiovascular risk in the elderly population with special emphasis on mitochondrial ROS formation and oxidative damage of mitochondrial DNA. Also the interaction (crosstalk) of mitochondria with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases is highlighted. Current concepts of vascular aging, consequences for the development of cardiovascular events and the particular role of ROS are evaluated on the basis of cell culture experiments, animal studies and clinical trials. Present data point to a more important role of oxidative stress for the maximal healthspan (healthy aging) than for the maximal lifespan.
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Wölkart G, Beretta M, Wenzl MV, Stessel H, Schmidt K, Maeda N, Mayer B, Schrammel A. Tolerance to nitroglycerin through proteasomal down-regulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 in a genetic mouse model of ascorbate deficiency. Br J Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 23194305 PMCID: PMC3623057 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose L-gulonolactone oxidase-deficient (Gulo(-/-)) mice were used to study the effects of ascorbate deficiency on aortic relaxation by nitroglycerin (GTN) with focus on changes in the expression and activity of vascular aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), which catalyses GTN bioactivation. Experimental Approach Ascorbate deficiency was induced in Gulo(-/-) mice by ascorbate deprivation for 4 weeks. Some of the animals were concomitantly treated with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and effects compared with ascorbate-supplemented Gulo(-/-), untreated or nitrate-tolerant wild-type mice. Aortic relaxation of the experimental groups to GTN, ACh and a NO donor was studied. Changes in mRNA and protein expression of vascular ALDH2 were quantified by qPCR and immunoblotting, respectively, and aortic GTN denitration rates determined. Key Results Like GTN treatment, ascorbate deprivation induced vascular tolerance to GTN that was associated with markedly decreased rates of GTN denitration. Ascorbate deficiency did not affect ALDH2 mRNA levels, but reduced ALDH2 protein expression and the total amount of ubiquitinated proteins to about 40% of wild-type controls. These effects were largely prevented by ascorbate supplementation or treating Gulo(-/-) mice with the 26S proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Conclusions and Implications Our data indicate that ascorbate deficiency results in vascular tolerance to GTN via proteasomal degradation of ALDH2. The results support the view that impaired ALDH2-catalysed metabolism of GTN contributes significantly to the development of vascular nitrate tolerance and reveal a hitherto unrecognized protective effect of ascorbate in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wölkart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
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Neubauer R, Wölkart G, Opelt M, Schwarzenegger C, Hofinger M, Neubauer A, Kollau A, Schmidt K, Schrammel A, Mayer B. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-independent bioactivation of nitroglycerin in porcine and bovine blood vessels. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 93:440-8. [PMID: 25576686 PMCID: PMC4321882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The vascular bioactivation of the antianginal drug nitroglycerin (GTN), yielding 1,2-glycerol dinitrate and nitric oxide or a related activator of soluble guanylate cyclase, is catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) in rodent and human blood vessels. The essential role of ALDH2 has been confirmed in many studies and is considered as general principle of GTN-induced vasodilation in mammals. However, this view is challenged by an early report showing that diphenyleneiodonium, which we recently characterized as potent ALDH2 inhibitor, has no effect on GTN-induced relaxation of bovine coronary arteries (De La Lande et al., 1996). We investigated this issue and found that inhibition of ALDH2 attenuates GTN-induced coronary vasodilation in isolated perfused rat hearts but has no effect on relaxation to GTN of bovine and porcine coronary arteries. This observation is explained by low levels of ALDH2 protein expression in bovine coronary arteries and several types of porcine blood vessels. ALDH2 mRNA expression and the rates of GTN denitration were similarly low, excluding a significant contribution of ALDH2 to the bioactivation of GTN in these vessels. Attempts to identify the responsible pathway with enzyme inhibitors did not provide conclusive evidence for the involvement of ALDH3A1, cytochrome P450, or GSH-S-transferase. Thus, the present manuscript describes a hitherto unrecognized pathway of GTN bioactivation in bovine and porcine blood vessels. If present in the human vasculature, this pathway might contribute to the therapeutic effects of organic nitrates that are not metabolized by ALDH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Neubauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Wölkart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria
| | - Marissa Opelt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria
| | | | - Marielies Hofinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Neubauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Kollau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Schrammel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria.
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Human ALDH1B1 polymorphisms may affect the metabolism of acetaldehyde and all-trans retinaldehyde--in vitro studies and computational modeling. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1648-62. [PMID: 25413692 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate additional substrate specificities of ALDH1B1 and determine the effect that human ALDH1B1 polymorphisms will have on substrate specificity. METHODS Computational-based molecular modeling was used to predict the binding of the substrates propionaldehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, nitroglycerin, and all-trans retinaldehyde to ALDH1B1. Based on positive in silico results, the capacity of purified human recombinant ALDH1B1 to metabolize nitroglycerin and all-trans retinaldehyde was explored. Additionally, metabolism of 4-HNE by ALDH1B1 was revisited. Databases queried to find human polymorphisms of ALDH1B1 identified three major variants: ALDH1B1*2 (A86V), ALDH1B1*3 (L107R), and ALDH1B1*5 (M253V). Computational modeling was used to predict the binding of substrates and of cofactor (NAD(+)) to the variants. These human polymorphisms were created and expressed in a bacterial system and specific activity was determined. RESULTS ALDH1B1 metabolizes (and appears to be inhibited by) nitroglycerin and has favorable kinetics for the metabolism of all-trans retinaldehyde. ALDH1B1 metabolizes 4-HNE with higher apparent affinity than previously described, but with low throughput. Recombinant ALDH1B1*2 is catalytically inactive, whereas both ALDH1B1*3 and ALDH1B1*5 are catalytically active. Modeling indicated that the lack of activity in ALDH1B1*2 is likely due to poor NAD(+) binding. Modeling also suggests that ALDH1B1*3 may be less able to metabolize all-trans retinaldehyde and that ALDH1B1*5 may bind NAD(+) poorly. CONCLUSIONS ALDH1B1 metabolizes nitroglycerin and all-trans-retinaldehyde. One of the three human polymorphisms, ALDH1B1*2, is catalytically inactive, likely due to poor NAD(+) binding. Expression of this variant may affect ALDH1B1-dependent metabolic functions in stem cells and ethanol metabolism.
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Oelze M, Kröller-Schön S, Welschof P, Jansen T, Hausding M, Mikhed Y, Stamm P, Mader M, Zinßius E, Agdauletova S, Gottschlich A, Steven S, Schulz E, Bottari SP, Mayoux E, Münzel T, Daiber A. The sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin improves diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction in the streptozotocin diabetes rat model by interfering with oxidative stress and glucotoxicity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112394. [PMID: 25402275 PMCID: PMC4234367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In diabetes, vascular dysfunction is characterized by impaired endothelial function due to increased oxidative stress. Empagliflozin, as a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), offers a novel approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes by enhancing urinary glucose excretion. The aim of the present study was to test whether treatment with empagliflozin improves endothelial dysfunction in type I diabetic rats via reduction of glucotoxicity and associated vascular oxidative stress. Methods Type I diabetes in Wistar rats was induced by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). One week after injection empagliflozin (10 and 30 mg/kg/d) was administered via drinking water for 7 weeks. Vascular function was assessed by isometric tension recording, oxidative stress parameters by chemiluminescence and fluorescence techniques, protein expression by Western blot, mRNA expression by RT-PCR, and islet function by insulin ELISA in serum and immunohistochemical staining of pancreatic tissue. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) signaling was assessed by dot blot analysis and mRNA expression of the AGE-receptor (RAGE). Results Treatment with empagliflozin reduced blood glucose levels, normalized endothelial function (aortic rings) and reduced oxidative stress in aortic vessels (dihydroethidium staining) and in blood (phorbol ester/zymosan A-stimulated chemiluminescence) of diabetic rats. Additionally, the pro-inflammatory phenotype and glucotoxicity (AGE/RAGE signaling) in diabetic animals was reversed by SGLT2i therapy. Conclusions Empagliflozin improves hyperglycemia and prevents the development of endothelial dysfunction, reduces oxidative stress and improves the metabolic situation in type 1 diabetic rats. These preclinical observations illustrate the therapeutic potential of this new class of antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Oelze
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Welschof
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Jansen
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Hausding
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuliya Mikhed
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Stamm
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Mader
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Zinßius
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Saule Agdauletova
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Gottschlich
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schulz
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Serge P. Bottari
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied, Bioenergetics, INSERM U1055, Grenoble-Alpes Université et Pôle de Biologie, CHU, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Mayoux
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Mao M, Varadarajan S, Fukai T, Bakhshi FR, Chernaya O, Dudley SC, Minshall RD, Bonini MG. Nitroglycerin tolerance in caveolin-1 deficient mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104101. [PMID: 25158065 PMCID: PMC4144835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate tolerance developed after persistent nitroglycerin (GTN) exposure limits its clinical utility. Previously, we have shown that the vasodilatory action of GTN is dependent on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS/NOS3) activity. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is known to interact with NOS3 on the cytoplasmic side of cholesterol-enriched plasma membrane microdomains (caveolae) and to inhibit NOS3 activity. Loss of Cav-1 expression results in NOS3 hyperactivation and uncoupling, converting NOS3 into a source of superoxide radicals, peroxynitrite, and oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that nitrate tolerance induced by persistent GTN treatment results from NOS3 dysfunction and vascular toxicity. Exposure to GTN for 48-72 h resulted in nitrosation and depletion (>50%) of Cav-1, NOS3 uncoupling as measured by an increase in peroxynitrite production (>100%), and endothelial toxicity in cultured cells. In the Cav-1 deficient mice, NOS3 dysfunction was accompanied by GTN tolerance (>50% dilation inhibition at low GTN concentrations). In conclusion, GTN tolerance results from Cav-1 modification and depletion by GTN that causes persistent NOS3 activation and uncoupling, preventing it from participating in GTN-medicated vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Mao
- Department of Medicine-Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sudhahar Varadarajan
- Department of Medicine-Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tohru Fukai
- Department of Medicine-Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Farnaz R. Bakhshi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Olga Chernaya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Samuel C. Dudley
- Department of Medicine-Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Marcelo G. Bonini
- Department of Medicine-Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Knorr M, Hausding M, Pfeffer A, Jurk K, Jansen T, Schwierczek K, Oelze M, Kröller-Schön S, Schulz E, Wenzel P, Gori T, Burgin K, Sartor D, Scherhag A, Münzel T, Daiber A. In vitro and in vivo characterization of a new organic nitrate hybrid drug covalently bound to pioglitazone. Pharmacology 2014; 93:203-15. [PMID: 24923291 DOI: 10.1159/000361052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Organic nitrates represent a group of nitrovasodilators that are clinically used for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. The new compound CLC-3000 is an aminoethyl nitrate (AEN) derivative of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent combining the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist activity of pioglitazone with the NO-donating activity of the nitrate moiety. METHODS In vitro and in vivo characterization was performed by isometric tension recording, platelet function, bleeding time and detection of oxidative stress. RESULTS In vitro, CLC-3000 displayed more potent vasodilation than pioglitazone alone or classical nitrates. In vitro, some effects on oxidative stress parameters were observed. Authentic AEN or the AEN-containing linker CLC-1275 displayed antiaggregatory effects. In vivo treatment with CLC-3000 for 7 days did neither induce endothelial dysfunction nor nitrate tolerance nor oxidative stress. Acute or chronic administration of AEN increased the tail vein bleeding time in mice. CONCLUSION In summary, the results of these studies demonstrate that CLC-3000 contains a vasodilative and antithrombotic activity that is not evident with pioglitazone alone, and that 7 days of exposure in vivo showed no typical signs of nitrate tolerance, endothelial dysfunction or other safety concerns in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Knorr
- Molekulare Kardiologie, II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Kröller-Schön S, Steven S, Kossmann S, Scholz A, Daub S, Oelze M, Xia N, Hausding M, Mikhed Y, Zinßius E, Mader M, Stamm P, Treiber N, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Li H, Schulz E, Wenzel P, Münzel T, Daiber A. Molecular mechanisms of the crosstalk between mitochondria and NADPH oxidase through reactive oxygen species-studies in white blood cells and in animal models. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:247-66. [PMID: 23845067 PMCID: PMC3887465 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress is involved in the development of cardiovascular disease. There is a growing body of evidence for a crosstalk between different enzymatic sources of oxidative stress. With the present study, we sought to determine the underlying crosstalk mechanisms, the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), and its link to endothelial dysfunction. RESULTS NADPH oxidase (Nox) activation (oxidative burst and translocation of cytosolic Nox subunits) was observed in response to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) formation in human leukocytes. In vitro, mtROS-induced Nox activation was prevented by inhibitors of the mPTP, protein kinase C, tyrosine kinase cSrc, Nox itself, or an intracellular calcium chelator and was absent in leukocytes with p47phox deficiency (regulates Nox2) or with cyclophilin D deficiency (regulates mPTP). In contrast, the crosstalk in leukocytes was amplified by mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (type 2) (MnSOD(+/-)) deficiency. In vivo, increases in blood pressure, degree of endothelial dysfunction, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) dysregulation/uncoupling (e.g., eNOS S-glutathionylation) or Nox activity, p47phox phosphorylation in response to angiotensin-II (AT-II) in vivo treatment, or the aging process were more pronounced in MnSOD(+/-) mice as compared with untreated controls and improved by mPTP inhibition by cyclophilin D deficiency or sanglifehrin A therapy. INNOVATION These results provide new mechanistic insights into what extent mtROS trigger Nox activation in phagocytes and cardiovascular tissue, leading to endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that mtROS trigger the activation of phagocytic and cardiovascular NADPH oxidases, which may have fundamental implications for immune cell activation and development of AT-II-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swenja Kröller-Schön
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Kossmann
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Scholz
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Daub
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Hausding
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuliya Mikhed
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Zinßius
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Mader
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Stamm
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolai Treiber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schulz
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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D'Souza Y, Ji Y, Bennett BM. Effect of overexpression of human aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in LLC-PK1 cells on glyceryl trinitrate biotransformation and cGMP accumulation. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:978-87. [PMID: 22994391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent studies suggest a primary role for aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in mediating the biotransformation of organic nitrates, such as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), to the proximal activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), resulting in increased cGMP accumulation and vasodilation. Our objective was to assess the role of ALDH2 in organic nitrate action using a cell culture model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Porcine renal epithelial (LLC-PK1) cells possess an intact NO-sGC-cGMP signaling system, and can be used as a biochemical model of organic nitrate action. We used a pcDNA3.1-human ALDH2 expression vector to establish a stably transfected cell line (PK1(ALDH2)) that overexpressed ALDH2, or small interfering RNA (siRNA) to deplete endogenous ALDH2, and assessed GTN biotransformation and GTN-induced cGMP formation. KEY RESULTS ALDH2 activity in the stably transfected cells was approximately sevenfold higher than wild-type cells or cells stably transfected with empty vector (PK1(vector)); and protein expression, as assessed by immunoblot analysis, was markedly increased. In PK1(ALDH2), GTN biotransformation was significantly increased as a result of increased glyceryl-1,2-dinitrate formation compared to wild-type or PK1(vector). However, the incubation of PK1(ALDH2) with 1 or 10 μM GTN did not alter GTN-induced cGMP accumulation compared with wild-type or PK1(vector) cells. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated depletion of ALDH2 had no effect on GTN-induced cGMP formation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In an intact cell system, neither overexpression nor depletion of ALDH2 affects GTN-induced cGMP formation, indicating that ALDH2 does not mediate the mechanism-based biotransformation of GTN to an activator of sGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D'Souza
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Josan S, Xu T, Yen YF, Hurd R, Ferreira J, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Pfefferbaum A, Mayer D, Spielman D. In vivo measurement of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 activity in rat liver ethanol model using dynamic MRSI of hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]pyruvate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:607-12. [PMID: 23225495 PMCID: PMC3634870 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To date, measurements of the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), a critical mitochondrial enzyme for the elimination of certain cytotoxic aldehydes in the body and a promising target for drug development, have been largely limited to in vitro methods. Recent advancements in MRS of hyperpolarized (13) C-labeled substrates have provided a method to detect and image in vivo metabolic pathways with signal-to-noise ratio gains greater than 10 000-fold over conventional MRS techniques. However aldehydes, because of their toxicity and short T1 relaxation times, are generally poor targets for such (13) C-labeled studies. In this work, we show that dynamic MRSI of hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]pyruvate and its conversion to [1-(13) C]lactate can provide an indirect in vivo measurement of ALDH2 activity via the concentration of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form), a co-factor common to both the reduction of pyruvate to lactate and the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate. Results from a rat liver ethanol model (n = 9) show that changes in (13) C-lactate labeling following the bolus injection of hyperpolarized pyruvate are highly correlated with changes in ALDH2 activity (R(2) = 0.76).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Josan
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Lucas MRI Center, 1201 Welch Rd. Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Tao Xu
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Lucas MRI Center, 1201 Welch Rd. Stanford, CA 94305
- Stanford University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Yi-Fen Yen
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Lucas MRI Center, 1201 Welch Rd. Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ralph Hurd
- GE Healthcare Applied Sciences Laboratory, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Julio Ferreira
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025
- Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Dirk Mayer
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Lucas MRI Center, 1201 Welch Rd. Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Daniel Spielman
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Lucas MRI Center, 1201 Welch Rd. Stanford, CA 94305
- Stanford University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford, CA 94305
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Bachschmid MM, Schildknecht S, Matsui R, Zee R, Haeussler D, Cohen RA, Pimental D, Loo BVD. Vascular aging: chronic oxidative stress and impairment of redox signaling-consequences for vascular homeostasis and disease. Ann Med 2013; 45:17-36. [PMID: 22380696 PMCID: PMC3717565 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2011.645498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Characteristic morphological and molecular alterations such as vessel wall thickening and reduction of nitric oxide occur in the aging vasculature leading to the gradual loss of vascular homeostasis. Consequently, the risk of developing acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases increases with age. Current research of the underlying molecular mechanisms of endothelial function demonstrates a duality of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in contributing to vascular homeostasis or leading to detrimental effects when formed in excess. Furthermore, changes in function and redox status of vascular smooth muscle cells contribute to age-related vascular remodeling. The age-dependent increase in free radical formation causes deterioration of the nitric oxide signaling cascade, alters and activates prostaglandin metabolism, and promotes novel oxidative posttranslational protein modifications that interfere with vascular and cell signaling pathways. As a result, vascular dysfunction manifests. Compensatory mechanisms are initially activated to cope with age-induced oxidative stress, but become futile, which results in irreversible oxidative modifications of biological macromolecules. These findings support the 'free radical theory of aging' but also show that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are essential signaling molecules, regulating vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Unit, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Maron BA, Tang SS, Loscalzo J. S-nitrosothiols and the S-nitrosoproteome of the cardiovascular system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:270-87. [PMID: 22770551 PMCID: PMC3518544 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Since their discovery in the early 1990's, S-nitrosylated proteins have been increasingly recognized as important determinants of many biochemical processes. Specifically, S-nitrosothiols in the cardiovascular system exert many actions, including promoting vasodilation, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and regulating Ca(2+) channel function that influences myocyte contractility and electrophysiologic stability. RECENT ADVANCES Contemporary developments in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods, the development of biotin- and His-tag switch assays, and the availability of cyanide dye-labeling for S-nitrosothiol detection in vitro have increased significantly the identification of a number of cardiovascular protein targets of S-nitrosylation in vivo. CRITICAL ISSUES Recent analyses using modern S-nitrosothiol detection techniques have revealed the mechanistic significance of S-nitrosylation to the pathophysiology of numerous cardiovascular diseases, including essential hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and congestive heart failure, among others. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite enhanced insight into S-nitrosothiol biochemistry, translating these advances into beneficial pharmacotherapies for patients with cardiovascular diseases remains a primary as-yet unmet goal for investigators within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Maron
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Khong SML, Andrews KL, Huynh NN, Venardos K, Aprico A, Michell DL, Zarei M, Moe KT, Dusting GJ, Kaye DM, Chin-Dusting JPF. Arginase II inhibition prevents nitrate tolerance. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:2015-23. [PMID: 22288373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nitrate tolerance, the loss of vascular responsiveness with continued use of nitrates, remains incompletely understood and is a limitation of these therapeutic agents. Vascular superoxide, generated by uncoupled endothelial NOS (eNOS), may play a role. As arginase competes with eNOS for L-arginine and may exacerbate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized that arginase inhibition might reduce nitrate tolerance. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Vasodilator responses were measured in aorta from C57Bl/6 and arginase II knockout (argII -/-) mice using myography. Uncoupling of eNOS, determined as eNOS monomer : dimer ratio, was assessed using low-temperature SDS-PAGE and ROS levels were measured using L-012 and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. KEY RESULTS Repeated application of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) on aorta isolated from C57Bl/6 mice produced a 32-fold rightward shift of the concentration-response curve. However this rightward shift (or resultant tolerance) was not observed in the presence of the arginase inhibitor (s)-(2-boronethyl)-L-cysteine HCl (BEC; 100 µM) nor in aorta isolated from argII -/- mice. Similar findings were obtained after inducing nitrate tolerance in vivo. Repeated administration of GTN in human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced uncoupling of eNOS from its dimeric state and increased ROS levels, which were reduced with arginase inhibition and exogenous L-arginine. Aortae from GTN tolerant C57Bl/6 mice exhibited increased arginase activity and ROS production, whereas vessels from argII -/- mice did not. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Arginase II removal prevents nitrate tolerance. This may be due to decreased uncoupling of eNOS and consequent ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M L Khong
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Nichols SP, Storm WL, Koh A, Schoenfisch MH. Local delivery of nitric oxide: targeted delivery of therapeutics to bone and connective tissues. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1177-88. [PMID: 22433782 PMCID: PMC3383916 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive treatment of injuries and disorders affecting bone and connective tissue remains a significant challenge facing the medical community. A treatment route that has recently been proposed is nitric oxide (NO) therapy. Nitric oxide plays several important roles in physiology with many conditions lacking adequate levels of NO. As NO is a radical, localized delivery via NO donors is essential to promoting biological activity. Herein, we review current literature related to therapeutic NO delivery in the treatment of bone, skin and tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Rudyk O, Prysyazhna O, Burgoyne JR, Eaton P. Nitroglycerin fails to lower blood pressure in redox-dead Cys42Ser PKG1α knock-in mouse. Circulation 2012; 126:287-95. [PMID: 22685118 PMCID: PMC3617728 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although nitroglycerin has remained in clinical use since 1879, the mechanism by which it relaxes blood vessels to lower blood pressure remains incompletely understood. Nitroglycerin undergoes metabolism that generates several reaction products, including oxidants, and this bioactivation process is essential for vasodilation. Protein kinase G (PKG) mediates classic nitric oxide-dependent vasorelaxation, but the 1α isoform is also independently activated by oxidation that involves interprotein disulfide formation within this homodimeric protein complex. We hypothesized that nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation is mediated by disulfide activation of PKG1α. METHODS AND RESULTS Treating smooth muscle cells or isolated blood vessels with nitroglycerin caused PKG1α disulfide dimerization. PKG1α disulfide formation was increased in wild-type mouse aortas by in vivo nitroglycerin treatment, but this oxidation was lost as tolerance developed. To establish whether kinase oxidation underlies nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation in vivo, we used a Cys42Ser PKG1α knock-in mouse that cannot transduce oxidant signals because it does not contain the vital redox-sensing thiol. This redox-dead knock-in mouse was substantively deficient in hypotensive response to nitroglycerin compared with wild-type littermates as measured in vivo by radiotelemetry. Resistance blood vessels from knock-ins were markedly less sensitive to nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation (EC(50)=39.2 ± 10.7 μmol/L) than wild-types (EC(50)=12.1 ± 2.9 μmol/L). Furthermore, after ≈24 hours of treatment, wild-type controls stopped vasodilating to nitroglycerin, and the vascular sensitivity to nitroglycerin was decreased, whereas this tolerance phenomenon, which routinely hampers the management of hypertensive patients, was absent in knock-ins. CONCLUSIONS PKG1α disulfide formation is a significant mediator of nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation, and tolerance to nitroglycerin is associated with loss of kinase oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Rudyk
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, United Kingdom
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