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Viragh E, Asztalos L, Fenckova M, Szlanka T, Gyorgypal Z, Kovacs K, IntHout J, Cizek P, Konda M, Szucs E, Zvara A, Biro J, Csapo E, Lukacsovich T, Hegedus Z, Puskas L, Schenck A, Asztalos Z. Pre-Pulse Inhibition of an escape response in adult fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3853873. [PMID: 38343805 PMCID: PMC10854311 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3853873/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Pre-Pulse Inhibition (PPI) is a neural process where suppression of a startle response is elicited by preceding the startling stimulus (Pulse) with a weak, non-startling one (Pre-Pulse). Defective PPI is widely employed as a behavioural endophenotype in humans and mammalian disorder-relevant models for neuropsychiatric disorders. We have developed a user-friendly, semi-automated, high-throughput-compatible Drosophila light-off jump response PPI paradigm, with which we demonstrate that PPI, with similar parameters measured in mammals, exists in adults of this model organism. We report that Drosophila PPI is affected by reduced expression of Dysbindin and both reduced and increased expression of Nmdar1 (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1), perturbations associated with schizophrenia. Studying the biology of PPI in an organism that offers a plethora of genetic tools and a complex and well characterized connectome will greatly facilitate our efforts to gain deeper insight into the aetiology of human mental disorders, while reducing the need for mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Viragh
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Aktogen Hungary Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lenke Asztalos
- Aktogen Hungary Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
- Aktogen Ltd., Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Current address: Aktogen Ltd. Ramsey, Huntingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Fenckova
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Tamas Szlanka
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Aktogen Hungary Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Gyorgypal
- Institute of Biophysics & Core Facilities, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Karoly Kovacs
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- HCEMM-BRC Metabolic Systems Biology Lab, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Joanna IntHout
- Department for Health Evidence (HEV), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pavel Cizek
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihaly Konda
- Aktogen Hungary Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
- Voalaz Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Agnes Zvara
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Zoltan Hegedus
- Institute of Biophysics & Core Facilities, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Puskas
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Hungary
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Zoltan Asztalos
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Aktogen Hungary Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
- Aktogen Ltd., Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Current address: Aktogen Ltd. Ramsey, Huntingdon, United Kingdom
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2
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Dong B, Yue Y, Dong H, Wang Y. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction as a potential contributor to the progression and manifestation of many neurological disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1174738. [PMID: 37396784 PMCID: PMC10308130 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1174738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA) are glutamate-gated ion channels critical for synaptic transmission and plasticity. A slight variation of NMDAR expression and function can result in devastating consequences, and both hyperactivation and hypoactivation of NMDARs are detrimental to neural function. Compared to NMDAR hyperfunction, NMDAR hypofunction is widely implicated in many neurological disorders, such as intellectual disability, autism, schizophrenia, and age-related cognitive decline. Additionally, NMDAR hypofunction is associated with the progression and manifestation of these diseases. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of NMDAR hypofunction in the progression of these neurological disorders and highlight that targeting NMDAR hypofunction is a promising therapeutic intervention in some neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Yue
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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3
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Dong J, Chen W, Liu N, Chang S, Zhu W, Kang J. NRG1 knockdown rescues PV interneuron GABAergic maturation deficits and schizophrenia behaviors in fetal growth restriction mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:476. [PMID: 36460658 PMCID: PMC9718849 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly debilitating mental disorder, those who experienced fetal growth restriction (FGR) in the early stage of life have a greater probability of schizophrenia. In this study, FGR mice showed hyperactivity in locomotor activity test, sociability dysfunction in three chamber test and nesting social behavior tests, cognition decline in Morris water maze and impaired sensory motor gating function in prepulse inhibition test. Mechanistic studies indicated that the number of parvalbumin (PV) interneuron was significantly reduced in FGR mouse media prefrontal cortex (mPFC). And the mRNA and protein level of neuregulin 1(NRG1), which is a critical schizophrenia gene, increased significantly in FGR mouse mPFC. Furthermore, NRG1 knockdown in FGR mouse mPFC improved PV interneuron GABAergic maturation and rescued schizophrenia behaviors including hyperactivity, social novelty defects, cognition decline, and sensorimotor gating deficits in FGR mice. This study indicates that mPFC NRG1 upregulation is one of the main causes of FGR-induced schizophrenia, which leads to significant reduction of PV interneuron number in mPFC. NRG1 knockdown in mPFC significantly rescues schizophrenia behaviors in FGR mouse. This study thus provides a potential effective therapy target or strategy for schizophrenia patients induced by FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Dong
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Chen
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Liu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujuan Chang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Mastrogiacomo R, Trigilio G, Devroye C, Dautan D, Ferretti V, Losi G, Caffino L, Orso G, Marotta R, Maltese F, Vitali E, Piras G, Forgiarini A, Pacinelli G, Lia A, Rothmond DA, Waddington JL, Drago F, Fumagalli F, Luca MAD, Leggio GM, Carmignoto G, Weickert CS, Managò F, Papaleo F. Dysbindin-1A modulation of astrocytic dopamine and basal ganglia dependent behaviors relevant to schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4201-4217. [PMID: 35821415 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the dichotomic cortical/basal ganglia dopaminergic abnormalities in schizophrenia are unclear. Astrocytes are important non-neuronal modulators of brain circuits, but their role in dopaminergic system remains poorly explored. Microarray analyses, immunohistochemistry, and two-photon laser scanning microscopy revealed that Dys1 hypofunction increases the reactivity of astrocytes, which express only the Dys1A isoform. Notably, behavioral and electrochemical assessments in mice selectively lacking the Dys1A isoform unraveled a more prominent impact of Dys1A in behavioral and dopaminergic/D2 alterations related to basal ganglia, but not cortical functioning. Ex vivo electron microscopy and protein expression analyses indicated that selective Dys1A disruption might alter intracellular trafficking in astrocytes, but not in neurons. In agreement, Dys1A disruption only in astrocytes resulted in decreased motivation and sensorimotor gating deficits, increased astrocytic dopamine D2 receptors and decreased dopaminergic tone within basal ganglia. These processes might have clinical relevance because the caudate, but not the cortex, of patients with schizophrenia shows a reduction of the Dys1A isoform. Therefore, we started to show a hitherto unknown role for the Dys1A isoform in astrocytic-related modulation of basal ganglia behavioral and dopaminergic phenotypes, with relevance to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mastrogiacomo
- Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Trigilio
- Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Céline Devroye
- Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniel Dautan
- Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Ferretti
- Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Losi
- Neuroscience Institute, CNR, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Genny Orso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Marotta
- Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Maltese
- Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Enrica Vitali
- Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Gessica Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessia Forgiarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giada Pacinelli
- Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Annamaria Lia
- Neuroscience Institute, CNR, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Debora A Rothmond
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John L Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gian Marco Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carmignoto
- Neuroscience Institute, CNR, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cynthia S Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Francesca Managò
- Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy. .,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
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5
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Shao X, Liao Y, Gu L, Chen W, Tang J. The Etiology of Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia: From Multidimensional Levels. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:755870. [PMID: 34858129 PMCID: PMC8632545 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.755870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enormous efforts have been made to unveil the etiology of auditory hallucinations (AHs), and multiple genetic and neural factors have already been shown to have their own roles. Previous studies have shown that AHs in schizophrenia vary from those in other disorders, suggesting that they have unique features and possibly distinguishable mechanisms worthy of further investigation. In this review, we intend to offer a comprehensive summary of current findings related to AHs in schizophrenia from aspects of genetics and transcriptome, neurophysiology (neurometabolic and electroencephalogram studies), and neuroimaging (structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies and transcriptome–neuroimaging association study). Main findings include gene polymorphisms, glutamate level change, electroencephalographic alterations, and abnormalities of white matter fasciculi, cortical structure, and cerebral activities, especially in multiple regions, including auditory and language networks. More solid and comparable research is needed to replicate and integrate ongoing findings from multidimensional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Gu
- RIKEN AIP, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Schoonover KE, Kennedy WM, Roberts RC. Cortical copper transporter expression in schizophrenia: interactions of risk gene dysbindin-1. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:701-709. [PMID: 33890175 PMCID: PMC11000637 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia susceptibility factor dysbindin-1 is associated with cognitive processes. Downregulated dysbindin-1 expression is associated with lower expression of copper transporters ATP7A and CTR1, required for copper transport to the central nervous system. We measured dysbindin-1 isoforms-1A and -1BC, CTR1, and ATP7A via Western blots of the postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of schizophrenia subjects (n = 28) and matched controls (n = 14). In addition, we subdivided the schizophrenia group by treatment status and comorbidity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and assessed the relationships between proteins. Schizophrenia subjects exhibited similar protein levels to that of controls, with no effect of antipsychotic treatment. We observed a shift towards more dysbindin-1A expression in schizophrenia, as revealed by the ratio of dysbindin-1 isoforms. Dysbindin-1A expression was negatively correlated with ATP7A in schizophrenia, with no correlation present in controls. AUD subjects exhibited less dysbindin-1BC and CTR1 than those without AUD. Our results, taken together with previous data, suggest that alterations in dysbindin-1 and copper transporters are brain-region specific. For example, protein levels of ATP7A, dysbindin 1BC, and CTR1 are lower in the substantia nigra in schizophrenia subjects. AUD in the DLPFC was associated with lower protein levels of dysbindin-1 and CTR1. Changes in dysbindin-1 isoform ratio and relationships appear to be prevalent in the disease, potentially impacting symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Schoonover
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 3811 O'Hara Street BST W1651, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - William M Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Rosalinda C Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Pittsburgh, USA
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7
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Schoonover KE, Roberts RC. Markers of copper transport in the cingulum bundle in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2021; 228:124-133. [PMID: 33434726 PMCID: PMC7988290 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Imaging and postmortem studies indicate that schizophrenia subjects exhibit abnormal connectivity in several white matter tracts, including the cingulum bundle. Copper chelators given to experimental animals damage myelin and myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, and the substantia nigra of schizophrenia subjects shows lower levels of copper, copper transporters, and copper-utilizing enzymes. This study aimed to elucidate the potential role of copper homeostasis in white matter pathology in schizophrenia. Protein levels of the copper transporters ATP7A and CTR1, and dysbindin-1, an upstream modulator of copper metabolism and schizophrenia susceptibility factor, were measured using Western blot analyses of the postmortem cingulum bundle of schizophrenia subjects (n=16) and matched controls (n=13). Additionally, the patient group was subdivided by treatment status: off- (n=8) or on-medication (n=8). Relationships between proteins from the current study were correlated among themselves and markers of axonal integrity previously measured in the same cohort. Schizophrenia subjects exhibited similar protein levels to controls, with no effect of antipsychotic treatment. The dysbindin-1A/1BC relationship was positive in controls and schizophrenia subjects; however, antipsychotic treatment appeared to reverse this relationship in a statistically different manner from that of controls and unmedicated subjects. The relationships between dysbindin-1A/neurofilament heavy and ATP7A/α-tubulin were positively correlated in the schizophrenia group that was significantly different from the lack of correlation in controls. Copper transporters and dysbindin-1 appear to be more significantly affected in the grey matter of schizophrenia subjects. However, the relationships among proteins in white matter may be more substantial and dependent on treatment status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Schoonover
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
| | - Rosalinda C Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
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8
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Schoonover KE, Farmer CB, Morgan CJ, Sinha V, Odom L, Roberts RC. Abnormalities in the copper transporter CTR1 in postmortem hippocampus in schizophrenia: A subregion and laminar analysis. Schizophr Res 2021; 228:60-73. [PMID: 33434736 PMCID: PMC7987889 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysbindin-1 modulates copper transport, which is crucial for cellular homeostasis. Several brain regions implicated in schizophrenia exhibit decreased levels of dysbindin-1, which may affect copper homeostasis therein. Our recent study showed decreased levels of dysbindin-1, the copper transporter-1 (CTR1) and copper in the substantia nigra in schizophrenia, providing the first evidence of disrupted copper transport in schizophrenia. In the present study, we hypothesized that there would be lower levels of dysbindin-1 and CTR1 in the hippocampus in schizophrenia versus a comparison group. Using semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry for dysbindin1 and CTR1, we measured the optical density in a layer specific fashion in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in ten subjects with schizophrenia and ten comparison subjects. Both regions were richly immunolabeled for CTR1 and dysbindin1 in both groups. In the superficial layers of the entorhinal cortex, CTR1 immunolabeled neuropil and cells showed lower optical density values in patients versus the comparison group. In the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, patients had higher optical density values of CTR1 versus the comparison group. The density and distribution of dysbindin-1 immunolabeling was similar between groups. These laminar specific alterations of CTR1 in schizophrenia suggest abnormal copper transport in those locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E. Schoonover
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Charlene B. Farmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Charity J Morgan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Vidushi Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Laura Odom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Rosalinda C. Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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9
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Suh BK, Lee SA, Park C, Suh Y, Kim SJ, Woo Y, Nhung TTM, Lee SB, Mun DJ, Goo BS, Choi HS, Kim SJ, Park SK. Schizophrenia-associated dysbindin modulates axonal mitochondrial movement in cooperation with p150 glued. Mol Brain 2021; 14:14. [PMID: 33461576 PMCID: PMC7814725 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial movement in neurons is finely regulated to meet the local demand for energy and calcium buffering. Elaborate transport machinery including motor complexes is required to deliver and localize mitochondria to appropriate positions. Defects in mitochondrial transport are associated with various neurological disorders without a detailed mechanistic information. In this study, we present evidence that dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (dysbindin), a schizophrenia-associated factor, plays a critical role in axonal mitochondrial movement. We observed that mitochondrial movement was impaired in dysbindin knockout mouse neurons. Reduced mitochondrial motility caused by dysbindin deficiency decreased the density of mitochondria in the distal part of axons. Moreover, the transport and distribution of mitochondria were regulated by the association between dysbindin and p150glued. Furthermore, altered mitochondrial distribution in axons led to disrupted calcium dynamics, showing abnormal calcium influx in presynaptic terminals. These data collectively suggest that dysbindin forms a functional complex with p150glued that regulates axonal mitochondrial transport, thereby affecting presynaptic calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyoung Suh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol-Ae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Cana Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Weill Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yeongjun Suh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsik Woo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Truong Thi My Nhung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Been Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Mun
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Seong Goo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sun Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Dysbindin-1 regulates mitochondrial fission and gamma oscillations. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4633-4651. [PMID: 33589740 PMCID: PMC8364574 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular ATP generators. They are dynamic structures undergoing fission and fusion. While much is known about the mitochondrial fission machinery, the mechanism of initiating fission and the significance of fission to neurophysiology are largely unclear. Gamma oscillations are synchronized neural activities that impose a great energy challenge to synapses. The cellular mechanism of fueling gamma oscillations has yet to be defined. Here, we show that dysbindin-1, a protein decreased in the brain of individuals with schizophrenia, is required for neural activity-induced fission by promoting Drp1 oligomerization. This process is engaged by gamma-frequency activities and in turn, supports gamma oscillations. Gamma oscillations and novel object recognition are impaired in dysbindin-1 null mice. These defects can be ameliorated by increasing mitochondrial fission. These findings identify a molecular mechanism for activity-induced mitochondrial fission, a role of mitochondrial fission in gamma oscillations, and mitochondrial fission as a potential target for improving cognitive functions.
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11
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Increased RNA editing in maternal immune activation model of neurodevelopmental disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5236. [PMID: 33067431 PMCID: PMC7567798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of major neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism is unclear, with evidence supporting a combination of genetic factors and environmental insults, including viral infection during pregnancy. Here we utilized a mouse model of maternal immune activation (MIA) with the viral mimic PolyI:C infection during early gestation. We investigated the transcriptional changes in the brains of mouse fetuses following MIA during the prenatal period, and evaluated the behavioral and biochemical changes in the adult brain. The results reveal an increase in RNA editing levels and dysregulation in brain development-related gene pathways in the fetal brains of MIA mice. These MIA-induced brain editing changes are not observed in adulthood, although MIA-induced behavioral deficits are observed. Taken together, our findings suggest that MIA induces transient dysregulation of RNA editing at a critical time in brain development.
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12
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Trifu SC, Kohn B, Vlasie A, Patrichi BE. Genetics of schizophrenia (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3462-3468. [PMID: 32905096 PMCID: PMC7465115 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the body of genetic studies on schizophrenia seems even more daunting than the battle a psychiatrist wages daily in the office with her archenemy of a thousand faces. The following article reunites some genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors of schizophrenia from revered and vast studies in a chronological and progressive fashion. Twin studies set the basics of heritability and a particular study by Davis and Phelps considers the widely ignored influence of prenatal environment in the development of schizophrenia. Mostly ignited by linkage studies, candidate gene studies explore further by fine-mapping the hypothesized variants [mostly in the forms single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and less but with greater impact copy number variations (CNVs)] associated with the disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) increase considerably the sample sizes and thus the validity of the results, while the next-generation sequencing (NGS) attain the highest yet unreplicated level of validity results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Corina Trifu
- Department of Neurosciences, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bianca Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, ‘Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia’ Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Vlasie
- Department of Psychiatry, ‘Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia’ Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Eduard Patrichi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Duan X, He C, Ou J, Wang R, Xiao J, Li L, Wu R, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Chen H. Reduced Hippocampal Volume and Its Relationship With Verbal Memory and Negative Symptoms in Treatment-Naive First-Episode Adolescent-Onset Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:64-74. [PMID: 32691057 PMCID: PMC7825026 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating neuroimaging evidence has shown remarkable volume reductions in the hippocampi of patients with schizophrenia. However, the relationship among hippocampal morphometry, clinical symptoms, and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia is still unclear. In this study, high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in 36 patients with adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS, age range: 13-18 years) and 30 age-, gender-, and education-matched typically developing controls (TDCs). Hippocampal volume was assessed automatically through volumetric segmentation and measurement. After adjusting for total intracranial volume, we found reduced hippocampal volume in individuals with AOS compared with TDCs, and the hippocampal volume was positively correlated with verbal memory and negatively correlated with negative symptoms in AOS. In addition, mediation analysis revealed the indirect effect of hippocampal volume on negative symptoms via verbal memory impairment. When the negative symptoms were represented by 2 dimensions of deficits in emotional expression (EXP) and deficits in motivation and pleasure (MAP), the indirect effect was significant for EXP but not for MAP. Our findings provide further evidence of hippocampal volume reduction in AOS and highlight verbal memory impairment as a mediator to influence the relationship between hippocampal morphometry and negative symptoms, especially the EXP dimension of negative symptoms, in individuals with AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Duan
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Changchun He
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jianjun Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Runshi Wang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jinming Xiao
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Renrong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,To whom correspondence should be addressed; School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China; tel: 028-83208238, fax: 86-28-83208238, e-mail:
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14
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Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Brain development and degeneration are highly complex processes that are regulated by a large number of molecules and signaling pathways the identities of which are being unraveled. Accumulating evidence points to histone deacetylases and epigenetic mechanisms as being important regulators of these processes. In this review, we describe that histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3) is a particularly crucial regulator of both neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. In addition, HDAC3 regulates memory formation, synaptic plasticity, and the cognitive impairment associated with normal aging. Understanding how HDAC3 functions contributes to the normal development and functioning of the brain while also promoting neurodegeneration could lead to the development of therapeutic approaches for neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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15
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Berdenis van Berlekom A, Muflihah CH, Snijders GJLJ, MacGillavry HD, Middeldorp J, Hol EM, Kahn RS, de Witte LD. Synapse Pathology in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Postsynaptic Elements in Postmortem Brain Studies. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:374-386. [PMID: 31192350 PMCID: PMC7442385 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Changed synapse density has been suggested to be involved in the altered brain connectivity underlying schizophrenia (SCZ) pathology. However, postmortem studies addressing this topic are heterogeneous and it is not known whether changes are restricted to specific brain regions. Using meta-analysis, we systematically and quantitatively reviewed literature on the density of postsynaptic elements in postmortem brain tissue of patients with SCZ compared to healthy controls. We included 3 outcome measurements for postsynaptic elements: dendritic spine density (DSD), postsynaptic density (PSD) number, and PSD protein expression levels. Random-effects meta-analysis (31 studies) revealed an overall decrease in density of postsynaptic elements in SCZ (Hedges's g: -0.33; 95% CI: -0.60 to -0.05; P = .020). Subgroup analyses showed reduction of postsynaptic elements in cortical but not subcortical tissues (Hedges's g: -0.44; 95% CI: -0.76 to -0.12; P = .008, Hedges's g: -0.11; 95% CI: -0.54 to 0.35; P = .671) and specifically a decrease for the outcome measure DSD (Hedges's g: -0.81; 95% CI: -1.37 to -0.26; P = .004). Further exploratory analyses showed a significant decrease of postsynaptic elements in the prefrontal cortex and cortical layer 3. In all analyses, substantial heterogeneity was present. Meta-regression analyses showed no influence of age, sex, postmortem interval, or brain bank on the effect size. This meta-analysis shows a region-specific decrease in the density of postsynaptic elements in SCZ. This phenotype provides an important cellular hallmark for future preclinical and neuropathological research in order to increase our understanding of brain dysconnectivity in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Berdenis van Berlekom
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +31-88-75-68811, fax: +31(0)887569032, e-mail:
| | - Cita H Muflihah
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia
| | - Gijsje J L J Snijders
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harold D MacGillavry
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Lot D de Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY
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16
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Waddington JL, Zhen X, O'Tuathaigh CMP. Developmental Genes and Regulatory Proteins, Domains of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia Spectrum Psychosis and Implications for Antipsychotic Drug Discovery: The Example of Dysbindin-1 Isoforms and Beyond. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1638. [PMID: 32063853 PMCID: PMC7000454 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alongside positive and negative symptomatology, deficits in working memory, attention, selective learning processes, and executive function have been widely documented in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. These cognitive abnormalities are strongly associated with impairment across multiple function domains and are generally treatment-resistant. The DTNBP1 (dystrobrevin-binding protein-1) gene, encoding dysbindin, is considered a risk factor for schizophrenia and is associated with variation in cognitive function in both clinical and nonclinical samples. Downregulation of DTNBP1 expression in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampal formation of patients with schizophrenia has been suggested to serve as a primary pathophysiological process. Described as a "hub," dysbindin is an important regulatory protein that is linked with multiple complexes in the brain and is involved in a wide variety of functions implicated in neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity. The expression pattern of the various dysbindin isoforms (-1A, -1B, -1C) changes depending upon stage of brain development, tissue areas and subcellular localizations, and can involve interaction with different protein partners. We review evidence describing how sequence variation in DTNBP1 isoforms has been differentially associated with schizophrenia-associated symptoms. We discuss results linking these isoform proteins, and their interacting molecular partners, with cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, including evidence from drosophila through to genetic mouse models of dysbindin function. Finally, we discuss preclinical evidence investigating the antipsychotic potential of molecules that influence dysbindin expression and functionality. These studies, and other recent work that has extended this approach to other developmental regulators, may facilitate identification of novel molecular pathways leading to improved antipsychotic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research & Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research & Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Colm M P O'Tuathaigh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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17
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Trantham-Davidson H, Lavin A. Loss of dysbindin-1 affects GABAergic transmission in the PFC. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:3291-3300. [PMID: 31201475 PMCID: PMC6832803 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 gene that encodes the protein dysbindin-1 is associated with risk for cognitive deficits, and studies have shown decreases in glutamate and correlated decreases in dysbindin-1 protein in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of post-mortem tissue from schizophrenia patients. The PFC and the hippocampus have been shown to play a fundamental role in cognition, and studies in dysbindin-1 null mice have shown alterations in NMDAR located in pyramidal neurons as well as perturbation in LTP and cognitive deficits. The balance between excitatory and inhibitory transmission is crucial for normal cognitive functions; however, there is a dearth of information regarding the effects of loss of dysbindin-1 in GABAergic transmission. Using in vitro whole-cell clamp recordings, Western blots, and immunohistochemistry, we report here that dysbindin-1-deficient mice exhibit a significant decrease in the frequency of sIPSCs and in the amplitude of mIPSCs and significant decreases in PV staining and protein level. These results suggest that loss of dysbindin-1 affects GABAergic transmission at pre- and postsynaptic level and decreases parvalbumin markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Lavin
- Department of Neuroscience, MUSC, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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18
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Huang CCY, Muszynski KJ, Bolshakov VY, Balu DT. Deletion of Dtnbp1 in mice impairs threat memory consolidation and is associated with enhanced inhibitory drive in the amygdala. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:132. [PMID: 30967545 PMCID: PMC6456574 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe and highly heritable disorder. Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1), also known as dysbindin-1, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Specifically, dysbindin-1 mRNA and protein expression are decreased in the brains of subjects with this disorder. Mice lacking dysbinidn-1 also display behavioral phenotypes similar to those observed in schizophrenic patients. However, it remains unknown whether deletion of dysbindin-1 impacts functions of the amygdala, a brain region that is critical for emotional processing, which is disrupted in patients with schizophrenia. Here, we show that dysbindin-1 is expressed in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Deletion of dysbindin-1 in male mice (Dys-/-) impaired cued and context-dependent threat memory, without changes in measures of anxiety. The behavioral deficits observed in Dys-/- mice were associated with perturbations in the BLA, including the enhancement of GABAergic inhibition of pyramidal neurons, increased numbers of parvalbumin interneurons, and morphological abnormalities of dendritic spines on pyramidal neurons. Our findings highlight an important role for dysbindin-1 in the regulation of amygdalar function and indicate that enhanced inhibition of BLA pyramidal neuron activity may contribute to the weakened threat memory expression observed in Dys-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy C Y Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Translational Psychiatry laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kevin J Muszynski
- Translational Psychiatry laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Vadim Y Bolshakov
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cellular Neurobiology laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Darrick T Balu
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Translational Psychiatry laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
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19
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Winship IR, Dursun SM, Baker GB, Balista PA, Kandratavicius L, Maia-de-Oliveira JP, Hallak J, Howland JG. An Overview of Animal Models Related to Schizophrenia. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2019; 64:5-17. [PMID: 29742910 PMCID: PMC6364139 DOI: 10.1177/0706743718773728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder that is poorly treated with current therapies. In this brief review, we provide an update regarding the use of animal models to study schizophrenia in an attempt to understand its aetiology and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Tremendous progress has been made developing and validating rodent models that replicate the aetiologies, brain pathologies, and behavioural abnormalities associated with schizophrenia in humans. Here, models are grouped into 3 categories-developmental, drug induced, and genetic-to reflect the heterogeneous risk factors associated with schizophrenia. Each of these models is associated with varied but overlapping pathophysiology, endophenotypes, behavioural abnormalities, and cognitive impairments. Studying schizophrenia using multiple models will permit an understanding of the core features of the disease, thereby facilitating preclinical research aimed at the development and validation of better pharmacotherapies to alter the progression of schizophrenia or alleviate its debilitating symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Winship
- 1 Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Serdar M Dursun
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.,3 National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Science, Brazil
| | - Glen B Baker
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.,3 National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Science, Brazil
| | - Priscila A Balista
- 4 Department of Pharmacy, Centro Universitario das Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ludmyla Kandratavicius
- 5 Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Joao Paulo Maia-de-Oliveira
- 3 National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Science, Brazil.,6 Department of Clinical Medicine, Rio Grande do Norte Federal University, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jaime Hallak
- 3 National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Science, Brazil.,5 Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,7 Department of Psychiatry (NRU), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
| | - John G Howland
- 8 Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
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20
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Synaptic loss in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis and systematic review of synaptic protein and mRNA measures. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:549-561. [PMID: 29511299 PMCID: PMC6004314 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although synaptic loss is thought to be core to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, the nature, consistency and magnitude of synaptic protein and mRNA changes has not been systematically appraised. Our objective was thus to systematically review and meta-analyse findings. The entire PubMed database was searched for studies from inception date to the 1st of July 2017. We selected case-control postmortem studies in schizophrenia quantifying synaptic protein or mRNA levels in brain tissue. The difference in protein and mRNA levels between cases and controls was extracted and meta-analysis conducted. Among the results, we found a significant reduction in synaptophysin in schizophrenia in the hippocampus (effect size: -0.65, p < 0.01), frontal (effect size: -0.36, p = 0.04), and cingulate cortices (effect size: -0.54, p = 0.02), but no significant changes for synaptophysin in occipital and temporal cortices, and no changes for SNAP-25, PSD-95, VAMP, and syntaxin in frontal cortex. There were insufficient studies for meta-analysis of complexins, synapsins, rab3A and synaptotagmin and mRNA measures. Findings are summarised for these, which generally show reductions in SNAP-25, PSD-95, synapsin and rab3A protein levels in the hippocampus but inconsistency in other regions. Our findings of moderate-large reductions in synaptophysin in hippocampus and frontal cortical regions, and a tendency for reductions in other pre- and postsynaptic proteins in the hippocampus are consistent with models that implicate synaptic loss in schizophrenia. However, they also identify potential differences between regions and proteins, suggesting synaptic loss is not uniform in nature or extent.
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21
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Lee FY, Wang HB, Hitchcock ON, Loh DH, Whittaker DS, Kim YS, Aiken A, Kokikian C, Dell'Angelica EC, Colwell CS, Ghiani CA. Sleep/Wake Disruption in a Mouse Model of BLOC-1 Deficiency. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:759. [PMID: 30498428 PMCID: PMC6249416 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking a functional Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex 1 (BLOC-1), such as those of the pallid line, display cognitive and behavioural impairments reminiscent of those presented by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Although disturbances in the sleep/wake cycle are commonly lamented by these individuals, the underlying mechanisms, including the possible role of the circadian timing system, are still unknown. In this paper, we have explored sleep/circadian malfunctions and underlying mechanisms in BLOC-1-deficient pallid mice. These mutants exhibited less sleep behaviour in the beginning of the resting phase than wild-type mice with a more broken sleeping pattern in normal light-dark conditions. Furthermore, the strength of the activity rhythms in the mutants were reduced with significantly more fragmentation and lower precision than in age-matched controls. These symptoms were accompanied by an abnormal preference for the open arm in the elevated plus maze in the day and poor performance in the novel object recognition at night. At the level of the central circadian clock (the suprachiasmatic nucleus, SCN), loss of BLOC-1 caused subtle morphological changes including a larger SCN and increased expression of the relative levels of the clock gene Per2 product during the day but did not affect the neuronal activity rhythms. In the hippocampus, the pallid mice presented with anomalies in the cytoarchitecture of the Dentate Gyrus granule cells, but not in CA1 pyramidal neurones, along with altered PER2 protein levels as well as reduced pCREB/tCREB ratio during the day. Our findings suggest that lack of BLOC-1 in mice disrupts the sleep/wake cycle and performance in behavioural tests associated with specific alterations in cytoarchitecture and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Y Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Huei-Bin Wang
- Molecular, Cellular, & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Olivia N Hitchcock
- Integrative Biology and Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dawn Hsiao Loh
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel S Whittaker
- Molecular, Cellular, & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yoon-Sik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Achilles Aiken
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Collette Kokikian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Esteban C Dell'Angelica
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cristina A Ghiani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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22
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Dysbindin-1 contributes to prefrontal cortical dendritic arbor pathology in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 201:270-277. [PMID: 29759351 PMCID: PMC6230503 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Deep layer III pyramidal cells in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder previously were shown to exhibit dendritic arbor pathology. This study sought to determine whether MARCKS, its regulatory protein dysbindin-1, and two proteins, identified using microarray data, CDC42BPA and ARHGEF6, were associated with dendritic arbor pathology in the DLPFC from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder subjects. Using western blotting, relative protein expression was assessed in the DLPFC (BA 46) grey matter from subjects with schizophrenia (n = 19), bipolar disorder (n = 17) and unaffected control subjects (n = 19). Protein expression data were then correlated with dendritic parameter data obtained previously. MARCKS and dysbindin-1a expression levels did not differ among the three groups. Dysbindin-1b expression was 26% higher in schizophrenia subjects (p = 0.01) and correlated inversely with basilar dendrite length (r = -0.31, p = 0.048) and the number of spines per basilar dendrite (r = -0.31, p = 0.048), but not with dendritic spine density (r = -0.16, p = 0.32). The protein expression of CDC42BPA was 33% higher in schizophrenia subjects (p = 0.03) but, did not correlate with any dendritic parameter (p > 0.05). ARHGEF6 87 kDa isoform expression did not differ among the groups. CDC42BPA expression was not altered in frontal cortex from rats chronically administered haloperidol or clozapine. Dysbindin-1b appears to play a role in dendritic arbor pathology observed previously in the DLPFC in schizophrenia.
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23
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Schoonover KE, Queern SL, Lapi SE, Roberts RC. Impaired copper transport in schizophrenia results in a copper-deficient brain state: A new side to the dysbindin story. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 21:13-28. [PMID: 30230404 PMCID: PMC6424639 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1523562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Several schizophrenia brain regions exhibit decreased dysbindin. Dysbindin modulates copper transport crucial for myelination, monoamine metabolism and cellular homeostasis. Schizophrenia patients (SZP) exhibit increased plasma copper, while copper-decreasing agents produce schizophrenia-like behavioural and pathological abnormalities. Therefore, we sought to determine dysbindin and copper transporter protein expression and copper content in SZP.Methods: We studied the copper-rich substantia nigra (SN) using Western blot and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We characterised specific protein domains of copper transporters ATP7A, CTR1, ATP7B and dysbindin isoforms 1 A and 1B/C in SZP (n = 15) and matched controls (n = 11), and SN copper content in SZP (n = 14) and matched controls (n = 11). As a preliminary investigation, we compared medicated (ON; n = 11) versus unmedicated SZP (OFF; n = 4).Results: SZP exhibited increased C terminus, but not N terminus, ATP7A. SZP expressed less transmembrane CTR1 and dysbindin 1B/C than controls. ON exhibited increased C terminus ATP7A protein versus controls. OFF exhibited less N terminus ATP7A protein than controls and ON, suggesting medication-induced rescue of the ATP7A N terminus. SZP exhibited less SN copper content than controls.Conclusions: These results provide the first evidence of disrupted copper transport in schizophrenia SN that appears to result in a copper-deficient state. Furthermore, copper homeostasis may be modulated by specific dysbindin isoforms and antipsychotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E. Schoonover
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Stacy L. Queern
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham,Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham,Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Rosalinda C. Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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24
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Al-Shammari AR, Bhardwaj SK, Musaelyan K, Srivastava LK, Szele FG. Schizophrenia-related dysbindin-1 gene is required for innate immune response and homeostasis in the developing subventricular zone. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2018; 4:15. [PMID: 30038210 PMCID: PMC6056426 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-018-0057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder likely caused by environmental and genetic risk factors but functional interactions between the risk factors are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that dysbindin-1 (Dtnbp1) gene mutation combined with postnatal exposure to viral mimetic polyI:C results in schizophrenia-related behavioural changes in adulthood, and mediates polyI:C-induced inflammation in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Adult Sandy (Sdy, Dtnbp1 mutant) mice given early postnatal polyI:C injections displayed reduced prepulse inhibition of startle, reduced locomotion and deficits in novel object recognition. PolyI:C induced a canonical immune response in the SVZ; it increased mRNA expression of its toll-like receptor 3 (Tlr3) and downstream transcription factors RelA and Sp1. PolyI:C also increased SVZ Dtnbp1 mRNA expression, suggesting dysbindin-1 regulates immune responses. Dysbindin-1 loss in Sdy mice blocked the polyI:C-induced increases in mRNA expression of Tlr3, RelA and Sp1 in the SVZ. Dtnbp1 overexpression in SVZ-derived Sdy neurospheres rescued Tlr3, RelA and Sp1 mRNA expression supporting a functional interaction between dysbindin-1 and polyI:C-induced inflammation. Immunohistochemistry showed higher Iba1+ immune cell density in the SVZ of Sdy mice than in WT postnatally. PolyI:C did not alter SVZ Iba1+ cell density but increased CD45+/Iba1− cell numbers in the SVZ of Sdy mice. Finally, polyI:C injections in Sdy, but not WT mice reduced postnatal and adult SVZ proliferation. Together, we show novel functional interactions between the schizophrenia-relevant dysbindin-1 gene and the immune response to polyI:C. This work sheds light on the molecular basis for amplified abnormalities due to combined genetic predisposition and exposure to environmental schizophrenia risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer R Al-Shammari
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Research and Development, Qatar Research Leadership Program, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sanjeev K Bhardwaj
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ksenia Musaelyan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lalit K Srivastava
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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25
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Scheggia D, Mastrogiacomo R, Mereu M, Sannino S, Straub RE, Armando M, Managò F, Guadagna S, Piras F, Zhang F, Kleinman JE, Hyde TM, Kaalund SS, Pontillo M, Orso G, Caltagirone C, Borrelli E, De Luca MA, Vicari S, Weinberger DR, Spalletta G, Papaleo F. Variations in Dysbindin-1 are associated with cognitive response to antipsychotic drug treatment. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2265. [PMID: 29891954 PMCID: PMC5995960 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04711-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotics are the most widely used medications for the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. While such drugs generally ameliorate positive symptoms, clinical responses are highly variable in terms of negative symptoms and cognitive impairments. However, predictors of individual responses have been elusive. Here, we report a pharmacogenetic interaction related to a core cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. We show that genetic variations reducing dysbindin-1 expression can identify individuals whose executive functions respond better to antipsychotic drugs, both in humans and in mice. Multilevel ex vivo and in vivo analyses in postmortem human brains and genetically modified mice demonstrate that such interaction between antipsychotics and dysbindin-1 is mediated by an imbalance between the short and long isoforms of dopamine D2 receptors, leading to enhanced presynaptic D2 function within the prefrontal cortex. These findings reveal one of the pharmacodynamic mechanisms underlying individual cognitive response to treatment in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting a potential approach for improving the use of antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Scheggia
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Lausanne, Prilly-Lausanne, CH-1008, Switzerland
| | - Rosa Mastrogiacomo
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mereu
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universita' degli Studi di Padova, Largo Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Sannino
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Richard E Straub
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Marco Armando
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Managò
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Guadagna
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Fengyu Zhang
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sanne S Kaalund
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg University Hospital, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Maria Pontillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Genny Orso
- IRCCS E. Medea Scientific Institute, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria A De Luca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università di Cagliari, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience and the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, 00179, Rome, Italy
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Genetics of Cognition laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
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26
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Chung BYT, Bailey CDC. Similar nicotinic excitability responses across the developing hippocampal formation are regulated by small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. J Neurophysiol 2018; 119:1707-1722. [PMID: 29384449 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00426.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal formation forms a cognitive circuit that is critical for learning and memory. Cholinergic input to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors plays an important role in the normal development of principal neurons within the hippocampal formation. However, the ability of nicotinic receptors to stimulate principal neurons across all regions of the developing hippocampal formation has not been determined. We show in this study that heteromeric nicotinic receptors mediate direct inward current and depolarization responses in principal neurons across the hippocampal formation of the young postnatal mouse. These responses were found in principal neurons of the CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus, subiculum, and entorhinal cortex layer VI, and they varied in magnitude across regions with the greatest responses occurring in the subiculum and entorhinal cortex. Despite this regional variation in the magnitude of passive responses, heteromeric nicotinic receptor stimulation increased the excitability of active principal neurons by a similar amount in all regions. Pharmacological experiments found this similar excitability response to be regulated by small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels, which exhibited regional differences in their influence on neuron activity that offset the observed regional differences in passive nicotinic responses. These findings demonstrate that SK channels play a role to coordinate the magnitude of heteromeric nicotinic excitability responses across the hippocampal formation at a time when nicotinic signaling drives the development of this cognitive brain region. This coordinated input may contribute to the normal development, synchrony, and maturation of the hippocampal formation learning and memory network. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels regulate similar-magnitude excitability responses to heteromeric nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation in active principal neurons across multiple regions of the developing mouse hippocampal formation. Given the importance of nicotinic neurotransmission for the development of principal neurons within the hippocampal formation, this coordinated excitability response is positioned to influence the normal development, synchrony, and maturation of the hippocampal formation learning and memory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beryl Y T Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Craig D C Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
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27
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Wentzel C, Delvendahl I, Sydlik S, Georgiev O, Müller M. Dysbindin links presynaptic proteasome function to homeostatic recruitment of low release probability vesicles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:267. [PMID: 29348419 PMCID: PMC5773495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we explore the relationship between presynaptic homeostatic plasticity and proteasome function at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. First, we demonstrate that the induction of homeostatic plasticity is blocked after presynaptic proteasome perturbation. Proteasome inhibition potentiates release under baseline conditions but not during homeostatic plasticity, suggesting that proteasomal degradation and homeostatic plasticity modulate a common pool of vesicles. The vesicles that are regulated by proteasome function and recruited during homeostatic plasticity are highly EGTA sensitive, implying looser Ca2+ influx-release coupling. Similar to homeostatic plasticity, proteasome perturbation enhances presynaptic Ca2+ influx, readily-releasable vesicle pool size, and does not potentiate release after loss of specific homeostatic plasticity genes, including the schizophrenia-susceptibility gene dysbindin. Finally, we provide genetic evidence that Dysbindin levels regulate the access to EGTA-sensitive vesicles. Together, our data suggest that presynaptic protein degradation opposes the release of low-release probability vesicles that are potentiated during homeostatic plasticity and whose access is controlled by dysbindin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Wentzel
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Igor Delvendahl
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Sydlik
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Ph.D. Program in Molecular Life Sciences, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Oleg Georgiev
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Müller
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Zurich Ph.D. Program in Molecular Life Sciences, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland. .,Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
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28
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Hu JS, Vogt D, Sandberg M, Rubenstein JL. Cortical interneuron development: a tale of time and space. Development 2017; 144:3867-3878. [PMID: 29089360 DOI: 10.1242/dev.132852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cortical interneurons are a diverse group of neurons that project locally and are crucial for regulating information processing and flow throughout the cortex. Recent studies in mice have advanced our understanding of how these neurons are specified, migrate and mature. Here, we evaluate new findings that provide insights into the development of cortical interneurons and that shed light on when their fate is determined, on the influence that regional domains have on their development, and on the role that key transcription factors and other crucial regulatory genes play in these events. We focus on cortical interneurons that are derived from the medial ganglionic eminence, as most studies have examined this interneuron population. We also assess how these data inform our understanding of neuropsychiatric disease and discuss the potential role of cortical interneurons in cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sheng Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Magnus Sandberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John L Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA .,Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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29
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Hartwig C, Monis WJ, Chen X, Dickman DK, Pazour GJ, Faundez V. Neurodevelopmental disease mechanisms, primary cilia, and endosomes converge on the BLOC-1 and BORC complexes. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 78:311-330. [PMID: 28986965 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1) and the bloc-one-related complex (BORC) are the cytosolic protein complexes required for specialized membrane protein traffic along the endocytic route and the spatial distribution of endosome-derived compartments, respectively. BLOC-1 and BORC complex subunits and components of their interactomes have been associated with the risk and/or pathomechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, cellular processes requiring BLOC-1 and BORC interactomes have the potential to offer novel insight into mechanisms underlying behavioral defects. We focus on interactions between BLOC-1 or BORC subunits with the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, membrane tethers, and SNAREs. These interactions highlight requirements for BLOC-1 and BORC in membrane movement by motors, control of actin polymerization, and targeting of membrane proteins to specialized cellular domains such as the nerve terminal and the primary cilium. We propose that the endosome-primary cilia pathway is an underappreciated hub in the genesis and mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 311-330, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cortnie Hartwig
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - William J Monis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605
| | - Xun Chen
- Department of Biology, Neurobiology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089
| | - Dion K Dickman
- Department of Biology, Neurobiology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089
| | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
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30
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Dysbindin-1 Involvement in the Etiology of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102044. [PMID: 28937620 PMCID: PMC5666726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder that afflicts about 1% of the world’s population, falling into the top 10 medical disorders causing disability. Existing therapeutic strategies have had limited success on cognitive impairment and long-term disability and are burdened by side effects. Although new antipsychotic medications have been launched in the past decades, there has been a general lack of significant innovation. This lack of significant progress in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia is a reflection of the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease. To date, many susceptibility genes have been identified to be associated with schizophrenia. DTNBP1 gene, which encodes dysbindin-1, has been linked to schizophrenia in multiple populations. Studies on genetic variations show that DTNBP1 modulate prefrontal brain functions and psychiatric phenotypes. Dysbindin-1 is enriched in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, while postmortem brain studies of individuals with schizophrenia show decreased levels of dysbindin-1 mRNA and protein in these brain regions. These studies proposed a strong connection between dysbindin-1 function and the pathogenesis of disease. Dysbindin-1 protein was localized at both pre- and post-synaptic sites, where it regulates neurotransmitter release and receptors signaling. Moreover, dysbindin-1 has also been found to be involved in neuronal development. Reduced expression levels of dysbindin-1 mRNA and protein appear to be common in dysfunctional brain areas of schizophrenic patients. The present review addresses our current knowledge of dysbindin-1 with emphasis on its potential role in the schizophrenia pathology. We propose that dysbindin-1 and its signaling pathways may constitute potential therapeutic targets in the therapy of schizophrenia.
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31
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O'Tuathaigh CMP, Moran PM, Zhen XC, Waddington JL. Translating advances in the molecular basis of schizophrenia into novel cognitive treatment strategies. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3173-3190. [PMID: 28667666 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence and severity of cognitive symptoms, including working memory, executive dysfunction and attentional impairment, contributes materially to functional impairment in schizophrenia. Cognitive symptoms have proved to be resistant to both first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs. Efforts to develop a consensus set of cognitive domains that are both disrupted in schizophrenia and are amenable to cross-species validation (e.g. the National Institute of Mental Health Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia and Research Domain Criteria initiatives) are an important step towards standardization of outcome measures that can be used in preclinical testing of new drugs. While causative genetic mutations have not been identified, new technologies have identified novel genes as well as hitherto candidate genes previously implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and/or mechanisms of antipsychotic efficacy. This review comprises a selective summary of these developments, particularly phenotypic data arising from preclinical genetic models for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, with the aim of indicating potential new directions for pro-cognitive therapeutics. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Pharmacology of Cognition: a Panacea for Neuropsychiatric Disease? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.19/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm M P O'Tuathaigh
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paula M Moran
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Xuechu C Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research & Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - John L Waddington
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research & Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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32
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The Proteome of BLOC-1 Genetic Defects Identifies the Arp2/3 Actin Polymerization Complex to Function Downstream of the Schizophrenia Susceptibility Factor Dysbindin at the Synapse. J Neurosci 2017; 36:12393-12411. [PMID: 27927957 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1321-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteome modifications downstream of monogenic or polygenic disorders have the potential to uncover novel molecular mechanisms participating in pathogenesis and/or extragenic modification of phenotypic expression. We tested this idea by determining the proteome sensitive to genetic defects in a locus encoding dysbindin, a protein required for synapse biology and implicated in schizophrenia risk. We applied quantitative mass spectrometry to identify proteins expressed in neuronal cells the abundance of which was altered after downregulation of the schizophrenia susceptibility factor dysbindin (Bloc1s8) or two other dysbindin-interacting polypeptides, which assemble into the octameric biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1). We found 491 proteins sensitive to dysbindin and BLOC-1 loss of function. Gene ontology of these 491 proteins singled out the actin cytoskeleton and the actin polymerization factor, the Arp2/3 complex, as top statistical molecular pathways contained within the BLOC-1-sensitive proteome. Subunits of the Arp2/3 complex were downregulated by BLOC-1 loss of function, thus affecting actin dynamics in early endosomes of BLOC-1-deficient cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Arp2/3, dysbindin, and subunits of the BLOC-1 complex biochemically and genetically interact, modulating Drosophila melanogaster synapse morphology and homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Our results indicate that ontologically prioritized proteomics identifies novel pathways that modify synaptic phenotypes associated with neurodevelopmental disorder gene defects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The mechanisms associated with schizophrenia are mostly unknown despite the increasing number of genetic loci identified that increase disease risk. We present an experimental strategy that impartially and comprehensively interrogates the proteome of neurons to identify effects of genetic mutations in a schizophrenia risk factor, dysbindin. We find that the expression of the actin polymerization complex Arp2/3 is reduced in dysbindin-deficient cells, thus affecting actin-dependent phenotypes in two cellular compartments where dysbindin resides, endosomes and presynapses. Our studies indicate that a central cellular structure affected by schizophrenia susceptibility loci is the actin cytoskeleton, an organelle necessary for synaptic function in the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartment.
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33
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van Liempd SM, Cabrera D, Lee FY, González E, Dell'Angelica EC, Ghiani CA, Falcon-Perez JM. BLOC-1 deficiency causes alterations in amino acid profile and in phospholipid and adenosine metabolism in the postnatal mouse hippocampus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5231. [PMID: 28701731 PMCID: PMC5507893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1) is a protein complex involved in the formation of endosomal tubular structures that mediates the sorting of protein cargoes to specialised compartments. In this study, we present insights into the metabolic consequences caused by BLOC-1 deficiency in pallid mice, which carry a null mutation in the Bloc1s6 gene encoding an essential component of this complex. The metabolome of the hippocampus of pallid mice was analysed using an untargeted, liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometric approach. After data pre-treatment, statistical analysis and pathway enrichment, we have identified 28 metabolites that showed statistically significant changes between pallid and wild-type control. These metabolites included amino acids, nucleobase-containing compounds and lysophospholipids. Interestingly, pallid mice displayed increased hippocampal levels of the neurotransmitters glutamate and N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamic acid (NAAG) and their precursor glutamine. Expression of the sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1), which transports glutamine into neurons, was also upregulated. Conversely, levels of the neurotransmitter precursors phenylalanine and tryptophan were decreased. Interestingly, many of these changes could be mapped to overlapping metabolic pathways. The observed metabolic alterations are likely to affect neurotransmission and neuronal homeostasis and in turn could mediate the memory and behavioural impairments observed in BLOC-1-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M van Liempd
- Metabolomics Platform. CIC bioGUNE, CIBER, Derio, 48260, Spain.
| | - D Cabrera
- Metabolomics Platform. CIC bioGUNE, CIBER, Derio, 48260, Spain
| | - F Y Lee
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - E González
- Metabolomics Platform. CIC bioGUNE, CIBER, Derio, 48260, Spain
| | - E C Dell'Angelica
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - C A Ghiani
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - J M Falcon-Perez
- Metabolomics Platform. CIC bioGUNE, CIBER, Derio, 48260, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE Research Foundation, Bilbao, Spain.
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Monis WJ, Faundez V, Pazour GJ. BLOC-1 is required for selective membrane protein trafficking from endosomes to primary cilia. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2131-2150. [PMID: 28576874 PMCID: PMC5496619 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201611138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Monis et al. demonstrate that the BLOC-1 protein complex is required for trafficking polycystin-2, but not fibrocystin or smoothened, from endosomes to primary cilia. This is the first demonstration of a role for BLOC-1 in ciliary assembly and emphasizes the complexity of distinct ciliary membrane protein trafficking routes. Primary cilia perceive the extracellular environment through receptors localized in the ciliary membrane, but mechanisms directing specific proteins to this domain are poorly understood. To address this question, we knocked down proteins potentially important for ciliary membrane targeting and determined how this affects the ciliary trafficking of fibrocystin, polycystin-2, and smoothened. Our analysis showed that fibrocystin and polycystin-2 are dependent on IFT20, GMAP210, and the exocyst complex, while smoothened delivery is largely independent of these components. In addition, we found that polycystin-2, but not smoothened or fibrocystin, requires the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1) for ciliary delivery. Consistent with the role of BLOC-1 in sorting from the endosome, we find that disrupting the recycling endosome reduces ciliary polycystin-2 and causes its accumulation in the recycling endosome. This is the first demonstration of a role for BLOC-1 in ciliary assembly and highlights the complexity of pathways taken to the cilium.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Monis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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Zhang W, Daly KM, Liang B, Zhang L, Li X, Li Y, Lin DT. BDNF rescues prefrontal dysfunction elicited by pyramidal neuron-specific DTNBP1 deletion in vivo. J Mol Cell Biol 2017; 9:117-131. [PMID: 27330059 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (Dtnbp1) is one of the earliest identified schizophrenia susceptibility genes. Reduced expression of DTNBP1 is commonly found in brain areas of schizophrenic patients. Dtnbp1-null mutant mice exhibit abnormalities in behaviors and impairments in neuronal activities. However, how diminished DTNBP1 expression contributes to clinical relevant features of schizophrenia remains to be illustrated. Here, using a conditional Dtnbp1 knockout mouse line, we identified an in vivo schizophrenia-relevant function of DTNBP1 in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We demonstrated that DTNBP1 elimination specifically in pyramidal neurons of the mPFC impaired mouse pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) behavior and reduced perisomatic GABAergic synapses. We further revealed that loss of DTNBP1 in pyramidal neurons diminished activity-dependent secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Finally, we showed that chronic BDNF infusion in the mPFC fully rescued both GABAergic synaptic dysfunction and PPI behavioral deficit induced by DTNBP1 elimination from pyramidal neurons. Our findings highlight brain region- and cell type-specific functions of DTNBP1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and underscore BDNF restoration as a potential therapeutic strategy for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kathryn M Daly
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Bo Liang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Da-Ting Lin
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.,The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Petit EI, Michalak Z, Cox R, O'Tuathaigh CMP, Clarke N, Tighe O, Talbot K, Blake D, Joel J, Shaw A, Sheardown SA, Morrison AD, Wilson S, Shapland EM, Henshall DC, Kew JN, Kirby BP, Waddington JL. Dysregulation of Specialized Delay/Interference-Dependent Working Memory Following Loss of Dysbindin-1A in Schizophrenia-Related Phenotypes. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1349-1360. [PMID: 27986973 PMCID: PMC5437891 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dysbindin-1, a protein that regulates aspects of early and late brain development, has been implicated in the pathobiology of schizophrenia. As the functional roles of the three major isoforms of dysbindin-1, (A, B, and C) remain unknown, we generated a novel mutant mouse, dys-1A-/-, with selective loss of dysbindin-1A and investigated schizophrenia-related phenotypes in both males and females. Loss of dysbindin-1A resulted in heightened initial exploration and disruption in subsequent habituation to a novel environment, together with heightened anxiety-related behavior in a stressful environment. Loss of dysbindin-1A was not associated with disruption of either long-term (olfactory) memory or spontaneous alternation behavior. However, dys-1A-/- showed enhancement in delay-dependent working memory under high levels of interference relative to controls, ie, impairment in sensitivity to the disruptive effect of such interference. These findings in dys-1A-/- provide the first evidence for differential functional roles for dysbindin-1A vs dysbindin-1C isoforms among phenotypes relevant to the pathobiology of schizophrenia. Future studies should investigate putative sex differences in these phenotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie I Petit
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zuzanna Michalak
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rachel Cox
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm M P O'Tuathaigh
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niamh Clarke
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Office of Research and Innovation, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orna Tighe
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Konrad Talbot
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Derek Blake
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Josephine Joel
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
- Horizon Discovery, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Shaw
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - Steven A Sheardown
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
- Takeda Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alastair D Morrison
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
- Worldwide Business Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Stephen Wilson
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
- Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Ellen M Shapland
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James N Kew
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - Brian P Kirby
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John L Waddington
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research & Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Chen Y, Bang S, McMullen MF, Kazi H, Talbot K, Ho MX, Carlson G, Arnold SE, Ong WY, Kim SF. Neuronal Activity-Induced Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein-1 (SREBP1) is Disrupted in Dysbindin-Null Mice-Potential Link to Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:1699-1709. [PMID: 26873854 PMCID: PMC4982840 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder that affects about 1 % of the population. Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1 or dysbindin) is one of the Research Domain Constructs (RDoC) associated with cognition and is significantly reduced in the brain of schizophrenia patients. To further understand the molecular underpinnings of pathogenesis of schizophrenia, we have performed microarray analyses of the hippocampi from dysbindin knockout mice, and found that genes involved in the lipogenic pathway are suppressed. Moreover, we discovered that maturation of a master transcriptional regulator for lipid synthesis, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1) is induced by neuronal activity, and is required for induction of the immediate early gene ARC (activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein), necessary for synaptic plasticity and memory. We found that nuclear SREBP1 is dramatically reduced in dysbindin-1 knockout mice and postmortem brain tissues from human patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, activity-dependent maturation of SREBP1 as well as ARC expression were attenuated in dysbindin-1 knockout mice, and these deficits were restored by an atypical antipsychotic drug, clozapine. Together, results indicate an important role of dysbindin-1 in neuronal activity induced SREBP1 and ARC, which could be related to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sookhee Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mary F McMullen
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hala Kazi
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Konrad Talbot
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mei-Xuan Ho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Greg Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
| | - Sangwon F Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Larimore J, Zlatic SA, Arnold M, Singleton KS, Cross R, Rudolph H, Bruegge MV, Sweetman A, Garza C, Whisnant E, Faundez V. Dysbindin Deficiency Modifies the Expression of GABA Neuron and Ion Permeation Transcripts in the Developing Hippocampus. Front Genet 2017; 8:28. [PMID: 28344592 PMCID: PMC5344932 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurodevelopmental factor dysbindin is required for synapse function and GABA interneuron development. Dysbindin protein levels are reduced in the hippocampus of schizophrenia patients. Mouse dysbindin genetic defects and other mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders share defective GABAergic neurotransmission and, in several instances, a loss of parvalbumin-positive interneuron phenotypes. This suggests that mechanisms downstream of dysbindin deficiency, such as those affecting GABA interneurons, could inform pathways contributing to or ameliorating diverse neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we define the transcriptome of developing wild type and dysbindin null Bloc1s8sdy/sdy mouse hippocampus in order to identify mechanisms downstream dysbindin defects. The dysbindin mutant transcriptome revealed previously reported GABA parvalbumin interneuron defects. However, the Bloc1s8sdy/sdy transcriptome additionally uncovered changes in the expression of molecules controlling cellular excitability such as the cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1, KCC2, and NCKX2 as well as the potassium channel subunits Kcne2 and Kcnj13. Our results suggest that dysbindin deficiency phenotypes, such as GABAergic defects, are modulated by the expression of molecules controlling the magnitude and cadence of neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miranda Arnold
- Department of Biology, Agnes-Scott College, Decatur, GA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Cross
- Department of Biology, Agnes-Scott College, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Hannah Rudolph
- Department of Biology, Agnes-Scott College, Decatur, GA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Sweetman
- Department of Biology, Agnes-Scott College, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Cecilia Garza
- Department of Biology, Agnes-Scott College, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Eli Whisnant
- Department of Biology, Agnes-Scott College, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Bakanidze G, Brandl EJ, Hutzler C, Aurass F, Onken S, Rapp MA, Puls I. Association of Dystrobrevin-Binding Protein 1 Polymorphisms with Sustained Attention and Set-Shifting in Schizophrenia Patients. Neuropsychobiology 2017; 74:41-47. [PMID: 27798936 DOI: 10.1159/000450550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive research in the past decades, the influence of genetics on cognitive functions in schizophrenia remains unclear. Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) is one of the most promising candidate genes in schizophrenia. An association of DTNBP1 with cognitive dysfunction, particularly memory impairment, has been reported in a number of studies. However, the results remain inconsistent. The aim of this study was to measure the association between DTNBP1 polymorphisms and cognitive domains in a well-characterized sample. METHODS Ninety-one clinically stable schizophrenia outpatients underwent a battery of cognitive tests. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DTNBP1 were genotyped in all participants. Statistical and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Factor analysis revealed 4 factors corresponding to distinct cognitive domains, namely sustained attention, set-shifting, executive functioning, and memory. We found a significant association of the rs909706 polymorphism with attention (p = 0.030) and a nonsignificant trend for set-shifting (p = 0.060). The other SNPs and haplotypes were not associated with cognitive function. DISCUSSION Replication of this finding in a larger sample is needed in order to confirm the importance of this particular polymorphism in the genetics of schizophrenia, particularly the distinct cognitive domains. In conclusion, the present study supports the involvement of DTNBP1 in the regulation of cognitive processes and demonstrates association in particular with sustained attention and set-shifting in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Bakanidze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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40
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Walter EE, Fernandez F, Snelling M, Barkus E. Genetic Consideration of Schizotypal Traits: A Review. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1769. [PMID: 27895608 PMCID: PMC5108787 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizotypal traits are of interest and importance in their own right and also have theoretical and clinical associations with schizophrenia. These traits comprise attenuated psychotic symptoms, social withdrawal, reduced cognitive capacity, and affective dysregulation. The link between schizotypal traits and psychotic disorders has long since been debated. The status of knowledge at this point is such schizotypal traits are a risk for psychotic disorders, but in and of themselves only confer liability, with other risk factors needing to be present before a transition to psychosis occurs. Investigation of schizotypal traits also has the possibility to inform clinical and research pursuits concerning those who do not make a transition to psychotic disorders. A growing body of literature has investigated the genetic underpinnings of schizotypal traits. Here, we review association, family studies and describe genetic disorders where the expression of schizotypal traits has been investigated. We conducted a thorough review of the existing literature, with multiple search engines, references, and linked articles being searched for relevance to the current review. All articles and book chapters in English were sourced and reviewed for inclusion. Family studies demonstrate that schizotypal traits are elevated with increasing genetic proximity to schizophrenia and some chromosomal regions have been associated with schizotypy. Genes associated with schizophrenia have provided the initial start point for the investigation of candidate genes for schizotypal traits; neurobiological pathways of significance have guided selection of genes of interest. Given the chromosomal regions associated with schizophrenia, some genetic disorders have also considered the expression of schizotypal traits. Genetic disorders considered all comprise a profile of cognitive deficits and over representation of psychotic disorders compared to the general population. We conclude that genetic variations associated with schizotypal traits require further investigation, perhaps with targeted phenotypes narrowed to assist in refining the clinical end point of significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. Walter
- School of Psychology, University of WollongongWollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Francesca Fernandez
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of WollongongWollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Mollie Snelling
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of WollongongWollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Barkus
- School of Psychology, University of WollongongWollongong, NSW, Australia
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Arnold M, Cross R, Singleton KS, Zlatic S, Chapleau C, Mullin AP, Rolle I, Moore CC, Theibert A, Pozzo-Miller L, Faundez V, Larimore J. The Endosome Localized Arf-GAP AGAP1 Modulates Dendritic Spine Morphology Downstream of the Neurodevelopmental Disorder Factor Dysbindin. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:218. [PMID: 27713690 PMCID: PMC5031601 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AGAP1 is an Arf1 GTPase activating protein that interacts with the vesicle-associated protein complexes adaptor protein 3 (AP-3) and Biogenesis of Lysosome Related Organelles Complex-1 (BLOC-1). Overexpression of AGAP1 in non-neuronal cells results in an accumulation of endosomal cargoes, which suggests a role in endosome-dependent traffic. In addition, AGAP1 is a candidate susceptibility gene for two neurodevelopmental disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ); yet its localization and function in neurons have not been described. Here, we describe that AGAP1 localizes to axons, dendrites, dendritic spines and synapses, colocalizing preferentially with markers of early and recycling endosomes. Functional studies reveal overexpression and down-regulation of AGAP1 affects both neuronal endosomal trafficking and dendritic spine morphology, supporting a role for AGAP1 in the recycling endosomal trafficking involved in their morphogenesis. Finally, we determined the sensitivity of AGAP1 expression to mutations in the DTNBP1 gene, which is associated with neurodevelopmental disorder, and found that AGAP1 mRNA and protein levels are selectively reduced in the null allele of the mouse ortholog of DTNBP1. We postulate that endosomal trafficking contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders affecting dendritic spine morphology, and thus excitatory synapse structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Arnold
- Department of Biology, Agnes-Scott College Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca Cross
- Department of Biology, Agnes-Scott College Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Kaela S Singleton
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Christopher Chapleau
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Isaiah Rolle
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, The Medical School of Ohio University Athens, OH, USA
| | - Carlene C Moore
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anne Theibert
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lucas Pozzo-Miller
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
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Gao R, Penzes P. Common mechanisms of excitatory and inhibitory imbalance in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Curr Mol Med 2015; 15:146-67. [PMID: 25732149 DOI: 10.2174/1566524015666150303003028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Schizophrenia (SCZ) are cognitive disorders with complex genetic architectures but overlapping behavioral phenotypes, which suggests common pathway perturbations. Multiple lines of evidence implicate imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory activity (E/I imbalance) as a shared pathophysiological mechanism. Thus, understanding the molecular underpinnings of E/I imbalance may provide essential insight into the etiology of these disorders and may uncover novel targets for future drug discovery. Here, we review key genetic, physiological, neuropathological, functional, and pathway studies that suggest alterations to excitatory/inhibitory circuits are keys to ASD and SCZ pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Increased dysbindin-1B isoform expression in schizophrenia and its propensity in aggresome formation. Cell Discov 2015; 1:15032. [PMID: 27462430 PMCID: PMC4860834 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations in the human dysbindin-1 gene (DTNBP1) have been associated with schizophrenia. As a result of alternative splicing, the human DTNBP1 gene generates at least three distinct protein isoforms, dysbindin-1A, -1B and -1C. Significant effort has focused on dysbindin-1A, an important player in multiple steps of neurodevelopment. However, the other isoforms, dysbindin-1B and dysbindin-1C have not been well characterized. Nor have been associated with human diseases. Here we report an increase in expression of DTNBP1b mRNA in patients with paranoid schizophrenia as compared with healthy controls. A single-nucleotide polymorphism located in intron 9, rs117610176, has been identified and associated with paranoid schizophrenia, and its C allele leads to an increase of DTNBP1b mRNA splicing. Our data show that different dysbindin splicing isoforms exhibit distinct subcellular distribution, suggesting their distinct functional activities. Dysbindin-1B forms aggresomes at the perinuclear region, whereas dysbindin-1A and -1C proteins exhibit diffused patterns in the cytoplasm. Dysbindin-1A interacts with dysbindin-1B, getting recruited to the aggresome structure when co-expressed with dysbindin-1B. Moreover, cortical neurons over-expressing dysbindin-1B show reduction in neurite outgrowth, suggesting that dysbindin-1B may interfere with dysbindin-1A function in a dominant-negative manner. Taken together, our study uncovers a previously unknown association of DTNBP1b expression with schizophrenia in addition to its distinct biochemical and functional properties.
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Egbujo C, Sinclair D, Borgmann-Winter K, Arnold SE, Turetsky B, Hahn CG. Molecular evidence for decreased synaptic efficacy in the postmortem olfactory bulb of individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 168:554-62. [PMID: 26260078 PMCID: PMC5119750 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence suggest altered synaptic plasticity/connectivity as a pathophysiologic mechanism for various symptom domains of schizophrenia. Olfactory dysfunction, an endophenotype of schizophrenia, reflects altered activity of the olfactory circuitry, which conveys signals from olfactory receptor neurons to the olfactory cortex via synaptic connections in the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. The olfactory system begins with intranasal olfactory receptor neuron axons synapsing with mitral and tufted cells in the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb, which then convey signals directly to the olfactory cortex. We hypothesized that olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia is associated with dysregulation of synaptic efficacy in the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. To test this, we employed semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry to examine the olfactory bulbs of 13 postmortem samples from schizophrenia and their matched control pairs for glomerular expression of 5 pre- and postsynaptic proteins that are involved in the integrity and function of synapses. In the glomeruli of schizophrenia cases compared to their matched controls, we found significant decreases in three presynaptic proteins which play crucial roles in vesicular glutamate transport - synapsin IIa (-18.05%, p=0.019), synaptophysin (-24.08% p=0.0016) and SNAP-25 (-23.9%, p=0.046). Two postsynaptic proteins important for spine formation and glutamatergic signaling were also decreased-spinophilin (-17.40%, p=0.042) and PSD-95 (-34.06%, p=0.015). These findings provide molecular evidence for decreased efficacy of synapses within the olfactory bulb, which may represent a synaptic mechanism underlying olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Egbujo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Duncan Sinclair
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Karin Borgmann-Winter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bruce Turetsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chang-Gyu Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Abstract
Dysbindin is a schizophrenia susceptibility factor and subunit of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1) required for lysosome-related organelle biogenesis, and in neurons, synaptic vesicle assembly, neurotransmission, and plasticity. Protein networks, or interactomes, downstream of dysbindin/BLOC-1 remain partially explored despite their potential to illuminate neurodevelopmental disorder mechanisms. Here, we conducted a proteome-wide search for polypeptides whose cellular content is sensitive to dysbindin/BLOC-1 loss of function. We identified components of the vesicle fusion machinery as factors downregulated in dysbindin/BLOC-1 deficiency in neuroectodermal cells and iPSC-derived human neurons, among them the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF). Human dysbindin/BLOC-1 coprecipitates with NSF and vice versa, and both proteins colocalized in a Drosophila model synapse. To test the hypothesis that NSF and dysbindin/BLOC-1 participate in a pathway-regulating synaptic function, we examined the role for NSF in dysbindin/BLOC-1-dependent synaptic homeostatic plasticity in Drosophila. As previously described, we found that mutations in dysbindin precluded homeostatic synaptic plasticity elicited by acute blockage of postsynaptic receptors. This dysbindin mutant phenotype is fully rescued by presynaptic expression of either dysbindin or Drosophila NSF. However, neither reduction of NSF alone or in combination with dysbindin haploinsufficiency impaired homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Our results demonstrate that dysbindin/BLOC-1 expression defects result in altered cellular content of proteins of the vesicle fusion apparatus and therefore influence synaptic plasticity.
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Gokhale A, Vrailas-Mortimer A, Larimore J, Comstra HS, Zlatic SA, Werner E, Manvich DF, Iuvone PM, Weinshenker D, Faundez V. Neuronal copper homeostasis susceptibility by genetic defects in dysbindin, a schizophrenia susceptibility factor. Hum Mol Genet 2015. [PMID: 26199316 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors and susceptible genomes interact to determine the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Although few genes and environmental factors have been linked, the intervening cellular and molecular mechanisms connecting a disorder susceptibility gene with environmental factors remain mostly unexplored. Here we focus on the schizophrenia susceptibility gene DTNBP1 and its product dysbindin, a subunit of the BLOC-1 complex, and describe a neuronal pathway modulating copper metabolism via ATP7A. Mutations in ATP7A result in Menkes disease, a disorder of copper metabolism. Dysbindin/BLOC-1 and ATP7A genetically and biochemically interact. Furthermore, disruption of this pathway causes alteration in the transcriptional profile of copper-regulatory and dependent factors in the hippocampus of dysbindin/BLOC-1-null mice. Dysbindin/BLOC-1 loss-of-function alleles do not affect cell and tissue copper content, yet they alter the susceptibility to toxic copper challenges in both mammalian cells and Drosophila. Our results demonstrate that perturbations downstream of the schizophrenia susceptibility gene DTNBP1 confer susceptibility to copper, a metal that in excess is a neurotoxin and whose depletion constitutes a micronutrient deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Heather S Comstra
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Erica Werner
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniel F Manvich
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - P Michael Iuvone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,
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Fu C, Chen D, Chen R, Hu Q, Wang G. The Schizophrenia-Related Protein Dysbindin-1A Is Degraded and Facilitates NF-Kappa B Activity in the Nucleus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132639. [PMID: 26171858 PMCID: PMC4501731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1), a gene encoding dysbindin-1, has been identified as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Functioning with partners in synapses or the cytoplasm, this gene regulates neurite outgrowth and neurotransmitter release. Loss of dysbindin-1 affects schizophrenia pathology. Dysbindin-1 is also found in the nucleus, however, the characteristics of dysbindin in the nucleus are not fully understood. Here, we found that dysbindin-1A is degraded in the nucleus via the ubiquitin-proteasome system and that amino acids 2-41 at the N-terminus are required for this process. By interacting with p65, dysbindin-1A promotes the transcriptional activity of NF-kappa B in the nucleus and positively regulates MMP-9 expression. Taken together, the data obtained in this study demonstrate that dysbindin-1A protein levels are highly regulated in the nucleus and that dysbindin-1A regulates transcription factor NF-kappa B activity to promote the expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingsong Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Hefei, Anhui, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Dysbindin is a schizophrenia susceptibility gene required for the development of dendritic spines. The expression of dysbindin proteins is decreased in the brains of schizophrenia patients, and neurons in mice carrying a deletion in the dysbindin gene have fewer dendritic spines. Hence, dysbindin might contribute to the spine pathology of schizophrenia, which manifests as a decrease in the number of dendritic spines. The development of dendritic spines is a dynamic process involving formation, retraction, and transformation of dendritic protrusions. It has yet to be determined whether dysbindin regulates the dynamics of dendritic protrusions. Here we address this question using time-lapse imaging in hippocampal neurons. Our results show that dysbindin is required to stabilize dendritic protrusions. In dysbindin-null neurons, dendritic protrusions are hyperactive in formation, retraction, and conversion between different types of protrusions. We further show that CaMKIIα is required for the stabilization of mushroom/thin spines, and that the hyperactivity of dendritic protrusions in dysbindin-null neurons is attributed in part to decreased CaMKIIα activity resulting from increased inhibition of CaMKIIα by Abi1. These findings elucidate the function of dysbindin in the dynamic morphogenesis of dendritic protrusions, and reveal the essential roles of dysbindin and CaMKIIα in the stabilization of dendritic protrusions during neuronal development.
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Varela-Gomez N, Mata I, Perez-Iglesias R, Rodriguez-Sanchez JM, Ayesa R, Fatjo-Vilas M, Crespo-Facorro B. Dysbindin gene variability is associated with cognitive abnormalities in first-episode non-affective psychosis. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2015; 20:144-56. [PMID: 25530342 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2014.991780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 gene (dysbindin or DTNBP1) has been associated with schizophrenia and cognitive performance. Its expression in areas implicated in cognition such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, as well as its role in dopaminergic and glutamatergic system, has been replicated by several studies. The main aim of this study was to examine the association between DTNBP1 variability and cognitive performance in a sample of 238 patients with a first episode of a non-affective psychosis. METHODS Patients, and a comparison sample of 47 healthy subjects, completed an extensive neuropsychological battery. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within DTNBP1 (rs2619528, rs2619538, rs3213207, rs2619539 and rs760761) and three haplotypes (GACAC, GAGAC and GTGAC) were analysed. RESULTS In the group of patients, we found a significant association between two of the DTNBP1 SNPs and one of the haplotypes (rs2619539, rs3213207 and GACAC) and a measure of premorbid IQ [Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-3rd Edition (WAIS-III) Vocabulary subtest]. Moreover, one of these SNPs, rs2619539, was also associated with our measure of working memory (WAIS-III Backward digits subtest) and two haplotypes, GAGAC and GTGAC, with our measure of verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), of visual memory (Rey Complex Figure Test) in the case of GAGAC, and of speed of processing (WAIS-III Digit Symbol-coding) in the case of GTGAC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings add further evidence suggesting an association between dysbindin gene variability and cognitive abnormalities in schizophrenia, providing preliminary evidence of this association since the time of illness onset among minimally medicated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Varela-Gomez
- a Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV , University of Cantabria , Santander , Spain
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Tan GKN, Tee SF, Tang PY. Genetic association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in dystrobrevin binding protein 1 gene with schizophrenia in a Malaysian population. Genet Mol Biol 2015; 38:138-46. [PMID: 26273215 PMCID: PMC4530642 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-4757382220140142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) gene is pivotal in regulating the glutamatergic system. Genetic variants of the DTNBP1 affect cognition and thus may be particularly relevant to schizophrenia. We therefore evaluated the association of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with schizophrenia in a Malaysian population (171 cases; 171 controls). Associations between these six SNPs and schizophrenia were tested in two stages. Association signals with p < 0.05 and minor allele frequency > 0.05 in stage 1 were followed by genotyping the SNPs in a replication phase (stage 2). Genotyping was performed with sequenced specific primer (PCR-SSP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In our sample, we found significant associations between rs2619522 (allele p = 0.002, OR = 1.902, 95%CI = 1.266 – 2.859; genotype p = 0.002) and rs2619528 (allele p = 0.008, OR = 1.606, 95%CI = 1.130 – 2.281; genotype p = 6.18 × 10−5) and schizophrenia. Given that these two SNPs may be associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, further studies on the other DTNBP1 variants are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kang Ning Tan
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Foon Tee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pek Yee Tang
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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