1
|
Mortillo M, Kennedy E, Hermetz K, Burt A, Marsit C. Associations between placental hydroxymethylation and birthweight. EPIGENETICS REPORTS 2024; 2:1-7. [PMID: 39091447 PMCID: PMC11290493 DOI: 10.1080/28361512.2024.2376954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), formed through the ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenase mediated oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) at cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides, is believed to mainly serve as an intermediate in the DNA demethylation pathway, though recent evidence suggests that 5hmC may also play a functionally relevant role. We have conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) to assess the association between placenta 5hmC, obtained through parallel bisulfite and oxidative bisulfite modification of DNA and array-based assessment, and newborn birthweight in the Rhode Island Child Health Study (RICHS). We also assessed whether the removal of 5hmC signal impacts the observed results from traditional epigenome-wide studies that rely on BS modification-based (combined 5mC and 5hmC) assessment alone. We identified 5hmC at one CpG in the CUBN gene to be significantly associated with birthweight (FDR < 0.05) and demonstrate that expression of that gene was also associated with birthweight. Comparison of 5hmC+5mC and 5mC EWAS effect estimates reveal a strong correlation (r = 0.77, p < 0.0001). Our study suggests that traditional assessment of 5mC through bisulfite modification alone provides an accurate assessment of CpG-specific DNA methylation for EWAS studies but was unable to provide evidence of widespread associations between placental 5hmC and birthweight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mortillo
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
| | - Elizabeth Kennedy
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
| | - Karen Hermetz
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
| | - Amber Burt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
| | - Carmen Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Dai F, Zhu R, Zhang Y, Chen J, Chen L, Liu H, Cheng Y. Dysregulation of CREB5 Impairs Decidualization and Maternal-Fetal Interactions by Inhibiting Autophagy in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1983-2000. [PMID: 38424407 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically, recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a pregnancy illness that is difficult to treat. Impaired decidualization is a documented cause of RSA, but the etiology and mechanism are still unknown. cAMP-responsive element binding protein 5 (CREB5) is a member of the ATF/CREB family. CREB5 has been reported to be related to pathological pregnancy, but there are few related studies on this topic in patients with RSA, and the underlying mechanism is unclear. METHODS We collected decidual tissues from RSA patients and healthy pregnant women to measure the expression level of CREB5, PRL, IGFBP1, ATG5, LC3B, and SQSTM/p62. Then, the changes in CREB5 expression and autophagy levels were measured in human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) during decidualization. The expression levels of PRL and IGFBP1 were tested in sh-CREB5/ov-CREB5 hESCs after decidualization induction, and the autophagy level in sh-CREB5/ov-CREB5 hESCs was measured without decidualization induction. The decidualization ability of sh-CREB5 and ov-CREB5 hESCs treated with an autophagy inducer or inhibitor was measured. To investigate the effect of CREB5 in hESCs on the invasion and migration of HTR8/SVneo cells, we performed a coculture experiment. Finally, we examined the expression of CREB5 and autophagy key proteins in mouse decidual tissues by constructing an abortion mouse model. RESULTS In our study, we found that the expression of CREB5 was unusually elevated in the uterine decidua of RSA patients, but the expression of PRL, IGFBP1, and autophagy were decreased. During the decidualization of hESCs, the expression of CREB5 gradually decreases in a time-dependent manner with increasing autophagy. Moreover, by knocking down or overexpressing CREB5 in hESCs, it was found that CREB5 can impair decidualization and reduce autophagy in hESCs. Furthermore, the damage caused by CREB5 in terms of decidualization can be reversed by the addition of an autophagy inducer (rapamycin). In addition, CREB5 can increase the secretion of proteins (IL-1β and TGF-β1) in hESCs to inhibit trophoblast invasion and migration. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the supposition that CREB5 disturbs the decidualization of endometrial stromal cells and interactions at the maternal-fetal interface by inhibiting autophagy and that its abnormal upregulation and dysfunction may lead to RSA. It may function as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for RSA. Similarly, we found that in the spontaneous abortion mouse model, the expression of CREB5 in the decidual tissue of the abortion group was significantly increased, and autophagy was decreased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhidian Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghui Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Caidian District People's Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430100, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Unjitwattana T, Huang Q, Yang Y, Yang Y, Zhou M, Du Y, Garmire LX. Rescue Blood Contamination in scRNA-Seq Data by Originator, a Computational Deciphering Tool using Genetic and Contextual Information. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.04.588144. [PMID: 38617220 PMCID: PMC11014553 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data from complex human tissues have prevalent blood cell contamination due to the sample preparation process and may comprise cells of different genetic makeups. To reveal such complexity and annotate cells appropriately, we propose the first-of-its-kind computational framework, Originator, which deciphers single cells by genetic origin and separates blood cells from tissue-resident cells. We show that blood contamination is widely spread in scRNA-Seq data from a variety of tissues. We warn of the significant biases in downstream analysis without considering blood contamination and genetic contexts using pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and placenta data, respectively.
Collapse
|
4
|
Morey R, Bui T, Cheung VC, Dong C, Zemke JE, Requena D, Arora H, Jackson MG, Pizzo D, Theunissen TW, Horii M. iPSC-based modeling of preeclampsia identifies epigenetic defects in extravillous trophoblast differentiation. iScience 2024; 27:109569. [PMID: 38623329 PMCID: PMC11016801 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive pregnancy disorder with increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Abnormal extravillous trophoblast (EVT) development and function is considered to be the underlying cause of PE, but has not been previously modeled in vitro. We previously derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from placentas of PE patients and characterized abnormalities in formation of syncytiotrophoblast and responses to changes in oxygen tension. In this study, we converted these primed iPSC to naïve iPSC, and then derived trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and EVT to evaluate molecular mechanisms underlying PE. We found that primed (but not naïve) iPSC-derived PE-EVT have reduced surface HLA-G, blunted invasive capacity, and altered EVT-specific gene expression. These abnormalities correlated with promoter hypermethylation of genes associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway, specifically in primed-iPSC derived PE-EVT. Our findings indicate that abnormal epigenetic regulation might play a role in PE pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Morey
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Perinatal Discovery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tony Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Perinatal Discovery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Virginia Chu Cheung
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Perinatal Discovery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph E. Zemke
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniela Requena
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Perinatal Discovery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Harneet Arora
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Perinatal Discovery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Madeline G. Jackson
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Perinatal Discovery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Donald Pizzo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thorold W. Theunissen
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mariko Horii
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Perinatal Discovery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mo W, Jin J, Wang X, Luan W, Yan J, Long X. MicroRNA-206 Contributes to the Progression of Preeclampsia by Suppressing the Viability and Mobility of Trophocytes via the Inhibition of AGTR1. Physiol Res 2023; 72:597-606. [PMID: 38015759 PMCID: PMC10751052 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of preeclampsia (PE) is associated with the impaired trophoblast motility. MicroRNAs (miRs) contribute to the modulation of trophoblast invasion. In the current study, the role of miR-206/AGTR1 in the TNF-alpha-induced invasion defect of trophoblasts was explored. The levels of miR-206 and ATGR1 in clinical placenta tissues were investigated. Trophoblasts were treated with TNF-alpha, and the levels of miR-206 and ATGR1 were modulated. Changes in cell viability, invasion, and inflammation in trophoblasts were detected. The level of miR-206 was induced, while the level of AGTR1 was suppressed in placenta tissues. In in vitro assays, TNF-alpha suppressed viability, induced inflammatory response, inhibited invasion, upregulated miR-206, and down-regulated AGTR1. The inhibited expression of miR-206 or the overexpression of AGTR1 counteracted the effects of TNF-alpha, indicating the key role of the miR-206/AGTR1 in progression of PE. Collectively, miR-206 suppressed viability, induced inflammatory response, and decreased invasion of trophoblasts by inhibiting AGTR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Mo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vu HTH, Scott RL, Iqbal K, Soares MJ, Tuteja G. Core conserved transcriptional regulatory networks define the invasive trophoblast cell lineage. Development 2023; 150:dev201826. [PMID: 37417811 PMCID: PMC10445752 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The invasive trophoblast cell lineages in rat and human share crucial responsibilities in establishing the uterine-placental interface of the hemochorial placenta. These observations have led to the rat becoming an especially useful animal model for studying hemochorial placentation. However, our understanding of similarities or differences between regulatory mechanisms governing rat and human invasive trophoblast cell populations is limited. In this study, we generated single-nucleus ATAC-seq data from gestation day 15.5 and 19.5 rat uterine-placental interface tissues, and integrated the data with single-cell RNA-seq data generated at the same stages. We determined the chromatin accessibility profiles of invasive trophoblast, natural killer, macrophage, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and compared invasive trophoblast chromatin accessibility with extravillous trophoblast cell accessibility. In comparing chromatin accessibility profiles between species, we found similarities in patterns of gene regulation and groups of motifs enriched in accessible regions. Finally, we identified a conserved gene regulatory network in invasive trophoblast cells. Our data, findings and analysis will facilitate future studies investigating regulatory mechanisms essential for the invasive trophoblast cell lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha T. H. Vu
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Regan L. Scott
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Michael J. Soares
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Center for Perinatal Research, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Geetu Tuteja
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim M, Lee J, Cai L, Choi H, Oh D, Jawad A, Hyun SH. Neurotrophin-4 promotes the specification of trophectoderm lineage after parthenogenetic activation and enhances porcine early embryonic development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1194596. [PMID: 37519302 PMCID: PMC10373506 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1194596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), a neurotrophic factor, appears to affect early embryonic development because it is secreted not only by neurons but also by oviductal and uterine epithelial cells. However, no studies have characterized the effects of NT-4 on early embryonic development in pigs. In this study, we applied the experimental model of parthenogenetic-activation (PA)-derived embryos. Herein, we investigated the effect of NT-4 supplementation during the in vitro culture (IVC) of embryos, analyzed the transcription levels of specific genes, and outlined the first cell lineage specification for porcine PA-derived blastocysts. We confirmed that NT-4 and its receptor proteins were localized in both the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) in porcine blastocysts. Across different concentrations (0, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL) of NT-4 supplementation, the optimal concentration of NT-4 to improve the developmental competence of porcine parthenotes was 10 ng/mL. NT-4 supplementation during porcine IVC significantly (p < 0.05) increased the proportion of TE cells by inducing the transcription of TE lineage markers (CDX2, PPAG3, and GATA3 transcripts). NT-4 also reduced blastocyst apoptosis by regulating the transcription of apoptosis-related genes (BAX and BCL2L1 transcripts) and improved blastocyst quality via the interaction of neurotrophin-, Hippo-yes-associated protein (Hippo-YAP) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway. Additionally, NT-4 supplementation during IVC significantly (p < 0.05) increased YAP1 transcript levels and significantly (p < 0.01) decreased LATS2 transcript levels, respectively, in the porcine PA-derived blastocysts. We also confirmed through fluorescence intensity that the YAP1 protein was significantly (p < 0.001) increased in the NT-4-treated blastocysts compared with that in the control. NT-4 also promoted differentiation into the TE lineage rather than into the ICM lineage during porcine early embryonic development. In conclusion, 10 ng/mL NT-4 supplementation enhanced blastocyst quality by regulating the apoptosis- and TE lineage specification-related genes and interacting with neurotrophin-, Hippo-YAP-, and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway during porcine in vitro embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirae Kim
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyeong Lee
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lian Cai
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Veterinary Biosecurity and Protection, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerin Choi
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Oh
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Jawad
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Hyun
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Veterinary Biosecurity and Protection, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vu HTH, Scott RL, Iqbal K, Soares MJ, Tuteja G. CORE CONSERVED TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY NETWORKS DEFINE THE INVASIVE TROPHOBLAST CELL LINEAGE. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.30.534962. [PMID: 37066272 PMCID: PMC10103937 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.30.534962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The invasive trophoblast cell lineage in rat and human share crucial responsibilities in establishing the uterine-placental interface of the hemochorial placenta. These observations have led to the rat becoming an especially useful animal model to study hemochorial placentation. However, our understanding of similarities or differences between regulatory mechanisms governing rat and human invasive trophoblast cell populations is limited. In this study, we generated single-nucleus (sn) ATAC-seq data from gestation day (gd) 15.5 and 19.5 rat uterine-placental interface tissues and integrated the data with single-cell RNA-seq data generated at the same stages. We determined the chromatin accessibility profiles of invasive trophoblast, natural killer, macrophage, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells, and compared invasive trophoblast chromatin accessibility to extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell accessibility. In comparing chromatin accessibility profiles between species, we found similarities in patterns of gene regulation and groups of motifs enriched in accessible regions. Finally, we identified a conserved gene regulatory network in invasive trophoblast cells. Our data, findings and analysis will facilitate future studies investigating regulatory mechanisms essential for the invasive trophoblast cell lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha T. H. Vu
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Regan L. Scott
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160
| | - Michael J. Soares
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160
- Center for Perinatal Research, Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO, 64108
| | - Geetu Tuteja
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liang L, Chen Y, Wu C, Cao Z, Xia L, Meng J, He L, Yang C, Wang Z. MicroRNAs: key regulators of the trophoblast function in pregnancy disorders. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:3-17. [PMID: 36508034 PMCID: PMC9742672 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is essential for a successful pregnancy and healthy intrauterine development in mammals. During human pregnancy, the growth and development of the placenta are inseparable from the rapid proliferation, invasion, and migration of trophoblast cells. Previous reports have shown that the occurrence of many pregnancy disorders may be closely related to the dysfunction of trophoblasts. However, the function regulation of human trophoblast cells in the placenta is poorly understood. Therefore, studying the factors that regulate the function of trophoblast cells is necessary. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, single-stranded RNA molecules. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs play a crucial role in regulating trophoblast functions. This review outlines the role of miRNAs in regulating the function of trophoblast cells and several common signaling pathways related to miRNA regulation in pregnancy disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Liang
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Department of Cardiovascular, The Third Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Zitong Cao
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Linzhen Xia
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Jun Meng
- grid.461579.8Department of Function, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Lu He
- grid.461579.8Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Chunfen Yang
- grid.461579.8Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Zuo Wang
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu Y, Liu X, Xu Y, Lin Y. Hyperglycemia disturbs trophoblast functions and subsequently leads to failure of uterine spiral artery remodeling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1060253. [PMID: 37091848 PMCID: PMC10113679 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1060253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine spiral artery remodeling is necessary for fetal growth and development as well as pregnancy outcomes. During remodeling, trophoblasts invade the arteries, replace the endothelium and disrupt the vascular smooth muscle, and are strictly regulated by the local microenvironment. Elevated glucose levels at the fetal-maternal interface are associated with disorganized placental villi and poor placental blood flow. Hyperglycemia disturbs trophoblast proliferation and invasion via inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, altering the protein expression of related proteases (MMP9, MMP2, and uPA) and angiogenic factors (VEGF, PIGF). Besides, hyperglycemia influences the cellular crosstalk between immune cells, trophoblast, and vascular cells, leading to the failure of spiral artery remodeling. This review provides insight into molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of hyperglycemia that influence trophoblast functions and uterine spiral artery remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichi Xu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Lin,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miller D, Garcia-Flores V, Romero R, Galaz J, Pique-Regi R, Gomez-Lopez N. Single-Cell Immunobiology of the Maternal-Fetal Interface. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1450-1464. [PMID: 36192116 PMCID: PMC9536179 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy success requires constant dialogue between the mother and developing conceptus. Such crosstalk is facilitated through complex interactions between maternal and fetal cells at distinct tissue sites, collectively termed the "maternal-fetal interface." The emergence of single-cell technologies has enabled a deeper understanding of the unique processes taking place at the maternal-fetal interface as well as the discovery of novel pathways and immune and nonimmune cell types. Single-cell approaches have also been applied to decipher the cellular dynamics throughout pregnancy, in parturition, and in obstetrical syndromes such as recurrent spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and preterm labor. Furthermore, single-cell technologies have been used during the recent COVID-19 pandemic to evaluate placental viral cell entry and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal and fetal immunity. In this brief review, we summarize the current knowledge of cellular immunobiology in pregnancy and its complications that has been generated through single-cell investigations of the maternal-fetal interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Valeria Garcia-Flores
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI
| | - Jose Galaz
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen M, Shi JL, Zheng ZM, Lin Z, Li MQ, Shao J. Galectins: Important Regulators in Normal and Pathologic Pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710110. [PMID: 36077508 PMCID: PMC9456357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins (Gal) are characterized by their affinity for galactoside structures on glycoconjugates. This relationship is mediated by carbohydrate recognition domains, which are multifunctional regulators of basic cellular biological processes with high structural similarity among family members. They participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as in reproductive immunology. Recently, the discovery that galectins are highly expressed at the maternal–fetal interface has garnerd the interest of experts in human reproduction. Galectins are involved in a variety of functions such as maternal–fetal immune tolerance, angiogenesis, trophoblast invasion and placental development and are considered to be important mediators of successful embryo implantation and during pregnancy. Dysregulation of these galectins is associated with abnormal and pathological pregnancies (e.g., preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth). Our work reviews the regulatory mechanisms of galectins in normal and pathological pregnancies and has implications for clinicians in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jia-Lu Shi
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zi-Meng Zheng
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Correspondence: (M.-Q.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jun Shao
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence: (M.-Q.L.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Characteristic DNA methylation profiles of chorionic villi in recurrent miscarriage. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11673. [PMID: 35896560 PMCID: PMC9329430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of transcriptional programs that are tightly regulated by DNA methylation during placental and fetal development at different gestational stages, may cause recurrent miscarriage. Here, we examined genome-wide DNA methylation in chorionic villi and decidual tissues from patients suffering RM and from healthy women who had undergone artificial abortion (n = 5 each). We found that 13,426 and 5816 CpG sites were differentially methylated in chorionic villi and decidua, respectively. DNA methylation profiles of chorionic villi, but not decidua, in RM patients was clearly distinct from AA controls. Among the differentially methylated genes, the enhancer region of SPATS2L was significantly more highly methylated in RM patients (n = 19) than AA controls (n = 19; mean methylation level, 52.0%-vs.-28.9%, P < 0.001), resulting in reduced expression of SPATS2L protein in the former. Functionally, depletion of SPATS2L in extravillous trophoblast cells decreased their invasion and migration abilities. Our data indicate that particularly the chorionic villi in RM patients exhibit distinct DNA methylation profiles compared with normal pregnancies and that this changed DNA methylation status may impede the progression of embryo development via the altered expression of genes such as SPATS2L in the villi.
Collapse
|
14
|
He S, Ning Y, Ma F, Liu D, Jiang S, Deng S. IL-23 Inhibits Trophoblast Proliferation, Migration, and EMT via Activating p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway to Promote Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:792-799. [PMID: 35637168 PMCID: PMC9628909 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2112.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As a vital problem in reproductive health, recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) affects about 1% of women. We performed this study with an aim to explore the molecular mechanism of interleukin-23 (IL-23) and find optimal or effective methods to improve RSA. First, ELISA was applied to evaluate the expressions of IL-23 and its receptor in HTR-8/SVneo cells after IL-23 treatment. CCK-8, TUNEL, wound healing and transwell assays were employed to assess the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells, respectively. Additionally, the expressions of apoptosis-, migration-, epithelial-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) and p38 MAPK signaling pathway-related proteins were measured by western blotting. To further investigate the relationship between IL-23 and p38 MAPK signaling pathway, HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated for 1 h with p38 MAPK inhibitor SB239063, followed by a series of cellular experiments on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, as aforementioned. The results showed that IL-23 and its receptors were greatly elevated in IL-23-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells. Additionally, IL-23 demonstrated suppressive effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and EMT of IL-23-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells. More importantly, the molecular mechanism of IL-23 was revealed in this study; that is to say, IL-23 inhibited the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and EMT of IL-23-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells via activating p38 MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, IL-23 inhibits trophoblast proliferation, migration, and EMT via activating p38 MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting that IL-23 might be a novel target for the improvement of RSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ning
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +0755-82889999 E-mail:
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Dayan Liu
- Department of Genesiology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Shaoyan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Shaojie Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Understanding the Immune System in Fetal Protection and Maternal Infections during Pregnancy. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7567708. [PMID: 35785037 PMCID: PMC9249541 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7567708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal-maternal immune system determines the fate of pregnancy. The trophoblast cells not only give an active response against external stimuli but are also involved in secreting most of the cytokines. These cells have an essential function in fetal acceptance or fetal rejection. Other immune cells also play a pivotal role in carrying out a successful pregnancy. The disruption in this mechanism may lead to harmful effects on pregnancy. The placenta serves as an immune barrier in fetus protection against invading pathogens. Once the infections prevail, they may localize in placental and fetal tissues, and the presence of inflammation due to cytokines may have detrimental effects on pregnancy. Moreover, some pathogens are responsible for congenital fetal anomalies and affect almost all organs of the developing fetus. This review article is designed to address the bacterial and viral infections that threaten pregnancy and their possible outcomes. Moreover, training of the fetal immune system against the exposure of infections and the role of CD49a + NK cells in embryonic development will also be highlighted.
Collapse
|
16
|
Artinger KB, Watanabe M. Introduction to "Stem Cells" special issue. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:921-925. [PMID: 35734941 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin B Artinger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu X, Shen HR, Zhang JR, Li XL. The role of insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding proteins in female reproductive pathophysiology. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:89. [PMID: 35706003 PMCID: PMC9199150 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA binding proteins (IMPs) family belongs to a highly conserved family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and is responsible for regulating RNA processing including localization, translation and stability. Mammalian IMPs (IMP1-3) take part in development, metabolism and tumorigenesis, where they are believed to play a major role in cell growth, metabolism, migration and invasion. IMPs have been identified that are expressed in ovary, placenta and embryo. The up-to-date evidence suggest that IMPs are involved in folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, embryogenesis, implantation, and placentation. The dysregulation of IMPs not only contributes to carcinogenesis but also disturbs the female reproduction, and may participate in the pathogenesis of reproductive diseases and obstetric syndromes, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pre-eclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gynecological tumors. In this review, we summarize the role of IMPs in female reproductive pathophysiology, and hope to provide new insights into the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ran Shen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Rong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue-Lian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
A microphysiological model of human trophoblast invasion during implantation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1252. [PMID: 35292627 PMCID: PMC8924260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful establishment of pregnancy requires adhesion of an embryo to the endometrium and subsequent invasion into the maternal tissue. Abnormalities in this critical process of implantation and placentation lead to many pregnancy complications. Here we present a microenigneered system to model a complex sequence of orchestrated multicellular events that plays an essential role in early pregnancy. Our implantation-on-a-chip is capable of reconstructing the three-dimensional structural organization of the maternal-fetal interface to model the invasion of specialized fetal extravillous trophoblasts into the maternal uterus. Using primary human cells isolated from clinical specimens, we demonstrate in vivo-like directional migration of extravillous trophoblasts towards a microengineered maternal vessel and their interactions with the endothelium necessary for vascular remodeling. Through parametric variation of the cellular microenvironment and proteomic analysis of microengineered tissues, we show the important role of decidualized stromal cells as a regulator of extravillous trophoblast migration. Furthermore, our study reveals previously unknown effects of pre-implantation maternal immune cells on extravillous trophoblast invasion. This work represents a significant advance in our ability to model early human pregnancy, and may enable the development of advanced in vitro platforms for basic and clinical research of human reproduction. Normal and abnormal pregnancy is challenging to study and involves complex interactions between maternal and fetal cells. Here the authors present an implantation-on-a-chip device capable of modeling trophoblast invasion, a process critical to the establishment of pregnancy.
Collapse
|
19
|
Role of Natural Killer Cells during Pregnancy and Related Complications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010068. [PMID: 35053216 PMCID: PMC8773865 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A high number of leucocytes reside in the human endometrium and are distributed differentially during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. During early pregnancy, decidual natural killer (dNK) cells are the most common type of natural killer (NK) cells in the uterus. The increase in the number of uterine NK (uNK) cells during the mid-secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, followed by further increase of dNK cells in early pregnancy, has heightened interest in their involvement during pregnancy. Extensive research has revealed various roles of dNK cells during pregnancy including the formation of new blood vessels, migration of trophoblasts, and immunological tolerance. The present review article is focused on the significance of NK cells during pregnancy and their role in pregnancy-related diseases. The article will provide an in-depth review of cellular and molecular interactions during pregnancy and related disorders, with NK cells playing a pivotal role. Moreover, this study will help researchers to understand the physiology of normal pregnancy and related complications with respect to NK cells, so that future research work can be designed to alleviate the complications.
Collapse
|
20
|
Marsh B, Zhou Y, Kapidzic M, Fisher S, Blelloch R. Regionally distinct trophoblast regulate barrier function and invasion in the human placenta. eLife 2022; 11:78829. [PMID: 35796428 PMCID: PMC9323019 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The human placenta contains two specialized regions: the villous chorion where gases and nutrients are exchanged between maternal and fetal blood, and the smooth chorion (SC) which surrounds more than 70% of the developing fetus but whose cellular composition and function is poorly understood. Here, we use single cell RNA-sequencing to compare the cell types and molecular programs between these two regions in the second trimester human placenta. Each region consists of progenitor cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) with similar gene expression programs. While CTBs in the villous chorion differentiate into syncytiotrophoblasts, they take an alternative trajectory in the SC producing a previously unknown CTB population which we term SC-specific CTBs (SC-CTBs). Marked by expression of region-specific cytokeratins, the SC-CTBs form a stratified epithelium above a basal layer of progenitor CTBs. They express epidermal and metabolic transcriptional programs consistent with a primary role in defense against physical stress and pathogens. Additionally, we show that SC-CTBs closely associate with EVTs and secrete factors that inhibit the migration of the EVTs. This restriction of EVT migration is in striking contrast to the villous region where EVTs migrate away from the chorion and invade deeply into the decidua. Together, these findings greatly expand our understanding of CTB differentiation in these distinct regions of the human placenta. This knowledge has broad implications for studies of the development, functions, and diseases of the human placenta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Marsh
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Department of Urology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Yan Zhou
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Mirhan Kapidzic
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Susan Fisher
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Robert Blelloch
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Department of Urology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Z, Liu X, Li F, Sun Y, Yu L, Zhang W, Zhu P, Ma D, Wang X, Lai S, Bao H. Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and excessive vascularization in the peri-implantation endometrium of infertile women with chronic endometritis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1001437. [PMID: 36531509 PMCID: PMC9751377 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1001437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic endometritis (CE) contributes to impaired endometrial receptivity and is closely associated with poor in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying CE are unclear. Here, we investigated the role of the hypoxic microenvironment and endometrial vascularization in the peri-implantation endometrium of infertile women with CE. METHODS This retrospective study involved 15 fertile women and 77 infertile patients diagnosed with CE based on CD138+ ≥1/10 high-power fields (HPFs). The CE patients were divided into Group 1 (CD138+ 1-4/10 HPFs, 53 cases) and Group 2 (CD138+ ≥5/10 HPFs, 24 cases). The expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in peri-implantation endometrium were assessed by qRT-PCR and western blot analyses. Spatial levels of HIF1α, VEGFA, and VEGFR2 in various endometrial compartments was determined using immunohistochemistry and H-score analysis. Microvascular density (MVD) was determined using CD34 staining and scored using Image J. Finally, we used qRT-PCR to assess changes in the expression of HIF1α, VEGFA, and VEGFR2 in CE patients after treatment with first-line antibiotics. RESULTS Relative to Group 1 and control group, during the implantation window, protein and mRNA levels of HIF1α, VEGFA, and VEGFR2 were markedly high in Group 2 (P<0.05). H-score analysis showed that HIF1α, VEGFA, and VEGFR2 in the luminal, glandular epithelium, and stromal compartments were markedly elevated in Group 2, comparing to control group and Group 1 (P<0.05). Moreover, markedly elevated MVD levels were observed in Group 2. Notably, the above indexes did not differ significantly in the control group versus Group 1. Treatment with antibiotics significantly suppressed the endometrial HIF1α and VEGFA levels in CE-cured patients. CONCLUSIONS Here, we for the first time report the upregulation of HIF1α, VEGFA, and VEGFR2, as well as excessive endometrial vascularization in the peri-implantation endometrium of CE patients. Our findings offer new insights into reduced endometrial receptivity in CE-associated infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shoucui Lai
- *Correspondence: Shoucui Lai, ; Hongchu Bao,
| | - Hongchu Bao
- *Correspondence: Shoucui Lai, ; Hongchu Bao,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang L, Li Y. MiR-29b-3p affects growth and biological functions of human extravillous trophoblast cells by regulating bradykinin B2 receptor. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:499-522. [PMID: 35316906 PMCID: PMC8924841 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.91512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated miR-29b-3p's effects and mechanisms in preeclampsia development. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we analysed the pathology and expression of miR-29b-3p and B2R mRNA from normal and preeclampsia placenta tissues using hematoxylin and eosin staining and RT-qPCR assay. For cell experiments, we used transwell assay CCK-8, flow cytometry and wound healing assay to determine the effects and correlation of miR-29b-3p and B2R in HTR-8/SVneo cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, cell invasion and migration in a preeclampsia cell model. Moreover, the mechanisms were determined using Western blot or immunofluorescence in different groups. RESULTS Clinical analysis revealed that miR-29b-3p gene expression dramatically increased with increasing degree of preeclampsia (p < 0.001 or p < 0.05, respectively). The HTR-8/SVneo cell biological activities of the model group were significantly depressed (p < 0.001). However, with miR-29b-3p inhibitor or B2R transfection, the HTR-8/SVneo cell biological activities significantly recovered (p < 0.001). Western blot assay showed that B2R, VEGF-A, CCND-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were suppressed in the model group, compared with those in the NC groups (p < 0.001, respectively). With miR-29b-3p inhibitor or B2R transfection, the protein expression levels of B2R, VEGF-A, CCND-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 dramatically increased (p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The down-regulation of miR-29b-3p could improve HTR-8/SVneo cell biological activities in a preeclampsia cell model by targeting B2R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Likui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road, Ji'nan City, Shandong, China
| | - Yunguang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road, Ji'nan City, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wilkinson AL, Menelaou K, Rakoczy J, Tan XS, Watson ED. Disruption of Folate Metabolism Causes Poor Alignment and Spacing of Mouse Conceptuses for Multiple Generations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:723978. [PMID: 34957089 PMCID: PMC8703036 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.723978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal uptake or metabolism of folate increases risk of human pregnancy complications, though the mechanism is unclear. Here, we explore how defective folate metabolism influences early development by analysing mice with the hypomorphic Mtrrgt mutation. MTRR is necessary for methyl group utilisation from folate metabolism, and the Mtrrgt allele disrupts this process. We show that the spectrum of phenotypes previously observed in Mtrrgt/gt conceptuses at embryonic day (E) 10.5 is apparent from E8.5 including developmental delay, congenital malformations, and placental phenotypes. Notably, we report misalignment of some Mtrrgt conceptuses within their implantation sites from E6.5. The degree of misorientation occurs across a continuum, with the most severe form visible upon gross dissection. Additionally, some Mtrrgt/gt conceptuses display twinning. Therefore, we implicate folate metabolism in blastocyst orientation and spacing at implantation. Skewed growth likely influences embryo development since developmental delay and heart malformations (but not defects in neural tube closure or trophoblast differentiation) associate with severe misalignment of Mtrrgt/gt conceptuses. Typically, the uterus is thought to guide conceptus orientation. To investigate a uterine effect of the Mtrrgt allele, we manipulate the maternal Mtrr genotype. Misaligned conceptuses were observed in litters of Mtrr+/+, Mtrr+/gt, and Mtrrgt/gt mothers. While progesterone and/or BMP2 signalling might be disrupted, normal decidual morphology, patterning, and blood perfusion are evident at E6.5 regardless of conceptus orientation. These observations argue against a post-implantation uterine defect as a cause of conceptus misalignment. Since litters of Mtrr+/+ mothers display conceptus misalignment, a grandparental effect is explored. Multigenerational phenotype inheritance is characteristic of the Mtrrgt model, though the mechanism remains unclear. Genetic pedigree analysis reveals that severe conceptus skewing associates with the Mtrr genotype of either maternal grandparent. Moreover, the presence of conceptus skewing after embryo transfer into a control uterus indicates that misalignment is independent of the peri- and/or post-implantation uterus and instead is likely attributed to an embryonic mechanism that is epigenetically inherited. Overall, our data indicates that abnormal folate metabolism influences conceptus orientation over multiple generations with implications for subsequent development. This study casts light on the complex role of folate metabolism during development beyond a direct maternal effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Wilkinson
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katerina Menelaou
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Rakoczy
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xiu S Tan
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Erica D Watson
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jovanović Krivokuća M, Vilotić A, Nacka-Aleksić M, Pirković A, Ćujić D, Legner J, Dekanski D, Bojić-Trbojević Ž. Galectins in Early Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Associated Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:69. [PMID: 35008499 PMCID: PMC8744741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of conserved soluble proteins defined by an affinity for β-galactoside structures present on various glycoconjugates. Over the past few decades, galectins have been recognized as important factors for successful implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated their involvement in trophoblast cell function and placental development. In addition, several lines of evidence suggest their important roles in feto-maternal immune tolerance regulation and angiogenesis. Changed or dysregulated galectin expression is also described in pregnancy-related disorders. Although the data regarding galectins' clinical relevance are still at an early stage, evidence suggests that some galectin family members are promising candidates for better understanding pregnancy-related pathologies, as well as predicting biomarkers. In this review, we aim to summarize current knowledge of galectins in early pregnancy as well as in pregnancy-related pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Žanka Bojić-Trbojević
- Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy Department for Biology of Reproduction, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.J.K.); (A.V.); (M.N.-A.); (A.P.); (D.Ć.); (J.L.); (D.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Miko E, Barakonyi A, Meggyes M, Szereday L. The Role of Type I and Type II NKT Cells in Materno-Fetal Immunity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1901. [PMID: 34944717 PMCID: PMC8698984 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NKT cells represent a small but significant immune cell population as being a part of and bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Their ability to exert strong immune responses via cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion makes them significant immune effectors. Since pregnancy requires unconventional maternal immunity with a tolerogenic phenotype, investigation of the possible role of NKT cells in materno-fetal immune tolerance mechanisms is of particular importance. This review aims to summarize and organize the findings of previous studies in this field. Data and information about NKT cells from mice and humans will be presented, focusing on NKT cells characteristics during normal pregnancy in the periphery and at the materno-fetal interface and their possible involvement in female reproductive failure and pregnancy complications with an immunological background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Miko
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.B.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, 20 Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Aliz Barakonyi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.B.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, 20 Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Matyas Meggyes
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.B.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, 20 Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Szereday
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.B.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, 20 Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shi S, Tan Q, Liang J, Cao D, Wang S, Liang J, Chen K, Wang Z. Placental trophoblast cell-derived exosomal microRNA-1290 promotes the interaction between endometrium and embryo by targeting LHX6. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:760-772. [PMID: 34729246 PMCID: PMC8526418 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Communication between the maternal uterus and the embryo is vital for a successful pregnancy. Exosomes, subtypes of extracellular vesicles comprising many bioactive factors, regulate the early stages of pregnancy, specifically during embryo implantation. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from placental trophoblasts regulate embryo implantation remains elusive. We isolated and identified exosomes derived from placental trophoblast cells (HTR8/SVneo). Subsequently, we evaluated the loading miRNA in exosomes by small RNA sequencing. Consequently, we showed that trophoblast cell-derived exosomes could transfer to endometrial epithelial cells. Besides, these exosomes promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as migration of endometrial cells and were implicated in the regulation of inflammation. Further, the specific miRNAs were screened in exosomes, and as a result, miRNA (miR)-1290 was enriched specifically in exosomes. miR-1290 promoted the expression of inflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-8) and migration of endometrial epithelial cells. In addition, exosomal miR-1290 promoted angiogenesis in vitro. More importantly, by targeting LHX6, trophoblast HTR8/SVneo cell-derived exosomal miR-1290 promoted the EMT process of endometrial epithelial cell HEC-1-A. Altogether, our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of trophoblast cell-derived exosomes during embryo implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shi
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qiang Tan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jingjie Liang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Dingren Cao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shaoyu Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Junyong Liang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kaiyu Chen
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.,Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Torregrosa-Carrión R, Piñeiro-Sabarís R, Siguero-Álvarez M, Grego-Bessa J, Luna-Zurita L, Fernandes VS, MacGrogan D, Stainier DYR, de la Pompa JL. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor Gpr126/Adgrg6 is essential for placental development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj5445. [PMID: 34767447 PMCID: PMC8589310 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the G protein–coupled receptor GPR126/ADGRG6 cause human diseases, including defective peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelination. To study GPR126 function, we generated new genetic mice and zebrafish models. Murine Gpr126 is expressed in developing heart endocardium, and global Gpr126 inactivation is embryonically lethal, with mutants having thin-walled ventricles but unaffected heart patterning or maturation. Endocardial-specific Gpr126 deletion does not affect heart development or function, and transgenic endocardial GPR126 expression fails to rescue lethality in Gpr126-null mice. Zebrafish gpr126 mutants display unaffected heart development. Gpr126 is also expressed in placental trophoblast giant cells. Gpr126-null mice with a heterozygous placenta survive but exhibit GPR126-defective PNS phenotype. In contrast, Gpr126-null embryos with homozygous mutant placenta die but are rescued by placental GPR126 expression. Gpr126-deficient placentas display down-regulation of preeclampsia markers Mmp9, Cts7, and Cts8. We propose that the placenta-heart axis accounts for heart abnormalities secondary to placental defects in Gpr126 mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Torregrosa-Carrión
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Piñeiro-Sabarís
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Siguero-Álvarez
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquím Grego-Bessa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Luna-Zurita
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vitor Samuel Fernandes
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Donal MacGrogan
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li A, Li S, Zhang C, Fang Z, Sun Y, Peng Y, Wang X, Zhang M. FPR2 serves a role in recurrent spontaneous abortion by regulating trophoblast function via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:838. [PMID: 34608500 PMCID: PMC8503740 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) effects both the physical and mental health of women of reproductive age. Trophoblast dysfunction may result in RSA due to shallow placental implantation. The mechanisms underlying formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) on the biological functions of trophoblasts remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the potential functions of FPR2, a G protein‑coupled receptor, in placental trophoblasts. The location and expression levels of FPR2 in the villi tissue of patients with RSA were detected using immunohistochemical staining, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. Following the transfection of small interfering RNA targeting FPR2 in HTR‑8/SVneo cells, a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay was used to determine the levels of cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to examine the levels of cell apoptosis and gap closure and Transwell assays were carried out to evaluate the levels of cell migration and invasion. A tube formation assay was performed to detect the levels of capillary‑like structure formation. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of proteins in the associated signaling pathways. The expression of FPR2 was present in villi trophoblasts and was markedly increased in patients with RSA. The levels of trophoblast invasion, migration and tube formation were markedly increased following FPR2 knockdown, whereas the levels of apoptosis were markedly decreased. In addition, FPR2 knockdown caused an increase in the phosphorylation levels of AKT and PI3K. Thus, FPR2 may be involved in the regulation of trophoblast function via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The results of the present study provided a theoretical basis for the use of FPR2 as a target for the treatment of trophoblast‑associated diseases, such as RSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Shuxian Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Chongyu Zhang
- Department of Chronic Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Wulian, Rizhao, Shandong 262300, P.R. China
| | - Zhenya Fang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yaqiong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yanjie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xietong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kanter JR, Mani S, Gordon SM, Mainigi M. Uterine natural killer cell biology and role in early pregnancy establishment and outcomes. F&S REVIEWS 2021; 2:265-286. [PMID: 35756138 PMCID: PMC9232176 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective While immune cells were originally thought to only play a role in maternal tolerance of the semiallogenic fetus, an active role in pregnancy establishment is becoming increasingly apparent. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells are of specific interest because of their cyclic increase in number during the window of implantation. As a distinct entity from their peripheral blood counterparts, understanding the biology and function of uNK cells will provide the framework for understanding their role in early pregnancy establishment and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Evidence Review This review discusses unique uNK cell characteristics and presents clinical implications resulting from their dysfunction. We also systematically present existing knowledge about uNK cell function in three processes critical for successful human embryo implantation and placentation: stromal cell decidualization, spiral artery remodeling, and extravillous trophoblast invasion. Finally, we review the features of uNK cells that could help guide future investigations. Results It is clear the uNK cells are intimately involved in multiple facets of early pregnancy. This is accomplished directly, through the secretion of factors that regulate stromal cells and trophoblast function; and indirectly, via interaction with other maternal cell types present at the maternal-fetal interface. Current work also suggests that uNK cells are a heterogenous population, with subsets that potentially accomplish different functions. Conclusion Establishment of pregnancy through successful embryo implantation and placentation requires crosstalk between multiple maternal cell types and invading fetal trophoblast cells. Defects in this process have been associated with multiple adverse perinatal outcomes including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, placenta accreta, and recurrent miscarriage though the mechanism underlying development of these defects remain unclear. Abnormalities in NK cell number and function which would disrupt physiological maternal-fetal crosstalk, could play a critical role in abnormal implantation and placentation. It is therefore imperative to dissect the unique physiological role of uNK cells in pregnancy and use this knowledge to inform clinical practice by determining how uNK cell dysfunction could lead to reproductive failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Kanter
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sneha Mani
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott M. Gordon
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica Mainigi
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The Impact of Hypoxia in Early Pregnancy on Placental Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189675. [PMID: 34575844 PMCID: PMC8466283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen levels in the placental microenvironment throughout gestation are not constant, with severe hypoxic conditions present during the first trimester. This hypoxic phase overlaps with the most critical stages of placental development, i.e., blastocyst implantation, cytotrophoblast invasion, and spiral artery remodeling initiation. Dysregulation of any of these steps in early gestation can result in pregnancy loss and/or adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hypoxia has been shown to regulate not only the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of trophoblast stem cells and progenitor cells, but also the recruitment, phenotype, and function of maternal immune cells. In this review, we will summarize how oxygen levels in early placental development determine the survival, fate, and function of several important cell types, e.g., trophoblast stem cells, extravillous trophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, uterine natural killer cells, Hofbauer cells, and decidual macrophages. We will also discuss the cellular mechanisms used to cope with low oxygen tensions, such as the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signals, regulation of the metabolic pathway, and adaptation to autophagy. Understanding the beneficial roles of hypoxia in early placental development will provide insights into the root cause(s) of some pregnancy disorders, such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction.
Collapse
|
31
|
Peng L, Chelariu-Raicu A, Ye Y, Ma Z, Yang H, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Rahmeh M, Mahner S, Jeschke U, von Schönfeldt V. Prostaglandin E2 Receptor 4 (EP4) Affects Trophoblast Functions via Activating the cAMP-PKA-pCREB Signaling Pathway at the Maternal-Fetal Interface in Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179134. [PMID: 34502044 PMCID: PMC8430623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation consists of a complex process based on coordinated crosstalk between the endometrium and trophoblast. Furthermore, it is known that the microenvironment of this fetal–maternal interface plays an important role in the development of extravillous trophoblast cells. This is mainly due to the fact that tissues mediate embryonic signaling biologicals, among other molecules, prostaglandins. Prostaglandins influence tissue through several cell processes including differentiation, proliferation, and promotion of maternal immune tolerance. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential pathological mechanism of the prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) in modulating extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) in unexplained recurrent marriage (uRM). Our results indicated that the expression of EP4 in EVTs was decreased in women experiencing uRM. Furthermore, silencing of EP4 showed an inhibition of the proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro. In addition, our results demonstrated reductions in β- human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and interleukin (IL)-6, which is likely a result from the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)- cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-phosphorylating CREB (pCREB) pathway. Our data might provide insight into the mechanisms of EP4 linked to trophoblast function. These findings help build a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of EP4 on the trophoblast at the fetal–maternal interface in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.P.); (A.C.-R.); (Z.M.); (H.Y.); (M.R.); (S.M.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, No. 64 Jin Tang Street, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Anca Chelariu-Raicu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.P.); (A.C.-R.); (Z.M.); (H.Y.); (M.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Yao Ye
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Kongjiang Rd. 1665, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Zhi Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.P.); (A.C.-R.); (Z.M.); (H.Y.); (M.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.P.); (A.C.-R.); (Z.M.); (H.Y.); (M.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Martina Rahmeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.P.); (A.C.-R.); (Z.M.); (H.Y.); (M.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.P.); (A.C.-R.); (Z.M.); (H.Y.); (M.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.P.); (A.C.-R.); (Z.M.); (H.Y.); (M.R.); (S.M.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Viktoria von Schönfeldt
- Center of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Proteome profiling of human placenta reveals developmental stage-dependent alterations in protein signature. Clin Proteomics 2021; 18:18. [PMID: 34372761 PMCID: PMC8351416 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-021-09324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Placenta is a complex organ that plays a significant role in the maintenance of pregnancy health. It is a dynamic organ that undergoes dramatic changes in growth and development at different stages of gestation. In the first-trimester, the conceptus develops in a low oxygen environment that favors organogenesis in the embryo and cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the placenta; later in pregnancy, higher oxygen concentration is required to support the rapid growth of the fetus. This oxygen transition, which appears unique to the human placenta, must be finely tuned through successive rounds of protein signature alterations. This study compares placental proteome in normal first-trimester (FT) and term human placentas (TP). Methods Normal human first-trimester and term placental samples were collected and differentially expressed proteins were identified using two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results Despite the overall similarities, 120 proteins were differently expressed in first and term placentas. Out of these, 72 were up-regulated and 48 were down-regulated in the first when compared with the full term placentas. Twenty out of 120 differently expressed proteins were sequenced, among them seven showed increased (GRP78, PDIA3, ENOA, ECH1, PRDX4, ERP29, ECHM), eleven decreased (TRFE, ALBU, K2C1, ACTG, CSH2, PRDX2, FABP5, HBG1, FABP4, K2C8, K1C9) expression in first-trimester compared to the full-term placentas and two proteins exclusively expressed in first-trimester placentas (MESD, MYDGF). Conclusion According to Reactome and PANTHER softwares, these proteins were mostly involved in response to chemical stimulus and stress, regulation of biological quality, programmed cell death, hemostatic and catabolic processes, protein folding, cellular oxidant detoxification, coagulation and retina homeostasis. Elucidation of alteration in protein signature during placental development would provide researchers with a better understanding of the critical biological processes of placentogenesis and delineate proteins involved in regulation of placental function during development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12014-021-09324-y.
Collapse
|
33
|
HtrA4 is up-regulated during trophoblast syncytialization and BeWo cells fail to syncytialize without HtrA4. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14363. [PMID: 34257367 PMCID: PMC8277827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The outer layer of the human placenta comprises syncytiotrophoblast, which forms through fusion of cytotrophoblasts (syncytialization), and plays a critical role in maternal-fetal communication including nutrient/oxygen transportation and hormone secretion. Impairment in syncytialization inevitably affects pregnancy outcomes. High temperature requirement factor A 4 (HtrA4) is a placental-specific protease, expressed by various trophoblasts including syncytiotrophoblast, and significantly elevated in preeclampsia at disease presentation. However, it is unknown whether HtrA4 is important for syncytialization. Here we first examined HtrA4 expression in primary human cytotrophoblasts during syncytialization which occurs spontaneously in culture, and in BeWo cells which syncytialize upon forskolin stimulation. The success of syncytialization in each model was confirmed by significant up-regulation/secretion of β-hCG, and the concurrent down-regulation of E-cadherin. In both models, HtrA4 mRNA and protein increased concomitantly with syncytialization. Furthermore, the secreted levels of β-hCG and HtrA4 correlated significantly and positively in both models. We next knocked out HtrA4 in BeWo by CRISPR/Cas9. Upon forskolin treatment, control BeWo profoundly up-regulated β-hCG and syncytin-1, down-regulated E-cadherin, and at the same time increased the formation of multinucleated cells, whereas BeWo cells without HtrA4 did not alter any of these parameters. Our data thus suggest that HtrA4 plays an essential role in syncytialization.
Collapse
|
34
|
Sun X, Tong X, Hao Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Dai Y, Liu L, Zhang T, Zhang S. Abnormal Cullin1 neddylation-mediated p21 accumulation participates in the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion by regulating trophoblast cell proliferation and differentiation. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:327-339. [PMID: 32186736 PMCID: PMC7227182 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study explores the role of neddylation in early trophoblast development and its alteration during the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Immunofluorescence and western blot were conducted to evaluate the expression pattern of NEDD8 protein in the first-trimester placentas of healthy control and RSA patients. Neddylated-cullins, especially neddylated-cullin1, were downregulated and their substrate, p21, was accumulated in RSA samples. NEDD8 cytoplasmic recruitment was observed in extravillous trophoblast (EVT) progenitors of RSA placentas. Consistent with the results of clinical samples, neddylation inhibition using MLN4924 in trophoblast cell lines caused obvious p21 accumulation and free NEDD8 cytoplasmic recruitment. Further in vitro study demonstrated neddylation inhibition attenuated proliferation of Jeg-3 cells via p21 accumulation. Moreover, when trophoblast stem (TS) cells derived from first-trimester placentas were cultured for differentiation analyses. MLN4924 impaired the differentiation of TS cells towards EVTs by downregulating HLA-G and GATA3. p21 knockdown could partly rescue MLN4924-suppressed HLA-G and GATA3 expression. In conclusion, cullin1 neddylation-mediated p21 degradation is required for trophoblast proliferation and can affect trophoblast plasticity by affecting HLA-G and GATA3 expression. The results provide insights into the pathological mechanism of RSA and the biological regulation of trophoblast development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Sun
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Hao
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Li
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinli Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Pan
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongdong Dai
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tai Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songying Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen H, Williams KE, Kwan EY, Kapidzic M, Puckett KA, Aburajab RK, Robinson JF, Fisher SJ. Global proteomic analyses of human cytotrophoblast differentiation/invasion. Development 2021; 148:dev199561. [PMID: 34121116 PMCID: PMC8276980 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During human pregnancy, cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) from the placenta differentiate into specialized subpopulations that play crucial roles in proper fetal growth and development. A subset of these CTBs differentiate along an invasive pathway, penetrating the decidua and anchoring the placenta to the uterus. A crucial hurdle in pregnancy is the ability of these cells to migrate, invade and remodel spiral arteries, ensuring adequate blood flow to nourish the developing fetus. Although advances continue in describing the molecular features regulating the differentiation of these cells, assessment of their global proteomic changes at mid-gestation remain undefined. Here, using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment-ion spectra (SWATH), which is a data-independent acquisition strategy, we characterized the protein repertoire of second trimester human CTBs during their differentiation towards an invasive phenotype. This mass spectrometry-based approach allowed identification of 3026 proteins across four culture time points corresponding to sequential stages of differentiation, confirming the expression dynamics of established molecules and offering new information into other pathways involved. The availability of a SWATH CTB global spectral library serves as a beneficial resource for hypothesis generation and as a foundation for further understanding CTB differentiation dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Sandler-Moore Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Katherine E. Williams
- Sandler-Moore Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elaine Y. Kwan
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mirhan Kapidzic
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kenisha A. Puckett
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rayyan K. Aburajab
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joshua F. Robinson
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Susan J. Fisher
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Sandler-Moore Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Human Embryonic Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
miR-373-3p Regulates Invasion and Migration Abilities of Trophoblast Cells via Targeted CD44 and Radixin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126260. [PMID: 34200891 PMCID: PMC8230484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm labor (PTL) is one of the obstetric complications, and is known to be associated with abnormal maternal inflammatory response and intrauterine inflammation and/or infection. However, the expression of specific miRNAs associated with PTL is not clear. In this study, we performed combination analysis of miRNA array and gene array, and then selected one miRNA (miR-373-3p) and its putative target genes (CD44 and RDX) that exhibited large expression differences in term and PTL placentas with or without inflammation. Using qRT-PCR and luciferase assays, we confirmed that miR-373-3p directly targeted CD44 and RDX. Overexpression of miR-373-3p reduced the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells, while inhibition of miR-373-3p restored the migration and invasion abilities of trophoblast cells. Finally, we validated the expression of miR-373-3p and its target genes in clinical patients’ blood. miR-373-3p was increased in PTL patients’ blood, and was the most expressed in PTL patients’ blood with inflammation. In addition, by targeting the miR-373-3p, CD44 and RDX was decreased in PTL patients’ blood, and their expression were the lowest in PTL patients’ blood with inflammation. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-373-3p and its target genes can be potential biomarkers for diagnosis of PTL.
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang XH, Xu S, Zhou XY, Zhao R, Lin Y, Cao J, Zang WD, Tao H, Xu W, Li MQ, Zhao SM, Jin LP, Zhao JY. Low chorionic villous succinate accumulation associates with recurrent spontaneous abortion risk. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3428. [PMID: 34103526 PMCID: PMC8187647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated extravillous trophoblast invasion and proliferation are known to increase the risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, in our retrospective observational case-control study we show that villous samples from RSA patients, compared to healthy controls, display reduced succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit (SDHB) DNA methylation, elevated SDHB expression, and reduced succinate levels, indicating that low succinate levels correlate with RSA. Moreover, we find high succinate levels in early pregnant women are correlated with successful embryo implantation. SDHB promoter methylation recruited MBD1 and excluded c-Fos, inactivating SDHB expression and causing intracellular succinate accumulation which mimicked hypoxia in extravillous trophoblasts cell lines JEG3 and HTR8 via the PHD2-VHL-HIF-1α pathway; however, low succinate levels reversed this effect and increased the risk of abortion in mouse model. This study reveals that abnormal metabolite levels inhibit extravillous trophoblast function and highlights an approach for RSA intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Xu
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhou
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zang
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Jin
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The role of leukemia inhibitory factor in pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia: molecular and cell signaling approach. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:635-642. [PMID: 34076833 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is considered as the main hallmark of Preeclampsia (PE). Despite the unknown pathogenesis of PE, different possible causes have been suggested in various studies. In this review, we first studied the Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) role in the related pathways to the PE pathogenesis, such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. LIF can increase the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 via the JAK/STAT3 pathway, thereby inducing inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction. It can also be involved in the vascular vasoconstriction and hypertension by reducing the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Identifying the link between LIF and pathways associated with PE pathogenesis could be effective to achieve an effective PE treatment in the future.
Collapse
|
39
|
Environmental Pollutant Benzo[a]pyrene Upregulated Long Non-coding RNA HZ07 Inhibits Trophoblast Cell Migration by Inactivating PI3K/AKT/MMP2 Signaling Pathway in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:3085-3093. [PMID: 34050522 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a ubiquitous environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical that is known to have toxic effects on reproduction. However, the underlying mechanisms describing how BaP and its metabolite benzo[a]pyrene-7, 8-diol-9, 10-epoxide (BPDE) induce recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) are still largely unclear. In this study, we identified a novel long non-coding RNA (lnc-HZ07, NCBI MT936329) that was upregulated in trophoblast cells after exposure to BPDE, and lnc-HZ07 expression was significantly higher in RPL villous tissues than that in control villous tissues. Knockdown of lnc-HZ07 promoted trophoblast cell migration, whereas overexpression of lnc-HZ07 inhibited trophoblast cell migration. Further study showed that lnc-HZ07 inhibited trophoblast migration by downregulating matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression via dephosphorylation of AKT. These results demonstrated a novel regulatory pathway in which BaP downregulated AKT phosphorylation and inhibited MMP2 expression by upregulating lnc-HZ07, suggesting that lnc-HZ07 could be considered as a potential pathological marker of BaP-induced RPL and therapeutic target for this disease.
Collapse
|
40
|
Xu L, Idrees M, Joo MD, Sidrat T, Wei Y, Song SH, Lee KL, Kong IK. Constitutive Expression of TERT Enhances β-Klotho Expression and Improves Age-Related Deterioration in Early Bovine Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105327. [PMID: 34070219 PMCID: PMC8158768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated decline in oocyte quality is one of the dominant factors of low fertility. Aging alters several key processes, such as telomere lengthening, cell senescence, and cellular longevity of granulosa cells surrounding oocyte. To investigate the age-dependent molecular changes, we examined the expression, localization, and correlation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and β-Klotho (KLB) in bovine granulosa cells, oocytes, and early embryos during the aging process. Herein, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) obtained from aged cows (>120 months) via ovum pick-up (OPU) showed reduced expression of β-Klotho and its co-receptor fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). TERT plasmid injection into pronuclear zygotes not only markedly enhanced day-8 blastocysts’ development competence (39.1 ± 0.8%) compared to the control (31.1 ± 0.5%) and D-galactose (17.9 ± 1.0%) treatment groups but also enhanced KLB and FGFR1 expression. In addition, plasmid-injected zygotes displayed a considerable enhancement in blastocyst quality and implantation potential. Cycloastragenol (CAG), an extract of saponins, stimulates telomerase enzymes and enhances KLB expression and alleviates age-related deterioration in cultured primary bovine granulosa cells. In conclusion, telomerase activation or constitutive expression will increase KLB expression and activate the FGFR1/β-Klotho pathway in bovine granulosa cells and early embryos, inhibiting age-related malfunctioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianguang Xu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Tabinda Sidrat
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yiran Wei
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Seok-Hwan Song
- The Kingkong Co., Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (K.-L.L.)
| | - Kyeong-Lim Lee
- The Kingkong Co., Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (K.-L.L.)
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea
- The Kingkong Co., Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (K.-L.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1942
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Perlman BE, Merriam AA, Lemenze A, Zhao Q, Begum S, Nair M, Wu T, Wapner RJ, Kitajewski JK, Shawber CJ, Douglas NC. Implications for preeclampsia: hypoxia-induced Notch promotes trophoblast migration. Reproduction 2021; 161:681-696. [PMID: 33784241 PMCID: PMC8403268 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the first trimester of human pregnancy, low oxygen tension or hypoxia is essential for proper placentation and placenta function. Low oxygen levels and activation of signaling pathways have been implicated as critical mediators in the promotion of trophoblast differentiation, migration, and invasion with inappropriate changes in oxygen tension and aberrant Notch signaling both individually reported as causative to abnormal placentation. Despite crosstalk between hypoxia and Notch signaling in multiple cell types, the relationship between hypoxia and Notch in first trimester trophoblast function is not understood. To determine how a low oxygen environment impacts Notch signaling and cellular motility, we utilized the human first trimester trophoblast cell line, HTR-8/SVneo. Gene set enrichment and ontology analyses identified pathways involved in angiogenesis, Notch and cellular migration as upregulated in HTR-8/SVneo cells exposed to hypoxic conditions. DAPT, a γ-secretase inhibitor that inhibits Notch activation, was used to interrogate the crosstalk between Notch and hypoxia pathways in HTR-8/SVneo cells. We found that hypoxia requires Notch activation to mediate HTR-8/SVneo cell migration, but not invasion. To determine if our in vitro findings were associated with preeclampsia, we analyzed the second trimester chorionic villous sampling (CVS) samples and third trimester placentas. We found a significant decrease in expression of migration and invasion genes in CVS from preeclamptic pregnancies and significantly lower levels of JAG1 in placentas from pregnancies with early-onset preeclampsia with severe features. Our data support a role for Notch in mediating hypoxia-induced trophoblast migration, which may contribute to preeclampsia development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry E Perlman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Audrey A. Merriam
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexander Lemenze
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Qingshi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Salma Begum
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mohan Nair
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tracy Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ronald J. Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan K. Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carrie J. Shawber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nataki C. Douglas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ejaz S, Ali A, Azim K, Mahmood A, Khan AI, Almazyad TA, Bilal B. Association between preeclampsia and prostasin polymorphism in Pakistani females. Saudi Med J 2021; 41:1234-1240. [PMID: 33130844 PMCID: PMC7804221 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2020.11.25497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the relationship between a prostasin gene variations and the development of preeclampsia in a Pakistani female population. Methods: This was a case-control study carried out at University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan between May 2018 and 2019. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at rs12597511 locus was examined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses in 76 preeclamptic and 74 normotensive expecting mothers. Results: We observed significantly increased risk of preeclampsia associated with the CC genotype of rs12597511 polymorphism as compared to TT (p<0.001, OR=8.08, 95% CI:1.28-31.19) and TT/TC (p<0.001, OR=14.66 and 95% CI: 3.31-65.07) genotypes carriers. Calculation of the allelic distribution revealed a higher frequency of the T allele (82%) among controls; however, the C allele was more prevalent in the preeclamptic group (36%) significantly. Conclusion: The significantly higher C allele frequency in the prostasin gene at the rs12597511 locus in the preeclamptic group indicates that the distribution of the C allele of the prostasin gene is a potential risk factor contributing to the development of preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Ejaz
- Department of Physiology, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abel T, Moodley J, Naicker T. The Involvement of MicroRNAs in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Comorbid with HIV-Associated Preeclampsia. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:20. [PMID: 33847825 PMCID: PMC8042355 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review investigated the potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the synergy of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, preeclampsia (PE), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Maternal health is a great concern when treating pregnant women fighting this triad of diseases, which is highly prevalent in South Africa. MicroRNAs are involved in fine-tuning of physiological processes. Disruptions to the balance of this minute protein can lead to various physiological changes that are sometimes pathological. Recent Findings MicroRNAs have recently been implicated in PE and have been linked to the anti-angiogenic imbalance evident in PE. Recent in silico studies have identified potential host miRNAs with anti-viral properties against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies have demonstrated dysregulated expression of several miRNAs in HIV-1 infection along with the ability of HIV-1 to downregulate anti-viral host microRNAs. Summary This review has highlighted the significant gap in literature on the potential of miRNAs in women with HIV-associated PE in synergy with the novel SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, this review has provided evidence of the critical role that the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of miRNA plays in viral infections and PE, thereby providing a foundation for further research investigating the potential of therapeutic miRNA development with fewer side-effects for pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tashlen Abel
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institution, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women's Health and HIV Research Group, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institution, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhou F, Sun Y, Chi Z, Gao Q, Wang H. Long noncoding RNA SNHG12 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cells by regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell cycle. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520922339. [PMID: 32529873 PMCID: PMC7294383 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520922339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The deficient placental blood perfusion caused by the attenuated infiltration of trophoblast cells is a key factor in the occurrence of preeclampsia (PE). Furthermore, the long noncoding (lnc)RNA SNHG12 (small nucleolar RNA host gene 12) can promote the proliferation and metastasis of multiple tumor cells. However, whether lncRNA SNHG12 affects proliferation and metastasis of trophoblast cells is unclear. Methods We examined the level of lncRNA SNHG12 in plasma and placenta of patients with PE and constructed trophoblast cells with overexpressed or knocked down SNHG12. CCK-8, wound healing, and Transwell assays were used to detect alterations in proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cells. Western blotting was used to detect proteins related to the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell cycle assays clarified cell cycle distribution. Results LncRNA SNHG12 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cells. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, β-catenin, and vimentin were positively correlated with SNHG12, and expression of E-cadherin was negatively correlated with SNHG12. SNHG12 also promoted the transition of trophoblast cells from G0/G1 to S phase. Conclusion Overall, lncRNA SNHG12 promoted the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells by inducing the progression of EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenmei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanlan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenjing Chi
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Peng W, Liu Y, Qi H, Li Q. Alpha-actinin-4 is essential for maintaining normal trophoblast proliferation and differentiation during early pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:48. [PMID: 33757527 PMCID: PMC7986381 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper differentiation of trophoblasts in the human placenta is essential for a successful pregnancy, whereas abnormal regulation of this process may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially preeclampsia (PE). However, the underlying mechanism of trophoblast differentiation remains unclear. Previous studies have reported the involvement of alpha-actinin-4 (ACTN4) in the actin cytoskeleton dynamics and motility. Hence, we hypothesized that ACTN4 may act as an important regulator in the normal proliferation and differentiation of trophoblasts during early pregnancy. METHOD To test this hypothesis, we collected villous tissues from women undergoing a legal pregnancy termination during 6-10 weeks of gestation and explanted them for cell culture and siRNA transfection. We also obtained placental tissues from PE patients and healthy pregnant women and isolated the primary cytotrophoblast (CTB) cells. The expression of ACTN4 in the CTBs of placental villi and during the differentiation of CTBs into STBs was detected by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and EdU proliferation assays. Besides, villous explant, Matrigel invasion, transwell migration assay, and Wound-healing assay were performed to identify the possible role of ACTN4 in the outgrowth of explants and the invasion, migration, and proliferation of cell column trophoblasts (CCTs). Western blot analysis was carried out to compare the protein expression level of AKT, Snail activities, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the villi or HTR8/SVneo cells with ACTN4 knockdown. RESULTS ACTN4 was highly expressed in CTB cells and interstitial extravillous trophoblast (iEVT) cells but not found in the syncytiotrophoblast (STB) cells in the first trimester villi. Downregulation of ACTN4 led to reduced trophoblast proliferation and explant outgrowth ex vivo, as well as iEVT invasion and migration in vitro due to disrupt of actin filaments organization. Such ACTN4 inhibition also decreased AKT and Snail activities and further impeded the EMT process. In addition, ACTN4 expression was found to be downregulated in the iEVTs from preeclamptic placentas. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ACTN4 may act as an important regulator of trophoblast proliferation and differentiation during early pregnancy, and dysregulation of this protein may contribute to preeclampsia pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingshu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Modeling preeclampsia using human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5877. [PMID: 33723311 PMCID: PMC7961010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder, affecting up to 10% of pregnancies worldwide. The primary etiology is considered to be abnormal development and function of placental cells called trophoblasts. We previously developed a two-step protocol for differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells, first into cytotrophoblast (CTB) progenitor-like cells, and then into both syncytiotrophoblast (STB)- and extravillous trophoblast (EVT)-like cells, and showed that it can model both normal and abnormal trophoblast differentiation. We have now applied this protocol to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived from placentas of pregnancies with or without PE. While there were no differences in CTB induction or EVT formation, PE-iPSC-derived trophoblast showed a defect in syncytialization, as well as a blunted response to hypoxia. RNAseq analysis showed defects in STB formation and response to hypoxia; however, DNA methylation changes were minimal, corresponding only to changes in response to hypoxia. Overall, PE-iPSC recapitulated multiple defects associated with placental dysfunction, including a lack of response to decreased oxygen tension. This emphasizes the importance of the maternal microenvironment in normal placentation, and highlights potential pathways that can be targeted for diagnosis or therapy, while absence of marked DNA methylation changes suggests that other regulatory mechanisms mediate these alterations.
Collapse
|
47
|
Sidrat T, Rehman ZU, Joo MD, Lee KL, Kong IK. Wnt/β-catenin Pathway-Mediated PPARδ Expression during Embryonic Development Differentiation and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041854. [PMID: 33673357 PMCID: PMC7918746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in early embryonic development. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a major regulator of cell proliferation and keeps embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the pluripotent state. Dysregulation of Wnt signaling in the early developmental stages causes several hereditary diseases that lead to embryonic abnormalities. Several other signaling molecules are directly or indirectly activated in response to Wnt/β-catenin stimulation. The crosstalk of these signaling factors either synergizes or opposes the transcriptional activation of β-catenin/Tcf4-mediated target gene expression. Recently, the crosstalk between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), which belongs to the steroid superfamily, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been reported to take place during several aspects of embryonic development. However, numerous questions need to be answered regarding the function and regulation of PPARδ in coordination with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here, we have summarized the functional activation of the PPARδ in co-ordination with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during the regulation of several aspects of embryonic development, stem cell regulation and maintenance, as well as during the progression of several metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tabinda Sidrat
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (T.S.); (M.-D.J.)
| | - Zia-Ur Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21310, Pakistan;
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (T.S.); (M.-D.J.)
| | - Kyeong-Lim Lee
- The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (T.S.); (M.-D.J.)
- The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1942
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chatterjee S, Ouidir M, Tekola-Ayele F. Pleiotropic genetic influence on birth weight and childhood obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:48. [PMID: 33420178 PMCID: PMC7794220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a global public health problem. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie early origins of childhood obesity can facilitate interventions. Consistent phenotypic and genetic correlations have been found between childhood obesity traits and birth weight (a proxy for in-utero growth), suggesting shared genetic influences (pleiotropy). We aimed to (1) investigate whether there is significant shared genetic influence between birth weight and childhood obesity traits, and (2) to identify genetic loci with shared effects. Using a statistical approach that integrates summary statistics and functional annotations for paired traits, we found strong evidence of pleiotropy (P < 3.53 × 10–127) and enrichment of functional annotations (P < 1.62 × 10–39) between birth weight and childhood body mass index (BMI)/obesity. The pleiotropic loci were enriched for regulatory features in skeletal muscle, adipose and brain tissues and in cell lines derived from blood lymphocytes. At 5% false discovery rate, 6 loci were associated with birth weight and childhood BMI and 13 loci were associated with birth weight and childhood obesity. Out of these 19 loci, one locus (EBF1) was novel to childhood obesity and one locus (LMBR1L) was novel to both birth weight and childhood BMI/obesity. These findings give evidence of substantial shared genetic effects in the regulation of both fetal growth and childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suvo Chatterjee
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Room 3204, Bethesda, 20892-7004, USA
| | - Marion Ouidir
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Room 3204, Bethesda, 20892-7004, USA
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Room 3204, Bethesda, 20892-7004, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Targeting Germ Cell Tumors with the Newly Synthesized Flavanone-Derived Compound MLo1302 Efficiently Reduces Tumor Cell Viability and Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010073. [PMID: 33430420 PMCID: PMC7826804 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Less toxic treatment strategies for testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) patients are needed, as overtreatment is a concern due to the long-term side effects of platin-based chemotherapy. Although clinical benefit from classical hypomethylating agents has to date been limited, TGCTs show an abnormal DNA methylome indicating the potential of treating TGCTs with hypomethylating drugs. We tested, for the first time in TGCT cell lines, a new synthetic flavonoid compound (MLo1302) from the 3-nitroflavanone family of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors. We show that MLo1302 reduces cell viability (including of cisplatin resistant cell line NCCIT-R), with IC50s (inhibitory concentration 50) within the nanomolar range for NCCIT and NTERA-2 cells, and proved its cytotoxic effect. Exposure to MLo1302 reduced DNMT protein expression, similar to decitabine, and showed a partial effect in cell differentiation, reducing protein expression of pluripotency markers. RT2 profiler expression array indicated several dysregulated targets, related to activation of apoptosis, differentiation, and cell cycle arrest. We validated these data by showing increased apoptosis, increased protein expression of cleaved caspase 8 and activated caspase 2, and reduced proliferation (BrdU assay), with increase in CDKN1A and decrease in MIB-1 expression. Therefore, synthetic drugs designed to target DNA methylation in cells may uncover effective treatments for TGCT patients.
Collapse
|
50
|
Johnson GA, Bazer FW, Seo H. The Early Stages of Implantation and Placentation in the Pig. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2021; 234:61-89. [PMID: 34694478 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77360-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy in pigs includes the events of conceptus (embryo/fetus and placental membranes) elongation, implantation, and placentation. Placentation in pigs is defined microscopically as epitheliochorial and macroscopically as diffuse. In general, placentation can be defined as the juxtapositioning of the endometrial/uterine microvasculature to the chorioallantoic/placental microvasculature to facilitate the transport of nutrients from the mother to the fetus to support fetal development and growth. Establishment of epitheliochorial placentation in the pig is achieved by: (1) the secretions of uterine glands prior to conceptus attachment to the uterus; (2) the development of extensive folding of the uterine-placental interface to maximize the surface area for movement of nutrients across this surface; (3) increased angiogenesis of the vasculature that delivers both uterine and placental blood and, with it, nutrients to this interface; (4) the minimization of connective tissue that lies between these blood vessels and the uterine and placental epithelia; (5) interdigitation of microvilli between the uterine and placental epithelia; and (6) the secretions of the uterine glands, called histotroph, that accumulate in areolae for transport though the placenta to the fetus. Placentation in pigs is not achieved by invasive growth of the placenta into the uterus. In this chapter, we summarize current knowledge about the major events that occur during the early stages of implantation and placentation in the pig. We will focus on the microanatomy of porcine placentation that builds off the excellent histological work of Amoroso and others and provide a brief review of some of the key physiological, cellular, and molecular events that accompany the development of "implantation" in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Heewon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|