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Li Y, Kim M, Jiang L, Baron L, Faulkner LD, Olson DP, Li X, Gannot N, Li P, Rui L. SH2B1 Defends Against Energy Imbalance, Obesity, and Metabolic Disease via a Paraventricular Hypothalamus→Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Neurocircuit. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400437. [PMID: 38885417 PMCID: PMC11336965 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
SH2B1 mutations are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in humans. Global deletion of Sh2b1 results in severe obesity, type 2 diabetes, and MASLD in mice. Neuron-specific restoration of SH2B1 rescues the obesity phenotype of Sh2b1-null mice, indicating that the brain is a main SH2B1 target. However, SH2B1 neurocircuits remain elusive. SH2B1-expressing neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVHSH2B1) and a PVHSH2B1→dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) neurocircuit are identified here. PVHSH2B1 axons monosynaptically innervate DRN neurons. Optogenetic stimulation of PVHSH2B1 axonal fibers in the DRN suppresses food intake. Chronic inhibition of PVHSH2B1 neurons causes obesity. In male and female mice, either embryonic-onset or adult-onset deletion of Sh2b1 in PVH neurons causes energy imbalance, obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and MASLD. Ablation of Sh2b1 in the DRN-projecting PVHSH2B1 subpopulation also causes energy imbalance, obesity, and metabolic disorders. Conversely, SH2B1 overexpression in either total or DRN-projecting PVHSH2B1 neurons protects against diet-induced obesity. SH2B1 binds to TrkB and enhances brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Ablation of Sh2b1 in PVHSH2B1 neurons induces BDNF resistance in the PVH, contributing to obesity. In conclusion, these results unveil a previously unrecognized PVHSH2B1→DRN neurocircuit through which SH2B1 defends against obesity by enhancing BDNF/TrkB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Min‐Hyun Kim
- Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ85004USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Lorelei Baron
- Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Latrice D. Faulkner
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - David P. Olson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Elizabeth Weiser Caswell Diabetes InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Xingyu Li
- Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Noam Gannot
- Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Biologic and Materials SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Biologic and Materials SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Elizabeth Weiser Caswell Diabetes InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
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2
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Abedini SS, Akhavantabasi S, Liang Y, Heng JIT, Alizadehsani R, Dehzangi I, Bauer DC, Alinejad-Rokny H. A critical review of the impact of candidate copy number variants on autism spectrum disorder. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 794:108509. [PMID: 38977176 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2024.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Recent advancements in genomic analysis have shed light on numerous genes associated with ASD, highlighting the significant role of both common and rare genetic mutations, as well as copy number variations (CNVs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and unique de novo variants. These genetic variations disrupt neurodevelopmental pathways, contributing to the disorder's complexity. Notably, CNVs are present in 10 %-20 % of individuals with autism, with 3 %-7 % detectable through cytogenetic methods. While the role of submicroscopic CNVs in ASD has been recently studied, their association with genomic loci and genes has not been thoroughly explored. In this review, we focus on 47 CNV regions linked to ASD, encompassing 1632 genes, including protein-coding genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), of which 659 show significant brain expression. Using a list of ASD-associated genes from SFARI, we detect 17 regions harboring at least one known ASD-related protein-coding gene. Of the remaining 30 regions, we identify 24 regions containing at least one protein-coding gene with brain-enriched expression and a nervous system phenotype in mouse mutants, and one lncRNA with both brain-enriched expression and upregulation in iPSC to neuron differentiation. This review not only expands our understanding of the genetic diversity associated with ASD but also underscores the potential of lncRNAs in contributing to its etiology. Additionally, the discovered CNVs will be a valuable resource for future diagnostic, therapeutic, and research endeavors aimed at prioritizing genetic variations in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Sedigheh Abedini
- UNSW BioMedical Machine Learning Lab (BML), The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shiva Akhavantabasi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey; Ghiaseddin Jamshid Kashani University, Andisheh University Town, Danesh Blvd, 3441356611, Abyek, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Yuheng Liang
- UNSW BioMedical Machine Learning Lab (BML), The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Julian Ik-Tsen Heng
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6845, Australia
| | - Roohallah Alizadehsani
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iman Dehzangi
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA; Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Denis C Bauer
- Transformational Bioinformatics, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Sydney, Australia; Applied BioSciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Australia
| | - Hamid Alinejad-Rokny
- UNSW BioMedical Machine Learning Lab (BML), The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Tyree Institute of Health Engineering (IHealthE), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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3
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Cannarella R, Curto R, Condorelli RA, Lundy SD, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Molecular insights into Sertoli cell function: how do metabolic disorders in childhood and adolescence affect spermatogonial fate? Nat Commun 2024; 15:5582. [PMID: 38961093 PMCID: PMC11222552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Male infertility is a major public health concern globally with unknown etiology in approximately half of cases. The decline in total sperm count over the past four decades and the parallel increase in childhood obesity may suggest an association between these two conditions. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms through which obesity during childhood and adolescence may impair future testicular function. Several mechanisms occurring in obesity can interfere with the delicate metabolic processes taking place at the testicular level during childhood and adolescence, providing the molecular substrate to hypothesize a causal relationship between childhood obesity and the risk of low sperm counts in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Roberto Curto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Scott D Lundy
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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4
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Guo B, Yu Y, Wang M, Li R, He X, Tang S, Liu Q, Mao Y. Targeting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway with natural plants and phytochemical ingredients: A novel therapeutic method for combatting cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116313. [PMID: 38377736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to introduce the roles and mechanisms of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in various cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and myocardial ischemiareperfusion. In addition, the effects of phytochemical ingredients and different natural plants, mainly traditional Chinese medicines, on the regulation of different cardiovascular diseases via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway are discussed. Surprisingly, the JAK2 pathway has dual roles in different cardiovascular diseases. Future research should focus on the dual regulatory effects of different phytochemical ingredients and natural plants on JAK2 to pave the way for their use in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Yunfeng Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Min Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Ronghui Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Xuan He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Siqin Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Qili Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yilin Mao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410005, China.
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5
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Du X, Yan Y, Yu J, Zhu T, Huang CC, Zhang L, Shan X, Li R, Dai Y, Lv H, Zhang XY, Feng J, Li WG, Luo Q, Li F. SH2B1 Tunes Hippocampal ERK Signaling to Influence Fluid Intelligence in Humans and Mice. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0269. [PMID: 38434247 PMCID: PMC10907025 DOI: 10.34133/research.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Fluid intelligence is a cognitive domain that encompasses general reasoning, pattern recognition, and problem-solving abilities independent of task-specific experience. Understanding its genetic and neural underpinnings is critical yet challenging for predicting human development, lifelong health, and well-being. One approach to address this challenge is to map the network of correlations between intelligence and other constructs. In the current study, we performed a genome-wide association study using fluid intelligence quotient scores from the UK Biobank to explore the genetic architecture of the associations between obesity risk and fluid intelligence. Our results revealed novel common genetic loci (SH2B1, TUFM, ATP2A1, and FOXO3) underlying the association between fluid intelligence and body metabolism. Surprisingly, we demonstrated that SH2B1 variation influenced fluid intelligence independently of its effects on metabolism but partially mediated its association with bilateral hippocampal volume. Consistently, selective genetic ablation of Sh2b1 in the mouse hippocampus, particularly in inhibitory neurons, but not in excitatory neurons, significantly impaired working memory, short-term novel object recognition memory, and behavioral flexibility, but not spatial learning and memory, mirroring the human intellectual performance. Single-cell genetic profiling of Sh2B1-regulated molecular pathways revealed that Sh2b1 deletion resulted in aberrantly enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, whereas pharmacological inhibition of ERK signaling reversed the associated behavioral impairment. Our cross-species study thus provides unprecedented insight into the role of SH2B1 in fluid intelligence and has implications for understanding the genetic and neural underpinnings of lifelong mental health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Du
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenom Institute,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuhua Yan
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education),
School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juehua Yu
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
- Center for Experimental Studies and Research,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Tailin Zhu
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education),
School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science,
East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xingyue Shan
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education),
School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ren Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenom Institute,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hui Lv
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenom Institute,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenom Institute,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei-Guang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenom Institute,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Li
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China
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6
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Carter-Su C, Argetsinger LS, Svezhova N. 2022 Cannon lecture: an ode to signal transduction: how the growth hormone pathway revealed insight into height, malignancy, and obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E425-E437. [PMID: 37672248 PMCID: PMC10874654 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00265.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Walter Cannon was a highly regarded American neurologist and physiologist with extremely broad interests. In the tradition of Cannon and his broad interests, we discuss our laboratory's multifaceted work in signal transduction over the past 40+ years. We show how our questioning of how growth hormone (GH) in the blood communicates with cells throughout the body to promote body growth and regulate body metabolism led to insight into not only body height but also important regulators of malignancy and body weight. Highlights include finding that 1) A critical initiating step in GH signal transduction is GH activating the GH receptor-associated tyrosine kinase JAK2; 2) GH activation of JAK2 leads to activation of a number of signaling proteins, including STAT transcription factors; 3) JAK2 is autophosphorylated on multiple tyrosines that regulate the activity of JAK2 and recruit signaling proteins to GH/GH receptor/JAK2 complexes; 4) Constitutively activated STAT proteins are associated with cancer; 5) GH activation of JAK2 recruits the adapter protein SH2B1 to GH/GH receptor/JAK2 complexes where it facilitates GH regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and motility; and 6) SH2B1 is recruited to other receptors in the brain, where it enhances satiety, most likely in part by regulating leptin action and neuronal connections of appetite-regulating neurons. These findings have led to increased understanding of how GH functions, as well as therapeutic interventions for certain cancer and obese individuals, thereby reinforcing the great importance of supporting basic research since one never knows ahead of time what important insight it can provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Carter-Su
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Nadezhda Svezhova
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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7
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Argetsinger LS, Flores A, Svezhova N, Ellis M, Reynolds C, Cote JL, Cline JM, Myers MG, Carter-Su C. Role of the Beta and Gamma Isoforms of the Adapter Protein SH2B1 in Regulating Energy Balance. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad032. [PMID: 36799031 PMCID: PMC10282918 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Human variants of the adapter protein SH2B1 are associated with severe childhood obesity, hyperphagia, and insulin resistance-phenotypes mimicked by mice lacking Sh2b1. SH2B1β and γ isoforms are expressed ubiquitously, whereas SH2B1α and δ isoforms are expressed primarily in the brain. Restoring SH2B1β driven by the neuron-specific enolase promoter largely reverses the metabolic phenotype of Sh2b1-null mice, suggesting crucial roles for neuronal SH2B1β in energy balance control. Here we test this hypothesis by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to delete the β and γ isoforms from the neurons of mice (SH2B1βγ neuron-specific knockout [NKO] mice) or throughout the body (SH2B1βγ knockout [KO] mice). While parameters of energy balance were normal in both male and female SH2B1βγ NKO mice, food intake, body weight, and adiposity were increased in male (but not female) SH2B1βγ KO mice. Analysis of long-read single-cell RNA seq data from wild-type mouse brain revealed that neurons express almost exclusively the α and δ isoforms, whereas neuroglial cells express almost exclusively the β and γ isoforms. Our work suggests that neuronal SH2B1β and γ are not primary regulators of energy balance. Rather, non-neuronal SH2B1β and γ in combination with neuronal SH2B1α and δ suffice for body weight maintenance. While SH2B1β/γ and SH2B1α/δ share some functionality, SH2B1β/γ appears to play a larger role in promoting leanness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence S Argetsinger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anabel Flores
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nadezhda Svezhova
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael Ellis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Caitlin Reynolds
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jessica L Cote
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joel M Cline
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christin Carter-Su
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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8
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Kim MH, Li Y, Zheng Q, Jiang L, Myers MG, Wu WS, Rui L. LepRb+ cell-specific deletion of Slug mitigates obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:156722. [PMID: 36512408 PMCID: PMC9927931 DOI: 10.1172/jci156722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin exerts its biological actions by activating the long-form leptin receptor (LepRb). LepRb signaling impairment and leptin resistance are believed to cause obesity. The transcription factor Slug - also known as Snai2 - recruits epigenetic modifiers and regulates gene expression by an epigenetic mechanism; however, its epigenetic action has not been explored in leptin resistance. Here, we uncover a proobesity function of neuronal Slug. Hypothalamic Slug was upregulated in obese mice. LepRb+ cell-specific Slug-knockout (SlugΔLepRb) mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity, type 2 diabetes, and liver steatosis and experienced decreased food intake and increased fat thermogenesis. Leptin stimulated hypothalamic Stat3 phosphorylation and weight loss to a markedly higher level in SlugΔLepRb than in Slugfl/fl mice, even before their body weight divergence. Conversely, hypothalamic LepRb+ neuron-specific overexpression of Slug, mediated by AAV-hSyn-DIO-Slug transduction, induced leptin resistance, obesity, and metabolic disorders in mice on a chow diet. At the genomic level, Slug bound to and repressed the LepRb promoter, thereby inhibiting LepRb transcription. Consistently, Slug deficiency decreased methylation of LepRb promoter H3K27, a repressive epigenetic mark, and increased LepRb mRNA levels in the hypothalamus. Collectively, these results unravel what we believe to be a previously unrecognized hypothalamic neuronal Slug/epigenetic reprogramming/leptin resistance axis that promotes energy imbalance, obesity, and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hyun Kim
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | | | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology.,Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wen-Shu Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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9
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Recent Advances in the Knowledge of the Mechanisms of Leptin Physiology and Actions in Neurological and Metabolic Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021422. [PMID: 36674935 PMCID: PMC9860943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight is frequently associated with low-grade inflammation. Evidence indicates a relationship between obesity and cancer, as well as with other diseases, such as diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, in which inflammation and the actions of various adipokines play a role in the pathological mechanisms involved in these disorders. Leptin is mainly produced by adipose tissue in proportion to fat stores, but it is also synthesized in other organs, where leptin receptors are expressed. This hormone performs numerous actions in the brain, mainly related to the control of energy homeostasis. It is also involved in neurogenesis and neuroprotection, and central leptin resistance is related to some neurological disorders, e.g., Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. In peripheral tissues, leptin is implicated in the regulation of metabolism, as well as of bone density and muscle mass. All these actions can be affected by changes in leptin levels and the mechanisms associated with resistance to this hormone. This review will present recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of leptin action and their underlying roles in pathological situations, which may be of interest for revealing new approaches for the treatment of diseases where the actions of this adipokine might be compromised.
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10
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SH2B1 variants as potential causes of non-syndromic monogenic obesity in a Brazilian cohort. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3665-3674. [PMID: 36436143 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE SH2B1 gene encodes an important adaptor protein to receptor tyrosine kinases or cytokine receptors associated with Janus kinases. This gene has been associated with the structural and functional modulation of neurons and other cells, and impacts on energy and glucose homeostasis. Several studies suggested that alterations in this gene are strong candidates for the development of obesity. However, only a few studies have screened SH2B1 point variants in individuals with obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SH2B1 variants in a Brazilian cohort of patients with severe obesity and candidates to bariatric surgery. METHODS The cohort comprised 122 individuals with severe obesity, who developed this phenotype during childhood. As controls, 100 normal-weight individuals were included. The coding region of SH2B1 gene was screened by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS A total of eight variants were identified in SH2B1, of which p.(Val345Met) and p.(Arg630Gln) variants were rare and predicted as potentially pathogenic by the in the silico algorithms used in this study. The p.(Val345Met) was not found in either the control group or in publicly available databases. This variant was identified in a female patient with severe obesity, metabolic syndrome and hyperglycemia. The p.(Arg630Gln) was also absent in our control group, but it was reported in gnomAD with an extremely low frequency. This variant was observed in a female patient with morbid obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and severe binge-eating disorder. CONCLUSION Our study reported for the first time two rare and potentially pathogenic variants in Brazilian patients with severe obesity. Further functional studies will be necessary to confirm and elucidate the impact of these variants on SH2B1 protein function and stability, and their impact on energetic metabolism. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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11
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Toor SM, Aldous EK, Parray A, Akhtar N, Al-Sarraj Y, Abdelalim EM, Arredouani A, El-Agnaf O, Thornalley PJ, Pananchikkal SV, Pir GJ, Kuni RAT, Shuaib A, Alajez NM, Albagha OME. Identification of distinct circulating microRNAs in acute ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1024790. [PMID: 36277770 PMCID: PMC9582656 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1024790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of global mortality and continued efforts aim to identify predictive, diagnostic, or prognostic biomarkers to reduce the disease burden. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential biomarkers in stroke. We performed comprehensive circulating miRNA profiling of ischemic stroke patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), an important risk factor associated with worse clinical outcomes in stroke. Serum samples were collected within 24 h of acute stroke diagnosis and circulating miRNAs profiled using RNA-Seq were compared between stroke patients with T2DM (SWDM; n = 92) and those without T2DM (SWoDM; n = 98). Our analysis workflow involved random allocation of study cohorts into discovery (n = 96) and validation (n = 94) datasets. Five miRNAs were found to be differentially regulated in SWDM compared to SWoDM patients. Hsa-miR-361-3p and -664a-5p were downregulated, whereas miR-423-3p, -140-5p, and -17-3p were upregulated. We also explored the gene targets of these miRNAs and investigated the downstream pathways associated with them to decipher the potential pathways impacted in stroke with diabetes as comorbidity. Overall, our novel findings provide important insights into the differentially regulated miRNAs, their associated pathways and potential utilization for clinical benefits in ischemic stroke patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman M. Toor
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Eman K. Aldous
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Aijaz Parray
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasser Al-Sarraj
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M. Abdelalim
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Sajitha V. Pananchikkal
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghulam Jeelani Pir
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ashfaq Shuaib
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M. Alajez
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar M. E. Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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12
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Rodríguez-López R, Gimeno-Ferrer F, do Santos DA, Ferrer-Bolufer I, Luján CG, Alcalá OZ, García-Banacloy A, Cogollos VB, Juan CS. Reviewed and updated Algorithm for Genetic Characterization of Syndromic Obesity Phenotypes. Curr Genomics 2022; 23:147-162. [PMID: 36777005 PMCID: PMC9878830 DOI: 10.2174/1389202923666220426093436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Individuals with a phenotype of early-onset severe obesity associated with intellectual disability can have molecular diagnoses ranging from monogenic to complex genetic traits. Severe overweight is the major sign of a syndromic physical appearance and predicting the influence of a single gene and/or polygenic risk profile is extremely complicated among the majority of the cases. At present, considering rare monogenic bases as the principal etiology for the majority of obesity cases associated with intellectual disability is scientifically poor. The diversity of the molecular bases responsible for the two entities makes the appliance of the current routinely powerful genomics diagnostic tools essential. Objective: Clinical investigation of these difficult-to-diagnose patients requires pediatricians and neurologists to use optimized descriptions of signs and symptoms to improve genotype correlations. Methods: The use of modern integrated bioinformatics strategies which are conducted by experienced multidisciplinary clinical teams. Evaluation of the phenotype of the patient's family is also of importance. Results: The next step involves discarding the monogenic canonical obesity syndromes and considering infrequent unique molecular cases, and/or then polygenic bases. Adequate management of the application of the new technique and its diagnostic phases is essential for achieving good cost/efficiency balances. Conclusion: With the current clinical management, it is necessary to consider the potential coincidence of risk mutations for obesity in patients with genetic alterations that induce intellectual disability. In this review, we describe an updated algorithm for the molecular characterization and diagnosis of patients with a syndromic obesity phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rodríguez-López
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;,Address correspondence to this author at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Avenida de las Tres Cruces no. 2 46014, Valencia, Spain; Tel: 0034 963 131 800 – 437317; Fax: 0034 963 131 979; E-mail:
| | - Fátima Gimeno-Ferrer
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Albuquerque do Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Ferrer-Bolufer
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carola Guzmán Luján
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Otilia Zomeño Alcalá
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amor García-Banacloy
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Sánchez Juan
- Endocrinology Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Liu T, Xu Y, Yi CX, Tong Q, Cai D. The hypothalamus for whole-body physiology: from metabolism to aging. Protein Cell 2022; 13:394-421. [PMID: 33826123 PMCID: PMC9095790 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging are two important epidemic factors for metabolic syndrome and many other health issues, which contribute to devastating diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke and cancers. The brain plays a central role in controlling metabolic physiology in that it integrates information from other metabolic organs, sends regulatory projections and orchestrates the whole-body function. Emerging studies suggest that brain dysfunction in sensing various internal cues or processing external cues may have profound effects on metabolic and other physiological functions. This review highlights brain dysfunction linked to genetic mutations, sex, brain inflammation, microbiota, stress as causes for whole-body pathophysiology, arguing brain dysfunction as a root cause for the epidemic of aging and obesity-related disorders. We also speculate key issues that need to be addressed on how to reveal relevant brain dysfunction that underlines the development of these disorders and diseases in order to develop new treatment strategies against these health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemin Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yong Xu
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XChildren’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Qingchun Tong
- grid.453726.10000 0004 5906 7293Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Graduate Program in Neuroscience of MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461 USA
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14
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Neuronal SH2B1 attenuates apoptosis in an MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease via promoting PLIN4 degradation. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102308. [PMID: 35390677 PMCID: PMC8987406 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased tremendously, especially in the aged population and people with metabolic dysfunction; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. SH2B1, an intracellular adaptor protein, contributes to the signal transduction of several receptor tyrosine kinases and exerts beneficial metabolic effects for body weight regulation; however, whether SH2B1 plays a major role in pathological neurodegeneration in PD has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SH2B1 in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)–induced PD mice with Sh2b1 deficiency or neuron-specific Sh2b1 overexpression. Cellular and molecular mechanisms were elucidated using human dopaminergic neuron SH-SY5Y cells analysed. We found that SH2B1 expression was confirmed to be downregulated in the blood samples of PD patients and in the brains of mice with MPTP-induced chronic PD. Sh2b1 deficiency caused marked exacerbation of behavioural defects and increased neuronal apoptosis in MPTP-treated mice, whereas restoration of neuron-specific Sh2b1 expression significantly reversed these effects. Similar results were observed in MPP + -treated SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistically, upon binding to heat shock cognate 70 (HSC70), SH2B1 promotes HSC70-related recognition and PLIN4 lysosomal translocation and degradation, thus suppressing lipid peroxidation stress in the brains of PD mice. Adeno-associated virus-mediated rescue of neuronal HSC70 expression functionally alleviated the neuropathology of PD in wild-type but not in Sh2b1-deficient mice. This is the first study to examine the molecular underpinnings of SH2B1 against MPTP-induced neurodegeneration through cell autonomous promotion of neuronal survival in an in vivo PD model. Our findings reveal that SH2B1 antagonizes neurodegenerative pathology in PD via the SH2B1–HSC70–PLIN4 axis. Brain tissues, especially in TH+ neurons, of PD mice showed low SH2B1 expression. SH2B1 suppressed MPTP-induced neurodegeneration by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. SH2B1 overexpression protected against MPP + -induced cell death via HSC70. SH2B1 interacts with HSC70 to form a complex that regulates PLIN4 degradation.
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15
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Cote JL, Vander PB, Ellis M, Cline JM, Svezhova N, Doche ME, Maures TJ, Choudhury TA, Kong S, Klaft OGJ, Joe RM, Argetsinger LS, Carter-Su C. The nucleolar δ isoform of adapter protein SH2B1 enhances morphological complexity and function of cultured neurons. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259179. [PMID: 35019135 PMCID: PMC8918807 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adapter protein SH2B1 is recruited to neurotrophin receptors, including TrkB (also known as NTRK2), the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Herein, we demonstrate that the four alternatively spliced isoforms of SH2B1 (SH2B1α-SH2B1δ) are important determinants of neuronal architecture and neurotrophin-induced gene expression. Primary hippocampal neurons from Sh2b1-/- [knockout (KO)] mice exhibit decreased neurite complexity and length, and BDNF-induced expression of the synapse-related immediate early genes Egr1 and Arc. Reintroduction of each SH2B1 isoform into KO neurons increases neurite complexity; the brain-specific δ isoform also increases total neurite length. Human obesity-associated variants, when expressed in SH2B1δ, alter neurite complexity, suggesting that a decrease or increase in neurite branching may have deleterious effects that contribute to the severe childhood obesity and neurobehavioral abnormalities associated with these variants. Surprisingly, in contrast to SH2B1α, SH2B1β and SH2B1γ, which localize primarily in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane, SH2B1δ resides primarily in nucleoli. Some SH2B1δ is also present in the plasma membrane and nucleus. Nucleolar localization, driven by two highly basic regions unique to SH2B1δ, is required for SH2B1δ to maximally increase neurite complexity and BDNF-induced expression of Egr1, Arc and FosL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Cote
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paul B. Vander
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Ellis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joel M. Cline
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nadezhda Svezhova
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael E. Doche
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Travis J. Maures
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tahrim A. Choudhury
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Seongbae Kong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Olivia G. J. Klaft
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ray M. Joe
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lawrence S. Argetsinger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christin Carter-Su
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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16
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Miyamoto Y, Torii T, Homma K, Oizumi H, Ohbuchi K, Mizoguchi K, Takashima S, Yamauchi J. The adaptor SH2B1 and the phosphatase PTP4A1 regulate the phosphorylation of cytohesin-2 in myelinating Schwann cells in mice. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabi5276. [PMID: 35077201 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abi5276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mature myelin sheaths insulate axons to increase nerve conduction velocity and protect nerve fibers from stress and physical injury. In the peripheral nervous system, the myelin sheath is produced by Schwann cells. The guanine-nucleotide exchange factor cytohesin-2 activates the protein Arf6 to promote Schwann cell myelination. Here, we investigated the regulation of cytohesin-2 and found that the phosphorylation status of Tyr381 in cytohesin-2 is central to Schwann cell myelination. Knockin mice with a nonphosphorylatable Y381F mutation in cytohesin-2 exhibited reduced myelin thickness and decreased Arf6 activity in sciatic nerve tissue. In HEK293T cells, cytohesin-2 was dephosphorylated at Tyr381 by the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP4A1, whereas phosphorylation at this site was maintained by interaction with the adaptor protein SH2B1. Schwann cell-specific knockdown of PTP4A1 in mice increased cytohesin-2 phosphorylation and myelin thickness. Conversely, Schwann cell-specific loss of SH2B1 resulted in reduced myelin thickness and decreased cytohesin-2 phosphorylation. Thus, a signaling unit centered on cytohesin-2-with SH2B1 as a positive regulator and PTP4A1 as a negative regulator-controls Schwann cell myelination in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Torii
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Pathophysiology, Doshisha University Graduate School of Brain Science, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Keiichi Homma
- Department of Life Science and Informatics, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0816, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Oizumi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki, Ibaraki 200-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki, Ibaraki 200-1192, Japan
| | - Kazushige Mizoguchi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki, Ibaraki 200-1192, Japan
| | - Shou Takashima
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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17
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A functional genomics pipeline identifies pleiotropy and cross-tissue effects within obesity-associated GWAS loci. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5253. [PMID: 34489471 PMCID: PMC8421397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many disease-associated variants, yet mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. To understand obesity-associated variants, we generate gene regulatory annotations in adipocytes and hypothalamic neurons across cellular differentiation stages. We then test variants in 97 obesity-associated loci using a massively parallel reporter assay and identify putatively causal variants that display cell type specific or cross-tissue enhancer-modulating properties. Integrating these variants with gene regulatory information suggests genes that underlie obesity GWAS associations. We also investigate a complex genomic interval on 16p11.2 where two independent loci exhibit megabase-range, cross-locus chromatin interactions. We demonstrate that variants within these two loci regulate a shared gene set. Together, our data support a model where GWAS loci contain variants that alter enhancer activity across tissues, potentially with temporally restricted effects, to impact the expression of multiple genes. This complex model has broad implications for ongoing efforts to understand GWAS.
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18
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Multiple Leptin Signalling Pathways in the Control of Metabolism and Fertility: A Means to Different Ends? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179210. [PMID: 34502119 PMCID: PMC8430761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived ‘satiety promoting’ hormone, leptin, has been identified as a key central regulator of body weight and fertility, such that its absence leads to obesity and infertility. Plasma leptin levels reflect body adiposity, and therefore act as an ‘adipostat’, whereby low leptin levels reflect a state of low body adiposity (under-nutrition/starvation) and elevated leptin levels reflect a state of high body adiposity (over-nutrition/obesity). While genetic leptin deficiency is rare, obesity-related leptin resistance is becoming increasingly common. In the absence of adequate leptin sensitivity, leptin is unable to exert its ‘anti-obesity’ effects, thereby exacerbating obesity. Furthermore, extreme leptin resistance and consequent low or absent leptin signalling resembles a state of starvation and can thus lead to infertility. However, leptin resistance occurs on a spectrum, and it is possible to be resistant to leptin’s metabolic effects while retaining leptin’s permissive effects on fertility. This may be because leptin exerts its modulatory effects on energy homeostasis and reproductive function through discrete intracellular signalling pathways, and these pathways are differentially affected by the molecules that promote leptin resistance. This review discusses the potential mechanisms that enable leptin to exert differential control over metabolic and reproductive function in the contexts of healthy leptin signalling and of diet-induced leptin resistance.
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19
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De Rosa MC, Glover HJ, Stratigopoulos G, LeDuc CA, Su Q, Shen Y, Sleeman MW, Chung WK, Leibel RL, Altarejos JY, Doege CA. Gene expression atlas of energy balance brain regions. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149137. [PMID: 34283813 PMCID: PMC8409984 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy balance is controlled by interconnected brain regions in the hypothalamus, brainstem, cortex, and limbic system. Gene expression signatures of these regions can help elucidate the pathophysiology underlying obesity. RNA sequencing was conducted on P56 C57BL/6NTac male mice and E14.5 C57BL/6NTac embryo punch biopsies in 16 obesity-relevant brain regions. The expression of 190 known obesity-associated genes (monogenic, rare, and low-frequency coding variants; GWAS; syndromic) was analyzed in each anatomical region. Genes associated with these genetic categories of obesity had localized expression patterns across brain regions. Known monogenic obesity causal genes were highly enriched in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and developing hypothalamus. The obesity-associated genes clustered into distinct “modules” of similar expression profile, and these were distinct from expression modules formed by similar analysis with genes known to be associated with other disease phenotypes (type 1 and type 2 diabetes, autism, breast cancer) in the same energy balance–relevant brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caterina De Rosa
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, and
| | - Hannah J Glover
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, and
| | - George Stratigopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Charles A LeDuc
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons.,New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qi Su
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology.,Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | - Mark W Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons.,Department of Medicine.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Institute of Human Nutrition
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons.,New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Institute of Human Nutrition
| | | | - Claudia A Doege
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, and.,New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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20
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Liu H, Du T, Li C, Yang G. STAT3 phosphorylation in central leptin resistance. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:39. [PMID: 33849593 PMCID: PMC8045279 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanism exploitation of energy homeostasis is urgently required because of the worldwide prevailing of obesity-related metabolic disorders in human being. Although it is well known that leptin plays a central role in regulating energy balance by suppressing food intake and promoting energy expenditure, the existence of leptin resistance in majority of obese individuals hampers the utilization of leptin therapy against these disorders. However, the mechanism of leptin resistance is largely unknown in spite of the globally enormous endeavors. Current theories to interpret leptin resistance include the impairment of leptin transport, attenuation of leptin signaling, chronic inflammation, ER tress, deficiency of autophagy, as well as leptin itself. Leptin-activated leptin receptor (LepRb) signals in hypothalamus via several pathways, in which JAK2-STAT3 pathway, the most extensively investigated one, is considered to mediate the major action of leptin in energy regulation. Upon leptin stimulation the phosphorylation of STAT3 is one of the key events in JAK2-STAT3 pathway, followed by the dimerization and nuclear translocation of this molecule. Phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), as a transcription factor, binds to and regulates its target gene such as POMC gene, playing the physiological function of leptin. Regarding POMC gene in hypothalamus however little is known about the detail of its interaction with STAT3. Moreover the status of p-STAT3 and its significance in hypothalamus of DIO mice needs to be well elucidated. This review comprehends literatures on leptin and leptin resistance and especially discusses what STAT3 phosphorylation would contribute to central leptin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wen Hua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Tianxin Du
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wen Hua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wen Hua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wen Hua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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21
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Szelest M, Stefaniak M, Ręka G, Jaszczuk I, Lejman M. Three case reports of patients indicating the diversity of molecular and clinical features of 16p11.2 microdeletion anomaly. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:76. [PMID: 33691695 PMCID: PMC7945342 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 16p11.2 microdeletion is a known chromosomal anomaly associated mainly with neurocognitive developmental delay, predisposition to obesity, and variable dysmorphism. Although this deletion is relatively rare among the general population, it is one of the serious known genetic aetiologies of obesity and autism spectrum disorder. CASE PRESENTATION This study presents three cases of deletions within the 16p11.2 region. Every child had mild variable craniofacial abnormalities, hand or foot anomalies and developmental and language delays. The first proband had obesity, epilepsy, moderate intellectual disability, aphasia, motor delay, hyperinsulinism, and café au lait spots. The second proband suffered from cardiac, pulmonary, and haematological problems. The third proband had motor and language delays, bronchial asthma, and umbilical hernia. Although each patient presented some features of the syndrome, the children differed in terms of their clinical pictures. Genetic diagnosis of 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome was made in children at different ages based on multiplex ligation probe-dependent amplification analysis and/or microarray methods. CONCLUSIONS Our reports allow us to analyse and better understand the biology of 16p11.2 microdeletion throughout development. However, the variability of presented cases supports the alternate conclusion to this presented in available literature regarding 16p11.2 deletion, as we observed no direct cause-and-effect genotype/phenotype relationships. The reported cases indicate the key role of the interdisciplinary approach in 16p11.2 deletion diagnostics. The care of patients with this anomaly is based on regular health assessment and adjustment of nervous system development therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szelest
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Martyna Stefaniak
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Gabriela Ręka
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ilona Jaszczuk
- Department of Cancer Genetics With Cytogenetics Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, A. Gębali 6, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
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22
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Cote JL, Argetsinger LS, Flores A, Rupp AC, Cline JM, DeSantis LC, Bedard AH, Bagchi DP, Vander PB, Cacciaglia AM, Clutter ES, Chandrashekar G, MacDougald OA, Myers MG, Carter-Su C. Deletion of the Brain-Specific α and δ Isoforms of Adapter Protein SH2B1 Protects Mice From Obesity. Diabetes 2021; 70:400-414. [PMID: 33214137 PMCID: PMC7881872 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mice lacking SH2B1 and humans with variants of SH2B1 display severe obesity and insulin resistance. SH2B1 is an adapter protein that is recruited to the receptors of multiple hormones and neurotrophic factors. Of the four known alternatively spliced SH2B1 isoforms, SH2B1β and SH2B1γ exhibit ubiquitous expression, whereas SH2B1α and SH2B1δ are essentially restricted to the brain. To understand the roles for SH2B1α and SH2B1δ in energy balance and glucose metabolism, we generated mice lacking these brain-specific isoforms (αδ knockout [αδKO] mice). αδKO mice exhibit decreased food intake, protection from weight gain on standard and high-fat diets, and an adiposity-dependent improvement in glucose homeostasis. SH2B1 has been suggested to impact energy balance via the modulation of leptin action. However, αδKO mice exhibit leptin sensitivity that is similar to that of wild-type mice by multiple measures. Thus, decreasing the abundance of SH2B1α and/or SH2B1δ relative to the other SH2B1 isoforms likely shifts energy balance toward a lean phenotype via a primarily leptin-independent mechanism. Our findings suggest that the different alternatively spliced isoforms of SH2B1 perform different functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Cote
- Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lawrence S Argetsinger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Anabel Flores
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alan C Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joel M Cline
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lauren C DeSantis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alexander H Bedard
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Devika P Bagchi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Paul B Vander
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Abrielle M Cacciaglia
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Erik S Clutter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Gowri Chandrashekar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Martin G Myers
- Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Christin Carter-Su
- Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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23
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Perez-Diaz-Del-Campo N, Marin-Alejandre BA, Cantero I, Monreal JI, Elorz M, Herrero JI, Benito-Boillos A, Riezu-Boj JI, Milagro FI, Tur JA, Martinez JA, Abete I, Zulet MA. Differential response to a 6-month energy-restricted treatment depending on SH2B1 rs7359397 variant in NAFLD subjects: Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) Study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3043-3057. [PMID: 33474638 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is worldwide recognized as the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Current NAFLD clinical management relies on lifestyle change, nevertheless, the importance of the genetic make-up on liver damage and the possible interactions with diet are still poorly understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the SH2B1 rs7359397 genetic variant on changes in body composition, metabolic status and liver health after 6-month energy-restricted treatment in overweight/obese subjects with NAFLD. In addition, gene-treatment interactions over the course of the intervention were examined. METHODS The SH2B1 genetic variant was genotyped in 86 overweight/obese subjects with NAFLD from the FLiO study (Fatty Liver in Obesity study). Subjects were metabolically evaluated at baseline and at 6-months. Liver assessment included ultrasonography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, elastography, a lipidomic test (OWL®-test) and specific blood liver biomarkers. Additionally, body composition, general biochemical markers and dietary intake were determined. RESULTS Both genotypes significantly improved their body composition, general metabolic status and liver health after following an energy-restricted strategy. Liver imaging techniques showed a greater decrease in liver fat content (- 44.3%, p < 0.001) and in serum ferritin levels (p < 0.001) in the carriers of the T allele after the intervention. Moreover, lipidomic analysis, revealed a higher improvement in liver status when comparing risk vs. no-risk genotype (p = 0.006 vs. p = 0.926, respectively). Gene-treatment interactions showed an increase in fiber intake and omega-3 fatty acid in risk genotype (p interaction = 0.056 and p interaction = 0.053, respectively), while a significant increase in MedDiet score was observed in both genotype groups (p = 0.020). Moreover, no-risk genotype presented a relevant decrease in hepatic iron as well as in MUFA intake (p = 0.047 and p = 0.034, respectively). CONCLUSION Subjects carrying the T allele of the rs7359397 polymorphism may benefit more in terms of hepatic health and liver status when prescribed an energy-restricted treatment, where a Mediterranean dietary pattern rich in fiber and other components such as omega-3 fatty acids might boost the benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION The Fatty Liver in Obesity was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Navarra and retrospectively registered (NCT03183193; www.clinicaltrials.gov ); June 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Perez-Diaz-Del-Campo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bertha Araceli Marin-Alejandre
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene Cantero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Ignacio Monreal
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mariana Elorz
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Herrero
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Benito-Boillos
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose I Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Biochemical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Biochemical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & Balearic Islands Institute for Health Research (IDISBA), 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Biochemical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Biochemical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Angeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Biochemical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Sun C, Kovacs P, Guiu-Jurado E. Genetics of Obesity in East Asians. Front Genet 2020; 11:575049. [PMID: 33193685 PMCID: PMC7606890 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.575049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a public health problem worldwide. Compared with Europe, people in Asia tend to suffer from type 2 diabetes with a lower body mass index (BMI). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 750 loci associated with obesity. Although the majority of GWAS results were conducted in individuals of European ancestry, a recent GWAS in individuals of Asian ancestry has made a significant contribution to the identification of obesity susceptibility loci. Indeed, owing to the multifactorial character of obesity with a strong environmental component, the revealed loci may have distinct contributions in different ancestral genetic backgrounds and in different environments as presented through diet and exercise among other factors. Uncovering novel, yet unrevealed genes in non-European ancestries may further contribute to explaining the missing heritability for BMI. In this review, we aimed to summarize recent advances in obesity genetics in individuals of Asian ancestry. We therefore compared proposed mechanisms underlying susceptibility loci for obesity associated with individuals of European and Asian ancestries and discussed whether known genetic variants might explain ethnic differences in obesity risk. We further acknowledged that GWAS implemented in individuals of Asian ancestries have not only validated the potential role of previously specified obesity susceptibility loci but also exposed novel ones, which have been missed in the initial genetic studies in individuals of European ancestries. Thus, multi-ethnic studies have a great potential not only to contribute to a better understanding of the complex etiology of human obesity but also potentially of ethnic differences in the prevalence of obesity, which may ultimately pave new avenues in more targeted and personalized obesity treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Yang Y, Xu Y. The central melanocortin system and human obesity. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:785-797. [PMID: 32976556 PMCID: PMC7816681 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and the associated comorbidities highlight the importance of understanding the regulation of energy homeostasis. The central melanocortin system plays a critical role in controlling body weight balance. Melanocortin neurons sense and integrate the neuronal and hormonal signals, and then send regulatory projections, releasing anorexigenic or orexigenic melanocortin neuropeptides, to downstream neurons to regulate the food intake and energy expenditure. This review summarizes the latest progress in our understanding of the role of the melanocortin pathway in energy homeostasis. We also review the advances in the identification of human genetic variants that cause obesity via mechanisms that affect the central melanocortin system, which have provided rational targets for treatment of genetically susceptible patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Yang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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26
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Lengyel A, Pinti É, Pikó H, Jávorszky E, David D, Tihanyi M, Gönczi É, Kiss E, Tóth Z, Tory K, Fekete G, Haltrich I. Clinical and genetic findings in Hungarian pediatric patients carrying chromosome 16p copy number variants and a review of the literature. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104027. [PMID: 32758661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The short arm of chromosome 16 (16p) is enriched for segmental duplications, making it susceptible to recurrent, reciprocal rearrangements implicated in the etiology of several phenotypes, including intellectual disability, speech disorders, developmental coordination disorder, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, obesity and congenital skeletal disorders. In our clinical study 73 patients were analyzed by chromosomal microarray, and results were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization or polymerase chain reaction. All patients underwent detailed clinical evaluation, with special emphasis on behavioral symptoms. 16p rearrangements were identified in 10 individuals. We found six pathogenic deletions and duplications of the recurrent regions within 16p11.2: one patient had a deletion of the distal 16p11.2 region associated with obesity, while four individuals had duplications, and one patient a deletion of the proximal 16p11.2 region. The other four patients carried 16p variations as second-site genomic alterations, acting as possible modifying genetic factors. We present the phenotypic and genotypic results of our patients and discuss our findings in relation to the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lengyel
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Éva Pinti
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henriett Pikó
- I Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Jávorszky
- I Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dezső David
- Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariann Tihanyi
- Department of Genetics, Zala County Hospital, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
| | - Éva Gönczi
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kiss
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Tóth
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Tory
- I Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Fekete
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Irén Haltrich
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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27
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Roles of Gangliosides in Hypothalamic Control of Energy Balance: New Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155349. [PMID: 32731387 PMCID: PMC7432706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are essential components of cell membranes and are involved in a variety of physiological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and receptor-mediated signal transduction. They regulate functions of proteins in membrane microdomains, notably receptor tyrosine kinases such as insulin receptor (InsR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), through lateral association. Studies during the past two decades using knockout (KO) or pharmacologically inhibited cells, or KO mouse models for glucosylceramide synthase (GCS; Ugcg), GM3 synthase (GM3S; St3gal5), and GD3 synthase (GD3S; St8sia1) have revealed essential roles of gangliosides in hypothalamic control of energy balance. The a-series gangliosides GM1 and GD1a interact with leptin receptor (LepR) and promote LepR signaling through activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Studies of GM3S KO cells have shown that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, downstream of the LepR signaling pathway, is also modulated by gangliosides. Recent studies have revealed crosstalk between the LepR signaling pathway and other receptor signaling pathways (e.g., InsR and EGFR pathways). Gangliosides thus have the ability to modulate the effects of leptin by regulating functions of such receptors, and by direct interaction with LepR to control signaling.
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28
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Orthofer M, Valsesia A, Mägi R, Wang QP, Kaczanowska J, Kozieradzki I, Leopoldi A, Cikes D, Zopf LM, Tretiakov EO, Demetz E, Hilbe R, Boehm A, Ticevic M, Nõukas M, Jais A, Spirk K, Clark T, Amann S, Lepamets M, Neumayr C, Arnold C, Dou Z, Kuhn V, Novatchkova M, Cronin SJF, Tietge UJF, Müller S, Pospisilik JA, Nagy V, Hui CC, Lazovic J, Esterbauer H, Hagelkruys A, Tancevski I, Kiefer FW, Harkany T, Haubensak W, Neely GG, Metspalu A, Hager J, Gheldof N, Penninger JM. Identification of ALK in Thinness. Cell 2020; 181:1246-1262.e22. [PMID: 32442405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable inter-individual variability in susceptibility to weight gain despite an equally obesogenic environment in large parts of the world. Whereas many studies have focused on identifying the genetic susceptibility to obesity, we performed a GWAS on metabolically healthy thin individuals (lowest 6th percentile of the population-wide BMI spectrum) in a uniquely phenotyped Estonian cohort. We discovered anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) as a candidate thinness gene. In Drosophila, RNAi mediated knockdown of Alk led to decreased triglyceride levels. In mice, genetic deletion of Alk resulted in thin animals with marked resistance to diet- and leptin-mutation-induced obesity. Mechanistically, we found that ALK expression in hypothalamic neurons controls energy expenditure via sympathetic control of adipose tissue lipolysis. Our genetic and mechanistic experiments identify ALK as a thinness gene, which is involved in the resistance to weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Orthofer
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | - Ivona Kozieradzki
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Alexandra Leopoldi
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Domagoj Cikes
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Lydia M Zopf
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Evgenii O Tretiakov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Anna Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Melita Ticevic
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Margit Nõukas
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Alexander Jais
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Katrin Spirk
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Teleri Clark
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sabine Amann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Maarja Lepamets
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | | | - Cosmas Arnold
- IMP, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Zhengchao Dou
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Volker Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | | | - Shane J F Cronin
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Vanja Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chi-Chung Hui
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jelena Lazovic
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Florian W Kiefer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria; Section for Chemical Neurotransmission, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Solnavägen 9, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Wulf Haubensak
- IMP, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - G Gregory Neely
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Jorg Hager
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Nele Gheldof
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria; Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Xin G, Xu-Yong L, Shan H, Gang W, Zhen C, Ji-Jun L, Ping Y, Man-Hua C. SH2B1 protects cardiomyocytes from ischemia/reperfusion injury via the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:105910. [PMID: 32222636 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis, reactive oxidative stress (ROS) and inflammation act as the pivotal pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (MIRI). Our prior study and other investigation have demonstrated the participations of src homology 2 (SH2) B adaptor protein 1 (SH2B1) in ischemic injury and cardiac hypertrophy; whereas, the involvements of SH2B1 in MIRI and underlying mechanisms are completely unknown. METHOD In present study, MIRI model in vivo was induced by 30 min of ligation of LAD coronary artery and 24 h of reperfusion, and primary cultured cardiomyocytes were challenged with 2 h of hypoxia followed by 4 h of reoxygenation (H/R) to mimic MIRI in vitro. Adenovirus encoding for SH2B1 or GFP were pre-transfected into myocardium prior to MIRI both in vivo and in vitro. The myocardial damage, cardiac function, apoptosis, ROS and inflammation were evaluated systematically. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were alternatively performed to detect protein expression. RESULTS The results exhibited that H/R or I/R significantly reduced SH2B1 in cardiomyocytes, followed by impaired cell survival and function, which were strongly reversed after the adenovirus-mediated SH2B1 up-regulation. Meanwhile, I/R- and H/R-elevated inflammation, apoptosis and ROS were also alleviated by SH2B1 up-regulation. A mechanistic study suggested that the protective contributions of SH2B1 on H/R-suffered cardiomyocytes were based on the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. The abolishment of the PI3K/AKT via a pharmacological inhibitor (LY294002) repressed anti-H/R capabilities of SH2B1. CONCLUSION Therefore, SH2B1 prevents cardiomyocytes from inflammation, apoptosis and ROS in MIRI partially through the PI3K/AKT-dependent avenues. It may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Xu-Yong
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hu Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wu Gang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Zhen
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liu Ji-Jun
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ye Ping
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Chen Man-Hua
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China.
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30
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Leptin receptor-expressing neuron Sh2b1 supports sympathetic nervous system and protects against obesity and metabolic disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1517. [PMID: 32251290 PMCID: PMC7089966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), energy expenditure, and weight loss; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we uncover Sh2b1 in leptin receptor (LepR) neurons as a critical component of a SNS/brown adipose tissue (BAT)/thermogenesis axis. LepR neuron-specific deletion of Sh2b1 abrogates leptin-stimulated sympathetic nerve activation and impairs BAT thermogenic programs, leading to reduced core body temperature and cold intolerance. The adipose SNS degenerates progressively in mutant mice after 8 weeks of age. Adult-onset ablation of Sh2b1 in the mediobasal hypothalamus also impairs the SNS/BAT/thermogenesis axis; conversely, hypothalamic overexpression of human SH2B1 has the opposite effects. Mice with either LepR neuron-specific or adult-onset, hypothalamus-specific ablation of Sh2b1 develop obesity, insulin resistance, and liver steatosis. In contrast, hypothalamic overexpression of SH2B1 protects against high fat diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndromes. Our results unravel an unrecognized LepR neuron Sh2b1/SNS/BAT/thermogenesis axis that combats obesity and metabolic disease.
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31
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Cheng Y, Duan C, Zhang C. New perspective on SH2B1: An accelerator of cancer progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109651. [PMID: 31739166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SH2B1 is well-known as an adaptor protein, and deletion of SH2B1 results in severe obesity and both leptin and insulin resistance. Some studies have revealed that SH2B1 is involved in the progression of lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, and so on. Biological function experiments have proven that SH2B1 can regulate cellular morphology, motility and adhesion by modifying the actin cytoskeletal reorganization, and it can promote cell mitogenesis, transformation, survival and differentiation via different signal pathways by enhancing the kinase activity of several receptor tyrosine kinases. In addition, SH2B1 is an obesity-related gene, and epidemiological surveys suggest a complex relationship between obesity and cancer. Therefore, what is the relationship between SH2B1 and cancer? Herein, we attempt to provide a mini overview of the roles of SH2B1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanda Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Chaojun Duan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
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32
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Flores A, Argetsinger LS, Stadler LKJ, Malaga AE, Vander PB, DeSantis LC, Joe RM, Cline JM, Keogh JM, Henning E, Barroso I, Mendes de Oliveira E, Chandrashekar G, Clutter ES, Hu Y, Stuckey J, Farooqi IS, Myers MG, Carter-Su C. Crucial Role of the SH2B1 PH Domain for the Control of Energy Balance. Diabetes 2019; 68:2049-2062. [PMID: 31439647 PMCID: PMC6804625 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the adaptor protein SH2B1 (SH2-B, PSM) is associated with severe obesity, insulin resistance, and neurobehavioral abnormalities in mice and humans. Here, we identify 15 SH2B1 variants in severely obese children. Four obesity-associated human SH2B1 variants lie in the Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, suggesting that the PH domain is essential for SH2B1's function. We generated a mouse model of a human variant in this domain (P322S). P322S/P322S mice exhibited substantial prenatal lethality. Examination of the P322S/+ metabolic phenotype revealed late-onset glucose intolerance. To circumvent P322S/P322S lethality, mice containing a two-amino acid deletion within the SH2B1 PH domain (ΔP317, R318 [ΔPR]) were studied. Mice homozygous for ΔPR were born at the expected Mendelian ratio and exhibited obesity plus insulin resistance and glucose intolerance beyond that attributable to their increased adiposity. These studies demonstrate that the PH domain plays a crucial role in how SH2B1 controls energy balance and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Flores
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lawrence S Argetsinger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lukas K J Stadler
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Alvaro E Malaga
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Paul B Vander
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lauren C DeSantis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ray M Joe
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joel M Cline
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Julia M Keogh
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Elana Henning
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Ines Barroso
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Edson Mendes de Oliveira
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Gowri Chandrashekar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Erik S Clutter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jeanne Stuckey
- Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Biological Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Martin G Myers
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Christin Carter-Su
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Cohen-Sharir Y, Kuperman Y, Apelblat D, den Hertog J, Spiegel I, Knobler H, Elson A. Protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha inhibits hypothalamic leptin receptor signaling and regulates body weight in vivo. FASEB J 2019; 33:5101-5111. [PMID: 30615487 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800860rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how body weight is regulated at the molecular level is essential for treating obesity. We show that female mice genetically lacking protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) receptor type α (PTPRA) exhibit reduced weight and adiposity and increased energy expenditure, and are more resistant to diet-induced obesity than matched wild-type control mice. These mice also exhibit reduced levels of circulating leptin and are leptin hypersensitive, suggesting that PTPRA inhibits leptin signaling in the hypothalamus. Male and female PTPRA-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet were leaner and displayed increased metabolic rates and lower circulating leptin levels, indicating that the effects of loss of PTPRA persist in the obese state. Molecularly, PTPRA down-regulates leptin receptor signaling by dephosphorylating the receptor-associated kinase JAK2, with which the phosphatase associates constitutively. In contrast to the closely related tyrosine phosphatase ε, leptin induces only weak phosphorylation of PTPRA at its C-terminal regulatory site Y789, and this does not affect the activity of PTPRA toward JAK2. PTPRA is therefore an inhibitor of hypothalamic leptin signaling in vivo and may prevent premature activation of leptin signaling, as well as return signaling to baseline after exposure to leptin.-Cohen-Sharir, Y., Kuperman, Y., Apelblat, D., den Hertog, J., Spiegel, I., Knobler, H., Elson, A. Protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha inhibits hypothalamic leptin receptor signaling and regulates body weight in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Cohen-Sharir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Kuperman
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniella Apelblat
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jeroen den Hertog
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Ivo Spiegel
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hilla Knobler
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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The effect of copy number variations in chromosome 16p on body weight in patients with intellectual disability. J Hum Genet 2018; 64:221-231. [PMID: 30518945 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Syndromic monogenic obesity is a rare and severe early-onset form of obesity. It is characterized by intellectual disability, congenital malformations, and/or dysmorphic facies. The diagnosis of patients is challenging due to the genetic heterogenicity of this condition. However, the use of microarray technology in combination with public databases has been successful on genotype-phenotype correlations, especially for body mass index (BMI) alteration. In this study, the relationship between copy number variations (CNVs) detected by microarray mapping on 16p region and BMI alterations in syndromic patients were assessed. In order to achieve this goal, 680 unrelated Spanish children with intellectual disability were included. 16p region was characterized by using microarray platforms. All detected variants were classified as: (I) one previously non-described 10-Mb duplication in 16p13.2p12.3 region considered causal of intellectual disability and severe overweight, and (II) eleven 16p11.2 CNVs of low prevalence but with recurrence in syndromic patients with severe BMI alteration (nine proximal and two distal). Proximal 16p11.2 CNVs have a dose-dependent effect: underweight in carriers of duplication and obesity in carriers of deletion. KCTD13 was identified as a possible candidate gene for BMI alteration on proximal syndromes, whereas SH2B1 gene was identified as candidate for distal syndromes. The results shown in this paper suggest that syndromic patients could constitute a reliable model to evaluate hypothalamic satiety and obesity disorders as well as generate a wide expectation for primary prevention of comorbidities. Furthermore, 16p13.2p12.3 showed to be an important region on the regulation of body fatness.
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Insights into leptin signaling and male reproductive health: the missing link between overweight and subfertility? Biochem J 2018; 475:3535-3560. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity stands as one of the greatest healthcare challenges of the 21st century. Obesity in reproductive-age men is ever more frequent and is reaching upsetting levels. At the same time, fertility has taken an inverse direction and is decreasing, leading to an increased demand for fertility treatments. In half of infertile couples, there is a male factor alone or combined with a female factor. Furthermore, male fertility parameters such as sperm count and concentration went on a downward spiral during the last few decades and are now approaching the minimum levels established to achieve successful fertilization. Hence, the hypothesis that obesity and deleterious effects in male reproductive health, as reflected in deterioration of sperm parameters, are somehow related is tempting. Most often, overweight and obese individuals present leptin levels directly proportional to the increased fat mass. Leptin, besides the well-described central hypothalamic effects, also acts in several peripheral organs, including the testes, thus highlighting a possible regulatory role in male reproductive function. In the last years, research focusing on leptin effects in male reproductive function has unveiled additional roles and molecular mechanisms of action for this hormone at the testicular level. Herein, we summarize the novel molecular signals linking metabolism and male reproductive function with a focus on leptin signaling, mitochondria and relevant pathways for the nutritional support of spermatogenesis.
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Liu BL, Cheng M, Hu S, Wang S, Wang L, Tu X, Huang CX, Jiang H, Wu G. Overexpression of miR-142-3p improves mitochondrial function in cardiac hypertrophy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1347-1356. [PMID: 30372837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Our previous studies have shown that Src homology 2 (SH2) B adaptor protein 1 (SH2B1) plays an important role in cardiac hypertrophy, but the specific mechanism remains to be studied. Through bioinformatics and related research, it is found that miR-14 2-3 p is closely related to SH2B1. Exploring the relationship between miR-14 2-3 p and gene SH2B1 expression is beneficial for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy. SH2B1 is a key factor regulating energy metabolism, mitochondria are the main organelles of energy metabolism and cardiac hypertrophy are closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. So it is particularly important to explore the relationship between miR-14 2-3 p and SH2B1 and myocardial mitochondrial function. In this study, we investigated whether overexpression of miR-14 2-3 p can inhibit the expression of gene SH2B1, ameliorate cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS We first constructed a pressure overload myocardial hypertrophy model by ligation of the abdominal aorta(AB) of rats. After 4 weeks of modeling, echocardiographic examination showed that the heart volume of the model group became larger, and Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining Kit (HE) staining showed that the cross-sectional area of the heart tissue became larger. The expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), β-Myosin Heavy Chain (β-MHC) messenger RNA (mRNA) increased by real‑time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which proved that the model of cardiac hypertrophy was successfully constructed. Then, miR-14 2-3 p agomir was injected into the tail vein of rats 2 weeks and 4 weeks respectively. The expression of miR-4 2-3 p mRNA was increased by PCR, suggesting that the miR-14 2-3 p plasmid was successfully transfected. At 4 weeks of pressure overload myocardial hypertrophy model, echocardiography was used to detect cardiac function. HE staining of heart tissue and the expression of ANP, BNP, β-MHC mRNA were used to detect cardiac hypertrophy. Flow cytometry was used to detect changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Secondly, we observed the effect of miR-14 2-3 p on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and mitochondrial function in vitro by culture neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Afterwards, using angiotensin (Ang)II-, miRNA mimic- and miRNA mimic nc- treated cardiomyocytes for a given time. α-actin staining found that the myocardial cells became larger, The expression of ANP, BNP, β-MHC mRNA increased by PCR, which proved that AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy was successfully constructed. Then, the mitochondrial density was measured using mitochondrial Mito-Red staining by Confocal microscope, the mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated using flow cytometry, Mitochondrial respiration oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured by a Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer XF96, and the expression levels of miR-14 2-3 p, ANP, BNP, β-MHC mRNA, SH2B1 in the cardiomyocytes of different groups were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Finally, we used luciferase assay and transfected miR-14 2-3 p agomir in rats, transfected miR-14 2-3 p mimic in Cardiomyocytes, it is found that myocardial SH2B1 mRNA and protein expression both were reduced. RESULTS When the pressure overload myocardial hypertrophy model was constructed for four weeks, echocardiography revealed that the heart volume, Left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVIDd), Left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVIDs), Left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWd), Systolic left ventricular posterior wall (LVPWs), Left ventricle (LV) Mass increased, Ejection fraction (EF) % decreased of AB group increased, but transfected with miR-14 2-3 p agomir of AB, these increase was not significant, EF% reduction was not obvious. HE staining showed that the myocardial cross-sectional area of AB group increased significantly, but the miR-14 2-3 p agomir treatment of AB group did not increase significantly. PCR analysis showed that the expression of ANP, BNP,β-MHC mRNA was significantly increased in AB group, but the miR-14 2-3 p agomir treatment of AB group was not significantly increased. Flow cytometry showed that the mitochondrial membrane potential of AB group was significantly reduced, and the miR-14 2-3 p agomir treatment of AB group was not significantly decreased. During AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, ANP, BNP,β-MHC mRNA expression was increased, while these factors was not significantly increased in miR-14 2-3 p mimic treatment group; mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial density and OCR was significantly decreased in AngII treated group, and these were not significantly reduced in miR-14 2-3 p mimic treatment group; CONCLUSIONS: miR-14 2-3 p not only mitigate cardiac hypertrophy by directly inhibit the expression of gene SH2B1, but also can protect mitochondrial function in cardiac hypertrophy of vitro and vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Lei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
| | - Mian Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
| | - Xin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Cong-Xin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Department of Cardiology, Ezhou Hospital, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Ezhou, Hubei 436000, China.
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Yuan J, Zeng L, Sun Y, Wang N, Sun Q, Cheng Z, Wang Y. SH2B1 protects against OGD/R‑induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2613-2620. [PMID: 30015896 PMCID: PMC6102733 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis acts as the primary pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Prior studies have revealed the effects of src homology 2 (SH2)B adaptor protein 1 (SH2B1) in myocardial infarction; however, involvement of SH2B1 in cerebral I/R injury and the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. In the present study, neural-like PC12 cells underwent 6 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by 24 h of reoxygenation (OGD/R). PC12 cells were pre-transfected with an adenovirus encoding for SH2B1 or GFP prior to exposure to OGD/R. Cell viability, LDH release and the apoptotic cascade were investigated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were employed to analyze mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. The results of the present study revealed that OGD/R reduced SH2B1 expression in PC12 cells, accompanied by suppressed cell viability and enhanced cell death. Adenovirus-mediated SH2B1 overexpression, however, resulted in increased viability, reduced LDH release and a reduction in the expression levels of proteins associated with the apoptotic cascade in PC12 cells under the OGD/R condition. A mechanistic explanation may be that the positive effects of SH2B1 on neurons were in part derived from the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, abolishment of JAK2/STAT3 signaling using a pharmacological inhibitor suppressed the inhibitory effects of SH2B1 under the OGD/R condition. The results of the present study suggested that SH2B1 may protect PC12 cells from OGD/R injury partially by the JAK2/STAT3-dependent inhibition of apoptosis and may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Ren‑Min Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yanpeng Sun
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yunfu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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A Genomewide Integrative Analysis of GWAS and eQTLs Data Identifies Multiple Genes and Gene Sets Associated with Obesity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3848560. [PMID: 29854750 PMCID: PMC5964558 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3848560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
To identify novel susceptibility genes and gene sets for obesity, we conducted a genomewide expression association analysis of obesity via integrating genomewide association study (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) data. GWAS summary data of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was driven from a published study, totally involving 339,224 individuals. The eQTLs dataset (containing 927,753 eQTLs) was obtained from eQTLs meta-analysis of 5,311 subjects. Integrative analysis of GWAS and eQTLs data was conducted by SMR software. The SMR single gene analysis results were further subjected to gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for identifying obesity associated gene sets. A total of 13,311 annotated gene sets were analyzed in this study. SMR single gene analysis identified 20 BMI associated genes (TUFM, SPI1, APOB48R, etc.). Also 3 WHR associated genes were detected (CPEB4, WARS2, and L3MBTL3). The significant association between Chr16p11 and BMI was observed by GSEA (FDR adjusted p value = 0.040). The TGCTGCT, MIR-15A, MIR-16, MIR-15B, MIR-195, MIR-424, and MIR-497 (FDR adjusted p value = 0.049) gene set appeared to be linked with WHR. Our results provide novel clues for the genetic mechanism studies of obesity. This study also illustrated the good performance of SMR for susceptibility gene mapping.
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Liu B, Li F, Zhao HP, Chen JB, Li YP, Yu HH. Circulating SH2B1 is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7305-7311. [PMID: 29849792 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of cancer in humans and the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Identifying novel risk factors will facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat GC. Increased expression of the Src homology 2 B adaptor protein 1 (SH2B1) may stimulate the malignant progression of lung cancer, esophageal cancer and neuroblastoma. However, its function in GC has not yet been investigated. To identify whether increased serum SH2B1 is a risk factor for GC, the present study performed a nested case-control study of patients within the Chinese cohort study. Levels of serum SH2B1 were measured in 563 patients diagnosed with GC during the follow-up period and in 1,126 matched healthy controls. The results demonstrated that high levels of serum SH2B1 were associated with an increased GC risk (odds ratio, 3.23; 95% confidence interval, 2.45-5.65). When analyses were stratified further by sex, age and smoking, an association between increased levels of SH2B1 and GC was identified in males but not in females. Furthermore, the association between SH2B1 levels and GC was more evident in younger than in older participants, and statistically significant in current smokers but not in nonsmokers. These results were not altered following the exclusion of outliers. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that overexpression of SH2B1 contributes to the malignant transformation of normal gastric epithelial cells. Thus, the present study demonstrated that elevated serum SH2B1 levels may increase the risk of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Peng Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Bo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Peng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Hua Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Abstract
Heart diseases are major causes of mortality. Cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction (MI), viral cardiomyopathy, ischemic and reperfusion (I/R) heart injury finally lead to heart failure and death. Insulin and IGF1 signal pathways play key roles in normal cardiomyocyte growth and physiological cardiac hypertrophy while inflammatory signal pathway is associated with pathological cardiac hypertrophy, MI, viral cardiomyopathy, I/R heart injury, and heart failure. Adapter proteins are the major family proteins, which transduce signals from insulin, IGF1, or cytokine receptors to the downstream pathways and have been shown to regulate variety of heart diseases. Here, we summarized the recent advances in understanding the physiological and pathological roles of adapter proteins in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- Cardiovascular Center, 305 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Linna Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Yuntian Li
- Cardiovascular Center, 305 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Chengyun Song
- Cardiovascular Center, 305 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
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Phosphorylation of the Unique C-Terminal Tail of the Alpha Isoform of the Scaffold Protein SH2B1 Controls the Ability of SH2B1α To Enhance Nerve Growth Factor Function. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00277-17. [PMID: 29229648 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00277-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffold protein SH2B1, a major regulator of body weight, is recruited to the receptors of multiple cytokines and growth factors, including nerve growth factor (NGF). The β isoform but not the α isoform of SH2B1 greatly enhances NGF-dependent neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Here, we asked how the unique C-terminal tails of the α and β isoforms modulate SH2B1 function. We compared the actions of SH2B1α and SH2B1β to those of the N-terminal 631 amino acids shared by both isoforms. In contrast to the β tail, the α tail inhibited the ability of SH2B1 to both cycle through the nucleus and enhance NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth, gene expression, phosphorylation of Akt and phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-γ), and autophosphorylation of the NGF receptor TrkA. These functions were restored when Tyr753 in the α tail was mutated to phenylalanine. We provide evidence that TrkA phosphorylates Tyr753 in SH2B1α, as well as tyrosines 439 and 55 in both SH2B1α and SH2B1β. Finally, coexpression of SH2B1α but not SH2B1α with a mutation of Y to F at position 753 (Y753F) inhibited the ability of SH2B1β to enhance neurite outgrowth. These results suggest that the C-terminal tails of SH2B1 isoforms are key determinants of the cellular role of SH2B1. Furthermore, the function of SH2B1α is regulated by phosphorylation of the α tail.
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Shen Y, Xia Y, Meng S, Lim NKH, Wang W, Huang F. SH2B1 is Involved in the Accumulation of Amyloid-β42 in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:835-847. [PMID: 27802221 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by deficits in learning and memory abilities, as well as pathological changes of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation in the brain. Insulin has been identified as a modulator of the neuronal pathways involved in learning and memory, and is also implicated as a modulator of Aβ and tau metabolism. Disrupted insulin signaling pathways are evident in AD patients and it is understood that type 2 diabetes can increase the risk of developing AD, suggesting a possible link between metabolic disorders and neurodegeneration. SH2B1 is a key protein in the insulin signaling pathway involved in regulating the activity of the insulin receptor. To further identify the role of the insulin signaling pathway in the pathology of AD, SH2B (dSH2B homologue in flies) in neurons was partially knocked out or overexpressed in an AD Drosophila model expressing Aβ42. Partial knockout of neuronal SH2B in the Aβ42-expressing Drosophila had a detrimental effect on mobility and neurotransmission, and increased levels and intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ42, as assessed by ELISA and immunostaining. Alternatively, partial overexpression of neuronal SH2B in the Aβ42-expressing Drosophila improved lifespan, mobility, and neurotransmission, as well as decreased levels and intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ42. Thus, SH2B1 may be an upstream modulator of Aβ metabolism, acting to inhibit Aβ accumulation, and has a role in the pathogenesis of AD. SH2B1 may therefore have potential as a therapeutic target for this common form of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiling Xia
- Department of Neurology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiquan Meng
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nastasia K H Lim
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Xin Hua Hospital Chongming Branch Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fude Huang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Jiang L, Su H, Keogh JM, Chen Z, Henning E, Wilkinson P, Goodyer I, Farooqi IS, Rui L. Neural deletion of Sh2b1 results in brain growth retardation and reactive aggression. FASEB J 2018; 32:1830-1840. [PMID: 29180441 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700831r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are associated with aberrant brain development and/or aggressive behavior and are influenced by genetic factors; however, genes that affect brain aggression circuits remain elusive. Here, we show that neuronal Src-homology-2 (SH2)B adaptor protein-1 ( Sh2b1) is indispensable for both brain growth and protection against aggression. Global and brain-specific deletion of Sh2b1 decreased brain weight and increased aggressive behavior. Global and brain-specific Sh2b1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited fatal, intermale aggression. In a resident-intruder paradigm, latency to attack was markedly reduced, whereas the number and the duration of attacks was significantly increased in global and brain-specific Sh2b1 KO mice compared with wild-type littermates. Consistently, core aggression circuits were activated to a higher level in global and brain-specific Sh2b1 KO males, based on c-fos immunoreactivity in the amygdala and periaqueductal gray. Brain-specific restoration of Sh2b1 normalized brain size and reversed pathologic aggression and aberrant activation of core aggression circuits in Sh2b1 KO males. SH2B1 mutations in humans were linked to aberrant brain development and behavior. At the molecular level, Sh2b1 enhanced neurotrophin-stimulated neuronal differentiation and protected against oxidative stress-induced neuronal death. Our data suggest that neuronal Sh2b1 promotes brain development and the integrity of core aggression circuits, likely through enhancing neurotrophin signaling.-Jiang, L., Su, H., Keogh, J. M., Chen, Z., Henning, E., Wilkinson, P., Goodyer, I., Farooqi, I. S., Rui, L. Neural deletion of Sh2b1 results in brain growth retardation and reactive aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Haoran Su
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Julia M Keogh
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elana Henning
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Psychiatry, Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdomand.,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ian Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdomand.,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Giuranna J, Volckmar AL, Heinen A, Peters T, Schmidt B, Spieker A, Straub H, Grallert H, Müller TD, Antel J, Haußmann U, Klafki H, Liangyou R, Hebebrand J, Hinney A. The Effect of SH2B1 Variants on Expression of Leptin- and Insulin-Induced Pathways in Murine Hypothalamus. Obes Facts 2018; 11:93-108. [PMID: 29631267 PMCID: PMC5981666 DOI: 10.1159/000486962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the effect of human SH2B1 variants on leptin and insulin signaling, major regulators of energy homeostasis, on the RNA level. METHODS We analyzed the expression of infrequent alleles of seven SH2B1 variants (Arg67Cys, Lys150Arg, Thr175Ala, Thr343Met, Thr484Ala, Ser616Pro and Pro689Leu) in response to insulin or leptin cell stimulation. Two of these were identified in own mutation screens, the others were predicted to be deleterious or to serve as controls. The variants were analyzed in a homologous system of mouse hypothalamic cells. Changes in expression of downstream genes were measured. Student’s t-test for independent samples was applied and effect sizes using Cohen’s d were calculated. RESULTS In 34 of 54 analyzed genes involved in leptin (JAK/STAT or AKT) signaling, variants nominally changed expression. The expression of three genes was considerably increased (p values ≤ 0.001: Gbp2b (67Cys; d = 25.11), Irf9 (689Leu; d = 44.65) and Isg15 (150Arg; d = 20.35)). Of 32 analyzed genes in the insulin signaling pathway, the expression of 10 genes nominally changed (p ≤ 0.05), three resulted in p values ≤ 0.01 ( Cap1 (150Arg; d = 7.48), Mapk1 (343Met; d = –6.80) and Sorbs1 (689Leu; d = 7.82)). CONCLUSION The increased expression of genes in leptin (JAK/STAT or AKT) signaling implies that the main mode of action for human SH2B1 mutations might affect leptin signaling rather than insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Giuranna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Volckmar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Heinen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Spieker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Helena Straub
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo D. Müller
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ute Haußmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans Klafki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rui Liangyou
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Prof. Dr. Anke Hinney, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstraße 21, 45147 Essen, Germany,
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Loviglio MN, Arbogast T, Jønch AE, Collins SC, Popadin K, Bonnet CS, Giannuzzi G, Maillard AM, Jacquemont S, Yalcin B, Katsanis N, Golzio C, Reymond A. The Immune Signaling Adaptor LAT Contributes to the Neuroanatomical Phenotype of 16p11.2 BP2-BP3 CNVs. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:564-577. [PMID: 28965845 PMCID: PMC5630231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy-number changes in 16p11.2 contribute significantly to neuropsychiatric traits. Besides the 600 kb BP4-BP5 CNV found in 0.5%-1% of individuals with autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia and whose rearrangement causes reciprocal defects in head size and body weight, a second distal 220 kb BP2-BP3 CNV is likewise a potent driver of neuropsychiatric, anatomical, and metabolic pathologies. These two CNVs are engaged in complex reciprocal chromatin looping, intimating a functional relationship between genes in these regions that might be relevant to pathomechanism. We assessed the drivers of the distal 16p11.2 duplication by overexpressing each of the nine encompassed genes in zebrafish. Only overexpression of LAT induced a reduction of brain proliferating cells and concomitant microcephaly. Consistently, suppression of the zebrafish ortholog induced an increase of proliferation and macrocephaly. These phenotypes were not unique to zebrafish; Lat knockout mice show brain volumetric changes. Consistent with the hypothesis that LAT dosage is relevant to the CNV pathology, we observed similar effects upon overexpression of CD247 and ZAP70, encoding members of the LAT signalosome. We also evaluated whether LAT was interacting with KCTD13, MVP, and MAPK3, major driver and modifiers of the proximal 16p11.2 600 kb BP4-BP5 syndromes, respectively. Co-injected embryos exhibited an increased microcephaly, suggesting the presence of genetic interaction. Correspondingly, carriers of 1.7 Mb BP1-BP5 rearrangements that encompass both the BP2-BP3 and BP4-BP5 loci showed more severe phenotypes. Taken together, our results suggest that LAT, besides its well-recognized function in T cell development, is a major contributor of the 16p11.2 220 kb BP2-BP3 CNV-associated neurodevelopmental phenotypes.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Autistic Disorder/genetics
- Autistic Disorder/immunology
- Autistic Disorder/pathology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Disorders/genetics
- Chromosome Disorders/immunology
- Chromosome Disorders/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/immunology
- Cohort Studies
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Humans
- Infant
- Intellectual Disability/genetics
- Intellectual Disability/immunology
- Intellectual Disability/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microcephaly/genetics
- Microcephaly/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Phenotype
- Phosphoproteins/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Young Adult
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nicla Loviglio
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Arbogast
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Aia Elise Jønch
- Service of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan C Collins
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964; Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Konstantin Popadin
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 A. Nevskogo ul., Kaliningrad 236041, Russia
| | - Camille S Bonnet
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Giuliana Giannuzzi
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne M Maillard
- Service of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Service of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Binnaz Yalcin
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964; Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Christelle Golzio
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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PTPRJ Inhibits Leptin Signaling, and Induction of PTPRJ in the Hypothalamus Is a Cause of the Development of Leptin Resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11627. [PMID: 28912580 PMCID: PMC5599550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin signaling in the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the regulation of body weight. Leptin resistance, in which leptin signaling is disrupted, is a major obstacle to the improvement of obesity. We herein demonstrated that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J (Ptprj) is expressed in hypothalamic neurons together with leptin receptors, and that PTPRJ negatively regulates leptin signaling by inhibiting the activation of JAK2, the primary tyrosine kinase in leptin signaling, through the dephosphorylation of Y813 and Y868 in JAK2 autophosphorylation sites. Leptin signaling is enhanced in Ptprj-deficient mice, and they exhibit lower weight gain than wild-type mice because of a reduced food intake. Diet-induced obesity and the leptin treatment up-regulated PTPRJ expression in the hypothalamus, while the overexpression of PTPRJ induced leptin resistance. Thus, the induction of PTPRJ is a factor contributing to the development of leptin resistance, and the inhibition of PTPRJ may be a potential strategy for improving obesity.
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Association of variants in SH2B1 and RABEP1 with worsening of low-density lipoprotein and glucose parameters in patients treated with psychotropic drugs. Gene 2017; 628:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chromosomal contacts connect loci associated with autism, BMI and head circumference phenotypes. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:836-849. [PMID: 27240531 PMCID: PMC5508252 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) are major contributors to genomic imbalance disorders. Phenotyping of 137 unrelated deletion and reciprocal duplication carriers of the distal 16p11.2 220 kb BP2-BP3 interval showed that these rearrangements are associated with autism spectrum disorders and mirror phenotypes of obesity/underweight and macrocephaly/microcephaly. Such phenotypes were previously associated with rearrangements of the non-overlapping proximal 16p11.2 600 kb BP4-BP5 interval. These two CNV-prone regions at 16p11.2 are reciprocally engaged in complex chromatin looping, as successfully confirmed by 4C-seq, fluorescence in situ hybridization and Hi-C, as well as coordinated expression and regulation of encompassed genes. We observed that genes differentially expressed in 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 CNV carriers are concomitantly modified in their chromatin interactions, suggesting that disruption of chromatin interplays could participate in the observed phenotypes. We also identified cis- and trans-acting chromatin contacts to other genomic regions previously associated with analogous phenotypes. For example, we uncovered that individuals with reciprocal rearrangements of the trans-contacted 2p15 locus similarly display mirror phenotypes on head circumference and weight. Our results indicate that chromosomal contacts' maps could uncover functionally and clinically related genes.
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Ramos-Lobo AM, Donato J. The role of leptin in health and disease. Temperature (Austin) 2017; 4:258-291. [PMID: 28944270 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2017.1327003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a master regulator of energy balance and body adiposity. Additionally, leptin exerts important control on glucose homeostasis, thermogenesis, autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine axes. In metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, leptin signaling may be compromised, indicating the important role of this hormone in the etiology and pathophysiological manifestations of these conditions. In the present manuscript, we reviewed important concepts of leptin signaling, as well as about the effects of leptin on several biologic functions. We also discussed the possible therapeutic use of leptin administration and how our current obesogenic environment contributes to the development of leptin resistance. Our objective was to provide a comprehensive and state-of-the-art review about the importance of leptin to maintain the homeostasis and during pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Ramos-Lobo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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