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Papasavvas E, Lu L, Fair M, Oliva I, Cassel J, Majumdar S, Mounzer K, Kostman JR, Tebas P, Bar-Or A, Muthumani K, Montaner LJ. Cloning and functional characterization of novel human neutralizing anti-interferon-alpha and anti-interferon-beta antibodies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.05.591636. [PMID: 38746170 PMCID: PMC11092762 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.05.591636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) play a pivotal role in immune response modulation, yet dysregulation is implicated in various disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to develop tools that facilitate the understanding of their mechanism of action and enable the development of more effective anti-IFN therapeutic strategies. In this study, we isolated, cloned, and characterized anti-IFN-α and anti-IFN-β antibodies (Abs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals treated with IFN-α or IFN-β, harboring confirmed neutralizing Abs. Clones AH07856 and AH07857 were identified as neutralizing anti-IFN-α-specific with inhibition against IFN-α2a, -α2b, and -αK subtypes. Clones AH07859 and AH07866 were identified as neutralizing anti-IFN-β1a-specific signaling, and able to block Lipopolysaccharide or S100 calcium binding protein A14-induced IFN-β signaling effects. Cloned Abs bind rhesus but not murine IFNs. The specificity of inhibition between IFN-α and IFN-β suggests potential for diverse research and clinical applications.
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2
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Liu J, Chu M, Kuang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Xia Y, Sun Y, Liu X, Li J, Li J, Zhu T. Molecular evolution and expression patterns of myxovirus resistance proteins in Lampetra japonica. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:490-493. [PMID: 38400631 PMCID: PMC10984849 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhao Liu
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Lamprey Research CenterLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116081China
| | - Meiyao Chu
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Lamprey Research CenterLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116081China
| | - Jiahui Kuang
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
| | - Xinran Wang
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Lamprey Research CenterLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116081China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Lamprey Research CenterLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116081China
| | - Lutian Wang
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Lamprey Research CenterLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116081China
| | - Yimeng Xia
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Lamprey Research CenterLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116081China
| | - Yifan Sun
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Lamprey Research CenterLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116081China
| | - Ting Zhu
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Lamprey Research CenterLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian116081China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116081China
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Ahmed K, Jha S. Oncoviruses: How do they hijack their host and current treatment regimes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188960. [PMID: 37507056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have the ability to modulate the cellular machinery of their host to ensure their survival. While humans encounter numerous viruses daily, only a select few can lead to disease progression. Some of these viruses can amplify cancer-related traits, particularly when coupled with factors like immunosuppression and co-carcinogens. The global burden of cancer development resulting from viral infections is approximately 12%, and it arises as an unfortunate consequence of persistent infections that cause chronic inflammation, genomic instability from viral genome integration, and dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes and host oncogenes involved in normal cell growth. This review provides an in-depth discussion of oncoviruses and their strategies for hijacking the host's cellular machinery to induce cancer. It delves into how viral oncogenes drive tumorigenesis by targeting key cell signaling pathways. Additionally, the review discusses current therapeutic approaches that have been approved or are undergoing clinical trials to combat malignancies induced by oncoviruses. Understanding the intricate interactions between viruses and host cells can lead to the development of more effective treatments for virus-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainat Ahmed
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Sudhakar Jha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Suslov A, Heim MH, Wieland S. Studying Hepatitis Virus-Host Interactions in Patient Liver Biopsies. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112490. [PMID: 36366588 PMCID: PMC9699472 DOI: 10.3390/v14112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major contributor to human suffering and the associated socioeconomic burden worldwide. A better understanding of human pathogen-host interactions is a prerequisite for the development of treatment strategies aimed at combatting human pathogen-induced diseases. Model systems that faithfully recapitulate the pathogen-host interactions in humans are critical to gain meaningful insight. Unfortunately, such model systems are not yet available for a number of pathogens. The strict tropism of the hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses for the human liver has made it difficult to study their virus-host interactions during the natural history of these infections. In this case, surplus liver biopsy tissue donated by patients provides an opportunity to obtain a snapshot of the phenomenological and molecular aspects of the human liver of chronically HCV or HBV-infected patients. In this review, we will briefly summarize our own efforts over the years to advance our knowledge of the virus-host interactions during the natural history of chronic HCV and HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Suslov
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus H. Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Wieland
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Interferon Signaling-Dependent Contribution of Glycolysis to Rubella Virus Infection. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050537. [PMID: 35631058 PMCID: PMC9146913 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are an essential part of innate immunity and contribute to adaptive immune responses. Here, we employed a loss-of-function analysis with human A549 respiratory epithelial cells with a knockout (KO) of the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR KO), either solely or together with the receptor of type III IFN (IFNAR/IFNLR1 KO). The course of rubella virus (RuV) infection on the IFNAR KO A549 cells was comparable to the control A549. However, on the IFNAR/IFNLR1 KO A549 cells, both genome replication and the synthesis of viral proteins were significantly enhanced. The generation of IFN β during RuV infection was influenced by type III IFN signaling. In contrast to IFNAR KO A549, extracellular IFN β was not detected on IFNAR/IFNLR1 KO A549. The bioenergetic profile of RuV-infected IFNAR/IFNLR1 KO A549 cells generated by extracellular flux analysis revealed a significant increase in glycolysis, whereas mitochondrial respiration was comparable between all three cell types. Moreover, the application of the glucose analogue 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) significantly increased viral protein synthesis in control A549 cells, while no effect was noted on IFNAR/IFNLR KO A549. In conclusion, we identified a positive signaling circuit of type III IFN signaling on the generation of IFN β during RuV infection and an IFN signaling-dependent contribution of glycolysis to RuV infection. This study on epithelial A549 cells emphasizes the interaction between glycolysis and antiviral IFN signaling and notably, the antiviral activity of type III IFNs against RuV infection, especially in the absence of both type I and III IFN signaling, the RuV replication cycle was enhanced.
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Avian Metapneumovirus Subgroup C Induces Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein Degradation through the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101990. [PMID: 34696420 PMCID: PMC8537000 DOI: 10.3390/v13101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein, a critical adapter, links the upstream recognition of viral RNA to downstream antiviral signal transduction. However, the interaction mechanism between avian metapneumovirus subgroup C (aMPV/C) infection and MAVS remains unclear. Here, we confirmed that aMPV/C infection induced a reduction in MAVS expression in Vero cells in a dose-dependent manner, and active aMPV/C replication was required for MAVS decrease. We also found that the reduction in MAVS occurred at the post-translational level rather than at the transcriptional level. Different inhibitors were used to examine the effect of proteasome or autophagy on the regulation of MAVS. Treatment with a proteasome inhibitor MG132 effectively blocked MAVS degradation. Moreover, we demonstrated that MAVS mainly underwent K48-linked ubiquitination in the presence of MG132 in aMPV/C-infected cells, with amino acids 363, 462, and 501 of MAVS being pivotal sites in the formation of polyubiquitin chains. Finally, E3 ubiquitin ligases for MAVS degradation were screened and identified and RNF5 targeting MAVS at Lysine 363 and 462 was shown to involve in MAVS degradation in aMPV/C-infected Vero cells. Overall, these results reveal the molecular mechanism underlying aMPV/C infection-induced MAVS degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
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Lu H, Yi W, Sun F, Zeng Z, Zhang L, Li M, Xie Y. Comprehensive investigation of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma and choice of anti-HBV therapy. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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8
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Goh ZY, Ren EC, Ko HL. Intracellular interferon signalling pathways as potential regulators of covalently closed circular DNA in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1369-1391. [PMID: 33911462 PMCID: PMC8047536 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i14.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still a major global health threat as 250 million people worldwide continue to be chronically infected with the virus. While patients may be treated with nucleoside/nucleotide analogues, this only suppresses HBV titre to sub-detection levels without eliminating the persistent HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) genome. As a result, HBV infection cannot be cured, and the virus reactivates when conditions are favorable. Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines known to induce powerful antiviral mechanisms that clear viruses from infected cells. They have been shown to induce cccDNA clearance, but their use in the treatment of HBV infection is limited as HBV-targeting immune cells are exhausted and HBV has evolved multiple mechanisms to evade and suppress IFN signalling. Thus, to fully utilize IFN-mediated intracellular mechanisms to effectively eliminate HBV, instead of direct IFN administration, novel strategies to sustain IFN-mediated anti-cccDNA and antiviral mechanisms need to be developed. This review will consolidate what is known about how IFNs act to achieve its intracellular antiviral effects and highlight the critical interferon-stimulated gene targets and effector mechanisms with potent anti-cccDNA functions. These include cccDNA degradation by APOBECs and cccDNA silencing and transcription repression by epigenetic modifications. In addition, the mechanisms that HBV employs to disrupt IFN signalling will be discussed. Drugs that have been developed or are in the pipeline for components of the IFN signalling pathway and HBV targets that detract IFN signalling mechanisms will also be identified and discussed for utility in the treatment of HBV infections. Together, these will provide useful insights into design strategies that specifically target cccDNA for the eradication of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yi Goh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Ee Chee Ren
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Hui Ling Ko
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
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Kawashima K, Isogawa M, Onishi M, Baudi I, Saito S, Nakajima A, Fujita T, Tanaka Y. Restoration of type I interferon signaling in intrahepatically primed CD8+ T cells promotes functional differentiation. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145761. [PMID: 33400688 PMCID: PMC7934883 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus–specific (HBV-specific) CD8+ T cells fail to acquire effector functions after priming in the liver, but the molecular basis for the dysfunction is poorly understood. By comparing the gene expression profile of intrahepatically primed, dysfunctional HBV-specific CD8+ T cells with that of systemically primed, functional effector counterparts, we found that the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) is selectively suppressed in the dysfunctional CD8+ T cells. The ISG suppression was associated with impaired phosphorylation of STAT1 in response to IFN-α treatment. Importantly, a strong induction of type I interferons (IFN-Is) in the liver facilitated the functional differentiation of intrahepatically primed HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in association with the restoration of ISGs’ expression in the T cells. These results suggest that intrahepatic priming suppresses IFN-I signaling in CD8+ T cells, which may contribute to the dysfunction. The data also suggest a therapeutic value of the robust induction of intrahepatic IFN-Is for the treatment of chronic HBV infection. Functional defects of hepatitis B virus–specific CD8+ T cells correlate with impairment of type I interferon signaling after intrahepatic priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Onishi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ian Baudi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, and.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Chen J, Li Y, Lai F, Wang Y, Sutter K, Dittmer U, Ye J, Zai W, Liu M, Shen F, Wu M, Hu K, Li B, Lu M, Zhang X, Zhang J, Li J, Chen Q, Yuan Z. Functional Comparison of Interferon-α Subtypes Reveals Potent Hepatitis B Virus Suppression by a Concerted Action of Interferon-α and Interferon-γ Signaling. Hepatology 2021; 73:486-502. [PMID: 32333814 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Interferon (IFN)-α, composed of numerous subtypes, plays a crucial role in immune defense. As the most studied subtype, IFN-α2 has been used for treating chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, with advantages of finite treatment duration and sustained virologic response, but its efficacy remains relatively low. This study aimed to screen for IFN-α subtypes with the highest anti-HBV potency and to characterize mechanisms of IFN-α-mediated HBV restriction. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using cell culture-based HBV infection systems and a human-liver chimeric mouse model, IFN-α subtype-mediated antiviral response and signaling activation were comprehensively analyzed. IFN-α14 was identified as the most effective subtype in suppression of HBV covalently closed circular DNA transcription and HBV e antigen/HBV surface antigen production, with median inhibitory concentration values approximately 100-fold lower than those of the conventional IFN-α2. IFN-α14 alone elicited IFN-α and IFN-γ signaling crosstalk in a manner similar to the combined use of IFN-α2 and IFN-γ, inducing multiple potent antiviral effectors, which synergistically restricted HBV replication. Guanylate binding protein 5, one of the most differentially expressed genes between IFN-α14-treated and IFN-α2-treated liver cells, was identified as an HBV restriction factor. A strong IFN-α-IFN-α receptor subunit 1 interaction determines the anti-HBV activity of IFN-α. The in vivo anti-HBV activity of IFN-α14 and treatment-related transcriptional patterns were further confirmed, and few adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS A concerted IFN-α and IFN-γ response in liver, which could be efficiently elicited by IFN-α subtype 14, is associated with potent HBV suppression. These data deepen the understanding of the divergent activities of IFN-α subtypes and the mechanism underlying the synergism between IFN-α and IFN-γ signaling, with implications for improved IFN therapy and HBV curative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yaming Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Fritz Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for VirologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for VirologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Jianyu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenjing Zai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingaporeSingapore
| | - Fang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Min Wu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kongying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Baocun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for VirologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingaporeSingapore
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Chen HW, Chiu YL, Hsieh TY, Chen PJ, Huang TY, Lin HH, Shih YL, Lin JC. Relationships Between Vitamin D Status and Cytokine: Results from Interferon-Based Therapy in Non-Cirrhotic, Treatment-Naïve Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection. J Inflamm Res 2021; 13:1207-1218. [PMID: 33402842 PMCID: PMC7778440 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s283768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D contributes to bone health and extra-skeletal effects. The mechanisms underlying vitamin D metabolism have not been extensively evaluated. The relationships between vitamin D and inflammatory cytokines are debated. Our objective was to investigate whether supplemental interferons are associated with longitudinal change of vitamin D status in humans. Methods A total of 48 patients with 24 or 48 weeks of pegylated interferon-α plus ribavirin therapy were examined for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level before treatment, at the end of treatment, and 24 weeks after treatment. In addition, we analyzed publicly available RNA sequencing data from accession GSE42697 and GSE7123 in the Gene Expression Omnibus. Findings The overall sustained virologic response (SVR) rate was 62.5%. There was no statistically significant association between baseline 25(OH)D concentrations and liver fibrosis. In patients with SVR, serum 25(OH)D increased markedly at end-of-treatment and decreased markedly by the end of the 24-week follow-up period. In the non-SVR group, this treatment-dependent change was lost. In gene expression analysis, the vitamin D biosynthesis process was activated in subjects with SVR, but not in patients without SVR. Furthermore, vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was triggered in marked responders but not in poor responders. Conclusion In the aggregate, these data suggest that interferons have a regulatory influence on vitamin D status that can contribute to VDR signaling in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Wei Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yuan Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Jen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yu Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Hwai Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lueng Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Kok F, Rosenblatt M, Teusel M, Nizharadze T, Gonçalves Magalhães V, Dächert C, Maiwald T, Vlasov A, Wäsch M, Tyufekchieva S, Hoffmann K, Damm G, Seehofer D, Boettler T, Binder M, Timmer J, Schilling M, Klingmüller U. Disentangling molecular mechanisms regulating sensitization of interferon alpha signal transduction. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e8955. [PMID: 32696599 PMCID: PMC7373899 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20198955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tightly interlinked feedback regulators control the dynamics of intracellular responses elicited by the activation of signal transduction pathways. Interferon alpha (IFNα) orchestrates antiviral responses in hepatocytes, yet mechanisms that define pathway sensitization in response to prestimulation with different IFNα doses remained unresolved. We establish, based on quantitative measurements obtained for the hepatoma cell line Huh7.5, an ordinary differential equation model for IFNα signal transduction that comprises the feedback regulators STAT1, STAT2, IRF9, USP18, SOCS1, SOCS3, and IRF2. The model-based analysis shows that, mediated by the signaling proteins STAT2 and IRF9, prestimulation with a low IFNα dose hypersensitizes the pathway. In contrast, prestimulation with a high dose of IFNα leads to a dose-dependent desensitization, mediated by the negative regulators USP18 and SOCS1 that act at the receptor. The analysis of basal protein abundance in primary human hepatocytes reveals high heterogeneity in patient-specific amounts of STAT1, STAT2, IRF9, and USP18. The mathematical modeling approach shows that the basal amount of USP18 determines patient-specific pathway desensitization, while the abundance of STAT2 predicts the patient-specific IFNα signal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Kok
- Division Systems Biology of Signal TransductionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marcus Rosenblatt
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- FDM ‐ Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and ModelingUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Melissa Teusel
- Division Systems Biology of Signal TransductionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Tamar Nizharadze
- Division Systems Biology of Signal TransductionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Vladimir Gonçalves Magalhães
- Research Group “Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response”Division Virus‐Associated CarcinogenesisGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Christopher Dächert
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Research Group “Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response”Division Virus‐Associated CarcinogenesisGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Tim Maiwald
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Artyom Vlasov
- Division Systems Biology of Signal TransductionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marvin Wäsch
- Division Systems Biology of Signal TransductionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Silvana Tyufekchieva
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryRuprecht Karls University HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryRuprecht Karls University HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral TransplantationUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral TransplantationUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine IIUniversity Hospital Freiburg—Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group “Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response”Division Virus‐Associated CarcinogenesisGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- FDM ‐ Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and ModelingUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSSUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA)University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Division Systems Biology of Signal TransductionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal TransductionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
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13
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Chen L, Yao X, Yao H, Ji Q, Ding G, Liu X. Exosomal miR-103-3p from LPS-activated THP-1 macrophage contributes to the activation of hepatic stellate cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:5178-5192. [PMID: 32061112 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902307rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis occurs during chronic hepatic injury and is involved in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activated by several types of immune cells. Among the immune cells, hepatic macrophages and their crosstalk with HSCs play a vital role in all stages of hepatic fibrosis. Exosomes, which are 30-150 nm lipid bilayer vehicles, can transfer specific lipid, nucleic acids, proteins, and other bioactive molecules. Exosomes can act as good communication between macrophages and HSCs. Herein, we investigated the role of exosomes between THP-1 macrophage and HSCs in the progression of liver fibrosis. Exosomes originating from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated THP-1 macrophages promoted HSCs proliferation and induced the increased expression of fibrotic genes. LPS could alter the miRNA profile in exosomes secreted from THP-1 macrophages. The changed miR-103-3p in exosomes could promote HSCs proliferation and activation by targeting Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and it plays important roles in the crosstalk between THP-1 macrophages and HSCs during the progression of liver fibrosis. Moreover, miR-103-3p in serum exosomes from liver fibrosis patients could be a biomarker for liver fibrosis. Therefore, exosomes may have important roles in the crosstalk between macrophage and HSCs in the progression of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Chen
- Central Laboratory of Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingwang Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbing Yao
- The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Qin Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Tao Y, Wu D, Zhou L, Chen E, Liu C, Tang X, Jiang W, Han N, Li H, Tang H. Present and Future Therapies for Chronic Hepatitis B. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1179:137-186. [PMID: 31741336 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9151-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains the leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality across the world. If left untreated, approximately one-third of these patients will progress to severe end-stage liver diseases including liver failure, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). High level of serum HBV DNA is strongly associated with the development of liver failure, cirrhosis, and HCC. Therefore, antiviral therapy is crucial for the clinical management of CHB. Current antiviral drugs including nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NAs) and interferon-α (IFN-α) can suppress HBV replication and reduce the progression of liver disease, thus improving the long-term outcomes of CHB patients. This chapter will discuss the standard and optimization antiviral therapies in treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients, as well as in the special populations. The up-to-date advances in the development of new anti-HBV agents will be also discussed. With the combination of the current antiviral drugs and the newly developed antiviral agents targeting the different steps of the viral life cycle or the newly developed agents modulating the host immune responses, the ultimate eradication of HBV will be achieved in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Tao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongbo Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Enqiang Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changhai Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Han
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Mukiibi R, Vinsky M, Keogh K, Fitzsimmons C, Stothard P, Waters SM, Li C. Liver transcriptome profiling of beef steers with divergent growth rate, feed intake, or metabolic body weight phenotypes1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:4386-4404. [PMID: 31583405 PMCID: PMC6827404 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Average daily gain (ADG) and daily dry matter intake (DMI) are key determinants of beef industry profitability. These traits together with metabolic body weight (MWT) are combined as component traits to calculate residual feed intake (RFI), a common measure of feed efficiency in beef cattle. Recently, there have been significant efforts towards molecular genetic characterization of RFI through transcriptomic studies in different breeds and tissues. However, molecular mechanisms of RFI component traits still remain predominately unexplored. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the hepatic transcriptomic profiles and their associations with ADG, DMI, and MWT in Angus, Charolais, and Kinsella Composite (KC) populations through global RNAseq analyses. In each population and for each trait, 12 steers with extreme phenotypes (n = 6 low and n = 6 high) were analyzed for differential gene expression. These animals were from 20 beef steers of each Angus, Charolais, and KC breed population that were initially selected for a transcriptome study of RFI. At a false discovery rate <0.05 and fold change >1.5, we identified 123, 102, and 78 differentially expressed (DE) genes between high- and low-ADG animals of Angus, Charolais, and KC populations, respectively. For DMI, 108, 180, and 156 DE genes were identified between high- and low-DMI from Angus, Charolais, and KC populations, respectively, while for MWT, 80, 82, and 84 genes were differentially expressed between high- and low-MWT animals in Angus, Charolais, and KC populations, respectively. The identified DE genes were largely breed specific (81.7% for ADG, 82.7% for DMI, and 83% for MWT), but were largely involved in the same biological functions across the breeds. Among the most enriched biological functions included metabolism of major nutrients (lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals), small molecule biochemistry, cellular movement, cell morphology, and cell-to-cell signaling and interaction. Notably, we identified multiple DE genes that are involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, and immune response pathways for the 3 studied traits. Thus, our findings present potential molecular genetic mechanisms and candidate genes that influence feed intake, growth, and MWT of beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mukiibi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Vinsky
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Kate Keogh
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland
| | - Carolyn Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Stothard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland
| | - Changxi Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
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16
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Burke JR, Cheng L, Gillooly KM, Strnad J, Zupa-Fernandez A, Catlett IM, Zhang Y, Heimrich EM, McIntyre KW, Cunningham MD, Carman JA, Zhou X, Banas D, Chaudhry C, Li S, D’Arienzo C, Chimalakonda A, Yang X, Xie JH, Pang J, Zhao Q, Rose SM, Huang J, Moslin RM, Wrobleski ST, Weinstein DS, Salter-Cid LM. Autoimmune pathways in mice and humans are blocked by pharmacological stabilization of the TYK2 pseudokinase domain. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:11/502/eaaw1736. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
TYK2 is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase involved in adaptive and innate immune responses. A deactivating coding variant has previously been shown to prevent receptor-stimulated activation of this kinase and provides high protection from several common autoimmune diseases but without immunodeficiency. An agent that recapitulates the phenotype of this deactivating coding variant may therefore represent an important advancement in the treatment of autoimmunity. BMS-986165 is a potent oral agent that similarly blocks receptor-stimulated activation of TYK2 allosterically and with high selectivity and potency afforded through optimized binding to a regulatory domain of the protein. Signaling and functional responses in human TH17, TH1, B cells, and myeloid cells integral to autoimmunity were blocked by BMS-986165, both in vitro and in vivo in a phase 1 clinical trial. BMS-986165 demonstrated robust efficacy, consistent with blockade of multiple autoimmune pathways, in murine models of lupus nephritis and inflammatory bowel disease, supporting its therapeutic potential for multiple immune-mediated diseases.
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17
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PSTPIP2 connects DNA methylation to macrophage polarization in CCL4-induced mouse model of hepatic fibrosis. Oncogene 2018; 37:6119-6135. [PMID: 29993036 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in the progression of hepatic fibrosis (HF). In macrophages, epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly being recognized as crucial controllers of their phenotype. However, the functions of macrophage DNA methylation in experimental models of hepatic fibrosis have not been fully addressed. Here, we analyzed isolated hepatic macrophages DNA methylation from CCL4-induced (4 weeks) mice using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). We identified and validated the methylation status of 26 gene promoter regions associated with CpG islands. We further investigated the function of PSTPIP2 in HF by hepatic-adeno-associated virus (AAV9)-PSTPIP2 overexpression. The molecular mechanisms underlying PSTPIPS2-regulated HF were further explored in mice and RAW264.7 cell line. RRBS results show hypermethylation of PSTPIP2 (chr18: 77,843,840-77,843,968) in the 5'-UTR region. PSTPIP2 expression was significantly decreased in isolated hepatic macrophages from CCL4-induced mice. PSTPIP2 hypermethylation is mediated by the methyltransferases DNMT3a and DNMT3b in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell line. Further investigation indicated that specific overexpression of PSTPIP2 in C57BL/6 mice reduced the inflammatory response and ameliorated liver fibrosis. These data indicated that hypermethylation of PSTPIP2 caused a mixed induction of hepatic classical macrophage (M1) and alternative macrophage (M2) biomarkers in CCL4-induced HF mice. Furthermore, overexpression of PSTPIP2 inhibited the expression of M1 markers by suppressing STAT1 activity, and enhanced the expression of M2 markers by promoting STAT6 activity. In contrast, knockdown of PSTPIP2 promoted M1 polarization and suppressed M2 polarization in vitro. Adding PSTPIP2 expression alleviates liver fibrosis and hepatic inflammation in mice by regulating macrophage polarization.
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18
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Liu BC, Sarhan J, Panda A, Muendlein HI, Ilyukha V, Coers J, Yamamoto M, Isberg RR, Poltorak A. Constitutive Interferon Maintains GBP Expression Required for Release of Bacterial Components Upstream of Pyroptosis and Anti-DNA Responses. Cell Rep 2018; 24:155-168.e5. [PMID: 29972777 PMCID: PMC6063733 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila elicits caspase-11-driven macrophage pyroptosis through guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) encoded on chromosome 3. It has been proposed that microbe-driven IFN upregulates GBPs to facilitate pathogen vacuole rupture and bacteriolysis preceding caspase-11 activation. We show here that macrophage death occurred independently of microbial-induced IFN signaling and that GBPs are dispensable for pathogen vacuole rupture. Instead, the host-intrinsic IFN status sustained sufficient GBP expression levels to drive caspase-1 and caspase-11 activation in response to cytosol-exposed bacteria. In addition, endogenous GBP levels were sufficient for the release of DNA from cytosol-exposed bacteria, preceding the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS/STING) pathway for Ifnb induction. Mice deficient for chromosome 3 GBPs were unable to mount a rapid IL-1/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) response during Legionella-induced pneumonia, with defective bacterial clearance. Our results show that rapid GBP activity is controlled by host-intrinsic cytokine signaling and that GBP activities precede immune amplification responses, including IFN induction, inflammasome activation, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyun C Liu
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts University Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joseph Sarhan
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts University Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA; MSTP, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | - Hayley I Muendlein
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Tufts University Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Vladimir Ilyukha
- Petrozavodsk State University, Republic of Karelia, Russian Federation
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ralph R Isberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston MA, USA; Department of Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Alexander Poltorak
- Petrozavodsk State University, Republic of Karelia, Russian Federation; Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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19
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Cai C, Koch B, Morikawa K, Suda G, Sakamoto N, Rueschenbaum S, Akhras S, Dietz J, Hildt E, Zeuzem S, Welsch C, Lange CM. Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induce Long-Lasting Immunity Against Hepatitis C Virus Which Is Blunted by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Front Immunol 2018; 9:723. [PMID: 29706960 PMCID: PMC5906748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication. In this study, we aimed to further characterize the role of macrophage-derived EVs in immune responses against hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the potential of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to modulate this modality of innate immunity. To this end, EVs were isolated from interferon-stimulated macrophage cultures or from serum of patients with acute or chronic hepatitis C. EVs were characterized by electron microscopy, flow cytometry, RNA-sequencing, and Western blot analysis. The effect of EVs on replication of HCV was assessed in coculture models. Functional analyses were performed to assess the impact of PUFAs on EV-mediated antiviral immunity. We found that macrophages secreted various cytokines shortly after stimulation with type I and II IFN, which orchestrated a fast but short-lasting antiviral state. This rapid innate immune answer was followed by the production of macrophage-derived EVs, which induced a late, but long-lasting inhibitory effect on HCV replication. Of note, exposure of macrophages to PUFAs, which are important regulators of immune responses, dampened EV-mediated antiviral immune responses. Finally, EVs from patients with hepatitis C exhibited long-lasting antiviral activities during IFN therapy as well. The antiviral effect of EVs from Caucasian and Japanese patients differed, which may be explained by different nutritional uptake of PUFAs. In conclusion, our data indicate that macrophage-derived EVs mediate long-lasting inhibitory effects on HCV replication, which may bridge the time until efficient adaptive immune responses are established, and which can be blunted by PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcong Cai
- Department of Medicine 1, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benjamin Koch
- Department of Medicine 3, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kenichi Morikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sabrina Rueschenbaum
- Department of Medicine 1, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sami Akhras
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Julia Dietz
- Department of Medicine 1, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Medicine 1, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Welsch
- Department of Medicine 1, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian M Lange
- Department of Medicine 1, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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20
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Boldanova T, Suslov A, Heim MH, Necsulea A. Transcriptional response to hepatitis C virus infection and interferon-alpha treatment in the human liver. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:816-834. [PMID: 28360091 PMCID: PMC5452008 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is widely used to investigate host-virus interactions. Cellular responses to HCV infection have been extensively studied in vitro However, in human liver, interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene expression can mask direct transcriptional responses to infection. To better characterize the direct effects of HCV infection in vivo, we analyze the transcriptomes of HCV-infected patients lacking an activated endogenous IFN system. We show that expression changes observed in these patients predominantly reflect immune cell infiltrates rather than cell-intrinsic pathways. We also investigate the transcriptomes of patients with endogenous IFN activation, which paradoxically cannot eradicate viral infection. We find that most IFN-stimulated genes are induced by both recombinant IFN therapy and the endogenous IFN system, but with lower induction levels in the latter, indicating that the innate immune response in chronic hepatitis C is too weak to clear the virus. We show that coding and non-coding transcripts have different expression dynamics following IFN treatment. Several microRNA primary transcripts, including that of miR-122, are significantly down-regulated in response to IFN treatment, suggesting a new mechanism for IFN-induced expression fine-tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tujana Boldanova
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aleksei Suslov
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland .,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anamaria Necsulea
- Laboratory of Developmental Genomics, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Blumer T, Coto-Llerena M, Duong FHT, Heim MH. SOCS1 is an inducible negative regulator of interferon λ (IFN-λ)-induced gene expression in vivo. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17928-17938. [PMID: 28900038 PMCID: PMC5663890 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.788877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I (α and β) and type III (λ) IFNs are induced upon viral infection through host sensory pathways that activate IFN regulatory factors (IRFs) and nuclear factor κB. Secreted IFNs induce autocrine and paracrine signaling through the JAK-STAT pathway, leading to the transcriptional induction of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes, among them sensory pathway components such as cGAS, STING, RIG-I, MDA5, and the transcription factor IRF7, which enhance the induction of IFN-αs and IFN-λs. This positive feedback loop enables a very rapid and strong host response that, at some point, has to be controlled by negative regulators to maintain tissue homeostasis. Type I IFN signaling is controlled by the inducible negative regulators suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), SOCS3, and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18). The physiological role of these proteins in IFN-γ signaling has not been clarified. Here we used knockout cell lines and mice to show that IFN-λ signaling is regulated by SOCS1 but not by SOCS3 or USP18. These differences were the basis for the distinct kinetic properties of type I and III IFNs. We found that IFN-α signaling is transient and becomes refractory after hours, whereas IFN-λ provides a long-lasting IFN-stimulated gene induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Blumer
- From the Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland and
- the University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mairene Coto-Llerena
- From the Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland and
- the University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francois H T Duong
- From the Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland and
- the University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus H Heim
- From the Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland and
- the University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Chen C, Zhu X, Xu W, Yang F, Zhang G, Wu L, Zheng Y, Gao Z, Xie C, Peng L. IFNA2 p.Ala120Thr impairs the inhibitory activity of Interferon-α2 against the hepatitis B virus through altering its binding to the receptor. Antiviral Res 2017; 147:11-18. [PMID: 28958921 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study found that a rare genetic mutation IFNA2p.Ala120Thr affects the structure of IFN-α2 and contributes to increased host susceptibility to CHB. However, the way in which the single amino acid residue mutation affects IFN-α2 activity is unclear. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of IFNA2p.Ala120Thr on IFN-α2 activity. METHODS Plasmid transfection of BL-21 was used to construct both wild type IFNA2 (wt) and p.Ala120Thr IFNA2 (mut) proteins. The HepG2-NTCP model was established using a lentiviral vector (LV003). Anti-HBV activity of wt and mut were tested on HepG2-NTCP infected cells with HBV, through the detection of HBsAg and HBcAg using immunohistochemistry and by detecting HBV DNA with RT PCR. IF and Co-IP were performed in order to investigate the binding of the IFNA2 protein and its receptor. The changes in IFNAR density and signal molecule phosphorylation were measured with western blotting. We used qPCR to further explore anti-HBV protein expression including APOBEC3, MxA, OAS1, and PKR. RESULTS Cell model experiments confirmed that IFNA2p.Ala120Thr impairs anti-HBV activity of IFN-α2. Co-IP tests indicated that the binding of mut-IFNα to IFNR was weaker in the mut-treated group. IFNR density on the cells surface increased after treatment with wt-IFN-α2. Obvious differences in the STAT phosphorylation profiles were seen between the mut-treated and wt-treated groups. The expression of four main kinds of anti-HBV proteins induced by mut was higher in the HepG2-NTCP cells. Thus, IFNA2p.Ala120Thr affects anti-HBV activity of IFN-α2. CONCLUSION IFNA2p.Ala120Thr impairs the anti-HBV ability of IFN-a2, mainly by reducing its binding to the IFN receptor. Mut IFN-a2 has a very weak binding, barely inducing STAT phosphorylation, and induces the expression of only a low level of related anti-HBV ISG. This is quite different from the effects of wt IFN-a2, implying that modifying the key structural position of IFNa may lead to the modulation of targeted gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuming Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiong Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangji Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Genglin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyuan Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Persistent Loss of Hepatitis B Virus Markers in Serum without Cellular Immunity by Combination of Peginterferon and Entecavir Therapy in Humanized Mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00725-17. [PMID: 28696237 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00725-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleot(s)ide analogues and peginterferon (PEG-IFN) treatment are the only approved therapies for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, complete eradication of the virus, as indicated by persistent loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), is rare among treated patients. This is due to long-term persistence of the HBV genome in infected hepatocytes in the form of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). In this study, we investigated whether administration of a large dose of a nucleoside analogue in combination with PEG-IFN can achieve long-term loss of HBsAg in human hepatocyte chimeric mice. Mice were treated with a high dose of entecavir and/or PEG-IFN for 6 weeks. High-dose combination therapy with both drugs resulted in persistently negative HBV DNA in serum. Although small amounts of HBV DNA and cccDNA (0.1 and 0.01 copy/cell, respectively) remained in the mouse livers, some of the mice remained persistently negative for serum HBV DNA at 13 weeks after cessation of the therapy. Serum HBsAg and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) continued to decrease and eventually became negative at 12 weeks after cessation of the therapy. Analysis of the HBV genome in treated mice showed accumulation of G-to-A hypermutation and CpG III island methylation. Persistent loss of serum HBV DNA and loss of HBV markers by high-dose entecavir and PEG-IFN combination treatment in chimeric mice suggests that control of HBV can be achieved even in the absence of a cellular immune response.
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Serti E, Park H, Keane M, O’Keefe AC, Rivera E, Liang TJ, Ghany M, Rehermann B. Rapid decrease in hepatitis C viremia by direct acting antivirals improves the natural killer cell response to IFNα. Gut 2017; 66:724-735. [PMID: 26733671 PMCID: PMC6886885 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic HCV infection is characterised by innate immune activation with increased interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) expression and by an altered phenotype of interferon-responsive natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we asked whether a rapid reduction in viremia by daclatasvir (DCV) and asunaprevir (ASV) improves the response to pegylated interferon (PegIFN) in patients who had previously failed a standard course of PegIFN/ribavirin (RBV) therapy. DESIGN Twenty-two HCV-infected non-responders to previous PegIFN/RBV therapy were studied for IFN-responsiveness of NK cells during quadruple (QUAD) therapy with DCV, ASV, PegIFN and RBV. A direct comparison of early NK cell responses in PegIFN/RBV therapy and QUAD therapy was performed for seven patients using paired cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from both treatment courses. As a validation cohort, nine DCV/ASV-treated patients were studied for their NK cell response to in vitro stimulation with IFNα. RESULTS The 24 h virological response to QUAD therapy correlated with an increase in signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), phosphorylated STAT1 (pSTAT1) and tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression in NK cells, and the STAT1/pSTAT1/TRAIL induction was greater during QUAD therapy than during previous PegIFN/RBV therapy. Successful QUAD therapy as well as successful IFN-free DCV/ASV regimen resulted in an improved functional NK cell response (degranulation and TRAIL expression) to in vitro stimulation with IFNα. CONCLUSIONS IFN-responsiveness can be improved by inhibiting HCV replication and reducing the HCV-induced activation of the innate immune response. This may provide a rationale for clinical trials of a brief period of direct acting antiviral therapy followed by PegIFN/RBV therapy to reduce the overall treatment costs in low-income and middle-income countries. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT01888900 and NCT00718172.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Serti
- Immunology Section, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heiyoung Park
- Immunology Section, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meghan Keane
- Immunology Section, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashley C. O’Keefe
- Immunology Section, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elenita Rivera
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T. Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc Ghany
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Rehermann
- Immunology Section, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
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25
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Hayes CN, Chayama K. Interferon stimulated genes and innate immune activation following infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. J Med Virol 2016; 89:388-396. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
- Liver Research Project Center; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
- Liver Research Project Center; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
- Laboratory for Digestive Diseases; Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN; Hiroshima Japan
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26
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Zhang Y, Yang L, Wang H, Zhang G, Sun X. Respiratory syncytial virus non-structural protein 1 facilitates virus replication through miR-29a-mediated inhibition of interferon-α receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1436-41. [PMID: 27569280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has recently been suggested to inhibit type-I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses during RSV infection. However, the precise function of RSV NS1 protein in reducing the antiviral effects of IFNs against RSV is poorly understood. The roles of cellular miRNAs in the defence against RSV infection are not well characterized. In this study, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that miR-29a expression was upregulated in the recombinant wild-type RSV (rRSV-WT) group compared with the control group, but no changes were observed in the recombinant RSV mutant lacking NS1 (rRSV-ΔNS1) group. Using dual-luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that miR-29a could directly target IFNAR1 3'-UTR and downregulate IFNAR1 expression. In addition, RSV NS1 suppressed IFNAR1 expression at both RNA level and protein level in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. RSV plaque assays showed that the number of RSV plaques in miR-29a mimics group was significantly higher than that in miR-29a inhibitor group or miRNA scramble control group. HA-NS1 overexpression increased the numbers of RSV plaque, but the promotive effect on virus replication was attenuated in cells transfected with miR-29a inhibitors. These results suggest that miR-29a, upregulated during RSV infection, is a negative regulator of IFNAR1 and is critical for RSV NS1-induced virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guocheng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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27
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Cozen ML, Ryan JC, Shen H, Cheung R, Kaplan DE, Pocha C, Brau N, Aytaman A, Schmidt WN, Pedrosa M, Anand BS, Chang KM, Morgan T, Monto A. Improved Survival Among all Interferon-α-Treated Patients in HCV-002, a Veterans Affairs Hepatitis C Cohort of 2211 Patients, Despite Increased Cirrhosis Among Nonresponders. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:1744-56. [PMID: 27059981 PMCID: PMC5308124 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the era of interferon-alpha (IFN)-based therapy for hepatitis C ends, long-term treatment outcomes are now being evaluated. AIM To more fully understand the natural history of hepatitis C infection by following a multisite cohort of patients. METHODS Patients with chronic HCV were prospectively enrolled in 1999-2000 from 11 VA medical centers and followed through retrospective medical record review. RESULTS A total of 2211 patients were followed for an average of 8.5 years after enrollment. Thirty-one percent of patients received HCV antiviral therapy, 15 % with standard IFN/ribavirin only, 16 % with pegylated IFN/ribavirin, and 26.7 % of treated patients achieved sustained virologic response (SVR). Cirrhosis developed in 25.8 % of patients. Treatment nonresponders had a greater than twofold increase in the hazard of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, compared to untreated patients, whereas SVR patients were only marginally protected from cirrhosis. Nearly 6 % developed hepatocellular carcinoma, and 27.1 % died during the follow-up period. Treated patients, regardless of response, had a significant survival benefit compared to untreated patients (HR 0.58, CI 0.46-0.72). Improved survival was also associated with college education, younger age, lower levels of alcohol consumption, and longer duration of medical service follow-up-factors typically associated with treatment eligibility. CONCLUSIONS As more hepatitis C patients are now being assessed for all-oral combination therapy, these results highlight that patient compliance and limiting harmful behaviors contribute a significant proportion of the survival benefit in treated patients and that the long-term clinical benefits of SVR may be less profound than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna L Cozen
- San Francisco VA Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, 4150 Clement St #111B, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - James C Ryan
- San Francisco VA Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, 4150 Clement St #111B, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- San Francisco VA Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, 4150 Clement St #111B, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Ramsey Cheung
- Palo Alto VA Medical Center and Stanford University, 3801 Miranda Ave, GI/Hepatology #154C, Palo Alto, CA, 94304-1207, USA
| | - David E Kaplan
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania, A212 Medical Research, University and Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christine Pocha
- Minneapolis VA Medical Center, 1 Veterans Drive, GI, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
| | - Norbert Brau
- Bronx VA Medical Center, 130 W. Kingsbridge Rd, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Ayse Aytaman
- New York Harbor Brooklyn and Manhattan VA Medical Centers, 800 Poly Pl, Brooklyn, NY, 11209, USA
| | - Warren N Schmidt
- Iowa City VA Medical Center and the University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Marcos Pedrosa
- Boston VA Health Care System and AbbVie Pharmaceuticals, 85 E. Concord St. #7700, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Bhupinderjit S Anand
- Houston VA Medical Center and Baylor University, Digestive Disease Section, #111D, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030-4211, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania, A212 Medical Research, University and Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Timothy Morgan
- Long Beach VA Medical Center and University of California Irvine, #111G, 5901 E. 7th Street, Long Beach, CA, 90822-5201, USA
| | - Alexander Monto
- San Francisco VA Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, 4150 Clement St #111B, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
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28
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Li L, Lei QS, Zhang SJ, Kong LN, Qin B. Suppression of USP18 Potentiates the Anti-HBV Activity of Interferon Alpha in HepG2.2.15 Cells via JAK/STAT Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156496. [PMID: 27227879 PMCID: PMC4882066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18, also known as UBP43) has both interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) dependent and ISG15-independent functions. By silencing the expression of USP18 in HepG2.2.15 cells, we studied the effect of USP18 on the anti-HBV activity of IFN-F and demonstrated that knockdown of USP18 significantly Inhibited the HBV expression and increased the expression of ISGs. Levels of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg), HBV DNA and intracellular hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) were dramatically decreased with or without treatment of indicated dose of IFN-F. Suppression of USP18 activated the JAK/STAT signaling pathway as shown by the increased and prolonged expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p-STAT1) in combination with enhanced expression of several interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Our results indicated that USP18 modulates the anti-HBV activity of IFN-F via activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in Hepg2.2.15 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qing-song Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Jun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ling-na Kong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- The Nursing College of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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29
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Duarte-Rojo A, Fischer SE, Adeyi O, Zita D, Deneke MG, Selzner N, Chen L, Malespin M, Cotler SJ, McGilvray ID, Feld JJ. Protease inhibitors partially overcome the interferon nonresponse phenotype in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:340-7. [PMID: 26710754 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of triple therapy with protease inhibitors (PI) depends on the intrinsic response to interferon. Interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression differs by cell type in the liver and is a strong predictor of interferon responsiveness. Patients who respond well to interferon have low/absent ISG expression in hepatocytes but significant ISG expression in macrophages. Nonresponders (NRs) show the opposite pattern. We aimed to determine the association between cell-type-specific ISG staining and treatment outcome with PI-based triple therapy. Liver biopsy tissue from consecutive patients treated with boceprevir or telaprevir with peginterferon and ribavirin was stained for myxovirus A (MxA). Staining was scored 0-3 in macrophages (M-MxA) and hepatocytes (H-MxA), and IL28B genotyping was performed. Of 56 patients included 41 achieved SVR (73%) (sustained virological response), 2 (4%) relapsed, 10 (18%) were NRs, and 3 (5%) were lost to follow-up. Median M-MxA staining was stronger and H-MxA staining was weaker in patients who achieved SVR. MxA staining correlated with IL28B genotype and with the HCV RNA decline during lead-in phase. However, unlike with dual therapy, the negative predictive value (NPV) of absent or weak M-MxA staining was poor (42%), while the positive predictive value improved (93%). Although by multivariable logistic regression M-MxA staining was significantly associated with SVR (OR 4.35, 1.32-14.28, P = 0.012), the predictive ability was inadequate to withhold therapy. The interaction between macrophages and hepatocytes plays a critical role in interferon responsiveness; however, the addition of a PI at least partially overcomes the interferon nonresponse phenotype making the predictive ability of ISG staining less clinically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Duarte-Rojo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S E Fischer
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - O Adeyi
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Zita
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M G Deneke
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - N Selzner
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Chen
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Malespin
- Division of Hepatology, Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - S J Cotler
- Division of Hepatology, Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - J J Feld
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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30
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Lee CM, Hu TH, Lu SN, Wang JH, Hung CH, Chen CH, Yen YH. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of hepatitis C genotype 1 patients. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 115:440-4. [PMID: 26786212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE While new direct-acting antiviral therapies for hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the standard of care, interferon-α (IFN-α) remains a standard therapy in Taiwan based on its low cost and high response rate to IFN-α-based therapy. IFN-α exerts antiviral activity by inducing the expression of hundreds of genes that establish an antiviral state via Jak kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling. We quantified the transcript levels of JAK/STAT signaling genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HCV genotype 1 patients and estimated the correlation between transcript levels and patient responses to IFN-α-based therapy. METHODS A total of 100 HCV genotype 1 naïve patients were enrolled. All patients received response-guided therapy for 24-48 weeks with pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected before treatment. Twenty patients with sustained virological responses (SVR) and 20 patients without SVR were selected for a JAK/STAT signaling genes transcript analysis using multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Transcripts that were upregulated or downregulated were further validated in 100 patients. RESULTS Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) expression was upregulated in SVR patients compared with non-SVR patients (relative quantification = 2.14) based on a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. We further analyzed SOCS1 expression in 100 patients. We found that SOCS1 expression did not differ significantly between SVR and non-SVR patients. CONCLUSION Peripheral blood SOCS1 expression before treatment was not associated with SVR in HCV genotype 1 patients treated with pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Mo Lee
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hui Hu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Lu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Houng Wang
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Hung
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Yen
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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31
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Hepatitis B virus spliced variants are associated with an impaired response to interferon therapy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16459. [PMID: 26585041 PMCID: PMC4653653 DOI: 10.1038/srep16459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, spliced HBV genomes and splice-generated proteins have been widely described, however, their biological and clinical significance remains to be defined. Here, an elevation of the proportion of HBV spliced variants in the sera of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is shown to correlate with an impaired respond to interferon-α (IFN-α) therapy. Transfection of the constructs encoding the three most dominant species of spliced variants into cells or ectopic expression of the two major spliced protein including HBSP and N-terminal-truncated viral polymerase protein result in strong suppression of IFN-α signaling transduction, while mutation of the major splicing-related sites of HBV attenuates the viral anti-IFN activities in both cell and mouse models. These results have associated the productions of HBV spliced variants with the failure response to IFN therapy and illuminate a novel mechanism where spliced viral products are employed to resist IFN-mediated host defense.
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32
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Wandrer F, Falk CS, John K, Skawran B, Manns MP, Schulze-Osthoff K, Bantel H. Interferon-Mediated Cytokine Induction Determines Sustained Virus Control in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:746-54. [PMID: 26503984 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease and associated complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Interferons (IFNs) are crucial for HCV clearance and a sustained virological response (SVR), but a significant proportion of patients do not respond to IFNα. The underlying mechanisms of an insufficient IFN response remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that patients responding to IFNα with viral clearance had significantly higher serum levels of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), compared with patients who failed to control HCV. In addition, upon direct IFNα exposure, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with SVR upregulated TRAIL, as well as IFN-γ and the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, much more strongly than cells from patients with antiviral treatment failure. As a possible mechanism of the stronger IFNα-induced cytokine response, we identified higher levels of expression and phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT1 in PBMCs from patients with SVR. Increased TRAIL expression additionally involved the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways. Thus, SVR in chronic HCV infection is associated with a strong IFNα-induced cytokine response, which might allow for the early prediction of treatment efficacy in HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katharina John
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology
| | - Britta Skawran
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)German Research Cancer Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Bantel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology
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33
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Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Gene Expression Remains Broadly Altered Years after Successful Interferon-Based Hepatitis C Virus Treatment. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:958231. [PMID: 26568966 PMCID: PMC4629046 DOI: 10.1155/2015/958231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Inflammatory gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is altered in chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. Duration of changes after pegylated interferon- (peg-IFN-) based HCV treatment is unclear. Methods. PBMC mRNA expression of 184 inflammatory response genes was analyzed (nCounter GX Human Inflammation Kit, Nanostring) from peg-IFN treatment nonresponders (NR, n = 18), sustained virologic responders (SVR, n = 22), and spontaneous clearers (SC, n = 15). Logistic regression was used for comparison. Results. Median time from last treatment was 2 and 2.7 years in SVR and NR, respectively (p = NS). Mean mRNA counts were significantly different for 42 and 29 genes comparing SVR to SC patients and NR to SC, respectively, and no genes comparing SVR to NR. Differential expression of 24 genes was significantly different in both SVR and NR groups compared to SC. Among these 24 acute and chronic inflammatory cascade genes, significant upregulation was noted for proinflammatory transcription regulators Fos, CEBPB, and MyD88 in SVR and NR compared to SC. HDAC4 was significantly downregulated in SVR and NR compared to the SC group. Conclusions. PBMC inflammatory gene expression patterns in SVR resemble NR more than SC patients. A generalized inflammatory response persists in PBMCs long after successful peg-IFN treatment for HCV infection.
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Pemberton-Ross PJ, Pachkov M, van Nimwegen E. ARMADA: Using motif activity dynamics to infer gene regulatory networks from gene expression data. Methods 2015; 85:62-74. [PMID: 26164700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of gene expression data remains one of the most promising avenues toward reconstructing genome-wide gene regulatory networks. However, the large dimensionality of the problem prohibits the fitting of explicit dynamical models of gene regulatory networks, whereas machine learning methods for dimensionality reduction such as clustering or principal component analysis typically fail to provide mechanistic interpretations of the reduced descriptions. To address this, we recently developed a general methodology called motif activity response analysis (MARA) that, by modeling gene expression patterns in terms of the activities of concrete regulators, accomplishes dramatic dimensionality reduction while retaining mechanistic biological interpretations of its predictions (Balwierz, 2014). Here we extend MARA by presenting ARMADA, which models the activity dynamics of regulators across a time course, and infers the causal interactions between the regulators that drive the dynamics of their activities across time. We have implemented ARMADA as part of our ISMARA webserver, ismara.unibas.ch, allowing any researcher to automatically apply it to any gene expression time course. To illustrate the method, we apply ARMADA to a time course of human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with TNF. Remarkably, ARMADA is able to reproduce the complex observed motif activity dynamics using a relatively small set of interactions between the key regulators in this system. In addition, we show that ARMADA successfully infers many of the key regulatory interactions known to drive this inflammatory response and discuss several novel interactions that ARMADA predicts. In combination with ISMARA, ARMADA provides a powerful approach to generating plausible hypotheses for the key interactions between regulators that control gene expression in any system for which time course measurements are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Pemberton-Ross
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Mikhail Pachkov
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Erik van Nimwegen
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland.
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Roles of unphosphorylated ISGF3 in HCV infection and interferon responsiveness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015. [PMID: 26216956 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513341112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Up-regulation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) is sustained in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected livers. Here, we investigated the mechanism of prolonged ISG expression and its role in IFN responsiveness during HCV infection in relation to unphosphorylated IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (U-ISGF3), recently identified as a tripartite transcription factor formed by high levels of IFN response factor 9 (IRF9), STAT1, and STAT2 without tyrosine phosphorylation of the STATs. The level of U-ISGF3, but not tyrosine phosphorylated STAT1, is significantly elevated in response to IFN-λ and IFN-β during chronic HCV infection. U-ISGF3 prolongs the expression of a subset of ISGs and restricts HCV chronic replication. However, paradoxically, high levels of U-ISGF3 also confer unresponsiveness to IFN-α therapy. As a mechanism of U-ISGF3-induced resistance to IFN-α, we found that ISG15, a U-ISGF3-induced protein, sustains the abundance of ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18), a negative regulator of IFN signaling. Our data demonstrate that U-ISGF3 induced by IFN-λs and -β drives prolonged expression of a set of ISGs, leading to chronic activation of innate responses and conferring a lack of response to IFN-α in HCV-infected liver.
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Serti E, Chepa-Lotrea X, Kim YJ, Keane M, Fryzek N, Liang TJ, Ghany M, Rehermann B. Successful Interferon-Free Therapy of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Normalizes Natural Killer Cell Function. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:190-200.e2. [PMID: 25754160 PMCID: PMC4523392 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic hepatitis C virus infection activates an intrahepatic immune response, leading to increased expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes and activation of natural killer (NK) cells-the most prevalent innate immune cell in the liver. We investigated whether the elimination of hepatitis C virus with direct-acting antiviral normalizes expression of IFN-stimulated genes and NK cell function. METHODS We used multicolor flow cytometry to analyze NK cells from the liver and blood of 13 HCV-infected patients who did not respond to treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Samples were collected before and during IFN-free treatment with daclatasvir and asunaprevir and compared with samples from the blood of 13 healthy individuals (controls). Serum levels of chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) 10 or CXCL11 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Before treatment, all patients had increased levels of CXCL10 or CXCL11 and a different NK cell phenotype from controls, characterized by increased expression of HLA-DR, NKp46, NKG2A, CD85j, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), phosphorylated STAT1, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). NK cells from patients also had increased degranulation and decreased production of IFNγ and tumor necrosis factor α compared with NK cells from controls. Nine patients had an end-of-treatment response (undetectable virus) and 4 had virologic breakthrough between weeks 4 and 12 of therapy. A rapid decrease in viremia and level of inflammatory cytokines in all patients was associated with decreased activation of intrahepatic and blood NK cells; it was followed by restoration of a normal NK cell phenotype and function by week 8 in patients with undetectable viremia. This normalized NK cell phenotype was maintained until week 24 (end of treatment). CONCLUSIONS Direct-acting antiviral-mediated clearance of HCV is associated with loss of intrahepatic immune activation by IFNα, which is indicated by decreased levels of CXCL10 and CXCL11 and normalization of NK cell phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Serti
- Immunology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xenia Chepa-Lotrea
- Immunology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yun Ju Kim
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meghan Keane
- Immunology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Fryzek
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T. Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc Ghany
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Rehermann
- Immunology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland; Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Antonelli G, Scagnolari C, Moschella F, Proietti E. Twenty-five years of type I interferon-based treatment: a critical analysis of its therapeutic use. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:121-31. [PMID: 25578520 PMCID: PMC7108252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The clinical exploitation of type I interferon (IFN) as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent is based on the properties originally attributed to this cytokine family, with schedules reflecting only their antiviral and antiproliferative activities. Nevertheless, type I IFN has emerged as a central activator of the innate immunity. As current schedules of treatment for chronic hepatitis C and for hematological and solid tumors, based on the continuous administration of recombinant type I IFN or pegylated formulations, disregard viral resistance, host genetic variants predicting treatment outcome and mechanisms of refractoriness, new administration schedules, the combination of type I IFN with new drugs and the increased monitoring of patients' susceptibility to type I IFN are expected to provide a new life to this valuable cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Moschella
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Proietti
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Chen M, Hu P, Ling N, Peng H, Lei Y, Hu H, Zhang D, Ren H. Enhanced functions of peripheral γδ T cells in chronic hepatitis B infection during interferon α treatment in vivo and in vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120086. [PMID: 25774808 PMCID: PMC4361562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND γδ T cells play an important role in infectious, autoimmune, or neoplastic diseases. Here, a study was conducted to investigate the dynamic changes in phenotype and function of peripheral γδ T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during pegylated-interferon (pegIFN)-α treatment, and to explore their roles in IFN-α therapy. METHODS Total 15 CHB patients with pegIFN-α therapy and 6 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. Flow cytometry was used for the study of frequency of peripheral γδ T cells, subtypes, effector or memory γδ T cells, and also the IFN-γ+, TNF-α+, CD107a+ or Granzyme B+ γδ T cells in 10 patients at week 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 of treatment. Another 5 CHB patients and 6 HC were recruited for the γδ T cell isolation, and gene expression in γδ T cells was evaluated before or after IFN-α treatment in vitro. RESULTS Although γδT cells decreased in CHB patients during pegIFN-α therapy, their capacities to produce TNF-α and to express CD107a were enhanced. More effector γδT cells (CD27-CD45RA+) were found in the response group than in non-response group. Furthermore, IFN-α boosted the expression of Mx2 and cytokine genes in γδT cells from CHB patients in vitro. CONCLUSION IFN-α could enhance the cytokine production or cytotoxicity potential of γδT cells in vivo and in vitro. The enhanced function of γδT cells might contribute to the effect of IFN-α treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (MC); (HR)
| | - Peng Hu
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Ling
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of laboratory medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaidong Hu
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (MC); (HR)
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Chayama K, Mitsui F, Hayes CN. Optimizing triple therapy and IFN/RBV-free regimens for hepatitis C virus infection. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 9:21-30. [PMID: 25220206 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.960394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection has substantially improved following the advent of direct acting antiviral (DAA) agents. Although the first generation protease inhibitors telaprevir and boceprevir improved sustained viral response (SVR) rates, adverse events remain severe and immature termination of the therapy is frequent; however, intensive dose modification has improved completion and SVR rates. Interferon-free DAA combination therapies, such as asunaprevir and daclatasvir dual therapy are under development and promise higher SVR rates with fewer adverse events. Resistance monitoring and modification of DAA therapy based on pre-existing or de novo resistance variants should be considered. Future therapies are expected to have pan-genotypic activity with shorter duration and improved tolerability, even among cirrhotic and liver transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Sadeghi F, Bokharaei-Salim F, Salehi-Vaziri M, Monavari SH, Alavian SM, Salimi S, Vahabpour R, Keyvani H. Associations between human TRIM22 gene expression and the response to combination therapy with Peg-IFNα-2a and ribavirin in Iranian patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 2014; 86:1499-506. [PMID: 24889558 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interferons are able to exert an antiviral effect against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection via induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). This study tested whether differential expression of an important ISG with antiviral properties, tripartite motif 22 (TRIM22), correlates with a response to Peg-IFNα-2a/RBV combination therapy in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C. A total of 32 patients with chronic hepatitis C were enrolled in this study and received standard Peg-IFNα-2a/RBV combination therapy. HCV viral load was measured during treatment, at the end of treatment, and 6 months later to determine the treatment outcome. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess the expression levels of TRIM22 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the patients before antiviral therapy. Of the 32 patients, 26 (81.3%) were males. In this study, there were 16 (50%) individuals with a sustained virologic response (SVR), and a virologic relapse was observed in the remaining half of the subjects. Testing for the presence of genomic HCV RNA in blood during therapy revealed a rapid virologic response (RVR) in 10 (31.2%) and a partial and complete early virologic response (EVR) in 8 (25%) and 24 (75%) of the cases, respectively. TRIM22 mRNA levels were significantly higher in patients with a sustained virologic response than in relapsers (P = 0.002) and in patients with a rapid virologic response than in the others (P = 0.040). No statistically significant difference was seen in the expression of TRIM22 between patients with a partial early virologic response and a complete early virologic response. This study showed that pretreatment upregulation of TRIM22 may be associated with responsiveness to Peg-IFNα-2a/RBV combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Sadeghi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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