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Berndt C, Alborzinia H, Amen VS, Ayton S, Barayeu U, Bartelt A, Bayir H, Bebber CM, Birsoy K, Böttcher JP, Brabletz S, Brabletz T, Brown AR, Brüne B, Bulli G, Bruneau A, Chen Q, DeNicola GM, Dick TP, Distéfano A, Dixon SJ, Engler JB, Esser-von Bieren J, Fedorova M, Friedmann Angeli JP, Friese MA, Fuhrmann DC, García-Sáez AJ, Garbowicz K, Götz M, Gu W, Hammerich L, Hassannia B, Jiang X, Jeridi A, Kang YP, Kagan VE, Konrad DB, Kotschi S, Lei P, Le Tertre M, Lev S, Liang D, Linkermann A, Lohr C, Lorenz S, Luedde T, Methner A, Michalke B, Milton AV, Min J, Mishima E, Müller S, Motohashi H, Muckenthaler MU, Murakami S, Olzmann JA, Pagnussat G, Pan Z, Papagiannakopoulos T, Pedrera Puentes L, Pratt DA, Proneth B, Ramsauer L, Rodriguez R, Saito Y, Schmidt F, Schmitt C, Schulze A, Schwab A, Schwantes A, Soula M, Spitzlberger B, Stockwell BR, Thewes L, Thorn-Seshold O, Toyokuni S, Tonnus W, Trumpp A, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T, Venkataramani V, Vogel FCE, von Karstedt S, Wang F, Westermann F, Wientjens C, Wilhelm C, Wölk M, Wu K, Yang X, Yu F, Zou Y, Conrad M. Ferroptosis in health and disease. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103211. [PMID: 38908072 PMCID: PMC11253697 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a pervasive non-apoptotic form of cell death highly relevant in various degenerative diseases and malignancies. The hallmark of ferroptosis is uncontrolled and overwhelming peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in membrane phospholipids, which eventually leads to rupture of the plasma membrane. Ferroptosis is unique in that it is essentially a spontaneous, uncatalyzed chemical process based on perturbed iron and redox homeostasis contributing to the cell death process, but that it is nonetheless modulated by many metabolic nodes that impinge on the cells' susceptibility to ferroptosis. Among the various nodes affecting ferroptosis sensitivity, several have emerged as promising candidates for pharmacological intervention, rendering ferroptosis-related proteins attractive targets for the treatment of numerous currently incurable diseases. Herein, the current members of a Germany-wide research consortium focusing on ferroptosis research, as well as key external experts in ferroptosis who have made seminal contributions to this rapidly growing and exciting field of research, have gathered to provide a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review on ferroptosis. Specific topics include: basic mechanisms, in vivo relevance, specialized methodologies, chemical and pharmacological tools, and the potential contribution of ferroptosis to disease etiopathology and progression. We hope that this article will not only provide established scientists and newcomers to the field with an overview of the multiple facets of ferroptosis, but also encourage additional efforts to characterize further molecular pathways modulating ferroptosis, with the ultimate goal to develop novel pharmacotherapies to tackle the various diseases associated with - or caused by - ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hamed Alborzinia
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM GGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Skafar Amen
- Rudolf Virchow Zentrum, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging - University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Scott Ayton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Uladzimir Barayeu
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Christina M Bebber
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kivanc Birsoy
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jan P Böttcher
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Ashley R Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry1-Pathobiochemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Giorgia Bulli
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alix Bruneau
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Quan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ayelén Distéfano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET, National University of Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jan B Engler
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Maria Fedorova
- Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of TU Dresden, Germany
| | - José Pedro Friedmann Angeli
- Rudolf Virchow Zentrum, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging - University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Dominic C Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry1-Pathobiochemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD, University of Cologne, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - Magdalena Götz
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, And Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda Hammerich
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Xuejun Jiang
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Aicha Jeridi
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Yun Pyo Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | | | - David B Konrad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kotschi
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Marlène Le Tertre
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Sima Lev
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Deguang Liang
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carolin Lohr
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Lorenz
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Methner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Anna V Milton
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Junxia Min
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Eikan Mishima
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Shohei Murakami
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - James A Olzmann
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela Pagnussat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET, National University of Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | - Zijan Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bettina Proneth
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Ramsauer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany
| | | | - Yoshiro Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Felix Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany
| | - Carina Schmitt
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Almut Schulze
- Division of Tumour Metabolism and Microenvironment, DKFZ Heidelberg and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Schwab
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Anna Schwantes
- Institute of Biochemistry1-Pathobiochemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Mariluz Soula
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Benedikt Spitzlberger
- Department of Immunobiology, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonie Thewes
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Center for Integrated Sciences of Low-temperature Plasma Core Research (iPlasma Core), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wulf Tonnus
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM GGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix C E Vogel
- Division of Tumour Metabolism and Microenvironment, DKFZ Heidelberg and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Germany
| | - Fudi Wang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Chantal Wientjens
- Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Wilhelm
- Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Michele Wölk
- Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Katherine Wu
- Department of Pathology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, And Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fan Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yilong Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China; Westlake Four-Dimensional Dynamic Metabolomics (Meta4D) Laboratory, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany.
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2
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Mullegama SV, Kiernan KA, Torti E, Pavlovsky E, Tilton N, Sekula A, Gao H, Alaimo JT, Engleman K, Rush ET, Blocker K, Dipple KM, Fettig VM, Hare H, Glass I, Grange DK, Griffin M, Phornphutkul C, Massingham L, Mehta L, Miller DE, Thies J, Merritt JL, Muller E, Osmond M, Sawyer SL, Slaugh R, Hickey RE, Wolf B, Choudhary S, Simonović M, Zhang Y, Palculict TB, Telegrafi A, Carere DA, Wentzensen IM, Morrow MM, Monaghan KG, Yang J, Juusola J. De novo missense variants in exon 9 of SEPHS1 cause a neurodevelopmental condition with developmental delay, poor growth, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:778-790. [PMID: 38531365 PMCID: PMC11023921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenophosphate synthetase (SEPHS) plays an essential role in selenium metabolism. Two mammalian SEPHS paralogues, SEPHS1 and SEPHS2, share high sequence identity and structural homology with SEPHS. Here, we report nine individuals from eight families with developmental delay, growth and feeding problems, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features, all with heterozygous missense variants in SEPHS1. Eight of these individuals had a recurrent variant at amino acid position 371 of SEPHS1 (p.Arg371Trp, p.Arg371Gln, and p.Arg371Gly); seven of these variants were known to be de novo. Structural modeling and biochemical assays were used to understand the effect of these variants on SEPHS1 function. We found that a variant at residue Trp352 results in local structural changes of the C-terminal region of SEPHS1 that decrease the overall thermal stability of the enzyme. In contrast, variants of a solvent-exposed residue Arg371 do not impact enzyme stability and folding but could modulate direct protein-protein interactions of SEPSH1 with cellular factors in promoting cell proliferation and development. In neuronal SH-SY5Y cells, we assessed the impact of SEPHS1 variants on cell proliferation and ROS production and investigated the mRNA expression levels of genes encoding stress-related selenoproteins. Our findings provided evidence that the identified SEPHS1 variants enhance cell proliferation by modulating ROS homeostasis. Our study supports the hypothesis that SEPHS1 plays a critical role during human development and provides a basis for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms employed by SEPHS1. Furthermore, our data suggest that variants in SEPHS1 are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureni V Mullegama
- GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA.
| | - Kaitlyn A Kiernan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | | | - Ethan Pavlovsky
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
| | - Nicholas Tilton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
| | - Austin Sekula
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
| | - Hua Gao
- GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Joseph T Alaimo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kendra Engleman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA; Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Eric T Rush
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA; Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Karli Blocker
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Stanford Children's Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katrina M Dipple
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Veronica M Fettig
- Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Hare
- Northeastern Ontario Medical Genetics Program, Health Sciences, North Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dorothy K Grange
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Griffin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
| | - Chanika Phornphutkul
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lauren Massingham
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lakshmi Mehta
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danny E Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny Thies
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Lawrence Merritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Muller
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Stanford Children's Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Osmond
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah L Sawyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Slaugh
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel E Hickey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Birth Defects and Metabolism, Anne & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Barry Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Birth Defects and Metabolism, Anne & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sanjeev Choudhary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
| | - Miljan Simonović
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yueqing Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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DeAngelo SL, Győrffy B, Koutmos M, Shah YM. Selenoproteins and tRNA-Sec: regulators of cancer redox homeostasis. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:1006-1018. [PMID: 37716885 PMCID: PMC10843386 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades significant progress has been made in uncovering the biological function of selenium. Selenium, an essential trace element, is required for the biogenesis of selenocysteine which is then incorporated into selenoproteins. These selenoproteins have emerged as central regulators of cellular antioxidant capacity and maintenance of redox homeostasis. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted functions of selenoproteins with a particular emphasis on their contributions to cellular antioxidant capacity. Additionally, we highlight the promising potential of targeting selenoproteins and the biogenesis of selenocysteine as avenues for therapeutic intervention in cancer. By understanding the intricate relationship between selenium, selenoproteins, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), insights can be gained to develop therapies that exploit the inherent vulnerabilities of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L DeAngelo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Markos Koutmos
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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4
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Pinzaru AM, Tavazoie SF. Transfer RNAs as dynamic and critical regulators of cancer progression. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:746-761. [PMID: 37814109 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) have been historically viewed as non-dynamic adaptors that decode the genetic code into proteins. Recent work has uncovered dynamic regulatory roles for these fascinating molecules. Advances in tRNA detection methods have revealed that specific tRNAs can become modulated upon DNA copy number and chromatin alterations and can also be perturbed by oncogenic signalling and transcriptional regulators in cancer cells or the tumour microenvironment. Such alterations in the levels of specific tRNAs have been shown to causally impact cancer progression, including metastasis. Moreover, sequencing methods have identified tRNA-derived small RNAs that influence various aspects of cancer progression, such as cell proliferation and invasion, and could serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or putative therapeutic targets in various cancers. Finally, there is accumulating evidence, including from genetic models, that specific tRNA synthetases - the enzymes responsible for charging tRNAs with amino acids - can either promote or suppress tumour formation. In this Review, we provide an overview of how deregulation of tRNAs influences cancer formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Pinzaru
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sohail F Tavazoie
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Salmain M, Gaschard M, Baroud M, Lepeltier E, Jaouen G, Passirani C, Vessières A. Thioredoxin Reductase and Organometallic Complexes: A Pivotal System to Tackle Multidrug Resistant Tumors? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4448. [PMID: 37760418 PMCID: PMC10526406 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) are a family of diseases with poor prognosis despite access to increasingly sophisticated treatments. Several mechanisms explain these resistances involving both tumor cells and their microenvironment. It is now recognized that a multi-targeting approach offers a promising strategy to treat these MDR tumors. Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), a key enzyme in maintaining redox balance in cells, is a well-identified target for this approach. Auranofin was the first inorganic gold complex to be described as a powerful inhibitor of TrxR. In this review, we will first recall the main results obtained with this metallodrug. Then, we will focus on organometallic complexes reported as TrxR inhibitors. These include gold(I), gold(III) complexes and metallocifens, i.e., organometallic complexes of Fe and Os derived from tamoxifen. In these families of complexes, similarities and differences in the molecular mechanisms of TrxR inhibition will be highlighted. Finally, the possible relationship between TrxR inhibition and cytotoxicity will be discussed and put into perspective with their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Salmain
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
| | - Marie Gaschard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
| | - Milad Baroud
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Elise Lepeltier
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Gérard Jaouen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
| | - Catherine Passirani
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Anne Vessières
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
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6
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Vindry C, Guillin O, Wolff P, Marie P, Mortreux F, Mangeot P, Ohlmann T, Chavatte L. A homozygous mutation in the human selenocysteine tRNA gene impairs UGA recoding activity and selenoproteome regulation by selenium. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7580-7601. [PMID: 37254812 PMCID: PMC10415148 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The selenocysteine (Sec) tRNA (tRNA[Ser]Sec) governs Sec insertion into selenoproteins by the recoding of a UGA codon, typically used as a stop codon. A homozygous point mutation (C65G) in the human tRNA[Ser]Sec acceptor arm has been reported by two independent groups and was associated with symptoms such as thyroid dysfunction and low blood selenium levels; however, the extent of altered selenoprotein synthesis resulting from this mutation has yet to be comprehensively investigated. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to engineer homozygous and heterozygous mutant human cells, which we then compared with the parental cell lines. This C65G mutation affected many aspects of tRNA[Ser]Sec integrity and activity. Firstly, the expression level of tRNA[Ser]Sec was significantly reduced due to an altered recruitment of RNA polymerase III at the promoter. Secondly, selenoprotein expression was strongly altered, but, more surprisingly, it was no longer sensitive to selenium supplementation. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed a tRNA isoform with unmodified wobble nucleotide U34 in mutant cells that correlated with reduced UGA recoding activities. Overall, this study demonstrates the pleiotropic effect of a single C65G mutation on both tRNA phenotype and selenoproteome expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vindry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France
- INSERM U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- CNRS/ENS/UCBL1 UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Olivia Guillin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France
- INSERM U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- CNRS/ENS/UCBL1 UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Wolff
- Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul Marie
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- LBMC, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, 69007 Lyon, France
- CNRS/ENS/UCBL1 UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France
- INSERM U1210, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Franck Mortreux
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- LBMC, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, 69007 Lyon, France
- CNRS/ENS/UCBL1 UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France
- INSERM U1210, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Philippe E Mangeot
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France
- INSERM U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- CNRS/ENS/UCBL1 UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Théophile Ohlmann
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France
- INSERM U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- CNRS/ENS/UCBL1 UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Chavatte
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France
- INSERM U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- CNRS/ENS/UCBL1 UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
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7
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Abstract
tRNAs are key adaptor molecules that decipher the genetic code during translation of mRNAs in protein synthesis. In contrast to the traditional view of tRNAs as ubiquitously expressed housekeeping molecules, awareness is now growing that tRNA-encoding genes display tissue-specific and cell type-specific patterns of expression, and that tRNA gene expression and function are both dynamically regulated by post-transcriptional RNA modifications. Moreover, dysregulation of tRNAs, mediated by alterations in either their abundance or function, can have deleterious consequences that contribute to several distinct human diseases, including neurological disorders and cancer. Accumulating evidence shows that reprogramming of mRNA translation through altered tRNA activity can drive pathological processes in a codon-dependent manner. This Review considers the emerging evidence in support of the precise control of functional tRNA levels as an important regulatory mechanism that coordinates mRNA translation and protein expression in physiological cell homeostasis, and highlights key examples of human diseases that are linked directly to tRNA dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban A Orellana
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Siegal
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard I Gregory
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Schomburg L. Selenoprotein P - Selenium transport protein, enzyme and biomarker of selenium status. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:150-163. [PMID: 36067902 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The habitual intake of selenium (Se) varies strongly around the world, and many people are at risk of inadequate supply and health risks from Se deficiency. Within the human organism, efficient transport mechanisms ensure that organs with a high demand and relevance for reproduction and survival are preferentially supplied. To this end, selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is synthesized in the liver and mediates Se transport to essential tissues such as the endocrine glands and the brain, where the "SELENOP cycle" maintains a privileged Se status. Mouse models indicate that SELENOP is not essential for life, as supplemental Se supply was capable of preventing the development of severe symptoms. However, knockout mice died under limiting supply, arguing for an essential role of SELENOP in Se deficiency. Many clinical studies support this notion, pointing to close links between health risks and low SELENOP levels. Accordingly, circulating SELENOP concentrations serve as a functional biomarker of Se supply, at least until a saturated status is achieved and SELENOP levels reach a plateau. Upon toxic intake, a further increase in SELENOP is observed, i.e., SELENOP provides information about possible selenosis. The SELENOP transcripts predict an insertion of ten selenocysteine residues. However, the decoding is imperfect, and not all these positions are ultimately occupied by selenocysteine. In addition to the selenocysteine residues near the C-terminus, one selenocysteine resides central within an enzyme-like environment. SELENOP proved capable of catalyzing peroxide degradation in vitro and protecting e.g. LDL particles from oxidation. An enzymatic activity in the intact organism is unclear, but an increasing number of clinical studies provides evidence for a direct involvement of SELENOP-dependent Se transport as an important and modifiable risk factor of disease. This interaction is particularly strong for cardiovascular and critical disease including COVID-19, cancer at various sites and autoimmune thyroiditis. This review briefly highlights the links between the growing knowledge of Se in health and disease over the last 50 years and the specific advances that have been made in our understanding of the physiological and clinical contribution of SELENOP to the current picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Schomburg
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR)-Research Center, Hessische Straße 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Moran C, Schoenmakers N, Visser WE, Schoenmakers E, Agostini M, Chatterjee K. Genetic disorders of thyroid development, hormone biosynthesis and signalling. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 97:502-514. [PMID: 35999191 PMCID: PMC9544560 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Development and differentiation of the thyroid gland is directed by expression of specific transcription factors in the thyroid follicular cell which mediates hormone biosynthesis. Membrane transporters are rate-limiting for cellular entry of thyroid hormones (TH) (T4 and T3) into some tissues, with selenocysteine-containing, deiodinase enzymes (DIO1 and DIO2) converting T4 to the biologically active hormone T3. TH regulate expression of target genes via hormone-inducible nuclear receptors (TRα and TRβ) to exert their physiological effects. Primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) due to thyroid dysgenesis may be mediated by defects in thyroid transcription factors or impaired thyroid stimulating hormone receptor function. Dyshormonogenic CH is usually due to mutations in genes mediating thyroidal iodide transport, organification or iodotyrosine synthesis and recycling. Disorders of TH signalling encompass conditions due to defects in membrane TH transporters, impaired hormone metabolism due to deficiency of deiodinases and syndromes of Resistance to thyroid hormone due to pathogenic variants in either TRα or TRβ. Here, we review the genetic basis, pathogenesis and clinical features of congenital, dysgenetic or dyshormonogenic hypothyroidism and disorders of TH transport, metabolism and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Moran
- Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Beacon Hospital and School of MedicineUniversity CollegeDublinIreland
| | - Nadia Schoenmakers
- Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - W. Edward Visser
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus Medical Center, Academic Center for Thyroid DiseasesRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Erik Schoenmakers
- Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Maura Agostini
- Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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10
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Campo-Sabariz J, García-Vara A, Moral-Anter D, Briens M, Hachemi MA, Pinloche E, Ferrer R, Martín-Venegas R. Hydroxy-Selenomethionine, an Organic Selenium Source, Increases Selenoprotein Expression and Positively Modulates the Inflammatory Response of LPS-Stimulated Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101876. [PMID: 36290599 PMCID: PMC9598155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of 2-hydroxy-(4-methylseleno)butanoic acid (OH-SeMet), a form of organic selenium (Se), in selenoprotein synthesis and inflammatory response of THP1-derived macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been investigated. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, GPX1 gene expression, selenoprotein P (SELENOP) protein and gene expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were studied in Se-deprived conditions (6 and 24 h). Then, macrophages were supplemented with OH-SeMet for 72 h and GPX1 and SELENOP gene expression were determined. The protective effect of OH-SeMet against oxidative stress was studied in H2O2-stimulated macrophages, as well as the effect on GPX1 gene expression, oxidative stress, cytokine production (TNFα, IL-1β and IL-10), and phagocytic and killing capacities after LPS stimulation. Se deprivation induced a reduction in GPX activity, GPX1 gene expression, and SELENOP protein and gene expression at 24 h. OH-SeMet upregulated GPX1 and SELENOP gene expression and decreased ROS production after H2O2 treatment. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, OH-SeMet upregulated GPX1 gene expression, enhanced phagocytic and killing capacities, and reduced ROS and cytokine production. Therefore, OH-SeMet supplementation supports selenoprotein expression and controls oxidative burst and cytokine production while enhancing phagocytic and killing capacities, modulating the inflammatory response, and avoiding the potentially toxic insult produced by highly activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Campo-Sabariz
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana García-Vara
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Moral-Anter
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ruth Ferrer
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Martín-Venegas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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11
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Schweizer U, Fabiano M. Selenoproteins in brain development and function. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:105-115. [PMID: 35961466 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Expression of selenoproteins is widespread in neurons of the central nervous system. There is continuous evidence presented over decades that low levels of selenium or selenoproteins are linked to seizures and epilepsy indicating a failure of the inhibitory system. Many developmental processes in the brain depend on the thyroid hormone T3. T3 levels can be locally increased by the action of iodothyronine deiodinases on the prohormone T4. Since deiodinases are selenoproteins, it is expected that selenoprotein deficiency may affect development of the central nervous system. Studies in genetically modified mice or clinical observations of patients with rare diseases point to a role of selenoproteins in brain development and degeneration. In particular selenoprotein P is central to brain function by virtue of its selenium transport function into and within the brain. We summarize which selenoproteins are essential for the brain, which processes depend on selenoproteins, and what is known about genetic deficiencies of selenoproteins in humans. This review is not intended to cover the potential influence of selenium or selenoproteins on major neurodegenerative disorders in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schweizer
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marietta Fabiano
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Yao B, Yang C, Pan C, Li Y. Thyroid hormone resistance: Mechanisms and therapeutic development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 553:111679. [PMID: 35738449 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
As an essential primary hormone, thyroid hormone (TH) is indispensable for human growth, development and metabolism. Impairment of TH function in several aspects, including TH synthesis, activation, transportation and receptor-dependent transactivation, can eventually lead to thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (RTH). RTH is a rare syndrome that manifests as a reduced target cell response to TH signaling. The majority of RTH cases are related to thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) mutations, and only a few RTH cases are associated with thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) mutations or other causes. Patients with RTH suffer from goiter, mental retardation, short stature and bradycardia or tachycardia. To date, approximately 170 mutated TRβ variants and more than 20 mutated TRα variants at the amino acid level have been reported in RTH patients. In addition to these mutated proteins, some TR isoforms can also reduce TH function by competing with primary TRs for TRE and RXR binding. Fortunately, different treatments for RTH have been explored with structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and drug design, and among these treatments. With thyromimetic potency but biochemical properties that differ from those of primary TH (T3 and T4), these TH analogs can bypass specific defective transporters or reactive mutant TRs. However, these compounds must be carefully applied to avoid over activating TRα, which is associated with more severe heart impairment. The structural mechanisms of mutation-induced RTH in the TR ligand-binding domain are summarized in this review. Furthermore, strategies to overcome this resistance for therapeutic development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benqiang Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | - Chengxi Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, China.
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13
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Dogan SA, Giacchin G, Zito E, Viscomi C. Redox Signaling and Stress in Inherited Myopathies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:301-323. [PMID: 35081731 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive compounds that behave like a double-edged sword; they damage cellular structures and act as second messengers in signal transduction. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are interconnected organelles with a central role in ROS production, detoxification, and oxidative stress response. Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in mammals and one of the most metabolically active ones and thus relies mainly on oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) to synthesize adenosine triphosphate. The impairment of OxPhos leads to myopathy and increased ROS production, thus affecting both redox poise and signaling. In addition, ROS enter the ER and trigger ER stress and its maladaptive response, which also lead to a myopathic phenotype with mitochondrial involvement. Here, we review the role of ROS signaling in myopathies due to either mitochondrial or ER dysfunction. Recent Advances: Relevant advances have been evolving over the last 10 years on the intricate ROS-dependent pathways that act as modifiers of the disease course in several myopathies. To this end, pathways related to mitochondrial biogenesis, satellite cell differentiation, and ER stress have been studied extensively in myopathies. Critical Issues: The analysis of the chemistry and the exact quantitation, as well as the localization of ROS, are still challenging due to the intrinsic labile nature of ROS and the technical limitations of their sensors. Future Directions: The mechanistic studies of the pathogenesis of mitochondrial and ER-related myopathies offer a unique possibility to discover novel ROS-dependent pathways. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 301-323.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukru Anil Dogan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Giacomo Giacchin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ester Zito
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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14
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Lee KW, Shin Y, Lee S, Lee S. Inherited Disorders of Thyroid Hormone Metabolism Defect Caused by the Dysregulation of Selenoprotein Expression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 12:803024. [PMID: 35126314 PMCID: PMC8807339 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.803024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent activation and functioning of thyroid hormones are essential to the human body as a whole, especially in controlling the metabolic rate of all organs and systems. Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones describes any process that interferes with the effectiveness of thyroid hormones. The genetic origin of inherited thyroid hormone defects and the investigation of genetic defects upon the processing of thyroid hormones are of utmost importance. Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone can be categorized into three conditions: thyroid hormone cell membrane transport defect (THCMTD), thyroid hormone metabolism defect (THMD), and thyroid hormone action defect (THAD). THMD is caused by defects in the synthesis and processing of deiodinases that convert the prohormone thyroxine (T4) to the active hormone triiodothyronine (T3). Deiodinase, a selenoprotein, requires unique translation machinery that is collectively composed of the selenocysteine (Sec) insertion sequence (SECIS) elements, Sec-insertion sequence-binding protein 2 (SECISBP2), Sec-specific eukaryotic elongation factor (EEFSEC), and Sec-specific tRNA (TRU-TCA1-1), which leads to the recognition of the UGA codon as a Sec codon for translation into the growing polypeptide. In addition, THMD could be expanded to the defects of enzymes that are involved in thyroid hormone conjugation, such as glucuronidation and sulphation. Paucity of inherited disorders in this category leaves them beyond the scope of this review. This review attempts to specifically explore the genomic causes and effects that result in a significant deficiency of T3 hormones due to inadequate function of deiodinases. Moreover, along with SECISBP2, TRU-TCA1-1, and deiodinase type-1 (DIO1) mutations, this review describes the variants in DIO2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) that result in the reduced activity of DIO2 and subsequent abnormal conversion of T3 from T4. Finally, this review provides additional insight into the general functionality of selenium supplementation and T3/T4 combination treatment in patients with hypothyroidism, suggesting the steps that need to be taken in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoochan Shin
- Laboratory of Genomics and Translational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sungahn Lee
- Laboratory of Genomics and Translational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sihoon Lee
- Laboratory of Genomics and Translational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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15
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Schoenmakers E, Chatterjee K. Human Genetic Disorders Resulting in Systemic Selenoprotein Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12927. [PMID: 34884733 PMCID: PMC8658020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium, a trace element fundamental to human health, is incorporated as the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) into more than 25 proteins, referred to as selenoproteins. Human mutations in SECISBP2, SEPSECS and TRU-TCA1-1, three genes essential in the selenocysteine incorporation pathway, affect the expression of most if not all selenoproteins. Systemic selenoprotein deficiency results in a complex, multifactorial disorder, reflecting loss of selenoprotein function in specific tissues and/or long-term impaired selenoenzyme-mediated defence against oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. SEPSECS mutations are associated with a predominantly neurological phenotype with progressive cerebello-cerebral atrophy. Selenoprotein deficiency due to SECISBP2 and TRU-TCA1-1 defects are characterized by abnormal circulating thyroid hormones due to lack of Sec-containing deiodinases, low serum selenium levels (low SELENOP, GPX3), with additional features (myopathy due to low SELENON; photosensitivity, hearing loss, increased adipose mass and function due to reduced antioxidant and endoplasmic reticulum stress defence) in SECISBP2 cases. Antioxidant therapy ameliorates oxidative damage in cells and tissues of patients, but its longer term benefits remain undefined. Ongoing surveillance of patients enables ascertainment of additional phenotypes which may provide further insights into the role of selenoproteins in human biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
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16
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Lant JT, Kiri R, Duennwald ML, O'Donoghue P. Formation and persistence of polyglutamine aggregates in mistranslating cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11883-11899. [PMID: 34718744 PMCID: PMC8599886 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases, including pathologies with well-known causative alleles, genetic factors that modify severity or age of onset are not entirely understood. We recently documented the unexpected prevalence of transfer RNA (tRNA) mutants in the human population, including variants that cause amino acid mis-incorporation. We hypothesized that a mistranslating tRNA will exacerbate toxicity and modify the molecular pathology of Huntington's disease-causing alleles. We characterized a tRNAPro mutant that mistranslates proline codons with alanine, and tRNASer mutants, including a tRNASerAGA G35A variant with a phenylalanine anticodon (tRNASerAAA) found in ∼2% of the population. The tRNAPro mutant caused synthetic toxicity with a deleterious huntingtin poly-glutamine (polyQ) allele in neuronal cells. The tRNASerAAA variant showed synthetic toxicity with proteasome inhibition but did not enhance toxicity of the huntingtin allele. Cells mistranslating phenylalanine or proline codons with serine had significantly reduced rates of protein synthesis. Mistranslating cells were slow but effective in forming insoluble polyQ aggregates, defective in protein and aggregate degradation, and resistant to the neuroprotective integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB). Our findings identify mistranslating tRNA variants as genetic factors that slow protein aggregation kinetics, inhibit aggregate clearance, and increase drug resistance in cellular models of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T Lant
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Rashmi Kiri
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Martin L Duennwald
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Patrick O'Donoghue
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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17
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Geslot A, Savagner F, Caron P. Inherited Selenocysteine Transfer RNA Mutation: Clinical and Hormonal Evaluation of 2 Patients. Eur Thyroid J 2021; 10:542-547. [PMID: 34956927 PMCID: PMC8647050 DOI: 10.1159/000518275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Iodothyronine deiodinases are selenoproteins with the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) introduced into the position of a TGA stop codon by a complex machinery involving tRNA[Ser]Sec when a cis-acting Sec-insertion sequence element is present in the 3' end of the mRNA. Recently, a variant in the TRU-TCA1-1 gene encoding for tRNA[Ser]Sec was reported, which resulted in reduced expression of stress-related selenoproteins. The proband presented with multisystem symptoms, euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia, and selenium deficiency. Here, we describe 2 new members of a family harboring the same tRNA[Ser]Sec variant. CASE PRESENTATION A 13-year-old patient was seen for Hashimoto's disease with high FT3 (4.6 pg/mL, normal range 2-4.2 pg/mL) and normal FT4 and TSH concentrations. He had no clinical complaints. During a 6-year clinical and hormonal follow-up, the index patient was not treated, FT3 decreased, FT4 increased, and serum TSH stayed in the normal range resulting in a euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia. Reverse T3 concentration was significantly increased at the last visit (19 years and 4 months). At the last evaluation, the total selenium level was low (91 μg/L, normal range 95-125). DNA sequencing identified a germinal homozygous variant (C65G) in the TRU-TCA1-1 gene. During follow-up, no additional clinical symptom was observed in the absence of any treatment. The same germinal tRNA[Ser]Sec variant was identified at heterozygous state in his father, who had normal thyroid function tests except a moderately increased reverse T3 concentration, with increased total selenium (143 μg/L) level. In both patients, the expression of stress-related selenoprotein GPX3 was in the low-normal range (168 and 180 IU/L, respectively, normal range: 150-558 IU/L). We did not find any significant biological abnormalities evocative of other selenoprotein deficiencies. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION We report on 2 members of a family with a variant in the TRU-TCA1-1 gene encoding for tRNA[Ser]Sec. Our study suggests that this tRNA[Ser]Sec variant is not exclusively causative of disruption in selenoprotein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Geslot
- Department of Endocrinology and metabolic diseases, CHU Larrey, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Philippe Caron
- Department of Endocrinology and metabolic diseases, CHU Larrey, Toulouse, France
- *Philippe Caron,
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18
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Santesmasses D, Gladyshev VN. Pathogenic Variants in Selenoproteins and Selenocysteine Biosynthesis Machinery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11593. [PMID: 34769022 PMCID: PMC8584023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is incorporated into selenoproteins as the 21st amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). There are 25 selenoproteins encoded in the human genome, and their synthesis requires a dedicated machinery. Most selenoproteins are oxidoreductases with important functions in human health. A number of disorders have been associated with deficiency of selenoproteins, caused by mutations in selenoprotein genes or Sec machinery genes. We discuss mutations that are known to cause disease in humans and report their allele frequencies in the general population. The occurrence of protein-truncating variants in the same genes is also presented. We provide an overview of pathogenic variants in selenoproteins genes from a population genomics perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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19
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Fradejas-Villar N, Bohleber S, Zhao W, Reuter U, Kotter A, Helm M, Knoll R, McFarland R, Taylor RW, Mo Y, Miyauchi K, Sakaguchi Y, Suzuki T, Schweizer U. The Effect of tRNA [Ser]Sec Isopentenylation on Selenoprotein Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111454. [PMID: 34768885 PMCID: PMC8583801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNA[Ser]Sec carries multiple post-transcriptional modifications. The A37G mutation in tRNA[Ser]Sec abrogates isopentenylation of base 37 and has a profound effect on selenoprotein expression in mice. Patients with a homozygous pathogenic p.R323Q variant in tRNA-isopentenyl-transferase (TRIT1) show a severe neurological disorder, and hence we wondered whether selenoprotein expression was impaired. Patient fibroblasts with the homozygous p.R323Q variant did not show a general decrease in selenoprotein expression. However, recombinant human TRIT1R323Q had significantly diminished activities towards several tRNA substrates in vitro. We thus engineered mice conditionally deficient in Trit1 in hepatocytes and neurons. Mass-spectrometry revealed that hypermodification of U34 to mcm5Um occurs independently of isopentenylation of A37 in tRNA[Ser]Sec. Western blotting and 75Se metabolic labeling showed only moderate effects on selenoprotein levels and 75Se incorporation. A detailed analysis of Trit1-deficient liver using ribosomal profiling demonstrated that UGA/Sec re-coding was moderately affected in Selenop, Txnrd1, and Sephs2, but not in Gpx1. 2′O-methylation of U34 in tRNA[Ser]Sec depends on FTSJ1, but does not affect UGA/Sec re-coding in selenoprotein translation. Taken together, our results show that a lack of isopentenylation of tRNA[Ser]Sec affects UGA/Sec read-through but differs from a A37G mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Fradejas-Villar
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (N.F.-V.); (S.B.); (W.Z.); (U.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Simon Bohleber
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (N.F.-V.); (S.B.); (W.Z.); (U.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (N.F.-V.); (S.B.); (W.Z.); (U.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Uschi Reuter
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (N.F.-V.); (S.B.); (W.Z.); (U.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Annika Kotter
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Rainer Knoll
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (N.F.-V.); (S.B.); (W.Z.); (U.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (R.M.); (R.W.T.)
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (R.M.); (R.W.T.)
| | - Yufeng Mo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.M.); (Y.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Kenjyo Miyauchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.M.); (Y.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuriko Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.M.); (Y.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Tsutomu Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.M.); (Y.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Ulrich Schweizer
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (N.F.-V.); (S.B.); (W.Z.); (U.R.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Lipid peroxidation products as a mediator of toxicity and adaptive response - The regulatory role of selenoprotein and vitamin E. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 703:108840. [PMID: 33744199 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation and its products have been investigated extensively and their biological importance, particularly in relation to physiological and pathophysiological conditions, has received considerable attention. Lipids are oxidized by three distinct mechanisms, i.e., enzymatic oxidation, nonenzymatic, free radical-mediated oxidation, and nonenzymatic, nonradical-mediated oxidation, which respectively yield specific products. Lipid hydroperoxides are the major primary products formed and are reduced to the corresponding hydroxides by antioxidative enzymes such as selenoproteins, and/or undergo secondary oxidation, generating various products with electrophilic properties, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Lipid peroxidation induces a loss of fine structure and natural function of lipids, and can produce cytotoxicity and/or novel biological activity. This review broadly discusses the mechanisms of lipid peroxidation and its products, its utility as a biomarker for oxidative stress, the biological effects of lipid peroxidation products, including their action as a mediator of the adaptive response, and the role of the antioxidant system, particularly selenoproteins and vitamin E, in preventing lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.
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21
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Schweizer U, Bohleber S, Zhao W, Fradejas-Villar N. The Neurobiology of Selenium: Looking Back and to the Future. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:652099. [PMID: 33732108 PMCID: PMC7959785 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.652099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighteen years ago, unexpected epileptic seizures in Selenop-knockout mice pointed to a potentially novel, possibly underestimated, and previously difficult to study role of selenium (Se) in the mammalian brain. This mouse model was the key to open the field of molecular mechanisms, i.e., to delineate the roles of selenium and individual selenoproteins in the brain, and answer specific questions like: how does Se enter the brain; which processes and which cell types are dependent on selenoproteins; and, what are the individual roles of selenoproteins in the brain? Many of these questions have been answered and much progress is being made to fill remaining gaps. Mouse and human genetics have together boosted the field tremendously, in addition to traditional biochemistry and cell biology. As always, new questions have become apparent or more pressing with solving older questions. We will briefly summarize what we know about selenoproteins in the human brain, glance over to the mouse as a useful model, and then discuss new questions and directions the field might take in the next 18 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schweizer
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Bohleber
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Noelia Fradejas-Villar
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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22
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Köhrle J. Selenium in Endocrinology-Selenoprotein-Related Diseases, Population Studies, and Epidemiological Evidence. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6056471. [PMID: 33382424 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), apart from iodine, iron, and calcium, is one of the nutrient-derived key elements strongly affecting the endocrine system. However, no specific hormonal "feedback" regulation for Se status has yet been identified, in contrast to the fine-tuned hormone network regulating Ca2+ and phosphate balance or hepcidin-related iron status. Since its discovery as an essential trace element, the effects of Se excess or deficiency on the endocrine system or components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-periphery feedback circuits, the thyroid hormone axis, glucoregulatory and adrenal hormones, male and female gonads, the musculoskeletal apparatus, and skin have been identified. Analysis of the Se status in the blood or via validated biomarkers such as the hepatically derived selenoprotein P provides valuable diagnostic insight and a rational basis for decision making on required therapeutic or preventive supplementation of risk groups or patients. Endocrine-related epidemiological and interventional evidence linking Se status to beneficial or potentially adverse actions of selected selenoproteins mediating most of the (patho-) physiological effects are discussed in this mini-review. Autoimmune thyroid disease, diabetes and obesity, male fertility, as well as osteoporosis are examples for which observational or interventional studies have indicated Se effects. The currently prevailing concept relating Se and selenoproteins to "oxidative stress," reactive oxygen species, radical hypotheses, and related strategies of pharmacological approaches based on various selenium compounds will not be the focus. The crucial biological function of several selenoproteins in cellular redox-regulation and specific enzyme reactions in endocrine pathways will be addressed and put in clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Santesmasses D, Mariotti M, Gladyshev VN. Tolerance to Selenoprotein Loss Differs between Human and Mouse. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:341-354. [PMID: 31560400 PMCID: PMC6993852 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse has emerged as the most common model organism in biomedicine. Here, we analyzed the tolerance to the loss-of-function (LoF) of selenoprotein genes, estimated from mouse knockouts and the frequency of LoF variants in humans. We found not only a general correspondence in tolerance (e.g., GPX1, GPX2) and intolerance (TXNRD1, SELENOT) to gene LoF between humans and mice but also important differences. Notably, humans are intolerant to the loss of iodothyronine deiodinases, whereas their deletion in mice leads to mild phenotypes, and this is consistent with phenotype differences in selenocysteine machinery loss between these species. In contrast, loss of TXNRD2 and GPX4 is lethal in mice but may be tolerated in humans. We further identified the first human SELENOP variants coding for proteins varying in selenocysteine content. Finally, our analyses suggested that premature termination codons in selenoprotein genes trigger nonsense-mediated decay, but do this inefficiently when UGA codon is gained. Overall, our study highlights differences in the physiological importance of selenoproteins between human and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didac Santesmasses
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marco Mariotti
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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24
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Schoenmakers E, Chatterjee K. Human Disorders Affecting the Selenocysteine Incorporation Pathway Cause Systemic Selenoprotein Deficiency. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:481-497. [PMID: 32295391 PMCID: PMC7409586 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Generalized selenoprotein deficiency has been associated with mutations in SECISBP2, SEPSECS, and TRU-TCA1-1, 3 factors that are crucial for incorporation of the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) into at least 25 human selenoproteins. SECISBP2 and TRU-TCA1-1 defects are characterized by a multisystem phenotype due to deficiencies of antioxidant and tissue-specific selenoproteins, together with abnormal thyroid hormone levels reflecting impaired hormone metabolism by deiodinase selenoenzymes. SEPSECS mutations are associated with a predominantly neurological phenotype with progressive cerebello-cerebral atrophy. Recent Advances: The recent identification of individuals with defects in genes encoding components of the selenocysteine insertion pathway has delineated complex and multisystem disorders, reflecting a lack of selenoproteins in specific tissues, oxidative damage due to lack of oxidoreductase-active selenoproteins and other pathways whose nature is unclear. Critical Issues: Abnormal thyroid hormone metabolism in patients can be corrected by triiodothyronine (T3) treatment. No specific therapies for other phenotypes (muscular dystrophy, male infertility, hearing loss, neurodegeneration) exist as yet, but their severity often requires supportive medical intervention. Future Directions: These disorders provide unique insights into the role of selenoproteins in humans. The long-term consequences of reduced cellular antioxidant capacity remain unknown, and future surveillance of patients may reveal time-dependent phenotypes (e.g., neoplasia, aging) or consequences of deficiency of selenoproteins whose function remains to be elucidated. The role of antioxidant therapies requires evaluation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 33, 481-497.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Schoenmakers
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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25
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Xu H, Suzuki N, Takahashi A, Ohishi T, Goseki R, Xie XM, Otsuka H. Structural reorganization and crack-healing properties of hydrogels based on dynamic diselenide linkages. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2020; 21:450-460. [PMID: 32939170 PMCID: PMC7476519 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2020.1783967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the dynamic behavior of diselenide-containing hydrophilic polyurethanes and hydrogels based on diselenide exchange reactions in an aqueous media. Diselenide-containing linear and cross-linked polyurethanes were synthesized via polyaddition reactions using diselenide-containing diol in combination with pyridinium diol that enhances the hydrophilicity of the polymer chains. The obtained linear polyurethanes underwent photo-induced diselenide exchange reactions with small diselenide compounds and degraded to smaller fragments, confirming the dynamicity of the obtained hydrophilic polyurethanes. The prepared hydrogels displayed characteristic large swelling behavior based on the structural reorganization through diselenide exchange either under photo-irradiation at 365 nm or even in the dark at room temperature. The diselenide-containing hydrogels also showed crack-healing behavior under the same exchanging conditions, presenting the utility of diselenide linkages as simple and useful units to offer high dynamicity to hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nao Suzuki
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohishi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raita Goseki
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xu-Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Romanelli-Credrez L, Doitsidou M, Alkema MJ, Salinas G. HIF-1 Has a Central Role in Caenorhabditis elegans Organismal Response to Selenium. Front Genet 2020; 11:63. [PMID: 32161616 PMCID: PMC7052493 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is a trace element for most organisms; its deficiency and excess are detrimental. Selenium beneficial effects are mainly due to the role of the 21st genetically encoded amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). Selenium also exerts Sec-independent beneficial effects. Its harmful effects are thought to be mainly due to non-specific incorporation in protein synthesis. Yet the selenium response in animals is poorly understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, Sec is genetically incorporated into a single selenoprotein. Similar to mammals, a 20-fold excess of the optimal selenium requirement is harmful. Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) excess causes development retardation, impaired growth, and neurodegeneration of motor neurons. To study the organismal response to selenium we performed a genetic screen for C. elegans mutants that are resistant to selenite. We isolated non-sense and missense egl-9/EGLN mutants that confer robust resistance to selenium. In contrast, hif-1/HIF null mutant was highly sensitive to selenium, establishing a role for this transcription factor in the selenium response. We showed that EGL-9 regulates HIF-1 activity through VHL-1, and identified CYSL-1 as a key sensor that transduces the selenium signal. Finally, we showed that the key enzymes involved in sulfide and sulfite stress (sulfide quinone oxidoreductase and sulfite oxidase) are not required for selenium resistance. In contrast, knockout strains in the persulfide dioxygenase ETHE-1 and the sulfurtransferase MPST-7 affect the organismal response to selenium. In sum, our results identified a transcriptional pathway as well as enzymes possibly involved in the organismal selenium response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Romanelli-Credrez
- Laboratorio de Biología de Gusanos. Unidad Mixta, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República-Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Maria Doitsidou
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences (CDBS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Alkema
- Neurobiology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Gustavo Salinas
- Laboratorio de Biología de Gusanos. Unidad Mixta, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República-Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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27
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Abstract
The field of thyroid hormone signaling has grown more complex in recent years. In particular, it has been suggested that some thyroid hormone derivatives, tentatively named "novel thyroid hormones" or "active thyroid hormone metabolites", may act as independent chemical messengers. They include 3,5-diiodothyronine (T2), 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), and several iodothyroacetic acids, i.e., 3,5,3',5'-thyroacetic acid (TA4), 3,5,3'-thyroacetic acid (TA3), and 3-thyroacetic acid (TA1). We summarize the present knowledge on these compounds, namely their biosynthetic pathways, endogenous levels, molecular targets, and the functional effects elicited in experimental preparations or intact animals after exogenous administration. Their physiological and pathophysiological role is discussed, and potential therapeutic applications are outlined. The requirements needed to qualify these substances as chemical messengers must still be validated, although promising evidence has been collected. At present, the best candidate to the role of independent chemical messenger appears to be T1AM, and its most interesting effects concern metabolism and brain function. The responses elicited in experimental animals have suggested potential therapeutic applications. TA3 has an established role in thyroid hormone resistance syndromes, and is under investigation in Allen-Herndon-Dudley syndrome. Other potential targets are represented by obesity and dyslipidemia (for T2 and T1AM); dementia and degenerative brain disease (for T1AM and TA1); cancer (for T1AM and TA4). Another intriguing and unexplored question is the potential relevance of these metabolites in the clinical picture of hypothyroidism and in the response to replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Zucchi
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy.
| | | | - Federica Saponaro
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy
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28
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Rocca C, Pasqua T, Boukhzar L, Anouar Y, Angelone T. Progress in the emerging role of selenoproteins in cardiovascular disease: focus on endoplasmic reticulum-resident selenoproteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3969-3985. [PMID: 31218451 PMCID: PMC11105271 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the most important health problems of developed countries. One of the main actors involved in the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases is the increased production of reactive oxygen species that, through lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA damage, induce oxidative stress and cell death. Basic and clinical research are ongoing to better understand the endogenous antioxidant mechanisms that counteract oxidative stress, which may allow to identify a possible therapeutic targeting/application in the field of stress-dependent cardiovascular pathologies. In this context, increasing attention is paid to the glutathione/glutathione-peroxidase and to the thioredoxin/thioredoxin-reductase systems, among the most potent endogenous antioxidative systems. These key enzymes, belonging to the selenoprotein family, have a well-established function in the regulation of the oxidative cell balance. The aim of the present review was to highlight the role of selenoproteins in cardiovascular diseases, introducing the emerging cardioprotective role of endoplasmic reticulum-resident members and in particular one of them, namely selenoprotein T or SELENOT. Accumulating evidence indicates that the dysfunction of different selenoproteins is involved in the susceptibility to oxidative stress and its associated cardiovascular alterations, such as congestive heart failure, coronary diseases, impaired cardiac structure and function. Some of them are under investigation as useful pathological biomarkers. In addition, SELENOT exhibited intriguing cardioprotective effects by reducing the cardiac ischemic damage, in terms of infarct size and performance. In conclusion, selenoproteins could represent valuable targets to treat and diagnose cardiovascular diseases secondary to oxidative stress, opening a new avenue in the field of related therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho-physiology, Department of Biology, E. and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Rouen-Normandie University, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho-physiology, Department of Biology, E. and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- "Fondazione Umberto Veronesi", Milan, Italy
| | - Loubna Boukhzar
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Rouen-Normandie University, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Youssef Anouar
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Rouen-Normandie University, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho-physiology, Department of Biology, E. and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.
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Mosca P, Leheup B, Dreumont N. Nutrigenomics and RNA methylation: Role of micronutrients. Biochimie 2019; 164:53-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Berg MD, Giguere DJ, Dron JS, Lant JT, Genereaux J, Liao C, Wang J, Robinson JF, Gloor GB, Hegele RA, O'Donoghue P, Brandl CJ. Targeted sequencing reveals expanded genetic diversity of human transfer RNAs. RNA Biol 2019; 16:1574-1585. [PMID: 31407949 PMCID: PMC6779403 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1646079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNAs are required to translate genetic information into proteins as well as regulate other cellular processes. Nucleotide changes in tRNAs can result in loss or gain of function that impact the composition and fidelity of the proteome. Despite links between tRNA variation and disease, the importance of cytoplasmic tRNA variation has been overlooked. Using a custom capture panel, we sequenced 605 human tRNA-encoding genes from 84 individuals. We developed a bioinformatic pipeline that allows more accurate tRNA read mapping and identifies multiple polymorphisms occurring within the same variant. Our analysis identified 522 unique tRNA-encoding sequences that differed from the reference genome from 84 individuals. Each individual had ~66 tRNA variants including nine variants found in less than 5% of our sample group. Variants were identified throughout the tRNA structure with 17% predicted to enhance function. Eighteen anticodon mutants were identified including potentially mistranslating tRNAs; e.g., a tRNASer that decodes Phe codons. Similar engineered tRNA variants were previously shown to inhibit cell growth, increase apoptosis and induce the unfolded protein response in mammalian cell cultures and chick embryos. Our analysis shows that human tRNA variation has been underestimated. We conclude that the large number of tRNA genes provides a buffer enabling the emergence of variants, some of which could contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Berg
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Daniel J Giguere
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Jacqueline S Dron
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Jeremy T Lant
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Julie Genereaux
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Calwing Liao
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Jian Wang
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - John F Robinson
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Gregory B Gloor
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada.,Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Patrick O'Donoghue
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Christopher J Brandl
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
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31
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Bianco AC, Dumitrescu A, Gereben B, Ribeiro MO, Fonseca TL, Fernandes GW, Bocco BMLC. Paradigms of Dynamic Control of Thyroid Hormone Signaling. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1000-1047. [PMID: 31033998 PMCID: PMC6596318 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) molecules enter cells via membrane transporters and, depending on the cell type, can be activated (i.e., T4 to T3 conversion) or inactivated (i.e., T3 to 3,3'-diiodo-l-thyronine or T4 to reverse T3 conversion). These reactions are catalyzed by the deiodinases. The biologically active hormone, T3, eventually binds to intracellular TH receptors (TRs), TRα and TRβ, and initiate TH signaling, that is, regulation of target genes and other metabolic pathways. At least three families of transmembrane transporters, MCT, OATP, and LAT, facilitate the entry of TH into cells, which follow the gradient of free hormone between the extracellular fluid and the cytoplasm. Inactivation or marked downregulation of TH transporters can dampen TH signaling. At the same time, dynamic modifications in the expression or activity of TRs and transcriptional coregulators can affect positively or negatively the intensity of TH signaling. However, the deiodinases are the element that provides greatest amplitude in dynamic control of TH signaling. Cells that express the activating deiodinase DIO2 can rapidly enhance TH signaling due to intracellular buildup of T3. In contrast, TH signaling is dampened in cells that express the inactivating deiodinase DIO3. This explains how THs can regulate pathways in development, metabolism, and growth, despite rather stable levels in the circulation. As a consequence, TH signaling is unique for each cell (tissue or organ), depending on circulating TH levels and on the exclusive blend of transporters, deiodinases, and TRs present in each cell. In this review we explore the key mechanisms underlying customization of TH signaling during development, in health and in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C Bianco
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexandra Dumitrescu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center of Biologic Sciences and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana L Fonseca
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gustavo W Fernandes
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Barbara M L C Bocco
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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32
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Guevara-Flores A, Martínez-González JDJ, Herrera-Juárez ÁM, Rendón JL, González-Andrade M, Torres Durán PV, Enríquez-Habib RG, del Arenal Mena IP. Effect of curcuminoids and curcumin derivate products on thioredoxin-glutathione reductase from Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Evidence suggesting a curcumin oxidation product as a suitable inhibitor. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220098. [PMID: 31329647 PMCID: PMC6645542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma is a traditional ingredient of some Eastern cuisines, and the spice is heralded for its antitumoral and antiparasitic properties. In this report, we examine the effect of the curcuminoides which include curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bis-demethoxycurcumin (BDMC), as well as curcumin degradation products on thioredoxin glutathione reductase from Taenia crassiceps cysticerci Results revealed that both DMC and BDMC were inhibitors of TGR activity in the micromolar concentration range. By contrast, the inhibitory ability of curcumin was a time-dependent process. Kinetic and spectroscopical evidence suggests that an intermediary compound of curcumin oxidation, probably spiroepoxide, is responsible. Preincubation of curcumin in the presence of NADPH, but not glutathione disulfide (GSSG), resulted in the loss of its inhibitory ability, suggesting a reductive stabilizing effect. Similarly, preincubation of curcumin with sulfhydryl compounds fully protected the enzyme from inhibition. Degradation products were tested for their inhibitory potential, and 4-vinylguaiacol was the best inhibitor (IC50 = 12.9 μM), followed by feruloylmethane (IC50 = 122 μM), vanillin (IC50 = 127 μM), and ferulic aldehyde (IC50 = 180 μM). The acid derivatives ferulic acid (IC50 = 465 μM) and vanillic acid (IC50 = 657 μM) were poor inhibitors. On the other hand, results from docking analysis revealed a common binding site on the enzyme for all the compounds, albeit interacting with different amino acid residues. Dissociation constants obtained from the docking were in accord with the inhibitory efficiency of the curcumin degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Guevara-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Juan Luis Rendón
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martín González-Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Raúl Guillermo Enríquez-Habib
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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33
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Vindry C, Guillin O, Mangeot PE, Ohlmann T, Chavatte L. A Versatile Strategy to Reduce UGA-Selenocysteine Recoding Efficiency of the Ribosome Using CRISPR-Cas9-Viral-Like-Particles Targeting Selenocysteine-tRNA [Ser]Sec Gene. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060574. [PMID: 31212706 PMCID: PMC6627462 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The translation of selenoprotein mRNAs involves a non-canonical ribosomal event in which an in-frame UGA is recoded as a selenocysteine (Sec) codon instead of being read as a stop codon. The recoding machinery is centered around two dedicated RNA components: The selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) located in the 3′ UTR of the mRNA and the selenocysteine-tRNA (Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec). This translational UGA-selenocysteine recoding event by the ribosome is a limiting stage of selenoprotein expression. Its efficiency is controlled by the SECIS, the Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec and their interacting protein partners. In the present work, we used a recently developed CRISPR strategy based on murine leukemia virus-like particles (VLPs) loaded with Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoproteins to inactivate the Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec gene in human cell lines. We showed that these CRISPR-Cas9-VLPs were able to induce efficient genome-editing in Hek293, HepG2, HaCaT, HAP1, HeLa, and LNCaP cell lines and this caused a robust reduction of selenoprotein expression. The alteration of selenoprotein expression was the direct consequence of lower levels of Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec and thus a decrease in translational recoding efficiency of the ribosome. This novel strategy opens many possibilities to study the impact of selenoprotein deficiency in hard-to-transfect cells, since these CRISPR-Cas9-VLPs have a wide tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vindry
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France.
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69342 Lyon, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Olivia Guillin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France.
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69342 Lyon, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Philippe E Mangeot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France.
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69342 Lyon, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Théophile Ohlmann
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France.
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69342 Lyon, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Laurent Chavatte
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France.
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69342 Lyon, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France.
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34
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Zhang X, Liu RP, Cheng WH, Zhu JH. Prioritized brain selenium retention and selenoprotein expression: Nutritional insights into Parkinson's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 180:89-96. [PMID: 30998939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), an essential trace mineral, confers its physiological functions mainly through selenoproteins, most of which are oxidoreductases. Results from animal, epidemiological, and human genetic studies link Parkinson's disease to Se and certain selenoproteins. Parkinson's disease is characterized by multiple motor and non-motor symptoms that are difficult to diagnose at early stages of the pathogenesis. While irreversible, degenerative and age-related, the onset of Parkinson's disease may be delayed through proper dietary and environmental controls. One particular attribute of Se biology is that brain has the highest priority to receive and retain this nutrient even in Se deficiency. Thus, brain Se deficiency is rare; however, a strong body of recent evidence implicates selenoprotein dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Direct and indirect evidence from mouse models implicate selenoprotein T, glutathione peroxidase 1, selenoprotein P and glutathione peroxidase 4 in counteracting Parkinson's disease through Se transportation to the brain and reduced oxidative stress. It is of future interest to further characterize the full selenoproteomes in various types of brain cells and elucidate the mechanism of their actions in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong-Pei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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35
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Kim E, Dede M, Lenoir WF, Wang G, Srinivasan S, Colic M, Hart T. A network of human functional gene interactions from knockout fitness screens in cancer cells. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/2/e201800278. [PMID: 30979825 PMCID: PMC6464042 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of human genes can be strongly inferred from their knockout fitness profiles across hundreds of CRISPR screens, illuminating the modular organization of the cell. Genetic interactions mediate the emergence of phenotype from genotype. The systematic survey of genetic interactions in yeast showed that genes operating in the same biological process have highly correlated genetic interaction profiles, and this observation has been exploited to infer gene function in model organisms. Such assays of digenic perturbations in human cells are also highly informative, but are not scalable, even with CRISPR-mediated methods. As an alternative, we developed an indirect method of deriving functional interactions. We show that genes having correlated knockout fitness profiles across diverse, non-isogenic cell lines are analogous to genes having correlated genetic interaction profiles across isogenic query strains and similarly imply shared biological function. We constructed a network of genes with correlated fitness profiles across 276 high-quality CRISPR knockout screens in cancer cell lines into a “coessentiality network,” with up to 500-fold enrichment for co-functional gene pairs, enabling strong inference of gene function and highlighting the modular organization of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiru Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Merve Dede
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Walter F Lenoir
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sanjana Srinivasan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Medina Colic
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Traver Hart
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA .,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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36
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Lant JT, Berg MD, Heinemann IU, Brandl CJ, O'Donoghue P. Pathways to disease from natural variations in human cytoplasmic tRNAs. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5294-5308. [PMID: 30643023 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev118.002982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfectly accurate translation of mRNA into protein is not a prerequisite for life. Resulting from errors in protein synthesis, mistranslation occurs in all cells, including human cells. The human genome encodes >600 tRNA genes, providing both the raw material for genetic variation and a buffer to ensure that resulting translation errors occur at tolerable levels. On the basis of data from the 1000 Genomes Project, we highlight the unanticipated prevalence of mistranslating tRNA variants in the human population and review studies on synthetic and natural tRNA mutations that cause mistranslation or de-regulate protein synthesis. Although mitochondrial tRNA variants are well known to drive human diseases, including developmental disorders, few studies have revealed a role for human cytoplasmic tRNA mutants in disease. In the context of the unexpectedly large number of tRNA variants in the human population, the emerging literature suggests that human diseases may be affected by natural tRNA variants that cause mistranslation or de-regulate tRNA expression and nucleotide modification. This review highlights examples relevant to genetic disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration in which cytoplasmic tRNA variants directly cause or exacerbate disease and disease-linked phenotypes in cells, animal models, and humans. In the near future, tRNAs may be recognized as useful genetic markers to predict the onset or severity of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrick O'Donoghue
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and .,Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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37
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The genomics of selenium: Its past, present and future. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2427-2432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Selenium has transitioned from an environmental poison and carcinogen to an essential micronutrient associated with a broad array of health promoting effects. These beneficial effects are now accepted to be linked to its incorporation into selenoproteins, a family of rare proteins utilizing a specialized translation machinery to integrate selenium in the form of selenocysteine. Despite this recognized role, much less is known regarding the actual role of selenium in these proteins. Here, we will provide the reader with an overview of the essential role of specific selenoproteins and their link to pathology based on mouse studies and relevant mutations discovered in humans. Additionally, we will cover recent insights linking a non-interchangeable role for selenium in glutathione peroxidase 4 and its function in suppressing ferroptosis. This critical dependency ultimately generates a strong reliance on metabolic pathways that regulate selenium metabolism and its incorporation into proteins, such as the mevalonate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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39
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Fradejas-Villar N. Consequences of mutations and inborn errors of selenoprotein biosynthesis and functions. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:206-214. [PMID: 29709707 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In its 200 years of history, selenium has been defined first as a toxic element and finally as a micronutrient. Selenium is incorporated into selenoproteins as selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st proteinogenic amino acid codified by a stop codon. Specific biosynthetic factors recode UGA stop codon as Sec. The significance of selenoproteins in human health is manifested through the identification of patients with inborn errors in selenoproteins or their biosynthetic factors. Selenoprotein N-related myopathy was the first disease identified due to mutations in a selenoprotein gene. Mutations in GPX4 were linked to Sedaghatian disease, characterized by bone and brain anomalies and cardiorespiratory failure. Mutations in TXNRD2 produced familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Genetic generalized epilepsy was associated with mutations in TXNRD1 gene. Mutations in biosynthetic factors as SEPSECS, SECISBP2 and even tRNA[Ser]Sec, have been also related to diseases. Thus, SEPSECS mutations produce a neurodegenerative disease called now pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2D (PCH2D). SECISBP2 syndrome, caused by SECISBP2 mutations, is a multifactorial disease affecting mainly thyroid metabolism, bone, inner ear and muscle. Similar symptoms were reproduced in a patient carrying a mutation in tRNA[Ser]Sec gene, TRU-TCA1-1. This review describes human genetic disorders caused by selenoprotein deficiency. Human phenotypes will be compared with mouse models to explain the pathologic mechanisms of lack of selenoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Fradejas-Villar
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Nussallee 11, 53115 Bonn Germany.
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40
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Selenium-Related Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092665. [PMID: 30205557 PMCID: PMC6163693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The selenium content of the body is known to control the expression levels of numerous genes, both so-called selenoproteins and non-selenoproteins. Selenium is a trace element essential to human health, and its deficiency is related to, for instance, cardiovascular and myodegenerative diseases, infertility and osteochondropathy called Kashin–Beck disease. It is incorporated as selenocysteine to the selenoproteins, which protect against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. They also participate in the activation of the thyroid hormone, and play a role in immune system functioning. The synthesis and incorporation of selenocysteine occurs via a special mechanism, which differs from the one used for standard amino acids. The codon for selenocysteine is a regular in-frame stop codon, which can be passed by a specific complex machinery participating in translation elongation and termination. This includes a presence of selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) in the 3′-untranslated part of the selenoprotein mRNAs. Nonsense-mediated decay is involved in the regulation of the selenoprotein mRNA levels, but other mechanisms are also possible. Recent transcriptional analyses of messenger RNAs, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs combined with proteomic data of samples from Keshan and Kashin–Beck disease patients have identified new possible cellular pathways related to transcriptional regulation by selenium.
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41
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Park E, Jung J, Araki O, Tsunekawa K, Park SY, Kim J, Murakami M, Jeong SY, Lee S. Concurrent TSHR mutations and DIO2 T92A polymorphism result in abnormal thyroid hormone metabolism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10090. [PMID: 29973617 PMCID: PMC6031622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deiodinase 2 (DIO2) plays an important role in thyroid hormone metabolism and its regulation. However, molecular mechanism that regulates DIO2 activity remains unclear; only mutaions in selenocysteine insertion sequence binding protein 2 and selenocysteine tranfer RNA (tRNA[Ser]Sec) are reported to result in decreased DIO2 activity. Two patients with clinical evidence of abnormal thyroid hormone metabolism were identified and found to have TSHR mutations as well as DIO2 T92A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Primary-cultured fibroblasts from one patient present a high level of basal DIO2 enzymatic activity, possibly due to compensation by augmented DIO2 expression. However, this high enzymatic active state yet fails to respond to accelerating TSH. Consequently, TSHR mutations along with DIO2 T92A SNP ("double hit") may lead to a significant reduction in DIO2 activity stimulated by TSH, and thereby may have clinical relevance in a select population of hypothyroidism patients who might benefit from a T3/T4 combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkuk Park
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department of Internal medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Osamu Araki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tsunekawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Masami Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Seon-Yong Jeong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sihoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory of Genomics and Translational Medicine, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Zoidis E, Seremelis I, Kontopoulos N, Danezis GP. Selenium-Dependent Antioxidant Enzymes: Actions and Properties of Selenoproteins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E66. [PMID: 29758013 PMCID: PMC5981252 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7050066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other essential trace elements that interact with proteins in the form of cofactors, selenium (Se) becomes co-translationally incorporated into the polypeptide chain as part of 21st naturally occurring amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), encoded by the UGA codon. Any protein that includes Sec in its polypeptide chain is defined as selenoprotein. Members of the selenoproteins family exert various functions and their synthesis depends on specific cofactors and on dietary Se. The Se intake in productive animals such as chickens affect nutrient utilization, production performances, antioxidative status and responses of the immune system. Although several functions of selenoproteins are unknown, many disorders are related to alterations in selenoprotein expression or activity. Selenium insufficiency and polymorphisms or mutations in selenoproteins' genes and synthesis cofactors are involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, immune dysfunctions, cancer, muscle and bone disorders, endocrine functions and neurological disorders. Finally, heavy metal poisoning decreases mRNA levels of selenoproteins and increases mRNA levels of inflammatory factors, underlying the antagonistic effect of Se. This review is an update on Se dependent antioxidant enzymes, presenting the current state of the art and is focusing on results obtained mainly in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Zoidis
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Isidoros Seremelis
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Kontopoulos
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgios P Danezis
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
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Translation regulation of mammalian selenoproteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2480-2492. [PMID: 29751099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in selenium research has considerably grown over the last decades owing to the association of selenium deficiencies with an increased risk of several human diseases, including cancers, cardiovascular disorders and infectious diseases. The discovery of a genetically encoded 21st amino acid, selenocysteine, is a fascinating breakthrough in molecular biology as it is the first addition to the genetic code deciphered in the 1960s. Selenocysteine is a structural and functional analog of cysteine, where selenium replaces sulfur, and its presence is critical for the catalytic activity of selenoproteins. SCOPE OF REVIEW The insertion of selenocysteine is a non-canonical translational event, based on the recoding of a UGA codon in selenoprotein mRNAs, normally used as a stop codon in other cellular mRNAs. Two RNA molecules and associated partners are crucial components of the selenocysteine insertion machinery, the Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec devoted to UGA codon recognition and the SECIS elements located in the 3'UTR of selenoprotein mRNAs. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The translational UGA recoding event is a limiting stage of selenoprotein expression and its efficiency is regulated by several factors. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The control of selenoproteome expression is crucial for redox homeostasis and antioxidant defense of mammalian organisms. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the co-translational insertion of selenocysteine into selenoproteins, and its layers of regulation.
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Koh CS, Sarin LP. Transfer RNA modification and infection – Implications for pathogenicity and host responses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:419-432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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On elongation factor eEFSec, its role and mechanism during selenium incorporation into nascent selenoproteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2463-2472. [PMID: 29555379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium, an essential dietary micronutrient, is incorporated into proteins as the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) in response to in-frame UGA codons. Complex machinery ensures accurate recoding of Sec codons in higher organisms. A specialized elongation factor eEFSec is central to the process. SCOPE OF REVIEW Selenoprotein synthesis relies on selenocysteinyl-tRNASec (Sec-tRNASec), selenocysteine inserting sequence (SECIS) and other selenoprotein mRNA elements, an in-trans SECIS binding protein 2 (SBP2) protein factor, and eEFSec. The exact mechanisms of discrete steps of the Sec UGA recoding are not well understood. However, recent studies on mammalian model systems have revealed the first insights into these mechanisms. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about the structure and role of mammalian eEFSec. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS eEFSec folds into a chalice-like structure resembling that of the archaeal and bacterial orthologues SelB and the initiation protein factor IF2/eIF5B. The three N-terminal domains harbor major functional sites and adopt an EF-Tu-like fold. The C-terminal domain 4 binds to Sec-tRNASec and SBP2, senses distinct binding domains, and modulates the GTPase activity. Remarkably, GTP hydrolysis does not induce a canonical conformational change in eEFSec, but instead promotes a slight ratchet of domains 1 and 2 and a lever-like movement of domain 4, which may be critical for the release of Sec-tRNASec on the ribosome. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Based on current findings, a non-canonical mechanism for elongation of selenoprotein synthesis at the Sec UGA codon is proposed. Although incomplete, our understanding of this fundamental biological process is significantly improved, and it is being harnessed for biomedical and synthetic biology initiatives. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Selenium research" in celebration of 200 years of selenium discovery, edited by Dr. Elias Arnér and Dr. Regina Brigelius-Flohe.
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Selenocysteine tRNA [Ser]Sec, the Central Component of Selenoprotein Biosynthesis: Isolation, Identification, Modification, and Sequencing. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1661:43-60. [PMID: 28917036 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7258-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The selenocysteine (Sec) tRNA[Ser]Sec population consists of two isoforms that differ from each other by a single 2'-O-methylribosyl moiety at position 34 (Um34). These two isoforms, which are encoded in a single gene, Trsp, and modified posttranscriptionally, are involved individually in the synthesis of two subclasses of selenoproteins, designated housekeeping and stress-related selenoproteins. Techniques used in obtaining these isoforms for their characterization include extraction of RNA from mammalian cells and tissues, purifying the tRNA[Ser]Sec population by one or more procedures, and finally resolving the two isoforms from each other. Since some of the older techniques for isolating tRNA[Ser]Sec and resolving the isoforms are used in only a few laboratories, these procedures will be discussed briefly and references provided for more detailed information, while the more recently developed procedures are discussed in detail. In addition, a novel technique that was developed in sequencing tRNA[Ser]Sec for identifying their occurrence in other organisms is also presented.
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Groeneweg S, Peeters RP, Visser TJ, Visser WE. Therapeutic applications of thyroid hormone analogues in resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) syndromes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 458:82-90. [PMID: 28235578 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is crucial for normal development and metabolism of virtually all tissues. TH signaling is predominantly mediated through binding of the bioactive hormone 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) to the nuclear T3-receptors (TRs). The intracellular TH levels are importantly regulated by transporter proteins that facilitate the transport of TH across the cell membrane and by the three deiodinating enzymes. Defects at the level of the TRs, deiodinases and transporter proteins result in resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) syndromes. Compounds with thyromimetic potency but with different (bio)chemical properties compared to T3 may hold therapeutic potential in these syndromes by bypassing defective transporters or binding to mutant TRs. Such TH analogues have the potential to rescue TH signaling. This review describes the role of TH analogues in the treatment of RTH syndromes. In particular, the application of 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid (Triac) in RTH due to defective TRβ and the role of 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid (DITPA), 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acid (Tetrac) and Triac in MCT8 deficiency will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Groeneweg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Edward Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Schweizer U, Bohleber S, Fradejas-Villar N. The modified base isopentenyladenosine and its derivatives in tRNA. RNA Biol 2017; 14:1197-1208. [PMID: 28277934 PMCID: PMC5699536 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1294309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Base 37 in tRNA, 3′-adjacent to the anticodon, is occupied by a purine base that is thought to stabilize codon recognition by stacking interactions on the first Watson-Crick base pair. If the first codon position forms an A.U or U.A base pair, the purine is likely further modified in all domains of life. One of the first base modifications found in tRNA is N6-isopentenyl adenosine (i6A) present in a fraction of tRNAs in bacteria and eukaryotes, which can be further modified to 2-methyl-thio-N6-isopentenyladenosine (ms2i6A) in a subset of tRNAs. Homologous tRNA isopentenyl transferase enzymes have been identified in bacteria (MiaA), yeast (Mod5, Tit1), roundworm (GRO-1), and mammals (TRIT1). In eukaryotes, isopentenylation of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs is mediated by products of the same gene. Accordingly, a patient with homozygous mutations in TRIT1 has mitochondrial disease. The role of i6A in a subset of tRNAs in gene expression has been linked with translational fidelity, speed of translation, skewed gene expression, and non-sense suppression. This review will not cover the action of i6A as a cytokinin in plants or the potential function of Mod5 as a prion in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schweizer
- a Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Simon Bohleber
- a Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Noelia Fradejas-Villar
- a Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn , Bonn , Germany
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Abstract
Selenium is a micronutrient essential to human health and has long been associated with cancer prevention. Functionally, these effects are thought to be mediated by a class of selenium-containing proteins known as selenoproteins. Indeed, many selenoproteins have antioxidant activity which can attenuate cancer development by minimizing oxidative insult and resultant DNA damage. However, oxidative stress is increasingly being recognized for its "double-edged sword" effect in tumorigenesis, whereby it can mediate both negative and positive effects on tumor growth depending on the cellular context. In addition to their roles in redox homeostasis, recent work has also implicated selenoproteins in key oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways. Together, these data suggest that the overall contribution of selenoproteins to tumorigenesis is complicated and may be affected by a variety of factors. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about selenoproteins in tumorigenesis with a focus on their contextual roles in cancer development, growth, and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Short
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley HealthCare System, Nashville, TN, United States.
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50
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Selenoproteins and oxidative stress-induced inflammatory tumorigenesis in the gut. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:607-616. [PMID: 27563706 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential micronutrient that is incorporated into at least 25 selenoproteins encoded by the human genome, many of which serve antioxidant functions. Because patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) demonstrate nutritional deficiencies and are at increased risk for colon cancer due to heightened inflammation and oxidative stress, selenoprotein dysfunction may contribute to disease progression. Over the years, numerous studies have analyzed the effects of selenoprotein loss and shown that they are important mediators of intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. In particular, recent work has focused on the role of selenoprotein P (SEPP1), a major selenium transport protein which also has endogenous antioxidant function. These experiments determined SEPP1 loss altered immune and epithelial cellular function in a murine model of colitis-associated carcinoma. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of SEPP1 and selenoprotein function in the setting of IBD, colitis, and inflammatory tumorigenesis.
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