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Aparicio B, Theunissen P, Hervas-Stubbs S, Fortes P, Sarobe P. Relevance of mutation-derived neoantigens and non-classical antigens for anticancer therapies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2303799. [PMID: 38346926 PMCID: PMC10863374 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2303799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of cancer immunotherapies relies on correct recognition of tumor antigens by lymphocytes, eliciting thus functional responses capable of eliminating tumor cells. Therefore, important efforts have been carried out in antigen identification, with the aim of understanding mechanisms of response to immunotherapy and to design safer and more efficient strategies. In addition to classical tumor-associated antigens identified during the last decades, implementation of next-generation sequencing methodologies is enabling the identification of neoantigens (neoAgs) arising from mutations, leading to the development of new neoAg-directed therapies. Moreover, there are numerous non-classical tumor antigens originated from other sources and identified by new methodologies. Here, we review the relevance of neoAgs in different immunotherapies and the results obtained by applying neoAg-based strategies. In addition, the different types of non-classical tumor antigens and the best approaches for their identification are described. This will help to increase the spectrum of targetable molecules useful in cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Aparicio
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patrick Theunissen
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, Pamplona, Spain
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervas-Stubbs
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Puri Fortes
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, Pamplona, Spain
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Advanced Therapies (TERAV ISCIII), Spain
| | - Pablo Sarobe
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, Pamplona, Spain
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2
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Cai Y, Li D, Lv D, Yu J, Ma Y, Jiang T, Ding N, Liu Z, Li Y, Xu J. MHC-I-presented non-canonical antigens expand the cancer immunotherapy targets in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Data 2024; 11:831. [PMID: 39090129 PMCID: PMC11294462 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Identification of tumor neoantigens is indispensable for the development of cancer immunotherapies. However, we are still lacking knowledge about the potential neoantigens derived from sequences outside protein-coding regions. Here, we comprehensively characterized the immunopeptidome landscape by integrating multi-omics data in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Both canonical and non-canonical MHC-associated peptides (MAPs) in AML were identified. We found that the quality and characteristics of ncMAPs are comparable or superior to cMAPs, suggesting ncMAPs are indispensable sources for tumor neoantigens. We further proposed a computational framework to prioritize the neoantigens by integrating additional transcriptome and immunopeptidome in normal tissues. Notably, 6 of prioritized 13 neoantigens were derived from ncMAPs. The expressions of corresponding source genes are highly related to infiltrations of immune cells. Finally, a risk model was developed, which exhibited good performance for clinical prognosis in AML. Our findings expand potential cancer immunotherapy targets and provide in-depth insights into AML treatment, laying a new foundation for precision therapies in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Cai
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Donghao Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Dezhong Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Tiantongfei Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Na Ding
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- School of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
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3
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Teppert K, Yonezawa Ogusuku IE, Brandes C, Herbel V, Winter N, Werchau N, Khorkova S, Wöhle C, Jelveh N, Bisdorf K, Engels B, Schaser T, Anders K, Künkele A, Lock D. CAR'TCR-T cells co-expressing CD33-CAR and dNPM1-TCR as superior dual-targeting approach for AML treatment. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200797. [PMID: 38601972 PMCID: PMC11004219 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a fast-progressing hematological malignancy affecting myeloid cells, is typically treated with chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, approximately half of the patients face relapses and 5-year survival rates are poor. With the goal to facilitate dual-specificity, boosting anti-tumor activity, and minimizing the risk for antigen escape, this study focused on combining chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and T cell receptor (TCR) technologies. CAR'TCR-T cells, co-expressing a CD33-CAR and a transgenic dNPM1-TCR, revealed increased and prolonged anti-tumor activity in vitro, particularly in case of low target antigen expression. The distinct transcriptomic profile suggested enhanced formation of immunological synapses, activation, and signaling. Complete elimination of AML xenografts in vivo was only achieved with a cell product containing CAR'TCR-T, CAR-T, and TCR-T cells, representing the outcome of co-transduction with two lentiviral vectors encoding either CAR or TCR. A mixture of CAR-T and TCR-T cells, without CAR'TCR-T cells, did not prevent progressive tumor outgrowth and was comparable to treatment with CAR-T and TCR-T cells individually. Overall, our data underscore the efficacy of co-expressing CAR and transgenic TCR in one T cell, and might open a novel therapeutic avenue not only for AML but also other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Teppert
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | | | - Vera Herbel
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Nora Winter
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Niels Werchau
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | - Christian Wöhle
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Nojan Jelveh
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Kevin Bisdorf
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Boris Engels
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaser
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Kathleen Anders
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Künkele
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Lock
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
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Yonezawa Ogusuku IE, Herbel V, Lennartz S, Brandes C, Argiro E, Fabian C, Hauck C, Hoogstraten C, Veld S, Hageman L, Teppert K, Koutsoumpli G, Griffioen M, Mockel-Tenbrinck N, Schaser T, de Groot R, Johnston IC, Lock D. Automated manufacture of ΔNPM1 TCR-engineered T cells for AML therapy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101224. [PMID: 38516690 PMCID: PMC10950868 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy that requires further therapeutic improvement, especially for the elderly and for subgroups with poor prognosis. A recently discovered T cell receptor (TCR) targeting mutant nucleophosmin 1 (ΔNPM1) presents an attractive option for the development of a cancer antigen-targeted cellular therapy. Manufacturing of TCR-modified T cells, however, is still limited by a complex, time-consuming, and laborious procedure. Therefore, this study specifically addressed the requirements for a scaled manufacture of ΔNPM1-specific T cells in an automated, closed, and good manufacturing practice-compliant process. Starting from cryopreserved leukapheresis, 2E8 CD8-positive T cells were enriched, activated, lentivirally transduced, expanded, and finally formulated. By adjusting and optimizing culture conditions, we additionally reduced the manufacturing time from 12 to 8 days while still achieving a clinically relevant yield of up to 5.5E9 ΔNPM1 TCR-engineered T cells. The cellular product mainly consisted of highly viable CD8-positive T cells with an early memory phenotype. ΔNPM1 TCR CD8 T cells manufactured with the optimized process showed specific killing of AML in vitro and in vivo. The process has been implemented in an upcoming phase 1/2 clinical trial for the treatment of NPM1-mutated AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera Herbel
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Simon Lennartz
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | - Eva Argiro
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Fabian
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Carola Hauck
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Conny Hoogstraten
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Veld
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lois Hageman
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Teppert
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Georgia Koutsoumpli
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Schaser
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Rosa de Groot
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Dominik Lock
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
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Struckman NE, de Jong RCM, Honders MW, Smith SAI, van der Lee DI, Koutsoumpli G, de Ru AH, Mikesch JH, van Veelen PA, Falkenburg JHF, Griffioen M. Hotspot DNA Methyltransferase 3A ( DNMT3A) and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 and 2 ( IDH1/2) Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Their Relevance as Targets for Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1086. [PMID: 38791049 PMCID: PMC11118067 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) are genes involved in epigenetic regulation, each mutated in 7-23% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Here, we investigated whether hotspot mutations in these genes encode neoantigens that can be targeted by immunotherapy. Five human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing common HLA class I alleles were transduced with a minigene construct containing mutations that often occur in DNMT3A or IDH1/2. From these minigene-transduced cell lines, peptides were eluted from HLA class I alleles and analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry. The resulting data are available via ProteomeXchange under the identifier PXD050560. Mass spectrometry revealed an HLA-A*01:01-binding DNMT3AR882H peptide and an HLA-B*07:02-binding IDH2R140Q peptide as potential neoantigens. For these neopeptides, peptide-HLA tetramers were produced to search for specific T-cells in healthy individuals. Various T-cell clones were isolated showing specific reactivity against cell lines transduced with full-length DNMT3AR882H or IDH2R140Q genes, while cell lines transduced with wildtype genes were not recognized. One T-cell clone for DNMT3AR882H also reacted against patient-derived acute myeloid leukemia cells with the mutation, while patient samples without the mutation were not recognized, thereby validating the surface presentation of a DNMT3AR882H neoantigen that can potentially be targeted in acute myeloid leukemia via immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine E. Struckman
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.E.S.); (R.C.M.d.J.); (M.W.H.); (S.-A.I.S.); (D.I.v.d.L.); (G.K.); (J.H.F.F.)
| | - Rob C. M. de Jong
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.E.S.); (R.C.M.d.J.); (M.W.H.); (S.-A.I.S.); (D.I.v.d.L.); (G.K.); (J.H.F.F.)
| | - M. Willy Honders
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.E.S.); (R.C.M.d.J.); (M.W.H.); (S.-A.I.S.); (D.I.v.d.L.); (G.K.); (J.H.F.F.)
| | - Sophie-Anne I. Smith
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.E.S.); (R.C.M.d.J.); (M.W.H.); (S.-A.I.S.); (D.I.v.d.L.); (G.K.); (J.H.F.F.)
| | - Dyantha I. van der Lee
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.E.S.); (R.C.M.d.J.); (M.W.H.); (S.-A.I.S.); (D.I.v.d.L.); (G.K.); (J.H.F.F.)
| | - Georgia Koutsoumpli
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.E.S.); (R.C.M.d.J.); (M.W.H.); (S.-A.I.S.); (D.I.v.d.L.); (G.K.); (J.H.F.F.)
| | - Arnoud H. de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.H.d.R.); (P.A.v.V.)
| | - Jan-Henrik Mikesch
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Peter A. van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.H.d.R.); (P.A.v.V.)
| | - J. H. Frederik Falkenburg
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.E.S.); (R.C.M.d.J.); (M.W.H.); (S.-A.I.S.); (D.I.v.d.L.); (G.K.); (J.H.F.F.)
| | - Marieke Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.E.S.); (R.C.M.d.J.); (M.W.H.); (S.-A.I.S.); (D.I.v.d.L.); (G.K.); (J.H.F.F.)
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6
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van Hees EP, Morton LT, Remst DFG, Wouters AK, Van den Eynde A, Falkenburg JHF, Heemskerk MH. Self-sufficient primary natural killer cells engineered to express T cell receptors and interleukin-15 exhibit improved effector function and persistence. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368290. [PMID: 38690288 PMCID: PMC11058644 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background NK cells can be genetically engineered to express a transgenic T-cell receptor (TCR). This approach offers an alternative strategy to target heterogenous tumors, as NK:TCR cells can eradicate both tumor cells with high expression of HLA class I and antigen of interest or HLA class I negative tumors. Expansion and survival of NK cells relies on the presence of IL-15. Therefore, autonomous production of IL-15 by NK:TCR cells might improve functional persistence of NK cells. Here we present an optimized NK:TCR product harnessed with a construct encoding for soluble IL-15 (NK:TCR/IL-15), to support their proliferation, persistence and cytotoxic capabilities. Methods Expression of tumor-specific TCRs in peripheral blood derived NK-cells was achieved following retroviral transduction. NK:TCR/IL-15 cells were compared with NK:TCR cells for autonomous cytokine production, proliferation and survival. NK:BOB1-TCR/IL-15 cells, expressing a HLA-B*07:02-restricted TCR against BOB1, a B-cell lineage specific transcription factor highly expressed in all B-cell malignancies, were compared with control NK:BOB1-TCR and NK:CMV-TCR/IL-15 cells for effector function against TCR antigen positive malignant B-cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Results Viral incorporation of the interleukin-15 gene into engineered NK:TCR cells was feasible and high expression of the TCR was maintained, resulting in pure NK:TCR/IL-15 cell products generated from peripheral blood of multiple donors. Self-sufficient secretion of IL-15 by NK:TCR cells enables engineered NK cells to proliferate in vitro without addition of extra cytokines. NK:TCR/IL-15 demonstrated a marked enhancement of TCR-mediated cytotoxicity as well as enhanced NK-mediated cytotoxicity resulting in improved persistence and performance of NK:BOB1-TCR/IL-15 cells in an orthotopic multiple myeloma mouse model. However, in contrast to prolonged anti-tumor reactivity by NK:BOB1-TCR/IL-15, we observed in one of the experiments an accumulation of NK:BOB1-TCR/IL-15 cells in several organs of treated mice, leading to unexpected death 30 days post-NK infusion. Conclusion This study showed that NK:TCR/IL-15 cells secrete low levels of IL-15 and can proliferate in an environment lacking cytokines. Repeated in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the effectiveness and target specificity of our product, in which addition of IL-15 supports TCR- and NK-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els P. van Hees
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Laura T. Morton
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dennis F. G. Remst
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne K. Wouters
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Astrid Van den Eynde
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Mirjam H.M. Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
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Wei Y, Liu W, Wang R, Chen Y, Liu J, Guo X, Can C, Yang X, Wang D, Hu X, Ma D. Propionate promotes ferroptosis and apoptosis through mitophagy and ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis elicits anti-leukemia immunity. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:36-51. [PMID: 38215892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly propionate and butyrate, have been reported in many cancers. However, the relationship between propionate and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. Additionally, Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4) has been reported to regulate immunity in solid tumors, but there are still many gaps to be filled in AML. Here, we discovered the underlying mechanism of propionate and ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis for immunotherapy. Our results showed that the level of propionate in the AML patients' feces was decreased, which was correlated to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Moreover, we demonstrated that propionate suppressed AML progression both in vivo and in vitro. In mechanism, propionate induced AML cells apoptosis and ferroptosis. The imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox homeostasis induced by propionate caused mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, which enhanced ferroptosis and apoptosis. Furthermore, ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis caused by propionate increased the immunogenicity of AML cells, induced the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and promoted the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). The increased level of immunogenicity due to ferroptosis enable propionate-based whole-cell vaccines to activate immunity, thus further facilitating effective killing of AML cells. Collectively, our study uncovers a crucial role for propionate suppresses AML progression by inducing ferroptosis and the potential mechanisms of ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis in the regulation of AML immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Wei
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wancheng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore
| | - Jinting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Can Can
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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8
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Pagliuca S, Ferraro F. Immune-driven clonal cell selection at the intersection among cancer, infections, autoimmunity and senescence. Semin Hematol 2024; 61:22-34. [PMID: 38341340 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Immune surveillance mechanisms play a crucial role in maintaining lifelong immune homeostasis in response to pathologic stimuli and aberrant cell states. However, their persistence, especially in the context of chronic antigenic exposure, can create a fertile ground for immune evasion. These escaping cell phenotypes, harboring a variety of genomic and transcriptomic aberrances, chiefly in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and antigen presentation machinery genes, may survive and proliferate, featuring a scenario of clonal cell expansion with immune failure characteristics. While well characterized in solid and, to some extent, hematological malignancies, little is known about their occurrence and significance in other disease contexts. Historical literature highlights the role for escaping HLA-mediated recognition as a strategy adopted by virus to evade from the immune system, hinting at the potential for immune aberrant cell expansion in the context of chronic infections. Additionally, unmasked in idiopathic aplastic anemia as a mechanism able to rescue failing hematopoiesis, HLA clonal escape may operate in autoimmune disorders, particularly in tissues targeted by aberrant immune responses. Furthermore, senescent cell status emerging as immunogenic phenotypes stimulating T cell responses, may act as a bottleneck for the selection of such immune escaping clones, blurring the boundaries between neoplastic transformation, aging and inflammation. Here we provide a fresh overview and perspective on this immune-driven clonal cell expansion, linking pathophysiological features of neoplastic, autoimmune, infectious and senescence processes exposed to immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pagliuca
- Hematology Department, Nancy University Hospital and UMR7365, IMoPA, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Francesca Ferraro
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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9
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Falini B, Dillon R. Criteria for Diagnosis and Molecular Monitoring of NPM1-Mutated AML. Blood Cancer Discov 2024; 5:8-20. [PMID: 37917833 PMCID: PMC10772525 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-23-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents the largest molecular subgroup of adult AML. NPM1-mutated AML is recognizable by molecular techniques and immunohistochemistry, which, when combined, can solve difficult diagnostic problems (including identification of myeloid sarcoma and NPM1 mutations outside exon 12). According to updated 2022 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) guidelines, determining the mutational status of NPM1 (and FLT3) is a mandatory step for the genetic-based risk stratification of AML. Monitoring of measurable residual disease (MRD) by qRT-PCR, combined with ELN risk stratification, can guide therapeutic decisions at the post-remission stage. Here, we review the criteria for appropriate diagnosis and molecular monitoring of NPM1-mutated AML. SIGNIFICANCE NPM1-mutated AML represents a distinct entity in the 2022 International Consensus Classification and 5th edition of World Health Organization classifications of myeloid neoplasms. The correct diagnosis of NPM1-mutated AML and its distinction from other AML entities is extremely important because it has clinical implications for the management of AML patients, such as genetic-based risk stratification according to 2022 ELN. Monitoring of MRD by qRT-PCR, combined with ELN risk stratification, can guide therapeutic decisions at the post-remission stage, e.g., whether or not to perform allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncological Research (CREO), University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Richard Dillon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Biernacki MA, Lok J, Black RG, Foster KA, Cummings C, Woodward KB, Monahan T, Oehler VG, Stirewalt DL, Wu D, Rongvaux A, Deeg HJ, Bleakley M. Discovery of U2AF1 neoantigens in myeloid neoplasms. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007490. [PMID: 38164756 PMCID: PMC10729103 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) arise from somatic mutations acquired in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, causing cytopenias and predisposing to transformation into secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). Recurrent mutations in spliceosome genes, including U2AF1, are attractive therapeutic targets as they are prevalent in MDS and sAML, arise early in neoplastic cells, and are generally absent from normal cells, including normal hematopoietic cells. MDS and sAML are susceptible to T cell-mediated killing, and thus engineered T-cell immunotherapies hold promise for their treatment. We hypothesized that targeting spliceosome mutation-derived neoantigens with transgenic T-cell receptor (TCR) T cells would selectively eradicate malignant cells in MDS and sAML. METHODS We identified candidate neoantigen epitopes from recurrent protein-coding mutations in the spliceosome genes SRSF2 and U2AF1 using a multistep in silico process. Candidate epitopes predicted to bind human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, be processed and presented from the parent protein, and not to be subject to tolerance then underwent in vitro immunogenicity screening. CD8+ T cells recognizing immunogenic neoantigen epitopes were evaluated in in vitro assays to assess functional avidity, confirm the predicted HLA restriction, the potential for recognition of similar peptides, and the ability to kill neoplastic cells in an antigen-specific manner. Neoantigen-specific TCR were sequenced, cloned into lentiviral vectors, and transduced into third-party T cells after knock-out of endogenous TCR, then tested in vitro for specificity and ability to kill neoplastic myeloid cells presenting the neoantigen. The efficacy of neoantigen-specific T cells was evaluated in vivo in a murine cell line-derived xenograft model. RESULTS We identified two neoantigens created from a recurrent mutation in U2AF1, isolated CD8+ T cells specific for the neoantigens, and demonstrated that transferring their TCR to third-party CD8+ T cells is feasible and confers specificity for the U2AF1 neoantigens. Finally, we showed that these neoantigen-specific TCR-T cells do not recognize normal hematopoietic cells but efficiently kill malignant myeloid cells bearing the specific U2AF1 mutation, including primary cells, in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These data serve as proof-of-concept for developing precision medicine approaches that use neoantigen-directed T-cell receptor-transduced T cells to treat MDS and sAML.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Mice
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
- Splicing Factor U2AF/genetics
- Splicing Factor U2AF/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Epitopes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Ann Biernacki
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica Lok
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ralph Graeme Black
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kimberly A Foster
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carrie Cummings
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kyle B Woodward
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tim Monahan
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vivian G Oehler
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Derek L Stirewalt
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anthony Rongvaux
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hans Joachim Deeg
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marie Bleakley
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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11
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Klebanoff CA, Chandran SS, Baker BM, Quezada SA, Ribas A. T cell receptor therapeutics: immunological targeting of the intracellular cancer proteome. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:996-1017. [PMID: 37891435 PMCID: PMC10947610 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR) complex is a naturally occurring antigen sensor that detects, amplifies and coordinates cellular immune responses to epitopes derived from cell surface and intracellular proteins. Thus, TCRs enable the targeting of proteins selectively expressed by cancer cells, including neoantigens, cancer germline antigens and viral oncoproteins. As such, TCRs have provided the basis for an emerging class of oncology therapeutics. Herein, we review the current cancer treatment landscape using TCRs and TCR-like molecules. This includes adoptive cell transfer of T cells expressing endogenous or engineered TCRs, TCR bispecific engagers and antibodies specific for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-bound peptides (TCR mimics). We discuss the unique complexities associated with the clinical development of these therapeutics, such as HLA restriction, TCR retrieval, potency assessment and the potential for cross-reactivity. In addition, we highlight emerging clinical data that establish the antitumour potential of TCR-based therapies, including tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, for the treatment of diverse human malignancies. Finally, we explore the future of TCR therapeutics, including emerging genome editing methods to safely enhance potency and strategies to streamline patient identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Klebanoff
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Smita S Chandran
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, NY, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian M Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, ID, USA
- The Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, ID, USA
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Achilles Therapeutics, London, UK
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Giannakopoulou E, Lehander M, Virding Culleton S, Yang W, Li Y, Karpanen T, Yoshizato T, Rustad EH, Nielsen MM, Bollineni RC, Tran TT, Delic-Sarac M, Gjerdingen TJ, Douvlataniotis K, Laos M, Ali M, Hillen A, Mazzi S, Chin DWL, Mehta A, Holm JS, Bentzen AK, Bill M, Griffioen M, Gedde-Dahl T, Lehmann S, Jacobsen SEW, Woll PS, Olweus J. A T cell receptor targeting a recurrent driver mutation in FLT3 mediates elimination of primary human acute myeloid leukemia in vivo. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1474-1490. [PMID: 37783807 PMCID: PMC10597840 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most frequent leukemia in adults, is driven by recurrent somatically acquired genetic lesions in a restricted number of genes. Treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors has demonstrated that targeting of prevalent FMS-related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gain-of-function mutations can provide significant survival benefits for patients, although the efficacy of FLT3 inhibitors in eliminating FLT3-mutated clones is variable. We identified a T cell receptor (TCR) reactive to the recurrent D835Y driver mutation in the FLT3 tyrosine kinase domain (TCRFLT3D/Y). TCRFLT3D/Y-redirected T cells selectively eliminated primary human AML cells harboring the FLT3D835Y mutation in vitro and in vivo. TCRFLT3D/Y cells rejected both CD34+ and CD34- AML in mice engrafted with primary leukemia from patients, reaching minimal residual disease-negative levels, and eliminated primary CD34+ AML leukemia-propagating cells in vivo. Thus, T cells targeting a single shared mutation can provide efficient immunotherapy toward selective elimination of clonally involved primary AML cells in vivo.
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Grants
- G0801073 Medical Research Council
- MC_UU_00016/5 Medical Research Council
- MC_UU_12009/5 Medical Research Council
- South-Eastern Regional Health Authority Norway, the Research Council of Norway, the Norwegian Cancer Society, the Norwegian Childhood Cancer Foundation, Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen, European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 865805), the University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital and Novo Nordisk Foundation.
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, The Swedish Research Council, Tobias Foundation, Torsten Söderberg Foundation, Center for Innovative Medicine (CIMED) at Karolinska Institutet, and The UK Medical Research Council
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
- Aarhus University Hospital
- Leiden University Medical Center
- Oslo University Hospital
- Karolinska University Hospital
- University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Giannakopoulou
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Madeleine Lehander
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stina Virding Culleton
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weiwen Yang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yingqian Li
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terhi Karpanen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Tetsuichi Yoshizato
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Even H Rustad
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Milek Nielsen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ravi Chand Bollineni
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trung T Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marina Delic-Sarac
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thea Johanne Gjerdingen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karolos Douvlataniotis
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maarja Laos
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amy Hillen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefania Mazzi
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Desmond Wai Loon Chin
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adi Mehta
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeppe Sejerø Holm
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Amalie Kai Bentzen
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marie Bill
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marieke Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Gedde-Dahl
- Hematology Department, Section for Stem Cell Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Clinic for Cancer Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sören Lehmann
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Petter S Woll
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Olweus
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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13
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Falini B. NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia: New pathogenetic and therapeutic insights and open questions. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:1452-1464. [PMID: 37317978 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene encodes for a multifunctional chaperone protein that is localized in the nucleolus but continuously shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. NPM1 mutations occur in about one-third of AML, are AML-specific, usually involve exon 12 and are frequently associated with FLT3-ITD, DNMT3A, TET2, and IDH1/2 mutations. Because of its unique molecular and clinico-pathological features, NPM1-mutated AML is regarded as a distinct leukemia entity in both the International Consensus Classification (ICC) and the 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms. All NPM1 mutations generate leukemic mutants that are aberrantly exported in the cytoplasm of the leukemic cells and are relevant to the pathogenesis of the disease. Here, we focus on recently identified functions of the NPM1 mutant at chromatin level and its relevance in driving HOX/MEIS gene expression. We also discuss yet controversial issues of the ICC/WHO classifications, including the biological and clinical significance of therapy-related NPM1-mutated AML and the relevance of blasts percentage in defining NPM1-mutated AML. Finally, we address the impact of new targeted therapies in NPM1-mutated AML with focus on CAR T cells directed against NPM1/HLA neoepitopes, as well as XPO1 and menin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncological Research (CREO), University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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14
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Peri A, Salomon N, Wolf Y, Kreiter S, Diken M, Samuels Y. The landscape of T cell antigens for cancer immunotherapy. NATURE CANCER 2023:10.1038/s43018-023-00588-x. [PMID: 37415076 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable capacity of immunotherapies to induce durable regression in some patients with metastatic cancer relies heavily on T cell recognition of tumor-presented antigens. As checkpoint-blockade therapy has limited efficacy, tumor antigens have the potential to be exploited for complementary treatments, many of which are already in clinical trials. The surge of interest in this topic has led to the expansion of the tumor antigen landscape with the emergence of new antigen categories. Nonetheless, how different antigens compare in their ability to elicit efficient and safe clinical responses remains largely unknown. Here, we review known cancer peptide antigens, their attributes and the relevant clinical data and discuss future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviyah Peri
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nadja Salomon
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yochai Wolf
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-oncology and Skin Cancer, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Sebastian Kreiter
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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15
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Narayan R, Niroula A, Wang T, Kuxhausen M, He M, Meyer E, Chen YB, Bhatt VR, Beitinjaneh A, Nishihori T, Sharma A, Brown VI, Kamoun M, Diaz MA, Abid MB, Askar M, Kanakry CG, Gragert L, Bolon YT, Marsh SGE, Gadalla SM, Paczesny S, Spellman S, Lee SJ. HLA Class I Genotype Is Associated with Relapse Risk after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for NPM1-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:452.e1-452.e11. [PMID: 36997024 PMCID: PMC10330307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Mutation-bearing peptide ligands from mutated nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) protein have been empirically found to be presented by HLA class I in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We hypothesized that HLA genotype may impact allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) outcomes in NPM1-mutated AML owing to differences in antigen presentation. We evaluated the effect of the variable of predicted strong binding to mutated NPM1 peptides using HLA class I genotypes from matched donor-recipient pairs on transplant recipients' overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) as part of the primary objectives and cumulative incidence of relapse and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) as part of secondary objectives. Baseline and outcome data reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research from a study cohort of adult patients (n = 1020) with NPM1-mutated de novo AML in first (71%) or second (29%) complete remission undergoing 8/8 matched related (18%) or matched unrelated (82%) allo-HCT were analyzed retrospectively. Class I alleles from donor-recipient pairs were analyzed for predicted strong HLA binding to mutated NPM1 using netMHCpan 4.0. A total of 429 (42%) donor-recipient pairs were classified as having predicted strong-binding HLA alleles (SBHAs) to mutated NPM1. In multivariable analyses adjusting for clinical covariates, the presence of predicted SBHAs was associated with a lower risk of relapse (hazard ratio [HR], .72; 95% confidence interval [CI], .55 to .94; P = .015). OS (HR, .81; 95% CI, .67 to .98; P = .028) and DFS (HR, .84; 95% CI, .69 to 1.01; P = .070) showed a suggestion of better outcomes if predicted SBHAs were present but did not meet the prespecified P value of <.025. NRM did not differ (HR, 1.04; P = .740). These hypothesis-generating data support further exploration of HLA genotype-neoantigen interactions in the allo-HCT context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Narayan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Abhishek Niroula
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tao Wang
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michelle Kuxhausen
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Meilun He
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Yi-Bin Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vijaya Raj Bhatt
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Amer Beitinjaneh
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Miami Hospital and Clinics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Taiga Nishihori
- Department of Blood & Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Akshay Sharma
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Valerie I Brown
- Penn State Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Malek Kamoun
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Miguel A Diaz
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Muhammad Bilal Abid
- Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Medhat Askar
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; National Marrow Donor Program/Be the Match, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Christopher G Kanakry
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Loren Gragert
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yung-Tsi Bolon
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Steven G E Marsh
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom; Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shahinaz M Gadalla
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, Clinical Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stephen Spellman
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephanie J Lee
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
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16
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Okada M, Shimizu K, Nakazato H, Yamasaki S, Fujii SI. Detection of mutant antigen-specific T cell receptors against multiple myeloma for T cell engineering. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 29:541-555. [PMID: 37359417 PMCID: PMC10285226 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable hematological neoplasm. Neoantigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T (TCR-T) cell therapy is a potential alternative treatment. Particularly, TCRs derived from a third-party donor may cover broad ranges of neoantigens, whereas TCRs in patients suffering from immune disorders are limited. However, the efficacy and feasibility of treating MM have not been evaluated thoroughly. In this study, we established a system for identifying immunogenic mutant antigens on MM cells and their corresponding TCRs using healthy donor-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Initially, the immune responses to 35 candidate peptides predicted by the immunogenomic analysis were investigated. Peptide-reactive T lymphocytes were enriched, and subsequently, TCR repertoires were determined by single-cell TCR sequencing. Eleven reconstituted TCRs showed mutation-specific responses against 4 peptides. Particularly, we verified the HLA-A∗24:02-binding QYSPVQATF peptide derived from COASY S55Y as the naturally processed epitope across MM cells, making it a promising immune target. Corresponding TCRs specifically recognized COASY S55Y+HLA-A∗24:02+ MM cells and augmented tumoricidal activity. Finally, adoptive cell transfer of TCR-T cells showed objective responses in the xenograft model. We initiatively proposed the utility of tumor mutated antigen-specific TCR genes to suppress MM. Our unique strategy will facilitate further identification of neoantigen-specific TCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okada
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kanako Shimizu
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakazato
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamasaki
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Fujii
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms, RIKEN, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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17
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Mu X, Chen C, Dong L, Kang Z, Sun Z, Chen X, Zheng J, Zhang Y. Immunotherapy in leukaemia. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:974-987. [PMID: 37272727 PMCID: PMC10326417 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukaemia is the common name for a group of malignant diseases of the haematopoietic system with complex classifications and characteristics. Remarkable progress has been made in basic research and preclinical studies for acute leukaemia compared to that of the many other types/subtypes of leukaemia, especially the exploration of the biological basis and application of immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). In this review, we summarize the basic approaches to immunotherapy for leukaemia and focus on the research progress made in immunotherapy development for AML and ALL. Importantly, despite the advances made to date, big challenges still exist in the effectiveness of leukaemia immunotherapy, especially in AML. Therefore, we use AML as an example and summarize the mechanisms of tumour cell immune evasion, describe recently reported data and known therapeutic targets, and discuss the obstacles in finding suitable treatment targets and the results obtained in recent clinical trials for several types of single and combination immunotherapies, such as bispecific antibodies, cell therapies (CAR-T-cell treatment), and checkpoint blockade. Finally, we summarize novel immunotherapy strategies for treating lymphocytic leukaemia and clinical trial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Mu
- Hongqiao International Institute of MedicineShanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Chumao Chen
- Hongqiao International Institute of MedicineShanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Loujie Dong
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Zhaowei Kang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Zhixian Sun
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Xijie Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of MedicineShanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of MedicineShanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
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18
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De Cicco M, Lagreca I, Basso S, Barozzi P, Muscianisi S, Bianco A, Riva G, Di Vincenzo S, Pulvirenti C, Sapuppo D, Siciliano M, Rosti V, Candoni A, Zecca M, Forghieri F, Luppi M, Comoli P. Preclinical Validation of an Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Based on Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Specific for Mutated Nucleophosmin (NPM1 mut) for the Treatment of NPM1 mut-Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2731. [PMID: 37345068 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with nucleophosmin (NPM1) genetic mutations is the most common subtype in adult patients. Refractory or relapsed disease in unfit patients or after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has a poor prognosis. NPM1-mutated protein, stably expressed on tumor cells but not on normal tissues, may serve as an ideal target for NPM1-mutated AML immunotherapy. The study aim was to investigate the feasibility of producing mutated-NPM1-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) suitable for somatic cell therapy to prevent or treat hematologic relapse in patients with NPM1-mutated AML. T cells were expanded or primed from patient or donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells by NPM1-mutated protein-derived peptides, and tested for leukemia antigen-targeted cytotoxic activity, cytokine production and hematopoietic precursor inhibitory effect. We found that mutated-NPM1-specific CTLs, displaying specific cytokine production and high-level cytotoxicity against patients' leukemia blasts, and limited inhibitory activity in clonogenic assays, could be obtained from both patients and donors. The polyfunctional mutated-NPM1-specific CTLs included both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells endowed with strong lytic capacity. Our results suggest that mutated-NPM1-targeted CTLs may be a useful therapeutic option to control low-tumor burden relapse following conventional chemotherapy in older NPM1-mutated AML patients or eradicate persistent MRD after HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica De Cicco
- SSD Cell Factory e Center for Advanced Therapies, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ivana Lagreca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Sabrina Basso
- SSD Cell Factory e Center for Advanced Therapies, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Barozzi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Stella Muscianisi
- SSD Cell Factory e Center for Advanced Therapies, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- SC Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alba Bianco
- SSD Cell Factory e Center for Advanced Therapies, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- SC Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Riva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Unità Sanitaria Locale, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Sara Di Vincenzo
- SSD Cell Factory e Center for Advanced Therapies, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Pulvirenti
- SSD Cell Factory e Center for Advanced Therapies, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- SC Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Sapuppo
- SSD Cell Factory e Center for Advanced Therapies, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- SC Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Siciliano
- SSD Cell Factory e Center for Advanced Therapies, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, General Medicine 2, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Candoni
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- SC Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Forghieri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- SSD Cell Factory e Center for Advanced Therapies, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
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19
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Atilla E, Benabdellah K. The Black Hole: CAR T Cell Therapy in AML. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2713. [PMID: 37345050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite exhaustive studies, researchers have made little progress in the field of adoptive cellular therapies for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), unlike the notable uptake for B cell malignancies. Various single antigen-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell Phase I trials have been established worldwide and have recruited approximately 100 patients. The high heterogeneity at the genetic and molecular levels within and between AML patients resembles a black hole: a great gravitational field that sucks in everything. One must consider the fact that only around 30% of patients show a response; there are, however, consequential off-tumor effects. It is obvious that a new point of view is needed to achieve more promising results. This review first introduces the unique therapeutic challenges of not only CAR T cells but also other adoptive cellular therapies in AML. Next, recent single-cell sequencing data for AML to assess somatically acquired alterations at the DNA, epigenetic, RNA, and protein levels are discussed to give a perspective on cellular heterogeneity, intercellular hierarchies, and the cellular ecosystem. Finally, promising novel strategies are summarized, including more sophisticated next-generation CAR T, TCR-T, and CAR NK therapies; the approaches with which to tailor the microenvironment and target neoantigens; and allogeneic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erden Atilla
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Karim Benabdellah
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park, 18016 Granada, Spain
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20
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Patel SS. NPM1-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Recent Developments and Open Questions. Pathobiology 2023; 91:18-29. [PMID: 36944324 PMCID: PMC10857804 DOI: 10.1159/000530253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene occur in approximately 30% of de novo acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) and are relatively enriched in normal karyotype AMLs. Earlier World Health Organization (WHO) classification schema recognized NPM1-mutated AMLs as a unique subtype of AML, while the latest WHO and International Consensus Classification (ICC) now consider NPM1 mutations as AML-defining, albeit at different blast count thresholds. NPM1 mutational load correlates closely with disease status, particularly in the post-therapy setting, and therefore high sensitivity-based methods for detection of the mutant allele have proven useful for minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring. MRD status has been conventionally measured by either multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) and/or molecular diagnostic techniques, although recent data suggest that MFC data may be potentially more challenging to interpret in this AML subtype. Of note, MRD status does not predict patient outcome in all cases, and therefore a deeper understanding of the biological significance of MRD may be required. Recent studies have confirmed that NPM1-mutated cells rely on overexpression of HOX/MEIS1, which is dependent on the presence of the aberrant cytoplasmic localization of mutant NPM1 protein (NPM1c); this biology may explain the promising response to novel agents, including menin inhibitors and second-generation XPO1 inhibitors. In this review, these and other recent developments around NPM1-mutated AML, in addition to open questions warranting further investigation, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay S Patel
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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21
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de Rooij MA, Remst DF, van der Steen DM, Wouters AK, Hagedoorn RS, Kester MG, Meeuwsen MH, Wachsmann TL, de Ru AH, van Veelen PA, Verdegaal EM, Falkenburg JF, Heemskerk MH. A library of cancer testis specific T cell receptors for T cell receptor gene therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:1-14. [PMID: 36589698 PMCID: PMC9792401 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase the number of cancer patients that can be treated with T cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy, we aimed to identify a set of high-affinity cancer-specific TCRs targeting different melanoma-associated antigens (MAGEs). In this study, peptides derived from MAGE genes with tumor-specific expression pattern were identified by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) peptidomics. Next, peptide-HLA tetramers were generated, and used to sort MAGE-specific CD8+ T cell clones from the allogeneic (allo) HLA repertoire of healthy donors. To evaluate the clinical potential, most potent TCRs were sequenced, transferred into peripheral blood-derived CD8+ T cells, and tested for antitumor efficacy. In total we identified, seven MAGE-specific TCRs that effectively target MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, MAGE-A6, and MAGE-A9 in the context of HLA-A∗01:01, -A∗02:01, -A∗03:01, -B∗07:02, -B∗35:01, or -C∗07:02. TCR gene transfer into CD8⁺ T cells resulted in efficient reactivity against a variety of different tumor types, while no cross-reactivity was detected. In addition, major in vivo antitumor effects of MAGE-A1 specific TCR engineered CD8⁺ T cells were observed in the orthotopic xenograft model for established multiple myeloma. The identification of seven MAGE-specific TCRs expands the pool of cancer patients eligible for TCR gene therapy and increases possibilities for personalized TCR gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije A.J. de Rooij
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis F.G. Remst
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk M. van der Steen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne K. Wouters
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renate S. Hagedoorn
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Michel G.D. Kester
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda H. Meeuwsen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tassilo L.A. Wachsmann
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H. de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A. van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Els M.E. Verdegaal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J.H. Frederik Falkenburg
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H.M. Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
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22
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The relevance of HLA class II genes in JAK2 V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:199-207. [PMID: 36707384 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we analyzed the relevance of HLA class II in JAK2 V617F-positive (JAK2 V617F+) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) focusing on genotype diversity, associations with specific alleles and haplotypes and the level of gene expression. One hundred and thirty-nine JAK2 V617F+ MPN patients and 1083 healthy controls, typed by Next generation sequencing (NGS) were included in the study. Multivariate generalized linear models with age as a covariate were applied for analysis of HLA-II allele and haplotype associations. Publicly available gene expression datasets were used to analyze HLA-II pathway genes expression in CD34+ stem cells (SCs) from MPN patients and healthy controls. We did not observe differences in HLA evolutionary divergence (HED) between JAK2 V617F+ MPNs and healthy controls. Two alleles: HLA-DPB1*03:01, DQB1*04:02 and 4 haplotypes: DPB1*02:01-DQA1*05:05-DQB1*03:01-DRB1*11:01, DPB1*04:02-DQA1*05:05-DQB1*03:01-DRB1*11:03, DPB1*02:01-DQA1*01:04-DQB1*05:03-DRB1*14:04, and DPB1*04:01-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*03:02-DRB1*04:01 had significantly lower frequency in MPN patients compared to controls. Additionally, we observed HLA-II alleles and haplotypes with statistically higher frequencies in JAK2 V617F+ patients. Differential gene expression analysis showed down-regulation of HLA-DRB1, -DRA, -DMA, -DMB, -DOA,-DRB4, CIITA, and CD74 genes in JAK2 V617F+ MPN CD34+ SCs as compared to normal CD34 + SCs. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the pleiotropic effects of HLA-II genes in JAK2 V617F-driven MPNs.
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23
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NPM 1 Mutations in AML-The Landscape in 2023. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041177. [PMID: 36831522 PMCID: PMC9954410 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents 80% of acute leukemia in adults and is characterized by clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells secondary to genomic mutations, rendering a selective growth advantage to the mutant clones. NPM1mut is found in around 30% of AML and clinically presents with leukocytosis, high blast percentage and extramedullary involvement. Considered as a "gate-keeper" mutation, NPM1mut appears to be a "first hit" in the process of leukemogenesis and development of overt leukemia. Commonly associated with other mutations (e.g., FLT 3, DNMT3A, TET2, SF3B1), NPM1 mutation in AML has an important role in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and post-treatment monitoring. Several novel therapies targeting NPM1 are being developed in various clinical phases with demonstration of efficacy. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiology of the NPM1 gene mutation in AML, clinical implications and the novel targeted therapies to date.
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24
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Chin L, Wong CYG, Gill H. Targeting and Monitoring Acute Myeloid Leukaemia with Nucleophosmin-1 ( NPM1) Mutation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043161. [PMID: 36834572 PMCID: PMC9958584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in NPM1, also known as nucleophosmin-1, B23, NO38, or numatrin, are seen in approximately one-third of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). A plethora of treatment strategies have been studied to determine the best possible approach to curing NPM1-mutated AML. Here, we introduce the structure and function of NPM1 and describe the application of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring using molecular methods by means of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), next-generation sequencing (NGS), and cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) to target NPM1-mutated AML. Current drugs, now regarded as the standard of care for AML, as well as potential drugs still under development, will also be explored. This review will focus on the role of targeting aberrant NPM1 pathways such as BCL-2 and SYK; as well as epigenetic regulators (RNA polymerase), DNA intercalators (topoisomerase II), menin inhibitors, and hypomethylating agents. Aside from medication, the effects of stress on AML presentation have been reported, and some possible mechanisms outlined. Moreover, targeted strategies will be briefly discussed, not only for the prevention of abnormal trafficking and localisation of cytoplasmic NPM1 but also for the elimination of mutant NPM1 proteins. Lastly, the advancement of immunotherapy such as targeting CD33, CD123, and PD-1 will be mentioned.
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25
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Martinov T, Greenberg PD. Targeting Driver Oncogenes and Other Public Neoantigens Using T Cell Receptor-Based Cellular Therapy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2023; 7:331-351. [PMID: 37655310 PMCID: PMC10470615 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-061521-082114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
T cell reactivity to tumor-specific neoantigens can drive endogenous and therapeutically induced antitumor immunity. However, most tumor-specific neoantigens are unique to each patient (private) and targeting them requires personalized therapy. A smaller subset of neoantigens includes epitopes that span recurrent mutation hotspots, translocations, or gene fusions in oncogenic drivers and tumor suppressors, as well as epitopes that arise from viral oncogenic proteins. Such antigens are likely to be shared across patients (public), uniformly expressed within a tumor, and required for cancer cell survival and fitness. Although a limited number of these public neoantigens are naturally immunogenic, recent studies affirm their clinical utility. In this review, we highlight efforts to target mutant KRAS, mutant p53, and epitopes derived from oncogenic viruses using T cells engineered with off-the-shelf T cell receptors. We also discuss the challenges and strategies to achieving more effective T cell therapies, particularly in the context of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Martinov
- Program in Immunology and Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Philip D Greenberg
- Program in Immunology and Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Immunology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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26
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Neoantigens: promising targets for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:9. [PMID: 36604431 PMCID: PMC9816309 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 164.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neoantigen research have accelerated the development and regulatory approval of tumor immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy and antibody-based therapies, especially for solid tumors. Neoantigens are newly formed antigens generated by tumor cells as a result of various tumor-specific alterations, such as genomic mutation, dysregulated RNA splicing, disordered post-translational modification, and integrated viral open reading frames. Neoantigens are recognized as non-self and trigger an immune response that is not subject to central and peripheral tolerance. The quick identification and prediction of tumor-specific neoantigens have been made possible by the advanced development of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic technologies. Compared to tumor-associated antigens, the highly immunogenic and tumor-specific neoantigens provide emerging targets for personalized cancer immunotherapies, and serve as prospective predictors for tumor survival prognosis and immune checkpoint blockade responses. The development of cancer therapies will be aided by understanding the mechanism underlying neoantigen-induced anti-tumor immune response and by streamlining the process of neoantigen-based immunotherapies. This review provides an overview on the identification and characterization of neoantigens and outlines the clinical applications of prospective immunotherapeutic strategies based on neoantigens. We also explore their current status, inherent challenges, and clinical translation potential.
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27
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Zhou W, Yu J, Li Y, Wang K. Neoantigen-specific TCR-T cell-based immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:100. [PMID: 36384590 PMCID: PMC9667632 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoantigens derived from non-synonymous somatic mutations are restricted to malignant cells and are thus considered ideal targets for T cell receptor (TCR)-based immunotherapy. Adoptive transfer of T cells bearing neoantigen-specific TCRs exhibits the ability to preferentially target tumor cells while remaining harmless to normal cells. High-avidity TCRs specific for neoantigens expressed on AML cells have been identified in vitro and verified using xenograft mouse models. Preclinical studies of these neoantigen-specific TCR-T cells are underway and offer great promise as safe and effective therapies. Additionally, TCR-based immunotherapies targeting tumor-associated antigens are used in early-phase clinical trials for the treatment of AML and show encouraging anti-leukemic effects. These clinical experiences support the application of TCR-T cells that are specifically designed to recognize neoantigens. In this review, we will provide a detailed profile of verified neoantigens in AML, describe the strategies to identify neoantigen-specific TCRs, and discuss the potential of neoantigen-specific T-cell-based immunotherapy in AML.
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28
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Wang R, Xu P, Chang LL, Zhang SZ, Zhu HH. Targeted therapy in NPM1-mutated AML: Knowns and unknowns. Front Oncol 2022; 12:972606. [PMID: 36237321 PMCID: PMC9552319 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.972606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by malignant proliferation of myeloid hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. NPM1 represents the most frequently mutated gene in AML and approximately 30% of AML cases carry NPM1 mutations. Mutated NPM1 result in the cytoplasmic localization of NPM1 (NPM1c). NPM1c interacts with other proteins to block myeloid differentiation, promote cell proliferation and impair DNA damage repair. NPM1 is a good prognostic marker, but some patients ultimately relapse or fail to respond to therapy. It is urgent for us to find optimal therapies for NPM1-mutated AML. Efficacy of multiple drugs is under investigation in NPM1-mutated AML, and several clinical trials have been registered. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge of therapy and focus on the possible therapeutic interventions for NPM1-mutated AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Lin-Lin Chang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Shi-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Hu Zhu, ; Shi-Zhong Zhang,
| | - Hong-Hu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Hu Zhu, ; Shi-Zhong Zhang,
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Current status and future perspectives in targeted therapy of NPM1-mutated AML. Leukemia 2022; 36:2351-2367. [PMID: 36008542 PMCID: PMC9522592 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) is a nucleus-cytoplasmic shuttling protein which is predominantly located in the nucleolus and exerts multiple functions, including regulation of centrosome duplication, ribosome biogenesis and export, histone assembly, maintenance of genomic stability and response to nucleolar stress. NPM1 mutations are the most common genetic alteration in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), detected in about 30–35% of adult AML and more than 50% of AML with normal karyotype. Because of its peculiar molecular and clinico-pathological features, including aberrant cytoplasmic dislocation of the NPM1 mutant and wild-type proteins, lack of involvement in driving clonal hematopoiesis, mutual exclusion with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, association with unique gene expression and micro-RNA profiles and high stability at relapse, NPM1-mutated AML is regarded as a distinct genetic entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic malignancies. Starting from the structure and functions of NPM1, we provide an overview of the potential targeted therapies against NPM1-mutated AML and discuss strategies aimed at interfering with the oligomerization (compound NSC348884) and the abnormal traffic of NPM1 (avrainvillamide, XPO1 inhibitors) as well as at inducing selective NPM1-mutant protein degradation (ATRA/ATO, deguelin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, imidazoquinoxaline derivatives) and at targeting the integrity of nucleolar structure (actinomycin D). We also discuss the current therapeutic results obtained in NPM1-mutated AML with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax and the preliminary clinical results using menin inhibitors targeting HOX/MEIS1 expression. Finally, we review various immunotherapeutic approaches in NPM1-mutated AML, including immune check-point inhibitors, CAR and TCR T-cell-based therapies against neoantigens created by the NPM1 mutations.
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30
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Mazzarella L, Enblad G, Olweus J, Malmberg KJ, Jerkeman M. Advances in immune therapies in hematological malignancies. J Intern Med 2022; 292:205-220. [PMID: 34624160 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy in cancer takes advantage of the exquisite specificity, potency, and flexibility of the immune system to eliminate alien tumor cells. It involves strategies to activate the entire immune defense, by unlocking mechanisms developed by tumor cells to escape from surrounding immune cells, as well as engineered antibody and cellular therapies. What is important to note is that these are therapeutics with curative potential. The earliest example of immune therapy is allogeneic stem cell transplantation, introduced in 1957, which is still an important modality in hematology, most notably in myeloid malignancies. In this review, we discuss developmental trends of immunotherapy in hematological malignancies, focusing on some of the strategies that we believe will have the most impact on future clinical practice in this field. In particular, we delineate novel developments for therapies that have already been introduced into the clinic, such as immune checkpoint inhibition and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of emerging strategies based on T-cell receptors and adoptive transfer of allogeneic natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Gunilla Enblad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Johanna Olweus
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Jerkeman
- Department of Oncology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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31
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Xu Q, Guo T. Somatic mutation-associated risk index based on lncRNA expression for predicting prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Hematology 2022; 27:659-671. [PMID: 35666642 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2056677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Genomic instability has several implications for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) prognosis. This article aims to construct a somatic mutation-associated risk index (SMRI) of genomic instability for AML to predict prognosis and explore the potential determinants of AML prognosis.Methods: We obtained differentially expressed lncRNAs from genomic instability subtypes and selected six lncRNAs to construct the SMRI through multivariate Cox regression analysis. The median SMRI classified patients into high and low SMRI groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to clarify the prognostic differences of SMRI subtypes. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to elucidate the value of SMRI as a prognostic indicator. Gene set variation analysis, tumor mutation burden (TMB) analysis, immune infiltration, and immune checkpoint expression analysis were performed to investigate possible causes for the differences in prognosis of SMRI subtypes.Results: The high SMRI group exhibited a poor prognosis, which was characterized by elevated levels of TMB, mutation counts (TP53, NPM1, DNMT3A, and FLT3-TKD), CD8+ T cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint (PD-1, PD-L2, CTLA4, LAG3) expression. The SMRI was still associated with prognosis, even after adjustment for age, sex, cytogenetic risk, DNMT3A status, FLT3 status, and NPM1 status. Gene set variation analysis showed that AML with FLT3-ITD mutation, CEBPA mutation, and LSCs (leukemia stem cells) were enriched in the high SMRI group.Conclusion: Our research suggests that the SMRI derived from genomic instability subtypes is a useful biomarker for predicting prognosis and may be beneficial for improving the clinical outcome of patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Guo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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32
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van Amerongen RA, Hagedoorn RS, Remst DFG, Assendelft DC, van der Steen DM, Wouters AK, van de Meent M, Kester MGD, de Ru AH, Griffioen M, van Veelen PA, Falkenburg JHF, Heemskerk MHM. WT1-specific TCRs directed against newly identified peptides install antitumor reactivity against acute myeloid leukemia and ovarian carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004409. [PMID: 35728869 PMCID: PMC9214430 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription factor Wilms’ tumor gene 1 (WT1) is an ideal tumor target based on its expression in a wide range of tumors, low-level expression in normal tissues and promoting role in cancer progression. In clinical trials, WT1 is targeted using peptide-based or dendritic cell-based vaccines and T-cell receptor (TCR)-based therapies. Antitumor reactivities were reported, but T-cell reactivity is hampered by self-tolerance to WT1 and limited number of WT1 peptides, which were thus far selected based on HLA peptide binding algorithms. Methods In this study, we have overcome both limitations by searching in the allogeneic T-cell repertoire of healthy donors for high-avidity WT1-specific T cells, specific for WT1 peptides derived from the HLA class I associated ligandome of primary leukemia and ovarian carcinoma samples. Results Using broad panels of malignant cells and healthy cell subsets, T-cell clones were selected that demonstrated potent and specific anti-WT1 T-cell reactivity against five of the eight newly identified WT1 peptides. Notably, T-cell clones for WT1 peptides previously used in clinical trials lacked reactivity against tumor cells, suggesting limited processing and presentation of these peptides. The TCR sequences of four T-cell clones were analyzed and TCR gene transfer into CD8+ T cells installed antitumor reactivity against WT1-expressing solid tumor cell lines, primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts, and ovarian carcinoma patient samples. Conclusions Our approach resulted in a set of naturally expressed WT1 peptides and four TCRs that are promising candidates for TCR gene transfer strategies in patients with WT1-expressing tumors, including AML and ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa A van Amerongen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renate S Hagedoorn
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis F G Remst
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danique C Assendelft
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk M van der Steen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne K Wouters
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marian van de Meent
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michel G D Kester
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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33
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Wiatrowski K, Kim TH, Przespolewski A. Cellular and Molecular Biomarkers Predictive of Response to Immunotherapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:826768. [PMID: 35664748 PMCID: PMC9160191 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.826768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has without question revolutionized the treatment of both hematologic and solid malignancies. Over the last several years novel strategies are being developed to incorporate these groundbreaking therapies into the care of patients with AML. Here we present an overview of the recent developments in immunotherapy for AML with a focus on biomarkers of response. Topics reviewed include antibody drug conjugates, BiTEs, DARTs, checkpoint inhibitors, and cellular therapy as well as the development of biomarkers predictive of response in each class.
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34
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Kuželová K, Brodská B, Marková J, Petráčková M, Schetelig J, Ransdorfová Š, Gašová Z, Šálek C. NPM1 and DNMT3A mutations are associated with distinct blast immunophenotype in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2073050. [PMID: 35558161 PMCID: PMC9090295 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2073050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is important for elimination of residual leukemic cells during acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy. Anti-leukemia immune response can be inhibited by various mechanisms leading to immune evasion and disease relapse. Selected markers of immune escape were analyzed on AML cells from leukapheresis at diagnosis (N = 53). Hierarchical clustering of AML immunophenotypes yielded distinct genetic clusters. In the absence of DNMT3A mutation, NPM1 mutation was associated with decreased HLA expression and low levels of other markers (CLIP, PD-L1, TIM-3). Analysis of an independent cohort confirmed decreased levels of HLA transcripts in patients with NPM1 mutation. Samples with combined NPM1 and DNMT3A mutations had high CLIP surface amount suggesting reduced antigen presentation. TIM-3 transcript correlated not only with TIM-3 surface protein but also with CLIP and PD-L1. In our cohort, high levels of TIM-3/PD-L1/CLIP were associated with lower survival. Our results suggest that AML genotype is related to blast immunophenotype, and that high TIM-3 transcript levels in AML blasts could be a marker of immune escape. Cellular pathways regulating resistance to the immune system might contribute to the predicted response to standard therapy of patients in specific AML subgroups and should be targeted to improve AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Kuželová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic,CONTACT Kateřina Kuželová Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Brodská
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Marková
- Clinical Department, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Petráčková
- Department of Gene Immunotherapy Research, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- Medical Clinic I, Division Hematology, Cell Therapy, and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Šárka Ransdorfová
- Department of Cytogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Gašová
- Department of Apheresis, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic,Institute of Clinical and Experimental Hematology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cyril Šálek
- Clinical Department, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic,Institute of Clinical and Experimental Hematology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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35
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Neoantigens – the next frontier in precision immunotherapy for B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood Rev 2022; 56:100969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Becker JP, Riemer AB. The Importance of Being Presented: Target Validation by Immunopeptidomics for Epitope-Specific Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883989. [PMID: 35464395 PMCID: PMC9018990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Presentation of tumor-specific or tumor-associated peptides by HLA class I molecules to CD8+ T cells is the foundation of epitope-centric cancer immunotherapies. While often in silico HLA binding predictions or in vitro immunogenicity assays are utilized to select candidates, mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics is currently the only method providing a direct proof of actual cell surface presentation. Despite much progress in the last decade, identification of such HLA-presented peptides remains challenging. Here we review typical workflows and current developments in the field of immunopeptidomics, highlight the challenges which remain to be solved and emphasize the importance of direct target validation for clinical immunotherapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas P Becker
- Immunotherapy and Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelika B Riemer
- Immunotherapy and Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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37
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Inflammation and myeloid malignancy: Quenching the flame. Blood 2022; 140:1067-1074. [PMID: 35468199 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021015162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation with aging ("inflammaging") plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies. Aberrant inflammatory activity impacts many different cells in the marrow, including normal blood and stromal marrow elements and leukemic cells, in unique and distinct ways. Inflammation can promote selective clonal expansion through differential immune-mediated suppression of normal hematopoietic cells and malignant clones. We review these complex roles, how they can be understood by separating cell-intrinsic from extrinsic effects, and how this informs future clinical trials.
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38
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Titov A, Shaykhutdinova R, Shcherbakova OV, Serdyuk YV, Sheetikov SA, Zornikova KV, Maleeva AV, Khmelevskaya A, Dianov DV, Shakirova NT, Malko DB, Shkurnikov M, Nersisyan S, Tonevitsky A, Khamaganova E, Ershov AV, Osipova EY, Nikolaev RV, Pershin DE, Vedmedskia VA, Maschan M, Ginanova VR, Efimov GA. Immunogenic epitope panel for accurate detection of non-cross-reactive T cell response to SARS-CoV-2. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157699. [PMID: 35389886 PMCID: PMC9090254 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic calls for more effective diagnostic tools. T cell response assessment serves as an independent indicator of prior COVID-19 exposure while also contributing to a more comprehensive characterization of SARS-CoV-2 immunity. In this study, we systematically assessed the immunogenicity of 118 epitopes with immune cells collected from multiple cohorts of vaccinated, convalescent, healthy unexposed, and SARS-CoV-2–exposed donors. We identified 75 immunogenic epitopes, 24 of which were immunodominant. We further confirmed HLA restriction for 49 epitopes and described association with more than 1 HLA allele for 14 of these. Exclusion of 2 cross-reactive epitopes that generated a response in prepandemic samples left us with a 73-epitope set that offered excellent diagnostic specificity without losing sensitivity compared with full-length antigens, and this evoked a robust cross-reactive response. We subsequently incorporated this set of epitopes into an in vitro diagnostic Corona-T-test, which achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 95% in a clinical trial. In a cohort of asymptomatic seronegative individuals with a history of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 exposure, we observed a complete absence of T cell response to our epitope panel. In combination with strong reactivity to full-length antigens, this suggests that a cross-reactive response might protect these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Titov
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Regina Shaykhutdinova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Shcherbakova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yana V Serdyuk
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Savely A Sheetikov
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ksenia V Zornikova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra V Maleeva
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Khmelevskaya
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Dianov
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Naina T Shakirova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry B Malko
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Shkurnikov
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Stepan Nersisyan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Tonevitsky
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Khamaganova
- Laboratory of HLA Genotyping, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Elena Y Osipova
- Stem Cell Physiology Laboratory, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center Of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ruslan V Nikolaev
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center Of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry E Pershin
- Transplantation Immunology and Immunotherapy Laboratory, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center Of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Viktoria A Vedmedskia
- Transplantation Immunology and Immunotherapy Laboratory, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center Of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Maschan
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center Of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria R Ginanova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Grigory A Efimov
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Lang F, Schrörs B, Löwer M, Türeci Ö, Sahin U. Identification of neoantigens for individualized therapeutic cancer vaccines. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:261-282. [PMID: 35105974 PMCID: PMC7612664 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in cancer cells can generate tumour-specific neoepitopes, which are recognized by autologous T cells in the host. As neoepitopes are not subject to central immune tolerance and are not expressed in healthy tissues, they are attractive targets for therapeutic cancer vaccines. Because the vast majority of cancer mutations are unique to the individual patient, harnessing the full potential of this rich source of targets requires individualized treatment approaches. Many computational algorithms and machine-learning tools have been developed to identify mutations in sequence data, to prioritize those that are more likely to be recognized by T cells and to design tailored vaccines for every patient. In this Review, we fill the gaps between the understanding of basic mechanisms of T cell recognition of neoantigens and the computational approaches for discovery of somatic mutations and neoantigen prediction for cancer immunotherapy. We present a new classification of neoantigens, distinguishing between guarding, restrained and ignored neoantigens, based on how they confer proficient antitumour immunity in a given clinical context. Such context-based differentiation will contribute to a framework that connects neoantigen biology to the clinical setting and medical peculiarities of cancer, and will enable future neoantigen-based therapies to provide greater clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lang
- TRON Translational Oncology, Mainz, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ugur Sahin
- BioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
- University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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40
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Bollineni RC, Tran TT, Lund-Johansen F, Olweus J. Chasing neoantigens; invite naïve T cells to the party. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 75:102172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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41
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Kang S, Li Y, Qiao J, Meng X, He Z, Gao X, Yu L. Antigen-Specific TCR-T Cells for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: State of the Art and Challenges. Front Oncol 2022; 12:787108. [PMID: 35356211 PMCID: PMC8959347 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.787108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytogenetic abnormalities and molecular mutations involved in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) lead to unique treatment challenges. Although adoptive T-cell therapies (ACT) such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have shown promising results in the treatment of leukemias, especially B-cell malignancies, the optimal target surface antigen has yet to be discovered for AML. Alternatively, T-cell receptor (TCR)-redirected T cells can target intracellular antigens presented by HLA molecules, allowing the exploration of a broader territory of new therapeutic targets. Immunotherapy using adoptive transfer of WT1 antigen-specific TCR-T cells, for example, has had positive clinical successes in patients with AML. Nevertheless, AML can escape from immune system elimination by producing immunosuppressive factors or releasing several cytokines. This review presents recent advances of antigen-specific TCR-T cells in treating AML and discusses their challenges and future directions in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synat Kang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yisheng Li
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingqiao Qiao
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziqian He
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Central Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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Xu Q, Cao D, Fang B, Yan S, Hu Y, Guo T. Immune-related gene signature predicts clinical outcomes and immunotherapy response in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3364-3380. [PMID: 35355427 PMCID: PMC9468431 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune response in the bone marrow microenvironment has implications for progression and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, few immune‐related biomarkers for AML prognosis and immunotherapy response have been identified. We aimed to establish a predictive gene signature and to explore the determinants of prognosis in AML. Methods Immune‐related genes with clinical significance were screened by a weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. Seven immune‐related genes were used to establish a gene signature by a multivariate Cox regression analysis. Based on the signature, low‐ and high‐risk groups were compared with respect to the immune microenvironment, immune checkpoints, pathway activities, and mutation frequencies. The tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) method was used to predict the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. The Connectivity Map database was used to explore small‐molecule drugs expected to treat high‐risk populations. Results A seven‐gene prognostic signature was used to classify patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups. Prognosis was poorer for patients in the former than in the latter. The high‐risk group displayed higher levels of immune checkpoint molecules (LAG3, PD‐1, CTLA4, PD‐L2, and PD‐L1), immune cell infiltration (dendritic cells, T helper 1, and gamma delta T), and somatic mutations (NPM1 and RUNX1). Moreover, hematopoietic stem cell/leukemia stem cell pathways were enriched in the high‐risk phenotype. Compared with that in the low‐risk group, the lower TIDE score for the high‐risk group implied that this group is more likely to benefit from ICB therapy. Finally, some drugs (FLT3 inhibitors and BCL inhibitors) targeting the expression profiles associated with the high‐risk group were generated using Connectivity Map. Conclusion The newly developed immune‐related gene signature is an effective biomarker for predicting prognosis in AML and provides a basis, from an immunological perspective, for the development of comprehensive therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dedong Cao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Yan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063304. [PMID: 35328721 PMCID: PMC8953556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. The standard of care in medically and physically fit patients is intensive induction therapy. The majority of these intensively treated patients achieve a complete remission. However, a high number of these patients will experience relapse. In patients older than 60 years, the results are even worse. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. One promising approach in high-risk leukemia to prevent relapse is the induction of the immune system simultaneously or after reduction of the initial tumor burden. Different immunotherapeutic approaches such as allogenic stem cell transplantation or donor lymphocyte infusions are already standard therapies, but other options for AML treatment are in the pipeline. Moreover, the therapeutic landscape in AML is rapidly changing, and in the last years, a number of immunogenic targets structures eligible for specific therapy, risk assessment or evaluation of disease course were determined. For example, leukemia-associated antigens (LAA) showed to be critical as biomarkers of disease state and survival, as well as markers of minimal residual disease (MRD). Yet many mechanisms and properties are still insufficiently understood, which also represents a great potential for this form of therapy. Therefore, targeted therapy as immunotherapy could turn into an efficient tool to clear residual disease, improve the outcome of AML patients and reduce the relapse risk. In this review, established but also emerging immunotherapeutic approaches for AML patients will be discussed.
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44
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Genetic Modification of T Cells for the Immunotherapy of Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030457. [PMID: 35335089 PMCID: PMC8949949 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a beneficial treatment approach for multiple cancers, however, current therapies are effective only in a small subset of patients. Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is a facet of immunotherapy where T cells targeting the tumor cells are transferred to the patient with several primary forms, utilizing unmodified or modified T cells: tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), genetically modified T cell receptor transduced T cells, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transduced T cells. Many clinical trials are underway investigating the efficacy and safety of these different subsets of ACT, as well as trials that combine one of these subsets with another type of immunotherapy. The main challenges existing with ACT are improving clinical responses and decreasing adverse events. Current research focuses on identifying novel tumor targeting T cell receptors, improving safety and efficacy, and investigating ACT in combination with other immunotherapies.
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45
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Morton LT, Wachsmann TLA, Meeuwsen MH, Wouters AK, Remst DFG, van Loenen MM, Falkenburg JHF, Heemskerk MHM. T cell receptor engineering of primary NK cells to therapeutically target tumors and tumor immune evasion. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003715. [PMID: 35288464 PMCID: PMC8921915 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered cells can be powerful tools in the treatment of malignancies. However, tumor resistance by Human Leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I downregulation can negatively impact the success of any TCR-mediated cell therapy. Allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells have demonstrated efficacy and safety against malignancies without inducing graft-versus-host-disease, highlighting the feasibility for an 'off the shelf' cellular therapeutic. Furthermore, primary NK cells can target tumors using a broad array of intrinsic activation mechanisms. In this study, we combined the antitumor effector functions of NK cells with TCR engineering (NK-TCR), creating a novel therapeutic strategy to avoid TCR-associated immune resistance. METHODS BOB1, is a transcription factor highly expressed in all healthy and malignant B cell lineages, including multiple myeloma (MM). Expression of an HLA-B*07:02 restricted BOB1-specifc TCR in peripheral blood-derived NK cells was achieved following a two-step retroviral transduction protocol. NK-TCR was then compared with TCR-negative NK cells and CD8-T cells expressing the same TCR for effector function against HLA-B*07:02+ B-cell derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL), B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and MM cell lines in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Firstly, TCR could be reproducibly expressed in NK cells isolated from the peripheral blood of multiple healthy donors generating pure NK-TCR cell products. Secondly, NK-TCR demonstrated antigen-specific effector functions against malignancies which were previously resistant to NK-mediated lysis and enhanced NK efficacy in vivo using a preclinical xenograft model of MM. Moreover, antigen-specific cytotoxicity and cytokine production of NK-TCR was comparable to CD8 T cells expressing the same TCR. Finally, in a model of HLA-class I loss, tumor cells with B2M KO were lysed by NK-TCR in an NK-mediated manner but were resistant to T-cell based killing. CONCLUSION NK-TCR cell therapy enhances NK cell efficacy against tumors through additional TCR-mediated lysis. Furthermore, the dual efficacy of NK-TCR permits the specific targeting of tumors and the associated TCR-associated immune resistance, making NK-TCR a unique cellular therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura T Morton
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miranda H Meeuwsen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne K Wouters
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis F G Remst
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M van Loenen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Despite FDA approval of nine new drugs for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the United States over the last 4 years, AML remains a major area of unmet medical need among hematologic malignancies. In this review, we discuss the development of promising new molecular targeted approaches for AML, including menin inhibition, novel IDH1/2 inhibitors, and preclinical means to target TET2, ASXL1, and RNA splicing factor mutations. In addition, we review progress in immune targeting of AML through anti-CD47, anti-SIRPα, and anti-TIM-3 antibodies; bispecific and trispecific antibodies; and new cellular therapies in development for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philipp Bewersdorf
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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47
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Okada M, Shimizu K, Fujii SI. Identification of Neoantigens in Cancer Cells as Targets for Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052594. [PMID: 35269735 PMCID: PMC8910406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical benefits of immune checkpoint blockage (ICB) therapy have been widely reported. In patients with cancer, researchers have demonstrated the clinical potential of antitumor cytotoxic T cells that can be reinvigorated or enhanced by ICB. Compared to self-antigens, neoantigens derived from tumor somatic mutations are believed to be ideal immune targets in tumors. Candidate tumor neoantigens can be identified through immunogenomic or immunopeptidomic approaches. Identification of neoantigens has revealed several points of the clinical relevance. For instance, tumor mutation burden (TMB) may be an indicator of immunotherapy. In various cancers, mutation rates accompanying neoantigen loads may be indicative of immunotherapy. Furthermore, mismatch repair-deficient tumors can be eradicated by T cells in ICB treatment. Hence, immunotherapies using vaccines or adoptive T-cell transfer targeting neoantigens are potential innovative strategies. However, significant efforts are required to identify the optimal epitopes. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the identification of neoantigens and discussed preclinical and clinical studies based on neoantigens. We also discuss the issues remaining to be addressed before clinical applications of these new therapeutic strategies can be materialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okada
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (M.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Kanako Shimizu
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (M.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Shin-ichiro Fujii
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (M.O.); (K.S.)
- Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms, RIKEN, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-503-7062
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48
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Meeuwsen MH, Wouters AK, Jahn L, Hagedoorn RS, Kester MG, Remst DF, Morton LT, van der Steen DM, Kweekel C, de Ru AH, Griffioen M, van Veelen PA, Falkenburg JF, Heemskerk MH. A broad and systematic approach to identify B cell malignancy-targeting TCRs for multi-antigen-based T cell therapy. Mol Ther 2022; 30:564-578. [PMID: 34371177 PMCID: PMC8821929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR T cell therapy has shown great promise for the treatment of B cell malignancies. However, antigen-negative escape variants often cause disease relapse, necessitating the development of multi-antigen-targeting approaches. We propose that a T cell receptor (TCR)-based strategy would increase the number of potential antigenic targets, as peptides from both intracellular and extracellular proteins can be recognized. Here, we aimed to isolate a broad range of promising TCRs targeting multiple antigens for treatment of B cell malignancies. As a first step, 28 target genes for B cell malignancies were selected based on gene expression profiles. Twenty target peptides presented in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A∗01:01, -A∗24:02, -B∗08:01, or -B∗35:01 were identified from the immunopeptidome of B cell malignancies and used to form peptide-HLA (pHLA)-tetramers for T cell isolation. Target-peptide-specific CD8 T cells were isolated from HLA-mismatched healthy donors and subjected to a stringent stepwise selection procedure to ensure potency and eliminate cross-reactivity. In total, five T cell clones specific for FCRL5 in HLA-A∗01:01, VPREB3 in HLA-A∗24:02, and BOB1 in HLA-B∗35:01 recognized B cell malignancies. For all three specificities, TCR gene transfer into CD8 T cells resulted in cytokine production and efficient killing of multiple B cell malignancies. In conclusion, using this systematic approach we successfully identified three promising TCRs for T cell therapy against B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda H. Meeuwsen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands,Corresponding author: Miranda H. Meeuwsen, Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Anne K. Wouters
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Lorenz Jahn
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands,Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Renate S. Hagedoorn
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Michel G.D. Kester
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis F.G. Remst
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Laura T. Morton
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk M. van der Steen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Kweekel
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H. de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A. van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mirjam H.M. Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands,Corresponding author: Mirjam H.M. Heemskerk, Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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49
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Dong L, Lu D, Chen R, Lin Y, Zhu H, Zhang Z, Cai S, Cui P, Song G, Rao D, Yi X, Wu Y, Song N, Liu F, Zou Y, Zhang S, Zhang X, Wang X, Qiu S, Zhou J, Wang S, Zhang X, Shi Y, Figeys D, Ding L, Wang P, Zhang B, Rodriguez H, Gao Q, Gao D, Zhou H, Fan J. Proteogenomic characterization identifies clinically relevant subgroups of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:70-87.e15. [PMID: 34971568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We performed proteogenomic characterization of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) using paired tumor and adjacent liver tissues from 262 patients. Integrated proteogenomic analyses prioritized genetic aberrations and revealed hallmarks of iCCA pathogenesis. Aflatoxin signature was associated with tumor initiation, proliferation, and immune suppression. Mutation-associated signaling profiles revealed that TP53 and KRAS co-mutations may contribute to iCCA metastasis via the integrin-FAK-SRC pathway. FGFR2 fusions activated the Rho GTPase pathway and could be a potential source of neoantigens. Proteomic profiling identified four patient subgroups (S1-S4) with subgroup-specific biomarkers. These proteomic subgroups had distinct features in prognosis, genetic alterations, microenvironment dysregulation, tumor microbiota composition, and potential therapeutics. SLC16A3 and HKDC1 were further identified as potential prognostic biomarkers associated with metabolic reprogramming of iCCA cells. This study provides a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians to further identify molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities in iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqing Dong
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dayun Lu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ran Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Youpei Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Burning Rock Biotech, Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Shangli Cai
- Burning Rock Biotech, Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Burning Rock Biotech, Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Guohe Song
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongning Rao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinpei Yi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yingcheng Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nixue Song
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fen Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yunhao Zou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuangjian Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shisheng Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine, McDonnell Genome Institute, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MI 63108, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Daming Gao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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50
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuronal and synaptic loss and inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). The majority of AD research has been dedicated to the understanding of two major AD hallmarks (i.e. Aβ and NFTs); however, recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data indicate neuroinflammation as having a critical role in late-onset AD (LOAD) development, thus unveiling a novel avenue for AD therapeutics. Recent evidence has provided much support to the innate immune system's involvement with AD progression; however, much remains to be uncovered regarding the role of glial cells, specifically microglia, in AD. Moreover, numerous variants in immune and/or microglia-related genes have been identified in whole-genome sequencing and GWAS analyses, including such genes as TREM2, CD33, APOE, API1, MS4A, ABCA7, BIN1, CLU, CR1, INPP5D, PICALM and PLCG2. In this review, we aim to provide an insight into the function of the major LOAD-associated microglia response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Jonas
- Weill Cornell, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tanya Jain
- Weill Cornell, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Weill Cornell, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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