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Zhang X, Ma L, Li J, Zhang W, Xie Y, Wang Y. Mental health and lower urinary tract symptoms: Results from the NHANES and Mendelian randomization study. J Psychosom Res 2024; 178:111599. [PMID: 38309129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical observations suggest a correlation between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) and mental health problems. Nonetheless, establishing a direct causal relationship between them remains challenging. METHODS We initially conducted a cross-sectional study using 2005-2018 the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was the primary statistical approach. Additionally, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to reducing confounding and reverse causation. Genetic instruments were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) databases. Inverse Variance Weighted was the primary statistical method. RESULTS The cross-sectional study involved 29,439 participants. Individuals with mental health problems had a higher risk of urinary incontinence (OR:4.38; 95%CI:3.32-5.76; P < 0.01) and overactive bladder (OR:2.31; 95%CI:2.02-2.63; P < 0.01). MR analysis then indicated a potential causal relationship between mental health problems and LUTSs. Depression symptoms was linked with urinary tract infection (UTI) (OR:1.005; 95%CI:1.003-1.008; PFDR < 0.01). Anxiety symptoms was related to the occurrence of UTI (OR:1.024; 95%CI:1.011-1.037; PFDR < 0.01) and bladder calcified/ contracted/ overactive (OR:1.017; 95%CI:1.007-1.027; PFDR < 0.01). The personality trait of neuroticism was related to the occurrence of cystitis (OR:1.072; 95%CI:1.022-1.125; PFDR = 0.02), extravasation of urine and difficulties with micturition (OR:1.001; 95%CI:1.001-1.002; PFDR < 0.01), and urinary frequency and incontinence (OR: 1.001; 95%CI:1.000-1.001; PFDR < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides various evidence for the correlation between mental health and LUTSs, emphasizing the significance of adopting a holistic approach to LUTSs management that incorporates both physical and psychological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Leilei Ma
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiran Xie
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaoguang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Rossano F, Caiazza C, Zotti N, Viacava L, Irano A, Solini N, Pistone L, Pezone R, Cilmi F, Ricci C, De Prisco M, Iasevoli F, Kishi T, Solmi M, de Bartolomeis A, Fornaro M. The efficacy, safety, and adverse events of azapirones in anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 76:23-51. [PMID: 37544075 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Azapirones have been proposed as anxiety and mood modulators. We assessed azapirones' viability in anxiety disorders via systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis, inquiring PubMed/MEDLINE/CENTRAL/WHO-ICTRP/WebOfScience/VIP up-to 05/01/2023. We conducted sensitivity, and subgroup analyses assessing heterogeneity, publication bias, risk of bias, and confidence in the evidence within the GRADE framework. Symptom reduction (mean difference/MD), study-defined response (risk ratios/RRs), and acceptability were co-primary outcomes. Adverse events and withdrawal were secondary. Seventy studies were included. In generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), azapirones largely outperformed placebo (MD=-4.91, 95%C.I.[-5.91, -3.90], Hedges'g -1.37 [-1.02, -0.73]), k = 22, n = 2,567; RR=1.64, 95%C.I.[1.45, 1.86], k = 9, n = 1,346). While azapirones overlapped benzodiazepines in symptom reduction (MD=-0.12, 95%C.I.[-0.70, 0.45], k = 34, n = 3,160), they were slightly outperformed in response rate (RR=0.94, 95%C.I.[0.90, 0.99], k = 18, n = 2,423). Azapirones overlapped SRIs (MD=0.09, 95%C.I.[-0.49, 0.67], k = 8, n = 747; RR=0.97, 95%C.I.[0.89, 1.07], k = 7, n = 737). Confidence in estimates was high/moderate vs. placebo, moderate/low vs. benzodiazepine, very-low vs. SRIs. Azapirones failed to outperform the placebo in panic and social anxiety disorders. Azapirones overlapped placebo and SRIs in drop-out rates, while they showed higher treatment discontinuation rates than benzodiazepines (RR=1.33, 95%C.I.[1.16, 1.53], k = 23, n = 2,768). Azapirones caused less sedation/fatigue/drowsiness/weakness/cognitive issues than benzodiazepines, resembling placebo. They caused more nausea and dizziness than placebo, more headache and nausea than benzodiazepines, and less nausea and xerostomia than SRIs. Azapirones proved effective and relatively well-tolerated for GAD. They should be preferred over benzodiazepines, especially in the long-term, considering their lower sedation and addiction potential, representing a potential SRI alternative. Further research is warranted to prove efficacy in panic and social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Rossano
- Clinical Section of Psychiatry and Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Caiazza
- Clinical Section of Psychiatry and Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicolas Zotti
- Clinical Section of Psychiatry and Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Viacava
- Clinical Section of Psychiatry and Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Irano
- Clinical Section of Psychiatry and Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Niccolò Solini
- Clinical Section of Psychiatry and Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Pistone
- Clinical Section of Psychiatry and Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosanna Pezone
- Clinical Section of Psychiatry and Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Cilmi
- Clinical Section of Psychiatry and Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Ricci
- Clinical Section of Psychiatry and Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele De Prisco
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, C. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Taro Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; On Track: The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Clinical Section of Psychiatry and Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Wakeford A, Nye JA, Grieb ZA, Voisin DA, Mun J, Huhman KL, Albers E, Michopoulos V. Sex influences the effects of social status on socioemotional behavior and serotonin neurochemistry in rhesus monkeys. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:75. [PMID: 37898775 PMCID: PMC10613371 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite observed sex differences in the prevalence of stress-related psychiatric conditions, most preclinical and translational studies have only included male subjects. Therefore, it has not been possible to effectively assess how sex interacts with other psychosocial risk factors to impact the etiology and maintenance of stress-related psychopathology. One psychosocial factor that interacts with sex to impact risk for stress-related behavioral and physiological deficits is social dominance. The current study was designed to assess sex differences in the effects of social status on socioemotional behavior and serotonin neurochemistry in socially housed rhesus monkeys. We hypothesized that sex and social status interact to influence socioemotional behaviors as well as serotonin 1A receptor binding potential (5HT1AR-BP) in regions of interest (ROIs) implicated in socioemotional behavior. METHODS Behavioral observations were conducted in gonadally intact adult female (n = 14) and male (n = 13) rhesus monkeys. 5HT1AR-BP was assessed via positron emission tomography using 4-(2'-Methoxyphenyl)-1-[2'-(N-2"-pyridinyl)-p[18F]fluorobenzamido]ethylpiperazine ([18F]MPPF). RESULTS Aggression emitted was greater in dominant compared to subordinate animals, regardless of sex. Submission emitted was significantly greater in subordinate versus dominant animals and greater in females than males. Affiliative behaviors emitted were not impacted by sex, status, or their interaction. Anxiety-like behavior emitted was significantly greater in females than in males regardless of social status. Hypothalamic 5HT1AR-BP was significantly greater in females than in males, regardless of social status. 5HT1AR-BP in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was significantly impacted by a sex by status interaction whereby 5HT1AR-BP in the dentate gyrus was greater in dominant compared to subordinate females but was not different between dominant and subordinate males. There were no effects of sex, status, or their interaction on 5HT1AR-BP in the DRN and in the regions of the PFC studied. CONCLUSIONS These data have important implications for the treatment of stress-related behavioral health outcomes, as they suggest that sex and social status are important factors to consider in the context of serotonergic drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Wakeford
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jonathon A Nye
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Zachary A Grieb
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dené A Voisin
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jiyoung Mun
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kim L Huhman
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elliott Albers
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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4
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Kolla NJ, Boileau I, Bagby RM. Higher trait neuroticism is associated with greater fatty acid amide hydrolase binding in borderline and antisocial personality disorders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1126. [PMID: 35064143 PMCID: PMC8782862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are the two most frequently diagnosed and researched DSM-5 personality disorders, and both are characterized by high levels of trait neuroticism. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an enzyme of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), has been linked to regulation of mood through modulation of anandamide, an endocannabinoid. We hypothesized that prefrontal cortex (PFC) FAAH binding would relate to trait neuroticism in personality disorders. Thirty-one individuals with personality disorders (20 with BPD and 11 with ASPD) completed the investigation. All participants completed the revised NEO Personality Inventory, which yields standardized scores (e.g., T scores) for the traits of neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and extraversion. All participants were medication free and were not utilizing illicit substances as determined by drug urinalysis. Additionally, none of the participants had a comorbid major depressive episode, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorder, or substance use disorder. Each participant underwent one [11C]CURB PET scan. Consistent with our hypothesis, neuroticism was positively correlated with PFC FAAH binding (r = 0.42, p = 0.021), controlling for genotype. Neuroticism was also positively correlated with dorsal putamen FAAH binding (r = 0.53, p = 0.0024), controlling for genotype. Elevated brain FAAH is an endophenotype for high neuroticism in BPD and ASPD. Novel pharmacological therapeutics that inhibit FAAH could emerge as potential new treatments for BPD and ASPD with high neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Kolla
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, Room 626, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada. .,Waypoint/University of Toronto Research Chair in Forensic Mental Health Science, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, Room 626, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Michael Bagby
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, Room 626, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Lan MJ, Zanderigo F, Pantazatos SP, Sublette ME, Miller J, Ogden RT, Mann JJ. Serotonin 1A Receptor Binding of [11C]CUMI-101 in Bipolar Depression Quantified Using Positron Emission Tomography: Relationship to Psychopathology and Antidepressant Response. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:534-544. [PMID: 34996114 PMCID: PMC9352178 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) remains largely unknown despite it causing significant disability and suicide risk. Serotonin signaling may play a role in the pathophysiology, but direct evidence for this is lacking. Treatment of the depressed phase of the disorder is limited. Previous studies have indicated that positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the serotonin 1A receptor (5HT1AR) may predict antidepressant response. METHODS A total of 20 participants with BD in a current major depressive episode and 16 healthy volunteers had PET imaging with [11C]CUMI-101, employing a metabolite-corrected input function for quantification of binding potential to the 5HT1AR. Bipolar participants then received an open-labeled, 6-week clinical trial with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) in addition to their mood stabilizer. Clinical ratings were obtained at baseline and during SSRI treatment. RESULTS Pretreatment binding potential (BPF) of [11C]CUMI-101 was associated with a number of pretreatment clinical variables within BD participants. Within the raphe nucleus, it was inversely associated with the baseline Montgomery Åsberg Rating Scale (P = .026), the Beck Depression Inventory score (P = .0023), and the Buss Durkee Hostility Index (P = .0058), a measure of lifetime aggression. A secondary analysis found [11C]CUMI-101 BPF was higher in bipolar participants compared with healthy volunteers (P = .00275). [11C]CUMI-101 BPF did not differ between SSRI responders and non-responders (P = .907) to treatment and did not predict antidepressant response (P = .580). Voxel-wise analyses confirmed the results obtained in regions of interest analyses. CONCLUSIONS A disturbance of serotonin system function is associated with both the diagnosis of BD and its severity of depression. Pretreatment 5HT1AR binding did not predict SSRI antidepressant outcome.The study was listed on clinicaltrials.gov with identifier NCT02473250.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Lan
- Correspondence: Martin Lan, MD, PhD, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 42, New York, NY 10032, USA ()
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Spiro P Pantazatos
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Todd Ogden
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Radiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Wu Y, Zhong Y, Zheng G, Liu Y, Pang M, Xu H, Ding H, Wang C, Zhang N. Disrupted fronto-temporal function in panic disorder: a resting-state connectome study. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:888-898. [PMID: 34668168 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent neuroimaging studies have identified alterations in activity and connectivity among many brain regions as potential biomarkers for panic disorder. However, the functional connectome of panic disorder is not well understood. Therefore, a graph-theoretical approach was applied in this study to construct functional networks of patients and healthy controls in order to discover topological changes in panic disorder. 31 patients and 33 age and sex matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain networks for each participant were structured using nodes from the Anatomical Automatic Labeling template and edges from connectivity matrices. Then, topological organizations of networks were calculated. Network-based statistical analysis was conducted, and global and nodal properties were compared between patients and controls. Unlike controls, patients with panic disorder displayed a small-world network. Patients also revealed decreased nodal efficiency in right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), middle frontal gyrus (MFG), right superior temporal gyrus (STG), and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Decreased functional connectivity was found in panic disorder between right MTG and extensive temporal regions. Among these disrupted regions, the decreased nodal efficiency of SFG showed a positive correlation with clinical symptoms while nodal betweenness centrality in angular gyrus showed a negative correlation. Our results indicated decreased function of global and regional information transmission in panic disorder and emphasized the role of temporal regions in its pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No.264 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, PR China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manlong Pang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No.264 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huazhen Xu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No.264 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huachen Ding
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No.264 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No.264 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No.264 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Francis-Oliveira J, Shieh IC, Vilar Higa GS, Barbosa MA, De Pasquale R. Maternal separation induces changes in TREK-1 and 5HT 1A expression in brain areas involved in the stress response in a sex-dependent way. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112909. [PMID: 32949645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent disease in modern society, and has been linked to stressful events at early ages. Women are more susceptible to depression, and the neural basis for this are still under investigation. Serotonin is known to be involved in depression, and a decrease in 5HT1A expression is observed on temporal and cortical areas in both men and women with depression. As knockout animals for TREK-1 are resilient to depression, this channel has emerged as a new potential pharmacological target for depression treatment. In this study, maternal separation (MS) was used to emulate early-life stress, and evaluate behaviour, as well as TREK-1 and 5HT1A expression in the brain using immunohistochemistry. In juvenile females, 5HT1A reduction coupled to increased TREK-1 in the dentate gyrus (DG) was associated with behavioural despair, as well as increased TREK-1 expression in basolateral amygdala (BLA) and prelimbic cortex (PL). In juvenile males, MS induced an increase in 5HT1A in the BLA, and in TREK-1 in the PL, while no behavioural despair was observed. Anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviour were not induced by MS. We conclude stress-induced increase in TREK-1 in PL and GD is associated to depression, while 5HT1A changes coupled to TREK-1 changes may be necessary to induce depression, with females being more vulnerable to MS effects than males. Thus, TREK-1 and 5HT1A may be potential pharmacological targets for antidepressants development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Francis-Oliveira
- Dept of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute I, São Paulo University, Ave Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - I C Shieh
- Dept of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute I, São Paulo University, Ave Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - G S Vilar Higa
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Mathematics Computation Cognition Center, Rua Arcturus 03, 09606-070, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Barbosa
- Dept of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute I, São Paulo University, Ave Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R De Pasquale
- Dept of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute I, São Paulo University, Ave Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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8
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Azimi Z, Barzan R, Spoida K, Surdin T, Wollenweber P, Mark MD, Herlitze S, Jancke D. Separable gain control of ongoing and evoked activity in the visual cortex by serotonergic input. eLife 2020; 9:e53552. [PMID: 32252889 PMCID: PMC7138610 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling gain of cortical activity is essential to modulate weights between internal ongoing communication and external sensory drive. Here, we show that serotonergic input has separable suppressive effects on the gain of ongoing and evoked visual activity. We combined optogenetic stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) with wide-field calcium imaging, extracellular recordings, and iontophoresis of serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonists in the mouse visual cortex. 5-HT1A receptors promote divisive suppression of spontaneous activity, while 5-HT2A receptors act divisively on visual response gain and largely account for normalization of population responses over a range of visual contrasts in awake and anesthetized states. Thus, 5-HT input provides balanced but distinct suppressive effects on ongoing and evoked activity components across neuronal populations. Imbalanced 5-HT1A/2A activation, either through receptor-specific drug intake, genetically predisposed irregular 5-HT receptor density, or change in sensory bombardment may enhance internal broadcasts and reduce sensory drive and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Azimi
- Optical Imaging Group, Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Ruxandra Barzan
- Optical Imaging Group, Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Katharina Spoida
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Tatjana Surdin
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Patric Wollenweber
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Melanie D Mark
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Dirk Jancke
- Optical Imaging Group, Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
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9
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Niedzielak T, Ravenelle R, Joseph M, Calhoun C, Plotkin B, Jones R, Herrera M, Tiffany Donaldson S. 5-HT1A and α2 adrenergic receptor levels are associated with high anxiety-like patterns and impulsivity in selectively bred Long Evans rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 383:112522. [PMID: 32007493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity and anxiety are psychological traits involved in many aspects of the drug addiction cycle. However, few preclinical models exist for examining both impulsive and anxiety patterns. In the current study, we investigated whether 6th generation rats selectively bred for high anxiety (HAn)-like behavior would display amphetamine (AMPH) hyperactivity. In the same generational line, we also determined if HAn animals would display impulsivity in an operant task. Filial 5 male Long Evans rats phenotyped as HAn and low anxiety (LAn) were tested on the elevated plus maze (EPM) and in locomotor chambers following a low dose of AMPH (0.5 mg/kg, IP). Next, a separate group of F5 animals was exposed to a differential reinforcement of low rate of responding (DRL: 30 s) operant schedule to assess impulsivity. Postmortem, 5-HT1A and α2 adrenergic receptor protein levels were measured in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell, and α2 adrenergic counts were assessed in the locus coeruleus (LC), and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. F5 outbred HAn rats had decreased percent open arm time and entries on the EPM and elevated AMPH-induced locomotion. In the DRL, HAn rats displayed an impulsive profile, they attained fewer total rewards, had more inter-response times, and showed greater burst ratios. We found that HAn rats had a higher number of 5-HT1A receptor immunostained cells in the mPFC but were not different than LAn in NAc core or shell. By contrast, levels of the α2 adrenergic receptor protein were no different in the mPFC while HAn rats had greater levels in the LC and lower levels in the PVN. Overall, these data further validate our outbred trait anxiety rats: HAn males show anxiety-like behavior, AMPH hypersensitivity, greater impulsivity, and varying levels of limbic and midbrain 5-HT1A and α2 adrenergic receptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Niedzielak
- Broward Health Medical Center, 3100 SW 62nd Avenue, Miami, FL, 33155, USA
| | - Rebecca Ravenelle
- City University of New York, CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Marie Joseph
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Corey Calhoun
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Brooke Plotkin
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Raquel Jones
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Maria Herrera
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - S Tiffany Donaldson
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
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10
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Shao X, Zhu G. Associations Among Monoamine Neurotransmitter Pathways, Personality Traits, and Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:381. [PMID: 32477180 PMCID: PMC7237722 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric disease requiring multidisciplinary approaches to identify specific risk factors and establish more efficacious treatment strategies. Although the etiology and pathophysiology of MDD are not clear until these days, it is acknowledged that they are almost certainly multifactorial and comprehensive. Monoamine neurotransmitter system dysfunction and specific personality traits are independent risk factors for depression and suicide. These factors also demonstrate complex interactions that influence MDD pathogenesis and symptom expression. In this review, we assess these relationships with the aim of providing a reference for the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Jafari-Sabet M, Nemati S, Torab M. Cross state-dependency of learning between 5-HT1A and/or 5-HT7 receptor agonists and muscimol in the mouse dorsal hippocampus. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:722-736. [PMID: 30789290 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119826608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of the serotonergic and GABAergic systems in cognitive disorders has been revealed. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of drug-associated learning and memory formation may help treatment of cognitive disorders. AIMS The aim of the present study was to investigate: 1) 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1A agonist), AS19 (5-HT7 agonist) and muscimol (GABA-A agonist) on memory retrieval and state of memory, 2) cross state-dependent learning between 8-OH-DPAT and/or AS19 and muscimol. METHODS The dorsal hippocampal CA1 regions of adult male NMRI mice were bilaterally cannulated, and all drugs were microinjected into the intended sites of injection. A single-trial step-down inhibitory avoidance task was used for the evaluation of memory retrieval and state of memory. RESULTS Post-training and/or pre-test 8-OH-DPAT, AS19 and muscimol induced amnesia. Pre-test microinjection of the same doses of 8-OH-DPAT, AS19 and muscimol reversed the post-training 8-OH-DPAT-, AS19- and muscimol-induced amnesia, respectively. This event has been named state-dependent learning (SDL). The amnesia induced by 8-OH-DPAT was reversed by muscimol and induced 8-OH-DPAT SDL. The amnesia induced by muscimol was reversed by 8-OH-DPAT and induced muscimol SDL. The amnesia induced by AS19 was reversed by muscimol and induced AS19 SDL. The amnesia induced by muscimol was reversed by AS19 and induced muscimol SDL. Pre-test administration of a selective GABA-A receptor antagonist, bicuculline, 5 min before muscimol, 8-OH-DPAT and AS19 dose-dependently inhibited muscimol-, 8-OH-DPAT- and AS19-induced SDL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results strongly revealed a cross SDL among 8-OH-DPAT and/or AS19 and muscimol in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Jafari-Sabet
- 1 Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,2 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Nemati
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Torab
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Stenbaek DS, Kristiansen S, Burmester D, Madsen MK, Frokjaer VG, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM. Trait Openness and serotonin 2A receptors in healthy volunteers: A positron emission tomography study. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2117-2124. [PMID: 30633430 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research found lasting increases in personality trait Openness in healthy individuals and patients after administration of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A R) agonist psilocybin. However, no studies have investigated whether 5-HT2A R availability as imaged using positron emission tomography (PET) is associated with this trait. In 159 healthy individuals (53 females), the association between 5-HT2A R binding in neocortex imaged with [18 F]altanserin or [11 C]Cimbi-36 PET and personality trait Openness was investigated using linear regression models. In these models the influence of sex on the association was also investigated. Trait Openness was assessed with the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised. No significant associations between neocortical 5-HT2A R binding and trait Openness were found for [18 F]altanserin (p = 0.5) or [11 C]Cimbi-36 (p = 0.8). Pooling the data in a combined model did not substantially change our results (p = 0.4). No significant interactions with sex were found (p > 0.35). Our results indicate that differences in 5-HT2A R availability are not related to variations in trait Openness in healthy individuals. Although stimulation of the 5-HT2A R with compounds such as psilocybin may contribute to long-term changes in trait Openness, there is no evidence in favor of an association between 5-HT2A R and trait Openness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Siggaard Stenbaek
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Kristiansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Burmester
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Korsbak Madsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe Gedsoe Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick MacDonald Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Lai CH. Fear Network Model in Panic Disorder: The Past and the Future. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:16-26. [PMID: 30176707 PMCID: PMC6354036 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.05.04.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The core concept for pathophysiology in panic disorder (PD) is the fear network model (FNM). The alterations in FNM might be linked with disturbances in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is a common phenomenon in PD. The traditional FNM included the frontal and limbic regions, which were dysregulated in the feedback mechanism for cognitive control of frontal lobe over the primitive response of limbic system. The exaggerated responses of limbic system are also associated with dysregulation in the neurotransmitter system. The neuroimaging studies also corresponded to FNM concept. However, more extended areas of FNM have been discovered in recent imaging studies, such as sensory regions of occipital, parietal cortex and temporal cortex and insula. The insula might integrate the filtered sensory information via thalamus from the visuospatial and other sensory modalities related to occipital, parietal and temporal lobes. In this review article, the traditional and advanced FNM would be discussed. I would also focus on the current evidences of insula, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes in the pathophysiology. In addition, the white matter and functional connectome studies would be reviewed to support the concept of advanced FNM. An emerging dysregulation model of fronto-limbic-insula and temporooccipito-parietal areas might be revealed according to the combined results of recent neuroimaging studies. The future delineation of advanced FNM model can be beneficial from more extensive and advanced studies focusing on the additional sensory regions of occipital, parietal and temporal cortex to confirm the role of advanced FNM in the pathophysiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Lai
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Psychiatry & Neuroscience Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Yeezen General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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14
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Peeters D, Rietdijk J, Gerrits D, Rijpkema M, de Boer SF, Verkes RJ, Homberg JR. Searching for neural and behavioral parameters that predict anti-aggressive effects of chronic SSRI treatment in rats. Neuropharmacology 2018; 143:339-348. [PMID: 30217738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Only a subset of impulsive aggressive patients benefits from selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment, confirming contradictory results about the association between serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and aggression. This shows the need to define behavioral characteristics within this subgroup to move towards individualized pharmacological treatment of impulsive aggression. METHODS Here we submitted an outbred strain of Long Evans rats to a crossover design treatment regimen with the SSRI citalopram, to test its anti-aggressive effect. Behavioral characteristics were baseline aggression, anxiety parameters as measured in the elevated plus maze and open field and cue responsivity as indicated by sign vs. goal tracking behavior. 5-HT1A receptor densities as measured by ex vivo [18F]MPPF binding were determined in the dorsal raphe nucleus, dentate gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, infralimbic cortex and prelimbic cortex, because of the receptors' involvement in the therapeutic delay of SSRIs and aggression. RESULTS We found statistically significant increased variance in aggressive behavior after citalopram treatment. However, none of the selected parameters predicted the citalopram treatment effect. CONCLUSION Since aggression after citalopram treatment decreased in a subgroup of animals and increased in the other, future research should focus on other possible predictors to support treatment strategies in aggressive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Peeters
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jonne Rietdijk
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Danny Gerrits
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Rijpkema
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sietse F de Boer
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert-Jan Verkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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15
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Farde L, Plavén-Sigray P, Borg J, Cervenka S. Brain neuroreceptor density and personality traits: towards dimensional biomarkers for psychiatric disorders. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170156. [PMID: 29483342 PMCID: PMC5832682 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography has, for 30 years, been used in numerous case-control studies searching for hypothesized differences in the density of neuroreceptor or transporter proteins in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. In most cases, the results have not been conclusive. One reason could be the sizeable interindividual variability in biochemical markers, which in twin studies have shown to emanate from both environmental and genetic factors, leading to low statistical power for the detection of group effects. On the other hand, the same interindividual variability has served as an opportunity for correlative studies on the biological underpinning of behaviour. Using this approach, a series of studies has linked markers for the dopamine and serotonin system to personality traits associated with psychiatric conditions. Based on increasing evidence for the view that many psychopathological states represent extremes of a continuum rather than distinct categories, this research strategy may lead to new biological insights about the vulnerability to and pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Precision Medicine and Genomics, AstraZeneca, PET Science Centre, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline Borg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Stenbæk DS, Dam VH, Fisher PM, Hansen N, Hjordt LV, Frokjaer VG. No evidence for a role of the serotonin 4 receptor in five-factor personality traits: A positron emission tomography brain study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184403. [PMID: 28880910 PMCID: PMC5589219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) brain architecture appears to be implicated in normal personality traits as supported by genetic associations and studies using molecular brain imaging. However, so far, no studies have addressed potential contributions to variation in normal personality traits from in vivo serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4R) brain availability, which has recently become possible to image with Positron Emission Tomography (PET). This is particularly relevant since availability of 5-HT4R has been shown to adapt to synaptic levels of 5-HT and thus offers information about serotonergic tone in the healthy brain. In 69 healthy participants (18 females), the associations between personality traits assessed with the five-factor NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) and regional cerebral 5-HT4R binding in neocortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were investigated using linear regression models. The associations between each of the five personality traits and a latent variable construct of global 5-HT4R levels were also evaluated using latent variable structural equation models. We found no significant associations between the five NEO personality traits and regional 5-HT4R binding (all p-values > .17) or the latent construct of global 5-HT4R levels (all p-values > .37). Our findings indicate that NEO personality traits and 5-HT4R are not related in healthy participants. Under the assumption that global 5-HT4R levels index 5-HT tone, our data also suggest that 5-HT tone per se is not directly implicated in normal personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Vibeke Høyrup Dam
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick MacDonald Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liv Vadskjær Hjordt
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe Gedsoe Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Abstract
Previous attempts to identify a unified theory of brain serotonin function have largely failed to achieve consensus. In this present synthesis, we integrate previous perspectives with new and older data to create a novel bipartite model centred on the view that serotonin neurotransmission enhances two distinct adaptive responses to adversity, mediated in large part by its two most prevalent and researched brain receptors: the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors. We propose that passive coping (i.e. tolerating a source of stress) is mediated by postsynaptic 5-HT1AR signalling and characterised by stress moderation. Conversely, we argue that active coping (i.e. actively addressing a source of stress) is mediated by 5-HT2AR signalling and characterised by enhanced plasticity (defined as capacity for change). We propose that 5-HT1AR-mediated stress moderation may be the brain's default response to adversity but that an improved ability to change one's situation and/or relationship to it via 5-HT2AR-mediated plasticity may also be important - and increasingly so as the level of adversity reaches a critical point. We propose that the 5-HT1AR pathway is enhanced by conventional 5-HT reuptake blocking antidepressants such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), whereas the 5-HT2AR pathway is enhanced by 5-HT2AR-agonist psychedelics. This bipartite model purports to explain how different drugs (SSRIs and psychedelics) that modulate the serotonergic system in different ways, can achieve complementary adaptive and potentially therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- RL Carhart-Harris
- Psychedelic Research Group, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - DJ Nutt
- Psychedelic Research Group, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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18
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Guaiana G, Barbui C, Caldwell DM, Davies SJC, Furukawa TA, Imai H, Koesters M, Tajika A, Bighelli I, Pompoli A, Cipriani A. Antidepressants, benzodiazepines and azapirones for panic disorder in adults: a network meta-analysis. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guaiana
- Western University; Department of Psychiatry; Saint Thomas Elgin General Hospital 189 Elm Street St Thomas ON Canada N5R 5C4
| | - Corrado Barbui
- University of Verona; Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry; Verona Italy
| | - Deborah M Caldwell
- University of Bristol; School of Social and Community Medicine; Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road Bristol Avon UK BS8 2PS
| | - Simon JC Davies
- University of Toronto; Geriatric Psychiatry Division, CAMH; 6th Floor, 80 Workman Way Toronto Canada M6J 1H4
| | - Toshi A Furukawa
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health; Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior; Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Japan 606-8501
| | - Hissei Imai
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health; Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior; Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Japan 606-8501
| | - Markus Koesters
- Ulm University; Department of Psychiatry II; Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2 Guenzburg Germany D-89312
| | - Aran Tajika
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health; Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior; Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Japan 606-8501
| | - Irene Bighelli
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Ismaningerstr. 22 Munich Germany
| | - Alessandro Pompoli
- Private practice, no academic affiliations; Le grotte 12 Malcesine Verona Italy 37018
| | - Andrea Cipriani
- University of Oxford; Department of Psychiatry; Warneford Hospital Oxford UK OX3 7JX
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19
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Yokoyama C, Mawatari A, Kawasaki A, Takeda C, Onoe K, Doi H, Newman-Tancredi A, Zimmer L, Onoe H. Marmoset Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptor Mapping with a Biased Agonist PET Probe 18F-F13714: Comparison with an Antagonist Tracer 18F-MPPF in Awake and Anesthetized States. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw079. [PMID: 27608810 PMCID: PMC5203761 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo mapping by positron emission tomography of the serotonin 1A receptors has been hindered by the lack of suitable agonist positron emission tomography probes. 18F-labeled F13714 is a recently developed biased agonist positron emission tomography probe that preferentially targets subpopulations of serotonin 1A receptors in their "active state," but its brain labeling pattern in nonhuman primate has not been described. In addition, a potential confound in the translatability of PET data between nonhuman animal and human arise from the use of anesthetics that may modify the binding profiles of target receptors. METHODS Positron emission tomography scans were conducted in a cohort of common marmosets (n=4) using the serotonin 1A receptor biased agonist radiotracer, 18F-F13714, compared with a well-characterized 18F-labeled antagonist radiotracer, 18F-MPPF. Experiments on each animal were performed under both consciousness and isoflurane-anesthesia conditions. RESULTS 18F-F13714 binding distribution in marmosets by positron emission tomography differs markedly from that of the 18F-MPPF. Whereas 18F-MPPF showed highest binding in hippocampus and amygdala, 18F-F13714 showed highest labeling in other regions, including insular and cingulate cortex, thalamus, raphe, caudate nucleus, and putamen. The binding potential values of 18F-F13714 were about one-third of those observed with 18F-MPPF, with marked individual- and region-specific differences under isoflurane-anesthetized vs conscious conditions. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of investigating the brain imaging of serotonin 1A receptors using agonist probes such as 18F-F13714, which may preferentially target subpopulations of serotonin 1A receptors in specific brain regions of nonhuman primate as a biased agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hirotaka Onoe
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan (Dr Yokoyama, Ms Mawatari, Mr Kawasaki, Ms Takeda, Ms K. Onoe, Dr Doi, Dr H. Onoe); Neurolixis Inc, Dana Point, CA (Dr Newman-Tancredi); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, INSERM, CNRS, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France (Dr Zimmer).
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Lins BR, Pushie JM, Jones M, Howard DL, Howland JG, Hackett MJ. Mapping Alterations to the Endogenous Elemental Distribution within the Lateral Ventricles and Choroid Plexus in Brain Disorders Using X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158152. [PMID: 27351594 PMCID: PMC4924862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus and cerebral ventricles are critical structures for the production of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and play an important role in regulating ion and metal transport in the brain, however many aspects of its roles in normal physiology and disease states, such as psychiatric illness, remain unknown. The choroid plexus is difficult to examine in vivo, and in situ ex vivo, and as such has typically been examined indirectly with radiolabeled tracers or ex vivo stains, making measurements of the endogenous K+, Cl-, and Ca+ distributions unreliable. In the present study, we directly examined the distribution of endogenous ions and biologically relevant transition metals in the choroid plexus and regions surrounding the ventricles (ventricle wall, cortex, corpus callosum, striatum) using X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI). We find that the choroid plexus was rich in Cl- and Fe while K+ levels increase further from the ventricle as Cl- levels decrease, consistent with the known role of ion transporters in the choroid plexus CSF production. A polyI:C offspring displayed enlarged ventricles, elevated Cl- surrounding the ventricles, and intraventricular calcifications. These observations fit with clinical findings in patients with schizophrenia and suggest maternal treatment with polyI:C may lead to dysfunctional ion regulation in offspring. This study demonstrates the power of XFI for examining the endogenous elemental distributions of the ventricular system in healthy brain tissue as well as disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney R. Lins
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jake M. Pushie
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael Jones
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - John G. Howland
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Neuroticism and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors in healthy subjects. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:1-6. [PMID: 26337006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism is a personality trait associated with vulnerability for mood and anxiety disorders. Serotonergic mechanisms likely contribute to neuroticism. Serotonin 5-HT1A receptors are altered in mood and anxiety disorders, but whether 5-HT1A receptors are associated with neuroticism in healthy subjects is unclear. We measured brain serotonin 5-HT1A receptor in 34 healthy subjects in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) and [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY-100635. Binding potential (BPP) was determined using the golden standard of kinetic compartmental modeling using arterial blood samples and radiometabolite determination. Personality traits were assessed using the Karolinska Scales of Personality. We found a strong negative association between serotonin 5-HT1A receptor BPP and neuroticism. That is, individuals with high neuroticism tended to have lower 5-HT1A receptor binding than individuals with low neuroticism. This finding was confirmed with an independent voxel-based whole-brain analysis. Other personality traits did not correlate with 5-HT1A receptor BPP. Previous observations have reported lower serotonin 5-HT1A receptor density in major depression. This neurobiological finding may be a trait-like phenomenon and partly explained by higher neuroticism in patients with affective disorders. The link between personality traits and 5-HT1A receptors should be studied in patients with major depression.
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von Hausswolff-Juhlin Y, Brooks SJ, Larsson M. The neurobiology of eating disorders--a clinical perspective. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 131:244-55. [PMID: 25223374 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a neurobiological basis of eating disorders for clinicians and to enlighten how comparing neurobiology and eating disorders with neurobiology of other psychiatric illnesses can improve treatment protocols. METHOD A selective review on the neurobiology of eating disorders. The article focuses on clinical research on humans with consideration of the anatomical, neural, and molecular basis of eating disorders. RESULTS The neurobiology of people with eating disorders is altered. Many of the neurobiological regions, receptors, and chemical substrates that are affected in other mental illnesses also play an important role in eating disorders. More knowledge about the neurobiological overlap between eating disorders and other psychiatric populations will help when developing treatment protocols not the least regarding that comorbidity is common in patients with EDs. CONCLUSION Knowledge about the underlying neurobiology of eating disorders will improve treatment intervention and will benefit from comparisons with other mental illnesses and their treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y von Hausswolff-Juhlin
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Centre for Eating Disorders, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Yokoyama C, Onoe H. Positron emission tomography imaging of the social brain of common marmosets. Neurosci Res 2015; 93:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Baldinger P, Höflich AS, Mitterhauser M, Hahn A, Rami-Mark C, Spies M, Wadsak W, Lanzenberger R, Kasper S. Effects of Silexan on the serotonin-1A receptor and microstructure of the human brain: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study with molecular and structural neuroimaging. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu063. [PMID: 25522403 PMCID: PMC4360214 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, Silexan, a patented active substance comprised of an essential oil produced from Lavandula angustifolia flowers, has been authorized in Germany as a medicinal product for the treatment of states of restlessness related to anxious mood. Its efficacy has been shown in several forms of anxiety disorders. Findings from preclinical and clinical studies attribute a major role to the serotonin-1A receptor in the pathogenesis and treatment of anxiety. METHODS To elucidate the effect of Silexan on serotonin-1A receptor binding, 17 healthy men underwent 2 positron emission tomography measurements using the radioligand [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY-100635 following the daily intake of 160 mg Silexan or placebo for a minimum of 8 weeks (randomized, double-blind, cross-over design). Additionally, structural magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed to determine potential effects on gray matter microstructure. RESULTS Serotonin-1A receptor binding potential was shown to be significantly reduced following the intake of Silexan compared with placebo in 2 large clusters encompassing the temporal gyrus, the fusiform gyrus and the hippocampus on one hand as well as the insula and anterior cingulate cortex on the other hand. No effects of Silexan on gray matter volume could be detected in this investigation. CONCLUSION This positron emission tomography study proposes an involvement of the serotonin-1A receptor in the anxiolytic effects of Silexan. The study was registered in the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register as ISRCTN30885829 (http://www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn/).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Drs Baldinger, Höflich, Hahn, Spies, Lanzenberger and Kasper), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine (Drs Mitterhauser, Rami-Mark and Wadsak), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Imai H, Tajika A, Chen P, Pompoli A, Guaiana G, Castellazzi M, Bighelli I, Girlanda F, Barbui C, Koesters M, Cipriani A, Furukawa TA. Azapirones versus placebo for panic disorder in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD010828. [PMID: 25268297 PMCID: PMC10590499 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010828.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panic disorder is common in the general population. It is often associated with other psychiatric disorders, such as drug dependence, major depression, bipolar disorder, social phobia, specific phobia and generalised anxiety disorder. Azapirones are a class of drugs used as anxiolytics. They are associated with less drowsiness, psychomotor impairment, alcohol potentiation and potential for addiction or abuse than benzodiazepines. However, azapirones are not widely used in the treatment of panic disorder and evidence for their efficacy is unclear. It is important to find out if azapirones are effective and acceptable in the treatment of panic disorder. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of azapirones on panic disorder in adults, specifically:1. to determine the efficacy of azapirones in alleviating symptoms of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, in comparison with placebo;2. to review the acceptability of azapirones in panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, in comparison with placebo; and3. to investigate adverse effects of azapirones in panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, including general prevalence of adverse effects, compared with placebo. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Depression Anxiety and Neurosis Group Trials Specialised Register (CCDANCTR, search date: 10th January 2014), which includes relevant randomised controlled trials from The Cochrane Library (all years), MEDLINE (1950-), EMBASE (1974-), and PsycINFO (1967-). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials that compared azapirones with placebo for panic disorder in adults. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three review authors independently identified studies, assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. MAIN RESULTS Three studies involving 170 participants compared the azapirone buspirone with placebo. No study provided enough usable information on our primary efficacy outcome (response). For our primary acceptability outcome, moderate-quality evidence indicated that azapirones had lower acceptability than placebo: risk ratio (RR) for dropouts for any reason 2.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11 to 4.07; 3 studies, 170 participants. Evidence for secondary efficacy outcomes were of low quality. Results on efficacy between azapirone and placebo in terms of agoraphobia (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.01, 95% CI -0.56 to 0.53; 1 study, 52 participants), general anxiety (mean difference (MD) -2.20, 95% CI -5.45 to 1.06; 2 studies, 115 participants) and depression (MD -1.80, 95% CI -5.60 to 2.00; 1 study, 52 participants) were uncertain. None of the studies provided information for the assessment of allocation concealment or sequence generation. Conflicts of interest were not explicitly expressed. The risk of attrition bias was rated high for all three studies. Information on adverse effects other than dropouts for any reason was insufficient to include in the analyses. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of azapirones is uncertain due to the lack of meta-analysable data for the primary outcome and low-quality evidence for secondary efficacy outcomes. A small amount of moderate-quality evidence suggested that the acceptability of azapirones for panic disorder was lower than for placebo. However, only trials of one azapirone (namely buspirone) were included in this review; this, combined with the small sample size, limits our conclusions. If further research is to be conducted, studies with larger sample sizes, with different azapirones and with less risk of bias are necessary to draw firm conclusions regarding azapirones for panic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hissei Imai
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine / School of Public HealthDepartment of Field MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Aran Tajika
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine / School of Public HealthDepartment of Health Promotion and Human BehaviorYoshida Konoe‐cho, Sakyo‐ku,KyotoJapan606‐8501
| | - Peiyao Chen
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine / School of Public HealthDepartment of Health Promotion and Human BehaviorYoshida Konoe‐cho, Sakyo‐ku,KyotoJapan606‐8501
| | - Alessandro Pompoli
- University of VeronaDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of PsychiatryPoliclinico G.B. RossiPiazzale L.A. Scuro 10VeronaItaly37134
| | - Giuseppe Guaiana
- Western UniversityDepartment of PsychiatrySaint Thomas Elgin General Hospital189 Elm StreetSt ThomasONCanadaN5R 5C4
| | - Mariasole Castellazzi
- University of VeronaDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of PsychiatryPoliclinico G.B. RossiPiazzale L.A. Scuro 10VeronaItaly37134
| | - Irene Bighelli
- University of VeronaDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of PsychiatryPoliclinico G.B. RossiPiazzale L.A. Scuro 10VeronaItaly37134
| | - Francesca Girlanda
- University of VeronaDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of PsychiatryPoliclinico G.B. RossiPiazzale L.A. Scuro 10VeronaItaly37134
| | - Corrado Barbui
- University of VeronaDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of PsychiatryPoliclinico G.B. RossiPiazzale L.A. Scuro 10VeronaItaly37134
| | - Markus Koesters
- Ulm UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry IILudwig‐Heilmeyer‐Str. 2GuenzburgGermanyD‐89312
| | - Andrea Cipriani
- University of OxfordDepartment of PsychiatryWarneford HospitalOxfordUKOX3 7JX
| | - Toshi A Furukawa
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine / School of Public HealthDepartment of Health Promotion and Human BehaviorYoshida Konoe‐cho, Sakyo‐ku,KyotoJapan606‐8501
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Stephens EK, Avesar D, Gulledge AT. Activity-dependent serotonergic excitation of callosal projection neurons in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Front Neural Circuits 2014; 8:97. [PMID: 25206322 PMCID: PMC4144257 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5PNs) in the mouse prefrontal cortex respond to serotonin (5-HT) according to their long-distance axonal projections; 5-HT1A (1A) receptors mediate inhibitory responses in corticopontine (CPn) L5PNs, while 5-HT2A (2A) receptors can enhance action potential (AP) output in callosal/commissural (COM) L5PNs, either directly (in “COM-excited” neurons), or following brief 1A-mediated inhibition (in “COM-biphasic” neurons). Here we compare the impact of 5-HT on the excitability of CPn and COM L5PNs experiencing variable excitatory drive produced by current injection (DC current or simulated synaptic current) or with exogenous glutamate. 5-HT delivered at resting membrane potentials, or paired with subthreshold depolarizing input, hyperpolarized CPn and COM-biphasic L5PNs and failed to promote AP generation in COM-excited L5PNs. Conversely, when paired with suprathreshold excitatory drive generating multiple APs, 5-HT suppressed AP output in CPn L5PNs, enhanced AP generation in COM-excited L5PNs, and generated variable responses in COM-biphasic L5PNs. While COM-excited neurons failed to respond to 5-HT in the presence of a 2A receptor antagonist, 32% of CPn neurons exhibited 2A-dependent excitation following blockade of 1A receptors. The presence of pharmacologically revealed 2A receptors in CPn L5PNs was correlated with the duration of 1A-mediated inhibition, yet biphasic excitatory responses to 5-HT were never observed, even when 5-HT was paired with strong excitatory drive. Our results suggest that 2A receptors selectively amplify the output of COM L5PNs experiencing suprathreshold excitatory drive, while shaping the duration of 1A-mediated inhibition in a subset of CPn L5PNs. Activity-dependent serotonergic excitation of COM L5PNs, combined with 1A-mediated inhibition of CPn and COM-biphasic L5PNs, may facilitate executive function by focusing network activity within cortical circuits subserving the most appropriate behavioral output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Stephens
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon, NH, USA ; Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth College Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Daniel Avesar
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon, NH, USA ; Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth College Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Allan T Gulledge
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon, NH, USA ; Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth College Hanover, NH, USA
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Bader LR, Carboni JD, Burleson CA, Cooper MA. 5-HT1A receptor activation reduces fear-related behavior following social defeat in Syrian hamsters. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 122:182-90. [PMID: 24726709 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Social defeat leads to selective avoidance of familiar opponents as well as general avoidance of novel, non-threatening intruders. Avoidance of familiar opponents represents a fear-related memory whereas generalized social avoidance indicates anxiety-like behavior. We have previously shown that serotonin signaling alters responses to social defeat in Syrian hamsters, although it is unclear whether serotonin modulates defeat-induced fear, anxiety, or both. In this study we focus on 5-HT1A receptors, in part, because their activation had been linked to the acquisition of conditioned fear. We hypothesized that pharmacological activation of 5-HT1A receptors prior to social defeat would reduce avoidance of familiar opponents and impair Arc expression in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), but not alter anxiety-like behavior. We administered 8-OH-DPAT, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, prior to 3, 5-minute social defeats and 24h later exposed hamsters to a social interaction test to measure the conditioned defeat response immediately followed by either a Y-maze test or an open field test. In a separate experiment, we administered 8-OH-DPAT prior to 3, 5-minute social defeats and later removed the brains for Arc immunohistochemistry. Social defeat increased the number of Arc immunopositive cells in the central amygdala (CeA), prelimbic cortex (PL), and BLA, and 8-OH-DPAT treatment reduced Arc immunoreactivity in the PL. These results suggest that 5-HT1A receptor activation impairs the fear memory associated with social defeat, but does not alter defeat-induced anxiety. Overall, 5-HT1A receptor activation may impair Arc expression in select brain regions such as the PL and thereby disrupt the development of a fear memory essential for the conditioned defeat response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Bader
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Joseph D Carboni
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Cody A Burleson
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Michopoulos V, Diaz MP, Embree M, Reding K, Votaw JR, Mun J, Voll RJ, Goodman MM, Wilson M, Sanchez M, Toufexis D. Oestradiol alters central 5-HT1A receptor binding potential differences related to psychosocial stress but not differences related to 5-HTTLPR genotype in female rhesus monkeys. J Neuroendocrinol 2014; 26:80-8. [PMID: 24382202 PMCID: PMC3962807 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Social subordination in female macaques represents a well-described model of chronic psychosocial stress. Additionally, a length polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in the regulatory region of the serotonin (5-HT) transporter (5-HTT) gene (SLC6A4) is present in rhesus macaques, which has been linked to adverse outcomes similar to that described in humans with an analogous 5-HTTLPR polymorphism. The present study determined the effects of social status and the 5-HTTLPR genotype on 5-HT1A receptor binding potential (5-HT1A BP(ND)) in brain regions implicated in emotional regulation and stress reactivity in ovariectomised female monkeys, and then assessed how these effects were altered by 17β-oestradiol (E(2)) treatment. Areas analysed included the prefrontal cortex [anterior cingulate (ACC); medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC); dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex], amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus and raphe nucleui. Positron emission tomography using p-[(18) F]MPPF was performed to determine the levels of 5-HT1A BP(ND) under a non-E(2) and a 3-week E(2) treatment condition. The short variant (s-variant) 5-HTTLPR genotype produced a significant reduction in 5-HT1A BP(ND) in the mPFC regardless of social status, and subordinate s-variant females showed a reduction in 5-HT1A BP(ND) within the ACC. Both these effects of 5-HTTLPR were unaffected by E(2). Additionally, E(2) reduced 5-HT1A BP(ND) in the dorsal raphe of all females irrespective of psychosocial stress or 5-HTTLPR genotype. Hippocampal 5-HT1A BP(ND) was attenuated in subordinate females regardless of 5-HTTLPR genotype during the non-E(2) condition, an effect that was normalised with E(2). Similarly, 5-HT1A BP(ND) in the hypothalamus was significantly lower in subordinate females regardless of 5-HTTLPR genotype, an effect reversed with E(2). Taken together, the data indicate that the effect of E(2) on modulation of central 5HT1A BP(ND) may only occur in brain regions that show no 5-HTTLPR genotype-linked control of 5-HT1A binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Emory University SOM, Atlanta, GA
| | - Maylen Perez Diaz
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Molly Embree
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kathy Reding
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - John R. Votaw
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Imaging Core, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jiyoung Mun
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Imaging Core, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ronald J. Voll
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Imaging Core, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark M. Goodman
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Imaging Core, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark Wilson
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mar Sanchez
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Emory University SOM, Atlanta, GA
| | - Donna Toufexis
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington VT
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Koelsch S, Skouras S, Jentschke S. Neural correlates of emotional personality: a structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77196. [PMID: 24312166 PMCID: PMC3842312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies addressing brain correlates of emotional personality have remained sparse, despite the involvement of emotional personality in health and well-being. This study investigates structural and functional brain correlates of psychological and physiological measures related to emotional personality. Psychological measures included neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness scores, as assessed using a standard personality questionnaire. As a physiological measure we used a cardiac amplitude signature, the so-called E κ value (computed from the electrocardiogram) which has previously been related to tender emotionality. Questionnaire scores and E κ values were related to both functional (eigenvector centrality mapping, ECM) and structural (voxel-based morphometry, VBM) neuroimaging data. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were obtained from 22 individuals (12 females) while listening to music (joy, fear, or neutral music). ECM results showed that agreeableness scores correlated with centrality values in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens). Individuals with higher E κ values (indexing higher tender emotionality) showed higher centrality values in the subiculum of the right hippocampal formation. Structural MRI data from an independent sample of 59 individuals (34 females) showed that neuroticism scores correlated with volume of the left amygdaloid complex. In addition, individuals with higher E κ showed larger gray matter volume in the same portion of the subiculum in which individuals with higher E κ showed higher centrality values. Our results highlight a role of the amygdala in neuroticism. Moreover, they indicate that a cardiac signature related to emotionality (E κ) correlates with both function (increased network centrality) and structure (grey matter volume) of the subiculum of the hippocampal formation, suggesting a role of the hippocampal formation for emotional personality. Results are the first to show personality-related differences using eigenvector centrality mapping, and the first to show structural brain differences for a physiological measure associated with personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koelsch
- Department of Psychology & Cluster Languages of Emotion, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Stavros Skouras
- Department of Psychology & Cluster Languages of Emotion, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jentschke
- Department of Psychology & Cluster Languages of Emotion, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
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Serotonin 5-HT1A receptors as targets for agents to treat psychiatric disorders: rationale and current status of research. CNS Drugs 2013; 27:703-16. [PMID: 23757185 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-013-0071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders represent a large economic burden in modern societies. However, pharmacological treatments are still far from optimal. Drugs used in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders (selective serotonin [5-HT] reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs] and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors [SNRIs]) are pharmacological refinements of first-generation tricyclic drugs, discovered by serendipity, and show low efficacy and slowness of onset. Moreover, antipsychotic drugs are partly effective in positive symptoms of schizophrenia, yet they poorly treat negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. The present article reviews the neurobiological basis of 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1A-R) function and the role of pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT1A-Rs in the treatment of MDD, anxiety and psychotic disorders. The activation of postsynaptic 5-HT1A-Rs in corticolimbic areas appears beneficial for the therapeutic action of antidepressant drugs. However, presynaptic 5-HT1A-Rs play a detrimental role in MDD, since individuals with high density or function of presynaptic 5-HT1A-Rs are more susceptible to mood disorders and suicide, and respond poorly to antidepressant drugs. Moreover, the indirect activation of presynaptic 5-HT1A-Rs by SSRIs/SNRIs reduces 5-HT neuron activity and terminal 5-HT release, thus opposing the elevation of extracellular 5-HT produced by blockade of the serotonin transporter (SERT) in the forebrain. Chronic antidepressant treatment desensitizes presynaptic 5-HT1A-Rs, thus reducing the effectiveness of the 5-HT1A autoreceptor-mediated negative feedback. The prevention of this process by the non-selective partial agonist pindolol accelerates clinical antidepressant effects. Two new antidepressant drugs, vilazodone (marketed in the USA) and vortioxetine (in development) incorporate partial 5-HT1A-R agonist properties with SERT blockade. Several studies with transgenic mice have also established the respective role of pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT1A-Rs in MDD and anxiety. In agreement with pharmacological studies, presynaptic and postsynaptic 5-HT1A-R activation appears necessary for anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, respectively, yet, neurodevelopmental roles for 5-HT1A-Rs are also involved. Likewise, the use of small interference RNA has enabled the showing of robust antidepressant-like effects in mice after selective knock-down of 5-HT1A autoreceptors. Postsynaptic 5-HT1A-Rs in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) also appear important for the superior clinical effects of clozapine and other second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Despite showing a moderate in vitro affinity for 5-HT1A-Rs in binding assays, clozapine displays functional agonist properties at this receptor type in vivo. The stimulation of 5-HT1A-Rs in the PFC leads to the distal activation of the mesocortical pathway and to an increased dopamine release in PFC, an effect likely involved in the clinical actions of clozapine in negative symptoms and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The anxiolytic/antidepressant properties of 5-HT1A-R agonists in preclinical tests raised expectations enormously. However, these agents have achieved little clinical success, possibly due to their partial agonist character at postsynaptic 5-HT1A-Rs, together with full agonist properties at presynaptic 5-HT1A autoreceptors, as well as their gastrointestinal side effects. The partial 5-HT1A-R agonists buspirone, gepirone, and tandospirone are marketed as anxiolytic drugs, and buspirone is also used as an augmentation strategy in MDD. The development of new 5-HT1A-R agonists with selectivity for postsynaptic 5-HT1A-Rs may open new perspectives in the field.
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Fuss J, Vogt MA, Weber KJ, Burke TF, Gass P, Hensler JG. Hippocampal serotonin-1A receptor function in a mouse model of anxiety induced by long-term voluntary wheel running. Synapse 2013; 67:648-55. [PMID: 23505009 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that, in C57/Bl6 mice, long-term voluntary wheel running is anxiogenic, and focal hippocampal irradiation prevents the increase in anxiety-like behaviors and neurobiological changes in the hippocampus induced by wheel running. Evidence supports a role of hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors in anxiety. Therefore, we investigated hippocampal binding and function of 5-HT1A receptors in this mouse model of anxiety. Four weeks of voluntary wheel running resulted in hippocampal subregion-specific changes in 5-HT1A receptor binding sites and function, as measured by autoradiography of [(3) H] 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin binding and agonist-stimulated binding of [(35) S]GTPγS to G proteins, respectively. In the dorsal CA1 region, 5-HT1A receptor binding and function were not altered by wheel running or irradiation. In the dorsal dentate gyrus and CA2/3 region, 5-HT1A receptor function was decreased by not only running but also irradiation. In the ventral pyramidal layer, wheel running resulted in a decrease of 5-HT1A receptor function, which was prevented by irradiation. Neither irradiation nor wheel running affected 5-HT1A receptors in medial prefrontal cortex or in the dorsal or median raphe nuclei. Our data indicate that downregulation of 5-HT1A receptor function in ventral pyramidal layer may play a role in anxiety-like behavior induced by wheel running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fuss
- RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Miriam A Vogt
- RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Klaus-Josef Weber
- Department of Radiooncology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa F Burke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center-San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States
| | - Peter Gass
- RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julie G Hensler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center-San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States
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The biological and psychological basis of neuroticism: Current status and future directions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:59-72. [PMID: 23068306 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lai CH, Wu YT. Patterns of fractional amplitude of low-frequency oscillations in occipito-striato-thalamic regions of first-episode drug-naïve panic disorder. J Affect Disord 2012; 142:180-5. [PMID: 22770722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate patterns of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF, an indicator for the intensity of regional brain spontaneous activities) of patients with first-episode drug-naïve panic disorder (PD). METHODS Thirty patients (17 females, 13 males, age: 47.70±10.69 years old) and twenty healthy controls (10 females, 10 males, age: 41.40±13.94 years old) received 3-Tesla resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RFMRI) scanning and the rating of clinical scales. RFMRI data was processed and analyzed by the REST toolbox (resting-state functional MRI data analysis toolbox) to calculate fALFF. fALFF were compared between patients and controls to detect endophenotype of fALFF in patients with first-episode drug-naïve PD. RESULTS We found decreased fALFF in right middle occipital gyrus [FDR (false discovery rate) corrected p<0.05, cluster >5 voxles, volume >135mm(3), T threshold: 6.1168, surface connected theory] and increased fALFF in right putamen and right ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus of patients (uncorrected p<0.00005, cluster >5 voxles, volume >135mm(3), T threshold: 4.5439, surface connected theory). fALFF of patients also showed a positive correlation with clinical rating scores of PD in right cuneus. CONCLUSIONS Occipito-striato-thalamic dysfunction of fALFF might represent a kind of endophenotype biomarker of first-episode drug-naïve PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Lai
- Division of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.
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Jylhä P, Ketokivi M, Mantere O, Melartin T, Holma M, Rytsälä H, Isometsä E. Do antidepressants change personality?--a five-year observational study. J Affect Disord 2012; 142:200-7. [PMID: 22842025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether antidepressants influence personality is a major clinical and societal issue due to their widespread use. In an observational study, we investigated whether depressive patients' neuroticism and extraversion scores covary with antidepressant pharmacotherapy, and if so, whether this remains significant after accounting for depressive or anxiety symptoms. METHODS Major depressive disorder patients (N=237) were interviewed at up to four time-points in a five-year prospective longitudinal study. Changes in neuroticism plus extraversion scores were compared with changes in antidepressant pharmacotherapies and depressive plus anxiety symptoms to uncover any covariation between them. Autoregressive path models were used to examine this covariation at the sample level. Within-subject change was estimated using a random-effects latent change model. RESULTS Significant covariation is present in the change trajectories between personality scores and depressive symptoms; declining depression scores were associated with rising extraversion and declining neuroticism. Although the personality scores of many patients changed significantly over the five-year study, none of these changes were associated with changes in antidepressant pharmacotherapy. LIMITATIONS The study covered only two dimensions of personality. Single drug-specific analysis could not be done. Antidepressant blood levels were not measured. CONCLUSION No evidence emerged for significant covariation of antidepressant pharmacotherapy with neuroticism or extraversion scores. By contrast, changes in both personality dimensions were associated with changes in depressive symptoms, those in neuroticism also in anxiety symptoms. If antidepressants influence these personality dimensions, the effect size is likely markedly smaller than that of the disorders for which they are prescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Jylhä
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Albert PR. Transcriptional regulation of the 5-HT1A receptor: implications for mental illness. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 367:2402-15. [PMID: 22826341 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin-1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor is an abundant post-synaptic 5-HT receptor (heteroreceptor) implicated in regulation of mood, emotion and stress responses and is the major somatodendritic autoreceptor that negatively regulates 5-HT neuronal activity. Based on animal models, an integrated model for opposing roles of pre- and post-synaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors in anxiety and depression phenotypes and response to antidepressants is proposed. Understanding differential transcriptional regulation of pre- versus post-synaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors could provide better tools for their selective regulation. This review examines the transcription factors that regulate brain region-specific basal and stress-induced expression of the 5-HT(1A) receptor gene (Htr1a). A functional polymorphism, rs6295 in the Htr1a promoter region, blocks the function of specific repressors Hes1, Hes5 and Deaf1, resulting in increased 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor expression in animal models and humans. Its association with altered 5-HT(1A) expression, depression, anxiety and antidepressant response are related to genotype frequency in different populations, sample homogeneity, disease outcome measures and severity. Preliminary evidence from gene × environment studies suggests the potential for synergistic interaction of stress-mediated repression of 5-HT(1A) heteroreceptors, and rs6295-induced upregulation of 5-HT(1A) autoreceptors. Targeted therapeutics to inhibit 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor expression and induce 5-HT(1A) heteroreceptor expression may ameliorate treatment of anxiety and major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa, , 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada , K1H 8M5.
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Frank GK, Kaye WH. Current status of functional imaging in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2012; 45:723-36. [PMID: 22532388 PMCID: PMC3872533 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Eating Disorders are complex psychiatric problems that involve biologic and psychological factors. Brain imaging studies provide insights about how functionally connected brain networks may contribute to disturbed eating behavior, resulting in food refusal and altered body weight, but also body preoccupations and heightened anxiety. In this article, we review the current state of brain imaging in eating disorders, and how such techniques may help identify pathways that could be important in the treatment of those often detrimental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido K.W. Frank
- University of Colorado Denver, Departments of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Aurora CO
| | - Walter H. Kaye
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla CA
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Yokoyama C, Kawasaki A, Hayashi T, Onoe H. Linkage between the midline cortical serotonergic system and social behavior traits: positron emission tomography studies of common marmosets. Cereb Cortex 2012; 23:2136-45. [PMID: 22791806 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is known to play an important role not only in regulating emotional behaviors, but also in the formation of social behavior traits. To determine the location and serotonin function of brain areas involved in social behavior traits, we tested serotonin transporter (SERT) binding and neural activity linked with the social behaviors of common marmosets with positron emission tomography using [(11)C]-3-amino-4-(2-dimetylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile and [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose, respectively. Factor analysis of behavioral measures during a direct encounter between unfamiliar adult males identified three classes of social behavioral traits: (1) aggressive, (2) anxious, and (3) unfriendly (opposite of friendly). Voxel-based analysis revealed a significant association between SERT binding with the social behavioral traits in the midline cortical subregions. Aggressive and friendly traits are localized to the posterior cingulate cortex, and the anxious trait is localized to the anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, neural activity and functional connectivity of the posterior and anterior cingulate cortices appear to be altered depending on the social situation. These results suggest that the midline cortical serotonergic system is crucial in social behavior traits and its subregions are functionally segregated in socio-emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yokoyama
- Functional Probe Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
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Abstract
The early developments of brain positron emission tomography (PET), including the methodological advances that have driven progress, are outlined. The considerable past achievements of brain PET have been summarized in collaboration with contributing experts in specific clinical applications including cerebrovascular disease, movement disorders, dementia, epilepsy, schizophrenia, addiction, depression and anxiety, brain tumors, drug development, and the normal healthy brain. Despite a history of improving methodology and considerable achievements, brain PET research activity is not growing and appears to have diminished. Assessments of the reasons for decline are presented and strategies proposed for reinvigorating brain PET research. Central to this is widening the access to advanced PET procedures through the introduction of lower cost cyclotron and radiochemistry technologies. The support and expertize of the existing major PET centers, and the recruitment of new biologists, bio-mathematicians and chemists to the field would be important for such a revival. New future applications need to be identified, the scope of targets imaged broadened, and the developed expertize exploited in other areas of medical research. Such reinvigoration of the field would enable PET to continue making significant contributions to advance the understanding of the normal and diseased brain and support the development of advanced treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Jones
- PET Research Advisory Company, 8 Prestbury Road, Wilmslow, Cheshire SK9 2LJ, UK.
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Tang W, Lu J, Ungvari GS, Wong K, Kwan P. Anxiety symptoms in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy versus generalized epilepsy. Seizure 2012; 21:457-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Hart H, Rubia K. Neuroimaging of child abuse: a critical review. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:52. [PMID: 22457645 PMCID: PMC3307045 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is a stressor that can lead to the development of behavior problems and affect brain structure and function. This review summarizes the current evidence for the effects of childhood maltreatment on behavior, cognition and the brain in adults and children. Neuropsychological studies suggest an association between child abuse and deficits in IQ, memory, working memory, attention, response inhibition and emotion discrimination. Structural neuroimaging studies provide evidence for deficits in brain volume, gray and white matter of several regions, most prominently the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex but also hippocampus, amygdala, and corpus callosum (CC). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies show evidence for deficits in structural interregional connectivity between these areas, suggesting neural network abnormalities. Functional imaging studies support this evidence by reporting atypical activation in the same brain regions during response inhibition, working memory, and emotion processing. There are, however, several limitations of the abuse research literature which are discussed, most prominently the lack of control for co-morbid psychiatric disorders, which make it difficult to disentangle which of the above effects are due to maltreatment, the associated psychiatric conditions or a combination or interaction between both. Overall, the better controlled studies that show a direct correlation between childhood abuse and brain measures suggest that the most prominent deficits associated with early childhood abuse are in the function and structure of lateral and ventromedial fronto-limbic brain areas and networks that mediate behavioral and affect control. Future, large scale multimodal neuroimaging studies in medication-naïve subjects, however, are needed that control for psychiatric co-morbidities in order to elucidate the structural and functional brain sequelae that are associated with early environmental adversity, independently of secondary co-morbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heledd Hart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's CollegeLondon, UK
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Miskovic V, Schmidt LA. Social fearfulness in the human brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:459-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Fisher PM, Price JC, Meltzer CC, Moses-Kolko EL, Becker C, Berga SL, Hariri AR. Medial prefrontal cortex serotonin 1A and 2A receptor binding interacts to predict threat-related amygdala reactivity. BIOLOGY OF MOOD & ANXIETY DISORDERS 2011; 1:2. [PMID: 22738071 PMCID: PMC3377121 DOI: 10.1186/2045-5380-1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) comprise a key corticolimbic circuit that helps shape individual differences in sensitivity to threat and the related risk for psychopathology. Although serotonin (5-HT) is known to be a key modulator of this circuit, the specific receptors mediating this modulation are unclear. The colocalization of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors on mPFC glutamatergic neurons suggests that their functional interactions may mediate 5-HT effects on this circuit through top-down regulation of amygdala reactivity. Using a multimodal neuroimaging strategy in 39 healthy volunteers, we determined whether threat-related amygdala reactivity, assessed with blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging, was significantly predicted by the interaction between mPFC 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor levels, assessed by positron emission tomography. RESULTS 5-HT1A binding in the mPFC significantly moderated an inverse correlation between mPFC 5-HT2A binding and threat-related amygdala reactivity. Specifically, mPFC 5-HT2A binding was significantly inversely correlated with amygdala reactivity only when mPFC 5-HT1A binding was relatively low. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors interact to shape serotonergic modulation of a functional circuit between the amygdala and mPFC. The effect of the interaction between mPFC 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A binding and amygdala reactivity is consistent with the colocalization of these receptors on glutamatergic neurons in the mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Fisher
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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A role for 5-HT1A receptors in the basolateral amygdala in the development of conditioned defeat in Syrian hamsters. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 100:592-600. [PMID: 21967885 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) is a key brain region regulating behavioral changes following stressful events, including social defeat. Previous research has shown that activation of serotonin (5-HT) 1A receptors in the BLA reduces conditioned fear and anxiety-like behavior. The objective of this study was to test whether 5-HT1A receptors in the BLA contribute to conditioned defeat in male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). We tested whether injection of the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist flesinoxan (400 ng, 800 ng, or 1200 ng in 200 nl saline) into the BLA prior to social defeat would reduce the acquisition of conditioned defeat, and whether a similar injection prior to testing would reduce the expression of conditioned defeat. We also tested whether injection of the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 (400 ng or 1600 ng in 200 nl saline) into the BLA prior to social defeat would enhance the acquisition of conditioned defeat, and whether a similar injection prior to testing would enhance the expression of conditioned defeat. We found that injection of flesinoxan into the BLA decreased both the acquisition and expression of conditioned defeat. However, injection of WAY-100635 into the BLA did not alter the acquisition or expression of conditioned defeat. These data indicate that pharmacological activation of 5-HT1A receptors in the BLA is sufficient to impair the acquisition and expression of conditioned defeat. Our results suggest that pharmacological treatments that activate 5-HT1A receptors in the BLA are capable of reducing the development of stress-induced changes in behavior.
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Bailer UF, Bloss CS, Frank GK, Price JC, Meltzer CC, Mathis CA, Geyer MA, Wagner A, Becker CR, Schork NJ, Kaye WH. 5-HT₁A receptor binding is increased after recovery from bulimia nervosa compared to control women and is associated with behavioral inhibition in both groups. Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:477-87. [PMID: 20872754 PMCID: PMC4286242 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because altered serotonin (5-HT) function appears to persist after recovery from bulimia nervosa (RBN), we investigated the 5-HT(1A) receptor, which could contribute to regulation of appetite, mood, impulse control, or the response to antidepressants. METHOD Thirteen RBN individuals were compared to 21 healthy control women (CW) using positron emission tomography and [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY100635 ([(11)C]WAY). RESULTS RBN had a 23-34% elevation of [(11)C]WAY binding potential (BP)(P) in subgenual cingulate, mesial temporal, and parietal regions after adjustments for multiple comparisons. For CW, [(11)C]WAY BP(P) was related negatively to novelty seeking, whereas for RBN, [(11)C]WAY BP(P) was related positively to harm avoidance and negatively related to sensation seeking. DISCUSSION Alterations of 5-HT(1A) receptor function may provide new insight into efficacy of 5-HT medication in BN, as well as symptoms such as the ability to inhibit or self-control the expression of behaviors related to stimulus seeking, aggression, and impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula F. Bailer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cinnamon S. Bloss
- Scripps Genomic Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute (STSI), and Scripps Health, La Jolla, California
| | - Guido K. Frank
- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Department of Psychiatry, The Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julie C. Price
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carolyn C. Meltzer
- Emory School of Medicine, Departments of Radiology, Neurology, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, and Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chester A. Mathis
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark A. Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Angela Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Carl R. Becker
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicholas J. Schork
- Scripps Genomic Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute (STSI), and Scripps Health, La Jolla, California
| | - Walter H. Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,Correspondence to: Walter H. Kaye, MD, UCSD Department of Psychiatry University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive, Suite C - 207, La Jolla, California 92037.
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Lambe EK, Fillman SG, Webster MJ, Shannon Weickert C. Serotonin receptor expression in human prefrontal cortex: balancing excitation and inhibition across postnatal development. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22799. [PMID: 21829518 PMCID: PMC3146513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin and its receptors (HTRs) play critical roles in brain development and in the regulation of cognition, mood, and anxiety. HTRs are highly expressed in human prefrontal cortex and exert control over prefrontal excitability. The serotonin system is a key treatment target for several psychiatric disorders; however, the effectiveness of these drugs varies according to age. Despite strong evidence for developmental changes in prefrontal Htrs of rodents, the developmental regulation of HTR expression in human prefrontal cortex has not been examined. Using postmortem human prefrontal brain tissue from across postnatal life, we investigated the expression of key serotonin receptors with distinct inhibitory (HTR1A, HTR5A) and excitatory (HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR4, HTR6) effects on cortical neurons, including two receptors which appear to be expressed to a greater degree in inhibitory interneurons of cerebral cortex (HTR2C, HTR6). We found distinct developmental patterns of expression for each of these six HTRs, with profound changes in expression occurring early in postnatal development and also into adulthood. However, a collective look at these HTRs in terms of their likely neurophysiological effects and major cellular localization leads to a model that suggests developmental changes in expression of these individual HTRs may not perturb an overall balance between inhibitory and excitatory effects. Examining and understanding the healthy balance is critical to appreciate how abnormal expression of an individual HTR may create a window of vulnerability for the emergence of psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn K Lambe
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Albert PR, Le François B, Millar AM. Transcriptional dysregulation of 5-HT1A autoreceptors in mental illness. Mol Brain 2011; 4:21. [PMID: 21619616 PMCID: PMC3130656 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-4-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor is among the most abundant and widely distributed 5-HT receptors in the brain, but is also expressed on serotonin neurons as an autoreceptor where it plays a critical role in regulating the activity of the entire serotonin system. Over-expression of the 5-HT1A autoreceptor has been implicated in reducing serotonergic neurotransmission, and is associated with major depression and suicide. Extensive characterization of the transcriptional regulation of the 5-HT1A gene (HTR1A) using cell culture systems has revealed a GC-rich "housekeeping" promoter that non-selectively drives its expression; this is flanked by a series of upstream repressor elements for REST, Freud-1/CC2D1A and Freud-2/CC2D1B factors that not only restrict its expression to neurons, but may also regulate the level of expression of 5-HT1A receptors in various subsets of neurons, including serotonergic neurons. A separate set of allele-specific factors, including Deaf1, Hes1 and Hes5 repress at the HTR1A C(-1019)G (rs6295) polymorphism in serotonergic neurons in culture, as well as in vivo. Pet1, an obligatory enhancer for serotonergic differentiation, has been identified as a potent activator of 5-HT1A autoreceptor expression. Taken together, these results highlight an integrated regulation of 5-HT1A autoreceptors that differs in several aspects from regulation of post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptors, and could be selectively targeted to enhance serotonergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Kim YR, Lim SJ, Treasure J. Different Patterns of Emotional Eating and Visuospatial Deficits Whereas Shared Risk Factors Related with Social Support between Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Psychiatry Investig 2011; 8:9-14. [PMID: 21519531 PMCID: PMC3079192 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2011.8.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although it is thought that eating disorders result from the interplay of personal and sociocultural factors, a comprehensive model of eating disorders remains to be established. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the childhood factors and deficit in visuoperceptual ability contribute to eating disorders. METHODS A total of 76 participants - 22 women with anorexia nervosa (AN), 28 women with bulimia nervosa (BN), and 26 healthy women of comparable age, IQ, and years of education - were examined. Neuropsychological tasks were applied to measure the visuoperceptual deficits, viz. the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test and the group embedded figures test (GEFT). A questionnaire designed to obtain retrospective assessments of the childhood risk factors was administered to the participants. RESULTS The women with both AN and BN were less likely to report having supportive figures in their childhood and poor copy accuracy in the Rey-Osterrieth test. The women with AN were more likely to report premorbid anxiety, childhood emotional undereating and showed poor performances in the GEFT. In the final model, the factors independently contributing to the case status were less social support in childhood as a common factor for both AN and BN, and childhood emotional undereating and poor ability in the low-level visuospatial processing for AN. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the disturbance in the food-emotion relationship and the deficit in low-level visuospatial processing in people with AN. Lower social support appears to contribute to an increase in vulnerability to both AN and BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youl-Ri Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Lim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Academic Psychiatry, Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas's Medical School & Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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Albert PR, François BL. Modifying 5-HT1A Receptor Gene Expression as a New Target for Antidepressant Therapy. Front Neurosci 2010; 4:35. [PMID: 20661455 PMCID: PMC2907233 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2010.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is the most common form of mental illness, and is treated with antidepressant compounds that increase serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission. Increased 5-HT1A autoreceptor levels in the raphe nuclei act as a “brake” to inhibit the 5-HT system, leading to depression and resistance to antidepressants. Several 5-HT1A receptor agonists (buspirone, flesinoxan, ipsapirone) that preferentially desensitize 5-HT1A autoreceptors have been tested for augmentation of antidepressant drugs with mixed results. One explanation could be the presence of the C(−1019)G 5-HT1A promoter polymorphism that prevents gene repression of the 5-HT1A autoreceptor. Furthermore, down-regulation of 5-HT1A autoreceptor expression, not simply desensitization of receptor signaling, appears to be required to enhance and accelerate antidepressant action. The current review focuses on the transcriptional regulators of 5-HT1A autoreceptor expression, their roles in permitting response to 5-HT1A-targeted treatments and their potential as targets for new antidepressant compounds for treatment-resistant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Albert
- Department of Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Proulx É, Young EJ, Osborne LR, Lambe EK. Enhanced prefrontal serotonin 5-HT(1A) currents in a mouse model of Williams-Beuren syndrome with low innate anxiety. J Neurodev Disord 2010; 2:99-108. [PMID: 20585377 PMCID: PMC2882561 DOI: 10.1007/s11689-010-9044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the hemizygous deletion of 28 genes on chromosome 7, including the general transcription factor GTF2IRD1. Mice either hemizygously (Gtf2ird1(+/-)) or homozygously (Gtf2ird1(-/-)) deleted for this transcription factor exhibit low innate anxiety, low aggression and increased social interaction, a phenotype that shares similarities to the high sociability and disinhibition seen in individuals with WBS. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effects of serotonin (5-HT) on the major output neurons of the prefrontal cortex in Gtf2ird1(-/-) mice and their wildtype (WT) siblings. Prefrontal 5-HT receptors are known to modulate anxiety-like behaviors, and the Gtf2ird1(-/-) mice have altered 5-HT metabolism in prefrontal cortex. Using whole cell recording from layer V neurons in acute brain slices of prefrontal cortex, we found that 5-HT elicited significantly larger inhibitory, outward currents in Gtf2ird1(-/-) mice than in WT controls. In both genotypes, these currents were resistant to action potential blockade with TTX and were suppressed by the selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY-100635, suggesting that they are mediated directly by 5-HT(1A) receptors on the recorded neurons. Control experiments suggest a degree of layer and receptor specificity in this enhancement since 5-HT(1A) receptor-mediated responses in layer II/III pyramidal neurons were unchanged as were responses mediated by two other inhibitory receptors in layer V pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrate GTF2IRD1 protein expression by neurons in layer V of the prefrontal cortex. Our finding that 5-HT(1A)-mediated responses are selectively enhanced in layer V pyramidal neurons of Gtf2ird1(-/-) mice gives insight into the cellular mechanisms that underlie reduced innate anxiety and increased sociability in these mice, and may be relevant to the low social anxiety and disinhibition in patients with WBS and their sensitivity to serotonergic medicines. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11689-010-9044-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éliane Proulx
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 3358, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Edwin J. Young
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Lucy R. Osborne
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Evelyn K. Lambe
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 3358, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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