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Martínez-Cao C, García-Fernández A, González-Blanco L, Sáiz PA, Bobes J, García-Portilla MP. Anticholinergic load: A commonly neglected and preventable risk to cognition during schizophrenia treatment? Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 37:100317. [PMID: 38745931 PMCID: PMC11092394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment is a widespread feature of schizophrenia, affecting nearly 80 % of patients. Prior research has linked the anticholinergic burden of psychiatric medications to these cognitive deficits. However, the impact of the anticholinergic burden from medications for physical morbidity remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the anticholinergic burden of psychiatric and physical medications in patients with schizophrenia and assess its impact on cognitive function. Methods A total of 178 patients with schizophrenia were recruited. The assessments included an ad hoc questionnaire for collecting demographic and clinical data. Anticholinergic burden was evaluated using the cumulative Drug Burden Index (cDBI) for each participant, and cognitive function was assessed using MATRICS. Psychopathology was measured using the PANSS, CDSS, CAINS, and the CGI-S. Statistical analysis included Student's t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regressions. Results The average cDBI was 1.3 (SD = 0.9). The model developed explained 40.80 % of the variance. The variable with the greatest weight was the cDBI (B = -11.148, p = 0.010). Negative-expression (B = -2.740, p = 0.011) and negative-experiential (B = -1.175, p = 0.030) symptoms were also associated with lower global cognitive score. However, more years of education (B = 5.140, p < 0.001) and cigarettes per day (B = 1.331, p < 0.001) predicted a better global cognitive score. Conclusion This study identified specific predictors of global cognition in schizophrenia, with anticholinergic burden emerging as the strongest factor. Our findings underscore the importance of considering the anticholinergic burden of treatments, in addition to negative symptoms, when designing interventions to optimize or maintain cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Martínez-Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ainoa García-Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Leticia González-Blanco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Pilar A. Sáiz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - María Paz García-Portilla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
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2
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Zhang R, Ren J, Lei X, Wang Y, Chen X, Fu L, Li Q, Guo C, Teng X, Wu Z, Yu L, Wang D, Chen Y, Zhang C. Aberrant patterns of spontaneous brain activity in schizophrenia: A resting-state fMRI study and classification analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111066. [PMID: 38901758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a prevalent mental disorder, leading to severe disability. Currently, the absence of objective biomarkers hinders effective diagnosis. This study was conducted to explore the aberrant spontaneous brain activity and investigate the potential of abnormal brain indices as diagnostic biomarkers employing machine learning methods. METHODS A total of sixty-one schizophrenia patients and seventy demographically matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The static indices of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) including amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated to evaluate spontaneous brain activity. Subsequently, a sliding-window method was then used to conduct temporal dynamic analysis. The comparison of static and dynamic rs-fMRI indices between the patient and control groups was conducted using a two-sample t-test. Finally, the machine learning analysis was applied to estimate the diagnostic value of abnormal indices of brain activity. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients exhibited a significant increase ALFF value in inferior frontal gyrus, alongside significant decreases in fALFF values observed in left postcentral gyrus and right cerebellum posterior lobe. Pervasive aberrations in ReHo indices were observed among schizophrenia patients, particularly in frontal lobe and cerebellum. A noteworthy reduction in voxel-wise concordance of dynamic indices was observed across gray matter regions encompassing the bilateral frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, and insular cortices. The classification analysis achieved the highest values for area under curve at 0.87 and accuracy at 81.28% when applying linear support vector machine and leveraging a combination of abnormal static and dynamic indices in the specified brain regions as features. CONCLUSIONS The static and dynamic indices of brain activity exhibited as potential neuroimaging biomarkers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yewei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lirong Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyue Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Teng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zenan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfang Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chahl LA. TRPV1 Channels in the Central Nervous System as Drug Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:756. [PMID: 38931423 PMCID: PMC11206835 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
TRPV1 channels are polymodal cation channels located predominantly on primary afferent neurons that are activated by inflammatory mediators, capsaicin (the active component in chili peppers), and noxious heat. TRPV1 channel antagonists are potential new analgesic agents, but their development has been hindered by the finding that they also produce loss of thermal homeostasis and response to noxious heat. Results from recent studies of the TRPV1 channel indicate that it might be possible to develop TRPV1 channel antagonists that inhibit pain without affecting noxious heat sensation. TRPV1 channels are also present in the central nervous system (CNS) and have been implicated in learning, memory, and behaviour. TRPV1 channel modulators have been proposed to have possible therapeutic potential in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric conditions. However, further understanding of the role of TRPV1 channels in the CNS is required before therapeutic advances in the treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions with TRPV1 channel modulators can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris A Chahl
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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4
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Huot-Lavoie M, Desmeules C, Corbeil O, Béchard L, Brodeur S, Essiambre AM, Thériault C, Anderson E, Bachand L, Haider ZAA, Abdel-Baki A, Khazaal Y, Giroux I, Demers MF, Roy MA. Impact of gaming disorder on first episode psychosis patients' evolution: Protocol for a multicentered prospective study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:439-445. [PMID: 38059702 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study is to underline the impact of Gaming Disorder on the clinical evolution of patients with First Episode Psychosis. The specific aims of the study are to determine the prevalence of gaming disorder among those patients and assess the consequences of gaming on their clinical trajectory. METHODS This is a prospective multicenter cohort study that will enrol 800 patients diagnosed with a first episode psychosis, with a follow-up period of up to 3 years. Using a systematic screening procedure for gaming disorder, the clinical staff will assess patients gaming habits at admission and every 6 months thereafter. Information from patients' medical records will also be extracted using the same timeframe. RESULTS The patients' characteristics at admission and during follow-up will be presented in the form of descriptive statistics and compared between different subgroups of patients using uni- and multivariate logistic regression models. Repeated measures ANCOVA will also be performed to analyse the impact of gaming disorders on patients' clinical path as assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Clinical Global Impression scale, considering covariates such as psychiatric diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, age, sex/gender, and duration of untreated psychosis. CONCLUSION These findings will guide the development of prevention, detection, and treatment strategies for the comorbidity between gaming disorder and first episode psychosis, ultimately improving the patients' recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Huot-Lavoie
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Clinique Notre-Dame des Victoires, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Centre intégré universitaire en santé et services sociaux de la capitale nationale, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles Desmeules
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Service de médecine des addictions, Lausanne University Hospital Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Corbeil
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Clinique Notre-Dame des Victoires, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Centre intégré universitaire en santé et services sociaux de la capitale nationale, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent Béchard
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Clinique Notre-Dame des Victoires, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Centre intégré universitaire en santé et services sociaux de la capitale nationale, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Brodeur
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Clinique Notre-Dame des Victoires, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Centre intégré universitaire en santé et services sociaux de la capitale nationale, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Essiambre
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Clinique Notre-Dame des Victoires, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Centre intégré universitaire en santé et services sociaux de la capitale nationale, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantale Thériault
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Clinique Notre-Dame des Victoires, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Centre intégré universitaire en santé et services sociaux de la capitale nationale, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Anderson
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Clinique Notre-Dame des Victoires, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Centre intégré universitaire en santé et services sociaux de la capitale nationale, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lauryann Bachand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Amal Abdel-Baki
- Centre Québécois d'Excellence pour la Prévention et le Traitement du Jeu, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Clinique JAP, Montreal University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Giroux
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-France Demers
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Clinique Notre-Dame des Victoires, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Centre intégré universitaire en santé et services sociaux de la capitale nationale, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Roy
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Clinique Notre-Dame des Victoires, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Centre intégré universitaire en santé et services sociaux de la capitale nationale, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Kahn RS. The More Things Change . . . Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:474-475. [PMID: 38822587 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20240255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
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Guo J, He C, Song H, Gao H, Yao S, Dong SS, Yang TL. Unveiling Promising Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Schizophrenia Through Clinical and Genetic Perspectives. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01214-1. [PMID: 38703276 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex and serious brain disorder. Neuroscientists have become increasingly interested in using magnetic resonance-based brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) to investigate the etiology of psychiatric disorders. IDPs capture valuable clinical advantages and hold biological significance in identifying brain abnormalities. In this review, we aim to discuss current and prospective approaches to identify potential biomarkers for schizophrenia using clinical multimodal neuroimaging and imaging genetics. We first described IDPs through their phenotypic classification and neuroimaging genomics. Secondly, we discussed the applications of multimodal neuroimaging by clinical evidence in observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Thirdly, considering the genetic evidence of IDPs, we discussed how can utilize neuroimaging data as an intermediate phenotype to make association inferences by polygenic risk scores and Mendelian randomization. Finally, we discussed machine learning as an optimum approach for validating biomarkers. Together, future research efforts focused on neuroimaging biomarkers aim to enhance our understanding of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics and Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Changyi He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics and Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Huimiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics and Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Huiwu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics and Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shi Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Shan-Shan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics and Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Tie-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics and Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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7
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Latrèche C, Mancini V, Rochas V, Maeder J, Cantonas LM, Férat V, Schneider M, Michel CM, Eliez S. Using transcranial alternating current stimulation to enhance working memory skills in youths with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A randomized double-blind sham-controlled study. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115835. [PMID: 38460352 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal cognitive development, particularly working memory (WM) deficits, is among the first apparent manifestations of psychosis. Yet, cognitive impairment only shows limited response to current pharmacological treatment. Alternative interventions to target cognition are highly needed in individuals at high risk for psychosis, like carriers of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). Here we applied theta-tuned transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) between frontal and temporal regions during a visual WM task in 34 deletion carriers. We conducted a double-blind sham-controlled study over three consecutive days. The stimulation parameters were derived from individual structural MRI scan and HD-EEG data acquired at baseline (Day 1) to model current intensity and individual preferential theta peak. Participants were randomized to either sham or tACS (Days 2 and 3) and then completed a visual WM task and a control task. Our findings reveal that tACS was safe and well-tolerated among participants. We found a significantly increased accuracy in the visual WM but not the control task following tACS. Moreover, this enhancement in WM accuracy was greater after tACS than during tACS, indicating stronger offline effects than online effects. Our study therefore supports the application of repeated sessions of brain stimulation in 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Latrèche
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland.
| | - Valentina Mancini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Rochas
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Human Neuroscience Platform, Fondation Campus Biotech Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Maeder
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Lucia M Cantonas
- Autism Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victor Férat
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Clinical Psychology Unit for Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christoph M Michel
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
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Ragazzi TCC, Shuhama R, da Silva PHR, Corsi-Zuelli F, Loureiro CM, da Roza DL, Leoni RF, Menezes PR, Del-Ben CM. Neurocognition and brain functional connectivity in a non-clinical population-based sample with psychotic experiences. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:156-164. [PMID: 38547718 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
We characterized the neurocognitive profile of communed-based individuals and unaffected siblings of patients with psychosis from Brazil reporting psychotic experiences (PEs). We also analyzed associations between PEs and the intra and inter-functional connectivity (FC) in the Default Mode Network (DMN), the Fronto-Parietal Network (FPN) and the Salience Network (SN) measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. The combined sample of communed-based individuals and unaffected siblings of patients with psychosis comprised 417 (neurocognition) and 85 (FC) volunteers who were divided as having low (<75th percentile) and high (≥75th percentile) PEs (positive, negative, and depressive dimensions) assessed by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences. The neurocognitive profile and the estimated current brief intellectual quotient (IQ) were assessed using the digit symbol (processing speed), arithmetic (working memory), block design (visual learning) and information (verbal learning) subtests of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-third edition. Logistic regression models were performed for neurocognitive analysis. For neuroimaging, we used the CONN toolbox to assess FC between the specified regions, and ROI-to-ROI analysis. In the combined sample, high PEs (all dimensions) were related to lower processing speed performance. High negative PEs were related to poor visual learning performance and lower IQ, while high depressive PEs were associated with poor working memory performance. Those with high negative PEs presented FPN hypoconnectivity between the right and left lateral prefrontal cortex. There were no associations between PEs and the DMN and SN FC. Brazilian individuals with high PEs showed neurocognitive impairments like those living in wealthier countries. Hypoconnectivity in the FPN in a community sample with high PEs is coherent with the hypothesis of functional dysconnectivity in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taciana Cristina Carvalho Ragazzi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rosana Shuhama
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Henrique Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Physics, InBrain Laboratory, Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto-University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Camila Marcelino Loureiro
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Daiane Leite da Roza
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renata Ferranti Leoni
- Department of Physics, InBrain Laboratory, Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto-University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil, Population Mental Health Research Centre, Brazil, 455, Dr. Arnaldo Avenue, Cerqueira César, 01246903 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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9
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Petrovic AD, Barjaktarevic AM, Kostic OZ, Dimitrijevic JM, Mijailovic SS, Gogic AD, Jankovic SM, Andjelkovic MV, Stanojevic Pirkovic MS, Parezanovic Ilic KD, Kostic MJ, Janjic VS. Evaluation of quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: An inpatient social welfare institution-based cross-sectional study. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240947. [PMID: 38584834 PMCID: PMC10998673 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness with a poor quality of life (QoL). The main aim of this study was to measure the QoL and factors that affect the QoL of patients with schizophrenia placed in a social welfare institution. This cross-sectional study included 287 patients with schizophrenia who were treated in a long-stay social care institution in which QoL was assessed using five different instruments: the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale, the EuroQoL Five-Dimension-Five-Level scale (including the visual analog scale), the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire - Short Form, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. To determine the impact of patients' characteristics on score values, multiple linear regression using backward elimination was employed. Due to non-normality in the distribution of the dependent variables, a Box-Cox power transformation was applied to each dependent variable prior to conducting multiple linear regression analysis. Results revealed that patients with schizophrenia have lower QoL. Our study revealed that age, level of education, type of accommodation, type of pavilion, age of onset of the disease, number of prescribed antipsychotics, number of psychiatric comorbidities, duration of therapy, and the number of daily doses of antipsychotics are dominant contributors to the QoL in patients with schizophrenia who were treated in social welfare institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra D. Petrovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ana M. Barjaktarevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Olivera Z. Kostic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena M. Dimitrijevic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sara S. Mijailovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Andjela D. Gogic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodan M. Jankovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija V. Andjelkovic
- Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marijana S. Stanojevic Pirkovic
- Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Katarina D. Parezanovic Ilic
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina J. Kostic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir S. Janjic
- Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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10
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Murillo-García N, Soler J, Ortiz-García de la Foz V, Miguel-Corredera M, Barrio-Martinez S, Setién-Suero E, Papiol S, Fatjó-Vilas M, Ayesa-Arriola R. Familiality of the Intelligence Quotient in First Episode Psychosis: Is the Degree of Family Resemblance Associated With Different Profiles? Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:304-316. [PMID: 37314865 PMCID: PMC10919788 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS There is uncertainty about the relationship between the family intelligence quotient (IQ) deviation and the risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). This study tested the hypothesis that IQ is familial in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients and that their degree of familial resemblance is associated with different profiles. STUDY DESIGN The participants of the PAFIP-FAMILIAS project (129 FEP patients, 143 parents, and 97 siblings) completed the same neuropsychological battery. IQ-familiality was estimated through the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). For each family, the intra-family resemblance score (IRS) was calculated as an index of familial similarity. The FEP patients were subgrouped and compared according to their IRS and IQ. STUDY RESULTS IQ-familiality was low-moderate (ICC = 0.259). A total of 44.9% of the FEP patients had a low IRS, indicating discordancy with their family-IQ. Of these patients, those with low IQ had more schizophrenia diagnosis and a trend towards poorer premorbid adjustment in childhood and early adolescence. Whereas FEP patients with low IQ closely resembling their family-IQ were characterized by having the lowest performance in executive functions. CONCLUSIONS The deviation from the familial cognitive performance may be related to a particular pathological process in SSD. Individuals with low IQ who do not reach their cognitive familial potential show difficulties in adjustment since childhood, probably influenced by environmental factors. Instead, FEP patients with high phenotypic family resemblance might have a more significant genetic burden for the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Murillo-García
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research (IDIVAL), Santander 39011, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Jordi Soler
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Victor Ortiz-García de la Foz
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research (IDIVAL), Santander 39011, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | | | - Sara Barrio-Martinez
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research (IDIVAL), Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Esther Setién-Suero
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Basque Country 48014, Spain
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona 08830, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research (IDIVAL), Santander 39011, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
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11
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Gu YW, Fan JW, Zhao SW, Liu XF, Yin H, Cui LB. Large-scale mechanism hypothesis and research prospects of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia based on magnetic resonance imaging. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25915. [PMID: 38404811 PMCID: PMC10884805 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia are pivotal clinical issues that need to be solved urgently. However, the mechanism remains unknown. It has been suggested that cognitive impairments in schizophrenia are associated with connectome damage, and are especially relevant to the disrupted hub nodes in the frontal and parietal lobes. Activating the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) via repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could result in improved cognition. Based on several previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on schizophrenia, we found that the first-episode patients showed connectome damage, as well as abnormal activation and connectivity of the DLPFC and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Accordingly, we proposed that DLPFC-IPL pathway destruction might mediate connectome damage of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. In the meantime, with the help of multimodal MRI and noninvasive neuromodulation tool, we may not only validate the hypothesis, but also find IPL as the potential intervention target for cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Wen Gu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Wen Fan
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shu-Wan Zhao
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, China
| | - Long-Biao Cui
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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12
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Stafford E, Jakob S, Gur RE, Corcoran CM, Bearden CE. Securing direct stakeholder feedback to inform clinical research in serious mental illness: Results of a patient and family perspectives survey. Psychiatry Res 2023; 330:115574. [PMID: 37924772 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Mental illness research routinely includes unfamiliar or potentially frightening procedures like lumbar puncture (LP), contributing to low enrollment and retention. Previous studies related to LP acceptance have focused on older individuals, and little information on participant preferences for educational materials is available. We developed an online survey assessing existing knowledge, comfort and concerns, and preferences for educational materials in the context of our clinical study on schizophrenia spectrum conditions (SSCs). We found that participants were generally knowledgeable and interested in engaging with clinical SSC research. Frequency of engagement with research publications differed significantly by participant groups and age. Comfort levels were consistently highest for study procedures other than LP, though surprisingly the average number of informational needs per procedure was not significantly different for LP compared to other procedures. Preferences for format and source of educational materials varied across participant groups and age. Our results suggest that younger individuals with an SSC diagnosis are likely to have limited exposure to information, and proactively providing accessible and accurate educational materials may improve positive perceptions of LP. Providing content in a range of formats and sources will ensure that participants and their support networks have access to their preferred resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Jakob
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cheryl Mary Corcoran
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; James J. Peters Veterans Administration, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Li G, Lu C, Li S, Kang L, Li Q, Bai M, Xiong P. Correlation study of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, EEG γ activity and cognitive function in first-episode schizophrenia. Brain Res 2023; 1820:148561. [PMID: 37657750 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is characterised by neurotrophic, neuroelectrophysiological and cognitive dysfunction. However, there exists a paucity of research examining the association between serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration, resting electroencephalogram (EEG) gamma activity, and cognitive impairment in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. METHODS In this study, 87 first-episode schizophrenia patients and 75 healthy controls were assessed. Measurements were conducted to determine the levels of BDNF, resting EEG γ-activity at left and right frontal pole EEG electrodes respectively (FP1/FP2) leads, and cognitive function as assessed by the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Comparisons were made between the patient group and the control group, revealing lower BDNF levels, lower T-scores for 7 MCCB cognitive items, and higher EEG γ-activity among patients when compared to controls. RESULTS According to the correlation analysis, there were significant associations observed in the patient group. BDNF levels were found to be correlated with EEG γ activity as well as T-scores of speed of processing (SoP), verbal learning (VeL), and reasoning problem-solving (RPS). Moreover, EEG γ activity showed an association with both the total score of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and T-score of SoP. These findings suggest a potential relationship between BDNF levels, EEG γ activity, cognitive domains, and clinical symptoms in individuals with first-episode schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the coexistence of neurobiochemical and electrophysiological abnormalities alongside cognitive dysfunction during the early stages of schizophrenia. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanism of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. By highlighting the simultaneous occurrence of these factors, our study contributes to a better understanding of the complex nature of schizophrenia and emphasizes the importance of studying its cognitive aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China; Department of Psychiatry, Yunnan Psychiatric Hospital, No. 733, Chuanjin Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650225, China
| | - Cailian Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Meiyan Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China; Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
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14
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Liu W, Cai X, Chang Y, Zhu Y, Cai M, Xu J. Structural abnormalities in the Fronto-Parietal Network: Linking white matter integrity to sustained attention deficits in Schizophrenia. Brain Res Bull 2023; 205:110818. [PMID: 37972900 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with a range of cognitive deficits, among which impairments in sustained attention are particularly significant. Previous research has investigated functional changes in the fronto-parietal network (FPN) related to attentional control in schizophrenia. However, the role of structural connectivity within the FPN in sustained attention deficits remains under-explored. Utilizing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), this study investigated white matter integrity in 75 participants, comprising 37 individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and 38 healthy controls (HC). Psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance was assessed to gauge sustained attention. The SZ group showed a significant reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) and streamline counts within white matter tracts connecting frontal and parietal regions, compared to the HC group. Further, significant negative correlations were found between PVT performance and white matter integrity measures within the SZ group, specifically in the left FPN. Our findings indicate that structural abnormalities in the FPN are associated with sustained attention deficits in schizophrenia. These results contribute to our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments in schizophrenia and offer potential avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions. Further research is warranted to validate these outcomes and explore their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenMing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - XinNan Cai
- Xian Investigation Surveying and Mapping Institute, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingjuan Chang
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, China; Department of Interventional Surgery center, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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Rotstein A, Fund S, Levine SZ, Reichenberg A, Goldenberg J. Is cognition integral to psychopathology? A population-based cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7350-7357. [PMID: 37114455 PMCID: PMC10719669 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower cognitive functioning has been documented across psychiatric disorders and hypothesized to be a core deficit of mental disorders. Situating psychopathology and cognition as part of a unitary construct is therefore important to understanding the etiology of psychiatric disorders. The current study aims to test competing structural models of psychopathology and cognition in a large national cohort of adolescents. METHODS The analytic sample consisted of 1189 participants aged 16-17 years, screened by the Israeli Draft Board. Psychopathology was assessed using a modified version of the Brief Symptom Inventory, and cognition was assessed based on four standardized test scores ((1) mathematical reasoning, concentration, and concept manipulation; (2) visual-spatial problem-solving skills and nonverbal abstract reasoning; (3) verbal understanding; (4) categorization and verbal abstraction). Confirmatory factor analysis was implemented to compare competing structural models of psychopathology with and without cognition. Sensitivity analyses examined the models in different subpopulations. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a better model fit of psychopathological symptoms without cognition (RMSEA = 0.037; TLI = 0.991; CFI = 0.992) than with cognition (RMSEA = 0.04-0.042; TLI = 0.987-0.988; CFI = 0.988-0.989). Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of these results with a single exception. Among participants with low cognitive abilities (N = 139), models that integrated psychopathological symptoms with cognition had a better fit compared to models of psychopathology without cognition. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that cognition and psychopathology are, generally, independent constructs. However, within low cognitive abilities, cognition was integral to the structure of psychopathology. Our results point toward an increased vulnerability to psychopathology in individuals with low cognitive abilities and may provide valuable information for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Rotstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Gerontology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Suzanne Fund
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Israel Defense Forces, Israel
| | | | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Judy Goldenberg
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Israel Defense Forces, Israel
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16
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Liu XF, Zhao SW, Cui JJ, Gu YW, Fan JW, Fu YF, Zhang YH, Yin H, Chen K, Cui LB. Differential expression of diacylglycerol kinase ζ is involved in inferior parietal lobule-related dysfunction in schizophrenia with cognitive impairments. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:526. [PMID: 37479996 PMCID: PMC10362743 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04955-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is the main factor in the poor prognosis of schizophrenia, but its mechanism remains unclear. The inferior parietal lobule (IPL) is related to various clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. We aimed to explore the relationship between IPL-related functions and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. METHODS 136 schizophrenia patients and 146 demographically matched healthy controls were enrolled for a cross-sectional study. High-spatial-resolution structural and resting-state functional images were acquired to demonstrate the alternations of brain structure and function. At the same time, the digit span and digit symbol coding tasks of the Chinese Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test Revised (WAIS-RC) were utilized in assessing the subjects' cognitive function. Patients were divided into cognitive impairment and normal cognitive groups according to their cognitive score and then compared whether there were differences between the three groups in fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF). In addition, we did a correlation analysis between cognitive function and the fALFF for the left IPL of patients and healthy controls. Based on the Allen Human Brain Atlas, we obtained genes expressed in the left IPL, which were then intersected with the transcriptome-wide association study results and differentially expressed genes in schizophrenia. RESULTS Grouping of patients by the backward digit span task and the digit symbol coding task showed differences in fALFF values between healthy controls and cognitive impairment patients (P < 0.05). We found a negative correlation between the backward digit span task score and fALFF of the left IPL in healthy controls (r = - 0.388, P = 0.003), which was not seen in patients (r = 0.203, P = 0.020). In addition, none of the other analyses were statistically significant (P > 0.017). In addition, we found that diacylglycerol kinase ζ (DGKζ) is differentially expressed in the left IPL and associated with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the left IPL plays a vital role in cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. DGKζ may act as an essential regulator in the left IPL of schizophrenia patients with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu-Wan Zhao
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Jin Cui
- Department of Radiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Wen Gu
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Wen Fan
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Fei Fu
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Hong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Long-Biao Cui
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Schmitt A, Falkai P, Papiol S. Neurodevelopmental disturbances in schizophrenia: evidence from genetic and environmental factors. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:195-205. [PMID: 36370183 PMCID: PMC9660136 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Since more than 3 decades, schizophrenia (SZ) has been regarded as a neurodevelopmental disorder. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis proposes that SZ is associated with genetic and environmental risk factors, which influence connectivity in neuronal circuits during vulnerable developmental periods. We carried out a non-systematic review of genetic/environmental factors that increase SZ risk in light of its neurodevelopmental hypothesis. We also reviewed the potential impact of SZ-related environmental and genetic risk factors on grey and white matter pathology and brain function based on magnetic resonance imaging and post-mortem studies. Finally, we reviewed studies that have used patient-derived neuronal models to gain knowledge of the role of genetic and environmental factors in early developmental stages. Taken together, these studies indicate that a variety of environmental factors may interact with genetic risk factors during the pre- or postnatal period and/or during adolescence to induce symptoms of SZ in early adulthood. These risk factors induce disturbances of macro- and microconnectivity in brain regions involving the prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortices and the hippocampus. On the molecular and cellular level, a disturbed synaptic plasticity, loss of oligodendrocytes and impaired myelination have been shown in brain regions of SZ patients. These cellular/histological phenotypes are related to environmental risk factors such as obstetric complications, maternal infections and childhood trauma and genetic risk factors identified in recent genome-wide association studies. SZ-related genetic risk may contribute to active processes interfering with synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. Advances in stem cell technologies are providing promising mechanistic insights into how SZ risk factors impact the developing brain. Further research is needed to understand the timing of the different complex biological processes taking place as a result of the interplay between genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Zhang HC, Du Y, Chen L, Yuan ZQ, Cheng Y. MicroRNA schizophrenia: Etiology, biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105064. [PMID: 36707012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The three sets of symptoms associated with schizophrenia-positive, negative, and cognitive-are burdensome and have serious effects on public health, which affects up to 1% of the population. It is now commonly believed that in addition to the traditional dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway, the etiology of schizophrenia also includes neuronal networks, such as glutamate, GABA, serotonin, BDNF, oxidative stress, inflammation and the immune system. Small noncoding RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs) have come to light as possible participants in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia in recent years by having an impact on these systems. These small RNAs regulate the stability and translation of hundreds of target transcripts, which has an impact on the entire gene network. There may be improved approaches to treat and diagnose schizophrenia if it is understood how these changes in miRNAs alter the critical related signaling pathways that drive the development and progression of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Chang Zhang
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Qiang Yuan
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
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19
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Yılmaz S, Kılıç N, Kaya Ş, Taşcı G. A Potential Biomarker for Predicting Schizophrenia: Metallothionein-1. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020590. [PMID: 36831126 PMCID: PMC9952915 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been thought that oxidative damage may occur in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia; metallothioneins (MT) have strong antioxidant functions. In this study, we aimed to measure MT-1 levels in schizophrenia patients. A total of 52 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 38 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum MT-1 concentrations were measured using the Human Metallothionein-1 ELISA Kit. In addition, Cu and Zn levels were measured. PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) was used to determine the disease severity of patients with schizophrenia. The MT-1 levels of the schizophrenia group were lower than the MT-1 levels of the control group. When the correlation analyses were examined, a positive correlation was found between MT-1 and illness duration and Cu/Zn. A negative correlation was found between MT-1 levels and PANSS total scores and PANSS positive scores. In the regression analysis, it was seen that the decrease in MT-1 levels poses a risk for schizophrenia. It was observed that a decrease of 1 ng/mL in MT-1 levels increased the risk of schizophrenia 1.115 times. The low concentration of MT-1 is likely to cause a deficiency in antioxidant defense in patients with schizophrenia. MT-1 may be a useful biomarker for predicting schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Yılmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, 23100 Elazığ, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+90-05530652473; Fax: +90-4242373365
| | - Nülüfer Kılıç
- Department of Psychiatry, Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, 23100 Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Şüheda Kaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Elazig Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, 23100 Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Gülay Taşcı
- Department of Psychiatry, Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, 23100 Elazığ, Turkey
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20
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Comprehensive metabolomic characterization of the hippocampus in a ketamine mouse model of schizophrenia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 632:150-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Horan WP, Catalano LT, Green MF. An Update on Treatment of Cognitive Impairment Associated with Schizophrenia. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 63:407-436. [PMID: 35915386 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) is widely regarded as a critically important treatment target for schizophrenia. Despite major efforts and a number of promising findings, we do not yet have an approved drug for CIAS. Similarly, promising cognitive remediation approaches are limited in their ability to help patients achieve real-world functional gains on a wide scale. This article provides an update and critical evaluation of recent treatment development activities for CIAS. First, we provide update on pharmacological approaches, which include a glutamatergic drug that is currently in Phase III trials for CIAS, and discuss factors that may have impacted past efforts to identify efficacious drugs. Second, we review positive findings, limitations, and current trends involving cognitive remediation approaches. Third, we consider newer transdiagnostic approaches aimed at looking beyond, or identifying more homogenous subgroups within, the diagnostic category schizophrenia to advance treatment development. Despite its many challenges, treatment development for CIAS remains a major public health issue and research continues to push forward on several encouraging fronts.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Horan
- WCG VeraSci, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Lauren T Catalano
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Yue W, Huang H, Duan J. Potential diagnostic biomarkers for schizophrenia. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:385-416. [PMID: 37724326 PMCID: PMC10388817 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCH) is a complex and severe mental disorder with high prevalence, disability, mortality and carries a heavy disease burden, the lifetime prevalence of SCH is around 0.7%-1.0%, which has a profound impact on the individual and society. In the clinical practice of SCH, key problems such as subjective diagnosis, experiential treatment, and poor overall prognosis are still challenging. In recent years, some exciting discoveries have been made in the research on objective biomarkers of SCH, mainly focusing on genetic susceptibility genes, metabolic indicators, immune indices, brain imaging, electrophysiological characteristics. This review aims to summarize the biomarkers that may be used for the prediction and diagnosis of SCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Yue
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jubao Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
This invited commentary provides a conceptual history of modern early intervention services, briefly reviews the accomplishments of an international clinical and research community, and offers proposals for how such services might participate in the next generation of progress. In keeping with the theme of this column, we make the argument that such services should orient around bi-directional knowledge translation across basic, clinical and policy domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod H Srihari
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program for Specialized Treatment Early in Psychosis (STEP), Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Comparison of frontal QRS-T angle in patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 149:76-82. [PMID: 35255386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most prominent cause of death in patients with schizophrenia. Frontal QRS-T (fQRS-T) angle is a novel marker of myocardial depolarization and repolarization heterogeneity. Recent studies have indicated that the fQRS-T angle is associated with some cardiovascular abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate the fQRS-T angle and its relationship with symptoms severity in patients with schizophrenia. One hundred-six patients with schizophrenia and sixty-four healthy controls were included in this study. fQRS-T angle and QT interval measurements were calculated for each participant from the automatic report of the 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) device. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were performed on the patients with schizophrenia. Corrected QT (QTc) interval and fQRS-T angle were significantly higher in the patients with schizophrenia than healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). fQRS-T angle was positively correlated with age (r = 0.43), duration of disease (r = 0.37), and negative symptoms scores (r = 0.39). In linear regression analysis, the disease duration and negative symptom severity were the independent predictors of fQRS-T angle in patients with schizophrenia (t = 3.730, p = 0.003 and t = 2.257, p = 0.023, respectively). The fQRS-T angle may be an important ECG parameter to interpret cardiovascular disease risk in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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26
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Barros C, Roach B, Ford JM, Pinheiro AP, Silva CA. From Sound Perception to Automatic Detection of Schizophrenia: An EEG-Based Deep Learning Approach. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:813460. [PMID: 35250651 PMCID: PMC8892210 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.813460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep learning techniques have been applied to electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, with promising applications in the field of psychiatry. Schizophrenia is one of the most disabling neuropsychiatric disorders, often characterized by the presence of auditory hallucinations. Auditory processing impairments have been studied using EEG-derived event-related potentials and have been associated with clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Due to consistent changes in the amplitude of ERP components, such as the auditory N100, some have been proposed as biomarkers of schizophrenia. In this paper, we examine altered patterns in electrical brain activity during auditory processing and their potential to discriminate schizophrenia and healthy subjects. Using deep convolutional neural networks, we propose an architecture to perform the classification based on multi-channels auditory-related EEG single-trials, recorded during a passive listening task. We analyzed the effect of the number of electrodes used, as well as the laterality and distribution of the electrical activity over the scalp. Results show that the proposed model is able to classify schizophrenia and healthy subjects with an average accuracy of 78% using only 5 midline channels (Fz, FCz, Cz, CPz, and Pz). The present study shows the potential of deep learning methods in the study of impaired auditory processing in schizophrenia with implications for diagnosis. The proposed design can provide a base model for future developments in schizophrenia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Barros
- Psychological Neurosciences Lab, Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Brian Roach
- Psychiatry Service, San Francisco Veteran Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Judith M. Ford
- Psychiatry Service, San Francisco Veteran Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ana P. Pinheiro
- Psychological Neurosciences Lab, Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Research Center for Psychological Science (CICPSI), Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. Silva
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
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27
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Leontieva L, Golovko S. Construct Validity of the Pictogram Test for Diagnosis of Schizophrenia. Cureus 2022; 14:e21383. [PMID: 35103218 PMCID: PMC8776534 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine construct validity of the Pictogram Test (PT) which assesses disturbances in thinking in individuals with schizophrenia. The PT was developed in Russia; it was found to be applicable for the English-speaking population of the USA. The variables of the PT were correlated with Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). Method: Russian-and English-speaking participants completed the PT and MMPI-2 in their native languages. Results: The PT variables that reflected attribute selection choice of intermediate concepts for memorization and the variables that were geometrical shapes had significant correlations with MMPI-2 scales linked to schizophrenia. This represents evidence of convergent validity. The same PT indices did not significantly correlate with most of the MMPI-2 scales that are not elevated in schizophrenia, representing some discriminant validity of the PT. Conclusions: The less often the participants were able to connect target words with economical intermediate concepts, the higher were the elevations of schizophrenia-related scales. Also, the more abstract and remote their intermediate concepts, the less often they recalled targets. These findings give evidence of the validity of the PT in assessing the thinking of individuals with schizophrenia and related conditions.
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Nestor PG, Levitt JJ, Ohtani T, Newell DT, Shenton ME, Niznikiewicz M. Loosening of Associations in Chronic Schizophrenia: Intersectionality of Verbal Learning, Negative Symptoms, and Brain Structure. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2022; 3:sgac004. [PMID: 35295655 PMCID: PMC8918213 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In 1908, Bleuler proposed a unitary theory of schizophrenia, hypothesizing a “loosening of associations” as the central mechanism underlying disturbances in thinking, motivation, and affective expression. Here, we test Bleuler’s model in an archival sample of 79 healthy controls and 76 patients with chronic schizophrenia who had completed neuropsychological tests, including a measure of learning of novel word pairs, which was specifically selected to probe the structure and formation of new verbal associations. The patients also had positive and negative symptoms ratings, including measures of flat affect, anhedonia, and thought disorder. A subset of patients and controls (n = 39) had available prior archival 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of prefrontal cortex (PFC) gray matter volumes. In relation to controls, patients showed evidence of a selective impairment in associative learning, independent of their overall reduced neuropsychological functioning. This neuropsychological impairment, in turn, correlated significantly with overall levels of negative but not positive symptoms, with the data showing an especially strong contribution of flattened emotional expression to verbal associate learning deficits in this patient sample. Moreover, the archival MRI data were consistent with prior research pointing to an important role of the PFC in supporting verbal associate learning and memory in patients and controls. Taken together, the current results provided evidence of a selective impairment in schizophrenia on a PFC-supported verbal associate learning and memory task, which was accompanied by negative symptoms in general, and flattened emotional expression, in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Nestor
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - James J Levitt
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toshiyuki Ohtani
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dominick T Newell
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret Niznikiewicz
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Razar RBBA, Qu Y, Gunaseelan S, Chua JJE. The importance of fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1 in neural circuit establishment and neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1165-1171. [PMID: 34782550 PMCID: PMC8643053 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain contains an estimated 100 billion neurons that must be systematically organized into functional neural circuits for it to function properly. These circuits range from short-range local signaling networks between neighboring neurons to long-range networks formed between various brain regions. Compelling converging evidence indicates that alterations in neural circuits arising from abnormalities during early neuronal development or neurodegeneration contribute significantly to the etiology of neurological disorders. Supporting this notion, efforts to identify genetic causes of these disorders have uncovered an over-representation of genes encoding proteins involved in the processes of neuronal differentiation, maturation, synaptogenesis and synaptic function. Fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1, a Kinesin-1 adapter, has emerged as a key central player involved in many of these processes. Fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1-dependent transport of synaptic cargoes and mitochondria is essential for neuronal development and synapse establishment. Furthermore, it acts downstream of guidance cue pathways to regulate axo-dendritic development. Significantly, perturbing its function causes abnormalities in neuronal development and synapse formation both in the brain as well as the peripheral nervous system. Mutations and deletions of the fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1 gene are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Moreover, altered phosphorylation of the protein contributes to neurodegenerative disorders. Together, these findings strongly implicate the importance of fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1 in the establishment of neuronal circuits and its maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafhanah Banu Bte Abdul Razar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; LSI Neurobiology Programme; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yinghua Qu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; LSI Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saravanan Gunaseelan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; LSI Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Jia En Chua
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; LSI Neurobiology Programme; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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Developmental Psychotic Risk: Toward a Neurodevelopmentally Informed Staging of Vulnerability to Psychosis. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2021; 28:271-278. [PMID: 32692090 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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31
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Poltavskaya EG, Fedorenko OY, Kornetova EG, Loonen AJM, Kornetov AN, Bokhan NA, Ivanova SA. Study of Early Onset Schizophrenia: Associations of GRIN2A and GRIN2B Polymorphisms. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11100997. [PMID: 34685369 PMCID: PMC8540378 DOI: 10.3390/life11100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with a high heritability. Dysfunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we examined the contribution of GRIN2A and GRIN2B (Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 2A/2B) polymorphisms to the clinical features of schizophrenia, such as the leading symptoms, the type of course, and the age of onset. METHODS A population of 402 Russian patients with schizophrenia from the Siberian region was investigated. Genotyping of seventeen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GRIN2A and GRIN2B was performed using QuantStudio™ 3D Digital PCR System Life Technologies amplifier using TaqMan Validated SNP Genotyping Assay kits (Applied Biosystems). The results were analyzed using Chi-square and the Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS We found an association of GRIN2A rs7206256 and rs11644461 and GRIN2B rs7313149 with the early onset (before the age of 18 years old) schizophrenia. We did not reveal any associations of GRIN2A and GRIN2B polymorphisms with leading (positive vs. negative) symptoms or type of course (continuous vs. episodic) of schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS In the study, we confirmed the involvement of the GRIN2A and GRIN2B genes in the early onset of schizophrenia in a Russian population of the Siberian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya G. Poltavskaya
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.G.K.); (N.A.B.); (S.A.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Olga Yu. Fedorenko
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.G.K.); (N.A.B.); (S.A.I.)
| | - Elena G. Kornetova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.G.K.); (N.A.B.); (S.A.I.)
- Fundamental Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Department, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Anton J. M. Loonen
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Alexander N. Kornetov
- Fundamental Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Department, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Nikolay A. Bokhan
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.G.K.); (N.A.B.); (S.A.I.)
- Fundamental Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Department, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Svetlana A. Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.G.K.); (N.A.B.); (S.A.I.)
- Fundamental Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Department, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
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Vissink CE, Winter-van Rossum I, Cannon TD, Fusar-Poli P, Kahn RS, Bossong MG. Structural brain volumes of individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: a meta-analysis. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 2:147-152. [PMID: 36325161 PMCID: PMC9616363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis have yielded conflicting results. Methods The aims of this study were to compare intracranial and structural brain volumes and variability of CHR individuals with those of healthy control (HC) subjects and to investigate brain volume differences and variability in CHR subjects with and without transition to psychosis. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies published before June 1, 2020. Results A total of 34 studies were deemed eligible, which included baseline data of 2111 CHR and 1472 HC participants. In addition, data were included for 401 CHR subjects who subsequently transitioned to psychosis and 1023 nontransitioned CHR participants. Whole-brain and left, right, and bilateral hippocampal volume were significantly smaller in CHR subjects than in HC subjects. Cerebrospinal fluid and lateral ventricle volumes were significantly larger in CHR subjects than in HC subjects. Variability was not significantly different in CHR subjects compared with HC subjects. CHR individuals with and without subsequent transition to psychosis did not show significant differences in any of the volumetric assessments or in variability. Conclusions This meta-analysis demonstrates reduced whole-brain and hippocampal volumes and increased cerebrospinal fluid and lateral ventricle volumes in CHR individuals. However, no significant differences were observed in any of the volumetric assessments between CHR individuals with and without subsequent transition to psychosis. These findings suggest that although structural brain alterations are present before the onset of the disorder, they may not significantly contribute to the identification of CHR individuals at the highest risk for the development of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad E. Vissink
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Address correspondence to Conrad E. Vissink, M.Sc.
| | - Inge Winter-van Rossum
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tyrone D. Cannon
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rene S. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Matthijs G. Bossong
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Matthijs G. Bossong, Ph.D.
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33
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Cognitive subtypes in recent onset psychosis: distinct neurobiological fingerprints? Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1475-1483. [PMID: 33723384 PMCID: PMC8209013 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-00963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In schizophrenia, neurocognitive subtypes can be distinguished based on cognitive performance and they are associated with neuroanatomical alterations. We investigated the existence of cognitive subtypes in shortly medicated recent onset psychosis patients, their underlying gray matter volume patterns and clinical characteristics. We used a K-means algorithm to cluster 108 psychosis patients from the multi-site EU PRONIA (Prognostic tools for early psychosis management) study based on cognitive performance and validated the solution independently (N = 53). Cognitive subgroups and healthy controls (HC; n = 195) were classified based on gray matter volume (GMV) using Support Vector Machine classification. A cognitively spared (N = 67) and impaired (N = 41) subgroup were revealed and partially independently validated (Nspared = 40, Nimpaired = 13). Impaired patients showed significantly increased negative symptomatology (pfdr = 0.003), reduced cognitive performance (pfdr < 0.001) and general functioning (pfdr < 0.035) in comparison to spared patients. Neurocognitive deficits of the impaired subgroup persist in both discovery and validation sample across several domains, including verbal memory and processing speed. A GMV pattern (balanced accuracy = 60.1%, p = 0.01) separating impaired patients from HC revealed increases and decreases across several fronto-temporal-parietal brain areas, including basal ganglia and cerebellum. Cognitive and functional disturbances alongside brain morphological changes in the impaired subgroup are consistent with a neurodevelopmental origin of psychosis. Our findings emphasize the relevance of tailored intervention early in the course of psychosis for patients suffering from the likely stronger neurodevelopmental character of the disease.
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Wu XS, Yan TC, Wang XY, Cao Y, Liu XF, Fu YF, Wu L, Jin YC, Yin H, Cui LB. Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided and Navigated Individualized Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1365-1369. [PMID: 34145549 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Sha Wu
- School of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tian-Cai Yan
- School of Medical Imaging, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xian-Yang Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu-Fei Fu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yin-Chuan Jin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hong Yin
- School of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Long-Biao Cui
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
- Department of Radiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Mancini V, Maeder J, Bortolin K, Schneider M, Schaer M, Eliez S. Long-term effects of early treatment with SSRIs on cognition and brain development in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:336. [PMID: 34052829 PMCID: PMC8164636 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits in individuals at risk of psychosis represent a significant challenge for research, as current strategies for symptomatic treatment are often ineffective. Recent studies showed that atypical cognitive development predicts the occurrence of psychotic symptoms. Additionally, abnormal brain development is known to predate clinical manifestations of psychosis. Therefore, critical developmental stages may be the best period for early interventions expected to prevent cognitive decline and protect brain maturation. However, it is challenging to identify and treat individuals at risk of psychosis in the general population before the onset of the first psychotic symptoms. 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), the neurogenetic disorder with the highest genetic risk for schizophrenia, provides the opportunity to prospectively study the development of subjects at risk for psychosis. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to establish if early treatment with SSRIs in children and adolescents with 22q11DS was associated with long-term effects on cognition and brain development. We included 98 participants with a confirmed diagnosis of 22q11DS followed up 2-4 times (age range: 10-32). Thirty subjects without psychiatric disorders never received psychotropic medications, thirty had psychotic symptoms but were not treated with SSRIs, and 38 received SSRIs treatment. An increase in IQ scores characterized the developmental trajectories of participants receiving treatment with SSRIs, even those with psychotic symptoms. The thickness of frontal regions and hippocampal volume were also relatively increased. The magnitude of the outcomes was inversely correlated to the age at the onset of the treatment. We provide preliminary evidence that early long-term treatment with SSRIs may attenuate the cognitive decline associated with psychosis in 22q11DS and developmental brain abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mancini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Johanna Maeder
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karin Bortolin
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Medical Image Processing Lab, Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Clinical Psychology Unit for Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie Schaer
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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36
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Qin Z, Zhang L, Zasloff MA, Stewart AFR, Chen HH. Ketamine's schizophrenia-like effects are prevented by targeting PTP1B. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 155:105397. [PMID: 34015491 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Subanesthetic doses of ketamine induce schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice including hyperlocomotion and deficits in working memory and sensorimotor gating. Here, we examined the effect of in vivo ketamine administration on neuronal properties and endocannabinoid (eCB)-dependent modulation of synaptic transmission onto layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in brain slices of the prefrontal cortex, a region tied to the schizophrenia-like behavioral phenotypes of ketamine. Since deficits in working memory and sensorimotor gating are tied to activation of the tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B in glutamatergic neurons, we asked whether PTP1B contributes to these effects of ketamine. Ketamine increased membrane resistance and excitability of pyramidal neurons. Systemic pharmacological inhibition of PTP1B by Trodusquemine restored these neuronal properties and prevented each of the three main ketamine-induced behavior deficits. Ketamine also reduced mobilization of eCB by pyramidal neurons, while unexpectedly reducing their inhibitory inputs, and these effects of ketamine were blocked or occluded by PTP1B ablation in glutamatergic neurons. While ablation of PTP1B in glutamatergic neurons prevented ketamine-induced deficits in memory and sensorimotor gating, it failed to prevent hyperlocomotion (a psychosis-like phenotype). Taken together, these results suggest that PTP1B in glutamatergic neurons mediates ketamine-induced deficits in eCB mobilization, memory and sensorimotor gating whereas PTP1B in other cell types contributes to hyperlocomotion. Our study suggests that the PTP1B inhibitor Trodusquemine may represent a new class of fast-acting antipsychotic drugs to treat schizophrenia-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohong Qin
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Li Zhang
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Michael A Zasloff
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington D.C. 2007, USA
| | - Alexandre F R Stewart
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y4W7, Canada; Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Hsiao-Huei Chen
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada; Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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37
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Early intervention in psychiatry through a developmental perspective. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:8. [PMID: 33580020 PMCID: PMC7881202 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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38
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Peng XJ, Hei GR, Yang Y, Liu CC, Xiao JM, Long YJ, Huang J, Zhao JP, Wu RR. The Association Between Cognitive Deficits and Clinical Characteristic in First-Episode Drug Naïve Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:638773. [PMID: 33716832 PMCID: PMC7950319 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.638773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disease which characterized by positive symptom, negative symptom, general pathology syndrome and cognitive deficits. In recent years, many studies have investigated the relationship between cognitive deficits and clinical characteristics in schizophrenia, but relatively few studies have been performed on first-episode drug-naïve patients. Methods: Eighty seven first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients were assessed for positive symptom, negative symptom, general pathology symptom and cognitive deficits from the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. Psychotics depression were assessed using the Calgary depressing scale for schizophrenia. The relationship between clinical characteristics and cognitive deficits were assessed using correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of cognitive deficits among the patients in our study was 85.1% (74/87) which was much higher than that in the general population. According to correlation analysis, negative symptom was negatively correlated with speed of processing and social cognition, and general pathology showed a negative correlation with attention/vigilance. In addition, a positive correlation was found between age and speed of processing. No correlation was found between cognitive deficits and positive symptom. Conclusions: This study confirmed that negative symptom is negatively related with some domains of cognitive function in first-episode drug naïve schizophrenia patients. Trail Registration: NCT03451734. Registered March 2, 2018 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Peng
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Gang-Rui Hei
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chen-Chen Liu
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Mei Xiao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Jun Long
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Ping Zhao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ren-Rong Wu
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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39
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Liu R, Fang X, Yu L, Wang D, Wu Z, Guo C, Teng X, Ren J, Zhang C. Gender Differences of Schizophrenia Patients With and Without Depressive Symptoms in Clinical Characteristics. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:792019. [PMID: 35095605 PMCID: PMC8792946 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.792019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the differences in psychotic symptoms and cognitive function in schizophrenics with and without depression and to compare gender differences in the correlation between depressive symptoms and clinical characteristics in those patients. Methods: A total of 190 schizophrenia patients and 200 healthy controls were recruited in the study. We used the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) to evaluate the psychiatric symptoms, depressive symptoms and cognitive function, respectively. Patients with CDSS score ≥7 were divided into depression group, and CDSS < 7 was viewed as without depression. Results: Patients with schizophrenia had lower total scores of RBANS and five subscale (immediate memory, visual span, verbal function, attention, and delayed memory) scores compared to healthy controls. In the case group, patients who concomitant with depression had higher PANSS scores (Ps < 0.001) and lower RBANS (Ps < 0.05) scores than those without depression. After gender stratification, PANSS total scores and subscale scores were significantly different between schizophrenics with and without depressive symptoms in both male and female groups (Ps < 0.001). For cognitive function, there were significant differences in RBANS total score and subscale scores except attention between female patients with and without schizophrenia but not in male schizophrenia patients. Furthermore, the correlation analysis showed that the total CDSS score was positively correlated with PANSS score (P < 0.001) and RBANS score in male and female groups (male: P = 0.010, female: P = 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings provided evidence supporting the gender differences in psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function between schizophrenia patients with and without depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimei Liu
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfang Yu
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zenan Wu
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyue Guo
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Teng
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Ren
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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40
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Xiang Y, Li Y, Shu C, Liu Z, Wang H, Wang G. Prefrontal Cortex Activation During Verbal Fluency Task and Tower of London Task in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:709875. [PMID: 34690828 PMCID: PMC8531213 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.709875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive dysfunction is a common clinical feature of mental disorders. A number of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies have shown reduced prefrontal activation during the verbal fluency task (VFT) in schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, no studies have examined and compared the brain activation patterns during the Tower of London (TOL), which is another classic, high-sensitivity executive function testing tool, in these two serious mental disorders. This study aimed to assess the characteristics of brain activation during the two different cognitive tasks in SZ and MDD patients. Methods: This study recruited 30 patients with SZ, 30 patients with MDD, and 30 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs). The hemodynamic changes of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured using 32-channel fNIRS during performance of the TOL task and VFT task. Results: SZ patients showed poorer VFT performance than MDD patients and HCs, and the two patient groups showed poorer TOL performance than HCs. Compared to HCs, both of the patient groups exhibited a significant decreased activation in the extensive PFC. Particularly in certain channels in the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), SZ patients exhibited significantly decreased hemodynamic changes than the MDD patients. Conclusions: Patients with SZ and MDD have different levels of impairment in different cognitive domains and different patterns of brain activation during the two cognitive tasks. Further research is needed to determine the use of fNIRS for clinical evaluation and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhongxiang Hospital of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Zhongxiang, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Neurology and Psychiatry Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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41
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Avery SN, Armstrong K, McHugo M, Vandekar S, Blackford JU, Woodward ND, Heckers S. Relational Memory in the Early Stage of Psychosis: A 2-Year Follow-up Study. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:75-86. [PMID: 32657351 PMCID: PMC7825006 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relational memory, the ability to bind information into complex memories, is moderately impaired in early psychosis and severely impaired in chronic schizophrenia, suggesting relational memory may worsen throughout the course of illness. METHODS We examined relational memory in 66 early psychosis patients and 64 healthy control subjects, with 59 patients and 52 control subjects assessed longitudinally at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Relational memory was assessed with 2 complementary tasks, to test how individuals learn relationships between items (face-scene binding task) and make inferences about trained relationships (associative inference task). RESULTS The early psychosis group showed impaired relational memory in both tasks relative to the healthy control group. The ability to learn relationships between items remained impaired in early psychosis patients, while the ability to make inferences about trained relationships improved, although never reaching the level of healthy control performance. Early psychosis patients who did not progress to schizophrenia at follow-up had better relational memory than patients who did. CONCLUSIONS Relational memory impairments, some of which improve and are less severe in patients who do not progress to schizophrenia, are a target for intervention in early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne N Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kristan Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Maureen McHugo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Simon Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Department of Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Room 3060, Nashville, TN 37212; tel: (615)-322-2665, fax: (615)-343-8400, e-mail:
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42
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Kalin NH. Psychotic Experiences, Cognitive Decline, and Genetic Vulnerabilities in Relation to Developing Psychotic Disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:279-281. [PMID: 32233681 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ned H Kalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
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