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Kuczynski AM, Piccirillo ML, Dora J, Kuehn KS, Halvorson MA, King KM, Kanter JW. Characterizing the momentary association between loneliness, depression, and social interactions: Insights from an ecological momentary assessment study. J Affect Disord 2024; 360:376-386. [PMID: 38823593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that loneliness causes people to feel more depressed. It is unknown, however, why this association occurs and whether momentary versus chronic experiences of loneliness are implicated. Theoretical accounts suggest that momentary feelings of loneliness produce two competing motivations: social reaffiliation and social withdrawal. Social affiliation is protective against depression; social withdrawal, in contrast, is a risk factor. Thus, engaging in frequent and high-quality interactions following experiences of loneliness may protect against subsequent depression. We tested this hypothesis using a random-interval experience sampling design (5x/day/day, 14 days; Nobs = 6568) with a racially/ethnically diverse sample of adults with elevated depression symptoms (N = 102). Momentary loneliness was associated with depressed mood at the same time point and ∼2.5h and ∼5h later. Frequency and quality of social interaction did not moderate these associations. Findings suggest that momentary feelings of loneliness may be an important target for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Kuczynski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, United States of America.
| | | | - Jonas Dora
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, United States of America
| | - Kevin S Kuehn
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Max A Halvorson
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, United States of America
| | - Kevin M King
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W Kanter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, United States of America
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2
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Mayerl H, Schultz A, Freidl W, Stolz E. Short-term dynamics of loneliness and depressive symptoms: Gender differences in older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 123:105423. [PMID: 38554653 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research examining the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms often treated these constructs as static traits rather than dynamic states. The current study focused on the short-term, prospective link between loneliness and depressive symptoms, while also analyzing potential gender differences. METHODS We modeled panel data from seven bi-weekly assessments gathered in the FRequent health Assessment In Later life (FRAIL70+) study. At baseline, the sample size amounted to N = 426 community-dwelling older adults aged 70 years or older in Austria. The relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms was analyzed using a latent change score modeling framework. RESULTS As regards depressive symptoms, women showed higher initial levels and more change across the three months than men. Loneliness did not considerably change across time for both sexes. Moreover, greater levels of loneliness at a given point in time were associated with an accelerated increase in depressive symptoms two weeks later in women but not in men. CONCLUSION Loneliness appeared to be a potential determinant of future increases in depressive symptoms. The varying effects observed between men and women suggest potential gender differences in short-term fluctuations of depressive symptoms and their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Mayerl
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Schultz
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Freidl
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Erwin Stolz
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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3
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Jones MS, Ferrell AK, Malin C, Garett-Wright D, Willoughby G. Promoting Farmer Appreciation in Kentucky through a Farmer Cultural Awareness Project. J Agromedicine 2024; 29:494-498. [PMID: 38265065 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2024.2307475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To address the perception among farmers of lack of appreciation and being devalued by the non-farming public. METHODS Oral history interviews were conducted to gather farmers' viewpoints of what the non-farming public needs to know about their occupation. RESULTS The creation of a public awareness campaign utilizing interview data, including canvas bags, information cards, and a website. CONCLUSION The public awareness campaign provides the non-farming public with opportunities to learn about the lives of farmers and their contributions to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Susan Jones
- School of Nursing and Allied Health, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ann K Ferrell
- Department of Folk Studies and Anthropology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Catherine Malin
- South Central Kentucky AHEC, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dawn Garett-Wright
- School of Nursing and Allied Health, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ginny Willoughby
- Folk Studies, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
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Leonelli BR, Bean CAL, Hughes JW. Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Multidimensional Behavioral Health Screen (MBHS) With a University Sample. Assessment 2024; 31:1148-1164. [PMID: 37887355 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231205547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The Multidimensional Behavioral Health Screen (MBHS) is a brief screening measure of behavioral health symptoms. Although the measure was first developed for primary care, it is likely to have clinical utility in other settings. This study examined the MBHS's factor structure and psychometric properties with a university undergraduate and graduate student sample (n = 602, 58.6% female, 75.9% White, primarily aged 20-24) during the COVID-19 pandemic. MBHS subscale scores demonstrated internal consistency reliability and both convergent and discriminant relations with external, criterion variables. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a 7-subscale factor structure of the MBHS and did not find evidence of higher order factors. Clinical and theoretical implications, as well as future research directions, are discussed.
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Hajek A, König HH, Sutin AR, Terracciano A, Luchetti M, Stephan Y, Gyasi RM. Prevalence and factors associated with probable depression among the oldest old during the Covid-19 pandemic: evidence from the large, nationally representative 'Old Age in Germany (D80+)' study. Psychogeriatrics 2024; 24:838-846. [PMID: 38699978 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, most studies examining the prevalence and determinants of depression among individuals aged 80 and over have used geographically limited samples that are not generalisable to the wider population. Thus, our aim was to identify the prevalence and the factors associated with probable depression among the oldest old in Germany based on nationally representative data. METHODS Data were taken from the nationally representative 'Old Age in Germany (D80+)' study (n = 8386; November 2020 to April 2021) covering both community-dwelling and institutionalised individuals aged 80 and over. The Short Form of the Depression in Old Age Scale was used to quantify probable depression. RESULTS Probable depression was found in 40.7% (95% CI: 39.5% to 42.0%) of the sample; 31.3% were men (95% CI: 29.7% to 32.9%) and 46.6% women (95% CI: 44.9% to 48.3%). The odds of probable depression were positively associated with being female (odds ratio (OR): 1.55, 95% CI: 1.30 to 1.84), being divorced (compared to being married, OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.76), being widowed (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.30), having a low education (e.g., medium education compared to low education, OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.99), living in an institutionalised setting (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.84 to 3.02), living in East Germany (OR: 1.21, 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.39), not having German citizenship (German citizenship compared to other citizenship, OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.95), poor self-rated health (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.34), and the number of chronic conditions (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.14). CONCLUSION About four out of 10 individuals aged 80 and over in Germany had probable depression, underlining the importance of this challenge. Knowledge of specific risk factors for this age group may assist in addressing older adults at risk of probable depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Martina Luchetti
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Razak M Gyasi
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Lucjan P, Bird T, Murray C, Lorimer A. Loneliness and psychotic-like experiences in middle-aged and older adults: the mediating role of selective attention to threat and external attribution biases. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38938159 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2372072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loneliness has been associated with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in the general population, but the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. Theoretical models, corroborated by empirical findings, signify the key role of biased cognition in both loneliness and psychosis. This study tested whether two cognitive biases - Selective Attention to Threat (ATB) and External Attribution Bias (EAB) - account for the association between loneliness and PLEs. METHOD A convenience sample (n = 357) of middle-aged and older adults (aged 40+) was recruited online from the UK population. The parallel mediation model with two the aforementioned cognitive biases as mediators was tested. RESULTS A mediation effect between loneliness and PLEs via ATB (ab1 = 0.441, 95% CI = [0.264, 0.646]) and EAB (ab2 = 0.354, 95% CI [0.124, 0.627] was established. This model remained significant after controlling for the current symptoms of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION Greater loneliness was associated with a higher rate of PLEs in the sample of middle-aged and older adults. This association was fully explained by ATB and EAB, independent of the current symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Lucjan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Older Adult Mental Health Service, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Timothy Bird
- School of Health and Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Murray
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Older Adult Mental Health Service, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Angus Lorimer
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Older Adult Mental Health Service, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
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Vasan S, Lim MH, Eikelis N, Lambert E. Investigating the relationship between early cardiovascular disease markers and loneliness in young adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14221. [PMID: 38902298 PMCID: PMC11190220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is recognised as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease development. However, it is unclear whether loneliness itself or other closely related mental health symptoms, such as depression and social anxiety, are associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we examined the relationship between loneliness and several early cardiovascular disease markers in young adults, after controlling for depression and social anxiety. Sixty-six young adults (18-35 years old, Mage = 22.70; 75.8% females) completed psychological questionnaires and took part in several physiological tests assessing cardiovascular health (e.g., vascular function). Results revealed higher loneliness was significantly associated with shorter pulse transit time (β = - 0.70, p = 0.002; shorter pulse transit time is a subclinical marker for arterial stiffness). Additionally, results show that while loneliness and depression were both related to vascular dysfunction in young adults, the underlining physiological mechanisms through which they affect vascular function may be different. Specifically, higher loneliness was associated with increased arterial stiffness, whereas depression was associated with increased endothelial dysfunction (β = - 0.43, p = 0.04). Our findings indicate that presence of loneliness and depression in young adults may be accompanied by early indicators of poor cardiovascular health, such as arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. Results from the study further support the link between loneliness and cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Vasan
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, 3122, Australia.
- Department of Mental Health Services, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Michelle H Lim
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, 3122, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nina Eikelis
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, 3122, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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Oliva V, Roberto N, Andreo-Jover J, Bobes T, Canal Rivero M, Cebriá A, Crespo-Facorro B, de la Torre-Luque A, Díaz-Marsá M, Elices M, Fernández-Rodrigues V, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Palao Tarrero A, Pérez-Diez I, Rodríguez-Vega B, Ruiz-Veguilla M, Saiz PA, Seijo-Zazo E, Toll-Privat A, McIntyre RS, Vieta E, Grande I, Pérez-Solà V. Anxious and depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in a cohort of people who recently attempted suicide: A network analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:210-219. [PMID: 38548208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is an international health concern with immeasurable impact from the perspective of human and social suffering. Prior suicide attempts, anxious and depressive symptoms, and relatively lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are among the most replicated risk factors for suicide. Our goal was to visualize the distribution of these features and their interconnections with use of a network analysis approach in individuals who recently attempted suicide. METHODS Individuals with a recent suicide attempt were recruited from nine University Hospitals across Spain as part of the SURVIVE cohort study. Anxious and depressive symptoms, and perceived HRQoL were included in the network analysis. Network structures were estimated with the EBICglasso model. Centrality measures and bridge symptoms connecting communities were explored. Subnetworks comparing younger and older individuals, and women and men were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 1106 individuals with a recent suicide attempt were included. Depressed mood was the symptom with the greatest influence in the overall network, followed by anxiety symptoms such as feeling nervous, worrying, restless, and having difficulties to relax. Perceived general health was associated with increased suicidal ideation in the whole sample. Older people showed a specific connection between perceived general health and depressed mood. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design does not allow determination of established causality. CONCLUSIONS Depressed mood was the core network's symptom and, therefore, an important target in the management and prevention of suicide. HRQoL had more influence on the network of older populations, in which it should be a primary focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Oliva
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Natalia Roberto
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Andreo-Jover
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid 2, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Bobes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Spain; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Canal Rivero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Virgen del Rocio de Sevilla, Spain; IBIS, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anabel Cebriá
- Mental Health Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Area, Institut d'Investigació I Innovació ParcTaulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Virgen del Rocio de Sevilla, Spain; IBIS, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Díaz-Marsá
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Elices
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addicions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Gonzalez-Pinto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Araba-Santiago, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Bioaraba, Universidad del País Vasco, Spain
| | - Angela Palao Tarrero
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid 2, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Pérez-Diez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Vega
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid 2, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Virgen del Rocio de Sevilla, Spain; IBIS, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar A Saiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Spain; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elisa Seijo-Zazo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Spain; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alba Toll-Privat
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addicions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON M5S 1M2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Iria Grande
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor Pérez-Solà
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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Wang H, Hou Y, Chen J, Yang X, Wang Y. The Association between Discrepancies in Parental Emotional Expressivity, Adolescent Loneliness and Depression: A Multi-Informant Study Using Response Surface Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02033-3. [PMID: 38864953 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Incongruent perceptions of parental emotional expressivity between parents and adolescents may signify relational challenges, potentially impacting adolescents' socioemotional adjustment. Direct evidence is still lacking and father-adolescent discrepancies are overlooked. This study employed a multi-informant design to investigate whether both mother-adolescent and father-adolescent discrepancies in perceptions of parental expressivity are related to adolescents' mental well-being, specifically focusing on loneliness and depression. Analyzing data from 681 families (mean age of adolescents = 15.5 years old, 51.2% girls, 40% only-children) in China revealed that adolescents tended to perceive paternal and maternal emotional expressivity more negatively than their parents, particularly fathers. Polynomial regression and response surface analysis showed significant links between parent-adolescent congruence and incongruence and adolescent loneliness. (In)Congruence between adolescents and mothers or fathers predicted later adolescent depression, mediated by adolescent loneliness and varied by the dimension of emotional expressivity. These findings provide insights into the roles of mothers' and fathers' emotional expressivity in shaping children's mental well-being during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third People's Hospital of Maoming, Maoming, China
| | - Yiran Hou
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xueling Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - You Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Psychiatric Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Qingzhi Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Sánchez BLP, Serrano‐Dueñas M, Panta DAM, Vásquez JAM. Abuse and other factors related to depression in older Ecuadorian adults. Aging Med (Milton) 2024; 7:328-333. [PMID: 38975313 PMCID: PMC11222729 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify abuse and other risk factors associated with depression in older Ecuadorian adults using data from the 2012 Ecuador's Survey of Health, Welfare, and Aging (SABE). Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2012 SABE survey, which included 5235 adults aged 60 and above. The study evaluated residence, education level, ethnic self-identification, self-perceived health and memory, loneliness, cognitive status, and abuse. Depression was assessed using the Yesavage Depression Scale, short version (YDS-SV). Categorical variables were analyzed with the Chi-square test, differences between groups were calculated with the Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean age was 71.39 ± 8.59 years and 55.10% of the sample were women. Abuse was absent in 72.1% (3.773) of the population. The Chi-square test indicated significant associations between depression and poor self-reported health (P = 0.000) and indigenous ethnicity (P = 0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (P < 0.001), abuse (p < 0.001), cognitive status (P = 0.002), and living alone (P = 0.034) significantly contributed to mood as assessed by the YDS-SV. No statistically significant association was found for perceived health status or place of residence (urban or rural). Conclusions Risk factors associated with depression in older Ecuadorian adults include advanced age, living alone, cognitive decline, poor self-perception of health and cognition, and abuse.
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Fonseca L, Castro L, Rêgo G, Nunes R. Multidimensional Study of the Attitude towards Euthanasia of Older Adults with Mixed Anxiety-Depressive Disorder. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1078. [PMID: 38891153 PMCID: PMC11171529 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to verify if older adults with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder are more prone to euthanasia and identify factors that interfere with their satisfaction with health and capacity for well-informed decisions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study applied a paper questionnaire composed of a sociodemographic section and a battery of scales (to assess depression, anxiety, cognitive performance, suicide risk, therapeutic adhesion, functionality, loneliness, attitude towards euthanasia, decision pattern, personality, empathy, and health status) in the Psychogeriatric Unity of Senhora da Oliveira Hospital in Portugal. The sample was collected by convenience to include patients and controls of the same age. Six months later, a reassessment was performed. Patients and controls were compared using descriptive statistics and a multiple-regression model. RESULTS A total of 114 patients and 25 controls were included. Eighty-one point six percent of patients had four or fewer years of schooling. Contrary to controls, they presented mild depressive and anxiety symptoms, loneliness feelings, worse cognitive performance, a more fragile personality, higher personal distress, and a poorer health state. No statistically significant differences were found between controls and patients regarding their attitudes towards euthanasia. Patients more favourable to euthanasia had higher empathic concern, conscientiousness, and fantasy, and lower personal distress. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION When addressing euthanasia in these patients, it is crucial to ensure they are fully self-determinate and that all the necessary treatment and support are available. It may not be the case when the educational level is low and a mild disease persists, significantly affecting their well-being and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Fonseca
- Bioethics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (G.R.); (R.N.)
- Psychogeriatrics Unity, Psychiatry Department, Senhora da Oliveira Hospital Guimarães, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luísa Castro
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decisions Sciences, MEDICIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS@RISE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilhermina Rêgo
- Bioethics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (G.R.); (R.N.)
| | - Rui Nunes
- Bioethics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (G.R.); (R.N.)
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Sease TB, Sandoz EK, Yoke L, Swets JA, Cox CR. Loneliness and Relationship Well-Being: Investigating the Mediating Roles of Relationship Awareness and Distraction among Romantic Partners. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:439. [PMID: 38920770 PMCID: PMC11200782 DOI: 10.3390/bs14060439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Loneliness arises when there is a discrepancy between one's desired and actual social connection with others. Studies examining the effects of loneliness in romantic relationships show that people who are lonely are less satisfied and committed to their romantic relationships. The present study explored the association between loneliness and romantic relationship well-being. Using a cross-sectional design, loneliness was correlated with relationship commitment, trust, and conflict. Relationship awareness, but not relationship distraction, statistically mediated the association between loneliness, relationship conflict, and relationship trust. The indirect effect of loneliness on relationship well-being was only present in people reporting low and medium levels of psychological inflexibility. Implications are discussed for acceptance- and mindfulness-based interventions for persons in romantic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Sease
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA;
| | - Emily K. Sandoz
- Psychology Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA;
| | - Leo Yoke
- San Fransico Center for Compassion Focused Therapies, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA;
| | - Julie A. Swets
- Eastern Washington University at Bellevue College, Bellevue, WA 98007, USA;
| | - Cathy R. Cox
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA;
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Barton S, Zovko A, Müller C, Krabichler Q, Schulze J, Wagner S, Grinevich V, Shamay-Tsoory S, Hurlemann R. A translational neuroscience perspective on loneliness: Narrative review focusing on social interaction, illness and oxytocin. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105734. [PMID: 38796125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
This review addresses key findings on loneliness from the social, neurobiological and clinical fields. From a translational perspective, results from studies in humans and animals are included, with a focus on social interaction, mental and physical illness and the role of oxytocin in loneliness. In terms of social interactions, lonely individuals tend to exhibit a range of abnormal behaviors based on dysfunctional social cognitions that make it difficult for them to form meaningful relationships. Neurobiologically, a link has been established between loneliness and the hypothalamic peptide hormone oxytocin. Since social interactions and especially social touch regulate oxytocin signaling, lonely individuals may have an oxytocin imbalance, which in turn affects their health and well-being. Clinically, loneliness is a predictor of physical and mental illness and leads to increased morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that psychopathology is both a cause and a consequence of loneliness. The final section of this review summarizes the findings from social, neurobiological and clinical perspectives to present a new model of the complex construct of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Barton
- Dept. of Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Ana Zovko
- Dept. of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Christina Müller
- Dept. of Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Quirin Krabichler
- Dept. of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Janna Schulze
- Dept. of Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Shlomo Wagner
- Dep. of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Dept. of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Simone Shamay-Tsoory
- Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - René Hurlemann
- Dept. of Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany.
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14
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Hu J, Zhai M, Fu D, Duan Z, Chen X. Mediating role of loneliness and emotional disturbance in the association between childhood trauma and occupational burnout among nurses: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1394289. [PMID: 38827443 PMCID: PMC11140593 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1394289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The occupational burnout status of nurses in China warrants attention. Childhood trauma, loneliness, and emotional disturbance are significant predictors of this burnout, yet few studies have delved into the underlying mechanisms. This study seeks to explore the mediating pathway from childhood trauma to loneliness, emotional disturbance, and ultimately occupational burnout among nurses through a cross-sectional analysis. Method Data for the study were collected from Yunnan province, China, from 11 July to 26 July 2022. Key variables were measured using standardized scales: the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form for childhood trauma, the three-item loneliness scale for loneliness, the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire for emotional disturbance, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey for occupational burnout. Mediation modeling analysis was employed for data analysis to test the effect of loneliness and emotional disturbance on the association between childhood trauma and occupational burnout. Data analysis was conducted using AMOS and SPSS software. Results Loneliness and emotional disturbance fully mediated the association between childhood trauma and emotional exhaustion [indirect effect (95% CI) = 0.228 (0.196, 0.270)]. Loneliness and emotional disturbance partially mediated the association between childhood trauma [indirect effect (95% CI) = -0.020 (-0.039, 0.002)] and personal accomplishment or depersonalization [indirect effect (95% CI) = 0.221 (0.186, 0.255)]. Conclusion Childhood trauma could affect occupational burnout through loneliness and emotional disturbance among nurses. Preventive strategies could include protective interventions like treatment of loneliness and emotional disturbance, especially in nurses who experienced childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengxi Zhai
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Donghui Fu
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhizhou Duan
- Preventive Health Service, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiangfan Chen
- Department of Biobank, Nantong First People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Hamdan S, Guz T, Zalsman G. The Clinical Sequelae of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Loneliness, Depression, Excessive Alcohol Use, Social Media Addiction, and Risk for Suicide Ideation. Arch Suicide Res 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38756019 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2024.2345170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression, loneliness, and alcohol use disorder are associated with suicide ideation. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has challenged our social structures with social distancing and isolation policies implemented worldwide, severely restricting social interactions. Studies regarding the effects of the pandemic are starting to shed light on the harmful psychological effects of these policies. AIMS This study aims to identify whether the increase in suicidal ideation among college students (mostly young adults) during the pandemic was due to the known risk factors of loneliness, depression, alcohol use disorder, social media addiction, and other background variables. METHOD Nine hundred and eleven college students completed self-report questionnaires assessing suicidal risk, depressive symptoms, loneliness, excessive alcohol use, and social media use. RESULTS During the pandemic suicidal ideation was associated with loneliness (χ2 = 54.65, p < 0.001), depressive symptoms (χ2 = 110.82, p < 0.001), alcohol use disorder (χ2 = 10.02, P < 0.01) and social media addiction (χ2 = 13.73, P < 0.001). Being single [OR = 2.55; p < 0.01], and self-identifying as a non-heterosexual [OR = 2.55; p < 0.01] were found to constitute additional risk factors. LIMITATIONS The structural nature of quantitative self-report scales does not offer the flexibility of gaining a deeper understanding of causes, specific to particular circumstances that may lead participants to ideate on suicide, even briefly. CONCLUSIONS Social distancing and isolation policies during the COVID-19 pandemic constitute an additional factor in the risk for suicide ideation.
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16
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Xie L, Mo PKH, Wang Z, Tian X, Lau JTF. Men who have sex with men were more depressed than their counterparts because of lower social support and higher loneliness: A comparative survey among Chinese university students. J Affect Disord 2024; 353:11-18. [PMID: 38373515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor mental health is prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM), including MSM university students (MSMUS), causing a significant burden on their health and society. The study aimed to compare the difference in levels of depressive symptoms between Chinese MSMUS and non-MSMUS and test the mediating roles of social support and loneliness in the relationship between MSM status and depressive symptoms among male university students. METHODS From June to October 2018, a total of 305 MSMUS and 2447 non-MSMUS from two cities in Sichuan province (China) were investigated using questionnaires. RESULTS The proportion of depression in the MSMUS and non-MSMUS groups was 54.1 % and 36.4 %, respectively. MSM status, social support, and loneliness were all significantly associated with depressive symptoms among Chinese university students. Structural equation modelling showed that the association between MSM status and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by three indirect paths, including 1) via social support (mediated proportion = 19.4 %), 2) via loneliness (mediated proportion = 19.3 %), and 3) via social support and then loneliness (mediated proportion = 16.1 %). CONCLUSIONS Depression was prevalent among university students in China, especially MSMUS. The findings increased our understanding of the mediating roles of social support and loneliness in the link between MSM status and depressive symptoms among Chinese male university students, which have great implications for designing interventions to improve their mental health. LIMITATION The cross-sectional study design limited causal inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Xie
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Phoenix K H Mo
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zixin Wang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaobing Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong, China
| | - Joseph T F Lau
- Public Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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17
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Liu JM, Gao M, Zhang R, Wong NML, Wu J, Chan CCH, Lee TMC. A machine-learning approach to model risk and protective factors of vulnerability to depression. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:374-380. [PMID: 38772128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
There are multiple risk and protective factors for depression. The association between these factors with vulnerability to depression is unclear. Such knowledge is an important insight into assessing risk for developing depression for precision interventions. Based on the behavioral data of 496 participants (all unmarried and not cohabiting, with a college education level or above), we applied machine-learning approaches to model risk and protective factors in estimating depression and its symptoms. Then, we employed Random Forest to identify important factors which were then used to differentiate participants who had high risk of depression from those who had low risk. Results revealed that risk and protective factors could significantly estimate depression and depressive symptoms. Feature selection revealed four key factors including three risk factors (brooding, perceived loneliness, and perceived stress) and one protective factor (resilience). The classification model built by the four factors achieved an ROC-AUC score of 75.50% to classify the high- and low-risk groups, which was comparable to the classification performance based on all risk and protective factors (ROC-AUC = 77.83%). Based on the selected four factors, we generated a mood vulnerability index useful for identifying people's risk for depression. Our findings provide potential clinical insights for developing quick screening tools for mood disorders and potential targets for intervention programs designed to improve depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- June M Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengxia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruibin Zhang
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nichol M L Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingsong Wu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chetwyn C H Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Speyer LG, Murray AL, Kievit R. Investigating Moderation Effects at the Within-Person Level Using Intensive Longitudinal Data: A Two-Level Dynamic Structural Equation Modelling Approach in Mplus. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2024; 59:620-637. [PMID: 38356288 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2023.2288575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent technological advances have provided new opportunities for the collection of intensive longitudinal data. Using methods such as dynamic structural equation modeling, these data can provide new insights into moment-to-moment dynamics of psychological and behavioral processes. In intensive longitudinal data (t > 20), researchers often have theories that imply that factors that change from moment to moment within individuals act as moderators. For instance, a person's level of sleep deprivation may affect how much an external stressor affects mood. Here, we describe how researchers can implement, test, and interpret dynamically changing within-person moderation effects using two-level dynamic structural equation modeling as implemented in the structural equation modeling software Mplus. We illustrate the analysis of within-person moderation effects using an empirical example investigating whether changes in spending time online using social media affect the moment-to-moment effect of loneliness on depressive symptoms, and highlight avenues for future methodological development. We provide annotated Mplus code, enabling researchers to better isolate, estimate, and interpret the complexities of within-person interaction effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Gabriela Speyer
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Merdawati L, Lin HC, Wang YC, Lin KC, Huang HC. Factors associated with loneliness in middle-aged and older patients with breast cancer. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2024; 11:100444. [PMID: 38803818 PMCID: PMC11128717 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2024.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Loneliness is associated with adverse mental and physical health conditions and increased mortality. In this study, we identified significant factors associated with loneliness in middle-aged and older patients with breast cancer (BC). Methods For this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 200 patients (aged from 20 to 60 years) with BC from two hospitals in Indonesia through convenience sampling. Demographic characteristics, distress symptoms (Symptom Distress Scale), social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), frailty (Groningen Frailty Indicator), and loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale, version 3) were measured. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify significant factors associated with loneliness in our cohort. Results Loneliness risk was negatively correlated with social support but positively correlated with unemployment and frailty. Thus, the patients received a high level of social support (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-0.99) and had a low risk of severe loneliness. By contrast, patients who were unemployed (OR: 4.00; 95% CI: 1.65-9.66) and those who had frailty (OR: 5.79; 95% CI: 2.50-13.42) had an elevated risk of severe loneliness. Conclusions Unemployment, social support, and frailty may significantly influence the risk of loneliness in patients with BC. Early and regular assessments of loneliness should be integrated in the care of these patients. Suitable strategies aimed at increasing social support and mitigating frailty may benefit middle-aged and older patients with BC, particularly unemployed patients, by reducing their risk of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leni Merdawati
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Andalas, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Hui-Chen Lin
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Wang
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chia Lin
- Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Huang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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Sarman A, Çiftci N. Relationship between smartphone addiction, loneliness, and depression in adolescents: A correlational structural equation modeling study. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 76:150-159. [PMID: 38402746 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction, loneliness, and depression in adolescents. DESIGN AND METHODS This study was designed in a correlational-cross-sectional-descriptive model and was conducted with 1041 adolescents attending high schools in a provincial center in Eastern Turkey. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a personal information form, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version for Adolescents, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale. RESULTS The average scores for smartphone addiction were found to be higher among females, individuals with low academic success, and those with a high-income level. Similarly, the average scores for loneliness were higher among individuals residing in broken families and those with parents who have limited literacy. Additionally, the mean scores for depression were higher among individuals with low academic success and those with a high-income level. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between the duration of smartphone use and levels of smartphone addiction, loneliness, and depression. CONCLUSION Smartphone addiction, loneliness, and depression were found to be prevalent above the moderate level in adolescents. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between the depression and loneliness scores of adolescents. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Pediatric and school nurses should assess children's phone use. Nurses are well-positioned to establish a follow-up program aimed at monitoring adolescents' efforts in managing smartphone use, offering continuous support, and providing guidance when necessary. The implementation of such programs enables prompt intervention in addressing any arising issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Sarman
- Bingöl University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Campus 12000, Bingöl, Turkey.
| | - Necmettin Çiftci
- Muş Alparslan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Campus, Turkey.
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21
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Moran EK, Shapiro M, Culbreth AJ, Nepal S, Ben-Zeev D, Campbell A, Barch DM. Loneliness in the Daily Lives of People With Mood and Psychotic Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:557-566. [PMID: 38429937 PMCID: PMC11059807 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Loneliness, the subjective experience of feeling alone, is associated with physical and psychological impairments. While there is an extensive literature linking loneliness to psychopathology, limited work has examined loneliness in daily life in those with serious mental illness. We hypothesized that trait and momentary loneliness would be transdiagnostic and relate to symptoms and measures of daily functioning. STUDY DESIGN The current study utilized ecological momentary assessment and passive sensing to examine loneliness in those with schizophrenia (N = 59), bipolar disorder (N = 61), unipolar depression (N = 60), remitted unipolar depression (N = 51), and nonclinical comparisons (N = 82) to examine relationships of both trait and momentary loneliness to symptoms and social functioning in daily life. STUDY RESULTS Findings suggest that both trait and momentary loneliness are higher in those with psychopathology (F(4,284) = 28.00, P < .001, ηp2 = 0.27), and that loneliness significantly relates to social functioning beyond negative symptoms and depression (β = -0.44, t = 6.40, P < .001). Furthermore, passive sensing measures showed that greater movement (β = -0.56, t = -3.29, P = .02) and phone calls (β = -0.22, t = 12.79, P = .04), but not text messaging, were specifically related to decreased loneliness in daily life. Individuals higher in trait loneliness show stronger relationships between momentary loneliness and social context and emotions in everyday life. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide further evidence pointing to the importance of loneliness transdiagnostically and its strong relation to social functioning. Furthermore, we show that passive sensing technology can be used to measure behaviors related to loneliness in daily life that may point to potential treatment implications or early detection markers of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Moran
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Madelyn Shapiro
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adam J Culbreth
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Subigya Nepal
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Dror Ben-Zeev
- Department of Psychiatry, BRiTE Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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22
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Nkyi AK, Ninnoni JPK. Purpose in life, loneliness and depression among patients with substance use disorders in the psychiatric hospitals in Ghana. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299391. [PMID: 38635509 PMCID: PMC11025759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder is a global mental health issue. Purpose in life, Loneliness and depression are key indicators of poor mental health, and people with substance use disorder are more likely to experience low purpose in life, depression, and loneliness. This study aims to further the understanding of purpose in life, depression and loneliness among substance use disorders (SUD) patients in three hospitals in Ghana. It uses a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 425 SUD inpatients were screened. Beck Depression Inventory-II, the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Purpose in Life Test were utilised to measure depression, loneliness, and purpose in life respectively. Data were analysed using the SPSS version 23 for Windows. Data from 378 participants were collected for this study using a cross sectional survey design; after data cleaning, frequency tables (for categorical variables) and descriptive statistics (for continuous variables) were used to summarise the demographics and the three outcome variables depression, purpose in life, and loneliness. Our findings indicate that overall, participants are more likely to experience low sense of purpose in life, depression, and loneliness compared to the general population. There was no statistically significant relationship between depression and loneliness (r = 0.030, p = 0.567). There was a statistically significant negative relationship between depression and purpose in life (r = -0.514, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between purpose in life and loneliness (r = 0.147, p = 0.004). There was no gender difference in depression, purpose in life, and loneliness among SUDs patients in psychiatric hospitals. There were no significant differences in purpose in life, depression and loneliness based on marital status. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will inform policies and clinical practice regarding service provision for patients with SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kwabena Nkyi
- Department of Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Educational Foundation, College of Education Studies, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jerry Paul K. Ninnoni
- Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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23
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Haddadi Barzoki M. School belonging and depressive symptoms: the mediating roles of social inclusion and loneliness. Nord J Psychiatry 2024; 78:205-211. [PMID: 38247289 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2024.2304067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and depressive symptoms are prevalent among Finns. OBJECTIVES This study, which analyzes nationwide data from 149,986 students aged 13-18 years in Finland, focuses on the mediating effects of social inclusion and loneliness in the association between school belonging and depressive symptoms. METHOD AND RESULTS The analysis of variance showed that boys reported higher levels of school belonging and social inclusion, whereas girls reported higher levels of loneliness and depressive symptoms. Mediation analysis showed that social inclusion and loneliness partially mediated the effect of school belonging on depressive symptoms, but that social inclusion's effect was much greater than loneliness's. By focusing on the moderating role of sex, it was discovered that social inclusion significantly mediated depressive symptoms in girls more than boys. CONCLUSION The importance of social inclusion in preventing depressive symptoms was highlighted in the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Haddadi Barzoki
- Department of Social Sciences and Business Studies, University of Eastern Finland | UEF, Kuopio, Finland
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24
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Rodriguez AK, Akram S, Colverson AJ, Hack G, Golden TL, Sonke J. Arts Engagement as a Health Behavior: An Opportunity to Address Mental Health Inequities. COMMUNITY HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH & POLICY 2024; 44:315-322. [PMID: 37196338 DOI: 10.1177/2752535x231175072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The significance of mental health inequities globally is illustrated by higher rates of anxiety and depression amongst racial and ethnic minority populations as well as individuals of lower socioeconomic status. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated these pre-existing mental health inequities. With rising mental health concerns, arts engagement offers an accessible, equitable opportunity to combat mental health inequities and impact upstream determinants of health. As the field of public health continues to shift its focus toward social ecological strategies, the social ecological model of health offers an approach that prioritizes social and structural determinants of health. To capture the impacts of arts engagement, this paper creates an applied social ecological model of health while aiming to advocate that engaging in the arts is a protective and rehabilitative behavior for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Rodriguez
- University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Seher Akram
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron J Colverson
- University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Musicology/Ethnomusicology Program, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - George Hack
- University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tasha L Golden
- University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- International Arts + Mind Lab, Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jill Sonke
- University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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25
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Patarinski AGG, Smith GT, Davis HA. Eating disorder-related functional impairment predicts greater depressive symptoms across one semester of college. Eat Behav 2024; 53:101873. [PMID: 38579503 PMCID: PMC11144091 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Eating disorder (ED) behaviors and depression are associated with numerous negative outcomes, including lower quality of life and functional impairment. College women are at elevated risk for both. Prior research indicates ED behaviors, including binge eating, self-induced vomiting, and fasting, predict increases in future depressive symptoms. However, symptom heterogeneity in EDs is common, and all disordered eating, or its associated distress, cannot be captured by the endorsement of behaviors. Impairment that results from ED behaviors may be a comparable, or stronger, predictor of depressive symptoms. We sought to characterize the longitudinal relationship between ED-related functional impairment, ED behaviors, and depressive symptoms. College-aged women [N = 304; 72 % white, mean (SD) age = 18.45 (0.88)] completed an online survey in August (baseline), and then three months later in November (follow-up). Baseline ED-related functional impairment, but not baseline ED behaviors, significantly predicted depressive symptoms at follow-up, controlling for baseline depressive symptoms, negative affect, and body mass index. Findings indicate ED-related functional impairment is a risk factor for increases in depressive symptoms across one semester of college, irrespective of ED behavior engagement, weight status, and dispositional negative affect. Intervening upon ED-related functional impairment may reduce or prevent future depressive symptoms among college-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gabrielle G Patarinski
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Gregory T Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Heather A Davis
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
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26
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Narita Z, DeVylder J, Yamasaki S, Ando S, Endo K, Miyashita M, Yamaguchi S, Usami S, Stanyon D, Knowles G, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M, Furukawa TA, Kasai K, Nishida A. Uncovering associations between gender nonconformity, psychosocial factors, and mental health in adolescents: a birth cohort study. Psychol Med 2024; 54:921-930. [PMID: 37721216 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information is available on the association between gender nonconformity during adolescence and subsequent mental health. While the distress related to gender nonconformity may be socially produced rather than attributed to individual-level factors, further research is needed to better understand the role of psychosocial factors in this context. METHOD We analyzed data from the Tokyo Teen Cohort, obtained through random sampling of adolescents born between 2002 and 2004. We used inverse probability weighting to examine the association of gender nonconformity at ages 12 and 14 as a time-varying variable with subsequent mental health at age 16, while accounting for time-fixed and time-varying confounders. Furthermore, we used a weighting approach to investigate the mediating role of modifiable psychosocial factors in this association, addressing exposure-mediator and mediator-mediator interactions. RESULTS A total of 3171 participants were analyzed. Persistent gender nonconforming behavior at ages 12 and 14 was associated with subsequent depression (β = 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85 to 3.19) and psychotic experiences (β = 0.33, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.52) at age 16. The results remained robust in sensitivity analyses. Approximately 30% of the association between gender nonconformity and depression was consistently mediated by a set of psychosocial factors, namely loneliness, bullying victimization, and relationships with mother, father, and friends. CONCLUSIONS Persistent gender nonconformity during adolescence is associated with subsequent mental health. Psychosocial factors play a vital mediating role in this association, highlighting the essential need for social intervention and change to reduce stigmatization and ameliorate mental health challenges.
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Grants
- JP16H06395, 16H06398, 16H06399, 16K21720, 16K15566, 16H03745, 17H05931, 20H03951, 20H01777, JP20H03596, JP21H05171 and JP21H05173 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Narita
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jordan DeVylder
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, USA
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Endo
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Miyashita
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Usami
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Research and Development on Transition from Secondary to Higher Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Stanyon
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gemma Knowles
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Center for Society and Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa
- School of Advanced Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiaki A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine / School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), University of Tokyo Institutes of Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Liu N, Zhu S, Zhang W, Sun Y, Zhang X. The relationship between fear of missing out and mobile phone addiction among college students: the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of loneliness. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1374522. [PMID: 38584914 PMCID: PMC10995225 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1374522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile phone addiction has adverse influences on the physical and mental health of college students. However, few studies shed light on the effect of fear of missing out on mobile phone addiction and the underlying mechanisms among college students. Methods To explore their associations, the present study used the Fear of Missing Out Scales (FoMOS), Loneliness Scale (USL-8), Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale (MPAI), and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21) to investigate 750 college students. Results The results suggested that fear of missing out significantly positively predicted mobile phone addiction. This direct effect could be mediated by depression, and the indirect effect of fear of missing out on mobile phone addiction could be moderated by loneliness. Specifically, the indirect effect was stronger for students with high levels of loneliness. Conclusion This study provides a theoretical basis for developing future interventions for mobile phone addiction in higher education students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xinyao Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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28
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Kuusi T, Tervo-Niemelä K, Viertiö S. Factors associated with psychological distress of workers in the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:875. [PMID: 38515089 PMCID: PMC10956290 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The work of church employees contains many elements causing symptoms of stress and anxiety. They can lead into psychological distress and possibly indicate the beginning of a more serious psychological state. Women seem to be more disposed to psychological stress than men. We investigated factors contributing to psychological distress among women and men in four professions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (ELCF). METHODS A link to an electronic survey was sent to the members of respective trade unions of four professions of the ELCF, and we got responses from pastors (n = 241), church musicians (n = 92), diaconal workers (n = 85) and youth workers (n = 56). Psychological distress was assessed using the Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5; cut-off value ≤ 52 indicating severe distress). We used logistic regression to examine sociodemographic, health-related, and work-related factors that could potentially be associated with psychological distress. RESULTS We found severe psychological distress in all profession groups. Gender differences were scarce. Loneliness was the most important factor associated with psychological distress in both men and women (OR 14.01; 95% CI 2.68-73.25 and OR 7.84; 3.44-17.88, respectively), and among pastors and church musicians (OR 8.10; 2.83-23.16 and OR 24.36; 2.78-213.72, respectively). High mental strain of work was associated with distress in women (OR 2.45; 1.01-5.97). Good work satisfaction was a protective factor for men and women (OR 0.06; 95% CI 0.01-0.40 and OR 0.61; 0.18-0.40, respectively) and for pastors and church musicians (OR 0.22; 0.08-0.73 and OR 0.06; 0.01-0.43, respectively). For women, additional protective factors were being a pastor (OR 0.26; 0.07-0.95), or youth worker (OR 0.08; 0.01-0.48), and good self-reported health (OR 0.38; 0.18-0.82). CONCLUSION Even though we found some protective factors, the share of workers with severe distress was higher in all profession groups of the ELCF than in the general population. Loneliness was the strongest stressor among both genders and high mental strain among women. The result may reflect unconscious mental strain or subordination to the prevailing working conditions. More attention should be paid to the mental wellbeing and work conditions of church employees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Satu Viertiö
- The Department of Public Health and Welfare, The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Chen LJ, Steptoe A, Chien IC, Ku PW. Longitudinal association of social isolation and loneliness with physical function among in-patients living with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38506057 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: People living with schizophrenia have reduced physical function and are more likely to experience loneliness than those without condition. Low physical function is associated with greater loneliness in people with psychosis. However, it is unclear whether social isolation and loneliness contribute to impaired physical function in this population. Loneliness is linked to an increased risk of physical function impairment among older individuals, but research on patients living with schizophrenia is limited. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This study is the first to evaluate the longitudinal association of social isolation and loneliness with physical function among inpatients living with schizophrenia. It showed that more than one third of the participants experienced a decline in physical function over a 2-year period. Loneliness, rather than social isolation, was associated with an increase in physical function impairment over 2 years among inpatients living with schizophrenia. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Healthcare professionals should recognize loneliness as a potential risk factor for impaired physical function among inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia. It is recommended that people living with schizophrenia are assessed for loneliness and that interventions are offered to alleviate their feelings of loneliness. Implementing interventions to reduce loneliness may help improve physical function and overall quality of life for individuals living with schizophrenia. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Patients living with schizophrenia often experience low physical function, which is associated with negative health outcomes. Therefore, investigating the risk factors for physical function is crucial in this population. AIM This study examined the longitudinal association of social isolation and loneliness with physical function among inpatients living with schizophrenia. METHODS Physical function was assessed using measures of activities daily living (ADL), instrumental activities daily living (IADL) and the combination scores of ADL/IADL. Social isolation was indexed with five types of social connection and loneliness was measured using UCLA Loneliness Scale. RESULTS Social isolation was not associated with the measures of physical function over 2 years. Loneliness exhibited an association with IADL and ADL/IADL at follow-up, after adjustment for baseline levels of the outcomes. These associations remained when both social isolation and loneliness were simultaneously entered into the model. DISCUSSION Loneliness, rather than social isolation, was associated with increased physical function impairment over 2 years among inpatients living with schizophrenia. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Healthcare professionals should consider loneliness as a potential risk factor for impaired physical function. It would be beneficial to assess patients for loneliness and implement interventions to reduce feelings of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Chen
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - I-Chia Chien
- Center for the Development of Teaching and Research, Bali Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- YuLi Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Ku
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
- Graduate Institute of Sports and Health Management, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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30
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Solis EC, Carlier IVE, Kamminga NGA, Giltay EJ, van Hemert AM. The clinical effectiveness of a self-management intervention for patients with persistent depressive disorder and their partners/caregivers: results from a multicenter, pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:187. [PMID: 38481289 PMCID: PMC10938802 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) is prevalent and debilitating. For patients with PDD, psychiatric rehabilitation using self-management interventions is advised as the next therapeutic step after multiple unsuccessful treatment attempts. The "Patient and Partner Education Program for All Chronic Diseases" (PPEP4All) is a brief, structured self-management program that focuses on functional recovery for patients and their partners/caregivers. In chronic somatic disorder populations, PPEP4All has already been shown to be clinically effective. We examined whether PPEP4All adapted for PDD (PPEP4All-PDD, nine weekly group or individual sessions) is also clinically effective for adults/elderly with PDD and their partners/caregivers compared to care-as-usual (CAU) in specialized mental healthcare. METHODS In this mixed-method multicenter pragmatic randomized controlled trial, 70 patients with PDD and 14 partners/caregivers were allocated to either PPEP4All-PDD (patients, n = 37; partners/caregivers, n = 14) or CAU (patients, n = 33; partners/caregivers, not included) and completed questionnaires at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months regarding depressive symptoms, psychopathology, psychosocial burden, mental resilience, and happiness/well-being. Qualitative data were collected regarding treatment satisfaction. Data were analyzed using mixed model analyses and an intention-to-treat (ITT) approach. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in any outcome regarding clinical effectiveness between PPEP4All-PDD and CAU. Subgroup analysis for depressive symptoms did not show any interaction effect for any subgroup. Although 78% of participants recommended PPEP4All-PDD, there was no difference in treatment satisfaction between PPEP4All-PDD (score = 6.6; SD = 1.7) and CAU (score = 7.6; SD = 1.2), p = 0.06. CONCLUSION Although depressive symptoms did not improve relative to CAU, this only confirmed that treatment for patients with treatment-resistant PDD should move from symptom reduction to functional recovery. Also, functional recovery may be reflected in other outcomes than psychosocial burden, such as self-empowerment, in patients with treatment-resistant PDD. Future research on PPEP4All-PDD could focus on a longer-term program and/or online program that may also be offered earlier in the treatment process as an empowerment intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register Identifier NL5818. Registered on 20 July 2016 https://clinicaltrialregister.nl/nl/trial/20302.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka C Solis
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands.
| | - Ingrid V E Carlier
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands
| | - Noëlle G A Kamminga
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J Giltay
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands
| | - Albert M van Hemert
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands
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31
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Kim C, Chun J. "Meaning in Life" Mediates the Relationship between Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:584. [PMID: 38470695 PMCID: PMC10930687 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness was found to be a commonly experienced feeling among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and is considered to be a high-risk factor for depressive symptoms. Maintaining meaning in life has been found to be a protective resource for mental health among older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of an individual's meaning in life in the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms among older Korean adults. METHODS The data were obtained from a sample of 213 community-dwelling older adults aged over 65. The instruments were the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. RESULTS Loneliness was positively associated with depressive symptoms and negatively associated with the presence of and search for meaning among older adults. The presence of meaning mediated the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms but the search for meaning did not. The search for meaning mediated the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms through the presence of meaning. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings suggest that efforts to reduce loneliness and improve meaning in life should be undertaken to prevent depressive symptoms among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhee Kim
- Department of Nursing, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Uichang-gu, Changwon-si 51140, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jiyoung Chun
- College of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
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32
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Shankar A, Ravi C. Loneliness Among Older Indian Workers: Findings From the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:293-301. [PMID: 37862794 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231206890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of adults aged 60 years and over who work is growing. However, there has been relatively limited research assessing the determinants of wellbeing in this cohort. Given the known relationship between loneliness and socioeconomic disadvantage, the present analysis assessed the role of working conditions and food security on loneliness among employed Indians aged 60 years and over (N = 9035), using data from wave 1 of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India. Just over 11% of participants reported being lonely most or all of the time. Food insecurity and work that involved exposure to unpleasant conditions was associated with increased loneliness, while work requiring more mental effort was associated with lower loneliness. Policies that ensure skills training to support job transitions for older adults working in unpleasant conditions, and greater food security in later life are important to ensure wellbeing in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shankar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, FLAME University, Pune, India
| | - Chaitanya Ravi
- Department of Social Sciences, FLAME University, Pune, India
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33
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Dworschak C, Heim E, Kuhn N, Schwager J, Tröster A, Maercker A. User-centered development of an internet-based CBT intervention for the treatment of loneliness in older individuals. Internet Interv 2024; 35:100720. [PMID: 38328277 PMCID: PMC10847952 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2024.100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Loneliness is a widespread phenomenon associated with a number of negative health outcomes. Older individuals may constitute one important target group with a need for effective interventions. However, despite evidence showing that addressing maladaptive social cognition (e.g., via cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]) is the most effective intervention strategy for reducing loneliness, most existing programs aimed at older individuals do not use that method. Further, in terms of mental health service use, older individuals have been found to be an extremely undertreated population. When developing interventions, active involvement of end users in the development process is essential to increase later uptake. Objective The aim of the present study was to develop an internet-based CBT intervention for loneliness in older individuals (i.e., aged ≥65 years) applying a user-centered design. The present report provides an in-depth description of the development process. Methods Two phases of qualitative data collection were conducted in parallel with intervention development using a sample of N = 12 participants including both potential end users (i.e., older adults) as well as experts (i.e., psychotherapists). Measures included semi-structured interviews and usability testing. Results In Phase 1 interviews, participants indicated that they were predominantly positive about the idea of an internet-based program for loneliness targeting older individuals. Individualization and interactivity were named as crucial features. In Phase 2, usability testing of a prototype program provided important insights into technical barriers to intervention use. Further, participants reported that they were missing content on philosophy/theology and the role of descendants/relatives. Valuable insights from Phase 1 and Phase 2 were incorporated into the intervention program resulting in a 7-module internet-based self-help CBT intervention. Discussion Findings of this study highlight the significance of including relevant stakeholders in the development process of an intervention. Additionally, results emphasize the high acceptance of internet-based interventions in this population, but also underline the need for considering age-specific aspects when developing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Dworschak
- University of Zurich, Department of Psychology, Binzmühlestrasse 14/17, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Heim
- University of Lausanne, Department of Psychology, Quartier UNIL-Mouline, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Kuhn
- University of Zurich, Department of Psychology, Binzmühlestrasse 14/17, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Schwager
- University of Zurich, Department of Psychology, Binzmühlestrasse 14/17, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Tröster
- University of Zurich, Department of Psychology, Binzmühlestrasse 14/17, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Maercker
- University of Zurich, Department of Psychology, Binzmühlestrasse 14/17, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Qiu J, Bi Y, Pang J, Zhang N, Sun F, He Y, Zou Y, Wan X, Liu L, Zhang Y. Relationship between family function, self-perceived burden and loneliness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-lagged analysis. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:381-388. [PMID: 37991562 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the inter-predictive role and causal relationship between family functioning, self-perceived burden and loneliness in people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this study, patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to two tertiary care hospitals in China were selected for an 8-month follow-up, and the patients' scores on the Family Functioning, Self-perceived Burden, and Loneliness scales were measured repeatedly at three time periods: during hospitalisation (T1), 1 month after discharge (T2), and 3 months after discharge (T3). RESULTS The results showed that family function at the T1 time point had a negative predictive effect on self-perceived burden at the T2 time point, β = - 0.43, P = 0.005. Loneliness at the T1 time point had a positive predictive effect on self-perceived burden at the T2 time point, β = 0.08, P = 0.021. Unlike the pathway at time point T1, family functioning at time point T2 negatively predicted loneliness at time point T3, β = - 0.32, P = 0.013. Loneliness at time point T2 positively predicted family functioning at time point T3, β = 0.025, P = 0.013. Loneliness at time point T2 negatively predicted self-perceived burden at time point T3 (P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The results of the cross-lagged analysis show that there is a mutually predictive and moderating relationship between family functioning and loneliness in patients with type 2 diabetes. Loneliness can predict the level of self-perceived burden at the next time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Qiu
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yaxin Bi
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juan Pang
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fenfen Sun
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuyin He
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Zou
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wan
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, China.
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Sun HL, Zhang Q, Si TL, Bai W, Chen P, Lam MI, Lok KI, Su Z, Cheung T, Ungvari GS, Jackson T, Sha S, Xiang YT. Interactive changes in depression and loneliness symptoms prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal network analysis. Psychiatry Res 2024; 333:115744. [PMID: 38301287 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression and loneliness co-occur frequently. This study examined interactive changes between depression and loneliness among older adults prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic from a longitudinal network perspective. METHODS This network study was based on data from three waves (2016-2017, 2018-2019, and 2020) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Depression and loneliness were measured with the eight-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-8) and three item version of the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, respectively. A network model was constructed using an Ising Model while network differences were assessed using a Network Comparison Test. Central symptoms were identified via Expected Influence (EI). RESULTS A total of 4,293 older adults were included in this study. The prevalence and network of depression and loneliness did not change significantly between the baseline and pre-pandemic assessments but increased significantly from the pre-pandemic assessment to during COVID-19 assessment. The central symptom with the strongest increase from pre-pandemic to pandemic assessments was "Inability to get going" (CESD8) and the edge with the highest increase across depression-loneliness symptom communities was "Lack companionship" (UCLA1) - "Inability to get going" (CESD8). Finally, "Feeling depressed" (CESD1) and "Everything was an effort" (CESD2) were the most central symptoms over the three assessment periods. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with significant changes in the depression-loneliness network model. The most changed symptoms and edges could be treatment targets for reducing the risk of depression and loneliness in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Li Sun
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qinge Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Leong Si
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Mei Ieng Lam
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ka-In Lok
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Sha Sha
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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Barr HK, Guggenbickler AM, Hoch JS, Dewa CS. Examining evidence for a relationship between human-animal interactions and common mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic literature review. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2024; 4:1321293. [PMID: 38385049 PMCID: PMC10879592 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2024.1321293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 lockdowns, shelter in place, closures of transportation and mental health services, and dearth of mental health providers created new barriers to obtaining support for mental health needs at a time of increased rates of anxiety and depression. During the pandemic, a record number of households owned and adopted pets, opening a potential avenue to investigate the relationship between pets and mental health. This systematic literature review examined the question: What is the evidence for a relationship between human-animal interaction and/or animal ownership and common mental disorders among adults who interacted with pets compared to adults who did not during the COVID-19 pandemic? Methods To address this question, four databases were searched: Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and SCOPUS for peer-reviewed literature published between 2020 and July 2023. Of the 1,746 articles identified by the searches, 21 studies were included in this review. Results Results suggest that there exists a relationship between animal ownership and strong pet attachment and pet interaction, though the directionality of the relationship was not investigated by the included studies. There was an association between having a stronger relationship with a pet and lower feelings of depression and other mental health symptoms. There was also evidence of an association between anxiety and higher levels of animal attachment. Conclusion Understanding the association between human-animal interaction and common mental disorders may be helpful to clinicians assessing the mental health of clients. Clinicians may glean additional insight about stressors, risk factors, social supports, and lifestyle of clients based on the client's status as a pet owner. Future research could further explore the direction of the causal relationship of human-animal interaction and/or animal ownership on common mental disorders; this could further inform how the HAI relationship can be used to support clients with mental health struggles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. K. Barr
- Graduate Group in Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - A. M. Guggenbickler
- Graduate Group in Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - J. S. Hoch
- Division of Health Policy and Management, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - C. S. Dewa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Accardo AL, Pontes NMH, Pontes MCF. Heightened Anxiety and Depression Among Autistic Adolescents with ADHD: Findings From the National Survey of Children's Health 2016-2019. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:563-576. [PMID: 36327018 PMCID: PMC9630808 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Data from the National Survey of Children's Health 2016-2019 was used to examine the co-occurrence of autism and ADHD and the impact on anxiety and depression among adolescents age 12-17. Rates of anxiety and depression were up to ten-fold the prevalence of adolescents not diagnosed with autism or ADHD. Over half of autistic females (57%) and nearly half of autistic males (49%) are also diagnosed with ADHD. Autistic females with ADHD had the highest co-occurrence of anxiety at 72% followed by autistic males with ADHD at 69%. The prevalence of depression was highest among autistic adolescents with ADHD yet was consistent across genders (male/female) at 38-39%. Adolescents diagnosed with autism and/or ADHD are at heightened risk for anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Accardo
- College of Education, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA
| | - Nancy M. H. Pontes
- School of Nursing, Rutgers University, 530 Federal Street, Camden, NJ 08102 USA
| | - Manuel C. F. Pontes
- Rowan University, Rohrer College of Business, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA
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Grygiel P, Dolata R, Humenny G, Muszyński M. Depressive symptoms and loneliness among early adolescents: a psychometric network analysis approach. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:199-214. [PMID: 37550521 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrate a high prevalence of depression and loneliness among adolescents. Although they often co-occur, the relationship between symptoms of depression and loneliness remains poorly understood. This study investigates: (a) the symptoms of depression that are connected to loneliness; (b) the role played by loneliness in the network of depression symptoms; and (c) whether the method used to measure loneliness (single-item direct or multi-item indirect) affects the relationship of loneliness with depressive symptoms. METHODS Participants were 496 Polish adolescents (50.8% girls) aged 11 to 13, who completed: (a) the 10-item Major Depressive Disorder subscale of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale; (b) the 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (indirect loneliness), and (c) a single direct question evaluating loneliness: 'I'm lonely'. Networks were estimated using a Gaussian Graphical Model. RESULTS Loneliness shows a direct relationship with three affective symptoms of depression: sadness, worthlessness, and anhedonia, which mediate relationships with somatic symptoms. In contrast to previous studies, loneliness has the lowest level of centrality among all elements of the network. The method used to assess loneliness did not significantly affect the connections between loneliness and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness and depression overlap since they are formed by the same cognitive biases and deficits in emotion regulation but differ in the level of generality. In loneliness, they have an interpersonal context, while symptoms of depression can be intrapersonal. This helps us to understand why cognitive interventions, as compared to those which are social, are more effective in reducing loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marek Muszyński
- Institute of Philosophy and Sociology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Rodman AM, Rosen ML, Kasparek SW, Mayes M, Lengua L, Meltzoff AN, McLaughlin KA. Social experiences and youth psychopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:366-378. [PMID: 36503551 PMCID: PMC10258229 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated stay-at-home orders resulted in a stark reduction in daily social interactions for children and adolescents. Given that peer relationships are especially important during this developmental stage, it is crucial to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social behavior and risk for psychopathology in children and adolescents. In a longitudinal sample (N=224) of children (7-10y) and adolescents (13-15y) assessed at three strategic time points (before the pandemic, during the initial stay-at-home order period, and six months later after the initial stay-at-home order period was lifted), we examine whether certain social factors protect against increases in stress-related psychopathology during the pandemic, controlling for pre-pandemic symptoms. Youth who reported less in-person and digital socialization, greater social isolation, and less social support had worsened psychopathology during the pandemic. Greater social isolation and decreased digital socialization during the pandemic were associated with greater risk for psychopathology after experiencing pandemic-related stressors. In addition, children, but not adolescents, who maintained some in-person socialization were less likely to develop internalizing symptoms following exposure to pandemic-related stressors. We identify social factors that promote well-being and resilience in youth during this societal event.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Makeda Mayes
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington-Seattle
| | - Liliana Lengua
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington-Seattle
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Stańczykiewicz B, Bogudzińska B, Kowalski K, Misiak B. The association between depression and the cortisol awakening response is moderated by loneliness in men from a non-clinical sample. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 160:106924. [PMID: 38086318 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating cortisol levels in people with depression or depressive symptoms have provided mixed findings. It has been suggested that the difficulty to generalize findings across studies in this field might be related to interindividual variability in experiencing depressive symptoms in terms of clinical and social contexts. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to test the association of morning cortisol levels and depressive symptoms in a non-clinical sample of young men taking into consideration the level of perceived loneliness. We hypothesized that the level of loneliness might moderate the association between morning cortisol levels and depressive symptoms. A total of 102 participants (aged 29.9 ± 5.0 years) completed questionnaires measuring the levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, and loneliness. Cortisol levels were determined in four morning samples of saliva. There were significant positive correlations of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and the mean increase in cortisol levels during the measurement period (MnInc) with the levels of depressive symptoms and loneliness. Moreover, a significant association of the depressive symptoms by loneliness interaction with the CAR and the MnInc was found. Specifically, the correlation of depressive symptoms with the CAR and the MnInc appeared to be significant and negative at high levels of loneliness. No significant association between depressive symptoms and the CAR was observed in men with low levels of loneliness. There were no significant associations of depressive symptoms, loneliness and the depressive symptoms by loneliness interaction with cortisol levels at awakening. In conclusion, findings from the present study indicate the importance of social contexts in understanding the association between altered activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and depressive symptoms in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Stańczykiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Bogna Bogudzińska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kowalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Ghanayem LK, Shannon H, Khodr L, McQuaid RJ, Hellemans KG. Lonely and scrolling during the COVID-19 pandemic: understanding the problematic social media use and mental health link among university students. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1247807. [PMID: 38356913 PMCID: PMC10864490 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1247807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Undergraduate university students experienced many academic and non-academic stressors during the first year of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, putting them at a greater risk of negative mental health outcomes. Reports worldwide have shown high incidences of depressive, anxiety, and stress scores among university students at the beginning of the pandemic. Emerging evidence also suggests that to cope with the stress and loneliness of the pandemic, many youth and young adults increased the amount of time they spent on social media platforms. Methods Undergraduate students participated in an online study aimed to understand the link between time spent on social media, coping through the use of social media and problematic social media use (PSMU) with mental health symptoms, such as stress, depression, anxiety, and loneliness, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results While time spent on social media was only weakly associated with stress, depression, anxiety and loneliness scores, PSMU more strongly mapped onto these outcomes. Additionally, students who were coping highly using social media displayed elevated stress, depression, anxiety and loneliness levels in comparison to those reporting low levels of coping with social media. Finally, students who reported high levels of coping using social media displayed higher PSMU scores, with this relationship appearing more pronounced in students who had higher levels of loneliness. Conclusion These data support evidence that it is not necessarily time spent on social media but rather PSMU that is relevant for mental health symptoms, and that PSMU is exacerbated by loneliness. Moreover, the current results highlight the effects of maladaptive coping on mental health symptoms and PSMU among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen K. Ghanayem
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Holly Shannon
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lida Khodr
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robyn J. McQuaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Ellis A, Stanton SCE, Hawkins RD, Loughnan S. The Link between the Nature of the Human-Companion Animal Relationship and Well-Being Outcomes in Companion Animal Owners. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:441. [PMID: 38338084 PMCID: PMC10854534 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Research into the impact of companion animals on well-being has been both extensive and inconclusive, with studies finding both positive and negative relationships. The present research explored three previously unexamined relationship science concepts that may help clarify whether companion animals provide well-being benefits: self-expansion (the process of adding positive content to the self through incorporating new resources and perspectives into one's identity or engaging in novel, exciting activities), perceived pet responsiveness, and perceived pet insensitivity; as well as attachment. We focused on dog and cat owners' depression, anxiety, positive and negative affect, and loneliness through an online survey with a large sample population (N = 1359). We found that perceived pet insensitivity is a significant positive predictor of depression, anxiety, negative affect, and loneliness; that attachment is a significant positive predictor of depression, anxiety, and loneliness, and a significant negative predictor of positive affect; and that self-expansion is a significant positive predictor of positive affect, and a significant negative predictor of loneliness. Loneliness emerged as a mediator in the relationship between perceived pet insensitivity, attachment, self-expansion, and all mental well-being outcome variables. These findings indicate that perceived pet insensitivity, attachment, and self-expansion may play an important yet neglected role in well-being outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalyse Ellis
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AD, UK; (S.C.E.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Sarah C. E. Stanton
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AD, UK; (S.C.E.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Roxanne D. Hawkins
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK;
| | - Steve Loughnan
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AD, UK; (S.C.E.S.); (S.L.)
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Walg M, Khatib A, Laufer A, Böttche M, Maoz-Dotan C, Hassan H, Hapfelmeier G, Finkelstein M. Post-migration stress, quality of life, and mental health among accompanied and unaccompanied young refugees in Germany: How do adolescents feel after fleeing? Stress Health 2024:e3378. [PMID: 38279696 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of post-migration living difficulties (PMLDs) and quality of life (QoL) on the mental health of 55 young refugees who arrived in Germany either accompanied or unaccompanied. The results reveal that nearly 62% of the participants exhibited clinically significant symptoms of depression or post-traumatic stress disorder. Regression analyses indicate that psychopathology was associated with being unaccompanied and experiencing lower QoL, while QoL was associated with higher economic status and lower PMLDs. Mediation analysis further demonstrates that higher economic status and reduced PMLDs were associated with higher QoL, which, in turn, correlated with lower levels of psychopathology. These findings emphasise the importance of considering PMLDs and QoL, as well as economic status and being accompanied/unaccompanied, in the assessment and treatment of young refugees in the host country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Walg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, SANA-Klinikum, Remscheid, Germany
| | - Anwar Khatib
- Department of Social Work, Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avital Laufer
- Behavioral Science, Netanya Academic College, Netanya, Israel
| | - Maria Böttche
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hiam Hassan
- Department of Social Work, Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel
| | - Gerhard Hapfelmeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, SANA-Klinikum, Remscheid, Germany
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Yeung RC, Danckert J, van Tilburg WAP, Fernandes MA. Disentangling boredom from depression using the phenomenology and content of involuntary autobiographical memories. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2106. [PMID: 38267475 PMCID: PMC10808106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent involuntary autobiographical memories (IAMs) are memories retrieved unintentionally and repetitively. We examined whether the phenomenology and content of recurrent IAMs could differentiate boredom and depression, both of which are characterized by affective dysregulation and spontaneous thought. Participants (n = 2484) described their most frequent IAM and rated its phenomenological properties (e.g., valence). Structural topic modeling, a method of unsupervised machine learning, identified coherent content within the described memories. Boredom proneness was positively correlated with depressive symptoms, and both boredom proneness and depressive symptoms were correlated with more negative recurrent IAMs. Boredom proneness predicted less vivid recurrent IAMs, whereas depressive symptoms predicted more vivid, negative, and emotionally intense ones. Memory content also diverged: topics such as relationship conflicts were positively predicted by depressive symptoms, but negatively predicted by boredom proneness. Phenomenology and content in recurrent IAMs can effectively disambiguate boredom proneness from depressive symptoms in a large sample of undergraduate students from a racially diverse university.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Yeung
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - James Danckert
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Myra A Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Li Z, Gu J, Li P, Hu J, Wang S, Wang P, Zhou L, Yun Y, Shi Y, Wang P. The relationship between social frailty and loneliness in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:73. [PMID: 38238657 PMCID: PMC10797967 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social frailty (SF) is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, yet there has been an inadequate focus on social frailty. The convoy model portrays the social networks through the perspective of the life course, thus providing a framework to explain the occurrence of social frailty. This study aimd to figure out the prevalence of social frailty and loneliness among community-dwelling older adults and to explore their correlations based on convoy model. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, and 295 older adults from 10 communities of Zhengzhou in Henan Province participated in the study. Social frailty and loneliness were assessed separately with the Social Frailty Scale and University of California at Los Angeles-Loneliness Scale. The scores of social frailty of the older adults in different characteristic communities were compared by independent sample t-test and single factor analysis of variance. The influencing factors of social frailty were analysed by multiple stepwise linear regression and the structural equation model. The correlation between social frailty and loneliness was analysed by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS The total scores of social frailty and loneliness of the older adults in the community were (2.09 ± 1.53) and (43.19 ± 8.91), respectively. There was a moderate positive correlation between social frailty and loneliness (r = 0.621, P < 0.01). The results of multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that age, living styles, balance of payments, and loneliness were the main influencing factors of the social frailty of older adults in the community (F = 27.180, P < 0.001). The structural equation model of social frailty fitted well (χ2 = 47.292, df = 26, χ2/df = 1.819, P = 0.007; RMSEA = 0.053, 95%CI (0.028, 0.076), P = 0.359; GFI = 0.971; AGFI = 0.939; NFI = 0.904; IFI = 0.955; TLI = 0.918; CFI = 0.953; SRMR = 0.0466). CONCLUSIONS The convoy model had certain applicability in explanation of the relationship between loneliness and social frailty among older adults in community. The incidence of social frailty among the older adults in the community was high, and loneliness was at a medium level. It is necessary to strengthen the intervention of social frailty and loneliness of the older adults in the community, improve the quality of life of the older adults, and promote the development of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Li
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Gu
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peiling Li
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Nursing, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HongKong, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Henan Electric Power Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Yun
- Henan Electric Power Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Pang M, Wang J, Zhao M, Chen R, Liu H, Xu X, Li S, Kong F. The Migrant-Local Difference in the Relationship Between Social Support, Sleep Disturbance, and Loneliness Among Older Adults in China: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e49253. [PMID: 38194253 PMCID: PMC10806446 DOI: 10.2196/49253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Driven by the accelerated aging of the population of China, the number of older adults has increased rapidly in the country. Meanwhile, following children, migrant older adults (MOA) have emerged as a vulnerable group in the process of fast urbanization. Existed studies have illustrated the association between social support and loneliness and the relationship between sleep disturbance and loneliness; however, the underlying mechanisms and the migrant-local difference in the association between social support, sleep disturbance, and loneliness have not been identified. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify the migrant-local difference in the relationship between social support, sleep disturbance, and loneliness in older adults in China. METHODS Multistage cluster random sampling was used to select participants: 1205 older adults (n=613, 50.9%, MOA and n=592, 49.1%, local older adults [LOA]) were selected in Weifang City, China, in August 2021. Loneliness was assessed with the 6-item short-form University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, social support was evaluated with the Social Support Rating Scale, and sleep disturbance was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The chi-square test, t test, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were adopted to explore the migrant-local difference between social support, sleep disturbance, and loneliness among the MOA and LOA. RESULTS The mean score of loneliness was 8.58 (SD 3.03) for the MOA and 8.00 (SD 2.79) for the LOA. SEM analysis showed that social support exerts a direct negative effect on both sleep disturbance (standardized coefficient=-0.24 in the MOA and -0.20 in the LOA) and loneliness (standardized coefficient=-0.44 in the MOA and -0.40 in the LOA), while sleep disturbance generates a direct positive effect on loneliness (standardized coefficient=0.13 in the MOA and 0.22 in the LOA). CONCLUSIONS Both MOA and LOA have a low level of loneliness, but the MOA show higher loneliness than the LOA. There is a negative correlation between social support and loneliness as well as between social support and sleep disturbance among the MOA and LOA (MOA>LOA), while loneliness is positively associated with sleep disturbance in both populations (MOA
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Pang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Health and Elderly Care, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jieru Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Health and Elderly Care, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- Human Resource Department, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Health and Elderly Care, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Health and Elderly Care, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xixing Xu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Health and Elderly Care, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shixue Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Health and Elderly Care, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fanlei Kong
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Health and Elderly Care, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Wakabayashi H, Mori T, Nishioka S, Maeda K, Yoshimura Y, Iida Y, Shiraishi A, Fujiwara D. Psychological aspects of rehabilitation nutrition: A position paper by the Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Nutrition (secondary publication). J Gen Fam Med 2024; 25:1-9. [PMID: 38240004 PMCID: PMC10792333 DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological aspects of rehabilitation nutrition affect physical, cognitive, and social rehabilitation nutrition. When depression is recognized, not only pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, but also non-pharmacological therapies such as exercise, nutrition, psychosocial, and other interventions can be expected to improve depression. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and intervention without overlooking depression is important. Psychological aspects of preventive rehabilitation nutrition is also important because depression can be partially prevented by appropriate exercise and nutritional management. Even in the absence of psychological negatives, increasing more psychological positives from a positive psychology perspective can be useful for both patients and healthcare professionals. Positive rehabilitation nutrition interventions can increase more psychological positives, such as well-being, through cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness on their own, as well as through interventions on environmental factors. Consequently, physical, cognitive, and social positives are also expected to be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Wakabayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineTokyo Women's Medical University HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySouthern Tohoku General HospitalKoriyamaJapan
| | - Shinta Nishioka
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food ServiceNagasaki Rehabilitation HospitalNagasakiJapan
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- Nutrition Therapy Support CenterAichi Medical University HospitalNagoyaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshimura
- Center for Sarcopenia and Malnutrition ResearchKumamoto Rehabilitation HospitalKumamotoJapan
| | - Yuki Iida
- Department of Physical TherapyToyohashi SOZO University School of Health SciencesToyohashiJapan
| | - Ai Shiraishi
- Center for Sarcopenia and Malnutrition ResearchKumamoto Rehabilitation HospitalKumamotoJapan
| | - Dai Fujiwara
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineSaka General HospitalShiogamaJapan
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Chen Z, Song X, Lee TMC, Zhang R. The robust reciprocal relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms among the general population: Evidence from a quantitative analysis of 37 studies. J Affect Disord 2023; 343:119-128. [PMID: 37797753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness has long been associated with depressive symptoms, but there is no evidence on the question of "which comes first". To help us to answer this question, this study conducted a meta-analysis using a cross-lagged formula to examine the reciprocal relations between loneliness and depressive symptoms, as well as potential moderators. METHODS The meta-analytic dataset consisted of 37 studies with sample sizes ranging from 52 to 5991. Effect sizes (including autoregressive effects and lagged coefficients) were included. We computed weighted mean effect sizes for the correlation effect and cross-lagged effect between loneliness and depressive symptoms. We also performed a meta-regression to investigate potential moderators. RESULTS The results showed that loneliness and depressive symptoms reciprocally predicted each other over time with similar effect sizes. There was no moderation of our overall effect size in either direction by time interval between measurements, the proportion of female participants, mean age of the sample, or type of measurement. LIMITATIONS Caution should be taken in drawing final conclusions about the relative strength of reciprocal effects between loneliness and depressive symptoms due to the potential influence of varied research focus in the included studies, which could affect the effect size. CONCLUSIONS These findings advance the study of the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms by providing evidence that the link between them is symmetrically reciprocal and robust, which may help clinicians to develop effective intervention methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Chen
- Cognitive control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Song
- Cognitive control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruibin Zhang
- Cognitive control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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49
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Jensen-Campbell LA, Liegey Dougall A, Heller AC, Iyer-Eimerbrink P, Bland MK, Hull K. Do Social Support and Loneliness Influence Emerging Adults' Mental Health during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic? Brain Sci 2023; 13:1691. [PMID: 38137139 PMCID: PMC10741457 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Youths' mental health is at a crisis level, with mental health problems doubling in the US since the pandemic began. To compound the mental health crisis, there is a global loneliness epidemic, with emerging adults worldwide experiencing some of the highest rates. One study with two phases examined the influence of social support and loneliness on mental health in US emerging adults during the pandemic, including changes in these relationships over one year. Emerging adults (N = 449) completed online questionnaires via Prolific in May 2020 (Phase 1) and again from January to May 2021 (N = 253; Phase 2). More perceived support was related to reduced loneliness, with family support having the most significant influence. Loneliness mediated the link between perceived support and adverse health outcomes. Higher loneliness predicted more perceived stress and sleep difficulties concurrently and over time. There was a bidirectional relationship between loneliness and depression, such that higher levels of either variable at Time 1 predicted increases in the other over time. Results highlight the detrimental impact of loneliness on emerging adults' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri A. Jensen-Campbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Angela Liegey Dougall
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Abigail C. Heller
- Department of Psychology, Belmont University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - Priya Iyer-Eimerbrink
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75241, USA;
| | - Michelle K. Bland
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Kristen Hull
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
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50
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Gouin J, de la Torre‐Luque A, Sánchez‐Carro Y, Geoffroy M, Essau C. Heterogeneity in the trajectories of psychological distress among late adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. JCPP ADVANCES 2023; 3:e12195. [PMID: 38054054 PMCID: PMC10694544 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has constrained opportunities in social, educational and professional domains, leading to developmental challenges for adolescents initiating their transition to adulthood. Meta-analysis indicated that there was a small increase in psychological distress during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, significant heterogeneity in the psychological response to the COVID-19 pandemic was noted. Developmental antecedents as well as social processes may account for such heterogeneity. The goal of this study was to characterize trajectories of psychological distress in late adolescence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods 5014 late adolescents born between 2000 and 2002 from the UK Millennium Cohort Study completed online self-reported assessments at three occasions during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020, September/October 2020 and February/March 2021). These surveys assessed psychological distress, loneliness, social support, family conflict, as well as other pandemic stressors. Information on developmental antecedents were obtained when cohort members were 17 years of age. Results Four distinct trajectories class were identified. Normative class (52.13%) experienced low and decreasing levels of psychological distress, while moderately increasing class (31.84%) experienced a small, but significant increase in distress over time and increasing class (8.75%) exhibited a larger increase in distress after the first wave of the pandemic. Inverted U-shaped class (7.29%) experienced elevated psychological distress during the first wave of the pandemic, followed by a decrease in distress in subsequent waves of the pandemic. Larger longitudinal increases in loneliness were noted among individuals in the elevated distress trajectory, compared to other trajectories. Pre-pandemic psychopathology was associated with elevated distress early in the pandemic. Conclusions The largest trajectory showed low and declining psychological distress, highlighting the resilience of the majority of late adolescents. However, a subgroup of adolescents experienced large increases in psychological distress, identifying a group of individuals more vulnerable to pandemic-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro de la Torre‐Luque
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and PathologyUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, CIBERSAM ISCIIIMadridSpain
| | - Yolanda Sánchez‐Carro
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM)Carlos III Health InstituteMadridSpain
| | - Marie‐Claude Geoffroy
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill University and Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
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