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Bello-Chavolla OY, Fermín-Martínez CA, Ramírez-García D, Vargas-Vázquez A, Fernández-Chirino L, Basile-Alvarez MR, Sánchez-Castro P, Núñez-Luna A, Antonio-Villa NE. Prevalence and determinants of post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection (Long COVID) among adults in Mexico during 2022: a retrospective analysis of nationally representative data. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2024; 30:100688. [PMID: 38327277 PMCID: PMC10847769 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) remains a concerning long-term complication of COVID-19. Here, we aimed to characterize the epidemiology of PASC in Mexico during 2022 and identify potential associations of covariates with PASC prevalence using nationally representative data. Methods We analyzed data from the 2022 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) from 24,434 participants, representing 85,521,661 adults ≥20 years. PASC was defined using both the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) definition and a PASC score ≥12. Estimates of PASC prevalence were stratified by age, sex, rural vs. urban setting, social lag quartiles, number of reinfections, vaccination status and periods of predominance of SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants. Determinants of PASC were assessed using log-binomial regression models adjusted by survey weights. Findings Persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported by 12.44% (95% CI 11.89-12.99) of adults ≥20 years in Mexico in 2022. The most common persistent symptoms were fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, headache, cough, loss of smell or taste, fever, post-exertional malaise, brain fog, anxiety, and chest pain. PASC was present in 21.21% (95% CI 19.74-22.68) of subjects with previously diagnosed COVID-19. Over 28.6% of patients with PASC reported symptoms persistence ≥6 months and 14.05% reported incapacitating symptoms. Higher PASC prevalence was associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfections, depressive symptoms and living in states with high social lag. PASC prevalence, particularly its more severe forms, decreased with COVID-19 vaccination and for infections during periods of Omicron variant predominance. Interpretation PASC remains a significant public health burden in Mexico as the COVID-19 pandemic transitions into endemic. Promoting SARS-CoV-2 reinfection prevention and booster vaccination may be useful in reducing PASC burden. Funding This research was supported by Instituto Nacional de Geriatría in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos A. Fermín-Martínez
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ramírez-García
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Martín Roberto Basile-Alvarez
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paulina Sánchez-Castro
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Núñez-Luna
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Sarzi-Puttini P, Zen M, Arru F, Giorgi V, Choy EA. Reprint of "Residual pain in rheumatoid arthritis: Is it a real problem?". Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103516. [PMID: 38272434 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Pain is a significant issue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and can have a negative impact on patients' quality of life. Despite optimal control of inflammatory disease, residual chronic pain remains a major unmet medical need in RA. Pain in RA can be secondary to inflammation but can also generate neuroendocrine responses that initiate neurogenic inflammation and enhance cytokine release, leading to persistent hyperalgesia. In addition to well-known cytokines such as TNFα and IL-6, other cytokines and the JAK-STAT pathway play a role in pain modulation and inflammation. The development of chronic pain in RA involves processes beyond inflammation or structural damage. Residual pain is often observed in patients even after achieving remission or low disease activity, suggesting the involvement of non-inflammatory and central sensitization mechanisms. Moreover, fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is prevalent in RA patients and may contribute to persistent pain. Factors such as depression, sleep disturbance, and pro-inflammatory cytokines may contribute to the development of fibromyalgia in RA. It is essential to identify and diagnose concomitant FMS in RA patients to better manage their symptoms. Further research is needed to unravel the complexities of pain in RA. Finally, recent studies have shown that JAK inhibitors effectively reduce residual pain in RA patients, suggesting pain-reducing effects independent of their anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini
- IRCCS Galeazzi-S.Ambrogio Hospital, Rheumatology Department, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Margherita Zen
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Arru
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Giorgi
- IRCCS Galeazzi-S.Ambrogio Hospital, Rheumatology Department, Milan, Italy
| | - Ernest A Choy
- Rheumatology and Translational Research, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UK; Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation (CREATE) Centre, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Yang J, Liu HC, Zhang JQ, Zou JY, Zhang X, Chen WM, Gu Y, Hong H. The effect of metformin on senescence of T lymphocytes. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:73. [PMID: 38087369 PMCID: PMC10714529 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosenescence occurs as people age, leading to an increased incidence of age-related diseases. The number of senescent T cells also rises with age. T cell senescence and immune response dysfunction can result in a decline in immune function, especially in anti-tumor immune responses. Metformin has been shown to have various beneficial effects on health, such as lowering blood sugar levels, reducing the risk of cancer development, and slowing down the aging process. However, the immunomodulatory effects of metformin on senescent T cells still need to be investigated. METHODS PBMCs isolation from different age population (n = 88); Flow Cytometry is applied to determine the phenotypic characterization of senescent T lymphocytes; intracellular staining is applied to determine the function of senescent T cells; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is employed to test the telomerase concentration. The RNA-seq analysis of gene expression associated with T cell senescence. RESULTS The middle-aged group had the highest proportion of senescent T cells. We found that metformin could decrease the number of CD8 + senescent T cells. Metformin affects the secretion of SASP, inhibiting the secretion of IFN-γ in CD8 + senescent T cells. Furthermore, metformin treatment restrained the production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in lymphocytes. Metformin had minimal effects on Granzyme B secretion in senescent T cells, but it promoted the production of TNF-α in senescent T cells. Additionally, metformin increased the concentration of telomerase and the frequency of undifferentiated T cells. The results of RNA-seq showed that metformin promoted the expression of genes related to stemness and telomerase activity, while inhibiting the expression of DNA damage-associated genes. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that metformin could inhibit T cell senescence in terms of cell number, effector function, telomerase content and gene expression in middle-aged individuals, which may serve as a promising approach for preventing age-related diseases in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhong Shan Two Road, Guang Zhou, 510000, Guang Dong, China
| | - Hai-Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, The Institute of Immunology of Zhong Shan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74 Zhong Shan Two Road, Guang Zhou, Guang Dong, 510000, China
| | - Jian-Qing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhong Shan Two Road, Guang Zhou, 510000, Guang Dong, China
| | - Jian-Yong Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhong Shan Two Road, Guang Zhou, 510000, Guang Dong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhong Shan Two Road, Guang Zhou, 510000, Guang Dong, China
| | - Wo-Ming Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guang Zhou, 510120, China
| | - Yong Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhong Shan Two Road, Guang Zhou, 510000, Guang Dong, China.
| | - Hai Hong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, The Institute of Immunology of Zhong Shan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74 Zhong Shan Two Road, Guang Zhou, Guang Dong, 510000, China.
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Fonseca das Neves J, Kornacka M, Serra E, Rollin N, Kosinski T, Maréchal V, Jehel L, Rusinek S. The impact of rumination on fibromyalgia pain after physical activity: an experimental study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20523. [PMID: 37993555 PMCID: PMC10665397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Some fibromyalgia (FM) patients engage in rumination (i.e. a chain of repetitive, passive and relatively uncontrollable thoughts focused on negative content) to cope with the pain and discomfort of daily activities. The partial model of rumination in chronic pain suggests that rumination processes may play a causal role in maintaining pain. Rumination might also be one of the key factors interfering with the reestablishment of adapted physical activity. The objective of this study was to test how rumination vs. distraction induction influence FM patients' pain intensity, discomfort linked to pain, and affect after physical activity. Forty-seven participants with a diagnosis of FM were randomly assigned to undergo distraction induction vs. rumination induction after performing a physical activity in ecological setting. Their pain intensity, pain-related discomfort, and affect were measured at the baseline, after physical activity, and after rumination versus distraction induction. A series of mixed-design ANOVAs showed that rumination induction after physical activity impairs patients' recovery in terms of pain intensity and discomfort, but not affect, as compared to the distraction condition. In conclusion, participants with fibromyalgia who engage in rumination following a physical activity recover less from their pain experience as compared to distraction induction. These results are consistent with the partial model of rumination in chronic pain and support the idea that rumination may play a causal role in the development and maintenance of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Kornacka
- Emotion Cognition Lab, SWPS University, Technikow 9, 40-326, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Eric Serra
- Centre d'étude et de Traitement de la Douleur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
- UFR Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Noémie Rollin
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
- Consultation de la Douleur, Centre Hospitalier de Soissons, Soissons, France
| | - Thierry Kosinski
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Virginie Maréchal
- Psychiatrie de Liaison, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Louis Jehel
- Psychiatrie de Liaison, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
- UFR Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Equipe MOODS-IPSOM, U1018, CESP/INSERM, 94807, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Rusinek
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
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Sarzi-Puttini P, Zen M, Arru F, Giorgi V, Choy EA. Residual pain in rheumatoid arthritis: Is it a real problem? Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103423. [PMID: 37634676 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Pain is a significant issue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and can have a negative impact on patients' quality of life. Despite optimal control of inflammatory disease, residual chronic pain remains a major unmet medical need in RA. Pain in RA can be secondary to inflammation but can also generate neuroendocrine responses that initiate neurogenic inflammation and enhance cytokine release, leading to persistent hyperalgesia. In addition to well-known cytokines such as TNFα and IL-6, other cytokines and the JAK-STAT pathway play a role in pain modulation and inflammation. The development of chronic pain in RA involves processes beyond inflammation or structural damage. Residual pain is often observed in patients even after achieving remission or low disease activity, suggesting the involvement of non-inflammatory and central sensitization mechanisms. Moreover, fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is prevalent in RA patients and may contribute to persistent pain. Factors such as depression, sleep disturbance, and pro-inflammatory cytokines may contribute to the development of fibromyalgia in RA. It is essential to identify and diagnose concomitant FMS in RA patients to better manage their symptoms. Further research is needed to unravel the complexities of pain in RA. Finally, recent studies have shown that JAK inhibitors effectively reduce residual pain in RA patients, suggesting pain-reducing effects independent of their anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini
- IRCCS Galeazzi-S.Ambrogio Hospital, Rheumatology Department, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Margherita Zen
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Arru
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Giorgi
- IRCCS Galeazzi-S.Ambrogio Hospital, Rheumatology Department, Milan, Italy
| | - Ernest A Choy
- Rheumatology and Translational Research, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UK; Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation (CREATE) Centre, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Tarar ZI, Farooq U, Nawaz A, Gandhi M, Ghouri YA, Bhatt A, Cash BD. Prevalence of Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome among Individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Analysis of United States National Inpatient Sample Database. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2594. [PMID: 37892968 PMCID: PMC10604744 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder associated with other somatic disorders. We studied the prevalence and predictors of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in IBS patients. Methods: We used the National Inpatient Sample and included hospitalization of individuals with IBS, using ICD-10 codes, from 2016-2019. The prevalence and predictors of fibromyalgia and CFS in IBS patients were studied. Univariate and multivariate patient- and hospital-level regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds of fibromyalgia and CFS in the IBS patient population. Results: Of 1,256,325 patients with an ICD-10 code of IBS included in the study, 10.73% (134,890) also had ICD-10 codes for fibromyalgia and 0.42% (5220) for CFS. The prevalence of fibromyalgia and CFS was significantly higher in IBS patients (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.24-5.41, p < 0.001, and AOR 5.40, 95% CI 5.04-5.78, p < 0.001, respectively) compared to the general adult population without IBS. IBS-diarrhea, IBS-constipation, and IBS-mixed types were independently associated with increased odds of fibromyalgia and CFS. Increasing age (AOR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04, p 0.003; AOR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, p 0.001), female gender (AOR 11.2, 95% CI 11.1-11.4, p < 0.001; AOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.78-1.93, p < 0.001) and white race (AOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.95-2.12, p < 0.001; AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.34-2.13, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of increased odds of fibromyalgia and CFS, respectively. Conclusions: It appears that IBS is associated with an increased prevalence of somatic disorders such as fibromyalgia and CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Ijaz Tarar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Umer Farooq
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA;
| | - Ahmad Nawaz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suny Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Mustafa Gandhi
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yezaz A. Ghouri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Asmeen Bhatt
- Center for Interventional Gastroenterology at UTHealth (iGUT), Division of Elective Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brooks D. Cash
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Texas Health-McGovern Medical School and UT Health Science Center at Houston, St. Houston, TX 77054, USA
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Bretherick AD, McGrath SJ, Devereux-Cooke A, Leary S, Northwood E, Redshaw A, Stacey P, Tripp C, Wilson J, Chowdhury S, Lewis I, Almelid Ø, Baby SV, Baker T, Becher H, Boutin T, Clyde M, Garcia D, Ireland J, Kerr SM, McDowall E, Perry D, Samms GL, Vitart V, Wolfe JC, Ponting CP. Typing myalgic encephalomyelitis by infection at onset: A DecodeME study. NIHR OPEN RESEARCH 2023; 3:20. [PMID: 37881452 PMCID: PMC10593357 DOI: 10.3310/nihropenres.13421.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Background People with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) experience core symptoms of post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, and cognitive impairment. Despite numbering 0.2-0.4% of the population, no laboratory test is available for their diagnosis, no effective therapy exists for their treatment, and no scientific breakthrough regarding pathogenesis has been made. It remains unknown, despite decades of small-scale studies, whether individuals experience different types of ME/CFS separated by onset-type, sex or age. Methods DecodeME is a large population-based study of ME/CFS that recruited 17,074 participants in the first 3 months following full launch. Detailed questionnaire responses from UK-based participants who all reported being diagnosed with ME/CFS by a health professional provided an unparalleled opportunity to investigate, using logistic regression, whether ME/CFS severity or onset type is significantly associated with sex, age, illness duration, comorbid conditions or symptoms. Results The well-established sex-bias among ME/CFS patients is evident in the initial DecodeME cohort: 83.5% of participants were females. What was not known previously was that females tend to have more comorbidities than males. Moreover, being female, being older and being over 10 years from ME/CFS onset are significantly associated with greater severity. Five different ME/CFS onset types were examined in the self-reported data: those with ME/CFS onset (i) after glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis); (ii) after COVID-19 infection; (iii) after other infections; (iv) without an infection at onset; and, (v) where the occurrence of an infection at or preceding onset is not known. Among other findings, ME/CFS onset with unknown infection status was significantly associated with active fibromyalgia. Conclusions DecodeME participants differ in symptoms, comorbid conditions and/or illness severity when stratified by their sex-at-birth and/or infection around the time of ME/CFS onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Bretherick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
- Pain Service, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Simon J. McGrath
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andy Devereux-Cooke
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sian Leary
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Emma Northwood
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anna Redshaw
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Pippa Stacey
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Claire Tripp
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jim Wilson
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sonya Chowdhury
- 42 Temple Street, Keynsham, Action For ME, Bristol, England, BS31 1EH, UK
| | - Isabel Lewis
- 42 Temple Street, Keynsham, Action For ME, Bristol, England, BS31 1EH, UK
| | - Øyvind Almelid
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sumy V. Baby
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Tom Baker
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Hannes Becher
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Malgorzata Clyde
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Diana Garcia
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - John Ireland
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Shona M. Kerr
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ewan McDowall
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David Perry
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Gemma L. Samms
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jareth C. Wolfe
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Chris P. Ponting
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
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8
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Bretherick AD, McGrath SJ, Devereux-Cooke A, Leary S, Northwood E, Redshaw A, Stacey P, Tripp C, Wilson J, Chowdhury S, Lewis I, Almelid Ø, Baby SV, Baker T, Becher H, Boutin T, Clyde M, Garcia D, Ireland J, Kerr SM, McDowall E, Perry D, Samms GL, Vitart V, Wolfe JC, Ponting CP. Typing myalgic encephalomyelitis by infection at onset: A DecodeME study. NIHR OPEN RESEARCH 2023; 3:20. [PMID: 37881452 PMCID: PMC10593357 DOI: 10.3310/nihropenres.13421.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) experience core symptoms of post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, and cognitive impairment. Despite numbering 0.2-0.4% of the population, no laboratory test is available for their diagnosis, no effective therapy exists for their treatment, and no scientific breakthrough regarding pathogenesis has been made. It remains unknown, despite decades of small-scale studies, whether individuals experience different types of ME/CFS separated by onset-type, sex or age. METHODS DecodeME is a large population-based study of ME/CFS that recruited 17,074 participants in the first 3 months following full launch. Detailed questionnaire responses from UK-based participants who all reported being diagnosed with ME/CFS by a health professional provided an unparalleled opportunity to investigate, using logistic regression, whether ME/CFS severity or onset type is significantly associated with sex, age, illness duration, comorbid conditions or symptoms. RESULTS The well-established sex-bias among ME/CFS patients is evident in the initial DecodeME cohort: 83.5% of participants were females. What was not known previously was that females tend to have more comorbidities than males. Moreover, being female, being older and being over 10 years from ME/CFS onset are significantly associated with greater severity. Five different ME/CFS onset types were examined in the self-reported data: those with ME/CFS onset (i) after glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis); (ii) after COVID-19 infection; (iii) after other infections; (iv) without an infection at onset; and, (v) where the occurrence of an infection at or preceding onset is not known. Among other findings, ME/CFS onset with unknown infection status was significantly associated with active fibromyalgia. CONCLUSIONS DecodeME participants differ in symptoms, comorbid conditions and/or illness severity when stratified by their sex-at-birth and/or infection around the time of ME/CFS onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Bretherick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
- Pain Service, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Simon J. McGrath
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andy Devereux-Cooke
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sian Leary
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Emma Northwood
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anna Redshaw
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Pippa Stacey
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Claire Tripp
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jim Wilson
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sonya Chowdhury
- 42 Temple Street, Keynsham, Action For ME, Bristol, England, BS31 1EH, UK
| | - Isabel Lewis
- 42 Temple Street, Keynsham, Action For ME, Bristol, England, BS31 1EH, UK
| | - Øyvind Almelid
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sumy V. Baby
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Tom Baker
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Hannes Becher
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Malgorzata Clyde
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Diana Garcia
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - John Ireland
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Shona M. Kerr
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ewan McDowall
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David Perry
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Gemma L. Samms
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jareth C. Wolfe
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Chris P. Ponting
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
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9
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Das D, Choy E. Non-inflammatory pain in inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:2360-2365. [PMID: 36478185 PMCID: PMC10321089 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
'Non-inflammatory' pain, pain that is not associated with measures of inflammation, is common in patients with inflammatory arthritis including RA. One important cause of non-inflammatory pain is concomitant fibromyalgia. Systematic review has shown that fibromyalgia is common in inflammatory arthritis including RA affecting 1 in 5 patients and is associated with higher disease activity scores due to inflated tender joint count and patient global assessment. Consequently, many patients with RA and concomitant fibromyalgia may fail to reach treatment target and switch to alternate disease modifying drugs frequently. European Alliance of Association for Rheumatology has highlighted that concomitant fibromyalgia is an important consideration in assessing difficult-to-treat RA. The incidence and prevalence of fibromyalgia are higher in RA than the general population, raising the possibility that fibromyalgia may be 'secondary' to RA rather than a concomitant disease. The precise mechanisms whereby patients with RA develop fibromyalgia are unknown. In this review, we discussed fibromyalgia in RA, its clinical impact and epidemiology as well as data suggesting fibromyalgia might be 'secondary'. Lastly, we reviewed potential pathogenic mechanisms which included inflammatory cytokines sensitizing nociceptive neurones, temporal summation, also known as windup, from chronic pain and impaired coping from poor quality sleep and mental well-being. Deciphering the exact mechanisms may lead to treatment strategies that prevent development of secondary fibromyalgia and will address a common factor associated with difficult-to-treat RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Das
- Consultant Rheumatologist, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University School of Medicine (Formerly with Cardiff), Cardiff, UK
| | - Ernest Choy
- Correspondence to: Ernest Choy, CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Tenovus Building, Heath Park Campus, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. E-mail:
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10
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Ahrendt Bjerregaard A, Schovsbo SU, Gormsen LK, Skovbjerg S, Eplov LF, Linneberg A, Cedeño-Laurent JG, Jørgensen T, Dantoft TM. Social economic factors and the risk of multiple chemical sensitivity in a Danish population-based cross-sectional study: Danish Study of Functional Disorders (DanFunD). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064618. [PMID: 36972962 PMCID: PMC10069487 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a rare multisystem and poly-symptomatic disease characterised by a report of various somatic symptoms attributed to inhalation of volatile chemicals in usually harmless doses. The aim was to explore four selected social factors and the risk of MCS in the general Danish population. DESIGN A cross-sectional general population-based study. SETTING The Danish Study of Functional Disorders was conducted from 2011 to 2015 which included 9656 participants. PARTICIPANTS A total of 8800 participants were included in analyses after observations with missing data on exposure and/or outcome were excluded. A total of 164 cases fulfilled the questionnaire criteria for MCS. Of the 164 MCS cases, 101 reported no comorbid functional somatic disorder (FSD) and were included in a subgroup analysis. A total of 63 MCS cases fulfilled the criteria for at least one additional FSD, this subgroup was not included in further analysis. The remaining study population without MCS or any FSD were regarded as controls. OUTCOME MEASURES We used adjusted logistic regression to calculate OR and 95% CIs of MCS and MCS without FSD comorbidities for each social variable separately including education, employment, cohabitation and subjective social status. RESULTS We found an increased risk of MCS among the unemployed (OR: 2.95, 95% CI: 1.75 to 4.97), and a twofold increased risk of MCS among individuals with low subjective social status (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.08 to 3.70). At the same time, 4 years or more of vocational training were protective of MCS. No significant associations were observed among MCS cases with no comorbid FSD. CONCLUSION Lower socioeconomic status was found to be associated with a higher risk of having MCS but not with MCS without FSD comorbidities. Due to the cross-sectional design of the study, we cannot determine whether social status is a determinant or a consequence of MCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard
- Section of Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Signe Ulfbeck Schovsbo
- Section of Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lise K Gormsen
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sine Skovbjerg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Danish Center for Mindfulness, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lene Falgaard Eplov
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health- CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Section of Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - José G Cedeño-Laurent
- Department of Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge MA, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Meinertz Dantoft
- Section of Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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11
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Schovsbo SU, Dantoft TM, Thuesen BH, Leth-Møller KB, Eplov LF, Petersen MW, Jørgensen T, Osler M. Social position and functional somatic disorders: The DanFunD study. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:225-232. [PMID: 34796745 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211056752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM It is generally accepted that functional somatic disorders (FSDs) are a product of biological, psychological, and social factors. Social position might be part of this complex, but the literature on this issue is currently heterogeneous and inconsistent. The aim of the present study was - in a population-based cohort - to test the hypothesis that lower social position would be associated with higher a risk of FSD. METHOD The association between social position and FSD was examined in a cross-sectional study with various measures of social position (education as measured by vocational training; employment; cohabitation; subjective social status) and delimitations of FSD (irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, bodily distress syndrome, and symptom profiles). The associations were analyzed using logistic regressions to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Each social measure was analyzed independently and was adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS Lower levels of vocational training, being unemployed, and living alone were associated with higher risk of FSD, regardless of the FSD delimitation. There was also a significant negative association between subjective evaluated social status and FSD. The associations remained after multiple adjustments, and seemed to be strongest for the more severe FSD-types. CONCLUSIONS
Lower social position is associated with higher risk of FSD, especially the more severe FSD delimitations, which might constitute an especially vulnerable group. However, the mechanisms behind the relations remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe U Schovsbo
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Betina H Thuesen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Katja B Leth-Møller
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Lene F Eplov
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie W Petersen
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark.,Section for Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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McIlroy S, Vaughan B, Crowe H, Bearne L. The experiences and acceptability of a novel multimodal programme for the management of fibromyalgia: A qualitative service evaluation. Musculoskeletal Care 2022; 20:686-696. [PMID: 35837789 PMCID: PMC9545101 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Fibromyalgia guidelines recommend multi‐modal, non‐pharmacological interventions but there is limited evidence on the optimal programme. The Fibromyalgia Active Management and Exercise programme (FAME) aimed to improve function and quality of life. It consisted of 12 sessions delivered by a multidisciplinary team and incorporated education, exercise, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and mindfulness approaches. This qualitative service evaluation explored the experience and acceptability of FAME from the perspective of the patients' and healthcare practitioners' (HCP). Methods All patients and HCP involved in the first FAME programme were invited to attend either one audio‐recorded focus group or an individual semi‐structured interview. Topic guides were developed a priori. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results Thirteen participants (six HCP (three physiotherapists, two nurses, one psychologist)) and seven patients (mean age 46 (7.5) years, all female,) were enroled. FAME was acceptable to HCP participants but not to all patient participants. Where patient participants understood and anticipated the aims of FAME, the programme was found to be acceptable. Whereas, patient participants who did not fully understand the aims of the programme reported lower acceptability. Three themes were generated: expectations and preparation for FAME, the value of socialsupport, and FAME as a learning opportunity. The themes could be explained by five constructs of the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. Conclusion FAME was acceptable to HCPs but not to all patient participants. Patient and HCP participants valued social support and regarded this as central to their learning. Further adaptation of FAME is required to optimise acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne McIlroy
- Physiotherapy Department, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bethany Vaughan
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Heather Crowe
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lindsay Bearne
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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13
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Creed F. The risk factors for self-reported fibromyalgia with and without multiple somatic symptoms: The Lifelines cohort study. J Psychosom Res 2022; 155:110745. [PMID: 35123251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The numerous risk factors for fibromyalgia reflect its heterogeneous nature. This study assessed whether the predictors of fibromyalgia onset vary according to number of prior somatic symptoms. METHODS The prospective, population-based Lifelines cohort study included 138,617 adults without fibromyalgia or marked muscle pain. At baseline socio-demographic status, physical and psychiatric disorders, psycho-social and behavioural variables were assessed as potential predictors. At follow-up (mean 2.4 years later) new onsets of fibromyalgia were recorded by self-report. The predictors of new onsets of self-reported fibromyalgia were assessed using logistic regression with interaction terms between key variables and number of somatic symptoms. RESULTS At follow-up 679 (0.5%) participants reported new onset fibromyalgia. The strongest predictors were: female sex, rheumatoid and osteo-arthritis, IBS, impaired sleep, migraine, few years of education and impairment by bodily pain. Interaction terms with somatic symptoms were significant for years of education, low income, rheumatoid arthritis and no. of analgesics; these were predictors only for fibromyalgia with few somatic symptoms. Participants with multiple somatic symptoms had a higher number of predictors than those with few somatic symptoms. CONCLUSION This study suggests that people developing self-reported fibromyalgia with multiple pre-existing somatic symptoms have a high risk factor load reflecting risk factors for both fibromyalgia and multiple somatic symptoms. Self-reported fibromyalgia with few somatic symptoms has fewer predictors which may be specific to fibromyalgia. Future research could usefully study whether different pathophysiological mechanisms occur when fibromyalgia is preceded by high or low number of somatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Creed
- Emeritus Professor of Psychological Medicine, Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, UK.
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14
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De Groef A, Hallemans A, Gebruers N, Meirte J, Saeys W, Truijen S, Haenen V, Johnson C, Meert L, Peeters L, Fransen E, Meeus M, Durnez L. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the general health status of people with chronic health conditions in Belgium: a cross-sectional survey study. Physiother Theory Pract 2022; 39:1189-1204. [DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2036278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Hallemans
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Movant, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nick Gebruers
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Movant, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Multidisciplinary Edema Clinic, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jill Meirte
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Movant, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Oscare, Organisation for Burns, Scar After-care and Research, Merksem Belgium
| | - Wim Saeys
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Movant, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Rehabilitation Hospital Revarte, Edegem Belgium
| | - Steven Truijen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Movant, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Haenen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Movant, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Johnson
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Movant, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lotte Meert
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Movant, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Pain in Motion International Research Group (Pim)
| | - Lies Peeters
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Movant, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Mira Meeus
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Movant, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Pain in Motion International Research Group (Pim)
| | - Lies Durnez
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Movant, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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15
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Camfield D, Wilson CL, Loescher A. Sociodemographic trends in a UK temporomandibular joint disorder clinic. Br Dent J 2022:10.1038/s41415-022-3932-4. [PMID: 35145240 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-3932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a common source of facial pain, resulting from an interaction of biopsychosocial factors. However, social risk factors related to TMD have been researched very little, particularly in patients attending a tertiary care service.Aims To review sociodemographic trends among patients referred to a UK tertiary TMD clinic for specialist management. To provide an insight into the sociodemographic risk factors associated with TMD in patients referred for specialist input and to discuss the surrounding literature.Methods Retrospective review of notes of patients referred to a UK tertiary TMD clinic. Trends in areas of deprivation from which patients came from were quantified into deciles using the English Multiple Indices of Deprivation.Results The mean age of patients was 41.1 years, with women being overrepresented compared to men. Most patients were referred by their general dental practitioner, although a variety of secondary care specialties also referred to this service. A disproportionate number of patients came from the highest decile of deprivation, a trend seen throughout the entire sample and in patients seen by dental professionals specifically. There was no apparent association between this and longer symptom duration.Conclusion Women and those from areas with the highest levels of deprivation were overrepresented in this tertiary clinic setting. Dentists should maintain an awareness of the risk factors for TMD development as well as those which may complicate its management in cases requiring specialist input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Camfield
- The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Claire L Wilson
- Department of Oral Surgery, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 76 Wellesley Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2SZ, UK
| | - Alison Loescher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Wellesley Road, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
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16
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Ramiller A, Mudie K, Seibert E, Whittaker S. The Facilitation of Clinical and Therapeutic Discoveries in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Related Diseases: A Protocol for the You + ME Registry Research Platform (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e36798. [PMID: 35816681 PMCID: PMC9369615 DOI: 10.2196/36798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic, complex, heterogeneous disease that affects millions and lacks both diagnostics and treatments. Big data, or the collection of vast quantities of data that can be mined for information, have transformed the understanding of many complex illnesses, such as cancer and multiple sclerosis, by dissecting heterogeneity, identifying subtypes, and enabling the development of personalized treatments. It is possible that big data can reveal the same for ME/CFS. Objective This study aims to describe the protocol for the You + ME Registry, present preliminary results related to participant enrollment and satisfaction, and discuss the limitations of the registry as well as next steps. Methods We developed and launched the You + ME Registry to collect longitudinal health data from people with ME/CFS, people with long COVID (LC), and control volunteers using rigorous protocols designed to harmonize with other groups collecting data from similar groups of people. Results As of September 30, 2021, the You + ME Registry had over 4200 geographically diverse participants (3033/4339, 69.9%, people with ME/CFS; 833/4339, 19.2%, post–COVID-19 people; and 473/4339, 10.9%, control volunteers), with an average of 72 new people registered every week. It has qualified as “great” using a net promotor score, indicating registrants are likely to recommend the registry to a friend. Analyses of collected data are currently underway, and preliminary findings are expected in the near future. Conclusions The You + ME Registry is an invaluable resource because it integrates with a symptom-tracking app, as well as a biorepository, to provide a robust and rich data set that is available to qualified researchers. Accordingly, it facilitates collaboration that may ultimately uncover causes and help accelerate the development of therapies. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04806620; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04806620 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/36798
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elle Seibert
- Solve ME/CFS Initiative, Glendale, CA, United States
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17
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Lim EJ, Lee JS, Lee EJ, Jeong SJ, Park HY, Ahn YC, Son CG. Nationwide epidemiological characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome in South Korea. J Transl Med 2021; 19:502. [PMID: 34876158 PMCID: PMC8650266 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a long-term disabling illness accompanied by medically unexplained fatigue. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of CFS in South Korea. Methods Using the nationwide medical records provided by the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA), we analyzed the entire dataset for CFS patients diagnosed by physicians in South Korea from January 2010 to December 2020. Results The annual mean incidence of CFS was estimated to be 44.71 ± 6.10 cases per 100,000 individuals [95% CI: 40.57, 48.76], and the prevalence rate was 57.70 ± 12.20 cases per 100,000 individuals [95% CI: 49.40, 65.79]. These two rates increased by 1.53- and 1.94-fold from 2010 to 2020, respectively, and showed an increasing trend with aging and an approximately 1.5-fold female predominance. Conclusions This study is the first to report the nationwide epidemiological features of CFS, which reflects the clinical reality of CFS diagnosis and care in South Korea. This study will be a valuable reference for studies of CFS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Lim
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-Ro, Kyeong-Gi, Pocheon, 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daedeok-Daero 176, Seo-Gu, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daedeok-Daero 176, Seo-Gu, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ju Jeong
- Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, Dunsanbuk-ro 121, Seo-Gu, Daejeon, 35236, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, Dunsanbuk-ro 121, Seo-Gu, Daejeon, 35236, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Chan Ahn
- Department of Health Service Management, Daejeon University, 96-3 Yongun-Dong, Dong-Gu, 300-716, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daedeok-Daero 176, Seo-Gu, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Ruiz-Pablos M, Paiva B, Montero-Mateo R, Garcia N, Zabaleta A. Epstein-Barr Virus and the Origin of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656797. [PMID: 34867935 PMCID: PMC8634673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) affects approximately 1% of the general population. It is a chronic, disabling, multi-system disease for which there is no effective treatment. This is probably related to the limited knowledge about its origin. Here, we summarized the current knowledge about the pathogenesis of ME/CFS and revisit the immunopathobiology of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Given the similarities between EBV-associated autoimmune diseases and cancer in terms of poor T cell surveillance of cells with EBV latency, expanded EBV-infected cells in peripheral blood and increased antibodies against EBV, we hypothesize that there could be a common etiology generated by cells with EBV latency that escape immune surveillance. Albeit inconclusive, multiple studies in patients with ME/CFS have suggested an altered cellular immunity and augmented Th2 response that could result from mechanisms of evasion to some pathogens such as EBV, which has been identified as a risk factor in a subset of ME/CFS patients. Namely, cells with latency may evade the immune system in individuals with genetic predisposition to develop ME/CFS and in consequence, there could be poor CD4 T cell immunity to mitogens and other specific antigens, as it has been described in some individuals. Ultimately, we hypothesize that within ME/CFS there is a subgroup of patients with DRB1 and DQB1 alleles that could confer greater susceptibility to EBV, where immune evasion mechanisms generated by cells with latency induce immunodeficiency. Accordingly, we propose new endeavors to investigate if anti-EBV therapies could be effective in selected ME/CFS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada (CIMA), IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Nicolas Garcia
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada (CIMA), IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aintzane Zabaleta
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada (CIMA), IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Chandan JS, Thomas T, Raza K, Bradbury-Jones C, Taylor J, Bandyopadhyay S, Nirantharakumar K. Intimate Partner Violence and the Risk of Developing Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP12279-NP12298. [PMID: 31805821 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519888515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health issue with a variety of ill health consequences associated with exposure. Due to the stimulation of chronic stress and inflammatory pathways, childhood abuse has been associated with the subsequent development of functional syndromes such as fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Although IPV in women appears to elicit similar biochemical responses, this association has not been tested thoroughly in IPV survivors. These functional syndromes are complex in etiology and any indication of their risk factors would benefit health care professionals managing this population. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between exposure to IPV with functional syndromes: fibromyalgia and CFS. We conducted a retrospective open cohort study using "The Heath Improvement Network" database between January 1, 1995 and December 1, 2017. A total of 18,547 women who were exposed to IPV were each matched by age to four controls who were not exposed (n = 74,188). The main outcome measures were the risk of developing fibromyalgia and CFS. These were presented as adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We found that 97 women in the exposed group developed fibromyalgia (incidence rate [IR] = 1.63 per 1,000 person-years) compared to 239 women in the unexposed group (IR = 0.83 per 1,000 person-years). Following adjustment, this translated to an IRR of 1.73 (95% CI = [1.36, 2.22]). Similarly, 19 women developed CFS in the exposed group (IR = 0.32 per 1,000 person-years), compared to 53 in the unexposed group (0.18 per 1,000 person-years), which translates to an aIRR of 1.92 (95% CI = [1.11, 3.33]). Therefore, we have identified an association between a history of IPV in women and the development of these functional syndromes, which may provide more information to inform the biopsychosocial pathway precipitating the development of fibromyalgia and CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karim Raza
- University of Birmingham, UK
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - Julie Taylor
- University of Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Povey M, Aris E, Cheuvart B, Hall G, Cohet C, Willame C. Effectiveness of "Priorix" Against Measles and Mumps Diseases in Children Born After 2004 in the United Kingdom: A Retrospective Case-control Study Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD Database. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:590-596. [PMID: 33956757 PMCID: PMC8104017 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on vaccine effectiveness (VE) may encourage vaccination and help fight the reemergence of measles and mumps in Europe. However, limited data exist on real-life effectiveness of individual measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccines. This study evaluated VE of GSK's MMR vaccine ("Priorix") against measles and mumps. METHODS This retrospective, case-control study used UK data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD linked to the Hospital Episode Statistics database to identify children 1-13 years old diagnosed with measles or mumps from January 2006 to December 2018. Cases were matched to controls according to birth month/year and practice region. Cases were identified using clinical codes (without laboratory confirmation). "Priorix" exposure was identified using vaccine batch identifiers. Children exposed to other MMR vaccines were excluded. Adjusted VE was estimated for ≥1 vaccine dose in all children, and for 1 dose and ≥2 doses in children ≥4 years at diagnosis. RESULTS Overall, 299 measles cases matched with 1196 controls (87.6% <4 years old), and 243 mumps cases matched with 970 controls (74.2% <4 years old) were considered. VE for ≥1 dose in all children was 78.0% (97.5% confidence interval: 67.2%-85.3%) for measles and 66.7% (48.1%-78.6%) for mumps. In children ≥4 years old, VE after 1 dose was 74.6% (-21.7% to 94.7%) for measles and 82.3% (32.7%-95.3%) for mumps, and VE after ≥2 doses was 94.4% (79.7%-98.5%) for measles and 86.5% (64.0%-94.9%) for mumps. CONCLUSIONS "Priorix" is effective in preventing measles and mumps in real-life settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gillian Hall
- Gillian Hall Epidemiology Ltd, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Andrews NJ, Phillips AJ. Community nurses' support for patients with fibromyalgia who use cannabis to manage pain. Br J Community Nurs 2021; 26:92-98. [PMID: 33539238 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2021.26.2.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Supporting patients to manage chronic pain conditions, such as fibromyalgia (FM), remains a challenge for community nurses. Research suggests that despite the absence of a licensed cannabis-based product for medicinal use (CBPM) available for people with FM in the UK, there is an appetite for FM patients to use cannabis for pain management. Nurses have expressed anxieties when balancing tensions between helping patients and working within medical guidelines, as well as a need for further education about patient cannabis use. This article provides community nurses with insight into how cannabis use affects the pain experience for people living with FM. Despite potential harms, cannabis is perceived by users to have a positive impact on the lived experience of pain, and it may be preferred to prescribed opioid medication. This understanding can help to inform empathic practice and recommendations are made for reducing the risks of cannabis use to patient health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha J Andrews
- Student in Health Studies, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent
| | - Adele J Phillips
- Senior Lecturer in Health Promotion and Public Health, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent
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22
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Wright A, Fisher PL, Baker N, O'Rourke L, Cherry MG. Perfectionism, depression and anxiety in chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2021; 140:110322. [PMID: 33278659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High levels of depression and anxiety are experienced alongside Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). Psychological causal and maintenance factors are not well-understood. Perfectionism is a multifactorial, transdiagnostic risk factor for various physical and mental health conditions. This systematic review assesses the association between perfectionism and depression and/or anxiety in people with CFS/ME. METHOD Systematic literature searches used a combination of terms for 'perfectionism', 'depression', 'anxiety' and 'CFS/ME'. Peer-reviewed English-language papers reporting quantitative data regarding the relationship between perfectionism and depression and/or anxiety in adults (aged 18-65 years) with a clinical diagnosis of CFS/ME were included. Screening, selection and assessment of risk of bias was completed independently by two authors. Bivariate and multivariate associations between perfectionism and anxiety and depression were extracted. Data were synthesised narratively. RESULTS Seven studies, reported in eight papers, were included. Seven examined the relationship between perfectionism and depression. Moderate-strong significant positive associations were found between depression and maladaptive perfectionism (r = 0.42 to .48, p < .01), and its component factors of concern over mistakes (r = 0.40 to .60, p < .01) and doubts about actions (r = 0.51 to .60, p < .01). Methodological limitations included sample size justification and selection, psychometric measures, and control of potential confounders. CONCLUSION Maladaptive perfectionism is consistently associated with depression in patients with CFS/ME. The relationship between perfectionism and anxiety is under-researched. Corroboration is required from longitudinal, cross-cultural studies. Clinical understanding may be increased through examining the interplay between maladaptive perfectionism, depression and anxiety and the physical and cognitive symptoms of CFS/ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Wright
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GB, UK
| | - Peter L Fisher
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GB, UK; Clinical Health Psychology Service, Linda McCartney Centre, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Nita Baker
- Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Physical Health Psychology Department, Tamworth, UK
| | - Louise O'Rourke
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GB, UK
| | - Mary Gemma Cherry
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GB, UK; Clinical Health Psychology Service, Linda McCartney Centre, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK.
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23
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Efficacy and Safety of Sipjeondaebo-Tang (Shi-Quan-Da-Bu-Tang) for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Study Protocol for a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4708374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background. Sipjeondaebo-tang (SDT), also known as Shi-Quan-Da-Bu-Tang, is a treatment for both qi and blood deficiency syndromes in traditional Korean medicine. It is also used to treat chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in Korea. Herein, we present the protocol for a study to assess the efficacy and safety of SDT for treating CFS. Methods. This will be a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial with two parallel-treatment arms: an SDT group and a placebo group. Ninety-six patients with CFS aged between 19 and 65 years will be recruited from two hospitals in Korea. Participants will be randomly allocated at a ratio of 1 : 1 between the two groups. Participants will receive 3 g doses of SDT or placebo thrice daily for 8 weeks. Follow-up evaluations will be performed for 4–6 weeks after the drug administration period. The primary outcome will be the rating of participants’ fatigue symptoms using the Checklist Individual Strength questionnaire. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, week 4, and week 8, as well as during follow-up. An efficacy evaluation and safety assessment will be performed. This study will be based on the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines and the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) 2013 statement. This protocol and informed consent guidelines were reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong in the Republic of Korea (KHNMCOH 2017-06-004-001). The protocol was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service. Written informed consent will be obtained from all study participants prior to enrollment in the study. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a scientific conference. Discussion. This study is expected to provide novel, accurate information regarding the 38 efficacy and safety of SDT for CFS in adults. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with https://cris.nih.go.kr; CRIS identifier (KCT0002684) registered on February 9, 2018.
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Musker M, McArthur A, Munn Z, Wong ML. Circulating leptin levels in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis, chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia: a systematic review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2020; 19:695-701. [PMID: 33136710 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-20-00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the review is to evaluate circulating levels of leptin in people diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia syndrome and to investigate the differences compared with healthy controls. INTRODUCTION Myalgic encephalomyelitis chronic fatigue syndrome is a condition that has major symptoms, including self-reported fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and unexplained pain across the body. The widespread pain is measured in a systematic way and is often referred to as fibromyalgia. The two disorders have many similarities, but their association with leptin has indicated that leptin may affect the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and symptom severity. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will consider observational studies of varying study designs including prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, time-series, and analytical cross-sectional studies that include both cases and healthy comparators. Cases will include a diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and/or fibromyalgia. Controls are people without this diagnosis, usually healthy participants. Only studies published in English will be included due to limited resources for translation. METHODS This protocol will be reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) checklist and will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of etiology and risk. A comprehensive search strategy will include PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Science Direct, and PsycINFO. Two reviewers will screen, critically appraise eligible articles, and extract data using a standardized data extraction tool informed by JBI SUMARI. The authors will complete a quantitative analysis that synthesizes findings across studies using pooled effect sizes and confidence intervals of the measures provided. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42020169903.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Musker
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,The Centre for Evidence-based Practice South Australia (CEPSA): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexa McArthur
- The Centre for Evidence-based Practice South Australia (CEPSA): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zachary Munn
- The Centre for Evidence-based Practice South Australia (CEPSA): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Upstate University, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Shin S, Park SJ, Hwang M. Effectiveness a herbal medicine ( Sipjeondaebo-tang) on adults with chronic fatigue syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Integr Med Res 2020; 10:100664. [PMID: 33101925 PMCID: PMC7578262 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sipjeondaebo-tang (SJDBT, Shi-quan-da-bu-tang in Chinese) is a widely prescribed herbal medicine in traditional Korean medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of SJDBT for treating chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Methods Ninety-six eligible participants were randomly allocated to either the SJDBT or placebo groups in a 1:1 ratio. Nine grams of SJDBT or placebo granules were administered to the patients for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the response rate, defined as the proportion of participants with a score of 76 or higher in the Checklist Individual Strength assessment. Other measurements for fatigue severity, quality of life, and qi/blood/yin/yang deficiency were included. Safety was assessed throughout the trial. Results At week 8, the response rate did not significantly differ between the groups (SJDBT: 35.4%; placebo: 54.2%; P = 0.101, effect size [95% confidence interval] = 0.021 [-0.177, 0.218]). However, the scores of the visual analogue scale (P = 0.001, -0.327 [-0.506, -0.128]), Fatigue Severity Scale (P = 0.020, 0.480 [0.066, 0.889]), and Chalder fatigue scale (P = 0.004, -0.292 [-0.479, -0.101]) for the SJDBT group showed significant improvements in fatigue severity at the endpoint. Quality of life was not significantly different. Furthermore, SJDBT significantly ameliorated the severity of qi deficiency compared to that in the placebo group. No serious adverse events were observed. Conclusion This trial failed to show a significant improvement in fatigue severity, as assessed by the CIS-deprived response rate. It merely showed that SJDBT could alleviate the severity of fatigue and qi deficiency in patients with CFS. However, the further study is needed to confirm the details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Shin
- National Agency for Development of Innovative Technologies in Korean Medicine, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Hwang
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hanson MR, Germain A. Letter to the Editor of Metabolites. Metabolites 2020; 10:E216. [PMID: 32466160 PMCID: PMC7281557 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A number in our recently published study in your Metabolites journal, Germain et al. (2020),entitled "Comprehensive Circulatory Metabolomics in ME/CFS Reveals Disrupted Metabolism ofAcyl Lipids and Steroids" [1] has drawn a significant amount of attention on social media [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen R. Hanson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
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Bolton MJ, Chapman BP, Van Marwijk H. Low-dose naltrexone as a treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/1/e232502. [PMID: 31911410 PMCID: PMC6954765 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Naltrexone is used as an off-label treatment in low doses for several chronic immune-modulated disorders in many countries. Although only small-scale clinical trials have been performed, these suggest efficacy in several diseases including Crohn's disease, fibromyalgia and Gulf War Illness. Despite numerous internet reports of response to low-dose naltrexone (LDN), no clinical trials exist in people with chronic fatigue syndrome. This condition is characterised by chronic profound fatigue, postexertional malaise, pain and autonomic and neurocognitive disturbances. This series of three case reports compiled by people with long-term ill-health due to chronic fatigue syndrome shows the range of responses they observed when taking LDN, from life changing to a reduction in some symptoms only. Treatment doses ranged from 4 to 12 mg. Clinical trials may be warranted to explore the potential use of naltrexone in people with these debilitating illnesses which currently have no licensed treatments available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harm Van Marwijk
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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Soni A, Santos-Paulo S, Segerdahl A, Javaid MK, Pinedo-Villanueva R, Tracey I. Hospitalization in fibromyalgia: a cohort-level observational study of in-patient procedures, costs and geographical variation in England. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 59:2074-2084. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Fibromyalgia is a complex, debilitating, multifactorial condition that can be difficult to manage. Recommended treatments are usually delivered in outpatient settings; evidence suggests that significant inpatient care occurs. We describe the scale and cost of inpatient care with a primary diagnostic code of fibromyalgia within the English National Health Service.
Methods
We conducted a cohort-level observational study of all patients admitted to hospital due to a diagnosis of fibromyalgia, between 1 April 2014 and 31 March 2018 inclusive, in the National Health Service in England. We used data from Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care to study: the age and sex of patients admitted, number and costs of admissions, length of stay, procedures undertaken, class and type of admission, and distribution of admissions across clinical commissioning groups.
Results
A total of 24 295 inpatient admissions, costing £20 220 576, occurred during the 4-year study period. Most patients were women (89%) with peak age of admission of between 45 and 55 years. Most admissions were elective (92%). A number of invasive therapeutic procedures took place, including a continuous i.v. infusion (35%). There was marked geographical variation in the prevalence and cost of inpatient fibromyalgia care delivered across the country, even after accounting for clinical commissioning group size.
Conclusions
Many patients are admitted for treatment of their fibromyalgia and given invasive procedures for which there is weak evidence, with significant variation in practice and cost across the country. This highlights the need to identify areas of resource use that can be rationalized and diverted to provide more effective, evidence-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Soni
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie Santos-Paulo
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Segerdahl
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Kassim Javaid
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford
| | - Rafael Pinedo-Villanueva
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford
| | - Irene Tracey
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Joung JY, Lee JS, Cho JH, Lee DS, Ahn YC, Son CG. The Efficacy and Safety of Myelophil, an Ethanol Extract Mixture of Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix, for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:991. [PMID: 31551788 PMCID: PMC6746924 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a strong demand for therapeutics to treat chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), although there are limitations. Myelophil, which is a combination of extracts from Astragali Radix and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, has been clinically used to treat fatigue-related disorders in South Korea. We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial of Myelophil in patients with CFS and evaluated its efficacy and safety in two hospitals. Methods: We enrolled 98 participants (M: 38, F: 60) with CFS in a phase 2 trial of oral Myelophil (2 g daily) or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary end point was a change in the Chalder fatigue scale, as scored by a numeric rating scale (NRS). The secondary end points included changes in the visual analogue scale, fatigue severity scale (FSS), and 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). Biomarkers of oxidative stress and cytokines were evaluated by blood tests. Results: Ninety-seven participants (48 in the Myelophil group and 49 in the placebo group) completed the trial. An analysis of all participants showed that Myelophil slightly improved fatigue symptoms compared with those of the placebo, but this effect was not statistically significant (p > 0.05 for the NRS, VAS, FSS, and SF-36). By contrast, an analysis of the subpopulation (53 participants, M: 24, F: 29) with severe symptoms (≥63, median NRS value of total participants) showed a statistically significant improvement in fatigue symptoms in the Myelophil group compared with the placebo (p < 0.05 for NRS, FSS, and SF-36). There were no significant changes in the biomarkers for oxidative stress and cytokines before or after the treatment. No Myelophil-related adverse response was observed during the trial. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that Myelophil can be a therapeutic candidate to manage CFS and provide the rationale for its progression to a phase 3 clinical trial. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier KCT0002317.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Joung
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyo Cho
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital of Catholic University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yo-Chan Ahn
- Department of Health Service Management, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Carreira H, Williams R, Strongman H, Bhaskaran K. Identification of mental health and quality of life outcomes in primary care databases in the UK: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029227. [PMID: 31270119 PMCID: PMC6609128 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarise the definitions and combinations of codes used to identify outcomes of anxiety, depression, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction (including mild cognitive dysfunction and dementia), sexual dysfunction, pain, sleep disorders, and fatal and non-fatal self-harm in studies using electronic health records from primary care databases in the UK. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase and lists of publications of the main primary care databases in the UK. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Included data from a UK primary care database and studied outcome(s) of interest. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS We abstracted information on the outcomes definition and codelists. When necessary, authors were contacted to request codelists. RESULTS 120 studies were eligible. Codelists were available for 17/42 studies of depression; 21/41 studies of fatal and non-fatal self-harm; 17/27 studies of dementia/cognitive dysfunction; 5/12 studies of anxiety; 4/8 studies of pain; 3/6 studies of fatigue and sexual dysfunction; 1/2 studies of sleep disorders. Depression was most often defined using codes for diagnoses (37/42 studies) and/or antidepressants prescriptions (21/42 studies); six studies reported including symptoms in their definition. Anxiety was defined with codes for diagnoses (12/12 studies); four studies also reported including symptoms. Fatal self-harm was ascertained in primary care data linked to the Office for National Statistics mortality database in nine studies. Most studies of cognitive dysfunction included Alzheimer's disease, and vascular and frontotemporal dementia. Fatigue definitions varied little, including chronic fatigue syndrome, neurasthenia and postviral fatigue syndrome. All studies of sexual dysfunction focused on male conditions, principally erectile dysfunction. Sleep disorders included insomnia and hypersomnia. There was substantial variability in the codelists; validation was carried out i21/120 studies. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for standardised definitions and validated list of codes to assess mental health and quality of life outcomes in primary care databases in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Carreira
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
| | - Rachael Williams
- Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | - Helen Strongman
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
| | - Krishnan Bhaskaran
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
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Abstract
Sensory polyneuropathies, which are caused by dysfunction of peripheral sensory nerve fibers, are a heterogeneous group of disorders that range from the common diabetic neuropathy to the rare sensory neuronopathies. The presenting symptoms, acuity, time course, severity, and subsequent morbidity vary and depend on the type of fiber that is affected and the underlying cause. Damage to small thinly myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers results in neuropathic pain, whereas damage to large myelinated sensory afferents results in proprioceptive deficits and ataxia. The causes of these disorders are diverse and include metabolic, toxic, infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, and genetic conditions. Idiopathic sensory polyneuropathies are common although they should be considered a diagnosis of exclusion. The diagnostic evaluation involves electrophysiologic testing including nerve conduction studies, histopathologic analysis of nerve tissue, serum studies, and sometimes autonomic testing and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. The treatment of these diseases depends on the underlying cause and may include immunotherapy, mitigation of risk factors, symptomatic treatment, and gene therapy, such as the recently developed RNA interference and antisense oligonucleotide therapies for transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Many of these disorders have no directed treatment, in which case management remains symptomatic and supportive. More research is needed into the underlying pathophysiology of nerve damage in these polyneuropathies to guide advances in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Graham Gwathmey
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Neurology, 1101 E. Marshall Street, PO Box 980599, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Kathleen T Pearson
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Neurology, 1101 E. Marshall Street, PO Box 980599, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Decreased Expression of the CD57 Molecule in T Lymphocytes of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6581-6585. [PMID: 30895436 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by a prolonged incapacitating fatigue, headaches, sleep disturbances, and decreases in cognition, besides alterations in other physiological functions. At present, no specific biological markers have been described in this pathology. In the present study, we analyzed in lymphocytes the CD57 expression for the diagnosis of CFS, evaluating both the percentage of blood lymphocytes expressing CD57 and the average amount of the molecule expressed per cell. The study demonstrated a marked and significant decrease in the expression of CD57 in lymphocytes of CFS patients regarding healthy controls. In T lymphocytes, the decrease was significant both in the percentage of cells expressing CD57 (7.5 ± 1.2 vs 13.3 ± 1.6, p = 0.024) and in a more relevant way in the amount of CD57 molecule expressed per cell (331 ± 59 vs 1003 ± 104, p ≤ 0.0001). In non-T lymphocytes, the decrease was significant only in the amount of CD57 expressed per cell (379 ± 114 vs 691 ± 95, p = 0.007). The study of CD57 antigen in blood lymphocytes is a useful marker that could cooperate in the diagnosis of CFS patients. Its decrease in T lymphocytes provides most valuable results than the results in other lymphocyte subpopulations.
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Wolfe F, Schmukler J, Jamal S, Castrejon I, Gibson KA, Srinivasan S, Häuser W, Pincus T. Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia: Disagreement Between Fibromyalgia Criteria and Clinician-Based Fibromyalgia Diagnosis in a University Clinic. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019; 71:343-351. [PMID: 30724039 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have suggested that fibromyalgia is inaccurately diagnosed in the community, and that ~75% of persons reporting a physician diagnosis of fibromyalgia would not satisfy published criteria. To investigate possible diagnostic misclassification, we compared expert physician diagnosis with published criteria. METHODS In a university rheumatology clinic, 497 patients completed the Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MD-HAQ) and the 2010 American College of Rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria modified for self-administration during their ordinary medical visits. Patients were evaluated and diagnosed by university rheumatology staff. RESULTS Of the 497 patients, 121 (24.3%) satisfied the fibromyalgia criteria, while 104 (20.9%) received a clinician International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis of fibromyalgia. The agreement between clinicians and criteria was 79.2%. However, agreement beyond chance was only fair (κ = 0.41). Physicians failed to identify 60 criteria-positive patients (49.6%) and incorrectly identified 43 criteria-negative patients (11.4%). In a subset of 88 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the kappa value was 0.32, indicating slight to fair agreement. Universally, higher polysymptomatic distress scores and criteria-based diagnosis were associated with more abnormal MD-HAQ clinical scores. Women and patients with more symptoms but fewer pain areas were more likely to receive a clinician's diagnosis than to satisfy fibromyalgia criteria. CONCLUSION There is considerable disagreement between ICD clinical diagnosis and criteria-based diagnosis of fibromyalgia, calling into question ICD-based studies. Fibromyalgia criteria were easy to use, but problems regarding clinician bias, meaning of a fibromyalgia diagnosis, and the validity of physician diagnosis were substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Wolfe
- Arthritis Diseases Center, National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases, and University of Wichita School of Medicine, Wichita, Kansas
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Brinth L, Pors K, Spahic JM, Sutton R, Fedorowski A, Mehlsen J. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) in Denmark: Increasingly recognized or new epidemic? Auton Neurosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hatziagelaki E, Adamaki M, Tsilioni I, Dimitriadis G, Theoharides TC. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-Metabolic Disease or Disturbed Homeostasis due to Focal Inflammation in the Hypothalamus? J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:155-167. [PMID: 30076265 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.250845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex disease characterized by debilitating fatigue, lasting for at least 6 months, with associated malaise, headaches, sleep disturbance, and cognitive impairment, which severely impacts quality of life. A significant percentage of ME/CFS patients remain undiagnosed, mainly due to the complexity of the disease and the lack of reliable objective biomarkers. ME/CFS patients display decreased metabolism and the severity of symptoms appears to be directly correlated to the degree of metabolic reduction that may be unique to each individual patient. However, the precise pathogenesis is still unknown, preventing the development of effective treatments. The ME/CFS phenotype has been associated with abnormalities in energy metabolism, which are apparently due to mitochondrial dysfunction in the absence of mitochondrial diseases, resulting in reduced oxidative metabolism. Such mitochondria may be further contributing to the ME/CFS symptomatology by extracellular secretion of mitochondrial DNA, which could act as an innate pathogen and create an autoinflammatory state in the hypothalamus. We propose that stimulation of hypothalamic mast cells by environmental, neuroimmune, pathogenic and stress triggers activates microglia, leading to focal inflammation in the brain and disturbed homeostasis. This process could be targeted for the development of novel effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erifili Hatziagelaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon General Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (E.H., M.A., G.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology (I.T., T.C.T.) and Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences (T.C.T.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (T.C.T.)
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon General Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (E.H., M.A., G.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology (I.T., T.C.T.) and Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences (T.C.T.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (T.C.T.)
| | - Irene Tsilioni
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon General Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (E.H., M.A., G.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology (I.T., T.C.T.) and Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences (T.C.T.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (T.C.T.)
| | - George Dimitriadis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon General Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (E.H., M.A., G.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology (I.T., T.C.T.) and Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences (T.C.T.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (T.C.T.)
| | - Theoharis C Theoharides
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon General Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (E.H., M.A., G.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology (I.T., T.C.T.) and Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences (T.C.T.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (T.C.T.)
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Pietrangelo T, Fulle S, Coscia F, Gigliotti PV, Fanò-Illic G. Old muscle in young body: an aphorism describing the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Eur J Transl Myol 2018; 28:7688. [PMID: 30344981 PMCID: PMC6176399 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2018.7688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) otherwise known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), is a debilitating syndrome whose identification is very complex due to lack of precise diagnostic criteria. This pathology begins with limitations in duration and intensity of exercise and rapid onset of pain during physical activity. Its etiology is unknown, and symptoms are not limited to the muscles. Epidemiology is rather difficult to delimit, even if it affects mainly young (20-40 years), female subjects. The results of muscular research show some peculiarities that can justify what has been observed in vivo. In particular, 1. presence of oxidative damage of lipid component of biological membranes and DNA not compensated by the increase of the scavenger activity; 2. Excitation-Contraction (E-C) alteration with modification of Ca2+ transport; 3. passage from slow to fast fiber phenotype; 4. inability to increase glucose uptake; 5. presence of mitochondrial dysfunction; and 6. genes expressed differentially (particularly those involved in energy production). The skeletal muscles of CFS / ME patients show a significant alteration of the oxidative balance due to mitochondrial alteration and of the fiber phenotype composition as shown in sarcopenic muscles of the elderly. Vice versa, the muscle catabolism does not appear to be involved in the onset of this syndrome. The data support the hypothesis that patients with CFS are subjected to some of the problems typical for muscle aging, which is probably related to disorders of muscle protein synthesis and biogenesis of mitochondria. Patients with CFS can benefit from an appropriate training program because no evidence suggests that physical exercise worsens symptoms. Type, intensity and duration of any physical activity that activates muscle contraction (including Electrical Stimulation) require further investigation even if it is known that non-exhaustive physical activity decreases painful symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
| | - Francesco Coscia
- Sport Medicine Service of Autonome Provinz Bozen, San Candido-Innichen, Italy
- Laboratory of Sport Physiology, San Candido-Innichen, Italy
| | - Paola Virginia Gigliotti
- Sport Medicine Service of Autonome Provinz Bozen, San Candido-Innichen, Italy
- Laboratory of Sport Physiology, San Candido-Innichen, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fanò-Illic
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy
- Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, Italy
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Collin SM, Bakken IJ, Nazareth I, Crawley E, White PD. Health care resource use by patients before and after a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME): a clinical practice research datalink study. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2017; 18:60. [PMID: 28476151 PMCID: PMC5420108 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-017-0635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Our aim was to investigate patterns of health care resource use by patients before and after a diagnosis of CFS/ME, as recorded by Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GP practices in the UK. Methods We used a case–control study design in which patients who had a first recorded diagnosis of CFS/ME during the period 01/01/2001 to 31/12/2013 were matched 1:1 with controls by age, sex, and GP practice. We compared rates of GP consultations, diagnostic tests, prescriptions, referrals, and symptoms between the two groups from 15 years (in adults) or 10 years (in children) before diagnosis to 10 years after diagnosis. Results Data were available for 6710 adult and 916 child (age <18 years) matched case–control pairs. Rates of GP consultations, diagnostic tests, prescriptions, referrals, and symptoms spiked dramatically in the year when a CFS/ME diagnosis was recorded. GP consultation rates were 50% higher in adult cases compared to controls 11–15 years before diagnosis (rate ratio (RR) 1.49 (95% CI 1.46, 1.52)) and 56% higher 6–10 years after diagnosis (RR 1.56 (1.54, 1.57)). In children, consultation rates in cases were 45% higher 6–10 years before diagnosis (RR 1.45 (1.40, 1.51)) and 62% higher 6–10 years after diagnosis (RR 1.62 (1.54, 1.70)). For adults and children, rates of tests, prescriptions, referrals, and symptoms were higher in cases compared to controls for up to 10 years before and after diagnosis. Conclusions Adults and children with CFS/ME have greater health care needs than the rest of the population for at least ten years before their diagnosis, and these higher levels of health care resource use continue for at least ten years after diagnosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12875-017-0635-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Collin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Inger J Bakken
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irwin Nazareth
- Primary Care and Population Science, UCL Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Esther Crawley
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Peter D White
- Psychological Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts, London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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