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Song K, Zhou FJ, Niu GF, Fan CY, Zhou ZK. The Association between Cyberbullying Victimization and Depression among Children: A Moderated Mediation Model. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:414. [PMID: 38785904 PMCID: PMC11118989 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyberbullying victimization is becoming more prevalent and adversely affects mental health. This research explores the relationship between the two variables and the underlying mechanism, especially for children, as the impact of mental health in childhood might last a lifetime. Primary school students (N = 344; Mage = 9.90; 43.90% girls) completed self-report questionnaires regarding cyberbullying victimization, self-perceived social competence, optimism, and depression at school. Gender and grade were controlled as covariates. Depression was positively predicted by cyberbullying victimization, while self-perceived social competence played a partially mediating role. In addition, optimism directly and indirectly moderated the effects of cyberbullying victimization on depression. Specifically, the effects were stronger for children with low levels of optimism. Therefore, efforts to enhance children's self-perceived social competence and optimism may reduce their depression resulting from cyberbullying victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuai Song
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; (K.S.); (F.-J.Z.); (G.-F.N.); (C.-Y.F.)
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Preschool Education, Hubei Preschool Teachers College, Ezhou 436032, China
| | - Feng-Juan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; (K.S.); (F.-J.Z.); (G.-F.N.); (C.-Y.F.)
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Administrative Office, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Geng-Feng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; (K.S.); (F.-J.Z.); (G.-F.N.); (C.-Y.F.)
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Cui-Ying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; (K.S.); (F.-J.Z.); (G.-F.N.); (C.-Y.F.)
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zong-Kui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; (K.S.); (F.-J.Z.); (G.-F.N.); (C.-Y.F.)
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Bennett D, Radulescu A, Zorowitz S, Felso V, Niv Y. Affect-congruent attention modulates generalized reward expectations. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011707. [PMID: 38127874 PMCID: PMC10781156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive and negative affective states are respectively associated with optimistic and pessimistic expectations regarding future reward. One mechanism that might underlie these affect-related expectation biases is attention to positive- versus negative-valence features (e.g., attending to the positive reviews of a restaurant versus its expensive price). Here we tested the effects of experimentally induced positive and negative affect on feature-based attention in 120 participants completing a compound-generalization task with eye-tracking. We found that participants' reward expectations for novel compound stimuli were modulated in an affect-congruent way: positive affect induction increased reward expectations for compounds, whereas negative affect induction decreased reward expectations. Computational modelling and eye-tracking analyses each revealed that these effects were driven by affect-congruent changes in participants' allocation of attention to high- versus low-value features of compounds. These results provide mechanistic insight into a process by which affect produces biases in generalized reward expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bennett
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Angela Radulescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sam Zorowitz
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Valkyrie Felso
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yael Niv
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
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Liu Y, Zhou F, Zhang R, Feng T. The para-hippocampal-medial frontal gyrus functional connectivity mediates the relationship between dispositional optimism and procrastination. Behav Brain Res 2023; 448:114463. [PMID: 37127062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Procrastination is a prevalent phenomenon throughout the world, which can lead to worse consequences across life domains, such as academic performance, mental health, and even public policy. Despite the evidence for the association between dispositional optimism and procrastination, the neural mechanisms underlying this link remain unexplored. To address this issue, we employed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) methods to explore the underlying links between dispositional optimism and procrastination in a large sample (N=408). The self-report results showed that dispositional optimism was negatively associated with procrastination (r= -.30, p<.001). The VBM analysis indicated that dispositional optimism was positively correlated with gray matter volumes (GMV) in the right para-hippocampal (rPHC), and negatively correlated with GMV in the left cerebellum. Moreover, the functional connectivity analysis with the rPHC as a seed region revealed that rPHC-rMFC (right medial frontal gyrus) functional connectivity was negatively associated with dispositional optimism. Furthermore, the mediation analysis showed that the rPHC-rMFC connectivity partially mediated the relationship between dispositional optimism and procrastination. These results suggested that the rPHC-rMFC connectivity engaged in less task aversiveness by episodic prospection may underlie the association between dispositional optimism and procrastination, which provides a new perspective to understand the relationship between dispositional optimism and procrastination. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, China.
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Association of pessimism with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 76:91-98. [PMID: 36462555 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Poor psychological health is associated with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, cardiac syndrome X, coronary microcirculatory dysfunction, peripheral artery disease, or spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Data regarding pessimism, cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality and all-cause mortality remained inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to provide an overview of the association between pessimism, CVD outcomes and mortality. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted from inception through July 2022 for studies evaluating pessimism and adverse outcomes. A total of 17 studies published between 1966 and July 2022 met our inclusion criteria, for a total of 232,533 individuals. Pooled hazard ratios were calculated in random-effects meta-analyses. Based on pooled analysis of adjusted HRs, pessimism was associated with adjusted HR of 1.13 (95% CI 1.07-1.19) for all-cause mortality with minimal heterogeneity (I2 = 28.5%). Based on pooled analysis of adjusted HRs, pessimism was associated with adjusted HR of 1.30 (95% CI 0.43-3.95) for CHD mortality, adjusted HR of 1.41 (95% CI 1.05-1.91) for CVD mortality, and adjusted HR of 1.43 (95% CI 0.64-3.16) for stroke. In conclusion, pessimism seems to be significantly associated with a higher risk for and poorer outcomes from CVD events than optimistic styles. There are genetic and other bases for these life approaches, but behavioral, cognitive and meditative interventions can modify patients' level of pessimism, hopefully leading to better medical outcomes. Testing this theory would yield highly useful and practical data for clinical care.
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Medina-Craven MN, Ostermeier K, Sigdyal P, McLarty BD. Personality research in the 21st century: new developments and directions for the field. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT HISTORY 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jmh-06-2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to systematically examine and classify the multitude of personality traits that have emerged in the literature beyond the Big Five (Five Factor Model) since the turn of the 21st century. The authors argue that this represents a new phase of personality research that is characterized both by construct proliferation and a movement away from the Big Five and demonstrates how personality as a construct has substantially evolved in the 21st century.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a comprehensive, systematic review of personality research from 2000 to 2020 across 17 management and psychology journals. This search yielded 1,901 articles, of which 440 were relevant and subsequently coded for this review.
Findings
The review presented in this study uncovers 155 traits, beyond the Big Five, that have been explored, which the authors organize and analyze into 10 distinct categories. Each category comprises a definition, lists the included traits and highlights an exemplar construct. The authors also specify the significant research outcomes associated with each trait category.
Originality/value
This review categorizes the 155 personality traits that have emerged in the management and psychology literature that describe personality beyond the Big Five. Based on these findings, this study proposes new avenues for future research and offers insights into the future of the field as the concept of personality has shifted in the 21st century.
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Kiegler S, Wulf T, Nolzen N, Meissner P. Psychological capital and strategic decision outcomes. JOURNAL OF STRATEGY AND MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jsma-03-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeA large body of research has analyzed individual psychological characteristics as antecedents of strategic decision-making. However, this research has mainly focused on trait-based characteristics that explain impaired strategic decision outcomes. Recently, PsyCap has been proposed as an alternative driver of strategic decision outcomes that, in contrast to other drivers, can be influenced by management.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on research on psychological capital (PsyCap), a psychological construct conceptualized as a state-like individual strength that is malleable, the authors argue that PsyCap exerts an inverted curvilinear effect on strategic decision outcomes. The authors use a computerized strategic decision simulation involving 102 managers to empirically test our hypotheses.FindingsThe authors show that PsyCap improves strategic decision outcomes up to an inflection point, after which it negatively affects those outcomes. The authors also show that this effect is mediated by heuristic information processing.Research limitations/implicationsFor the empirical study the authors relied on a sample of 102 practicing managers from the financial services industry in Germany.Practical implicationsPsyCap has been shown to be malleable through, for instance, micro-interventions and dedicated web-based trainings. Therefore, depending on managers' PsyCap levels, either further increases in PsyCap or a regulation of this characteristic might be appropriate in order to optimize strategic decision outcomes.Social implicationsAs a state-like individual strength that is malleable, PsyCap might serve as a management characteristic that is particularly important in challenging situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to research on strategic decision making by introducing PsyCap as an important antecedent of strategic decision outcomes that – in contrast to other individual characteristics – is state-like and, hence, malleable.
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The Modulation of Cardiac Vagal Tone on Attentional Orienting of Fair-Related Faces: Low HRV is Associated with Faster Attentional Engagement to Fair-Relevant Stimuli. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 22:229-243. [PMID: 34580840 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current experiment examined the effect of fair-related stimuli on attentional orienting and the role of cardiac vagal tone indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). Neutral faces were associated with fair and unfair offers in the Ultimatum Game (UG). After the UG, participants performed the spatial cueing task in which targets were preceded by face cues that made fair or unfair offers in the UG. Participants showed faster attentional engagement to fair-related stimuli, which was more pronounced in individuals with lower resting HRV-indexing reduced cardiac vagal tone. Also, people showed delayed attentional disengagement from fair-related stimuli, which was not correlated with HRV. The current research provided initial evidence that fair-related social information influences spatial attention, which is associated with cardiac vagal tone. These results provide further evidence that the difficulty in attentional control associated with reduced cardiac vagal tone may extend to a broader social and moral context.
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Aue T, Dricu M, Singh L, Moser DA, Raviteja K. Enhanced Sensitivity to Optimistic Cues is Manifested in Brain Structure: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:1170-1181. [PMID: 34128051 PMCID: PMC8599192 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research shows that congruent outcomes are more rapidly (and incongruent less rapidly) detected when individuals receive optimistic rather than pessimistic cues, an effect that was termed optimism robustness. In the current voxel-based morphometry study, we examined whether optimism robustness has a counterpart in brain structure. The participants' task was to detect two different letters (symbolizing monetary gain or loss) in a visual search matrix. Prior to each onset of the search matrix, two different verbal cues informed our participants about a high probability to gain (optimistic expectancy) or lose (pessimistic expectancy) money. The target presented was either congruent or incongruent with these induced expectancies. Optimism robustness revealed in the participants' reaction times correlated positively with gray matter volume (GMV) in brain regions involved in selective attention (medial visual association area, intraparietal sulcus), emphasizing the strong intertwinement of optimistic expectancies and attention deployment. In addition, GMV in the primary visual cortex diminished with increasing optimism robustness, in line with the interpretation of optimism robustness arising from a global, context-oriented perception. Future studies should address the malleability of these structural correlates of optimism robustness. Our results may assist in the identification of treatment targets in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Aue
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mihai Dricu
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Singh
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominik A Moser
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Busseri MA. How Dispositional Optimists and Pessimists Evaluate their Past, Present and Anticipated Future Life Satisfaction: A Lifespan Approach. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dispositional optimism is typically conceptualized with respect to generalized positive expectancies for personal future outcomes. The present work draws on lifespan development theory to evaluate how dispositional optimists and pessimists from across the lifespan evaluate their past, present and anticipated future life satisfaction (LS). Using data from an American probability sample (n = 3871, ages = 30–84 years, 55% female), I compared dispositional optimists and pessimists across six age decades. Subjective LS trajectories reflected in mean trends in ratings of past, present and future LS were contoured by lifestage, revealing inclining trajectories among young dispositional optimists and pessimists and declining trajectories among older optimists and pessimists. After adjusting for age–specific normative trends, however, differences between dispositional optimists and pessimists in subjective LS trajectories were consistent across lifestage, revealing a single dissociative pattern wherein optimists rated their past, present and anticipated future LS more positively than did pessimists. Of the three temporal perspectives, evaluations of present (rather than past or future) LS were most consistently related to dispositional optimism. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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10
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Trevarthen AC, Kappel S, Roberts C, Finnegan EM, Paul ES, Planas-Sitjà I, Mendl MT, Fureix C. Measuring affect-related cognitive bias: Do mice in opposite affective states react differently to negative and positive stimuli? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226438. [PMID: 31887167 PMCID: PMC6936852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Affect-driven cognitive biases can be used as an indicator of affective (emotional) state. Since humans in negative affective states demonstrate greater responses to negatively-valenced stimuli, we investigated putative affect-related bias in mice by monitoring their response to unexpected, task-irrelevant stimuli of different valence. Thirty-one C57BL/6J and 31 DBA/2J females were individually trained to return to their home-cage in a runway. Mice then underwent an affective manipulation acutely inducing a negative (NegAff) or a comparatively less negative (CompLessNeg) affective state before immediately being tested in the runway with either an ‘attractive’ (familiar food) or ‘threatening’ (flashing light) stimulus. Mice were subsequently trained and tested again (same affective manipulation) with the alternative stimulus. As predicted, mice were slower to approach the light and spent more time with the food. DBA/2J mice were slower than C57BL/6J overall. Contrary to predictions, NegAff mice tended to approach both stimuli more readily than CompLessNeg mice, especially the light, and even more so for DBA/2Js. Although the stimuli successfully differentiated the response of mice to unexpected, task-irrelevant stimuli, further refinement may be required to disentangle the effects of affect manipulation and arousal on the response to valenced stimuli. The results also highlight the significant importance of considering strain differences when developing cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Trevarthen
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Kappel
- School of Biological & Marine Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Roberts
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emily M. Finnegan
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth S. Paul
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac Planas-Sitjà
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael T. Mendl
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Carole Fureix
- School of Biological & Marine Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
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Yetton BD, Revord J, Margolis S, Lyubomirsky S, Seitz AR. Cognitive and Physiological Measures in Well-Being Science: Limitations and Lessons. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1630. [PMID: 31354601 PMCID: PMC6640165 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Social and personality psychology have been criticized for overreliance on potentially biased self-report variables. In well-being science, researchers have called for more "objective" physiological and cognitive measures to evaluate the efficacy of well-being-increasing interventions. This may now be possible with the recent rise of cost-effective, commercially available wireless physiological recording devices and smartphone-based cognitive testing. We sought to determine whether cognitive and physiological measures, coupled with machine learning methods, could quantify the effects of positive interventions. The current 2-part study used a college sample (N = 245) to contrast the cognitive (memory, attention, construal) and physiological (autonomic, electroencephalogram) effects of engaging in one of two randomly assigned writing activities (i.e., prosocial or "antisocial"). In the prosocial condition, participants described an interaction when they acted in a kind way, then described an interaction when they received kindness. In the "antisocial" condition, participants wrote instead about an interaction when they acted in an unkind way and received unkindness, respectively. Our study replicated previous research on the beneficial effects of recalling prosocial experiences as assessed by self-report. However, we did not detect an effect of the positive or negative activity intervention on either cognitive or physiological measures. More research is needed to investigate under what conditions cognitive and physiological measures may be applicable, but our findings lead us to conclude that they should not be unilaterally favored over the traditional self-report approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Yetton
- Cognitive Science Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Julia Revord
- Cognitive Science Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Seth Margolis
- Cognitive Science Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sonja Lyubomirsky
- Cognitive Science Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Aaron R. Seitz
- Cognitive Science Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Luo L, Reimert I, de Haas EN, Kemp B, Bolhuis JE. Effects of early and later life environmental enrichment and personality on attention bias in pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus). Anim Cogn 2019; 22:959-972. [PMID: 31250144 PMCID: PMC6834757 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-019-01287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigated effects of early and later life housing on attention bias, as an indicator of affective state, in pigs differing in coping style [reactive (LR) vs. proactive (HR)]. Pigs (n = 128) in barren or enriched housing from birth (B1 vs. E1) that experienced either a switch in housing at 7 weeks of age or not (creating B1B2, B1E2, E1E2, and E1B2 treatments), were studied in a 180-s attention bias test at 11 weeks. Pigs exposed to a 10-s-auditory-and-sudden-motion threat in the test arena paid more attention to the location of the threat, were more vigilant, showed less eating, more walking and were more likely to utter high-pitched vocalisations than non-threat pigs. During threat presence, HR pigs from post-switch enriched housing (E2-HR, i.e., B1E2 + E1E2) showed more vigilance but less exploration than others. After threat removal, no effects were found on time spent paying attention to the threat, vigilance, and eating, but E2-HR pigs paid attention to the threat more frequently, were more likely to utter high-pitched vocalisations and walked more compared to (part of) other groups, suggesting the most negative affective state in these animals. E2 pigs grunted more than B2 pigs. Thus, current housing, but not early life housing, affected behaviour in a personality-dependent manner in this attention bias test. Housing effects were opposite to expectation, possibly due to the short-term effect of the relative contrast between the home pens of the pigs and the test room. This potentially overruled putative long-term effects of environmental conditions on attention bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Luo
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inonge Reimert
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elske N de Haas
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Elizabeth Bolhuis
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Afolabi OA, Dennis U. Reciprocal altruism: It’s relationship to locus of control and dispositional optimism among Nigerian undergraduates. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2019.1594652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode AyoOluwa Afolabi
- Department of Pure and Applied Psychology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Uba Dennis
- Department of Pure and Applied Psychology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Schlett C, Pauls N, Soucek R. Der Einfluss von Resilienz auf qualitative Formen der Arbeitszufriedenheit. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ARBEITS-UND ORGANISATIONSPSYCHOLOGIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Das Arbeitszufriedenheitsmodell von Bruggemann (1974) unterscheidet qualitative Arbeitszufriedenheitsformen (AZ-Formen), die sich auf das Befinden bei der Arbeit auswirken. Obwohl diese AZ-Formen auf individuellen Verarbeitungsprozessen basieren, wurden deren personenbezogene Einflussfaktoren bisher nur selten untersucht. Die vorliegende Arbeit überprüft diesbezüglich den Einfluss der individuellen Resilienz auf die AZ-Formen und untersucht deren Auswirkungen auf das Befinden bei der Arbeit. Hierzu wurden drei Studien mit insgesamt 477 Beschäftigten in drei Unternehmen durchgeführt. Außer den AZ-Formen wurden in diesen Studien die Arbeitsbelastung, personale Ressourcen der Resilienz (Selbstwirksamkeit, Optimismus und Achtsamkeit), resilientes Verhalten bei der Arbeit, Arbeitsengagement und psychische Befindensbeeinträchtigungen erfasst. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Bedeutsamkeit der Resilienz für die qualitative Form der Arbeitszufriedenheit und bieten Ansatzpunkte, wie AZ-Formen, die mit Befindensbeeinträchtigungen einhergehen, begegnet werden kann.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Pauls
- Wirtschaftspsychologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
| | - Roman Soucek
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lehrstuhl für Psychologie, insbes. Wirtschafts- und Sozialpsychologie
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Kress L, Bristle M, Aue T. Seeing through rose-colored glasses: How optimistic expectancies guide visual attention. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193311. [PMID: 29466420 PMCID: PMC5821386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimism bias and positive attention bias have important highly similar implications for mental health but have only been examined in isolation. Investigating the causal relationships between these biases can improve the understanding of their underlying cognitive mechanisms, leading to new directions in neurocognitive research and revealing important information about normal functioning as well as the development, maintenance, and treatment of psychological diseases. In the current project, we hypothesized that optimistic expectancies can exert causal influences on attention deployment. To test this causal relation, we conducted two experiments in which we manipulated optimistic and pessimistic expectancies regarding future rewards and punishments. In a subsequent visual search task, we examined participants’ attention to positive (i.e., rewarding) and negative (i.e., punishing) target stimuli, measuring their eye gaze behavior and reaction times. In both experiments, participants’ attention was guided toward reward compared with punishment when optimistic expectancies were induced. Additionally, in Experiment 2, participants’ attention was guided toward punishment compared with reward when pessimistic expectancies were induced. However, the effect of optimistic (rather than pessimistic) expectancies on attention deployment was stronger. A key characteristic of optimism bias is that people selectively update expectancies in an optimistic direction, not in a pessimistic direction, when receiving feedback. As revealed in our studies, selective attention to rewarding versus punishing evidence when people are optimistic might explain this updating asymmetry. Thus, the current data can help clarify why optimistic expectancies are difficult to overcome. Our findings elucidate the cognitive mechanisms underlying optimism and attention bias, which can yield a better understanding of their benefits for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kress
- Division of Experimental Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Mirko Bristle
- Division of Experimental Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tatjana Aue
- Division of Experimental Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Puig-Perez S, Pulopulos MM, Hidalgo V, Salvador A. Being an optimist or a pessimist and its relationship with morning cortisol release and past life review in healthy older people. Psychol Health 2017; 33:783-799. [PMID: 29166781 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1408807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the relationship between optimism and pessimism and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and past life review in healthy older people. DESIGN 76 older volunteers summarised their lives, highlighting the most important events, impressions and experiences. Cortisol saliva samples were collected on two consecutive weekdays. High and low optimism and pessimism groups were computed by mean split. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Percentages of positive (PE) and negative events (NE) and positive (PCE) and negative cognitions and emotions (NCE) were obtained. Optimism and pessimism were measured with the Life Orientation Test Revised. The areas under the curve with respect to the ground and with respect to the increase were computed, with the latter understood as the CAR. RESULTS The high pessimism group reported more NE and NCE and less PE and PCE (p's < 0.041). No significant differences in CAR were found between high and low optimism and pessimism groups after removing suspected non-adherent participants (p's > 0.116). Higher CAR was related to lower PCE, but higher NCE (both p < 0.008). CONCLUSION Pessimism seems to increase the focus on negative aspects of the past, which may lead to a worse perception of life in ageing, whereas optimism contributes to a healthier CAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Puig-Perez
- a Health Department of the International University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain.,b Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and IDOCAL , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - M M Pulopulos
- b Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and IDOCAL , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain.,c Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - V Hidalgo
- b Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and IDOCAL , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain.,d Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology , University of Zaragoza , Teruel , Spain
| | - A Salvador
- b Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and IDOCAL , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
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Liao J, Wang L. The Structure of the Chinese Material Value Scale: An Eastern Cultural View. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1852. [PMID: 29163258 PMCID: PMC5663811 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the structure of the Chinese Material Value Scale (MVS). A two-factor structure, rather than the original three-factor structure, was proposed for China by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Direct evidence showed that the dimensions of success and happiness could be merged together. Both explicit and implicit methods were used to examine the relationship between success and happiness based on possession. In particular, as an implicit method, the dot-probe paradigm recording participants’ response time supported the idea that the two-factors could be merged together. The results also showed that for Chinese people, success to an extent means happiness, while the converse is not necessarily true. Chinese are much more concerned about social evaluation than their own feelings, and this cultural characteristic is reflected in our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangqun Liao
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behaviour and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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20
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Tetzner J, Becker M. Think Positive? Examining the Impact of Optimism on Academic Achievement in Early Adolescents. J Pers 2017; 86:283-295. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tetzner
- German Institute for International Educational Research
| | - Michael Becker
- German Institute for International Educational Research
- Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education
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21
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Kim SA, Kim H, Kim SH. Reappraisal Modulates Attentional Bias to Angry Faces. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1841. [PMID: 27920749 PMCID: PMC5118951 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heightened attentional bias to emotional information is one of the main characteristics of disorders related to emotion dysregulation such as anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. Although reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy, is known to effectively modulate subjective experience of emotions, it remains unknown whether reappraisal can alter attentional biases to emotional information. In the current research, we investigated the influence of instruction-induced state reappraisal (Study 1) and trait reappraisal (Study 2) on attentional biases to happy and angry faces. In Study 1, healthy young women were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the three groups: up-, down-, and no-regulation. Participants were instructed to reappraise their emotions to increase and decrease emotional experience while viewing an emotionally negative film clip. Attentional bias was assessed with a dot-probe task with pictures of angry and happy facial expressions. In Study 2, a separate group of healthy young men and women participated. Participants’ trait reappraisal and suppression as well as state and trait anxiety were assessed. A dot-probe task was completed by all participants. Statistical tests in Study 1 revealed that participants who reappraised to decrease negative emotions while viewing an emotionally negative film clip had reduced attentional bias to subsequently presented angry faces compared to participants who reappraised to increase negative emotions. Multiple regression analyses in Study 2 revealed that trait reappraisal predicted slower orienting toward angry faces, whereas state anxiety predicted slower disengagement from angry faces. Interestingly, trait suppression predicted slower disengagement from happy faces. Taken together, these results suggest that both instruction-induced state reappraisal and trait reappraisal are linked to reduced attentional bias to negative information and contribute to better understanding of how everyday emotion regulation styles contribute to attentional processing of emotional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ah Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hackjin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Korea University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Zheng T, Qu W, Zhang K, Ge Y. The relationship between attentional bias toward safety and driving behavior. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 96:22-28. [PMID: 27490776 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As implicit cognitive processes garner more and more importance, studies in the fields of healthy psychology and organizational safety research have focused on attentional bias, a kind of selective allocation of attentional resources in the early stage of cognitive processing. However, few studies have explored the role of attentional bias on driving behavior. This study assessed drivers' attentional bias towards safety-related words (ABS) using the dot-probe paradigm and self-reported daily driving behaviors. The results revealed significant negative correlations between attentional bias scores and several indicators of dangerous driving. Drivers with fewer dangerous driving behaviors showed greater ABS. We also built a significant linear regression model between ABS and the total DDDI score, as well as ABS and the number of accidents. Finally, we discussed the possible mechanism underlying these associations and several limitations of our study. This study opens up a new topic for the exploration of implicit processes in driving safety research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weina Qu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Kan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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23
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Kersten M, Cox CR, Van Enkevort EA. An exercise in nostalgia: Nostalgia promotes health optimism and physical activity. Psychol Health 2016; 31:1166-81. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1185524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Miner KN, Cortina LM. Observed Workplace Incivility toward Women, Perceptions of Interpersonal Injustice, and Observer Occupational Well-Being: Differential Effects for Gender of the Observer. Front Psychol 2016; 7:482. [PMID: 27242558 PMCID: PMC4868856 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined perceptions of interpersonal injustice as a mediator of the relationship between observed incivility toward women at work and employees' occupational well-being. We also examined gender of the observer as a moderator of these mediational relationships. Using online survey data from 1702 (51% women; 92% White) employees, results showed that perceptions of injustice partially mediated the relationship between observed incivility toward women and job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and organizational trust. Men reported greater perceptions of injustice than did women the more they observed the uncivil treatment of women at work, and the indirect effects of observed incivility toward women on well-being were stronger for men compared to women. Observed incivility toward women also had direct relationships with the occupational well-being outcomes over and above the impact mediated through injustice, particularly for women. Specifically, observing incivility toward female coworkers directly related to lowered job satisfaction and perceptions of safety for female bystanders. In addition, although both male and female bystanders reported heightened turnover intentions and lowered trust in the organization with higher levels of observed incivility toward women, these relationships were stronger for female than male observers. Our findings both replicate and extend past research on vicarious workplace incivility toward women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathi N Miner
- Department of Psychology and Women's and Gender Studies Program, Texas A&M University College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lilia M Cortina
- Departments of Psychology and Women's Studies, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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25
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Jansen LA, Mahadevan D, Appelbaum PS, Klein WMP, Weinstein ND, Mori M, Daffé R, Sulmasy DP. Dispositional optimism and therapeutic expectations in early-phase oncology trials. Cancer 2016; 122:1238-46. [PMID: 26882017 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has identified unrealistic optimism as a bias that might impair informed consent among patient-subjects in early-phase oncology trials. However, optimism is not a unitary construct; it also can be defined as a general disposition, or what is called dispositional optimism. The authors assessed whether dispositional optimism would be related to high expectations for personal therapeutic benefit reported by patient-subjects in these trials but not to the therapeutic misconception. The authors also assessed how dispositional optimism related to unrealistic optimism. METHODS Patient-subjects completed questionnaires designed to measure expectations for therapeutic benefit, dispositional optimism, unrealistic optimism, and the therapeutic misconception. RESULTS Dispositional optimism was found to be significantly associated with higher expectations for personal therapeutic benefit (Spearman rank correlation coefficient [r], 0.333; P<.0001), but was not associated with the therapeutic misconception (Spearman r, -0.075; P = .329). Dispositional optimism was found to be weakly associated with unrealistic optimism (Spearman r, 0.215; P = .005). On multivariate analysis, both dispositional optimism (P = .02) and unrealistic optimism (P<.0001) were found to be independently associated with high expectations for personal therapeutic benefit. Unrealistic optimism (P = .0001), but not dispositional optimism, was found to be independently associated with the therapeutic misconception. CONCLUSIONS High expectations for therapeutic benefit among patient-subjects in early-phase oncology trials should not be assumed to result from misunderstanding of specific information regarding the trials. The data from the current study indicate that these expectations are associated with either a dispositionally positive outlook on life or biased expectations concerning specific aspects of trial participation. Not all manifestations of optimism are the same, and different types of optimism likely have different consequences for informed consent in early-phase oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn A Jansen
- Madeline Brill Nelson Chair in Ethics Education, Center for Ethics in Health Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Paul S Appelbaum
- Division of Law, Ethics, and Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - William M P Klein
- Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neil D Weinstein
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Motomi Mori
- Department of Cancer Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon
| | - Racky Daffé
- Department of Statistics, Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon
| | - Daniel P Sulmasy
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Divinity School, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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26
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Luo X, Ikani N, Barth A, Rengers L, Becker E, Rinck M. Attention bias modification in specific fears: Spiders versus snakes. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2015; 49:30-6. [PMID: 25958822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Attention Bias Modification (ABM) is used to manipulate attention biases in anxiety disorders. It has been successful in reducing attention biases and anxious symptoms in social anxiety and generalized anxiety, but not yet in specific fears and phobias. METHODS We designed a new version of the dot-probe training task, aiming to train fearful participants' attention away from or towards pictures of threatening stimuli. Moreover, we studied whether the training also affected participants' avoidance behavior and their physical arousal upon being confronted with a real threat object. RESULTS In Experiment 1, students with fear of spiders were trained. We found that the attention manipulation was successful, but the training failed to affect behavior or arousal. In Experiment 2, the same procedure was used on snake-fearful students. Again, attention was trained in the expected directions. Moreover, participants whose attention had been trained away from snakes showed lower physiological arousal upon being confronted with a real snake. LIMITATIONS The study involved healthy students with normal distribution of the fear of spider/snake. Future research with clinical sample could help with determining the generalizability of the current findings. CONCLUSIONS The effect of ABM on specific phobia is still in question. The finding in the present study suggested the possibility to alter attentional bias with a dot-probe task with general positive stimuli and this training could even affect the behavior while encountering a real threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijia Luo
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nessa Ikani
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Barth
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lea Rengers
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eni Becker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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27
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Aging, Emotion, Attention, and Binding in the Taboo Stroop Task: Data and Theories. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:12803-33. [PMID: 26473909 PMCID: PMC4627001 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121012803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
How does aging impact relations between emotion, memory, and attention? To address this question, young and older adults named the font colors of taboo and neutral words, some of which recurred in the same font color or screen location throughout two color-naming experiments. The results indicated longer color-naming response times (RTs) for taboo than neutral base-words (taboo Stroop interference); better incidental recognition of colors and locations consistently associated with taboo versus neutral words (taboo context-memory enhancement); and greater speed-up in color-naming RTs with repetition of color-consistent than color-inconsistent taboo words, but no analogous speed-up with repetition of location-consistent or location-inconsistent taboo words (the consistency type by repetition interaction for taboo words). All three phenomena remained constant with aging, consistent with the transmission deficit hypothesis and binding theory, where familiar emotional words trigger age-invariant reactions for prioritizing the binding of contextual features to the source of emotion. Binding theory also accurately predicted the interaction between consistency type and repetition for taboo words. However, one or more aspects of these phenomena failed to support the inhibition deficit hypothesis, resource capacity theory, or socio-emotional selectivity theory. We conclude that binding theory warrants further test in a range of paradigms, and that relations between aging and emotion, memory, and attention may depend on whether the task and stimuli trigger fast-reaction, involuntary binding processes, as in the taboo Stroop paradigm.
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Positive affect promotes well-being and alleviates depression: The mediating effect of attentional bias. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:482-7. [PMID: 26142834 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study tested whether the relationships among positive affect, psychological well-being, life satisfaction and depression could be explained by positive and negative attentional bias. Structural equation modeling and mediation analyses were conducted based on 565 medical freshmen in China. The model of attentional bias as a mediator between positive affect promoting well-being and decreasing depression fit the data. Finding showed positive affect significantly related to positive and negative attentional biases. People who had higher level of positive affect held more positive attentional bias and less negative attentional bias, and reported higher levels of psychological well-being, life satisfaction and lower levels of depression. The utility of the attentional bias as the mechanism through which positive affect enhances well-being and alleviates depression was supported. Applications in cultivating positive affect and regulating attentional bias in counseling and education are discussed.
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Brief report: Attention to positive information mediates the relationship between hope and psychosocial well-being of adolescents. J Adolesc 2015; 42:98-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Busseri MA, Choma BL. Reevaluating the link between dispositional optimism and positive functioning using a temporally expanded perspective. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2015.1058970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Peters ML, Vieler JS, Lautenbacher S. Dispositional and induced optimism lead to attentional preference for faces displaying positive emotions: An eye-tracker study. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2015.1048816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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32
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Sanchez TA, Mocaiber I, Erthal FS, Joffily M, Volchan E, Pereira MG, de Araujo DB, Oliveira L. Amygdala responses to unpleasant pictures are influenced by task demands and positive affect trait. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:107. [PMID: 25788883 PMCID: PMC4349185 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of attention in emotional processing is still the subject of debate. Recent studies have found that high positive affect in approach motivation narrows attention. Furthermore, the positive affect trait has been suggested as an important component for determining human variability in threat reactivity. We employed functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether different states of attention control would modulate amygdala responses to highly unpleasant pictures relative to neutral and whether this modulation would be influenced by the positive affect trait. Participants (n = 22, 12 male) were scanned while viewing neutral (people) or unpleasant pictures (mutilated bodies) flanked by two peripheral bars. They were instructed to (a) judge the picture content as unpleasant or neutral or (b) to judge the difference in orientation between the bars in an easy condition (0 or 90(∘) orientation difference) or (c) in a hard condition (0 or 6(∘) orientation difference). Whole brain analysis revealed a task main effect of brain areas related to the experimental manipulation of attentional control, including the amygdala, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. Region of interest analysis showed an inverse correlation (r = -0.51, p < 0.01) between left amygdala activation and positive affect level when participants viewed unpleasant stimuli and judged bar orientation in the easy condition. This result suggests that subjects with high positive affect exhibit lower amygdala reactivity to distracting unpleasant pictures. In conclusion, the current study suggests that positive affect modulates attention effect on unpleasant pictures, therefore attenuating emotional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago A Sanchez
- Laboratório de Neuroimagem Convencional e Avançada, Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Izabela Mocaiber
- Polo Universitário de Rio das Ostras, Universidade Federal Fluminense Rio das Ostras, Brazil
| | - Fatima S Erthal
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mateus Joffily
- Groupe d'Analyse et de Theorie Economique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Lyon, France
| | - Eliane Volchan
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mirtes G Pereira
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Draulio B de Araujo
- Instituto do Cérebro/Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil
| | - Leticia Oliveira
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense Niteroi, Brazil
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Voss A, Schwieren C. The dynamics of motivated perception: Effects of control and status on the perception of ambivalent stimuli. Cogn Emot 2014; 29:1411-23. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2014.984660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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[Importance of stressful events moderates dispositional optimism, pessimism and coping strategies]. SHINRIGAKU KENKYU : THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 85:257-65. [PMID: 25272443 DOI: 10.4992/jjpsy.85.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has reported that dispositional optimists tend to take approach-type coping strategies in response to health threats, and as a result, experience positive health benefits. This study investigated whether dispositional optimism or pessimism interacted with the importance that a participant assigned to stressful events to predict their coping behavior. College students (N = 178) participated in the study. The results indicated that the importance participants assigned to stressful events moderated the relationship between dispositional optimism and positive interpretations, as well as the relationship between dispositional pessimism and positive interpretations, abandonment, and avoiding of responsibility. It was concluded that optimistic individuals used positive interpretations for highly important events but not for less- important events. Moreover, less pessimistic individuals also used positive interpretations for highly significant events, and did not use abandonment or avoidance of responsibility; there was no such relationship with less- important events. These findings suggest that individuals high in optimism and low in pessimism are flexible, which plays a valuable role in their self-regulatory behavior.
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Xu Y, Li Y, Wang G, Yuan X, Ding W, Shen Z. Attentional bias toward safety predicts safety behaviors. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2014; 71:144-153. [PMID: 24922613 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Safety studies have primarily focused on how explicit processes and measures affect safety behavior and subsequent accidents and injuries. Recently, safety researchers have paid greater attention to the role of implicit processes. Our research focuses on the role of attentional bias toward safety (ABS) in workplace safety. ABS is a basic, early-stage cognitive process involving the automatic and selective allocation of attentional resources toward safety cues, which reflect the implicit motivational state of employees regarding safety goal. In this study, we used two reaction time-based paradigms to measure the ABS of employees in three studies: two modified Stroop tasks (Studies 1 and 2) and a visual dot-probe task (Study 3). Results revealed that employees with better safety behavior showed significant ABS (Study 2), and greater ABS than employees with poorer safety behavior (Studies 1 and 2). Moreover, ABS was positively associated with the perceived safety climate and safety motivation of employees, both of which mediate the effect of ABS on safety behavior (Study 3). These results contributed to a deeper understanding of how early-stage automatic perceptual processing affects safety behavior. The practical implications of these results were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoshan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Guangxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Weidong Ding
- Research Institute of Nuclear Power Operation of China, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhongxiang Shen
- Research Institute of Nuclear Power Operation of China, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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36
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Lee JS, Keil M, Wong KFE. The Effect of Goal Difficulty on Escalation of Commitment. JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bdm.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Management Information Systems; University of Memphis; Memphis TN USA
| | - Mark Keil
- Department of Computer Information Systems; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Kin Fai Ellick Wong
- Department of Management; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong
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37
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Is the emotional Stroop task a special case of mood induction? Evidence from sustained effects of attention under emotion. Atten Percept Psychophys 2014; 76:81-97. [PMID: 24043566 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-013-0545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sustained effects of emotion are well known in everyday experience. Surprisingly, such effects are seldom recorded in laboratory studies of the emotional Stroop task, in which participants name the color of emotion and neutral words. Color performance is more sluggish with emotion words than with neutral words, the emotional Stroop effect (ESE). The ESE is not sensitive to the order in which the two groups of words are presented, so the effect of exposure to emotion words does not extend to disrupting performance in a subsequent block with neutral words. We attribute this absence of a sustained effect to habituation engendered by excessive repetition of the experimental stimuli. In a series of four experiments, we showed that sustained effects do occur when habituation is removed, and we also showed that the massive exposure to negative stimuli within the ESE paradigm induces a commensurately negative mood. A novel perspective is offered, in which the ESE is considered a special case of mood induction.
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Pool E, Delplanque S, Porcherot C, Jenkins T, Cayeux I, Sander D. Sweet reward increases implicit discrimination of similar odors. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:158. [PMID: 24834039 PMCID: PMC4018568 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli associated with emotional events signal the presence of potentially relevant situations, thus learning to rapidly identify this kind of stimuli can be highly beneficial. It has been demonstrated that individuals acquire a better perceptual representation of stimuli associated with negative and threatening emotional events. Here we investigated whether the same process occurs for stimuli associated with positive and rewarding emotional events. We used an appetitive Pavlovian conditioning paradigm during which one of two perceptually non-distinguishable odors was associated with a rewarding taste (i.e., chocolate). We investigated whether appetitive conditioning could improve the recognition of the odor associated with the reward, rendering it discriminable from its similar version that was never associated with the reward. Results revealed a dissociation between explicit perception and physiological reactions. Although participants were not able to explicitly perceive a difference, they reacted faster, inhaled more and had higher skin conductance responses when confronted with the reward-associated odor compared to its similar version that was never associated with the reward. Our findings have demonstrated that positive emotional associations can improve the implicit perceptual representation of odors, by triggering different physiological responses to odors that do not seem to be otherwise distinguishable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pool
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva-CISA Geneva, Switzerland ; Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression, Department of Psychology, FPSE, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Delplanque
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva-CISA Geneva, Switzerland ; Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression, Department of Psychology, FPSE, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Tatiana Jenkins
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression, Department of Psychology, FPSE, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - David Sander
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva-CISA Geneva, Switzerland ; Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression, Department of Psychology, FPSE, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
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39
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Sanchez A, Vazquez C. Looking at the eyes of happiness: Positive emotions mediate the influence of life satisfaction on attention to happy faces. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2014.910827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Wolff JK, Warner LM, Ziegelmann JP, Wurm S. What do targeting positive views on ageing add to a physical activity intervention in older adults? Results from a randomised controlled trial. Psychol Health 2014; 29:915-32. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2014.896464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa M. Warner
- German Centre of Gerontology, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Health Psychology, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Wurm
- German Centre of Gerontology, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Psychogerontology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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41
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Wurm S, Benyamini Y. Optimism buffers the detrimental effect of negative self-perceptions of ageing on physical and mental health. Psychol Health 2014; 29:832-48. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2014.891737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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42
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Xia LX, Shi XL, Zhang Y, Hollon SD. Interpersonal self-support and attentional bias on negative and positive interpersonal information. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 48:1246-59. [DOI: 10.1080/00207594.2012.738299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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44
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Are optimists oriented uniquely toward the future? Investigating dispositional optimism from a temporally-expanded perspective. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Hecht D. The neural basis of optimism and pessimism. Exp Neurobiol 2013; 22:173-99. [PMID: 24167413 PMCID: PMC3807005 DOI: 10.5607/en.2013.22.3.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our survival and wellness require a balance between optimism and pessimism. Undue pessimism makes life miserable; however, excessive optimism can lead to dangerously risky behaviors. A review and synthesis of the literature on the neurophysiology subserving these two worldviews suggests that optimism and pessimism are differentially associated with the two cerebral hemispheres. High self-esteem, a cheerful attitude that tends to look at the positive aspects of a given situation, as well as an optimistic belief in a bright future are associated with physiological activity in the left-hemisphere (LH). In contrast, a gloomy viewpoint, an inclination to focus on the negative part and exaggerate its significance, low self-esteem as well as a pessimistic view on what the future holds are interlinked with neurophysiological processes in the right-hemisphere (RH). This hemispheric asymmetry in mediating optimistic and pessimistic outlooks is rooted in several biological and functional differences between the two hemispheres. The RH mediation of a watchful and inhibitive mode weaves a sense of insecurity that generates and supports pessimistic thought patterns. Conversely, the LH mediation of an active mode and the positive feedback it receives through its motor dexterity breed a sense of confidence in one's ability to manage life's challenges, and optimism about the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hecht
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
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46
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Rumination Moderates the Effects of Cognitive Bias Modification of Attention. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-013-9581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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47
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Emotions' impact on viewing behavior under natural conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52737. [PMID: 23326353 PMCID: PMC3541363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human overt attention under natural conditions is guided by stimulus features as well as by higher cognitive components, such as task and emotional context. In contrast to the considerable progress regarding the former, insight into the interaction of emotions and attention is limited. Here we investigate the influence of the current emotional context on viewing behavior under natural conditions.In two eye-tracking studies participants freely viewed complex scenes embedded in sequences of emotion-laden images. The latter primes constituted specific emotional contexts for neutral target images.Viewing behavior toward target images embedded into sets of primes was affected by the current emotional context, revealing the intensity of the emotional context as a significant moderator. The primes themselves were not scanned in different ways when presented within a block (Study 1), but when presented individually, negative primes were more actively scanned than positive primes (Study 2). These divergent results suggest an interaction between emotional priming and further context factors. Additionally, in most cases primes were scanned more actively than target images. Interestingly, the mere presence of emotion-laden stimuli in a set of images of different categories slowed down viewing activity overall, but the known effect of image category was not affected. Finally, viewing behavior remained largely constant on single images as well as across the targets' post-prime positions (Study 2).We conclude that the emotional context significantly influences the exploration of complex scenes and the emotional context has to be considered in predictions of eye-movement patterns.
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48
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Luciana M, Collins PF. Incentive Motivation, Cognitive Control, and the Adolescent Brain: Is It Time for a Paradigm Shift? CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2012; 6:392-399. [PMID: 23543860 PMCID: PMC3607661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2012.00252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It can be argued that adolescents' decision making is biased more by motivational factors than by cognitively driven calculations of outcome probabilities. Brain-based models, derived from structural and functional neuroimaging perspectives to account for this bias, have focused on purported differences in rates of development of motivational and regulatory-control systems. This article proposes a neurochemically based framework for understanding adolescents' behavioral biases_and suggests that there should be an increased focus on the dopaminergic substrates of incentive motivation, which increases into adolescence and decreases thereafter. The article also discusses the manner in which this increase interacts with executive control systems in affecting self-regulation.
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49
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Hanssen MM, Peters ML, Vlaeyen JWS, Meevissen YMC, Vancleef LMG. Optimism lowers pain: evidence of the causal status and underlying mechanisms. Pain 2012; 154:53-58. [PMID: 23084002 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated a relation between dispositional optimism and lower pain sensitivity, but the causal status of this link remains unclear. This study sought to test the causal status by experimentally inducing a temporary optimistic state by means of writing about and visualizing a future best possible self. In addition, we explored pain expectations and (situational) pain catastrophizing as possible underlying mechanisms of the link between optimism and pain. Seventy-nine university students participated in a cold pressor task (CPT). Before the CPT, half of them received the optimism manipulation and the other half a control manipulation. Induced optimism was related to lower pain intensity ratings during the CPT compared to the control group, thereby experimentally confirming causality. This effect was not explained by pain-related expectations about the task. Situational pain catastrophizing, however, did seem to mediate the relation between optimism and pain. This study is novel in that it confirms the causal status of optimism towards pain. Additionally, the results reveal that positive interventions might provide a useful alternative in reducing pain catastrophizing as an extremely relevant target in pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein M Hanssen
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Research Centre for Health Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Sulkers E, Fleer J, Brinksma A, Roodbol PF, Kamps WA, Tissing WJE, Sanderman R. Dispositional optimism in adolescents with cancer: Differential associations of optimism and pessimism with positive and negative aspects of well-being. Br J Health Psychol 2012; 18:474-89. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8287.2012.02096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sulkers
- UMCG School of Nursing and Health; University Medical Centre Groningen; University of Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Joke Fleer
- Health Psychology Section; Department of Health Sciences; University Medical Centre Groningen; University of Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Aeltsje Brinksma
- UMCG School of Nursing and Health; University Medical Centre Groningen; University of Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Petrie F. Roodbol
- UMCG School of Nursing and Health; University Medical Centre Groningen; University of Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Kamps
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology Beatrix Children's Hospital; University Medical Centre Groningen; University of Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Wim J. E. Tissing
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology Beatrix Children's Hospital; University Medical Centre Groningen; University of Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Sanderman
- Health Psychology Section; Department of Health Sciences; University Medical Centre Groningen; University of Groningen; The Netherlands
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