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Xu C, Huizinga M, De Luca G, Pollé S, Liang R, Sankalaite S, Roorda DL, Baeyens D. Cultural universality and specificity of teacher-student relationship: a qualitative study in Belgian, Chinese, and Italian primary school teachers. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1287511. [PMID: 38034285 PMCID: PMC10682107 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1287511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence highlights the significant influence of dyadic, emotional teacher-student relationship (TSR) on students' cognitive functioning, socio-emotional development, and overall well-being. However, it remains unclear whether the TSR construct and its manifestations can be generalized across cultures. This qualitative study investigated TSR among 60 primary school teachers in Belgium, China, and Italy (i.e., countries with varying positions on the collectivistic-individualistic continuum of culture). Through semi-structured interviews and metatheme analysis, the study examined the similarities and differences in TSR across these countries, revealing a nuanced and diverse picture in various cultural contexts. The findings align with the existing TSR model by including dimensions of closeness, conflict, and dependency, while also extending the model to identify additional dimensions such as authority, balance, distance, fairness, increasing student motivation, patience, and strictness. Regarding cultural perspective, teachers from these three countries exhibited similar conceptualizations of closeness, conflict, fairness, increasing student motivation, patience, and strictness, whereas the conceptualization of dependency, authority, balance, and distance may be influenced by (collectivistic versus individualistic) culture. Moreover, the manifestations of TSR varied across countries, highlighting the influence of cultural factors such as cultural norms, collectivistic versus individualistic values, and the perceived legitimacy of teacher authority. These findings shed light on the complexities of TSR across countries and emphasize the significance of culturally sensitive approaches in fostering positive TSR in education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canmei Xu
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mariëtte Huizinga
- Department of Education and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sophie Pollé
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruwen Liang
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simona Sankalaite
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Debora L. Roorda
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dieter Baeyens
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Sankalaite S, Huizinga M, Warreyn P, Dewandeleer J, Baeyens D. The association between working memory, teacher-student relationship, and academic performance in primary school children. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1240741. [PMID: 37809289 PMCID: PMC10556679 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1240741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early relationships with teachers play an important role in children's development and significantly influence students' cognitive and academic performance. Studies suggest that working memory (WM) is a strong predictor of academic achievement, especially of reading and arithmetic outcomes. The associations between teacher-student relationship (TSR) quality, children's WM skills and their academic performance have been reported in numerous observational studies. However, the potentially bidirectional and temporal nature of the relationships between these constructs is understudied. Methods The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between primary school children's WM and TSR by applying a cross-lagged design and measuring these constructs at three time points throughout the academic year. More exploratively, this study investigated how WM and TSR bidirectionally relate to children's academic performance. Results The findings of this study revealed a temporal relationship between WM and TSR: between WM-related problems in the classroom at baseline and conflict at 3-month follow-up, and between closeness at 3-month follow-up and WM-related problems in the classroom at 5-month follow-up. Moreover, the findings showed a bidirectional relationship between arithmetic performance and WM-related problematic behaviour. Discussion This study highlights that relationships between the teacher and students play an important role in supporting students' cognitive and academic development. Importantly, this study suggests that children with WM problems may benefit from interventions that focus on improving their relationships with teachers. Additionally, the findings propose that interventions targeting WM may also have positive effects on children's academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sankalaite
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mariëtte Huizinga
- Department of Educational and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Petra Warreyn
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Dewandeleer
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Baeyens
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Qudsiyah U, Pernama A. Efikasi Konseling Kelompok Cognitive Behavior Therapy dengan Teknik Self-Instruction untuk Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Diri. BULLETIN OF COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.51214/bocp.v4i3.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the level of self-confidence, which is a positive attitude of an individual that enables him/herself to develop positive judgments, using group counseling the Cognitive Behavior Therapy Group Counseling Efficacy approach with Self-Instruction Techniques to Increase Self-Confidence. This study uses a quantitative approach with quasi-experimental research methods. The design used in this study used a pretest and multiple posttest repeated measure experimental design. From the results obtained, it can be said that there was significant interaction between times (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up) in the self-confidence group given self-instruction techniques of (M = 85.71, SE = 4.24). Based on the research that has been done, it can be seen that group counseling with self-instruction techniques is effective in increasing the self-confidence of students who use social media at SMP Negeri 13 Semarang.
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KONTAKT® social skills group training for Australian adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1695-1713. [PMID: 34052908 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
While there is a large body of evidence drawn from randomised controlled trials supporting the efficacy of SSGT in autistic adolescents, the control arms of these studies are almost exclusively treated either as usual or waitlist. Addressing this limitation, 90 verbal autistic adolescents (70% male) aged 12-17 years (M = 13.77, SD = 1.6) with IQ > 70 participated in this pragmatic two-armed randomised controlled trial design study evaluating the efficacy of sixteen 90-min sessions of SSGT KONTAKT® (n = 46) in comparison to a manualised interactive group cooking programme (n = 44) of equal dosage controlling for the potentially confounding effects of exposure to a social group context. The primary outcome was the adolescents' progress towards achieving their personally meaningful social goals at follow-up. Secondary outcomes were changes in autistic traits, quality of life, facial emotion recognition skills, social anxiety, and loneliness. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post intervention and 12-week follow-up. The interaction between time point and group allocation was investigated through a random-effects regression model (linear mixed model) to examine changes in the dependent outcomes. While intention-to-treat analysis (N = 90) demonstrated that both SSGT (ES = 1.36, p < .001) and active control (ES = 1.10, p < .001) groups made progress towards their personally meaningful social goals at follow-up, KONTAKT® participants demonstrated greater progress in social goal attainment than their peers in the active control group (ES = 0.35, p = .04). Findings suggest that KONTAKT® is efficacious in supporting autistic adolescents to achieve their personally meaningful social goals compared to other prosocial group activities.Trial registration: (1) Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12617001117303, registered 31 July 2017, anzctr.org.au; (2) ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03294668 registered 22 September 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov .
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Yan D, Yang X, Zhang H. Personality traits, self-efficacy, and friendship establishment: Group characteristics and network clustering of college students' friendships. Front Psychol 2022; 13:916938. [PMID: 36118467 PMCID: PMC9480517 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.916938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Friendship establishment was analyzed using constructs from social cognitive theory (self-efficacy and personality traits) and social network theory (reciprocity and triad closure). In further studies, we investigated the effect of personality traits, interpersonal self-efficacy, and network structure on the establishment of friendships. In this study, we used social network analysis method and exponential random graph model (ERGM). The following findings are reported. First, the friendship network of college students had small group characteristics, and the formation of this small group was more based on personality complementarity than similarity. The homogeneity hypothesis of personality was not tenable. Secondly, individuals with dominance or influence personality traits and high interpersonal self-efficacy were more likely to be in the center of the friendship network. Furthermore, personality traits and interpersonal self-efficacy may have interactive effects on the formation of friendship networks. Popularity and activity effects existed in friendship networks, but the reciprocal relationship based on personality traits was not verified. The balance structure can easily explain the agglomeration of friendships in a small range, indicating that small groups of friendships prefer a two-way circular close relationship. Finally, the formation of a friendship network includes the comprehensive process of individual characteristics and endogenous tie formation, which helps us to understand the social population structure and its process over a wider range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yan
- Department of Sociology, School of Ethnology and Sociology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Institute of Population, School of Economics, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Huanzhe Zhang
- Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Du TV, Thomas KM, Miller JD, Lynam DR. Differentiations in Interpersonal Functioning Across Narcissism Dimensions. J Pers Disord 2022; 36:455-475. [PMID: 35913765 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2022.36.4.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Narcissism can be conceived hierarchically at three levels: as a global construct (Level 1), as two dimensions (Level 2; grandiosity and vulnerability), and as a trifurcated model with three underlying dimensions: interpersonal antagonism, narcissistic neuroticism, and agentic extraversion (Level 3). The aim of the study was to examine how narcissism dimensions across the three levels differ in their associations with various forms of interpersonal functioning. The authors assessed multiple domains of interpersonal functioning using data collected from 447 MTurk workers, 606 students, and 365 informants. Each narcissism dimension showed unique interpersonal profiles. The profile of interpersonal antagonism largely resembles grandiose and total narcissism in its interpersonal characteristics, narcissistic neuroticism largely resembles vulnerable narcissism, and agentic extraversion does not differ much from the traditional conceptualization of extraversion in its interpersonal qualities (e.g., high communion). Future studies may benefit from studying narcissism and how it relates to other psychological constructs using the trifurcated model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei V Du
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Joshua D Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Donald R Lynam
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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7
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Spilt JL, Verschueren K, Van Minderhout MBWM, Koomen HMY. Practitioner Review: Dyadic teacher-child relationships: comparing theories, empirical evidence and implications for practice. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:724-733. [PMID: 35098529 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on dyadic teacher-child relationships has grown rapidly. However, a review of relevant theories and its implications for assessment and intervention has been lacking so far. METHODS A selective review of theories, empirical evidence and interventions was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Different theories highlight distinct aspects of teacher-child relationships and have different implications for assessment and intervention. The attachment perspective on dyadic teacher-child relationships is most widely applied in psychological research. Also relatively well-known is self-determination theory. However, the interpersonal theory, though widely applied in educational research to teacher-class interactions, has been largely overlooked in research on dyadic teacher-child relationships. The overarching dyadic systems perspective, providing insight in the dynamic interplay between different aspects of teacher-child relationships, also deserves more attention. Recommendations to improve teacher-child relationships address the need for teacher sensitivity, relationship-based communication and flexibility in interpersonal behaviour in everyday teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantine L Spilt
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karine Verschueren
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Helma M Y Koomen
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Best MW, Bowie CR. Social exclusion in psychotic disorders: An interactional processing model. Schizophr Res 2022; 244:91-100. [PMID: 35640357 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic disorders are among the most highly stigmatized mental disorders, and individuals with psychosis experience significant exclusion from the community. Stigma reduction programs have done little to reduce social exclusion of individuals with psychosis, and there are significant limitations to the traditional stigma model as it applies to social exclusion. Herein, we present the Interactional Processing Model (IPM) of social exclusion towards individuals with psychosis. The IPM considers social exclusion to be the result of two interacting pathways with additional consideration for a feedback loop through which social exclusion sets in motion natural behavioural responses of individuals with psychosis that inadvertently perpetuates exclusion. The IPM considers initial social exclusion to be the result of an interaction between these two pathways. The first path aligns with the traditional stigma model and consists of the community becoming aware that an individual is diagnosed with a psychotic disorder and then excluding the individual based on pre-existing, generalized knowledge about the disorder. The second path to exclusion involves the observation of atypical behaviours from the individual, and generation of an individualized exclusion response. We provide initial empirical support for the IPM of social exclusion, outline testable hypotheses stemming from the model, and discuss implications for novel ways to consider both societal stigma reduction and personalized intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Best
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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9
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Williams TF, Ellman LM, Schiffman J, Mittal VA. Employing Contemporary Integrative Interpersonal Theory to Understand Dysfunction in Those at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2022; 3:sgac015. [PMID: 35445195 PMCID: PMC9012266 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Poor social functioning is related to the development of psychosis; however, our current understanding of social functioning in those at-risk for psychosis is limited by (a) poor conceptual models of interpersonal behavior and (b) a reliance on comparisons to healthy controls (e.g., vs. clinical controls). In this study, we introduce Contemporary Integrated Interpersonal Theory (CIIT) and use its Interpersonal Circumplex (IPC) model to compare interpersonal behavior traits in those at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis, clinical controls, and healthy controls. A community sample (N = 3460) was used to derive estimates of IPC dimensions (i.e., affiliation and dominance), which were then compared among a large subsample that completed diagnostic interviews (N = 337), which included a CHR group, as well as several control groups ranging on degree of psychosis vulnerability and internalizing disorders. CHR individuals were distinguished from healthy controls by low affiliation (d = –1.31), and from internalizing disorder groups by higher dominance (d = 0.64). Negative symptoms were consistently associated with low affiliation and low dominance, whereas positive symptoms were related primarily to coldness. These results connect social functioning in psychosis risk to a rich theoretical framework and suggest a potentially distinct interpersonal signature for CHR individuals. More broadly, this study suggests that CIIT and the IPC may have utility for informing diagnostics and treatment development in psychosis risk research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor F Williams
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Lauren M Ellman
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason Schiffman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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10
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Ambrose K, Simpson K, Adams D. The relationship between social and academic outcomes and anxiety for children and adolescents on the autism spectrum: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 90:102086. [PMID: 34598053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is the most common co-occurring condition in children on the autism spectrum but the potential impacts of anxiety on social and academic outcomes of children on the autism spectrum have not been systematically examined. In this review, 50 studies were identified that explore the relationship between anxiety and scores on social or academic measures in children on the autism spectrum. Social competence was frequently measured, and the findings of these studies were mixed. While other social constructs have received little attention, associations were found between anxiety and victimisation, and anxiety and social relationships. Only three studies focused on the impact of anxiety on scores on academic measures, highlighting the need for further research in this area. Anxiety was most frequently measured using subscales from broader behavioural instruments, which may not capture the range of anxiety symptoms of children on the autism spectrum. Future studies that include multi-informant methodologies and proportional representation of females and children with intellectual disability will further knowledge of the impact of anxiety in children on the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Ambrose
- Autism Centre of Excellence, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia; The Co-operative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), PO Box 6068, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Kate Simpson
- Autism Centre of Excellence, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia; Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia; The Co-operative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), PO Box 6068, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Dawn Adams
- Autism Centre of Excellence, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia; Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia; The Co-operative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), PO Box 6068, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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11
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Du TV, Thomas KM, Lynam DR. An Interpersonal Approach to Social Preference: Examining Patterns and Influences of Liking and Being Bothered by Interpersonal Behaviors of Others. J Pers Disord 2021; 35:708-729. [PMID: 34596422 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2021.35.5.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Personality disorders are rooted in maladaptive interpersonal behaviors. Previously, researchers have assessed interpersonal behaviors using self-ratings of one's own behaviors and third-person ratings of dyadic interactions. Few studies have examined individuals' perceptions of others' interpersonal behaviors. Using a sample of 470 undergraduate students, the authors examined patterns of interpersonal perception as well as influences of these patterns on psychological functioning. Findings showed that people tend to like interpersonal behaviors that are similar to their own and become bothered by behaviors that are the opposite of their own. Such a pattern is particularly characteristic on the warmth dimension and is consistent across different levels of closeness of the relationship. The authors also found small but significant effects of interpersonal perception on personality and general psychological functioning, above and beyond effects of individuals' own interpersonal traits. Such findings highlight the importance of including perceptions of others in investigating interpersonal dynamics when understanding personality disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei V Du
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Donald R Lynam
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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12
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Du TV, Thomas KM, Lynam DR. An Interpersonal Approach to Social Preference: Examining Patterns and Influences of Liking and Being Bothered by Interpersonal Behaviors of Others. J Pers Disord 2021; 35:708-729. [PMID: 33779283 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2020_34_496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Personality disorders are rooted in maladaptive interpersonal behaviors. Previously, researchers have assessed interpersonal behaviors using self-ratings of one's own behaviors and third-person ratings of dyadic interactions. Few studies have examined individuals' perceptions of others' interpersonal behaviors. Using a sample of 470 undergraduate students, the authors examined patterns of interpersonal perception as well as influences of these patterns on psychological functioning. Findings showed that people tend to like interpersonal behaviors that are similar to their own and become bothered by behaviors that are the opposite of their own. Such a pattern is particularly characteristic on the warmth dimension and is consistent across different levels of closeness of the relationship. The authors also found small but significant effects of interpersonal perception on personality and general psychological functioning, above and beyond effects of individuals' own interpersonal traits. Such findings highlight the importance of including perceptions of others in investigating interpersonal dynamics when understanding personality disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei V Du
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Donald R Lynam
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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13
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Kehl M, Edershile EA, Hopwood CJ, Wright AGC. A response surface analysis investigation of the effects of (mis)alignment between interpersonal values and efficacies on interpersonal problems. J Pers 2021; 89:1143-1158. [PMID: 33871053 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we examined whether discrepancies between interpersonal values and interpersonal efficacies are associated with distress, and provide a framework through which similar questions regarding intrapersonal alignment may be investigated. METHOD Using interpersonal circumplex scales, we assessed interpersonal values and efficacies in two large samples (undergraduate N = 1,453, community N = 1,099) and used response surface analysis to model the alignment of these variables and their association with interpersonal distress. RESULTS We found that there were significant positive relationships between larger mismatches and greater distress. We also found that extremity in both matches and mismatches predicted more distress. At a more specific level, people who valued warmth but reported low efficacy for warm behavior reported problems related to being too cold to others. CONCLUSION This study highlights the value of elaborating within-person discrepancies across personality levels, provides a model for doing so organized around the interpersonal circumplex, and specifies connections between value-efficacy discrepancies and interpersonal distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Kehl
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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14
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Afsharnejad B, Falkmer M, Black MH, Alach T, Lenhard F, Fridell A, Coco C, Milne K, Chen NTM, Bölte S, Girdler S. Cross-Cultural Adaptation to Australia of the KONTAKT© Social Skills Group Training Program for Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Feasibility Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 50:4297-4316. [PMID: 32270385 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility and cultural validity of KONTAKT©, a manualised social skills group training, in improving the social functioning of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). KONTAKT© was delivered to 17 adolescents (mage = 14.09, SDage = 1.43; 70% male) with ASD over sixteen 90 min sessions. A pre-test post-test design evaluated changes in personally meaningful social goals, symptom severity, quality of life, interpersonal efficacy, social anxiety, loneliness, and facial emotion recognition at pre, post and 3 months follow-up. Focus groups were conducted post intervention. Findings indicate that KONTAKT© may support Australian adolescents with ASD in achieving their personally meaningful social goals. This study resulted in finalisation of KONTAKT© in preparation for evaluation of its efficacy in a randomised controlled trial (Australian New Zealand Clinical Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12617001117303, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03294668).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Afsharnejad
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marita Falkmer
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,CHILD, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, School of Education and Communication, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Melissa H Black
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tasha Alach
- Autism Association of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fabian Lenhard
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Fridell
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Coco
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kelly Milne
- Autism Association of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nigel T M Chen
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sven Bölte
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonya Girdler
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia. .,Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Richardson K, Hart W, Kinrade C. Investigating how self-esteem moderates grandiose narcissism's interpersonal orientation. J Pers 2020; 89:738-753. [PMID: 33326605 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most previous research has treated grandiose narcissism and self-esteem as additive predictors of outcomes, but some theory and evidence suggests they may sometimes interact to predict outcomes. Unfortunately, the nature of this interaction is unclear; we suggest a framework to conceptualize the interaction and test it vis-à-vis the interpersonal circumplex framework. METHOD Participants (N = 598; Mage = 38.39; 327 females; 72.1% White) reported their levels of grandiose narcissism and self-esteem and completed interpersonal circumplex measures of efficacies, values, problems, and sensitivities. RESULTS As self-esteem decreased, grandiose narcissism related (a) more negatively to communal efficacies and values and (b) more positively to sensitivity to others' communal behaviors. Also as self-esteem decreased, unexpectedly, grandiose narcissism related (a) more positively to agentic efficacies and problems and (b) more negatively to sensitivity to others' agentic behaviors. CONCLUSION Overall, the present findings generally support using interaction models over additive models of grandiose narcissism and self-esteem in interpersonal contexts, suggesting that grandiose narcissism becomes generally less communal, more agentic, and more interpersonally problematic as self-esteem decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Richardson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - William Hart
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Charlotte Kinrade
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Cremers J, Pennings HJM, Ley C. Regression Models for Cylindrical Data in Psychology. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2020; 55:910-925. [PMID: 31790620 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2019.1693332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrical data are multivariate data which consist of a directional, in this paper circular, and a linear component. Examples of cylindrical data in psychology include human navigation (direction and distance of movement), eye-tracking research (direction and length of saccades) and data from an interpersonal circumplex (location and intensity on the IPC). In this paper we adapt four models for cylindrical data to include a regression of the circular and linear component onto a set of covariates. Subsequently, we illustrate how to fit these models and interpret their results on a dataset on the interpersonal behavior of teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Cremers
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Christophe Ley
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Chen JY, Lin CP. Developing team performance: the double-edged nature of justice. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT & BUSINESS EXCELLENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14783363.2020.1813018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yu Chen
- Institute of Business & Management, National Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Peng Lin
- Institute of Business & Management, National Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Latina/o and non-latina/o brain injury and dementia patients’ and caregivers’ health: An actor/partner interdependence model. BRAIN IMPAIR 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2020.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:The interdependence between patient and caregivers’ health, which is when the patients’ and informal caregivers’ emotion, cognition and/or behavior affects that of the other person is well documented among dyads experiencing cancer and heart disease, but scant research has assessed interdependence among those with brain injuries or dementia and Latina/o populations. This study aimed to assess the interdependence of patient and caregiver depression, patient functional independence and caregiver burden among non-Latina/o and Latina/o and patients with brain injuries and dementia and their caregivers.Methods:Patients and caregiver dyads (n = 96) were recruited from a trauma hospital. Participants completed measures on patient and caregiver depression, patient functional independence and caregiver burden. Participants provided written informed consent. Patient inclusion criteria included: (1) diagnosis with a brain injury or dementia, (2) minimum age of 12, (3) community dwelling and (4) ability to verbally communicate and complete study measures. Caregivers were only included if they were informal, unpaid, family or a friend. Nonparametric Spearman’s Rho correlations were conducted to test the study hypotheses.Discussion:There was consistently a statistically significant positive relationship between caregiver depression and caregiver burden for all groups. For non-Latina/o patient and caregiver dementia dyads, there were associations between patient depression and caregiver depression. For non-Latina/o dementia dyads, functional ability was only associated with patient depression. For Latina/o patient and caregiver brain injury and dementia dyads, the only statistically significant relationship was between caregiver depression and caregiver burden. Health services should embrace family-focused mental health and respite interventions.
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Sayegh L, Touré EH, Farquhar E, Beaulieu S, Renaud S, Rej S, Perreault M. Group Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP): A Pilot Study for Bipolar Depression. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:565681. [PMID: 33173513 PMCID: PMC7538805 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) is an individually administered treatment model designed specifically for Persistent Depression however bipolar patients have traditionally been excluded from CBASP studies. There is a perception that bipolar depression will be harder to treat and requires a unique psychological approach. This pilot study reports on the feasibility of administering the same 20-week manualized group CBASP therapy with bipolar patients currently in a depressive episode. METHODS This non-randomized, single-arm prospective pilot study, reports on an a posteriori exploration of benefits to bipolar depressed patients (n=26) of the same 20-week group CBASP intervention administered to unipolar depressed patients (n=81). The clinical trial for the initial phase examining benefits of the manualized 20-week group CBASP intervention with unipolar patients was registered with the ISRCTN registry, study ID: ISRCTN95149444. Results reported here include mixed ANOVA analyses, across group treatment models and diagnostic categories. Changes over time in self-reported depressive symptoms (Inventory of Depressive Symptoms -IDS-SR), self-reported social functioning, interpersonal problems and interpersonal dispositions are documented for all patients. An exploratory longitudinal latent class analysis was used to examine patients' trajectories of improvement in depressive symptoms. Finally, the best predictors of change in reported depressive symptoms were explored with a logistic regression for all patients. RESULTS Improvements in depressive symptoms and in social functioning over time were significant for all patients with bipolar patients trending towards a greater improvement in depressive symptoms after controlling for baseline differences. An exploratory Latent Class Analysis identified two different treatment trajectories for the entire sample: 1) moderate to severely depressed patients who improved significantly (49%) and 2) severely depressed patients who did not improve (51%). The best predictors of non-response to group therapy include high baseline problems in social functioning and low rates of self-reported Perceived Improvements in overall health. CONCLUSION Bipolar patients in a depressive episode appear to benefit from the same 20-week group CBASP model designed originally for the treatment of Persistent Depressive Disorder. Bipolar patients seem more easily mobilized both during and outside of group therapy sessions and report more interpersonal confidence and more agency than unipolar depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Sayegh
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - El Hadj Touré
- Department of Sociology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Research Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Serge Beaulieu
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Suzane Renaud
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Complex Mood, Comorbid and Personality Disorders Program, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Soham Rej
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,GeriPARTy Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital/Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Perreault
- Douglas Research Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Afsharnejad B, Falkmer M, Black MH, Alach T, Lenhard F, Fridell A, Coco C, Milne K, Chen NTM, Bölte S, Girdler S. KONTAKT© for Australian adolescents on the autism spectrum: protocol of a randomized control trial. Trials 2019; 20:687. [PMID: 31815642 PMCID: PMC6902510 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience impairing challenges in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts. While social skills group training (SSGT) has shown moderate effects on various sociability outcomes in ASD, there is a need for (1) replication of effects in additional clinical and cultural contexts, (2) designs that employ active control groups, (3) calculation of health economic benefits, (4) identification of the optimal training duration, and (5) measurement of individual goals and quality of life outcomes. METHOD/DESIGN With the aim of investigating the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a SSGT, KONTAKT©, a two-armed randomized control trial with adolescents aged 12-17 years (N = 90) with ASD and an intelligence quotient (IQ) of over 70 will be undertaken. Following stratification for centre and gender, participants will be randomly assigned to either KONTAKT© or to an active control group, a group-based cooking programme. Participants will attend both programmes in groups of 6-8 adolescents, over 16 one-and-a-half-hour sessions. The primary outcome examined is adolescent self-rated achievement of personally meaningful social goals as assessed via the Goal Attainment Scaling during an interview with a blinded clinician. Secondary outcomes include adolescent self-reported interpersonal efficacy, quality of life, social anxiety, loneliness, face emotion recognition performance and associated gaze behaviour, and parent proxy reports of autistic traits, quality of life, social functioning, and emotion recognition and expression. Cost-effectiveness will be investigated in relation to direct and indirect societal and healthcare costs. DISCUSSION The primary outcomes of this study will be evidenced in the anticipated achievement of adolescents' personally meaningful social goals following participation in KONTAKT© as compared to the active control group. This design will enable rigorous evaluation of the efficacy of KONTAKT©, exercising control over the possibly confounding effect of exposure to a social context of peers with a diagnosis of ASD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR). ACTRN12617001117303. Registered on 31 July 2017. anzctr.org.au ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03294668. Registered on 22 September 2017. https://clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Afsharnejad
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Works and Speech pathology, Curtin University, Kent street, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102 Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Marita Falkmer
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Works and Speech pathology, Curtin University, Kent street, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102 Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
- CHILD, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, School of Education and Communication, Jönköping University, Gjuterigatan, Sweden
| | - Melissa H. Black
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Works and Speech pathology, Curtin University, Kent street, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102 Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Tasha Alach
- Autism Association of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Fabian Lenhard
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Fridell
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Coco
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kelly Milne
- Autism Association of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Nigel T. M. Chen
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Sven Bölte
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Works and Speech pathology, Curtin University, Kent street, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102 Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonya Girdler
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Works and Speech pathology, Curtin University, Kent street, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102 Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
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Bliton CF, Pincus AL. Construction and Validation of the Interpersonal Influence Tactics Circumplex (IIT-C) Scales. Assessment 2019; 27:688-705. [PMID: 31342776 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119864661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of interpersonal dispositions (e.g., traits, problems) commonly employs self- and informant-report measures that conform to the two-dimensional interpersonal circumplex (IPC) model. Here, we adopted the IPC and interpersonal theory as a framework for mapping the universe of content of interpersonal influence. Although there are existing measures of influence tactics used in influence research, this literature is divided among disciplines with varying construct definitions and no unifying theory. Here, we define interpersonal influence as the conscious maneuvering of one's behavior to engender desired responses from others in interpersonal situations. The current article details the construction and validation of the Interpersonal Influence Tactics Circumplex (IIT-C) Scales in two samples (Ns = 862, 608). The 64-item IIT-C assesses a comprehensive taxonomy of interpersonal influence tactics conforming to the structure of the IPC. Circumplex structure of the IIT-C was confirmed and replicated. Using the structural summary method for circumplex data, associations with other IPC measures, existing measures of influence, normal personality traits, and pathological personality traits supported the validity of IIT-C scores. The IIT-C assesses a theoretically based and empirically derived set of interpersonal influence tactics and provides a common language for integrating distinct streams of influence research by conforming to the IPC.
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22
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Locke KD. Development and Validation of a Circumplex Measure of the Interpersonal Culture in Work Teams and Organizations. Front Psychol 2019; 10:850. [PMID: 31118910 PMCID: PMC6504781 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal circumplex (IPC) inventories assess a range of dispositions but can condense and compare their findings within a circular model defined by two factors: agency and communion. Whereas other IPC inventories assess individuals, the current research introduces IPC inventories assessing the interpersonal culture (interaction and communication norms) characterizing an entire organization or team-namely, the Circumplex Culture Scan (CCS) and Circumplex Team Scan (CTS). Across an initial development sample (n = 1676), online validation sample (CCS, n = 808; CTS, n = 832), and onsite validation sample (CCS, n = 516 respondents from 21 organizations; CTS, n = 347 respondents from 38 teams), the eight 8-item CCS/CTS octant scales demonstrated good internal consistencies, circumplex properties, reliable within-group agreement and between-group variance (thus justifying aggregation across an organization/team), and convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity in relation to other measures. According to their members, the organizations/teams with the most satisfied members and customers/clients were organizations/teams with considerably stronger communal (e.g., being open and respectful) than uncommunal (e.g., being rude and guarded) norms and somewhat stronger agentic (e.g., being eager and assertive) than unagentic (e.g., being cautious and quiet) norms. The CCS/CTS complements existing IPC and organizational culture measures and helps bridge the IPC and organizational literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D. Locke
- Department of Psychology and Communication Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
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Yalch MM, Burkman KM. Applying contemporary interpersonal theory to the study of trauma. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Stanisławski K. The Coping Circumplex Model: An Integrative Model of the Structure of Coping With Stress. Front Psychol 2019; 10:694. [PMID: 31040802 PMCID: PMC6476932 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It seems obvious that the identification of coping structure is necessary to understand how stress affects human health and functioning. Despite numerous coping conceptualization proposals, there is no agreement as to the core coping categories. This article presents the Coping Circumplex Model (CCM), which is designed to integrate various coping distinctions, drawing inspiration from the tradition of circumplex models in psychology. The model is based on the assumption that individuals in stressful situations face two tasks: they need to solve the problem and regulate their emotions, which are reflected in two corresponding dimensions, that is, the problem coping dimension and emotion coping dimension. Problem coping and emotion coping are interpreted as bipolar dimensions. Importantly, these dimensions define a space for other coping categories. The model contains a total of eight coping styles forming a circumplex: positive emotional coping, efficiency, problem solving, preoccupation with the problem, negative emotional coping, helplessness, problem avoidance, and hedonic disengagement. The paper discusses the potential of the CCM to overcome some of the problems of stress psychology by: (a) supplementing the set of coping categories (i.e., process, strategy, style) with coping mode; (b) providing a foundation for the integration of numerous coping constructs; (c) enabling the interpretation of results obtained by means of different coping measures, thus facilitating knowledge consolidation; (d) explaining relationships between coping and adjustment after trauma, as well as explaining the mechanisms of psychological interventions (e.g., cognitive therapy, exposure therapy); (e) clarifying linkages between the effectiveness of coping strategies and situation controllability. Moreover, the CCM may elucidate the relationship between coping and emotion regulation (e.g., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression).
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Locke KD, Sayegh L, Weber C, Turecki G. Interpersonal Self-Efficacy, Goals, and Problems of Persistently Depressed Outpatients: Prototypical Circumplex Profiles and Distinctive Subgroups. Assessment 2018; 25:988-1000. [PMID: 30392413 DOI: 10.1177/1073191116672330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Severely and persistently depressed outpatients ( n = 138) completed interpersonal circumplex measures of self-efficacy, problems, and values/goals. Compared with normative samples, patients showed deficits in agency: They reported less self-efficacy, especially for being assertive, tough, and influential; stronger goals, especially to avoid conflict or humiliation; and more problems, especially with being too timid, inhibited, and accommodating. Circular and structural summary indices suggested greater variability among patients in goal profiles than in efficacy or problem profiles; nonetheless, latent profile analyses identified coherent subgroups of patients with distinct patterns of efficacy (e.g., lacking confidence for speaking up vs. setting boundaries) and problems (e.g., being overly inhibited vs. self-sacrificing) as well as goals (e.g., to be included vs. unobtrusive). Women and those with more severe symptoms were overrepresented in the least agentic groups. The results show how observing patients through multiple circumplex surfaces simultaneously can help clarify their interpersonal dispositions and inform interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliane Sayegh
- 2 Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,3 McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Gustavo Turecki
- 2 Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,3 McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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26
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Richmond S, Schwartz O, Johnson KA, Seal ML, Bray K, Deane C, Sheeber LB, Allen NB, Whittle S. Exploratory Factor Analysis of Observational Parent-Child Interaction Data. Assessment 2018; 27:1758-1776. [PMID: 30221976 DOI: 10.1177/1073191118796557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The majority of studies using observational coding systems for family interaction data derive scales describing family members' behaviors based on rational/theoretical approaches. This study explored an empirical approach to identifying the component structure of parent-child observational data that incorporated the affective context of the interaction. Dyads of 155 typically developing 8-year-olds and their mothers completed questionnaires and two interaction tasks, one each designed to illicit positive and negative interactions. Behaviors were coded based on a modified version of the Family Interaction Macro-coding System. Multiple factor analysis identified four-component solutions for the maternal and child data. For both, two of the components included negative behaviors, one positive behavior, and one communicative behavior. Evidence for the validity of the maternal and child components was demonstrated by associations with child depression and anxiety symptoms and behavioral problems. Preliminary evidence supports an empirical approach to identify context-specific components in parent-child observational data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orli Schwartz
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Marc L Seal
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Camille Deane
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas B Allen
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Sarah Whittle
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Barbaranelli C, Fida R, Paciello M, Tramontano C. ‘Possunt, quia posse videntur’: They can because they think they can. Development and validation of the Work Self-Efficacy scale: Evidence from two studies. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Hopwood CJ, Good EW, Morey LC. Validity of the DSM-5 Levels of Personality Functioning Scale-Self Report. J Pers Assess 2018; 100:650-659. [PMID: 29424568 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1420660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study we examined the structure, reliability, and validity of the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale-Self Report (LPFS-SR) in 3 large community samples. The LPFS-SR is a questionnaire with content that corresponds directly to the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders, Criterion A. We found that the LPFS-SR was highly reliable across a brief retest interval. LPFS-SR scores correlated substantially with a wide range of maladaptive personality traits, personality disorder constructs, and interpersonal problems. The LPFS-SR did not correlate as strongly with aspects of personality with less clear relations to distress and dysfunction. Data further support that identity, self-direction, intimacy, and empathy components of the LPFS-SR can be characterized by a single factor and have similar correlations with criterion variables, consistent with the hypothesis that DSM-5 Criterion A is a relatively homogeneous construct. Overall, these results support the validity of the LPFS-SR, highlight important issues in assessing personality pathology, and point toward novel avenues for research on personality disorder classification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan W Good
- b Department of Psychology , Michigan State University
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29
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Badr H, Federman AD, Wolf M, Revenson TA, Wisnivesky JP. Depression in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their informal caregivers. Aging Ment Health 2017; 21:975-982. [PMID: 27212642 PMCID: PMC5116419 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1186153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their caregivers are at high risk for developing depression. Depression can adversely affect the quality of life of patients and caregivers; however, studies in COPD have largely examined predictors of patient and caregiver depression in isolation. This dyadic study examined individual-level predictors of patient and caregiver depression in COPD (i.e. actor effects) as well as how dyad members effect each other's depression (i.e. partner effects). METHODS Survey data were collected from 89 patient-caregiver dyads that were enrolled in a multi-site cohort study. RESULTS Participants were predominantly women (61% of patients and 76% of caregivers) and racial/ethnic minorities (65% of patients and 63% of caregivers). Based on PHQ9 cutoffs, 30% of patients and 20% of caregivers had mild depression; 30% of patients and 8% of caregivers had moderate to severe depression. Multilevel models with the dyad as the unit of analysis showed that less frequent patient self-management, higher levels of caregiver burden, and being in poorer health were associated with higher levels of depression for both dyad members. Higher levels of depression in a partner were also associated with higher levels of depression for women, regardless of whether women were patients or caregivers. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that similar factors predict patient and caregiver depression in COPD and that women are at increased risk for developing depression when their partners are depressed. Dyadic psychosocial interventions that target patients and their caregivers may thus be beneficial in terms of addressing depression in this this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Badr
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Alex D Federman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Michael Wolf
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Tracey A Revenson
- Hunter College & the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Juan P Wisnivesky
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Nilsen ES, Rints A, Ethier N, Moroz S. Mother-Child Communication: The Influence of ADHD Symptomatology and Executive Functioning on Paralinguistic Style. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1203. [PMID: 27559327 PMCID: PMC4978724 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paralinguistic style, involving features of speech such as pitch and volume, is an important aspect of one's communicative competence. However, little is known about the behavioral traits and cognitive skills that relate to these aspects of speech. This study examined the extent to which ADHD traits and executive functioning (EF) related to the paralinguistic styles of 8- to 12-year-old children and their mothers. Data was collected via parent report (ADHD traits), independent laboratory tasks of EF (working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility), and an interactive problem-solving task (completed by mothers and children jointly) which was coded for paralinguistic speech elements (i.e., pitch level/variability; volume level/variability). Dyadic data analyses revealed that elevated ADHD traits in children were associated with a more exaggerated paralinguistic style (i.e., elevated and more variable pitch/volume) for both mothers and children. Mothers' paralinguistic style was additionally predicted by an interaction of mothers' and children's ADHD traits, such that mothers with elevated ADHD traits showed exaggerated paralinguistic styles particularly when their children also had elevated ADHD traits. Highlighting a cognitive mechanism, children with weaker inhibitory control showed more exaggerated paralinguistic styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Nilsen
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, WaterlooON, Canada
| | - Ami Rints
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, WaterlooON, Canada
| | - Nicole Ethier
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, WaterlooON, Canada
| | - Sarah Moroz
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, LondonON, Canada
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Dowgwillo EA, Pincus AL. Differentiating Dark Triad Traits Within and Across Interpersonal Circumplex Surfaces. Assessment 2016; 24:24-44. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191116643161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent discussions surrounding the Dark Triad (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) have centered on areas of distinctiveness and overlap. Given that interpersonal dysfunction is a core feature of Dark Triad traits, the current study uses self-report data from 562 undergraduate students to examine the interpersonal characteristics associated with narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism on four interpersonal circumplex (IPC) surfaces. The distinctiveness of these characteristics was examined using a novel bootstrapping methodology for computing confidence intervals around circumplex structural summary method parameters. Results suggest that Dark Triad traits exhibit distinct structural summary method parameters with narcissism characterized by high dominance, psychopathy characterized by a blend of high dominance and low affiliation, and Machiavellianism characterized by low affiliation on the problems, values, and efficacies IPC surfaces. Additionally, there was some heterogeneity in findings for different measures of psychopathy. Gender differences in structural summary parameters were examined, finding similar parameter values despite mean-level differences in Dark Triad traits. Finally, interpersonal information was integrated across different IPC surfaces to create profiles associated with each Dark Triad trait and to provide a more in-depth portrait of associated interpersonal dynamics.
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Locke KD, Sayegh L, Penberthy JK, Weber C, Haentjens K, Turecki G. Interpersonal Circumplex Profiles Of Persistent Depression: Goals, Self-Efficacy, Problems, And Effects Of Group Therapy. J Clin Psychol 2016; 73:595-611. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliane Sayegh
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and McGill University
| | | | | | | | - Gustavo Turecki
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and McGill University
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Ambwani S, Berenson KR, Simms L, Li A, Corfield F, Treasure J. Seeing things differently: An experimental investigation of social cognition and interpersonal behavior in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:499-506. [PMID: 26712303 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interpersonal difficulties among individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) may stem in part due to misperceiving social cues. The current study investigated social functioning by comparing interpersonal self-efficacy, perceptions of dominance/submission (i.e., agency) and coldness/warmth (i.e., communion), and hypothetical behavioral reactions among individuals with and without AN. METHOD Seventy-seven women (AN/Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder OSFED-AN n = 41, nonclinical comparison group n = 36) completed questionnaires assessing mood symptoms and interpersonal self-efficacy, followed by an experimental video-rating task in which they received critical feedback from job supervisors varying in degrees of agency and communion. RESULTS AN respondents perceived more coldness overall, even after adjusting for differences in depression and anxiety symptoms, and tended to respond with coldness even to videos that they perceived as being warm. However, perceptual accuracies for agency were similar across groups. Interpersonal self-efficacy moderated the relationship between diagnostic status and behavioral responses: among those who felt competent being cold-submissive, AN respondents selected cold-submissive responses more frequently than did the nonclinical comparison group. DISCUSSION Among those with AN symptoms, there may be a tendency toward social perceptual inaccuracies regarding communion and non-complementary cold behavioral responses. Results suggest that improving social perceptions may be a fruitful intervention target for enhancing interpersonal functioning among individuals with AN. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:499-506).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Ambwani
- Psychology Department, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathy R Berenson
- Department of Psychology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Lea Simms
- Psychology Department, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda Li
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Freya Corfield
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Treasure
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Dawood S, Pincus AL. Multisurface Interpersonal Assessment in a Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Context. J Pers Assess 2016; 98:449-60. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2016.1159215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zimmermann J, Wright AGC. Beyond Description in Interpersonal Construct Validation: Methodological Advances in the Circumplex Structural Summary Approach. Assessment 2015; 24:3-23. [PMID: 26685192 DOI: 10.1177/1073191115621795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interpersonal circumplex is a well-established structural model that organizes interpersonal functioning within the two-dimensional space marked by dominance and affiliation. The structural summary method (SSM) was developed to evaluate the interpersonal nature of other constructs and measures outside the interpersonal circumplex. To date, this method has been primarily descriptive, providing no way to draw inferences when comparing SSM parameters across constructs or groups. We describe a newly developed resampling-based method for deriving confidence intervals, which allows for SSM parameter comparisons. In a series of five studies, we evaluated the accuracy of the approach across a wide range of possible sample sizes and parameter values, and demonstrated its utility for posing theoretical questions on the interpersonal nature of relevant constructs (e.g., personality disorders) using real-world data. As a result, the SSM is strengthened for its intended purpose of construct evaluation and theory building.
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Kershaw T, Ellis KR, Yoon H, Schafenacker A, Katapodi M, Northouse L. The Interdependence of Advanced Cancer Patients' and Their Family Caregivers' Mental Health, Physical Health, and Self-Efficacy over Time. Ann Behav Med 2015; 49:901-11. [PMID: 26489843 PMCID: PMC4825326 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-015-9743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The challenges of advanced cancer have health implications for patients and their family caregivers from diagnosis through end of life. The nature of the patient/caregiver experience suggests that their mental and physical health maybe interdependent, but limited empirical evidence exists. PURPOSE This study used social cognitive theory as a framework to investigate individual and interpersonal influences on patients' and their family caregivers' mental health, physical health, and self-efficacy as individuals to manage the challenges of advanced disease over time. METHODS Patients and caregivers (484 patient-caregiver dyads) completed surveys at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Longitudinal dyadic analysis techniques were used to examine (i)the influence that patients and caregivers had on their own mental health, physical health, and self-efficacy (actor effects)and (ii) the influence that they had on each other's health outcomes (partner effects). We also examined the influence of self-efficacy on mental and physical health over time. RESULTS Consistent with our hypotheses, each person's mental health, physical health, and self-efficacy had significant effects on their own outcomes over time (actor effects). Patients and caregivers influenced one another's mental and physical health (partner effects), but not their self-efficacy. In addition, patients and caregivers with higher self-efficacy had better mental health, and their partners had better physical health. CONCLUSIONS Patients' and caregivers' mental and physical health were interdependent. Each person's cancer-related self-efficacy influenced their own mental and physical health. However, a person's self-efficacy did not influence the other person's self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrina R. Ellis
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Hyojin Yoon
- Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University
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Ling Y, Zhang M, Locke KD, Li G, Li Z. Examining the Process of Responding to Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Values Items: Should Ideal Point Scoring Methods Be Considered? J Pers Assess 2015; 98:310-8. [PMID: 26421444 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2015.1077852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Values (CSIV) is a 64-item self-report measure of goals from each octant of the interpersonal circumplex. We used item response theory methods to compare whether dominance models or ideal point models best described how people respond to CSIV items. Specifically, we fit a polytomous dominance model called the generalized partial credit model and an ideal point model of similar complexity called the generalized graded unfolding model to the responses of 1,893 college students. The results of both graphical comparisons of item characteristic curves and statistical comparisons of model fit suggested that an ideal point model best describes the process of responding to CSIV items. The different models produced different rank orderings of high-scoring respondents, but overall the models did not differ in their prediction of criterion variables (agentic and communal interpersonal traits and implicit motives).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ling
- a Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Minqiang Zhang
- a Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
| | | | - Guangming Li
- a Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zonglong Li
- a Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
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The awestruck effect: Followers suppress emotion expression in response to charismatic but not individually considerate leadership. LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Williams TF, Simms LJ. Personality disorder models and their coverage of interpersonal problems. Personal Disord 2015; 7:15-27. [PMID: 26168406 DOI: 10.1037/per0000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal dysfunction is a defining feature of personality disorders (PDs) and can serve as a criterion for comparing PD models. In this study, the interpersonal coverage of 4 competing PD models was examined using a sample of 628 current or recent psychiatric patients who completed the NEO Personality Inventory-3 First Half (NEO-PI-3FH; McCrae & Costa, 2007), Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5; Krueger et al., 2012), Computerized Adaptive Test of Personality Disorder-Static Form (CAT-PD-SF; Simms et al., 2011), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Questionnaire (SCID-II PQ; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, & Williams, 1995). Participants also completed the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Short Circumplex (IIP-SC; Soldz, Budman, Demby, & Merry, 1995) to assess interpersonal dysfunction. Analyses compared the severity and style of interpersonal problems that characterize PD models. Previous research with DSM-5 Section II and III models was generally replicated. Extraversion and Agreeableness facets related to the most well defined interpersonal problems across normal-range and pathological traits. Pathological trait models provided more coverage of dominance problems, whereas normal-range traits covered nonassertiveness better. These results suggest that more work may be needed to reconcile descriptions of personality pathology at the level of specific constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor F Williams
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
| | - Leonard J Simms
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
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41
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Kammrath LK, McCarthy MH, Cortes K, Friesen C. Picking One’s Battles. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550615572635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Assertive behavior is positively associated with trait extraversion and negatively associated with trait agreeableness. Are introverted and agreeable people simply unable to be highly assertive? Global assertiveness is, we argue, influenced by more than one interpersonal ability; it is affected by the ability to show high assertion but also by the ability to show low assertion. If assertiveness and unassertiveness abilities are distinct skills, the unassertiveness of an introverted person might occur for different reasons than the unassertiveness of an agreeable person and might in consequence manifest in different situations. To explore these possibilities, we looked at informant reports of participants’ assertiveness and unassertiveness abilities (Study 1) and participants’ if-then profiles of assertiveness behavior (Studies 2 and 3). The results suggested that introverted people are less assertive than extraverted people because they have lower assertiveness ability, whereas agreeable people are less assertive than disagreeable people because they have higher unassertiveness ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara K. Kammrath
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Megan H. McCarthy
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Kassandra Cortes
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Moss SA, Dolan J. Are Differences Between Partners Always Detrimental? The Moderating Role of Future Connectedness. INTERPERSONA: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2014. [DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.v8i2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether perceived differences between romantic partners compromises or enhances relationships may depend on the characteristics of individuals. This study explores the possibility that differences in capabilities but not motives enhance relationship satisfaction—but only when the individuals feel connected to their future identity. In particular, when individuals feel connected to their future identity, their primary motivation is to accrue capabilities and resources that could be useful in subsequent decades. They will thus seek partners with capabilities they have yet to acquire because, consistent with self-expansion theory, they tend to perceive these abilities as part of their own self-concept. To test this premise, 152 individuals rated the motives and capabilities of both themselves and their partners and also answered questions that gauge their relationship satisfaction and connectedness to their future identity. Perceived differences in motives and capabilities were inversely associated with relationship satisfaction. However, when participants felt connected to their future identity, the inverse association between differences in capabilities and relationship satisfaction diminished. Accordingly, if individuals perceive their lives as stable, they can embrace some differences between themselves and their partner.
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Roche MJ, Pincus AL, Rebar AL, Conroy DE, Ram N. Enriching psychological assessment using a person-specific analysis of interpersonal processes in daily life. Assessment 2014; 21:515-28. [PMID: 25038215 DOI: 10.1177/1073191114540320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a series of methods and approaches for clinicians interested in tracking their individual patients over time and in the natural settings of their daily lives. The application of person-specific analyses to intensive repeated measurement data can assess some aspects of persons that are distinct from the valuable results obtained from single-occasion assessments. Guided by interpersonal theory, we assess a psychotherapy patient's interpersonal processes as they unfold in his daily life. We highlight specific contexts that change these processes, use an informant report to examine discrepancies in his reported interpersonal processes, and examine how his interpersonal processes differ as a function of varying levels of self-esteem and anger. We advocate for this approach to complement existing psychological assessments and provide a scoring program to facilitate initial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron L Pincus
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Amanda L Rebar
- Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - David E Conroy
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nilam Ram
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Abstract
Six studies ( N = 1,682) used the Circumplex Scales of Intergroup Goals (CSIG)—an inventory based on the interpersonal circle—to assess individuals’ agentic and communal goals for interactions between groups (nations in Studies 1-4, organizations in Study 5, political parties in Study 6). Noteworthy findings included the following: People with stronger unagentic-and-uncommunal goals perceived other groups as dangers, were wary of intergroup negotiations, and sanctioned authoritarianism and inequality. People with stronger agentic-and-uncommunal goals proudly identified with their country and compatriots, disapproved of nations unlike their own, and preferred the conservative candidate in a national election. People with stronger communal-and-unagentic goals identified with people beyond their ingroup, and wanted their group to resolve intergroup conflicts by behaving cooperatively rather than competitively or aggressively. By providing an encompassing framework capable of organizing and integrating these types of diverse findings, the circumplex model can facilitate cumulative scientific progress.
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Ayearst LE, Sellbom M, Trobst KK, Bagby RM. Evaluating the Interpersonal Content of the MMPI–2–RF Interpersonal Scales. J Pers Assess 2013; 95:187-96. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2012.730085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
The categorical-dimensional debate has catalyzed a wealth of empirical advances in the study of personality pathology. However, this debate is merely one articulation of a broader conceptual question regarding whether to define and describe psychopathology as a quantitatively extreme expression of normal functioning or as qualitatively distinct in its process. In this article I argue that dynamic models of personality (e.g., object relations, cognitive-affective processing system) offer the conceptual scaffolding to reconcile these seemingly incompatible approaches to characterizing the relationship between normal and pathological personality. I propose that advances in personality assessment that sample behavior and experiences intensively provide the empirical techniques, whereas interpersonal theory offers an integrative theoretical framework, for accomplishing this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Abstract
Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Entwicklung und Validierung des Inventars zur Erfassung interpersonaler Motive (IIM)–eine deutsche Version der Circumplex Scales of interpersonal Values (CSIV, Locke, 2000). Es handelt sich um ein Instrument der Interpersonalen Forschungstradition, d. h. die Struktur des IIM berücksichtigt das theoretische interpersonale Circumplexmodell (IPC) zur Messung interpersonaler Ziele entlang der beiden Dimensionen Agency und Communion. Die acht Skalen zu je acht Items bilden die Oktanten des Kreismodells ab. Anhand klinischer und nicht klinischer Stichproben wird die Validierung des IIM vorgestellt. Das IIM wurde hinsichtlich der psychometrischen und circumplexbezogenen Item- und Skalenparameter, der Konstruktvalidität (Fit mit dem IPC-Modell, Konvergenz bzw. Divergenz zu anderen Messinstrumenten sowie Diskrimination von Patienten der Diagnose Soziale Phobie von einer gesunden Vergleichsgruppe) und der Reliabilität (Cronbachs Alpha, Test-Retest-Reliabilität) geprüft. Das IIM empfiehlt sich gleichermaßen für sozialpsychologische und differentielle Fragestellungen wie für den Einsatz in Psychotherapiestudien.
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Abstract
This research examines the role of self-efficacy in women’s responses to elite leadership role models. Previous research on role models has been equivocal, demonstrating that the impact of social comparisons on the self is multifaceted. Using an experimental methodology, 102 female participants were presented with role models (elite, nonelite, control) before serving as the leader of an ostensible three-person group. Findings revealed that women with low, as opposed to high, levels of leadership self-efficacy were less inspired by the highly successful role models and showed deflating contrast effects as demonstrated in their diminished identification with leadership, leadership aspirations, and leadership performance. Moreover, the performance effects were mediated by participants’ identification with leadership. This research has identified an important self-regulatory variable that influences whether people engage in assimilative or contrastive processes when making strategic comparisons and it identifies the important role of self-perceptions in behavioral responses to role models.
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