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Kiuru N, DeLay D, Tervahartiala K, Polet J, Hirvonen R. Friend influence and susceptibility to influence on emotions towards math: The role of adolescent temperament. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39075022 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peer relationships during adolescence play an important role in shaping academic outcomes. The present study examined friend influences on emotions towards math, as well as the role of temperament in these influences. SAMPLE The sample consisted of 350 Finnish students (mean age 13.29 years; 64% girls) who were involved in stable friendship dyads from fall to spring of Grade 7. METHODS In this two-wave study, information on adolescents' temperament (i.e., negative emotionality, extraversion, effortful control) and on seven emotions towards math (i.e., enjoyment, hope, pride, anger, anxiety, shame, hopelessness, and boredom) was collected during grade 7. The data were analysed using longitudinal actor-partner interdependence models. RESULTS The results showed that friends resembled each other in all the investigated math-related emotions. Furthermore, over and above these initial similarities, friends mutually influenced each other's math-related enjoyment and anger towards math. Students characterized by higher negative emotionality also influenced their friends with lower levels of negative emotionality towards an increase in math-related anger and a lack of effortful control made adolescents more susceptible to friend influence over math-related shame and anxiety. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that friends influence each other over time in math-related enjoyment and frustration. Furthermore, high negative emotionality may make adolescents more influential over their friends' math-related anger and a lack of effortful control may make adolescents more susceptible to friend influence over math-related shame and anxiety. Thus, the current findings have implications for how peer relations may impact individual outcomes in mathematics, for better or worse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noona Kiuru
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Dawn DeLay
- Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Katja Tervahartiala
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre of Excellence in Learning Dynamics and Intervention Research (InterLearn), University of Jyväskylä and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Polet
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Centre of Excellence in Learning Dynamics and Intervention Research (InterLearn), University of Jyväskylä and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Hirvonen
- School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Phillips JJ, Roche MJ, Ann Bell M. The Utility of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale in Maternal Samples: A Brief Report. J Pers Assess 2024; 106:328-336. [PMID: 37753946 PMCID: PMC10965509 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2258961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Maternal personality plays a role in how a mother parents her children and adolescents. Current trait-based measures of personality are acceptable for use in maternal samples, but the presence or absence of given personality traits might not be enough to describe how personality relates to parenting. The Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) could serve as a solution, as it was designed to capture level of dysfunction in personality without being reliant on specific personality traits. Research, however, has yet to demonstrate the LPFS as a useful measure of personality in maternal samples, thus the goal of this study. A sample of 123 mothers reported on behavioral problems in their adolescent-aged children and their own personality using both a trait-based measure and the LPFS. Our data showed that maternal reports on the LPFS were associated with maternal perceptions of adolescent behavioral problems, in addition to being an acceptable measure of personality in our maternal sample. We also provide support for incremental validity of the LPFS in our sample, as the LPFS uniquely predicted maternal perceptions of adolescent behavioral problems even after controlling for maternal personality traits. Our results are discussed in light of the limitations of the extant work on maternal personality and add to the literature by demonstrating that the LPFS is an acceptable and ubiquitous measure of personality in maternal samples.
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Kiuru N, Salmela-Aro K, Laursen B, Vasalampi K, Beattie M, Tunkkari M, Junttila N. Profiles of Loneliness and Ostracism During Adolescence: Consequences, Antecedents, and Protective Factors. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01664-8. [PMID: 38337110 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This longitudinal study (N = 1078, 46% boys; 54% girls) examined profiles of loneliness and ostracism during adolescence and their consequences and antecedents. Longitudinal latent profiles analyses identified four distinct profiles: (1) High emotional loneliness (25%), High and increasing social loneliness (15%), High peer exclusion and high social impact (9%) and No peer problems (51%). Subsequent internalizing problems were typical for the High and increasing social loneliness profile and externalizing problems for the High emotional loneliness and High peer exclusion and high social impact profiles. Furthermore, effortful control, prosocial skills, and relationship quality with parents and teachers were highest in the No peer problems profile, whereas the High and increasing social loneliness profile had the lowest self-esteem and was characterized by low surgency/extraversion, high affiliativeness, and high negative affectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noona Kiuru
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | | | | | - Kati Vasalampi
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | | | - Mari Tunkkari
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Niina Junttila
- University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
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Jaruseviciute V, Silinskas G, Kiuru N. Socioemotional functioning across the transition to lower secondary school: The role of temperament and relationships with mothers and teachers. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:1143-1163. [PMID: 37272303 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This Finnish longitudinal study investigated the role of relationships with mothers (n = 631) and teachers (n = 56), and adolescents' (n = 848; 53.9% girls, 46.1% boys) temperament in the development of the adolescents' socioemotional functioning during the transition to lower secondary school (Grade 6 to Grade 7; age in Grade 6: M = 12.32, SD = 0.36). The results showed that mother-adolescent closeness predicted a higher level and teacher-adolescent closeness predicted a smaller decrease in prosocial behavior. Teacher-adolescent conflict predicted a higher level, and mother-adolescent conflict predicted an increase in externalizing problems. Only temperament predicted internalizing problems. In addition, relationship quality both mediated and moderated some of the associations between temperament and socioemotional functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilija Jaruseviciute
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Gintautas Silinskas
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Noona Kiuru
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Favini A, Gerbino M, Pastorelli C, Di Giunta L, Iselin AMR, Lansford JE, Eisenberg N, Tirado LMU, Bacchini D, Lunetti C, Basili E, Thartori E, Cirimele F, Fiasconaro I, Remondi C. Emotion-related Self-regulation Profiles in Early Adolescence: A Cross-National Study. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023; 213:112298. [PMID: 38854875 PMCID: PMC11160934 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Emotionality and self-regulation are crucial for positive development, especially during early adolescence when youths experience normative increases in behavioral problems and declines in prosociality. Using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA-a person-oriented technique to identify patterns of functioning within individuals), we identified youths' profiles based on dimensions of mother-reported negative emotionality (NE; anger/frustration, sadness/depressive mood), and Effortful Control (EC; attentional, activation and inhibitory control) and examined concurrent associations with self- and mother-reported aggressive and prosocial behaviors. We included a cross-national sample of 530 youths (M age =11.43; 49% males) from Colombia (17%), Italy (36%), and United States (47%). We identified four profiles: Adjusted (38%; low NE; high EC)-lowest aggression, highest prosociality; Average (34%; average NE and EC)-average aggression and prosociality; Emotional-regulated (20%; high NE; average EC)-average aggression and high prosociality; and Emotional-dysregulated (8%; high NE; low EC)-highest aggression, low prosociality. We highlight associations of different emotion-regulation patterns with specific behavioral responses in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainzara Favini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gerbino
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Di Giunta
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Dario Bacchini
- Psychology Department, Federico II Second University of Naples, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Basili
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Eriona Thartori
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Cirimele
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Remondi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Hartmann SA, Hayes T, Sutherland MT, Trucco EM. Risk factors for early use of e-cigarettes and alcohol: Dimensions and profiles of temperament. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:481-493. [PMID: 34924096 PMCID: PMC9207150 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent e-cigarette use has been labeled an epidemic and alcohol use during this developmental period is associated with deleterious outcomes. Though specific temperamental dimensions have been shown to predict substance use, profiles of temperament have rarely been examined as predictors. This study examines dimensions and profiles of adolescent temperament as predictors of early use of e-cigarettes and alcohol. The sample was comprised of adolescent (62.07% female, 87.59% White, 82.76% Hispanic/Latinx)/caregiver dyads (N = 146) who completed the first two timepoints (M age at second timepoint = 16.16, SD = 0.68) of a longitudinal adolescent substance use study. Models showed parent-reported effortful control predicted protection against adolescent use of e-cigarettes, whereas adolescent report of effortful control predicted protection against alcohol use. Though dissimilar in temperamental pattern, three profiles emerged from both parent- and adolescent-report-based latent profile analysis models. Adolescents characterized by parents as displaying a Resilient profile had greater odds of e-cigarette use than those characterized by a Reserved profile, whereas adolescents who self-characterized as Mixed-type had markedly greater odds of alcohol use than those who self-characterized as Resilient. Utilization of temperamental profiles may aid in identification of particularly vulnerable subgroups of adolescents who may benefit from relevant preventative programing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Hartmann
- Psychology Department, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Timothy Hayes
- Psychology Department, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew T Sutherland
- Psychology Department, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Elisa M Trucco
- Psychology Department, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Psychiatry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Sorvo R, Kiuru N, Koponen T, Aro T, Viholainen H, Ahonen T, Aro M. Longitudinal and situational associations between math anxiety and performance among early adolescents. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1514:174-186. [PMID: 35579927 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies have found math anxiety and achievement to be related from the beginning of formal schooling, but the knowledge regarding the direction of the relationship is vague. The purpose of the present study was to study this relationship. We investigated math anxiety from two points of view: trait and state anxiety. In the first substudy, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between math anxiety and performance from sixth to seventh grade (n = 848) with cross-lagged modeling. In the second substudy, we investigated the situational relationship of anxiety and performance by giving the participants (n = 149) challenging and nonchallenging math tasks adapted to their skill level, and then examining the association between anxiety and the performance. The results suggest that math anxiety has a small longitudinal effect on performance: High anxiety in sixth grade predicted low performance in seventh grade. Anxiety also had a situational association with performance: when anxiety was aroused, the participants performed more poorly compared to their skill level. The results adduce the two-fold effect of anxiety on achievement: math anxiety seems to have both a real-time association with performance and a long-term effect on the development of basic arithmetic skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Sorvo
- Department of Education, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Noona Kiuru
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuire Koponen
- Department of Education, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuija Aro
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Helena Viholainen
- Department of Education, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Timo Ahonen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mikko Aro
- Department of Education, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Hartanti DT, Setiawati Y, Husada D, Irwanto I. Correlation between Adolescents’ Temperament and Internet Addiction Levels in Junior High School in Surabaya, Indonesia. JURNAL BERKALA EPIDEMIOLOGI 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/jbe.v9i22021.192-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Internet addiction has become a serious problem in the world, especially for adolescents. Temperament plays an important role in influencing internet addiction in adolescents. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between students’ characteristics and temperament with their internet addiction levels in one of the junior high schools in Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which used primary data that was obtained from students who filled out a questionnaire. The study sample included 114 students in one of the junior high schools in Surabaya. The dependent variable was the internet addiction level; the dependent variables were gender, age, student grade, and temperament. An Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and an Early Adolescents Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (EATQ-R) were the tools used for data collection. Data was collected in November 2019. The sample selection was done through the stratified random sampling technique. The data was subsequently analyzed using the Fisher’s exact and Spearman correlation tests. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between age (p<0.01), student grade (p<0.05), negative affectivity (p<0.01), and surgency (p<0.05) toward internet addiction levels. There was a significant negative correlation observed between effortful control (p<0.05) and internet addiction levels. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between age, student grade, negative affectivity, surgency, and effortful control and adolescents’ internet addiction levels.
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Puonti V, Hirvonen R, Kiuru N. Associations of temperament types and gender of early adolescents and teachers with adolescents' school well-being. Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:510-521. [PMID: 33961293 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the role of temperament type and gender of adolescents and teachers in adolescents' well-being in school. The sample consisted of 677 Finnish students and 56 classroom teachers. Parents rated adolescent temperament and teachers rated their own temperament in autumn of Grade 6. Self-reports of school well-being among adolescents were obtained in autumn and the fall of Grade 6. The results showed that being a girl and having resilient temperament type predicted higher school well-being. In turn, boys with undercontrolled temperament, who were otherwise at risk for decreased school well-being, particularly benefited from having a female teacher with resilient temperament. Overall, the results suggest that both adolescent temperament type and gender play important roles in adolescents' well-being in school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Puonti
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Riikka Hirvonen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Noona Kiuru
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Clem AL, Hirvonen R, Aunola K, Kiuru N. Reciprocal relations between adolescents’ self-concepts of ability and achievement emotions in mathematics and literacy. CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The Role of Adolescents’ and Their Parents’ Temperament Types in Adolescents’ Academic Emotions: A Goodness-of-Fit Approach. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-020-09582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Academic emotions (e.g., enjoyment of learning or anxiety) play a significant role in academic performance and educational choices. An important factor explaining academic emotions can be students’ temperament and the goodness-of-fit between their temperament and their social environment, including parents.
Objective
This study investigated the unique and interactive effects of early adolescents’ and their parents’ temperament types on adolescents’ academic emotions in literacy and mathematics.
Method
The participants in the study consisted of 690 adolescent–parent dyads. Parents rated their own and their adolescents’ temperaments, and adolescents reported their positive and negative emotions in literacy and mathematics.
Results
The results showed that adolescents’ temperament type was significantly related to their negative emotions in both school subjects. Adolescents with an undercontrolled temperament reported more anger compared to adolescents with a resilient or overcontrolled temperament, and more anxiety, shame, and hopelessness compared to resilient adolescents. In addition, undercontrolled adolescents reported more boredom in mathematics than resilient or overcontrolled adolescents. The parents’ temperament type was related to positive emotions. Adolescents of resilient parents reported greater pride in mathematics than adolescents of undercontrolled or overcontrolled parents and higher hope in mathematics than adolescents of overcontrolled parents. Finally, overcontrolled adolescents with a resilient or overcontrolled parent reported higher enjoyment of mathematics and literacy in comparison to overcontrolled adolescents with an undercontrolled parent.
Conclusions
The findings of the study provide new knowledge about the role of temperament in the school context by showing that differences in temperamental reactivity and regulation relate to adolescents’ academic emotions.
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Haapala EA, Haapala HL, Syväoja H, Tammelin TH, Finni T, Kiuru N. Longitudinal associations of physical activity and pubertal development with academic achievement in adolescents. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:265-273. [PMID: 32444151 PMCID: PMC7242213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the longitudinal associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and pubertal development with academic achievement in adolescents. METHODS A total of 635 adolescents (283 boys, 352 girls) aged 11-13 years participated in the study. MVPA was assessed by the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study questionnaire, and pubertal development was assessed by the Pubertal Development Scale at beginning of the 6th grade (baseline) and end of the 7th grade (follow-up). Grade point average (GPA) at the end of Grades 5 and 7 was computed from data acquired from the school registers. The data were analyzed using linear regression and analyses of covariance. RESULTS In boys, MVPA was positively associated with GPA at baseline after adjustment for age (β = 0.144, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.028-0.260, p = 0.028). In girls, the Pubertal Development Scale was positively associated with GPA at baseline (β = 0.104, 95%CI: -0.004 to 0.211, p = 0.058) and follow-up (β = 0.104, 95%CI: -0.002 to 0.211, p = 0.055) after adjustment for age, and these associations strengthened after further adjustment for MVPA (p < 0.05). Adolescents who were inactive at baseline or at baseline and follow-up had lower GPA during follow-up than their continuously highly active peers (mean difference = -0.301, 95%CI: -0.543 to -0.058, p = 0.009) and all other adolescents (mean difference = -0.247, 95%CI: -0.475 to -0.019, p = 0.029). These differences were greater in girls than in boys. CONCLUSION Lower levels of MVPA were associated with lower GPA in boys at baseline. Girls who were continuously inactive had lower GPA over the follow-up period than those who were continuously active. Finally, earlier pubertal development was associated with better academic achievement in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero A Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland; Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, FI-70211, Finland.
| | - Henna L Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Heidi Syväoja
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, FI-40700, Finland
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, FI-40700, Finland
| | - Taija Finni
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Noona Kiuru
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
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Pesu L, Aunola K, Viljaranta J, Hirvonen R, Kiuru N. The role of mothers' beliefs in students' self-concept of ability development. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lyyra P, Parviainen T. Behavioral Inhibition Underlies the Link Between Interoceptive Sensitivity and Anxiety-Related Temperamental Traits. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1026. [PMID: 29977219 PMCID: PMC6021514 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoceptive sensitivity (IS) is a biologically determined, constitutional trait of an individual. High IS has been often associated with proneness to anxiety. This association has been explained by elevated autonomic responsiveness in anxious individuals. However, in a heartbeat discrimination task (discrimination of heartbeats' simultaneity to an external stimulus) low cardiac responsiveness has accompanied enhanced performance. The relation between these factors seems task dependent, and cannot comprehensively explain the link between IS and anxiety. We explored for additional explanatory factors for this link. More specifically, we studied which anxiety-related temperamental traits most strongly predict IS in the discrimination task. Compatibly with earlier findings, IS was positively associated with individual trait anxiety and also other related traits such as negative affect, emotional intensity, and introversion. Interestingly, behavioral inhibition was the temperamental trait that most strongly predicted high IS, and, in fact, accounted for its significant associations with the other anxiety-related temperamental traits. Good performance on heartbeat discrimination task may reflect adaptive attentional control abilities in behaviorally inhibited individuals. These results can improve our understanding of how IS and other traits together determine the personality and wellbeing of a human individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pessi Lyyra
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Hoffmann M, Pérez JC, García C, Rojas G, Martínez V. Chilean Adaptation and Validation of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised Version. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2131. [PMID: 29326616 PMCID: PMC5742495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an adapted version of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (EATQ-R) that would be valid and reliable for assessing temperament and its components in Chileans between 12 and 18 years of age. Originally, Ellis and Rothbart (2001) developed this questionnaire (EATQ-R) to be used in North American adolescents. For the study in Chile, a translation protocol was developed, to maintain the original instrument's cultural and linguistic equivalence in the adapted version. Psychometric properties of the EATQ-R, such as factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity, were also assessed. The adaption and validation was carried out in two stages, with two different studies. The first study, which included 612 adolescent students from educational establishments in the cities of Santiago and Concepcion, Chile, developed the Chilean version of the 83-item EATQ-R, which has 13 dimensions, belonging to 4 theoretical factors with adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79-0.82). The second study assessed the questionnaire's convergent validity, through its application to 973 adolescent students in Santiago. Results show that the effortful control subscale was significantly inversely related to indicators of adolescent maladjustment, such as substance abuse and behavioral problems. In addition, it was directly associated with indicators of self-concept, including self-esteem and self-efficacy. The opposite pattern was observed when considering negative affect. These findings coincide with current knowledge on the relationship between temperament and adjustment in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Hoffmann
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J. Carola Pérez
- Centro de Apego y Regulación Emocional, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina García
- Dirección de Inclusión, Vicerrectoría Académica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Graciela Rojas
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Clínico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vania Martínez
- CEMERA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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