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Pessoa J, Nóbrega-Pereira S, de Jesus BB. Senescent cell-derived vaccines: a new concept towards an immune response against cancer and aging? Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10657-10665. [PMID: 38942604 PMCID: PMC11236300 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Two recent seminal works have untangled the intricate role of tumor-associated senescent cells in cancer progression, or regression, by guiding our immune system against cancer cells. The characterization of these unique, yet diverse cell populations, should be considered, particularly when contemplating the use of senolytics, which are drugs that selectively eliminate senescent cells, in a cancer framework. Here, we will describe the current knowledge in this field. In particular, we will discuss how the presence of senescent cells in tumors could be used as a therapeutic target in immunogenic cancers and how we may hypothetically design an adaptive anti-aging vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pessoa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Sandrina Nóbrega-Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Bruno Bernardes de Jesus
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
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2
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Poudel SB, Frikha-Benayed D, Ruff RR, Yildirim G, Dixit M, Korstanje R, Robinson L, Miller RA, Harrison DE, Strong JR, Schaffler MB, Yakar S. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction using methylene blue or mitoquinone to improve skeletal aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4948-4964. [PMID: 38535998 PMCID: PMC11006499 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is a well-established antioxidant that has been shown to improve mitochondrial function in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Mitoquinone (MitoQ) is a selective antioxidant that specifically targets mitochondria and effectively reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. To investigate the effect of long-term administration of MB on skeletal morphology, we administered MB to aged (18 months old) female C57BL/J6 mice, as well as to adult male and female mice with a genetically diverse background (UM-HET3). Additionally, we used MitoQ as an alternative approach to target mitochondrial oxidative stress during aging in adult female and male UM-HET3 mice. Although we observed some beneficial effects of MB and MitoQ in vitro, the administration of these compounds in vivo did not alter the progression of age-induced bone loss. Specifically, treating 18-month-old female mice with MB for 6 or 12 months did not have an effect on age-related bone loss. Similarly, long-term treatment with MB from 7 to 22 months or with MitoQ from 4 to 22 months of age did not affect the morphology of cortical bone at the mid-diaphysis of the femur, trabecular bone at the distal-metaphysis of the femur, or trabecular bone at the lumbar vertebra-5 in UM-HET3 mice. Based on our findings, it appears that long-term treatment with MB or MitoQ alone, as a means to reduce skeletal oxidative stress, is insufficient to inhibit age-associated bone loss. This supports the notion that interventions solely with antioxidants may not provide adequate protection against skeletal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Bahadur Poudel
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086, USA
| | - Dorra Frikha-Benayed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Ryan R. Ruff
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086, USA
| | - Gozde Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086, USA
| | - Manisha Dixit
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086, USA
| | - Ron Korstanje
- Jackson Aging Center, Nathan Shock Center for Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson’s Laboratories, Aging Center, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Laura Robinson
- Jackson Aging Center, Nathan Shock Center for Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson’s Laboratories, Aging Center, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - John R. Strong
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Mitchell B. Schaffler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086, USA
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Elies L, Guillaume E, Gorieu M, Neves P, Schorsch F. Historical Control Data of Spontaneous Pathological Findings in C57BL/6J Mice Used in 18-Month Dietary Carcinogenicity Assays. Toxicol Pathol 2024; 52:99-113. [PMID: 38757264 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241248658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A retrospective analysis in C57BL6/J mice used in dietary carcinogenicity studies was performed to determine the survival rate, causes of death and incidences of spontaneous non-tumoral and tumoral findings. Data were collected from 1600 mice from control dose groups of sixteen 18-month carcinogenicity assays performed between 2003 and 2021 at the same test facility with similar environmental conditions and experimental procedures. The survival rate was high in both sexes (81%-85%) and the causes of humane euthanasia or death were mainly non-tumoral (chronic ulcerative dermatitis, atrial thrombosis). Benign tumors were more frequent than malignant tumors and females were more affected than males. Pituitary gland adenoma in females, lymphoma, bronchioloalveolar adenoma, and harderian gland adenoma in both sexes were the most common tumors. Systemic amyloidosis, the most frequent non-tumoral lesion, was observed variably across studies without sex predilection. The analysis by cohort (3 time periods of 6 years) showed a tendency toward higher incidences of lymphoma and pituitary gland adenoma and lower incidences of amyloidosis over time. The results presented here provide for the first time a robust set of control historical data in untreated C57BL/6J mice kept for 18 months contributing to build in depth knowledge of this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Elies
- Charles River Laboratories, Saint-Germain-Nuelles, France
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de Almeida Torres RJ, Moreto F, Luchini A, de Almeida Torres RJ, Longo SP, Pinho RA, Nagashima S, de Noronha L, Ferron AJT, de Almeida Silva CCV, Correa CR, Aldini G, Ferreira ALA. Carnosine supplementation and retinal oxidative parameters in a high-calorie diet rat model. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:502. [PMID: 38066465 PMCID: PMC10709828 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess oxidative effects induced by a high-calorie diet on the retina of Wistar rats and test the antioxidative effects of carnosine supplementation. METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups: standard diet (SD), high-calorie diet (HcD), standard diet + carnosine (SD + Car), and high-calorie diet + carnosine (HcD + Car). The body weight, adiposity index, plasma glucose, total lipids, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid, creatinine, and triglycerides of the animals were evaluated. The retinas were analyzed for markers of oxidative stress. Hydrogen peroxide production was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF) oxidation. The total glutathione (tGSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyl, and sulfhydryl groups of the antioxidant system were analyzed. RESULTS TAC levels increased in the retinas of the SD + Car group compared to the SD group (p < 0.05) and in the HcD + Car group compared to the HcD group (p < 0.05). The levels of GSH and the GSSH:GSSG ratio were increased in the HcD + Car group compared to the SD + Car group (p < 0.05). An increase in the retinal carbonyl content was observed in the HcD group compared to the SD group (p < 0.05) and in the HcD + Car group compared to the SD + Car group (p < 0.05). A high-calorie diet (HcD) was also associated with a decrease in retinal sulfhydryl-type levels compared to the SD group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that feeding a high-calorie diet to rats can promote an increase in carbonyl content and a reduction in sulfhydryl groups in their retinas. The administration of carnosine was not effective in attenuating these oxidative markers. TRIAL REGISTRATION Animal Ethics Committee of Botucatu Medical School - Certificate number 1292/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogil Jose de Almeida Torres
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Moreto
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Andrea Luchini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Oftalmologico de Curitiba, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Sofia Pimentel Longo
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Seigo Nagashima
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucia de Noronha
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Artur Junio Togneri Ferron
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Renata Correa
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DISFARM), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Lucia Anjos Ferreira
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
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5
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Janke LJ, Rehg JE. The many faces of mouse histiocytic sarcoma in C57BL/6J mice. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:443-460. [PMID: 37132518 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231166658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma is a tumor of the hematopoietic system considered to be derived from macrophages. Although rare in humans, it occurs frequently in mice. Histiocytic sarcoma can be a difficult tumor to diagnose due to its diverse cellular morphologies, growth patterns, and organ distributions. The varying morphology of histiocytic sarcomas makes it easy to confuse them with other types of neoplasia, including hepatic hemangiosarcoma, uterine schwannoma, leiomyosarcoma, uterine stromal cell tumor, intramedullary osteosarcoma, and myeloid leukemia. As such, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is often needed to differentiate histiocytic sarcomas from other common tumors in mice that they can morphologically mimic. The goal of this article is to present a broader perspective of the diverse cellular morphologies, growth patterns, organ distributions, and IHC labeling of histiocytic sarcomas encountered by the authors. This article describes these features in a set of 62 mouse histiocytic sarcomas, including the IHC characterization of the tumors using a panel of markers for the macrophage antigens F4/80, IBA1, MAC2, CD163, CD68, and lysozyme, and describes differentiating features of histiocytic sarcomas from other morphologically similar tumors. The genetic changes underlying the pathogenesis of histiocytic sarcoma in humans are beginning to be elucidated, but this is difficult due to its rarity. The higher prevalence of this tumor in mice provides opportunities to investigate mechanisms of its development and to test potential treatments.
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Keshavarz M, Xie K, Bano D, Ehninger D. Aging - what it is and how to measure it. Mech Ageing Dev 2023:111837. [PMID: 37302556 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current understanding of the biology of aging is largely based on research aimed at identifying factors that influence lifespan. However, lifespan as a sole proxy measure of aging has limitations because it can be influenced by specific pathologies (not generalized physiological deterioration in old age). Hence, there is a great need to discuss and design experimental approaches that are well-suited for studies targeting the biology of aging, rather than the biology of specific pathologies that restrict the lifespan of a given species. For this purpose, we here review various perspectives on aging, discuss agreement and disagreement among researchers on the definition of aging, and show that while slightly different aspects are emphasized, a widely accepted feature, shared across many definitions, is that aging is accompanied by phenotypic changes that occur in a population over the course of an average lifespan. We then discuss experimental approaches that are in line with these considerations, including multidimensional analytical frameworks as well as designs that facilitate the proper assessment of intervention effects on aging rate. The proposed framework can guide discovery approaches to aging mechanisms in all key model organisms (e.g., mouse, fish models, D. melanogaster, C. elegans) as well as in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Keshavarz
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kan Xie
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniele Bano
- Aging and Neurodegeneration Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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7
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Tsuji S, Brace CS, Yao R, Tanie Y, Tada H, Rensing N, Mizuno S, Almunia J, Kong Y, Nakamura K, Furukawa T, Ogiso N, Toyokuni S, Takahashi S, Wong M, Imai SI, Satoh A. Sleep-wake patterns are altered with age, Prdm13 signaling in the DMH, and diet restriction in mice. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301992. [PMID: 37045472 PMCID: PMC10105329 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Old animals display significant alterations in sleep-wake patterns such as increases in sleep fragmentation and sleep propensity. Here, we demonstrated that PR-domain containing protein 13 (Prdm13)+ neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) are activated during sleep deprivation (SD) in young mice but not in old mice. Chemogenetic inhibition of Prdm13+ neurons in the DMH in young mice promotes increase in sleep attempts during SD, suggesting its involvement in sleep control. Furthermore, DMH-specific Prdm13-knockout (DMH-Prdm13-KO) mice recapitulated age-associated sleep alterations such as sleep fragmentation and increased sleep attempts during SD. These phenotypes were further exacerbated during aging, with increased adiposity and decreased physical activity, resulting in shortened lifespan. Dietary restriction (DR), a well-known anti-aging intervention in diverse organisms, ameliorated age-associated sleep fragmentation and increased sleep attempts during SD, whereas these effects of DR were abrogated in DMH-Prdm13-KO mice. Moreover, overexpression of Prdm13 in the DMH ameliorated increased sleep attempts during SD in old mice. Therefore, maintaining Prdm13 signaling in the DMH might play an important role to control sleep-wake patterns during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Tsuji
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Cynthia S Brace
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ruiqing Yao
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tanie
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Tada
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Obu, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nicholas Rensing
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Julio Almunia
- Laboratory of Experimental Animals, NCGG, Obu, Japan
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahisa Furukawa
- Laboratories for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noboru Ogiso
- Laboratory of Experimental Animals, NCGG, Obu, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shin-Ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Gerontology, Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akiko Satoh
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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8
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Gozalo AS, Zerfas PM, Qin J, Alves DA, Akkaya M, Peña MY, Elkins WR. Contributions of Diet and Age to Ulcerative Dermatitis in Female C57BL/6J Mice. Comp Med 2023; 73:109-119. [PMID: 36882188 PMCID: PMC10162378 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
C57BL/6J (B6) mice are commonly affected by ulcerative dermatitis (UD), a disease of unknown etiology with poor response to treatment. To study the possible role of diet in UD, we compared skin changes in B6 female mice fed a high-fat diet with those of mice fed a control diet. In addition, skin samples from mice with no, mild, moderate, and severe clinical signs of UD were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mice fed a high-fat diet for 2 mo had more skin mast cell degranulation than did mice fed the control diet for the same period. Regardless of diet, older mice had more skin mast cells and more of these cells were degranulating as compared with younger mice. Microscopic changes in very early lesions were characterized by an increase in dermal mast cells and degranulation with focal areas of epidermal hyperplasia with or without hyperkeratosis. As the condition progressed, a mixed but predominantly neutrophilic inflammatory cell infiltrate appeared in the dermis, with or without epidermal erosion and scab formation. TEM showed that dermal mast cell membranes had disrupted and released of large number of electron dense granules, whereas degranulated mast cells were filled with isolated and coalescing empty spaces due to fusion of granule membranes. Ulceration appeared to occur very quickly, probably as result of intense scratching due to the pruritogenic properties of the histamine released from mast cell granules. This study showed a direct correlation between dietary fat and skin mast cell degranulation in female B6 mice. In addition, the number of skin mast cells and degranulation rates was higher in older mice. Treatments directed at preventing mast cell degranulation may result in better outcomes when applied early in UD cases. As noted previously in studies using caloric restriction, lower fat content in rodent diets may help prevent UD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso S Gozalo
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patricia M Zerfas
- Pathology Service, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jing Qin
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Derron A Alves
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Munir Akkaya
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesday, Maryland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mirna Y Peña
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesday, Maryland
| | - William R Elkins
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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9
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Targeting the "hallmarks of aging" to slow aging and treat age-related disease: fact or fiction? Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:242-255. [PMID: 35840801 PMCID: PMC9812785 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for a number of chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disorders. Aging processes have therefore been discussed as potential targets for the development of novel and broadly effective preventatives or therapeutics for age-related diseases, including those affecting the brain. Mechanisms thought to contribute to aging have been summarized under the term the "hallmarks of aging" and include a loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered nutrient sensing, telomere attrition, genomic instability, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, epigenetic alterations and altered intercellular communication. We here examine key claims about the "hallmarks of aging". Our analysis reveals important weaknesses that preclude strong and definitive conclusions concerning a possible role of these processes in shaping organismal aging rate. Significant ambiguity arises from the overreliance on lifespan as a proxy marker for aging, the use of models with unclear relevance for organismal aging, and the use of study designs that do not allow to properly estimate intervention effects on aging rate. We also discuss future research directions that should be taken to clarify if and to what extent putative aging regulators do in fact interact with aging. These include multidimensional analytical frameworks as well as designs that facilitate the proper assessment of intervention effects on aging rate.
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10
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Xie K, Fuchs H, Scifo E, Liu D, Aziz A, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Amarie OV, Becker L, da Silva-Buttkus P, Calzada-Wack J, Cho YL, Deng Y, Edwards AC, Garrett L, Georgopoulou C, Gerlini R, Hölter SM, Klein-Rodewald T, Kramer M, Leuchtenberger S, Lountzi D, Mayer-Kuckuk P, Nover LL, Oestereicher MA, Overkott C, Pearson BL, Rathkolb B, Rozman J, Russ J, Schaaf K, Spielmann N, Sanz-Moreno A, Stoeger C, Treise I, Bano D, Busch DH, Graw J, Klingenspor M, Klopstock T, Mock BA, Salomoni P, Schmidt-Weber C, Weiergräber M, Wolf E, Wurst W, Gailus-Durner V, Breteler MMB, Hrabě de Angelis M, Ehninger D. Deep phenotyping and lifetime trajectories reveal limited effects of longevity regulators on the aging process in C57BL/6J mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6830. [PMID: 36369285 PMCID: PMC9652467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current concepts regarding the biology of aging are primarily based on studies aimed at identifying factors regulating lifespan. However, lifespan as a sole proxy measure for aging can be of limited value because it may be restricted by specific pathologies. Here, we employ large-scale phenotyping to analyze hundreds of markers in aging male C57BL/6J mice. For each phenotype, we establish lifetime profiles to determine when age-dependent change is first detectable relative to the young adult baseline. We examine key lifespan regulators (putative anti-aging interventions; PAAIs) for a possible countering of aging. Importantly, unlike most previous studies, we include in our study design young treated groups of animals, subjected to PAAIs prior to the onset of detectable age-dependent phenotypic change. Many PAAI effects influence phenotypes long before the onset of detectable age-dependent change, but, importantly, do not alter the rate of phenotypic change. Hence, these PAAIs have limited effects on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Xie
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Enzo Scifo
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dan Liu
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ahmad Aziz
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juan Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oana Veronica Amarie
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patricia da Silva-Buttkus
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Calzada-Wack
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yi-Li Cho
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yushuang Deng
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Cole Edwards
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lillian Garrett
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christina Georgopoulou
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Raffaele Gerlini
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Klein-Rodewald
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Leuchtenberger
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dimitra Lountzi
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Phillip Mayer-Kuckuk
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lena L Nover
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuela A Oestereicher
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Overkott
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Brandon L Pearson
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 630W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Prumyslova 595, Vestec, 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Jenny Russ
- Nuclear Function Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristina Schaaf
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadine Spielmann
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adrián Sanz-Moreno
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Stoeger
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Irina Treise
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Bano
- Aging and Neurodegeneration Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Graw
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, 85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Beverly A Mock
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Paolo Salomoni
- Nuclear Function Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technische Universität München, and Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marco Weiergräber
- Research Group Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Chair of Developmental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences (SoLS), Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Valérie Gailus-Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences (SoLS), Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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11
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Ward JM, Vogel P, Sundberg JP. Brain and spinal cord lesions in 28 inbred strains of aging mice. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:1047-1055. [PMID: 36062914 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221120009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brain and spinal cord histopathology findings in male and female 20-month-old mice in a large-scale aging study of 28 inbred Jackson Laboratory mouse strains from 7 genetic families are described. Brain sections from selected strains at 12 and 24 months of age or older were also reviewed. Common lesions include axonal dystrophy in the gracile and/or cuneate nucleus in the sensory tract of the dorsal medulla and in the spinal cord in all strains. Hirano-like bodies were seen in 24/28 strains, and mineralization was observed in the thalamus of 9/28 strains. Less common lesions were also seen in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and other brain areas. No brain or spinal cord tumors were found. Evidence of an impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and/or suspected autophagy was manifested as medullary axonal dystrophy with intra-axonal granular eosinophilic bodies and LC3B immunohistochemistry in most strains. RIIIS/J, the most severely affected strain, showed moderate axonal dystrophy at 12 months, which progressed to severe lesions at 20 months. Comparative pathology in various species is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold M Ward
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME.,Global Vet Pathology, Montgomery Village, MD
| | - Peter Vogel
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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12
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Marney CB, Anderson ES, Baum R, Schmitt AM. A Unique Spectrum of Spontaneous Tumors in Dino Knockout Mice Identifies Tissue-Specific Requirements for Tumor Suppression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111818. [PMID: 35681513 PMCID: PMC9180304 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report that Dino, a lncRNA required for p53 signaling, suppresses spontaneous tumorigenesis in mice. Dino−/− mice develop significantly more malignant tumors than Dino+/+ littermate controls, consisting predominantly of sarcomas, B cell lymphomas and additional rare tumors. While the prevalence of lymphomas and sarcomas in Dino−/− mice is similar to that of mice with p53 loss, important distinctions emerged. p53-null mice predominantly develop T cell lymphomas; however, no spontaneous T cell lymphoma was observed in Dino−/− mice. Rather than being a phenocopy of the p53-null tumor spectrum, spontaneous tumors in Dino−/− mice resemble the spectrum of human cancers in which DINO is recurrently silenced by methylation in a manner that is mutually exclusive with TP53 alterations, suggesting that similar tissues in human and mouse require DINO for tumor suppression. Consistent with a tissue-specific role for Dino in tumor suppression, loss of Dino had no impact on the development of radiation-induced T cell lymphoma and oncogene-driven medulloblastoma, tumors that are accelerated by the loss of p53. Taken together, these data indicate that Dino serves as a potent tumor suppressor molecule specific to a select subset of tissues in mice and humans.
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13
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Perazza LR, Brown-Borg HM, Thompson LV. Physiological Systems in Promoting Frailty. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3575-3620. [PMID: 35578945 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a complex syndrome affecting a growing sector of the global population as medical developments have advanced human mortality rates across the world. Our current understanding of frailty is derived from studies conducted in the laboratory as well as the clinic, which have generated largely phenotypic information. Far fewer studies have uncovered biological underpinnings driving the onset and progression of frailty, but the stage is set to advance the field with preclinical and clinical assessment tools, multiomics approaches together with physiological and biochemical methodologies. In this article, we provide comprehensive coverage of topics regarding frailty assessment, preclinical models, interventions, and challenges as well as clinical frameworks and prevalence. We also identify central biological mechanisms that may be at play including mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, and oxidative stress that in turn, affect metabolism, stress responses, and endocrine and neuromuscular systems. We review the role of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and visceral obesity, focusing on glucose homeostasis, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) as critical players influencing the age-related loss of health. We further focus on how immunometabolic dysfunction associates with oxidative stress in promoting sarcopenia, a key contributor to slowness, weakness, and fatigue. We explore the biological mechanisms involved in stem cell exhaustion that affect regeneration and may contribute to the frailty-associated decline in resilience and adaptation to stress. Together, an overview of the interplay of aging biology with genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors that contribute to frailty, as well as potential therapeutic targets to lower risk and slow the progression of ongoing disease is covered. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:1-46, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís R Perazza
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Holly M Brown-Borg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - LaDora V Thompson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Goedeke L, Murt KN, Di Francesco A, Camporez JP, Nasiri AR, Wang Y, Zhang X, Cline GW, de Cabo R, Shulman GI. Sex- and strain-specific effects of mitochondrial uncoupling on age-related metabolic diseases in high-fat diet-fed mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13539. [PMID: 35088525 PMCID: PMC8844126 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation is an intrinsic property of all mitochondria and may have evolved to protect cells against the production of damaging reactive oxygen species. Therefore, compounds that enhance mitochondrial uncoupling are potentially attractive anti‐aging therapies; however, chronic ingestion is associated with a number of unwanted side effects. We have previously developed a controlled‐release mitochondrial protonophore (CRMP) that is functionally liver‐directed and promotes oxidation of hepatic triglycerides by causing a subtle sustained increase in hepatic mitochondrial inefficiency. Here, we sought to leverage the higher therapeutic index of CRMP to test whether mild mitochondrial uncoupling in a liver‐directed fashion could reduce oxidative damage and improve age‐related metabolic disease and lifespan in diet‐induced obese mice. Oral administration of CRMP (20 mg/[kg‐day] × 4 weeks) reduced hepatic lipid content, protein kinase C epsilon activation, and hepatic insulin resistance in aged (74‐week‐old) high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed C57BL/6J male mice, independently of changes in body weight, whole‐body energy expenditure, food intake, or markers of hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis. CRMP treatment was also associated with a significant reduction in hepatic lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and inflammation. Importantly, long‐term (49 weeks) hepatic mitochondrial uncoupling initiated late in life (94–104 weeks), in conjugation with HFD feeding, protected mice against neoplastic disorders, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in a strain and sex‐specific manner. Taken together, these studies illustrate the complex variation of aging and provide important proof‐of‐concept data to support further studies investigating the use of liver‐directed mitochondrial uncouplers to promote healthy aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Goedeke
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Kelsey N. Murt
- Translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Andrea Di Francesco
- Translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - João Paulo Camporez
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Physiology Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine University of Sao Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ali R. Nasiri
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Yongliang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Xian‐Man Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Gary W. Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Gerald I. Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
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15
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Cooper TK, Meyerholz DK, Beck AP, Delaney MA, Piersigilli A, Southard TL, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Conditions and Pathology of Laboratory Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Naked Mole Rats, and Rabbits. ILAR J 2022; 62:77-132. [PMID: 34979559 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals are valuable resources in biomedical research in investigations of biological processes, disease pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, safety, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Interpretation of data from animals requires knowledge not only of the processes or diseases (pathophysiology) under study but also recognition of spontaneous conditions and background lesions (pathology) that can influence or confound the study results. Species, strain/stock, sex, age, anatomy, physiology, spontaneous diseases (noninfectious and infectious), and neoplasia impact experimental results and interpretation as well as animal welfare. This review and the references selected aim to provide a pathology resource for researchers, pathologists, and veterinary personnel who strive to achieve research rigor and validity and must understand the spectrum of "normal" and expected conditions to accurately identify research-relevant experimental phenotypes as well as unusual illness, pathology, or other conditions that can compromise studies involving laboratory mice, rats, gerbils, guinea pigs, hamsters, naked mole rats, and rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology and the Genetically Modified Animal Phenotyping Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Teresa L Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Evaluating the beneficial effects of dietary restrictions: A framework for precision nutrigeroscience. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2142-2173. [PMID: 34555343 PMCID: PMC8845500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) has long been viewed as the most robust nongenetic means to extend lifespan and healthspan. Many aging-associated mechanisms are nutrient responsive, but despite the ubiquitous functions of these pathways, the benefits of DR often vary among individuals and even among tissues within an individual, challenging the aging research field. Furthermore, it is often assumed that lifespan interventions like DR will also extend healthspan, which is thus often ignored in aging studies. In this review, we provide an overview of DR as an intervention and discuss the mechanisms by which it affects lifespan and various healthspan measures. We also review studies that demonstrate exceptions to the standing paradigm of DR being beneficial, thus raising new questions that future studies must address. We detail critical factors for the proposed field of precision nutrigeroscience, which would utilize individualized treatments and predict outcomes using biomarkers based on genotype, sex, tissue, and age.
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17
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Wolf AM. The tumor suppression theory of aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111583. [PMID: 34637937 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite continued increases in human life expectancy, the factors determining the rate of human biological aging remain unknown. Without understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying aging, efforts to prevent aging are unlikely to succeed. The tumor suppression theory of aging introduced here proposes somatic mutation as the proximal cause of aging, but postulates that oncogenic transformation and clonal expansion, not functional impairment, are the relevant consequences of somatic mutation. Obesity and caloric restriction accelerate and decelerate aging due to their effect on cell proliferation, during which most mutations arise. Most phenotypes of aging are merely tumor-suppressive mechanisms that evolved to limit malignant growth, the dominant age-related cause of death in early and middle life. Cancer limits life span for most long-lived mammals, a phenomenon known as Peto's paradox. Its conservation across species demonstrates that mutation is a fundamental but hard limit on mammalian longevity. Cell senescence and apoptosis and differentiation induced by oncogenes, telomere shortening or DNA damage evolved as a second line of defense to limit the tumorigenic potential of clonally expanding cells, but accumulating senescent cells, senescence-associated secretory phenotypes and stem cell exhaustion eventually cause tissue dysfunction and the majority, if not most, phenotypes of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Wolf
- Laboratory for Morphological and Biomolecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi 1-1-5, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Saha J, Bae J, Wang SY, Lu H, Chappell LJ, Gopal P, Davis AJ. Ablating putative Ku70 phosphorylation sites results in defective DNA damage repair and spontaneous induction of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:9836-9850. [PMID: 34428289 PMCID: PMC8464062 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple pathways mediate the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), with numerous mechanisms responsible for driving choice between the pathways. Previously, we reported that mutating five putative phosphorylation sites on the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) factor, Ku70, results in sustained retention of human Ku70/80 at DSB ends and attenuation of DSB repair via homologous recombination (HR). In this study, we generated a knock-in mouse, in which the three conserved putative phosphorylation sites of Ku70 were mutated to alanine to ablate potential phosphorylation (Ku703A/3A), in order to examine if disrupting DSB repair pathway choice by modulating Ku70/80 dynamics at DSB ends results in enhanced genomic instability and tumorigenesis. The Ku703A/3A mice developed spontaneous and have accelerated chemical-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to wild-type (Ku70+/+) littermates. The HCC tumors from the Ku703A/3A mice have increased γH2AX and 8-oxo-G staining, suggesting decreased DNA repair. Spontaneous transformed cell lines from Ku703A/3A mice are more radiosensitive, have a significant decrease in DNA end resection, and are more sensitive to the DNA cross-linking agent mitomycin C compared to cells from Ku70+/+ littermates. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that mutating the putative Ku70 phosphorylation sites results in defective DNA damage repair and disruption of this process drives genomic instability and accelerated development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janapriya Saha
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jinsung Bae
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shih-Ya Wang
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Huiming Lu
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Purva Gopal
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anthony J Davis
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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19
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Porcher L, Bruckmeier S, Burbano SD, Finnell JE, Gorny N, Klett J, Wood SK, Kelly MP. Aging triggers an upregulation of a multitude of cytokines in the male and especially the female rodent hippocampus but more discrete changes in other brain regions. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:219. [PMID: 34551810 PMCID: PMC8459490 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite widespread acceptance that neuroinflammation contributes to age-related cognitive decline, studies comparing protein expression of cytokines in the young versus old brains are surprisingly limited in terms of the number of cytokines and brain regions studied. Complicating matters, discrepancies abound-particularly for interleukin 6 (IL-6)-possibly due to differences in sex, species/strain, and/or the brain regions studied. METHODS As such, we clarified how cytokine expression changes with age by using a Bioplex and Western blot to measure multiple cytokines across several brain regions of both sexes, using 2 mouse strains bred in-house as well as rats obtained from NIA. Parametric and nonparametric statistical tests were used as appropriate. RESULTS In the ventral hippocampus of C57BL/6J mice, we found age-related increases in IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17, eotaxin, G-CSF, interfeuron δ, KC, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, rantes, and TNFα that are generally more pronounced in females, but no age-related change in IL-5, MCP-1, or GM-CSF. We also find aging is uniquely associated with the emergence of a module (a.k.a. network) of 11 strongly intercorrelated cytokines, as well as an age-related shift from glycosylated to unglycosylated isoforms of IL-10 and IL-1β in the ventral hippocampus. Interestingly, age-related increases in extra-hippocampal cytokine expression are more discreet, with the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and cerebellum of male and female C57BL/6J mice demonstrating robust age-related increase in IL-6 expression but not IL-1β. Importantly, we found this widespread age-related increase in IL-6 also occurs in BALB/cJ mice and Brown Norway rats, demonstrating conservation across species and rearing environments. CONCLUSIONS Thus, age-related increases in cytokines are more pronounced in the hippocampus compared to other brain regions and can be more pronounced in females versus males depending on the brain region, genetic background, and cytokine examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latarsha Porcher
- Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Sophie Bruckmeier
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSFII Rm 216, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Steven D Burbano
- Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Julie E Finnell
- Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Nicole Gorny
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSFII Rm 216, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jennifer Klett
- Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Susan K Wood
- Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Michy P Kelly
- Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA. .,Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSFII Rm 216, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Center for Research on Aging, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSFII Rm 216, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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20
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Wu KC, Cain G, Corpuz J, Xu D, Ljumanovic N, Zarrin AA. Tpl2 kinase regulates inflammation but not tumorigenesis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 418:115494. [PMID: 33722668 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2, gene name MAP3K8), a mitogen-activated protein kinase, is widely expressed in immune and non-immune cells to integrate tumor necrosis factor (TNF), toll-like receptors (TLRs), and interleukin-1 (IL1) receptor signaling to regulate inflammatory response. Given its central role in inflammatory response, Tpl2 is an attractive small molecule drug target. However, the role of Tpl2 as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene remains controversial, and its function outside immune cells is not understood. We therefore utilized a Tpl2 kinase dead (Tpl2-KD) mouse model in an 18-month aging study to further elucidate Tpl2 effects on lifespan and chronic disease. Histopathological studies revealed the incidence and severity of spontaneous tumors and non-neoplastic lesions were comparable between wild type and Tpl2-KD mice. The only finding was that male Tpl2-KD mice had higher bodyweight and an increased incidence of liver steatosis, suggesting a sex-specific role for Tpl2 in hepatic lipid metabolism. In conclusion, loss of Tpl2 kinase activity did not lead to increased tumorigenesis over aging in mice but affected likely alterations in lipid metabolism in male animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Connie Wu
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Gary Cain
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Janice Corpuz
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Daqi Xu
- Immunology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nina Ljumanovic
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ali A Zarrin
- Immunology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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21
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22
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Schmidt K, Sack U, Graf R, Winkler W, Popp O, Mertins P, Sommermann T, Kocks C, Rajewsky K. B-Cell-Specific Myd88 L252P Expression Causes a Premalignant Gammopathy Resembling IgM MGUS. Front Immunol 2020; 11:602868. [PMID: 33343574 PMCID: PMC7747680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.602868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly recurrent somatic L265P mutation in the TIR domain of the signaling adapter MYD88 constitutively activates NF-κB. It occurs in nearly all human patients with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM), a B cell malignancy caused by IgM-expressing cells. Here, we introduced an inducible leucine to proline point mutation into the mouse Myd88 locus, at the orthologous position L252P. When the mutation was introduced early during B cell development, B cells developed normally. However, IgM-expressing plasma cells accumulated with age in spleen and bone, leading to more than 20-fold elevated serum IgM titers. When introduced into germinal center B cells in the context of an immunization, the Myd88L252P mutation caused prolonged persistence of antigen-specific serum IgM and elevated numbers of antigen-specific IgM plasma cells. Myd88L252P-expressing B cells switched normally, but plasma cells expressing other immunoglobulin isotypes did not increase in numbers, implying that IgM expression may be required for the observed cellular expansion. In order to test whether the Myd88L252P mutation can cause clonal expansions, we introduced it into a small fraction of CD19-positive B cells. In this scenario, five out of five mice developed monoclonal IgM serum paraproteins accompanied by an expansion of clonally related plasma cells that expressed mostly hypermutated VDJ regions. Taken together, our data suggest that the Myd88L252P mutation is sufficient to promote aberrant survival and expansion of IgM-expressing plasma cells which in turn can cause IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), the premalignant condition that precedes WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schmidt
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Sack
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin Graf
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wiebke Winkler
- Biology of Malignant Lymphomas, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Proteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Proteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Sommermann
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Kocks
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Transgenics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Ferla R, Alliegro M, Dell'Anno M, Nusco E, Cullen JM, Smith SN, Wolfsberg TG, O'Donnell P, Wang P, Nguyen AD, Chandler RJ, Chen Z, Burgess SM, Vite CH, Haskins ME, Venditti CP, Auricchio A. Low incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice and cats treated with systemic adeno-associated viral vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 20:247-257. [PMID: 33473358 PMCID: PMC7803627 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have emerged as the preferred platform for in vivo gene transfer because of their combined efficacy and safety. However, insertional mutagenesis with the subsequent development of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) has been recurrently noted in newborn mice treated with high doses of AAV, and more recently, the association of wild-type AAV integrations in a subset of human HCCs has been documented. Here, we address, in a comprehensive, prospective study, the long-term risk of tumorigenicity in young adult mice following delivery of single-stranded AAVs targeting liver. HCC incidence in mice treated with therapeutic and reporter AAVs was low, in contrast to what has been previously documented in mice treated as newborns with higher doses of AAV. Specifically, HCCs developed in 6 out 76 of AAV-treated mice, and a pathogenic integration of AAV was found in only one tumor. Also, no evidence of liver tumorigenesis was found in juvenile AAV-treated mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) cats followed as long as 8 years after vector administration. Together, our results support the low risk of tumorigenesis associated with AAV-mediated gene transfer targeting juvenile/young adult livers, although constant monitoring of subjects enrolled in AAV clinical trial is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ferla
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Alliegro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Dell'Anno
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Nusco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - John M Cullen
- North Carolina College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Stephanie N Smith
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tyra G Wolfsberg
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia O'Donnell
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anh-Dao Nguyen
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Randy J Chandler
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zelin Chen
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Charles H Vite
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark E Haskins
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Alberto Auricchio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Advanced Biomedicine, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy
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24
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Chanut FJA, Sanvito F, Ferrari G, Visigalli I, Carriglio N, Hernandez RJ, Norata R, Doglioni C, Naldini L, Cristofori P. Conditioning Regimens in Long-Term Pre-Clinical Studies to Support Development of Ex Vivo Gene Therapy: Review of Nonproliferative and Proliferative Changes. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 32:66-76. [PMID: 32883113 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy has become a successful therapeutic strategy for some inherited genetic disorders. Pre-clinical toxicity studies performed to support the human clinical trials using viral-mediated gene transfer and autologous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation are complex and the use of mouse models of human diseases makes interpretation of the results challenging. In addition, they rely on the use of conditioning agents that must induce enough myeloablation to allow engraftment of transduced and transplanted HSPC. Busulfan and total body irradiation (TBI) are the most commonly used conditioning regimens in the mouse. Lenticular degeneration and atrophy of reproductive organs are expected histopathological changes. Proliferative and nonproliferative lesions can be observed with different incidence and distribution across strains and mouse models of diseases. The occurrence of these lesions can interfere with the interpretation of pre-clinical toxicity and tumorigenicity studies performed to support the human clinical studies. As such, it is important to be aware of the background incidence of lesions induced by different conditioning regimens. We review the histopathology results from seven long-term studies, five using TBI and two using busulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck J A Chanut
- Formerly GSK David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, United Kingdom, Currently SANOFI, Alfortville, France
| | - Francesca Sanvito
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ferrari
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Ilaria Visigalli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Carriglio
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raisa Jofra Hernandez
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Norata
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Pathology Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Patrizia Cristofori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,GSK David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, United Kingdom
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25
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Weber K, Debraise N, Franklin J, Kellert M, Krueger N, Nolde J, Schuster TB, Sergent JA, Szabo D. Letter Regarding "Chronic Oral Exposure to Synthetic Amorphous Silica (NM-200) Results in Renal and Liver Lesions in Mice". Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:550-554. [PMID: 32274462 PMCID: PMC7136331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Weber
- AnaPath GmbH, Pathology, Oberbuchsiten, Switzerland
| | - Nora Debraise
- Association of Synthetic Amorphous Silica Producers (ASASP), a sector group of Cefic, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Nils Krueger
- Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | | | | | - Jacques-Aurélien Sergent
- Health, Safety and Environment/Toxicological and Environmental Risk Assessment, Solvay, Neder Over Heembeek, Belgium
| | - David Szabo
- Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, Monroeville, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Feige-Diller J, Krakenberg V, Bierbaum L, Seifert L, Palme R, Kaiser S, Sachser N, Richter SH. The Effects of Different Feeding Routines on Welfare in Laboratory Mice. Front Vet Sci 2020; 6:479. [PMID: 31993444 PMCID: PMC6971109 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The accepted norm in most laboratories around the globe is feeding laboratory mice an ad libitum diet, although several health impairments are well-established. In contrast, reducing the animals' body weight by feeding them less food once per day (referred to as 24 h schedule) has been shown to enhance life span and reduce disease susceptibility. Against this background, this study aimed at systematically investigating the effects of different feeding routines. Therefore, three feeding routines were compared to the standard ad libitum feeding and effects on body weight development and welfare were investigated in male C57BL/6J mice. In particular, a 24 h schedule group, an AUTO group, characterized by an automated supply of small pieces of food all over the day, and a 4 h removal group, characterized by daily removal of food for 4 h, were studied. While the removal of food for 4 h per day did not lead to a reduction of body weight, and hence is unlikely to prevent negative effects of overfeeding, both the 24 h schedule group and the AUTO group led to the aspired body weight reduction. In the AUTO group, however, higher levels of corticosterone metabolites and stereotypies were observed, implying a rather negative impact on welfare. By contrast, no distinct negative effects of a 24 h schedule were found. Studies like this underline the general need for evidence-based severity assessments of any procedure involving living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Feige-Diller
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG Research Training Group EvoPAD, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Louisa Bierbaum
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Leonie Seifert
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Kaiser
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Norbert Sachser
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG Research Training Group EvoPAD, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S. Helene Richter
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG Research Training Group EvoPAD, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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27
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Kimmel JC, Penland L, Rubinstein ND, Hendrickson DG, Kelley DR, Rosenthal AZ. Murine single-cell RNA-seq reveals cell-identity- and tissue-specific trajectories of aging. Genome Res 2019; 29:2088-2103. [PMID: 31754020 PMCID: PMC6886498 DOI: 10.1101/gr.253880.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a pleiotropic process affecting many aspects of mammalian physiology. Mammals are composed of distinct cell type identities and tissue environments, but the influence of these cell identities and environments on the trajectory of aging in individual cells remains unclear. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-seq on >50,000 individual cells across three tissues in young and old mice to allow for direct comparison of aging phenotypes across cell types. We found transcriptional features of aging common across many cell types, as well as features of aging unique to each type. Leveraging matrix factorization and optimal transport methods, we found that both cell identities and tissue environments exert influence on the trajectory and magnitude of aging, with cell identity influence predominating. These results suggest that aging manifests with unique directionality and magnitude across the diverse cell identities in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Kimmel
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Lolita Penland
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | | | | | - David R Kelley
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Adam Z Rosenthal
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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28
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Nagarajan P, Agudelo Garcia PA, Iyer CC, Popova LV, Arnold WD, Parthun MR. Early-onset aging and mitochondrial defects associated with loss of histone acetyltransferase 1 (Hat1). Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12992. [PMID: 31290578 PMCID: PMC6718594 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferase 1 (Hat1) is responsible for the acetylation of newly synthesized histone H4 on lysines 5 and 12 during the process of chromatin assembly. To understand the broader biological role of Hat1, we have generated a conditional mouse knockout model of this enzyme. We previously reported that Hat1 is required for viability and important for mammalian development and genome stability. In this study, we show that haploinsufficiency of Hat1 results in a significant decrease in lifespan. Defects observed in Hat1+/− mice are consistent with an early‐onset aging phenotype. These include lordokyphosis (hunchback), muscle atrophy, minor growth retardation, reduced subcutaneous fat, cancer, and paralysis. In addition, the expression of Hat1 is linked to the normal aging process as Hat1 mRNA and protein becomes undetectable in many tissues in old mice. At the cellular level, fibroblasts from Hat1 haploinsufficient embryos undergo early senescence and accumulate high levels of p21. Hat1+/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) display modest increases in endogenous DNA damage but have significantly higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consistently, further studies show that Hat1−/− MEFs exhibit mitochondrial defects suggesting a critical role for Hat1 in mitochondrial function. Taken together, these data show that loss of Hat1 induces multiple hallmarks of early‐onset aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabakaran Nagarajan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | - Paula A. Agudelo Garcia
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | - Chitra C. Iyer
- Department of Neurology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | - Liudmila V. Popova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | | | - Mark R. Parthun
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
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29
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Ehrhardt N, Cui J, Dagdeviren S, Saengnipanthkul S, Goodridge HS, Kim JK, Lantier L, Guo X, Chen YDI, Raffel LJ, Buchanan TA, Hsueh WA, Rotter JI, Goodarzi MO, Péterfy M. Adiposity-Independent Effects of Aging on Insulin Sensitivity and Clearance in Mice and Humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:434-443. [PMID: 30801985 PMCID: PMC6474357 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aging is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes. However, it remains unclear whether aging-associated insulin resistance is due to increased adiposity or other age-related factors. To address this question, the impact of aging on insulin sensitivity was investigated independently of changes in body composition. METHODS Cohorts of mice aged 4 to 8 months ("young") and 18 to 27 months ("aged") exhibiting similar body composition were characterized for glucose metabolism on chow and high-fat diets. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp analyses. The relationship between aging and insulin resistance in humans was investigated in 1,250 nondiabetic Mexican Americans who underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. RESULTS In mice with similar body composition, age had no detrimental effect on plasma glucose and insulin levels. While aging did not diminish glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps demonstrated impaired insulin sensitivity and reduced insulin clearance in aged mice on chow and high-fat diets. Consistent with results in the mouse, age remained an independent determinant of insulin resistance after adjustment for body composition in Mexican American males. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that in addition to altered body composition, adiposity-independent mechanisms also contribute to aging-associated insulin resistance in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ehrhardt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Jinrui Cui
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sezin Dagdeviren
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Suchaorn Saengnipanthkul
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Helen S. Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jason K. Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Yii-Der I. Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Leslie J. Raffel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Thomas A. Buchanan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Willa A. Hsueh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding authors: Mark O. Goodarzi () and Miklós Péterfy () Tel: +1 909 706 3949
| | - Miklós Péterfy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding authors: Mark O. Goodarzi () and Miklós Péterfy () Tel: +1 909 706 3949
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30
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De Biase D, Esposito F, De Martino M, Pirozzi C, Luciano A, Palma G, Raso GM, Iovane V, Marzocco S, Fusco A, Paciello O. Characterization of inflammatory infiltrate of ulcerative dermatitis in C57BL/6NCrl-Tg(HMGA1P6)1Pg mice. Lab Anim 2018; 53:447-458. [PMID: 30522404 DOI: 10.1177/0023677218815718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative dermatitis (UD) is an idiopathic, spontaneous and progressive disease typically affecting C57BL/6 aged mice with an unknown aetiopathogenesis. For this study, we evaluated 25 cases of UD in C57BL/6NCrl-Tg(HMGA1P6)1Pg mice. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin samples were submitted to morphological investigations. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to characterize and quantify inflammatory cells using CD3, CD45/B220, CD4, CD8 and IL-17 antibodies. Mast cell-bound IgE was investigated by immunofluorescence, whereas serum and cryopreserved skin samples were collected for molecular analysis. Student's t-test (two-tailed) was performed to assess significant differences between the two groups. Affected skin showed extensive areas of ulceration and diffuse, severe and mixed inflammatory infiltrates. No relevant changes were observed in control mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a predominant CD3 + CD4 + leukocyte population with fewer CD45/B220 and IL-17 immunolabelled cells and mast cell-bound IgE. Increases in TNFα, IL-1β and Il-6 mRNA expression were observed in the skin of affected animals compared to controls. Serum TNFα and IL-6 did not vary between affected and control mice. Inflammatory infiltrates and cytokine expression were consistent with both Th2/IgE and Th17 differentiation, a typical pattern of a type I hypersensitivity reaction. Overall, our data suggest an allergic-based aetiopathogenesis of UD in C57BL/6NCrl-Tg(HMGA1P6)1Pg mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide De Biase
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Francesco Esposito
- CNR - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Marco De Martino
- CNR - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Antonio Luciano
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alfredo Fusco
- CNR - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
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31
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Song R, Sarnoski EA, Acar M. The Systems Biology of Single-Cell Aging. iScience 2018; 7:154-169. [PMID: 30267677 PMCID: PMC6153419 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality, but efforts to slow or reverse its effects are hampered by an incomplete understanding of its multi-faceted origins. Systems biology, the use of quantitative and computational methods to understand complex biological systems, offers a toolkit well suited to elucidating the root cause of aging. We describe the known components of the aging network and outline innovative techniques that open new avenues of investigation to the aging research community. We propose integration of the systems biology and aging fields, identifying areas of complementarity based on existing and impending technological capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Song
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, 300 George Street, Suite 501, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Ethan A Sarnoski
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Murat Acar
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, 300 George Street, Suite 501, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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32
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Combined mineral-supplemented diet and exercise increases bone mass and strength after eight weeks and maintains increases after eight weeks detraining in adult mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204470. [PMID: 30240447 PMCID: PMC6150513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has long-lasting benefits to bone mass and structural strength even after cessation. Combining exercise with a calcium- and phosphorus-supplemented diet increases cortical bone mineral content (BMC), area, and yield force more than exercise alone in adult mice. These increases could also be maintained after stopping exercise if the modified diet is maintained. It was hypothesized that combining exercise with a mineral-supplemented diet would lead to greater cortical BMC, area, and yield force immediately after a lengthy exercise program and after an equally long period of non-exercise (detraining) in adult mice. Male, 16-week old C57Bl/6 mice were assigned to 9 weight-matched groups–a baseline group, exercise and non-exercise groups fed a control or mineral-supplemented diet for 8 weeks, exercise + detraining and non-exercise groups fed a control or mineral-supplemented diet for 16 weeks. Exercise + detraining consisted of 8 weeks of exercise followed by 8 weeks without exercise. The daily exercise program consisted of running on a treadmill at 12 m/min, 30 min/day. After 8 weeks, mice fed the supplemented diet had greater tibial cortical BMC and area, trabecular bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), bone mineral density (vBMD), yield force, and ultimate force than mice fed the control diet. Exercise increased cortical BMC and area only when coupled with the supplemented diet. After 16 weeks, both exercised and non-exercised mice fed the supplemented diet maintained greater tibial cortical BMC and area, trabecular BV/TV, vBMD, yield force, and ultimate force than mice fed the control diet. Combining exercise with a mineral-supplemented diet leads to greater bone mass and structural strength than exercise alone. These benefits remain after an equally long period of detraining. Long-term use of dietary mineral supplements may help increase and maintain bone mass with aging in adult mice.
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Inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis reverses skin inflammation and hair loss in ApoE-/- mice fed western diet. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11463. [PMID: 30061606 PMCID: PMC6065400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids have been accorded numerous biological functions however, the effects of feeding a western diet (diet rich in cholesterol and fat) on skin phenotypes, and color is not known. Here, we observed that chronic high-fat and high-cholesterol diet intake in a mouse model of atherosclerosis (ApoE-/-) decreases the level of ceramides and glucosylceramide. At the expense of increased levels of lactosylceramide due to an increase in the expression of lactosylceramide synthase (GalT-V). This is accompanied with neutrophil infiltration into dermis, and enrichment of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) protein. This causes skin inflammation, hair discoloration and loss, in ApoE-/- mice. Conversely, inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis, by D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (D-PDMP), unbound or encapsulated in a biodegradable polymer (BPD) reversed these phenotypes. Thus, inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis represents a unique therapeutic approach relevant to human skin and hair Biology.
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34
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Chen K, Jih A, Osborn O, Kavaler ST, Fu W, Sasik R, Saito R, Kim JJ. Distinct gene signatures predict insulin resistance in young mice with high fat diet-induced obesity. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:144-157. [PMID: 29341863 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00045.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly inbred C57BL/6 mice show wide variation in their degree of insulin resistance in response to diet-induced obesity even though they are almost genetically identical. Here we employed transcriptional profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver in young mice to determine how gene expression patterns correlate with the later development of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance in adulthood. To accomplish this goal, we partially removed and banked tissues from pubertal mice. Mice subsequently received HFD followed by metabolic phenotyping to identify two well-defined groups of mice with either severe or mild insulin resistance. The remaining tissues were collected at study termination. We then applied RNA-Seq to generate transcriptome profiles associated with worsened insulin resistance before and after the initiation of HFD. We found 244 up- and 109 downregulated genes in VAT of the most insulin-resistant mice even before HFD exposure. Downregulated genes included serine protease inhibitor, major urinary protein, and complement genes; upregulated genes represented mostly muscle constituents. These gene families were also differentially expressed in VAT of mice with high or low insulin resistance after HFD. Inflammatory genes predicted insulin resistance in liver, but not in VAT. In contrast, when we compared VAT of all mice before and after HFD, differentially expressed genes were predominantly composed of immune response genes. These data show a distinct set of gene transcripts in young mice correlates with the severity of insulin resistance in adulthood, providing insight into the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Alice Jih
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Sarah T Kavaler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Roman Sasik
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Rintaro Saito
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Jane J Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California.,Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego , San Diego, California
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35
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Nakagawa T, Ohnishi K, Kosaki Y, Saito Y, Horlad H, Fujiwara Y, Takeya M, Komohara Y. Optimum immunohistochemical procedures for analysis of macrophages in human and mouse formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. J Clin Exp Hematop 2017; 57:31-36. [PMID: 28679964 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.17017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are closely related to various diseases and it is therefore important that the properties of macrophages are adequately evaluated in human diseases and mouse disease models. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples is a very useful tool for examination of macrophages; however, an adequate IHC protocol is required for the examination of macrophage states. In this study, we assessed various antigen retrieval methods in order to devise the optimal protocols for staining of macrophages with a range of antibodies. Optimum combinations of primary antibodies and antigen retrieval protocols were determined; for example, heat treatment with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid solution, pH 8.0, was the best procedure for IHC using mouse anti-Iba1 and human anti-CD11b, -CD163, -CD169, -CD204, and -CD206 antibodies. Moreover, we found that the immunoreactivity of sliced tissue sections decreased gradually over time in long term storage but that this immunoreactivity was preserved in storage at -80 °C in a deep freezer. The optimal IHC protocols and storage procedures that were determined in this study should be a useful tool for macrophage research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenobu Nakagawa
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Koji Ohnishi
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yui Kosaki
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yoichi Saito
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hasita Horlad
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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36
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Xie K, Neff F, Markert A, Rozman J, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Amarie OV, Becker L, Brommage R, Garrett L, Henzel KS, Hölter SM, Janik D, Lehmann I, Moreth K, Pearson BL, Racz I, Rathkolb B, Ryan DP, Schröder S, Treise I, Bekeredjian R, Busch DH, Graw J, Ehninger G, Klingenspor M, Klopstock T, Ollert M, Sandholzer M, Schmidt-Weber C, Weiergräber M, Wolf E, Wurst W, Zimmer A, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Hrabě de Angelis M, Ehninger D. Every-other-day feeding extends lifespan but fails to delay many symptoms of aging in mice. Nat Commun 2017; 8:155. [PMID: 28761067 PMCID: PMC5537224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction regimes extend lifespan in various animal models. Here we show that longevity in male C57BL/6J mice subjected to every-other-day feeding is associated with a delayed onset of neoplastic disease that naturally limits lifespan in these animals. We compare more than 200 phenotypes in over 20 tissues in aged animals fed with a lifelong every-other-day feeding or ad libitum access to food diet to determine whether molecular, cellular, physiological and histopathological aging features develop more slowly in every-other-day feeding mice than in controls. We also analyze the effects of every-other-day feeding on young mice on shorter-term every-other-day feeding or ad libitum to account for possible aging-independent restriction effects. Our large-scale analysis reveals overall only limited evidence for a retardation of the aging rate in every-other-day feeding mice. The data indicate that every-other-day feeding-induced longevity is sufficiently explained by delays in life-limiting neoplastic disorders and is not associated with a more general slowing of the aging process in mice. Dietary restriction can extend the life of various model organisms. Here, Xie et al. show that intermittent periods of fasting achieved through every-other-day feeding protect mice against neoplastic disease but do not broadly delay organismal aging in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Xie
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frauke Neff
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Astrid Markert
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juan Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oana Veronica Amarie
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Brommage
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lillian Garrett
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristin S Henzel
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Janik
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Lehmann
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristin Moreth
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Brandon L Pearson
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ildiko Racz
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor Lynen-Straße 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Devon P Ryan
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Schröder
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Irina Treise
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Trogerstraße 30, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Raffi Bekeredjian
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Trogerstraße 30, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Graw
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Ehninger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 2, 85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstraße 1a, 80336, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Schillerstraße 44, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael Sandholzer
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technische Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802, Munich, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Marco Weiergräber
- Research Group Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor Lynen-Straße 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Schillerstraße 44, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336, Munich, Germany.,Chair of Developmental Genetics, Technische Universität München, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
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Nishio N, Hasegawa T, Tatsuno I, Isaka M, Isobe KI. Female GADD34 mice develop age-related inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017. [PMID: 28635009 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the impact of sex on GADD34 function, we studied the aging of female GADD34-deficient mice and compared them with male GADD34-deficient mice. METHODS We used GADD34-deficient mice on a C57BL/6 background. These mice were fed a normal diet throughout their life. Alternatively, they were fed a high-fat diet at 3 months-of-age. Liver tissues taken from mice were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical methods. Fresh liver cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that female GADD34-deficient mice did not develop obesity or fatty livers. However, female GADD34-deficient mice had infiltrations of myeloid cells in the liver, followed by liver atrophy. Many female GADD34-deficient mice developed hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas female wild-type (WT) mice did not show hepatocellular carcinoma during aging. Female GADD34-deficient mice and female WT mice developed the same percentages of lymphoma. Although a high-fat diet induced a higher level of steatosis in young male GADD34-deficient mice compared with WT mice, a high-fat diet induced the same level of steatosis in young female GADD34-deficient mice compared with WT mice. However, GADD34-deficient female young mice had a higher level of infiltration of myeloid cells and myofibroblasts than WT mice. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to male GADD34-deficient mice, female GADD34-deficient mice did not show obesity as they aged. However, similar to the males, they developed inflammation followed by hepatocellular carcinoma. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2593-2601.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Nishio
- Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Woman's University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadao Hasegawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tatsuno
- Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanori Isaka
- Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Isobe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Woman's University, Nagoya, Japan
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38
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Ward JM, Youssef SA, Treuting PM. Why Animals Die: An Introduction to the Pathology of Aging. Vet Pathol 2017; 53:229-32. [PMID: 26936750 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815612151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Ward
- Global VetPathology, Montgomery Village, MD, USA
| | - S A Youssef
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P M Treuting
- School of Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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39
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Iverson W, Straley E, Oldham S, Rojko J, Turman S, Wang Y. A lifetime aging study of human CD19 transgenic mice. Transgenic Res 2017; 26:363-373. [PMID: 28243835 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-017-0010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mice transgenic for human CD19 have been an important animal model to help understand the role of this molecule in B lymphocyte function. Previously, no lifetime studies had been performed to understand the effects of this CD19 over expression on the survival or spontaneous pathology within the C57BL/6J background strain. We conducted a lifetime study with interim sacrifices to understand the transgenic effects on clinical signs, body weight, survival, and spontaneous pathology. Blood and urine samples were collected from select animals at various time points during the study for measurement of clinical pathology parameters and groups of animals were euthanized and examined at predetermined intervals. There was fair survival with some animals living to 108 weeks of age. Clinical pathology evaluations revealed a declining red cell mass with a regenerative anemia, increasing total white blood cell counts and decreasing glucose level. Total protein, albumin, and globulin levels increased to 52 weeks of age and then declined to or below baseline with advancing age. Increased urinary microalbumin levels correlated with the severity of a glomerulopathy at 76 and 84 weeks of age. Mean body weight increased through 70 weeks and then declined to weights similar to week 28 at 108 weeks. Macroscopic observations included pale kidneys, enlarged seminal vesicles, and enlarged spleens (at 108 weeks of age). The most common neoplasms in this study were bronchiolar alveolar adenomas in the lung, histiocytic sarcoma in several different tissues, and hepatocellular adenomas. The most common non-neoplastic lesions were renal glomerulopathy, and pulmonary lymphocytic infiltrates with increased numbers of alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Iverson
- MedImmune, LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
| | - E Straley
- MedImmune, LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - S Oldham
- MedImmune, LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - J Rojko
- MedImmune, LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
- Charles River Laboratories (CRL), Inc., 15 Worman's Mill Court, Suite I, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - S Turman
- MedImmune, LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Y Wang
- MedImmune, LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
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Carriglio N, Klapwijk J, Hernandez RJ, Vezzoli M, Chanut F, Lowe R, Draghici E, Nord M, Albertini P, Cristofori P, Richards J, Staton H, Appleby J, Aiuti A, Sauer AV. Good Laboratory Practice Preclinical Safety Studies for GSK2696273 (MLV Vector-Based Ex Vivo Gene Therapy for Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) in NSG Mice. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2017; 28:17-27. [DOI: 10.1089/humc.2016.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Carriglio
- Pathogenesis and Therapy of Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- GLP SR-TIGET Test Facility, Ospedale San Rafaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan Klapwijk
- GlaxoSmithKline, In Vitro In Vivo Translation, Ware, United Kingdom
| | - Raisa Jofra Hernandez
- Pathogenesis and Therapy of Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- GLP SR-TIGET Test Facility, Ospedale San Rafaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Vezzoli
- GLP SR-TIGET Test Facility, Ospedale San Rafaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Franck Chanut
- GlaxoSmithKline, In Vitro In Vivo Translation, Ware, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon Lowe
- GlaxoSmithKline, In Vitro In Vivo Translation, Ware, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Draghici
- Pathogenesis and Therapy of Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- GLP SR-TIGET Test Facility, Ospedale San Rafaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Melanie Nord
- GlaxoSmithKline, Regulatory Affairs, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paola Albertini
- GLP SR-TIGET Test Facility, Ospedale San Rafaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cristofori
- GLP SR-TIGET Test Facility, Ospedale San Rafaele, Milan, Italy
- GlaxoSmithKline, In Vitro In Vivo Translation, Ware, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Richards
- GlaxoSmithKline, In Vitro In Vivo Translation, Ware, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel Staton
- Covance Laboratories Ltd, Harrogate, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Appleby
- GlaxoSmithKline, In Vitro In Vivo Translation, Ware, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- Pathogenesis and Therapy of Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Aisha V. Sauer
- Pathogenesis and Therapy of Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- GLP SR-TIGET Test Facility, Ospedale San Rafaele, Milan, Italy
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Chirico EN, Di Cataldo V, Chauveau F, Geloën A, Patsouris D, Thézé B, Martin C, Vidal H, Rieusset J, Pialoux V, Canet‐Soulas E. Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of exercise-induced improvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain of old high-fat-fed ApoE -/- mice. J Physiol 2016; 594:6969-6985. [PMID: 27641234 PMCID: PMC5134731 DOI: 10.1113/jp271903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Vascular brain lesions and atherosclerosis are two similar conditions that are characterized by increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Non-invasive imaging in a murine model of atherosclerosis showed vascular brain damage and peripheral inflammation. In this study, exercise training reduced magnetic resonance imaging-detected abnormalities, insulin resistance and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in old ApoE-/- mice. Our results demonstrate the protective effect of exercise on neurovascular damage in the ageing brain of ApoE-/- mice. ABSTRACT Vascular brain lesions, present in advanced atherosclerosis, share pathological hallmarks with peripheral vascular lesions, such as increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Physical activity reduces these peripheral risk factors, but its cerebrovascular effect is less documented, especially by non-invasive imaging. Through a combination of in vivo and post-mortem techniques, we aimed to characterize vascular brain damage in old ApoE-/- mice fed a high-cholesterol (HC) diet with dietary controlled intake. We then sought to determine the beneficial effects of exercise training on oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain as a treatment option in an ageing atherosclerosis mouse model. Using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biological markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, we evaluated the occurrence of vascular abnormalities in the brain of HC-diet fed ApoE-/- mice >70 weeks old, its association with local and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, and whether both can be modulated by exercise. Exercise training significantly reduced both MRI-detected abnormalities (present in 71% of untrained vs. 14% of trained mice) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, 9.1 ± 1.4 vs. 5.2 ± 0.9 μmol mg-1 ; P < 0.01) and inflammation (interleukin-1β, 226.8 ± 27.1 vs. 182.5 ± 21.5 pg mg-1 ; P < 0.05) in the brain, and the mortality rate. Exercise also decreased peripheral insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation, but significant associations were seen only within brain markers. Highly localized vascular brain damage is a frequent finding in this ageing atherosclerosis model, and exercise is able to reduce this outcome and improve lifespan. In vivo MRI evaluated both the neurovascular damage and the protective effect of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N. Chirico
- Cardiovascular, MetabolismDiabetes and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U‐1060)Faculty of Medicine Hospital Lyon SudUniversity of LyonUniversity Lyon 1OullinsFrance
- Laboratoire Inter‐Universitaire de Biologie de la MotricitéUniversity of Lyon, University Lyon 1(LIBMEA7424)VilleurbanneFrance
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamdenNJUSA
| | - Vanessa Di Cataldo
- Cardiovascular, MetabolismDiabetes and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U‐1060)Faculty of Medicine Hospital Lyon SudUniversity of LyonUniversity Lyon 1OullinsFrance
| | - Fabien Chauveau
- Lyon Neuroscience Research CentreUniversité de LyonUniversité Lyon 1CNRS UMR5292; Inserm U1028LyonFrance
| | - Alain Geloën
- Cardiovascular, MetabolismDiabetes and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U‐1060)Faculty of Medicine Hospital Lyon SudUniversity of LyonUniversity Lyon 1OullinsFrance
| | - David Patsouris
- Cardiovascular, MetabolismDiabetes and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U‐1060)Faculty of Medicine Hospital Lyon SudUniversity of LyonUniversity Lyon 1OullinsFrance
| | - Benoît Thézé
- Laboratoire Réparation et VieillissementInstitut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et MoléculaireCEAFontenay‐aux‐RosesFrance
| | - Cyril Martin
- Laboratoire Inter‐Universitaire de Biologie de la MotricitéUniversity of Lyon, University Lyon 1(LIBMEA7424)VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Cardiovascular, MetabolismDiabetes and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U‐1060)Faculty of Medicine Hospital Lyon SudUniversity of LyonUniversity Lyon 1OullinsFrance
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- Cardiovascular, MetabolismDiabetes and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U‐1060)Faculty of Medicine Hospital Lyon SudUniversity of LyonUniversity Lyon 1OullinsFrance
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Laboratoire Inter‐Universitaire de Biologie de la MotricitéUniversity of Lyon, University Lyon 1(LIBMEA7424)VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Canet‐Soulas
- Cardiovascular, MetabolismDiabetes and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U‐1060)Faculty of Medicine Hospital Lyon SudUniversity of LyonUniversity Lyon 1OullinsFrance
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42
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Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine. Nat Med 2016; 22:1428-1438. [PMID: 27841876 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 728] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Here we show that oral supplementation of the natural polyamine spermidine extends the lifespan of mice and exerts cardioprotective effects, reducing cardiac hypertrophy and preserving diastolic function in old mice. Spermidine feeding enhanced cardiac autophagy, mitophagy and mitochondrial respiration, and it also improved the mechano-elastical properties of cardiomyocytes in vivo, coinciding with increased titin phosphorylation and suppressed subclinical inflammation. Spermidine feeding failed to provide cardioprotection in mice that lack the autophagy-related protein Atg5 in cardiomyocytes. In Dahl salt-sensitive rats that were fed a high-salt diet, a model for hypertension-induced congestive heart failure, spermidine feeding reduced systemic blood pressure, increased titin phosphorylation and prevented cardiac hypertrophy and a decline in diastolic function, thus delaying the progression to heart failure. In humans, high levels of dietary spermidine, as assessed from food questionnaires, correlated with reduced blood pressure and a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease. Our results suggest a new and feasible strategy for protection against cardiovascular disease.
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Bitto A, Ito TK, Pineda VV, LeTexier NJ, Huang HZ, Sutlief E, Tung H, Vizzini N, Chen B, Smith K, Meza D, Yajima M, Beyer RP, Kerr KF, Davis DJ, Gillespie CH, Snyder JM, Treuting PM, Kaeberlein M. Transient rapamycin treatment can increase lifespan and healthspan in middle-aged mice. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27549339 PMCID: PMC4996648 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The FDA approved drug rapamycin increases lifespan in rodents and delays age-related dysfunction in rodents and humans. Nevertheless, important questions remain regarding the optimal dose, duration, and mechanisms of action in the context of healthy aging. Here we show that 3 months of rapamycin treatment is sufficient to increase life expectancy by up to 60% and improve measures of healthspan in middle-aged mice. This transient treatment is also associated with a remodeling of the microbiome, including dramatically increased prevalence of segmented filamentous bacteria in the small intestine. We also define a dose in female mice that does not extend lifespan, but is associated with a striking shift in cancer prevalence toward aggressive hematopoietic cancers and away from non-hematopoietic malignancies. These data suggest that a short-term rapamycin treatment late in life has persistent effects that can robustly delay aging, influence cancer prevalence, and modulate the microbiome. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16351.001 Old age is the single greatest risk factor for many diseases including heart disease, arthritis, cancer and dementia. By delaying the biological aging process, it may be possible to reduce the impact of age-related diseases, which could have great benefits for society and the quality of life of individuals. A drug called rapamycin, which is currently used to prevent organ rejection in transplant recipients, is a leading candidate for targeting aging. Rapamycin increases lifespan in several types of animals and delays the onset of many age-related conditions in mice. Nearly all of the aging-related studies in mice have used the same dose of rapamycin given throughout the lives of the animals. Lifelong treatment with rapamycin wouldn’t be practical in humans and is likely to result in undesirable side effects. For example, the high doses of rapamycin used in transplant patients cause side effects including poor wound healing, elevated blood cholesterol levels, and mouth ulcers. Before rapamycin can be used to promote healthy aging in humans, researchers must better understand at what point in life the drug is most effective, and what dose to use to provide the biggest benefit while limiting the side effects. Now, Bitto et al. show that treating mice with rapamycin for a short period during middle age increases the life expectancy of the mice by up to 60%. In the experiments, mice were given two different doses of rapamycin for only three months starting at 20 months old (equivalent to about 60-65 years old in humans). After receiving the lower dose, both male and female mice lived about 50% longer than untreated mice, and showed improvements in their muscle strength and motor coordination. When given the higher dose, male mice showed an even greater increase in life expectancy, but the female mice did not. These female mice had an increased risk of developing rare and aggressive forms of blood cancer, but were protected from other types of cancer. Both drug treatments also caused substantial changes in the gut bacteria of the male and female mice, which could be related to effects of rapamycin on metabolism, immunity and health. More studies are needed to uncover precisely how such short-term treatments can yield long-term changes in the body, and how such changes are related to lifespan and healthy aging. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16351.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bitto
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Takashi K Ito
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Victor V Pineda
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Nicolas J LeTexier
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Heather Z Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Elissa Sutlief
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Herman Tung
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Nicholas Vizzini
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Belle Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Kaleb Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Daniel Meza
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Masanao Yajima
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Richard P Beyer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Kathleen F Kerr
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Daniel J Davis
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States
| | - Catherine H Gillespie
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Piper M Treuting
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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Ward JM, Nikolov NP, Tschetter JR, Kopp JB, Gonzalez FJ, Kimura S, Siegel RM. Progressive Glomerulonephritis and Histiocytic Sarcoma Associated with Macrophage Functional Defects in CYP1B1-Deficient Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 32:710-8. [PMID: 15580705 DOI: 10.1080/01926230490885706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 enzyme metabolically activates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and is a major P450 isoenzyme in human monocytes and macrophages. We have shown previously that mice deficient in CYP1B1 were resistant to induced tumors after 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene exposure. The pathology of aging CYP1B1 null mice on a B6; 129 background was studied in groups of 29 males and 30 females. By 12 months, 50% of the female mice had developed a unusual progressive glomerulonephritis while males had similar renal lesions later in life. This disease followed a sequence of proliferative, membranoproliferative and sclerotic glomerulonephritis. Anti-DNA antibodies were found in the blood of the mice along with immune deposits containing immunoglobulins in subepithelial locations of the glomerular basement membrane. The lesions were unlike those found in aging wild-type B6;129 mice or mice of other strains. We found that macrophages from CYP1B1-null mice were impaired in the phagocytosis of apoptotic, necrotic, and opsonized cells. This suggests a generalized defect in the phagocytic activity of CYP1B1-null mouse macrophages. Male mice also developed a high incidence (62—64%) of histiocytic sarcomas. Our study provides evidence that deficiency of CYP1B1 can play a role in the development of glomerular disease, normal processing of catabolic DNA and tumors of the mononuclear phagocyte system. The function of CYP1B1 in histiocytes and macrophages may involve both self-tolerance and tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold M Ward
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH and SoBran, Inc., Twinbrook 3, Room 2W-01A, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8135, USA.
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Building for the future: essential infrastructure for rodent ageing studies. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:440-4. [PMID: 27221665 PMCID: PMC4935732 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When planning ageing research using rodent models, the logistics of supply, long term housing and infrastructure provision are important factors to take into consideration. These issues need to be prioritised to ensure they meet the requirements of experiments which potentially will not be completed for several years. Although these issues are not unique to this discipline, the longevity of experiments and indeed the animals, requires a high level of consistency and sustainability to be maintained throughout lengthy periods of time. Moreover, the need to access aged stock or material for more immediate experiments poses many issues for the completion of pilot studies and/or short term intervention studies on older models. In this article, we highlight the increasing demand for ageing research, the resources and infrastructure involved, and the need for large-scale collaborative programmes to advance studies in both a timely and a cost-effective way.
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46
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Patel SA, Chaudhari A, Gupta R, Velingkaar N, Kondratov RV. Circadian clocks govern calorie restriction-mediated life span extension through BMAL1- and IGF-1-dependent mechanisms. FASEB J 2016; 30:1634-42. [PMID: 26700733 PMCID: PMC4799504 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-282475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) increases longevity in many species by unknown mechanisms. The circadian clock was proposed as a potential mediator of CR. Deficiency of the core component of the circadian clock-transcriptional factor BMAL1 (brain and muscle ARNT [aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator]-like protein 1)-results in accelerated aging. Here we investigated the role of BMAL1 in mechanisms of CR. The 30% CR diet increased the life span of wild-type (WT) mice by 20% compared to mice on anad libitum(AL) diet but failed to increase life span ofBmal1(-/-)mice. BMAL1 deficiency impaired CR-mediated changes in the plasma levels of IGF-1 and insulin. We detected a statistically significantly reduction of IGF-1 in CRvs.AL by 50 to 70% in WT mice at several daily time points tested, while inBmal1(-/-)the reduction was not significant. Insulin levels in WT were reduced by 5 to 9%, whileBmal1(-/-)induced it by 10 to 35% at all time points tested. CR up-regulated the daily average expression ofBmal1(by 150%) and its downstream target genesPeriods(by 470% forPer1and by 130% forPer2). We propose that BMAL1 is an important mediator of CR, and activation of BMAL1 might link CR mechanisms with biologic clocks.-Patel, S. A., Chaudhari, A., Gupta, R., Velingkaar, N., Kondratov, R. V. Circadian clocks govern calorie restriction-mediated life span extension through BMAL1- and IGF-1-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal A Patel
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amol Chaudhari
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richa Gupta
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nikkhil Velingkaar
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Roman V Kondratov
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
Aging is characterized by the progressive accumulation of degenerative changes, culminating in impaired function and increased probability of death. It is the major risk factor for many human pathologies - including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases - and consequently exerts an enormous social and economic toll. The major goal of aging research is to develop interventions that can delay the onset of multiple age-related diseases and prolong healthy lifespan (healthspan). The observation that enhanced longevity and health can be achieved in model organisms by dietary restriction or simple genetic manipulations has prompted the hunt for chemical compounds that can increase lifespan. Most of the pathways that modulate the rate of aging in mammals have homologs in yeast, flies, and worms, suggesting that initial screening to identify such pharmacological interventions may be possible using invertebrate models. In recent years, several compounds have been identified that can extend lifespan in invertebrates, and even in rodents. Here, we summarize the strategies employed, and the progress made, in identifying compounds capable of extending lifespan in organisms ranging from invertebrates to mice and discuss the formidable challenges in translating this work to human therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Kumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Speakman JR, Mitchell SE, Mazidi M. Calories or protein? The effect of dietary restriction on lifespan in rodents is explained by calories alone. Exp Gerontol 2016; 86:28-38. [PMID: 27006163 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Almost exactly 100years ago Osborne and colleagues demonstrated that restricting the food intake of a small number of female rats extended their lifespan. In the 1930s experiments on the impact of diet on lifespan were extended by Slonaker, and subsequently McCay. Slonaker concluded that there was a strong impact of protein intake on lifespan, while McCay concluded that calories are the main factor causing differences in lifespan when animals are restricted (Calorie restriction or CR). Hence from the very beginning the question of whether food restriction acts on lifespan via reduced calorie intake or reduced protein intake was disputed. Subsequent work supported the idea that calories were the dominant factor. More recently, however, this role has again been questioned, particularly in studies of insects. Here we review the data regarding previous studies of protein and calorie restriction in rodents. We show that increasing CR (with simultaneous protein restriction: PR) increases lifespan, and that CR with no PR generates an identical effect. None of the residual variation in the impact of CR (with PR) on lifespan could be traced to variation in macronutrient content of the diet. Other studies show that low protein content in the diet does increase median lifespan, but the effect is smaller than the CR effect. We conclude that CR is a valid phenomenon in rodents that cannot be explained by changes in protein intake, but that there is a separate phenomenon linking protein intake to lifespan, which acts over a different range of protein intakes than is typical in CR studies. This suggests there may be a fundamental difference in the responses of insects and rodents to CR. This may be traced to differences in the physiology of these groups, or reflect a major methodological difference between 'restriction' studies performed on rodents and insects. We suggest that studies where the diet is supplied ad libitum, but diluted with inert components, should perhaps be called dietary or caloric dilution, rather than dietary or caloric restriction, to distinguish these potentially important methodological differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Speakman
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
| | - S E Mitchell
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - M Mazidi
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Naturally occurring p16(Ink4a)-positive cells shorten healthy lifespan. Nature 2016; 530:184-9. [PMID: 26840489 PMCID: PMC4845101 DOI: 10.1038/nature16932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1796] [Impact Index Per Article: 224.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a stress-induced irreversible growth arrest often characterized by expression of p16(Ink4a) (encoded by the Ink4a/Arf locus, also known as Cdkn2a) and a distinctive secretory phenotype, prevents the proliferation of preneoplastic cells and has beneficial roles in tissue remodelling during embryogenesis and wound healing. Senescent cells accumulate in various tissues and organs over time, and have been speculated to have a role in ageing. To explore the physiological relevance and consequences of naturally occurring senescent cells, here we use a previously established transgene, INK-ATTAC, to induce apoptosis in p16(Ink4a)-expressing cells of wild-type mice by injection of AP20187 twice a week starting at one year of age. We show that compared to vehicle alone, AP20187 treatment extended median lifespan in both male and female mice of two distinct genetic backgrounds. The clearance of p16(Ink4a)-positive cells delayed tumorigenesis and attenuated age-related deterioration of several organs without apparent side effects, including kidney, heart and fat, where clearance preserved the functionality of glomeruli, cardio-protective KATP channels and adipocytes, respectively. Thus, p16(Ink4a)-positive cells that accumulate during adulthood negatively influence lifespan and promote age-dependent changes in several organs, and their therapeutic removal may be an attractive approach to extend healthy lifespan.
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50
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Thompson ACS, Bruss MD, Price JC, Khambatta CF, Holmes WE, Colangelo M, Dalidd M, Roberts LS, Astle CM, Harrison DE, Hellerstein MK. Reduced in vivo hepatic proteome replacement rates but not cell proliferation rates predict maximum lifespan extension in mice. Aging Cell 2016; 15:118-27. [PMID: 26541492 PMCID: PMC4717272 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Combating the social and economic consequences of a growing elderly population will require the identification of interventions that slow the development of age-related diseases. Preserved cellular homeostasis and delayed aging have been previously linked to reduced cell proliferation and protein synthesis rates. To determine whether changes in these processes may contribute to or predict delayed aging in mammals, we measured cell proliferation rates and the synthesis and replacement rates (RRs) of over a hundred hepatic proteins in vivo in three different mouse models of extended maximum lifespan (maxLS): Snell Dwarf, calorie-restricted (CR), and rapamycin (Rapa)-treated mice. Cell proliferation rates were not consistently reduced across the models. In contrast, reduced hepatic protein RRs (longer half-lives) were observed in all three models compared to controls. Intriguingly, the degree of mean hepatic protein RR reduction was significantly correlated with the degree of maxLS extension across the models and across different Rapa doses. Absolute rates of hepatic protein synthesis were reduced in Snell Dwarf and CR, but not Rapa-treated mice. Hepatic chaperone levels were unchanged or reduced and glutathione S-transferase synthesis was preserved or increased in all three models, suggesting a reduced demand for protein renewal, possibly due to reduced levels of unfolded or damaged proteins. These data demonstrate that maxLS extension in mammals is associated with improved hepatic proteome homeostasis, as reflected by a reduced demand for protein renewal, and that reduced hepatic protein RRs hold promise as an early biomarker and potential target for interventions that delay aging in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airlia C. S. Thompson
- Department of Nutritional Science and ToxicologyUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Matthew D. Bruss
- Department of Nutritional Science and ToxicologyUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- PPD Inc.MiddletonWI53562USA
| | - John C. Price
- KineMed Inc.EmeryvilleCA94608USA
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBrigham Young UniversityProvoUT84602USA
| | | | | | - Marc Colangelo
- Department of Nutritional Science and ToxicologyUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- KineMed Inc.EmeryvilleCA94608USA
| | - Marcy Dalidd
- Department of Nutritional Science and ToxicologyUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- KineMed Inc.EmeryvilleCA94608USA
| | - Lindsay S. Roberts
- Department of Nutritional Science and ToxicologyUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | | | | | - Marc K. Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Science and ToxicologyUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- KineMed Inc.EmeryvilleCA94608USA
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