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Fedurek P, Danel D, Aktipis A, Berbesque JC, Cronk L, Makambi EJ, Lehmann J, Mabulla I, Koziel S. Height and integration in proximity networks among Tanzanian Hadza men. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24129. [PMID: 38965770 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been much interest in investigating the extent to which social status or prestige are related to an individual's degree of integration in social networks. It has been shown that, among hunter-gatherers, social characteristics of an individual based on social status or prestige, such foraging reputation, friendship popularity, and pro-social reputation, can influence the extent to which an individual is embedded in a social network. However, little is known regarding the extent to which height, a physical trait that in Western societies is often associated with social status, is associated in integration in social networks among small-scale hunter gatherers. Here, we investigated the relationship between height and a position an individual occupies in proximity networks among Hadza men (n = 30), hunter-gatherers living in Northern Tanzania. The results of our study show that height is not related to the position an individual maintains in proximity networks. We argue that, in a relatively egalitarian small-scale hunter-gatherer societies such as the Hadza, social interactions driving proximity networks might be influenced by social traits, such as popularity and hunting reputation, rather than physical traits, such as height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Fedurek
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Roehampton University, London, England, UK
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Danel
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Athena Aktipis
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - J Colette Berbesque
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Roehampton University, London, England, UK
| | - Lee Cronk
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - E Jerryson Makambi
- Mount Meru Tour Guide and International Language School, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Julia Lehmann
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Roehampton University, London, England, UK
| | | | - Slawomir Koziel
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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Fernández-Pérez I, Jiménez-Balado J, Lazcano U, Giralt-Steinhauer E, Rey Álvarez L, Cuadrado-Godia E, Rodríguez-Campello A, Macias-Gómez A, Suárez-Pérez A, Revert-Barberá A, Estragués-Gázquez I, Soriano-Tarraga C, Roquer J, Ois A, Jiménez-Conde J. Machine Learning Approximations to Predict Epigenetic Age Acceleration in Stroke Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032759. [PMID: 36769083 PMCID: PMC9917369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Age acceleration (Age-A) is a useful tool that is able to predict a broad range of health outcomes. It is necessary to determine DNA methylation levels to estimate it, and it is known that Age-A is influenced by environmental, lifestyle, and vascular risk factors (VRF). The aim of this study is to estimate the contribution of these easily measurable factors to Age-A in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD), using different machine learning (ML) approximations, and try to find a more accessible model able to predict Age-A. We studied a CVD cohort of 952 patients with information about VRF, lifestyle habits, and target organ damage. We estimated Age-A using Hannum's epigenetic clock, and trained six different models to predict Age-A: a conventional linear regression model, four ML models (elastic net regression (EN), K-Nearest neighbors, random forest, and support vector machine models), and one deep learning approximation (multilayer perceptron (MLP) model). The best-performing models were EN and MLP; although, the predictive capability was modest (R2 0.358 and 0.378, respectively). In conclusion, our results support the influence of these factors on Age-A; although, they were not enough to explain most of its variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fernández-Pérez
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Jiménez-Balado
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.-B.); (J.J.-C.)
| | - Uxue Lazcano
- Unidad de Investigación AP-OSIs Guipúzcoa, 20014 Donostia, Spain
| | - Eva Giralt-Steinhauer
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Rey Álvarez
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Cuadrado-Godia
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Campello
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Macias-Gómez
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Suárez-Pérez
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Revert-Barberá
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Estragués-Gázquez
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Soriano-Tarraga
- Department of Psychiatry, NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jaume Roquer
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Ois
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Jiménez-Conde
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.-B.); (J.J.-C.)
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Kim HL, Lee Y, Lee JH, Shin JH, Shin J, Sung KC. Lack of the association between height and cardiovascular prognosis in hypertensive men and women: analysis of national real-world database. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18953. [PMID: 36347912 PMCID: PMC9643395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on the association between height and cardiovascular risk are still conflicting. Moreover, no reports are showing this issue in hypertensive patients. This study was performed to investigate whether height affects cardiovascular prognosis in hypertensive patients using nation-wide real-world data. Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we analyzed 461,492 Korean hypertensive patients without any prior history of cardiovascular disease between January 2002 and December 2017. The incidence of a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke was assessed according to height quintiles. In univariable comparisons, the taller the patients, the younger the age and the higher the proportion of men. In multivariable cox regression analyses, height was not associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Although the risk of clinical events increased in some height quintiles compared to the first height quintile, there was no tendency to increase the risk according to the increase in the height quintile. These results were similar even when men and women were analyzed separately. In the same quintile group of height, there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between sexes. In Korean hypertensive patients, there was no association between height and the occurrence of cardiovascular events. This result did not differ by sex. The clinical use of height for CVD prediction seems to be still tricky in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hack-Lyoung Kim
- grid.412479.dDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yonggu Lee
- grid.412145.70000 0004 0647 3212Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Lee
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Center of Biomedical Data Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Shin
- grid.412145.70000 0004 0647 3212Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Jinho Shin
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-Ro Sungdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763 South Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03181 South Korea
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de Andrade BMR, Valença EHO, Salvatori R, Oliveira LA, Souza AHO, Oliveira AHA, Oliveira MCP, Melo EV, de Carvalho S, Sales NJ, Monteiro GC, de Lima JM, Annunziato MFH, Mannis GDB, de A Souza LE, Goes YD, Carvalho TS, de Farias C, Dos Santos MP, Cardoso GPF, Pereira Sousa CS, Santana JR, Sales EA, d'Avila JS, Aguiar-Oliveira MH. Art and science: impact of semioccluded vocal tract exercises and choral singing on quality of life in subjects with congenital GH deficiency. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:198-205. [PMID: 35315986 PMCID: PMC9832885 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Currently, not much is known about the interactions between voice and growth hormone (GH). We have described large kindred with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to a GHRH receptor mutation, resulting in severe short stature and high-pitched voice. These IGHD individuals have little interest in GH treatment, as they consider themselves "short long-lived people", rather than patients. Interestingly, they report normal general quality of life, but they rate their Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) as low. Here, we assessed the social and auditory-perceptual impacts of artistic-intervention voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTE) and choral singing, on their voices. Methods Seventeen GH-naïve adult IGHD individuals were enrolled in a single-arm interventional pre-post study with 13 weekly sessions of choir singing over 90 days. Outcome measures were V-RQOL scores, self-assessment of voice, and auditory-perceptual analysis (GRBAS scale, G: grade of the severity of dysphonia; R: roughness; B: breathiness; A: asthenia; and S: strain). Results Marked improvements in total (p = 0.0001), physical (p = 0.0002), and socioemotional (p = 0.0001) V-RQOL scores and in self-assessment of voice (p = 0.004) were found. The general grades of vocal deviation (p = 0.0001), roughness (p = 0.0001), breathiness (p = 0.0001) and strain (p = 0.0001) exhibited accentuated reductions. Conclusion Voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises and choral training improved social impact and perceptual voice assessments in IGHD subjects and markedly improved their voice-related quality of life. This is particularly important in a setting where GH replacement therapy is not widely accepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna M R de Andrade
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Eugenia H O Valença
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Roberto Salvatori
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore (Maryland), United States
| | - Luiz A Oliveira
- Divisão de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Anita H O Souza
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Alaíde H A Oliveira
- Divisão de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Mario C P Oliveira
- Departamento de Comunicação Social, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Enaldo V Melo
- Divisão de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Susana de Carvalho
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Neuza J Sales
- Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucas E de A Souza
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Yasmin D Goes
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Thayza S Carvalho
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Celiane de Farias
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Michela P Dos Santos
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Gabriela P F Cardoso
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Carla S Pereira Sousa
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Julia Rodrigues Santana
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Ester Almeida Sales
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Jeferson Sampaio d'Avila
- Divisão de Otorrinolaringologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Manuel H Aguiar-Oliveira
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brasil,
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Marco-Gracia FJ, Puche J. The association between male height and lifespan in rural Spain, birth cohorts 1835-1939. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2021; 43:101022. [PMID: 34139454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2021.101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This article analyses the relationship between male height and age at death and its evolution over time among conscripts born in fourteen villages in north-east rural Spain. A total of 1,488 conscripts born between 1835 and 1939 (and who died between 1868 and 2019) have been included in the analysis (based on the study of 3 sub-periods: 1835-1869, 1870-1899, and 1900-1939). The height data have been obtained from military service conscription records and the demographic and socioeconomic information of the deceased was obtained from parish archives and censuses. The data have been linked according to nominative criteria using family reconstitution methods. For the statistical analysis, we have used ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regressions with heteroskedasticity-robust estimation. The results suggest a positive relationship between height and lifespan in the long-term. For the birth cohorts of 1835-1869, conscripts with a height of 170 cm or more lived on average 7.6 years longer than conscripts measuring less than 160 cm. This difference in life expectancy tended to disappear for the birth cohorts of 1900-1939, benefiting especially the short conscripts who had greater possibilities to increase their average lifespan. The reasons that might explain these changes could reside in the improvements experienced by this group in terms of their living conditions, health and nutrition during the twentieth century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Marco-Gracia
- Department of Applied Economics and Economic History, Universidad de Zaragoza, and Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Javier Puche
- Department of Applied Economics and Economic History, Universidad de Zaragoza, and Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
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Huang SY, Yang YX, Chen SD, Li HQ, Zhang XQ, Kuo K, Tan L, Feng L, Dong Q, Zhang C, Yu JT. Investigating causal relationships between exposome and human longevity: a Mendelian randomization analysis. BMC Med 2021; 19:150. [PMID: 34281550 PMCID: PMC8290559 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental factors are associated with human longevity, but their specificity and causality remain mostly unclear. By integrating the innovative "exposome" concept developed in the field of environmental epidemiology, this study aims to determine the components of exposome causally linked to longevity using Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS A total of 4587 environmental exposures extracting from 361,194 individuals from the UK biobank, in exogenous and endogenous domains of exposome were assessed. We examined the relationship between each environmental factor and two longevity outcomes (i.e., surviving to the 90th or 99th percentile age) from various cohorts of European ancestry. Significant results after false discovery rates correction underwent validation using an independent exposure dataset. RESULTS Out of all the environmental exposures, eight age-related diseases and pathological conditions were causally associated with lower odds of longevity, including coronary atherosclerosis (odds ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [0.70, 0.84], P = 4.2 × 10-8), ischemic heart disease (0.66, [0.51, 0.87], P = 0.0029), angina (0.73, [0.65, 0.83], P = 5.4 × 10-7), Alzheimer's disease (0.80, [0.72, 0.89], P = 3.0 × 10-5), hypertension (0.70, [0.64, 0.77], P = 4.5 × 10-14), type 2 diabetes (0.88 [0.80, 0.96], P = 0.004), high cholesterol (0.81, [0.72, 0.91], P = 0.0003), and venous thromboembolism (0.92, [0.87, 0.97], P = 0.0028). After adjusting for genetic correlation between different types of blood lipids, higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.72 [0.64, 0.80], P = 2.3 × 10-9) was associated with lower odds of longevity, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.36 [1.13, 1.62], P = 0.001) showed the opposite. Genetically predicted sitting/standing height was unrelated to longevity, while higher comparative height size at 10 was negatively associated with longevity. Greater body fat, especially the trunk fat mass, and never eat sugar or foods/drinks containing sugar were adversely associated with longevity, while education attainment showed the opposite. CONCLUSIONS The present study supports that some age-related diseases as well as education are causally related to longevity and highlights several new targets for achieving longevity, including management of venous thromboembolism, appropriate intake of sugar, and control of body fat. Our results warrant further studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these reported causal associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shi-Dong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hong-Qi Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Kevin Kuo
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Specific features of the oldest old from the Longevity Blue Zones in Ikaria and Sardinia. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111543. [PMID: 34265327 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity may be found in single individuals as well as in the population as a whole ("population longevity"). Longevity Blue Zones (LBZs), which are areas with an unusually high number of oldest old, have been identified in Sardinia and the Greek island of Ikaria. We compared the lifestyle, health status and some genetic markers of the LBZ populations with those of reference populations from Italy and Greece; the data were extracted from the GEHA database. In the LBZs, the proportion of individuals who never married or were married and still living with their spouse was significantly greater. Nonagenarians males and females with a high self‒perception of optimism and/or a high score for self-rated health were also found in larger proportions in LBZs. Among the variables with lower frequency were the proportion of the widowed, the percentage of subjects who had suffered a stroke and the frequency of Apoε4 and Apoε2 and the TT genotype of FOXO3A gene. Compared to behavioral and health indicators, the impact of genetic factors might be relatively less important in the LBZs. Nevertheless, further research is needed to identify potential epigenetic traits that might play a predominant role due to the interaction between genetics and the human and physical environments.
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Melo MA, Borges LP, Salvatori R, Souza DRV, Santos-Júnior HT, de R Neto JM, Campos VC, Santos AA, Oliveira CRP, da Invenção GB, Batista VO, Matos ILS, Barros-Oliveira CS, Dos Santos KA, Santos EG, Souza NAA, Melo EV, Borges PC, Santos SEFS, de Oliveira BM, Oliveira-Santos AA, de Jesus AR, Aguiar-Oliveira MH. Individuals with isolated congenital GH deficiency due to a GHRH receptor gene mutation appear to cope better with SARS-CoV-2 infection than controls. Endocrine 2021; 72:349-355. [PMID: 33860882 PMCID: PMC8050633 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several interactions exist between the GH/IGF axis and the immune system, including effects on innate immunity and humoral and cellular response. Acquired GH deficiency (GHD) has been recently proposed as a risk factor for severity of COVID-19 infections. However, acquired GHD is often associated to other factors, including pituitary tumors, surgery, radiotherapy, and additional pituitary hormones deficits and their replacements, which, together, may hinder an accurate analysis of the relationship between GHD and COVID-19. Therefore, we decided to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the frequency of symptomatic cases of COVID-19 in adults subjects with untreated isolated GHD (IGHD) due to a homozygous null mutation in the GHRH receptor gene. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in 27 adult IGHD subjects and 27 age- and gender-matched local controls. Interview, physical examination, bio-impedance, hematological and SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies were analyzed. RESULTS There was no difference in the prevalence of positivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies between the two groups. Conversely, no IGHD individual had a previous clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, while 6 control subjects did (p = 0.023). CONCLUSION The production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was similar between IGHD subjects due to a GHRH receptor gene mutation and controls, but the evolution to symptomatic stages of the infection and the frequency of confirmed cases was lower in IGHD subjects than in GH sufficient individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela A Melo
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Aracaju, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Salvatori
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | | | | | - José M de R Neto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Clinical Immunology, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Viviane C Campos
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Aryanne A Santos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Clinical Immunology, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Carla R P Oliveira
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Aracaju, Brazil
| | | | - Vanderlan O Batista
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Igor L S Matos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Clinical Immunology, Aracaju, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elenilde G Santos
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Aracaju, Brazil
| | | | - Enaldo V Melo
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Pamela C Borges
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Clinical Immunology, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Saulo E F S Santos
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Aracaju, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amélia R de Jesus
- Division of Immunology, Health Sciences Graduate Program Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, 49060-100, Sergipe, Brazil
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9
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Marein B. Economic development in Puerto Rico after US annexation: Anthropometric evidence. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2020; 38:100892. [PMID: 32473538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper considers economic development in Puerto Rico following its annexation by the United States in 1898, a watershed moment in the history of the island and the pinnacle of American imperialism in Latin America. Drawing on data from three surveys, I show that male height in Puerto Rico increased at more than twice the average rate for Latin America and the Caribbean between 1890 and 1940. I also show that Puerto Ricans at mid-century were among the tallest Latin Americans outside of Argentina and Uruguay. The evidence supports the conclusion that conditions improved substantially after US annexation, in contrast to the prevailing view in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Marein
- Department of Economics, University of Colorado Boulder, United States.
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10
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Leongómez JD, Sánchez OR, Vásquez-Amézquita M, Valderrama E, Castellanos-Chacón A, Morales-Sánchez L, Nieto J, González-Santoyo I. Self-reported Health is Related to Body Height and Waist Circumference in Rural Indigenous and Urbanised Latin-American Populations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4391. [PMID: 32152353 PMCID: PMC7062753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Body height is a life-history component. It involves important costs for its expression and maintenance, which may originate trade-offs on other costly components such as reproduction or immunity. Although previous evidence has supported the idea that human height could be a sexually selected trait, the explanatory mechanisms that underlie this selection are poorly understood. Despite extensive studies on the association between height and attractiveness, the role of immunity in linking this relation is scarcely studied, particularly in non-Western populations. Here, we tested whether human height is related to health measured by self-perception, and relevant nutritional and health anthropometric indicators in three Latin-American populations that widely differ in socioeconomic and ecological conditions: two urbanised populations from Bogota (Colombia) and Mexico City (Mexico), and one isolated indigenous population (Me'Phaa, Mexico). Results showed that self-reported health is best predicted by an interaction between height and waist circumference: the presumed benefits of being taller are waist-dependent, and affect taller people more than shorter individuals. If health and genetic quality cues play an important role in human mate-choice, and height and waist interact to signal health, its evolutionary consequences, including cognitive and behavioural effects, should be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Leongómez
- Human Behaviour Lab, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia.
| | - Oscar R Sánchez
- Human Behaviour Lab, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Eugenio Valderrama
- Human Behaviour Lab, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
- LH Bailey Hortorium, Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Lina Morales-Sánchez
- Human Behaviour Lab, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Los Andes University, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Javier Nieto
- Laboratory of Learning and Adaptation, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isaac González-Santoyo
- Neuroecology Lab, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
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11
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Abstract
AbstractThis study explores the link between height and earnings, using data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for the year 2015 (24th wave). The dependent variable was average monthly income and the key independent variable was self-reported height, measured in centimetres. The empirical model also included a rich vector of personal and job-related factors that have been shown to be associated with earnings in the relevant literature. Sequential multiple regression and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyse the data. The results suggest that height is a significant predictor of earnings in Russia. The results were found to be robust for a set of controls and tests.
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12
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A nonrandomized study of single oral supplementation within the daily tolerable upper level of nicotinamide affects blood nicotinamide and NAD+ levels in healthy subjects. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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13
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Mortzfeld BM, Taubenheim J, Klimovich AV, Fraune S, Rosenstiel P, Bosch TCG. Temperature and insulin signaling regulate body size in Hydra by the Wnt and TGF-beta pathways. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3257. [PMID: 31332174 PMCID: PMC6646324 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
How multicellular organisms assess and control their size is a fundamental question in biology, yet the molecular and genetic mechanisms that control organ or organism size remain largely unsolved. The freshwater polyp Hydra demonstrates a high capacity to adapt its body size to different temperatures. Here we identify the molecular mechanisms controlling this phenotypic plasticity and show that temperature-induced cell number changes are controlled by Wnt- and TGF-β signaling. Further we show that insulin-like peptide receptor (INSR) and forkhead box protein O (FoxO) are important genetic drivers of size determination controlling the same developmental regulators. Thus, environmental and genetic factors directly affect developmental mechanisms in which cell number is the strongest determinant of body size. These findings identify the basic mechanisms as to how size is regulated on an organismic level and how phenotypic plasticity is integrated into conserved developmental pathways in an evolutionary informative model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt M Mortzfeld
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Rd, Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA
| | - Jan Taubenheim
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Zoology and Organismic Interactions, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander V Klimovich
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fraune
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Zoology and Organismic Interactions, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas C G Bosch
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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14
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Meng J, Sun N, Chen Y, Li Z, Cui X, Fan J, Cao H, Zheng W, Jin Q, Jiang L, Zhu W. Artificial neural network optimizes self-examination of osteoporosis risk in women. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:3088-3098. [PMID: 31179797 PMCID: PMC6683875 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519850648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the application of an artificial neural network (ANN) in optimizing the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA) score. Methods OSTA score was calculated for each female participant that underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry examination in two hospitals (one in each of two Chinese cities, Harbin and Ningbo). An ANN model was built using age and weight as input and femoral neck T-score as output. Osteoporosis risk screening by joint application of ANN and OSTA score was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results Nearly 90% of women with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-determined femoral neck osteoporosis were ≥60 years old. The ANN with age and weight as input and OSTA score both identified osteoporosis, with respective accuracy rates of 78.8% and 78.3%. However, both methods failed to identify osteoporosis in women < 60 years old. Compared with OSTA score alone, combined use of the two tools increased the rate of osteoporosis recognition among women > 80 years old. Conclusions OSTA score-mediated osteoporosis risk screening should be restricted to women ≥60 years old. Joint application of ANN and OSTA improved osteoporosis risk screening among Chinese women > 80 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Meng
- 1 Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Sun
- 2 Office of Academic Research, Ningbo Health Career Technical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Yali Chen
- 3 Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Xiaomeng Cui
- 5 School of Measurement-Control Tech & Communications Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jingxue Fan
- 1 Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hailing Cao
- 1 Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wangping Zheng
- 3 Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiying Jin
- 3 Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lihong Jiang
- 1 Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- 6 Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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15
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Cheraghi MA, Rezasoltani P, Vedadhir A, Taghizadeh Z, Samadanifard SH. Parents' concerns regarding the growth characteristics of their adolescents: a qualitative inquiry in Iran. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2018; 13:1453179. [PMID: 29648944 PMCID: PMC5906932 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2018.1453179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, parents have become increasingly concerned, both subjectively and objectively, about their adolescents' body height/weight growth. Parent-adolescent interactions about this issue and the potential socio-psychological consequences of such interactions should be considered as an important influencing factor on the future of adolescents' sexual and reproductive health. To achieve a greater understanding of such concerns, it is necessary to further elucidate parents' experiences on this topic, so as to expand the existing literature. This study aimed to explain the perceptions of parents' concerns regarding their adolescents' growth characteristics in the socio-cultural context of Iran as a transitional society. This paper is part of a larger qualitative study designed using the Constructivist Grounded Theory Methodology (CGTM). We conducted open-ended intensive interviews with eleven parents individually and recruited them through purposeful and theoretical sampling from a teaching hospital, community, and a primary school in Tehran with theoretical sampling variation in terms of teenagers' age, sex, and birth order, place of residence, parents' occupation and education, and the self-reported socio-economic status. Using the analytical procedures of the CGTM, we performed analyses. In the findings, the concept of 'living with constant sense of uncertainty' emerged from the subcategories including 'feeling existing and potential concern about expected minimum and maximum bio-positions of growth,' 'feeling potential concern about biological health consequences,' 'feeling potential concern about the emergence of early/late maturity signs,' 'feeling potential concern about adolescent's emotional threat,' 'feeling concerned about future employment, education, marriage, and fertility,' and 'feeling potential concern about the society's view'. These findings suggest that parents are living with a constant sense of uncertainty about their teens' growth characteristics throughout the transition from adolescence. All stakeholders including parents, health-care practitioners and policymakers, and anthropologists/sociologists should be focus on such concerns, in order to manage them and their possible socio-psychological burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Cheraghi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Rezasoltani
- PhD candidate, Department of Reproductive Health & Midwifery, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - AbouAli Vedadhir
- Department of Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- UCL Department of Science and Technology Studies (STS), University College London, London, UK
| | - Ziba Taghizadeh
- Department of Reproductive Health & Midwifery, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Samadanifard
- Department of Endocrinology, Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Vaiserman A, Koliada A, Lushchak O. Developmental programming of aging trajectory. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:105-122. [PMID: 30059788 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that aging phenotype and longevity may be developmentally programmed. Main mechanisms linking developmental conditions to later-life health outcomes include persistent changes in epigenetic regulation, (re)programming of major endocrine axes such as growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and also early-life immune maturation. Recently, evidence has also been generated on the role of telomere biology in developmental programming of aging trajectory. In addition, persisting changes of intestinal microbiota appears to be crucially involved in these processes. In this review, experimental and epidemiological evidence on the role of early-life conditions in programming of aging phenotypes are presented and mechanisms potentially underlying these associations are discussed.
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17
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Leive A. Dying to win? Olympic Gold medals and longevity. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2018; 61:193-204. [PMID: 30165267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper compares mortality between Gold and Silver medalists in Olympic Track and Field to study how achievement influences health. Contrary to conventional wisdom, winners die over one year earlier than losers. I find strong evidence of differences in earnings and occupational choices as a mechanism. Losers pursued higher-paying occupations than winners according to individual Census records. I find no evidence consistent with selection or risk-taking. How people respond to success or failure in pivotal life events may produce long-lasting consequences for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Leive
- University of Virginia, Batten School of Leadership & Public Policy, 235 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, United States.
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18
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Pes GM, Ganau A, Tognotti E, Errigo A, Rocchi C, Dore MP. The association of adult height with the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in the population of Sardinia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190888. [PMID: 29677219 PMCID: PMC5909893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between body height and the risk of non‒communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer has been the subject of much debate in the epidemiological literature. Concerns have recently arisen over spurious associations due to confounding factors like birth cohort, especially in the context of epidemiological transition. The population of Sardinia represents an interesting case study, as the average physical stature of inhabitants was the lowest recorded in Europe until a few decades ago. In this population we tested whether height is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cancer. We analysed the stature of 10,427 patients undergoing endoscopy for any reason, for whom a detailed clinical history of cardiovascular disease and/or malignancies had been documented. Poisson regression modelling was used to test the association between stature and disease risk. When patients were subdivided according to sex and height tertiles, the risk of cardiovascular disease proved significantly greater for subjects in the lowest tertile irrespective of sex (men: 1.87; 95%CI 1.41‒2.47; women: 1.23; 95%CI 0.92‒1.66) and smaller for those in the highest tertile (men: 0.51; 95%CI 0.35‒0.75; women: 0.41; 95%CI 0.27‒0.61). However, after adjusting the risk for birth cohort and established risk factors, it mostly resulted in non-significant values, although the overall trend persisted. Similar results were obtained for all-cancer risk (relative risk for men and women in the lowest tertile: 1.44; 95%CI 1.09–1.90 and 1.17; 95%CI 0.93–1.48, in the highest tertile: 0.51; 95%CI 0.36–0.72 and 0.62; 95%CI 0.47–0.81, respectively) as well as for some of the most common types of cancer. We concluded that the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and malignancies does not vary significantly with stature in the Sardinian population, after adjusting for birth cohort and more obvious risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mario Pes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Sardinia Longevity Blue Zone Observatory, Ogliastra, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Antonello Ganau
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Eugenia Tognotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Errigo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Chiara Rocchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Dore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
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19
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Vaiserman AM. Birth weight predicts aging trajectory: A hypothesis. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 173:61-70. [PMID: 29626501 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that risk for age-related disease and longevity can be programmed early in life. In human populations, convincing evidence has been accumulated indicating that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) resulting in low birth weight (<2.5 kg) followed by postnatal catch-up growth is associated with various aspects of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Fetal macrosomia (birth weight > 4.5 kg), by contrast, is associated with high risk of non-diabetic obesity and cancers in later life. Developmental modification of epigenetic patterns is considered to be a central mechanism in determining such developmentally programmed phenotypes. Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis is likely a key driver of these processes. In this review, evidence is discussed that suggests that different aging trajectories can be realized depending on developmentally programmed life-course dynamics of IGF-1. In this hypothetical scenario, IUGR-induced deficit of IGF-1 causes "diabetic" aging trajectory associated with various metabolic disorders in adulthood, while fetal macrosomia-induced excessive levels of IGF-1 lead to "cancerous" aging trajectory. If the above reasoning is correct, then both low and high birth weights are predictors of short life expectancy, while the normal birth weight is a predictor of "normal" aging and maximum longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Vaiserman
- Institute of Gerontology NAMS of Ukraine, Vyshgorodskaya st. 67, Kiev 04114, Ukraine.
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20
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De Luca M. The role of the cell-matrix interface in aging and its interaction with the renin-angiotensin system in the aged vasculature. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 177:66-73. [PMID: 29626500 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate network that provides structural and anchoring support to cells in order to stabilize cell morphology and tissue architecture. The ECM also controls many aspects of the cell's dynamic behavior and fate through its ongoing, bidirectional interaction with cells. These interactions between the cell and components of the surrounding ECM are implicated in several biological processes, including development and adult tissue repair in response to injury, throughout the lifespan of multiple species. The present review gives an overview of the growing evidence that cell-matrix interactions play a pivotal role in the aging process. The focus of the first part of the article is on recent studies using cell-derived decellularized ECM, which strongly suggest that age-related changes in the ECM induce cellular senescence, a well-recognized hallmark of aging. This is followed by a review of findings from genetic studies indicating that changes in genes involved in cell-ECM adhesion and matrix-mediated intracellular signaling cascades affect longevity. Finally, mention is made of novel data proposing an intricate interplay between cell-matrix interactions and the renin-angiotensin system that may have a significant impact on mammalian arterial stiffness with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 451-1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA.
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21
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Lemez S, Wattie N, Baker J. Do "big guys" really die younger? An examination of height and lifespan in former professional basketball players. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185617. [PMID: 28968418 PMCID: PMC5624604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While factors such as genetics may mediate the relationship between height and mortality, evidence suggests that larger body size may be an important risk indicator of reduced lifespan longevity in particular. This study critically examined this relationship in professional basketball players. We examined living and deceased players who have played in the National Basketball Association (debut between 1946-2010) and/or the American Basketball Association (1967-1976) using descriptive and Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. The cut-off date for death data collection was December 11, 2015. Overall, 3,901 living and deceased players were identified and had a mean height of 197.78 cm (± 9.29, Range: 160.02-231.14), and of those, 787 former players were identified as deceased with a mean height of 193.88 cm (± 8.83, Range: 167.6-228.6). Descriptive findings indicated that the tallest players (top 5%) died younger than the shortest players (bottom 5%) in all but one birth decade (1941-1950). Similarly, survival analyses showed a significant relationship between height and lifespan longevity when both dichotomizing [χ2 (1) = 13.04, p < .05] and trichotomizing [χ2 (2) = 18.05, p < .05] the predictor variable height per birth decade, where taller players had a significantly higher mortality risk compared to shorter players through median (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.13-1.50, p < .05) and trichotomized tertile split (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.18-1.68, p <. 05; tallest 33.3% compared to shortest 33.3%) analyses. The uniqueness of examining the height-longevity hypothesis in this relatively homogeneous sub-population should be considered when interpreting these results. Further understanding of the potential risks of early mortality can help generate discourse regarding potential at-risk cohorts of the athlete population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Lemez
- School of Kinesiology and Nutritional Science, California State University–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nick Wattie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Canada
| | - Joseph Baker
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
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22
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Ma W, Hagan KA, Heianza Y, Sun Q, Rimm EB, Qi L. Adult height, dietary patterns, and healthy aging. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:589-596. [PMID: 28592610 PMCID: PMC5525116 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.147256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adult height has shown directionally diverse associations with several age-related disorders, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, decline in cognitive function, and mortality.Objective: We investigated the associations of adult height with healthy aging measured by a full spectrum of health outcomes, including incidence of chronic diseases, memory, physical functioning, and mental health, among populations who have survived to older age, and whether lifestyle factors modified such relations.Design: We included 52,135 women (mean age: 44.2 y) from the Nurses' Health Study without chronic diseases in 1980 and whose health status was available in 2012. Healthy aging was defined as being free of 11 major chronic diseases and having no reported impairment of subjective memory, physical impairment, or mental health limitations.Results: Of all eligible study participants, 6877 (13.2%) were classified as healthy agers. After adjustment for demographic and lifestyle factors, we observed an 8% (95% CI: 6%, 11%) decrease in the odds of healthy aging per SD (0.062 m) increase in height. Compared with the lowest category of height (≤1.57 m), the OR of achieving healthy aging in the highest category (≥1.70 m) was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.87; P-trend < 0.001). In addition, we found a significant interaction of height with a prudent dietary pattern in relation to healthy aging (P-interaction = 0.005), and among the individual dietary factors characterizing the prudent dietary pattern, fruit and vegetable intake showed the strongest effect modification (P-interaction = 0.01). The association of greater height with reduced odds of healthy aging appeared to be more evident among women with higher adherence to the prudent dietary pattern rich in vegetable and fruit intake.Conclusions: Greater height was associated with a modest decrease in the likelihood of healthy aging. A prudent diet rich in fruit and vegetables might modify the relation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; and
| | - Qi Sun
- Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA;,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Departments of Epidemiology and,Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA;,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lu Qi
- Departments of Epidemiology and .,Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; and.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Mailhos A, Buunk AP, del Arca D. High intrasexual competition is related to inflated height reports in male junior soccer players. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Convergent adaptation of cellular machineries in the evolution of large body masses and long life spans. Biogerontology 2017; 18:485-497. [PMID: 28573417 PMCID: PMC5514201 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In evolutionary terms, life on the planet has taken the form of independently living cells for the majority of time. In comparison, the mammalian radiation is a relatively recent event. The common mammalian ancestor was probably small and short-lived. The “recent” acquisition of an extended longevity and large body mass of some species of mammals present on the earth today suggests the possibility that similar cellular mechanisms have been influenced by the forces of natural selection to create a convergent evolution of longevity. Many cellular mechanisms are potentially relevant for extending longevity; in this assay, we review the literature focusing primarily on two cellular features: (1) the capacity for extensive cellular proliferation of differentiated cells, while maintaining genome stability; and (2) the capacity to detect DNA damage. We have observed that longevity and body mass are both positively linked to these cellular mechanisms and then used statistical tools to evaluate their relative importance. Our analysis suggest that the capacity for extensive cellular proliferation while maintaining sufficient genome stability, correlates to species body mass while the capacity to correctly identify the presence of DNA damage seems more an attribute of long-lived species. Finally, our data are in support of the idea that a slower development, allowing for better DNA damage detection and handling, should associate with longer life span.
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Bogin B, Scheffler C, Hermanussen M. Global effects of income and income inequality on adult height and sexual dimorphism in height. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barry Bogin
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences; Loughborough University; LE11 3TU United Kingdom
| | - Christiane Scheffler
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie; Maulbeerallee 1 Potsdam 14469 Germany
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26
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Smeets CCJ, Codd V, Denniff M, Samani NJ, Hokken-Koelega ACS. Effects of size at birth, childhood growth patterns and growth hormone treatment on leukocyte telomere length. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171825. [PMID: 28178350 PMCID: PMC5298325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small size at birth and rapid growth in early life are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in later life. Short children born small for gestational age (SGA) are treated with growth hormone (GH), inducing catch-up in length. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a marker of biological age and shorter LTL is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether LTL is influenced by birth size, childhood growth and long-term GH treatment. METHODS We analyzed LTL in 545 young adults with differences in birth size and childhood growth patterns. Previously GH-treated young adults born SGA (SGA-GH) were compared to untreated short SGA (SGA-S), SGA with spontaneous catch-up to a normal body size (SGA-CU), and appropriate for gestational age with a normal body size (AGA-NS). LTL was measured using a quantitative PCR assay. RESULTS We found a positive association between birth length and LTL (p = 0.04), and a trend towards a positive association between birth weight and LTL (p = 0.08), after adjustments for gender, age, gestational age and adult body size. Weight gain during infancy and childhood and fat mass percentage were not associated with LTL. Female gender and gestational age were positively associated with LTL, and smoking negatively. After adjustments for gender, age and gestational age, SGA-GH had a similar LTL as SGA-S (p = 0.11), SGA-CU (p = 0.80), and AGA-NS (p = 0.30). CONCLUSIONS Larger size at birth is positively associated with LTL in young adulthood. Growth patterns during infancy and childhood are not associated with LTL. Previously GH-treated young adults born SGA have similar LTL as untreated short SGA, SGA with spontaneous catch-up and AGA born controls, indicating no adverse effects of GH-induced catch-up in height on LTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina C. J. Smeets
- Department of Pediatrics, subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Denniff
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Anita C. S. Hokken-Koelega
- Department of Pediatrics, subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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De Luca M, Crocco P, De Rango F, Passarino G, Rose G. Association of the Laminin, Alpha 5 (LAMA5) rs4925386 with height and longevity in an elderly population from Southern Italy. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 155:55-9. [PMID: 26968355 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies in animal models and humans suggest that reduced growth and adult stature are associated with lifespan extension. Moreover, epidemiological studies reported a positive association between adult height and risk of multiple cancers. Yet, it is unclear which factors mediate these relationships. Laminins are major components of the basement membranes and cooperate with growth factors and matrix-dependent receptors in cell proliferation and differentiation. Previously, we reported the association of rs659822-C/T in LAMA5, encoding the laminin-α5 chain, with weight and height in a cohort of healthy 64-107 aged Italian individuals. Notably, two independent meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies found the C-allele of LAMA5 rs4925386-C/T correlated with the risk of colorectal cancer. We tested additional SNPs within the LAMA5 gene for association with anthropometric traits and longevity in our cohort of elderly subjects (N=624). Under an additive model, the rs2427283-C allele (P=0.02) and the rs4925386-T allele (P=0.01) were associated with shorter stature. Age-stratified analyses showed that the rs4925386-T allele was also positively associated with longevity (P=0.001). The association of LAMA5 rs4925386 alleles with both inter-individual differences in height and in longevity suggests that laminins may be among the factors linking stature and cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Paolina Crocco
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Francesco De Rango
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rose
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy.
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Samaras TT. Health Risks of Higher Birth Weight, Rapid Growth, Early Maturation and Taller Height. WOMEN’S HEALTH BULLETIN 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/whb-26805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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