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Pramotton FM, Spitz S, Kamm RD. Challenges and Future Perspectives in Modeling Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Organ-on-a-Chip Technology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403892. [PMID: 38922799 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) affect more than 50 million people worldwide, posing a significant global health challenge as well as a high socioeconomic burden. With aging constituting one of the main risk factors for some NDDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), this societal toll is expected to rise considering the predicted increase in the aging population as well as the limited progress in the development of effective therapeutics. To address the high failure rates in clinical trials, legislative changes permitting the use of alternatives to traditional pre-clinical in vivo models are implemented. In this regard, microphysiological systems (MPS) such as organ-on-a-chip (OoC) platforms constitute a promising tool, due to their ability to mimic complex and human-specific tissue niches in vitro. This review summarizes the current progress in modeling NDDs using OoC technology and discusses five critical aspects still insufficiently addressed in OoC models to date. Taking these aspects into consideration in the future MPS will advance the modeling of NDDs in vitro and increase their translational value in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Michela Pramotton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Cheong JH, Qiu X, Liu Y, Krach E, Guo Y, Bhusal S, Schüttler HB, Arnold J, Mao L. The clock in growing hyphae and their synchronization in Neurospora crassa. Commun Biol 2024; 7:735. [PMID: 38890525 PMCID: PMC11189396 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing a microfluidic chip with serpentine channels, we inoculated the chip with an agar plug with Neurospora crassa mycelium and successfully captured individual hyphae in channels. For the first time, we report the presence of an autonomous clock in hyphae. Fluorescence of a mCherry reporter gene driven by a clock-controlled gene-2 promoter (ccg-2p) was measured simultaneously along hyphae every half an hour for at least 6 days. We entrained single hyphae to light over a wide range of day lengths, including 6,12, 24, and 36 h days. Hyphae tracked in individual serpentine channels were highly synchronized (K = 0.60-0.78). Furthermore, hyphae also displayed temperature compensation properties, where the oscillation period was stable over a physiological range of temperatures from 24 °C to 30 °C (Q10 = 1.00-1.10). A Clock Tube Model developed could mimic hyphal growth observed in the serpentine chip and provides a mechanism for the stable banding patterns seen in race tubes at the macroscopic scale and synchronization through molecules riding the growth wave in the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hwei Cheong
- Chemistry Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Chemistry Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Emily Krach
- Genetics Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Yinping Guo
- Genetics Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Shishir Bhusal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Arnold
- Genetics Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Leidong Mao
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Porkoláb G, Mészáros M, Szecskó A, Vigh JP, Walter FR, Figueiredo R, Kálomista I, Hoyk Z, Vizsnyiczai G, Gróf I, Jan JS, Gosselet F, Pirity MK, Vastag M, Hudson N, Campbell M, Veszelka S, Deli MA. Synergistic induction of blood-brain barrier properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316006121. [PMID: 38748577 PMCID: PMC11126970 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316006121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) models derived from human stem cells are powerful tools to improve our understanding of cerebrovascular diseases and to facilitate drug development for the human brain. Yet providing stem cell-derived endothelial cells with the right signaling cues to acquire BBB characteristics while also retaining their vascular identity remains challenging. Here, we show that the simultaneous activation of cyclic AMP and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inhibition of the TGF-β pathway in endothelial cells robustly induce BBB properties in vitro. To target this interaction, we present a small-molecule cocktail named cARLA, which synergistically enhances barrier tightness in a range of BBB models across species. Mechanistically, we reveal that the three pathways converge on Wnt/β-catenin signaling to mediate the effect of cARLA via the tight junction protein claudin-5. We demonstrate that cARLA shifts the gene expressional profile of human stem cell-derived endothelial cells toward the in vivo brain endothelial signature, with a higher glycocalyx density and efflux pump activity, lower rates of endocytosis, and a characteristic endothelial response to proinflammatory cytokines. Finally, we illustrate how cARLA can improve the predictive value of human BBB models regarding the brain penetration of drugs and targeted nanoparticles. Due to its synergistic effect, high reproducibility, and ease of use, cARLA has the potential to advance drug development for the human brain by improving BBB models across laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Porkoláb
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Research Network, SzegedH-6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, SzegedH-6720, Hungary
| | - Mária Mészáros
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Research Network, SzegedH-6726, Hungary
| | - Anikó Szecskó
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Research Network, SzegedH-6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, SzegedH-6720, Hungary
| | - Judit P. Vigh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Research Network, SzegedH-6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, SzegedH-6720, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R. Walter
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Research Network, SzegedH-6726, Hungary
| | | | - Ildikó Kálomista
- In Vitro Metabolism Laboratory, Gedeon Richter, BudapestH-1103, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Hoyk
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Research Network, SzegedH-6726, Hungary
| | - Gaszton Vizsnyiczai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Research Network, SzegedH-6726, Hungary
| | - Ilona Gróf
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Research Network, SzegedH-6726, Hungary
| | - Jeng-Shiung Jan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan70101, Taiwan
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la Barriére Hémato-Encéphalique, Université d’Artois, Lens62307, France
| | - Melinda K. Pirity
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Research Network, SzegedH-6726, Hungary
| | - Monika Vastag
- In Vitro Metabolism Laboratory, Gedeon Richter, BudapestH-1103, Hungary
| | - Natalie Hudson
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, DublinD02 VF25, Ireland
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, DublinD02 VF25, Ireland
| | - Szilvia Veszelka
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Research Network, SzegedH-6726, Hungary
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Research Network, SzegedH-6726, Hungary
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Ahmad D, Linares I, Pietropaoli A, Waugh RE, McGrath JL. Sided Stimulation of Endothelial Cells Modulates Neutrophil Trafficking in an In Vitro Sepsis Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304338. [PMID: 38547536 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
While the role of dysregulated polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) transmigration in septic mediated tissue damage is well documented, strategies to mitigate aberrant transmigration across endothelium have yet to yield viable therapeutics. Recently, microphysiological systems (MPS) have emerged as novel in vitro mimetics that facilitate the development of human models of disease. With this advancement, aspects of endothelial physiology that are difficult to assess with other models can be directly probed. In this study, the role of endothelial cell (EC) apicobasal polarity on leukocyte trafficking response is evaluated with the µSiM-MVM (microphysiological system enabled by a silicon membrane - microvascular mimetic). Here, ECs are stimulated either apically or basally with a cytokine cocktail to model a septic-like challenge before introducing healthy donor PMNs into the device. Basally oriented stimulation generated a stronger PMN transmigratory response versus apical stimulation. Importantly, healthy PMNs are unable to migrate towards a bacterial peptide chemoattractant when ECs are apically stimulated, which mimics the attenuated PMN chemotaxis seen in sepsis. Escalating the apical inflammatory stimulus by a factor of five is necessary to elicit high PMN transmigration levels across endothelium. These results demonstrate that EC apicobasal polarity modulates PMN transmigratory behavior and provides insight into the mechanisms underlying sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Isabelle Linares
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Anthony Pietropaoli
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care at the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Richard E Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
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Deli MA, Porkoláb G, Kincses A, Mészáros M, Szecskó A, Kocsis AE, Vigh JP, Valkai S, Veszelka S, Walter FR, Dér A. Lab-on-a-chip models of the blood-brain barrier: evolution, problems, perspectives. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1030-1063. [PMID: 38353254 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00996c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A great progress has been made in the development and use of lab-on-a-chip devices to model and study the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the last decade. We present the main types of BBB-on-chip models and their use for the investigation of BBB physiology, drug and nanoparticle transport, toxicology and pathology. The selection of the appropriate cell types to be integrated into BBB-on-chip devices is discussed, as this greatly impacts the physiological relevance and translatability of findings. We identify knowledge gaps, neglected engineering and cell biological aspects and point out problems and contradictions in the literature of BBB-on-chip models, and suggest areas for further studies to progress this highly interdisciplinary field. BBB-on-chip models have an exceptional potential as predictive tools and alternatives of animal experiments in basic and preclinical research. To exploit the full potential of this technique expertise from materials science, bioengineering as well as stem cell and vascular/BBB biology is necessary. There is a need for better integration of these diverse disciplines that can only be achieved by setting clear parameters for characterizing both the chip and the BBB model parts technically and functionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária A Deli
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gergő Porkoláb
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Szeged, Hungary.
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Kincses
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Mária Mészáros
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Anikó Szecskó
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Szeged, Hungary.
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna E Kocsis
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Judit P Vigh
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Szeged, Hungary.
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Valkai
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Szilvia Veszelka
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Fruzsina R Walter
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - András Dér
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Szeged, Hungary.
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Devinney MJ, Berger M. Reply to "A Letter Concerning a Role for Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Delirium following Noncardiac Surgery in Older Adults". Ann Neurol 2024; 95:411-413. [PMID: 37994239 PMCID: PMC11225806 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Devinney
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Miles Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Awad H, Ajalik R, Alenchery R, Linares I, Wright T, Miller B, McGrath J. Human tendon-on-a-chip for modeling vascular inflammatory fibrosis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3722255. [PMID: 38168335 PMCID: PMC10760304 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3722255/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding vascular inflammation and myofibroblast crosstalk is critical to developing therapies for fibrotic diseases. Here we report the development of a novel human Tendon-on-a-Chip (hToC) to model this crosstalk in peritendinous adhesions, a debilitating fibrotic condition affecting flexor tendon, which currently lacks biological therapies. The hToC enables cellular and paracrine interactions between a vascular compartment harboring endothelial cells and monocytes with a tissue hydrogel compartment containing tendon fibroblasts and macrophages. We find that the hToC replicates in vivo inflammatory and fibrotic phenotypes in preclinical and clinical samples, including myofibroblast differentiation and tissue contraction, excessive ECM deposition, and inflammatory cytokines secretion. We further show that the fibrotic phenotypes are driven by the transmigration of monocytes from the vascular to the tissue compartments of the chip. We demonstrate significant overlap in fibrotic transcriptional signatures in the hToC with human tenolysis samples, including mTOR signaling, a regulatory nexus of fibrosis across various organs. Treatment with rapamycin suppressed the fibrotic phenotype on the hToC, which validates the hToC as a preclinical alternative for investigating fibrosis and testing therapeutics.
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8
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Kwee BJ, Li X, Nguyen XX, Campagna C, Lam J, Sung KE. Modeling immunity in microphysiological systems. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2001-2019. [PMID: 38166397 PMCID: PMC10800123 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231215897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a need for better predictive models of the human immune system to evaluate safety and efficacy of immunomodulatory drugs and biologics for successful product development and regulatory approvals. Current in vitro models, which are often tested in two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture polystyrene, and preclinical animal models fail to fully recapitulate the function and physiology of the human immune system. Microphysiological systems (MPSs) that can model key microenvironment cues of the human immune system, as well as of specific organs and tissues, may be able to recapitulate specific features of the in vivo inflammatory response. This minireview provides an overview of MPS for modeling lymphatic tissues, immunity at tissue interfaces, inflammatory diseases, and the inflammatory tumor microenvironment in vitro and ex vivo. Broadly, these systems have utility in modeling how certain immunotherapies function in vivo, how dysfunctional immune responses can propagate diseases, and how our immune system can combat pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Kwee
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Xinh-Xinh Nguyen
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Courtney Campagna
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Johnny Lam
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kyung E Sung
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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Graybill PM, Jacobs EJ, Jana A, Agashe A, Nain AS, Davalos RV. Ultra-thin and ultra-porous nanofiber networks as a basement-membrane mimic. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4565-4578. [PMID: 37772328 PMCID: PMC10623910 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00304c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Current basement membrane (BM) mimics used for modeling endothelial and epithelial barriers in vitro do not faithfully recapitulate key in vivo physiological properties such as BM thickness, porosity, stiffness, and fibrous composition. Here, we use networks of precisely arranged nanofibers to form ultra-thin (∼3 μm thick) and ultra-porous (∼90%) BM mimics for blood-brain barrier modeling. We show that these nanofiber networks enable close contact between endothelial monolayers and pericytes across the membrane, which are known to regulate barrier tightness. Cytoskeletal staining and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements reveal barrier formation on nanofiber membranes integrated within microfluidic devices and transwell inserts. Further, significantly higher TEER values indicate a biological benefit for co-cultures formed on the ultra-thin nanofiber membranes. Our BM mimic overcomes critical technological challenges in forming co-cultures that are in proximity and facilitate cell-cell contact, while still being constrained to their respective sides. We anticipate that our nanofiber networks will find applications in drug discovery, cell migration, and barrier dysfunction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Graybill
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Edward J Jacobs
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Aniket Jana
- Spinneret-Based Tunable Engineering Parameters (STEP) Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Atharva Agashe
- Spinneret-Based Tunable Engineering Parameters (STEP) Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Amrinder S Nain
- Spinneret-Based Tunable Engineering Parameters (STEP) Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Floryanzia SD, Nance E. Applications and Considerations for Microfluidic Systems To Model the Blood-Brain Barrier. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3617-3632. [PMID: 37582179 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
In a myriad of developmental and degenerative brain diseases, characteristic pathological biomarkers are often associated with cerebral blood flow and vasculature. However, the relationship between vascular dysfunction and markers of brain disease is not well-defined. Additionally, it is difficult to deliver effective therapeutics to the brain due to the highly regulated blood-brain barrier (BBB) at the microvasculature interface of the brain. This Review first covers the need for modeling the BBB and the challenges of modeling the BBB. In vitro models of the BBB enable the study of the relationship between vascular dysfunction, BBB function, and disease progression and can serve as a platform to screen therapeutics. In particular, microfluidic-based in vitro BBB models are useful for studying brain vasculature as they support cell culture within the presence of continuous perfusion, which mirrors the in vivo flow and associated stress conditions in the brain. Early microfluidic models of the BBB created the most simplistic models possible that still displayed some functional aspects of the in vivo BBB. Therefore, this Review also discusses the emerging unique ways in which microfluidics in tandem with recent advancements in cell culture, biomaterials, and in vitro modeling can be used to develop more complex and physiologically relevant models of the BBB. Finally, we discuss the current and future state-of-the-art application of microfluidic BBB models for drug development and disease modeling, and the ongoing areas of needed innovation in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney D Floryanzia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Elizabeth Nance
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Lyck R, Nishihara H, Aydin S, Soldati S, Engelhardt B. Modeling Brain Vasculature Immune Interactions In Vitro. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041185. [PMID: 36617644 PMCID: PMC10513158 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects central nervous system (CNS) neurons from the changeable milieu of the bloodstream by strictly controlling the movement of molecules and immune cells between the blood and the CNS. Immune cell migration across the vascular wall is a multistep process regulated by the sequential interaction of different signaling and adhesion molecules on the endothelium and the immune cells. Accounting for its unique barrier properties and trafficking molecule expression profile, particular adaptions in immune cell migration across the BBB have been observed. Thus, in vitro models of the BBB are desirable to explore the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in immune cell trafficking across the BBB. The challenge to overcome is that barrier properties of brain microvascular endothelial cells are not intrinsic and readily lost in culture. With a focus on human in vitro BBB models, we here discuss the suitability of available in vitro models for the BBB for exploring the specific mechanisms involved in immune cell trafficking across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Lyck
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hideaki Nishihara
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sidar Aydin
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Soldati S, Bär A, Vladymyrov M, Glavin D, McGrath JL, Gosselet F, Nishihara H, Goelz S, Engelhardt B. High levels of endothelial ICAM-1 prohibit natalizumab mediated abrogation of CD4 + T cell arrest on the inflamed BBB under flow in vitro. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:123. [PMID: 37221552 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The humanized anti-α4 integrin blocking antibody natalizumab (NTZ) is an effective treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) that is associated with the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). While extended interval dosing (EID) of NTZ reduces the risk for PML, the minimal dose of NTZ required to maintain its therapeutic efficacy remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Here we aimed to identify the minimal NTZ concentration required to inhibit the arrest of human effector/memory CD4+ T cell subsets or of PBMCs to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) under physiological flow in vitro. RESULTS Making use of three different human in vitro BBB models and in vitro live-cell imaging we observed that NTZ mediated inhibition of α4-integrins failed to abrogate T cell arrest to the inflamed BBB under physiological flow. Complete inhibition of shear resistant T cell arrest required additional inhibition of β2-integrins, which correlated with a strong upregulation of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 on the respective BBB models investigated. Indeed, NTZ mediated inhibition of shear resistant T cell arrest to combinations of immobilized recombinant vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and ICAM-1 was abrogated in the presence of tenfold higher molar concentrations of ICAM-1 over VCAM-1. Also, monovalent NTZ was less potent than bivalent NTZ in inhibiting T cell arrest to VCAM-1 under physiological flow. In accordance with our previous observations ICAM-1 but not VCAM-1 mediated T cell crawling against the direction of flow. CONCLUSION Taken together, our in vitro observations show that high levels of endothelial ICAM-1 abrogate NTZ mediated inhibition of T cell interaction with the BBB. EID of NTZ in MS patients may thus require consideration of the inflammatory status of the BBB as high levels of ICAM-1 may provide an alternative molecular cue allowing for pathogenic T cell entry into the CNS in the presence of NTZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Bär
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mykhailo Vladymyrov
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dale Glavin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, University of Artois, Lens, France
| | - Hideaki Nishihara
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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Mármol I, Abizanda-Campo S, Ayuso JM, Ochoa I, Oliván S. Towards Novel Biomimetic In Vitro Models of the Blood-Brain Barrier for Drug Permeability Evaluation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050572. [PMID: 37237642 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Current available animal and in vitro cell-based models for studying brain-related pathologies and drug evaluation face several limitations since they are unable to reproduce the unique architecture and physiology of the human blood-brain barrier. Because of that, promising preclinical drug candidates often fail in clinical trials due to their inability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, novel models that allow us to successfully predict drug permeability through the BBB would accelerate the implementation of much-needed therapies for glioblastoma, Alzheimer's disease, and further disorders. In line with this, organ-on-chip models of the BBB are an interesting alternative to traditional models. These microfluidic models provide the necessary support to recreate the architecture of the BBB and mimic the fluidic conditions of the cerebral microvasculature. Herein, the most recent advances in organ-on-chip models for the BBB are reviewed, focusing on their potential to provide robust and reliable data regarding drug candidate ability to reach the brain parenchyma. We point out recent achievements and challenges to overcome in order to advance in more biomimetic in vitro experimental models based on OOO technology. The minimum requirements that should be met to be considered biomimetic (cellular types, fluid flow, and tissular architecture), and consequently, a solid alternative to in vitro traditional models or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Mármol
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Abizanda-Campo
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jose M Ayuso
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Oliván
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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14
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Hudecz D, McCloskey MC, Vergo S, Christensen S, McGrath JL, Nielsen MS. Modelling a Human Blood-Brain Barrier Co-Culture Using an Ultrathin Silicon Nitride Membrane-Based Microfluidic Device. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5624. [PMID: 36982697 PMCID: PMC10058651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the vesicular trafficking of receptors and receptor ligands in the brain capillary endothelium is essential for the development of the next generations of biologics targeting neurodegenerative diseases. Such complex biological questions are often approached by in vitro models in combination with various techniques. Here, we present the development of a stem cell-based human in vitro blood-brain barrier model composed of induced brain microvascular endothelial cells (iBMECs) on the modular µSiM (a microdevice featuring a silicon nitride membrane) platform. The µSiM was equipped with a 100 nm thick nanoporous silicon nitride membrane with glass-like imaging quality that allowed the use of high-resolution in situ imaging to study the intracellular trafficking. As a proof-of-concept experiment, we investigated the trafficking of two monoclonal antibodies (mAb): an anti-human transferrin receptor mAb (15G11) and an anti-basigin mAb (#52) using the µSiM-iBMEC-human astrocyte model. Our results demonstrated effective endothelial uptake of the selected antibodies; however, no significant transcytosis was observed when the barrier was tight. In contrast, when the iBMECs did not form a confluent barrier on the µSiM, the antibodies accumulated inside both the iBMECs and astrocytes, demonstrating that the cells have an active endocytic and subcellular sorting machinery and that the µSiM itself does not hinder antibody transport. In conclusion, our µSiM-iBMEC-human astrocyte model provides a tight barrier with endothelial-like cells, which can be used for high-resolution in situ imaging and for studying receptor-mediated transport and transcytosis in a physiological barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hudecz
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Molly C. McCloskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Sandra Vergo
- Biotherapeutic Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Christensen
- Biotherapeutic Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James L. McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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15
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Su SH, Song Y, Stephens A, Situ M, McCloskey MC, McGrath JL, Andjelkovic AV, Singer BH, Kurabayashi K. A tissue chip with integrated digital immunosensors: In situ brain endothelial barrier cytokine secretion monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 224:115030. [PMID: 36603283 PMCID: PMC10401069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip platforms have potential to offer more cost-effective, ethical, and human-resembling models than animal models for disease study and drug discovery. Particularly, the Blood-Brain-Barrier-on-a-chip (BBB-oC) has emerged as a promising tool to investigate several neurological disorders since it promises to provide a model of the multifunctional tissue working as an important node to control pathogen entry, drug delivery and neuroinflammation. A comprehensive understanding of the multiple physiological functions of the tissue model requires biosensors detecting several tissue-secreted substances in a BBB-oC system. However, current sensor-integrated BBB-oC platforms are only available for tissue membrane integrity characterization based on permeability measurement. Protein secretory pathways are closely associated with the tissue's various diseased conditions. At present, no biosensor-integrated BBB-oC platform exists that permits in situ tissue protein secretion analysis over time, which prohibits researchers from fully understanding the time-evolving pathology of a tissue barrier. Herein, the authors present a platform named "Digital Tissue-BArrier-CytoKine-counting-on-a-chip (DigiTACK)," which integrates digital immunosensors into a tissue chip system and demonstrates on-chip multiplexed, ultrasensitive, longitudinal cytokine secretion profiling of cultured brain endothelial barrier tissues. The integrated digital sensors utilize a novel beadless microwell format to perform an ultrafast "digital fingerprinting" of the analytes while achieving a low limit of detection (LoD) around 100-500 fg/mL for mouse MCP1 (CCL2), IL-6 and KC (CXCL1). The DigiTACK platform is extensively applicable to profile temporal cytokine secretion of other barrier-related organ-on-a-chip systems and can provide new insight into the secretory dynamics of the BBB by sequentially controlled experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiuan-Haur Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yujing Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrew Stephens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Muyu Situ
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Molly C McCloskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Anuska V Andjelkovic
- Department of Pathology and Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin H Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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16
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Targeting Human Endothelial Cells with Glutathione and Alanine Increases the Crossing of a Polypeptide Nanocarrier through a Blood-Brain Barrier Model and Entry to Human Brain Organoids. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030503. [PMID: 36766845 PMCID: PMC9914642 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are the focus of research efforts that aim to develop successful drug delivery systems for the brain. Polypeptide nanocarriers are versatile platforms and combine high functionality with good biocompatibility and biodegradability. The key to the efficient brain delivery of NPs is the specific targeting of cerebral endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We have previously discovered that the combination of two different ligands of BBB nutrient transporters, alanine and glutathione, increases the permeability of vesicular NPs across the BBB. Our aim here was to investigate whether the combination of these molecules can also promote the efficient transfer of 3-armed poly(l-glutamic acid) NPs across a human endothelial cell and brain pericyte BBB co-culture model. Alanine and glutathione dual-targeted polypeptide NPs showed good cytocompatibility and elevated cellular uptake in a time-dependent and active manner. Targeted NPs had a higher permeability across the BBB model and could subsequently enter midbrain-like organoids derived from healthy and Parkinson's disease patient-specific stem cells. These results indicate that poly(l-glutamic acid) NPs can be used as nanocarriers for nervous system application and that the right combination of molecules that target cerebral endothelial cells, in this case alanine and glutathione, can facilitate drug delivery to the brain.
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17
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Advances in cell coculture membranes recapitulating in vivo microenvironments. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:214-227. [PMID: 36030108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Porous membranes play a critical role in in vitro heterogeneous cell coculture systems because they recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment to mediate physical and biochemical crosstalk between cells. While the conventionally available Transwell® system has been widely used for heterogeneous cell coculture, there are drawbacks to precise control over cell-cell interactions and separation for implantation. The size and numbers of the pores and the thickness of the porous membranes are crucial in determining the efficiency of paracrine signaling and direct junctions between cocultured cells, and significantly impact on the performance of heterogeneous cell cultures. These opportunities and challenges have motivated the design of advanced coculture platforms through improvement of the structural and functional properties of porous membranes.
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18
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Cognetti JS, Moen MT, Brewer MG, Bryan MR, Tice JD, McGrath JL, Miller BL. A photonic biosensor-integrated tissue chip platform for real-time sensing of lung epithelial inflammatory markers. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:239-250. [PMID: 36594179 PMCID: PMC10311125 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00864e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue chip (TC) devices, also known as microphysiological systems (MPS) or organ chips (OCs or OoCs), seek to mimic human physiology on a small scale. They are intended to improve upon animal models in terms of reproducibility and human relevance, at a lower monetary and ethical cost. Virtually all TC systems are analyzed at an endpoint, leading to widespread recognition that new methods are needed to enable sensing of specific biomolecules in real time, as they are being produced by the cells. To address this need, we incorporated photonic biosensors for inflammatory cytokines into a model TC. Human bronchial epithelial cells seeded in a microfluidic device were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, and the cytokines secreted in response sensed in real time. Sensing analyte transport through the TC in response to disruption of tissue barrier was also demonstrated. This work demonstrates the first application of photonic sensors to a human TC device, and will enable new applications in drug development and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Cognetti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Maya T Moen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Matthew G Brewer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Michael R Bryan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
- Program in Materials Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Benjamin L Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Program in Materials Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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19
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Cai Y, Fan K, Lin J, Ma L, Li F. Advances in BBB on Chip and Application for Studying Reversible Opening of Blood-Brain Barrier by Sonoporation. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:112. [PMID: 36677173 PMCID: PMC9861620 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The complex structure of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which blocks nearly all large biomolecules, hinders drug delivery to the brain and drug assessment, thus decelerating drug development. Conventional in vitro models of BBB cannot mimic some crucial features of BBB in vivo including a shear stress environment and the interaction between different types of cells. There is a great demand for a new in vitro platform of BBB that can be used for drug delivery studies. Compared with in vivo models, an in vitro platform has the merits of low cost, shorter test period, and simplicity of operation. Microfluidic technology and microfabrication are good tools in rebuilding the BBB in vitro. During the past decade, great efforts have been made to improve BBB penetration for drug delivery using biochemical or physical stimuli. In particular, compared with other drug delivery strategies, sonoporation is more attractive due to its minimized systemic exposure, high efficiency, controllability, and reversible manner. BBB on chips (BOC) holds great promise when combined with sonoporation. More details and mechanisms such as trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements and dynamic opening of tight junctions can be figured out when using sonoporation stimulating BOC, which will be of great benefit for drug development. Herein, we discuss the recent advances in BOC and sonoporation for BBB disruption with this in vitro platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Cai
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen 518107, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kexin Fan
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Jiawei Lin
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fenfang Li
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen 518107, China
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20
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Nishihara H, Perriot S, Gastfriend BD, Steinfort M, Cibien C, Soldati S, Matsuo K, Guimbal S, Mathias A, Palecek SP, Shusta EV, Pasquier RD, Engelhardt B. Intrinsic blood-brain barrier dysfunction contributes to multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. Brain 2022; 145:4334-4348. [PMID: 35085379 PMCID: PMC10200307 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and immune cell infiltration into the CNS are early hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). The mechanisms leading to BBB dysfunction are incompletely understood and generally thought to be a consequence of neuroinflammation. Here, we have challenged this view and asked if intrinsic alterations in the BBB of MS patients contribute to MS pathogenesis. To this end, we made use of human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from healthy controls and MS patients and differentiated them into brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC)-like cells as in vitro model of the BBB. MS-derived BMEC-like cells showed impaired junctional integrity, barrier properties and efflux pump activity when compared to healthy controls. Also, MS-derived BMEC-like cells displayed an inflammatory phenotype with increased adhesion molecule expression and immune cell interactions. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in MS-derived endothelial progenitor cells enhanced barrier characteristics and reduced the inflammatory phenotype. Our study provides evidence for an intrinsic impairment of BBB function in MS patients that can be modelled in vitro. Human iPSC-derived BMEC-like cells are thus suitable to explore the molecular underpinnings of BBB dysfunction in MS and will assist in the identification of potential novel therapeutic targets for BBB stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nishihara
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Perriot
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Gastfriend
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marel Steinfort
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Celine Cibien
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kinya Matsuo
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Guimbal
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Mathias
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Renaud Du Pasquier
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Quantitative Targeted Absolute Proteomics for Better Characterization of an In Vitro Human Blood-Brain Barrier Model Derived from Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243963. [PMID: 36552728 PMCID: PMC9776576 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously developed an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) based on the use of endothelial cells derived from CD34+-hematopoietic stem cells and cultured with brain pericytes. The purpose of the present study was to provide information on the protein expression levels of the transporters, receptors, tight junction/adherence junction molecules, and transporter-associated molecules of human brain-like endothelial cells (hBLECs). The absolute protein expression levels were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantitative targeted absolute proteomics and compared with those from human brain microvessels (hBMVs). The protein levels of CD144, CD147, MRP4, Annexin A6 and caveolin-1 showed more than 3-fold abundance in hBLECs, those of MCT1, Connexin 43, TfR1, and claudin-5 showed less than 3-fold differences, and the protein levels of other drug efflux transporters and nutrient transporters were less represented in hBLECs than in hBMVs. It is noteworthy that BCRP was more expressed than MDR1 in hBLECs, as this was the case for hBMVs. These results suggest that transports mediated by MCT1, TfR1, and claudin-5-related tight junction function reflect the in vivo BBB situation. The present study provided a better characterization of hBLECs and clarified the equivalence of the transport characteristics between in vitro BBB models and in vivo BBB models using LC-MS/MS-based protein quantification.
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22
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Mansouri M, Ahmed A, Ahmad SD, McCloskey MC, Joshi IM, Gaborski TR, Waugh RE, McGrath JL, Day SW, Abhyankar VV. The Modular µSiM Reconfigured: Integration of Microfluidic Capabilities to Study In Vitro Barrier Tissue Models under Flow. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200802. [PMID: 35953453 PMCID: PMC9798530 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic tissue barrier models have emerged to address the lack of physiological fluid flow in conventional "open-well" Transwell-like devices. However, microfluidic techniques have not achieved widespread usage in bioscience laboratories because they are not fully compatible with traditional experimental protocols. To advance barrier tissue research, there is a need for a platform that combines the key advantages of both conventional open-well and microfluidic systems. Here, a plug-and-play flow module is developed to introduce on-demand microfluidic flow capabilities to an open-well device that features a nanoporous membrane and live-cell imaging capabilities. The magnetic latching assembly of this design enables bi-directional reconfiguration and allows users to conduct an experiment in an open-well format with established protocols and then add or remove microfluidic capabilities as desired. This work also provides an experimentally-validated flow model to select flow conditions based on the experimental needs. As a proof-of-concept, flow-induced alignment of endothelial cells and the expression of shear-sensitive gene targets are demonstrated, and the different phases of neutrophil transmigration across a chemically stimulated endothelial monolayer under flow conditions are visualized. With these experimental capabilities, it is anticipated that both engineering and bioscience laboratories will adopt this reconfigurable design due to the compatibility with standard open-well protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Mansouri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Adeel Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - S. Danial Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Molly C. McCloskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Indranil M. Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Thomas R. Gaborski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Richard E. Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - James L. McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Steven W. Day
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Vinay V. Abhyankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
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23
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McCloskey MC, Zhang VZ, Ahmad SD, Walker S, Romanick SS, Awad HA, McGrath JL. Sourcing cells for in vitro models of human vascular barriers of inflammation. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:979768. [PMID: 36483299 PMCID: PMC9724237 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.979768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular system plays a critical role in the progression and resolution of inflammation. The contributions of the vascular endothelium to these processes, however, vary with tissue and disease state. Recently, tissue chip models have emerged as promising tools to understand human disease and for the development of personalized medicine approaches. Inclusion of a vascular component within these platforms is critical for properly evaluating most diseases, but many models to date use "generic" endothelial cells, which can preclude the identification of biomedically meaningful pathways and mechanisms. As the knowledge of vascular heterogeneity and immune cell trafficking throughout the body advances, tissue chip models should also advance to incorporate tissue-specific cells where possible. Here, we discuss the known heterogeneity of leukocyte trafficking in vascular beds of some commonly modeled tissues. We comment on the availability of different tissue-specific cell sources for endothelial cells and pericytes, with a focus on stem cell sources for the full realization of personalized medicine. We discuss sources available for the immune cells needed to model inflammatory processes and the findings of tissue chip models that have used the cells to studying transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C. McCloskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Victor Z. Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - S. Danial Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Samuel Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Samantha S. Romanick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Hani A. Awad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - James L. McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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24
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McCloskey MC, Kasap P, Ahmad SD, Su SH, Chen K, Mansouri M, Ramesh N, Nishihara H, Belyaev Y, Abhyankar VV, Begolo S, Singer BH, Webb KF, Kurabayashi K, Flax J, Waugh RE, Engelhardt B, McGrath JL. The Modular µSiM: A Mass Produced, Rapidly Assembled, and Reconfigurable Platform for the Study of Barrier Tissue Models In Vitro. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200804. [PMID: 35899801 PMCID: PMC9580267 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advanced in vitro tissue chip models can reduce and replace animal experimentation and may eventually support "on-chip" clinical trials. To realize this potential, however, tissue chip platforms must be both mass-produced and reconfigurable to allow for customized design. To address these unmet needs, an extension of the µSiM (microdevice featuring a silicon-nitride membrane) platform is introduced. The modular µSiM (m-µSiM) uses mass-produced components to enable rapid assembly and reconfiguration by laboratories without knowledge of microfabrication. The utility of the m-µSiM is demonstrated by establishing an hiPSC-derived blood-brain barrier (BBB) in bioengineering and nonengineering, brain barriers focused laboratories. In situ and sampling-based assays of small molecule diffusion are developed and validated as a measure of barrier function. BBB properties show excellent interlaboratory agreement and match expectations from literature, validating the m-µSiM as a platform for barrier models and demonstrating successful dissemination of components and protocols. The ability to quickly reconfigure the m-µSiM for coculture and immune cell transmigration studies through addition of accessories and/or quick exchange of components is then demonstrated. Because the development of modified components and accessories is easily achieved, custom designs of the m-µSiM shall be accessible to any laboratory desiring a barrier-style tissue chip platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C McCloskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Pelin Kasap
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - S Danial Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Shiuan-Haur Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Mehran Mansouri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Natalie Ramesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Hideaki Nishihara
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Yury Belyaev
- Microscopy Imaging Center, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Vinay V Abhyankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | | | - Benjamin H Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kevin F Webb
- Optics & Photonics Research Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jonathan Flax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Richard E Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
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25
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Simöes Da Gama C, Morin-Brureau M. Study of BBB Dysregulation in Neuropathogenicity Using Integrative Human Model of Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:863836. [PMID: 35755780 PMCID: PMC9226644 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.863836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a cellular and physical barrier with a crucial role in homeostasis of the brain extracellular environment. It controls the imports of nutrients to the brain and exports toxins and pathogens. Dysregulation of the blood-brain barrier increases permeability and contributes to pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and ischemia. It remains unclear how a dysregulated BBB contributes to these different syndromes. Initial studies on the role of the BBB in neurological disorders and also techniques to permit the entry of therapeutic molecules were made in animals. This review examines progress in the use of human models of the BBB, more relevant to human neurological disorders. In recent years, the functionality and complexity of in vitro BBB models have increased. Initial efforts consisted of static transwell cultures of brain endothelial cells. Human cell models based on microfluidics or organoids derived from human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells have become more realistic and perform better. We consider the architecture of different model generations as well as the cell types used in their fabrication. Finally, we discuss optimal models to study neurodegenerative diseases, brain glioma, epilepsies, transmigration of peripheral immune cells, and brain entry of neurotrophic viruses and metastatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraly Simöes Da Gama
- Inserm, Sorbonne University, UMRS 938 Saint-Antoine Research Center, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Morin-Brureau
- Inserm, Sorbonne University, UMRS 938 Saint-Antoine Research Center, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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26
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Lucas K, Oh J, Hoelzl J, Weissleder R. Cellular point-of-care diagnostics using an inexpensive layer-stack microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2145-2154. [PMID: 35514273 PMCID: PMC9214713 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00162d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular analyses are increasingly used to diagnose diseases at point-of-care and global healthcare settings. Some analyses are simple as they rely on chromogenic stains (blood counts, malaria) but others often require higher multiplexing to define and quantitate cell populations (cancer diagnosis, immunoprofiling). Simplifying the latter with inexpensive solutions represents a current bottleneck in designing start-end pipelines. Based on the hypothesis that novel film adhesives could be used to create inexpensive disposable devices, we tested a number of different designs and materials, to rapidly perform 12-15 channel single-cell imaging. Using an optimized passive pumping layer-stack microfluidic (PLASMIC) device (<1 $ in supplies) we show that rapid, inexpensive cellular analysis is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilean Lucas
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Juhyun Oh
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Jan Hoelzl
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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27
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Allahyari Z, Gaborski TR. Engineering cell-substrate interactions on porous membranes for microphysiological systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2080-2089. [PMID: 35593461 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00114d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems are now widely used to recapitulate physiological and pathological microenvironments in order to study and understand a variety of cellular processes as well as drug delivery and stem cell differentiation. Central to many of these systems are porous membranes that enable tissue barrier formation as well as compartmentalization while still facilitating small molecule diffusion, cellular transmigration and cell-cell communication. The role or impact of porous membranes on the cells cultured upon them has not been widely studied or reviewed. Although many chemical and physical substrate characteristics have been shown to be effective in controlling and directing cellular behavior, the influence of pore characteristics and the ability to engineer porous membranes to influence these responses is not fully understood. In this mini-review, we show that many studies point to a multiphasic cell-substrate response, where increasing pore sizes and pore-pore spacing generally leads to improved cell-substrate interactions. However, the smallest pores in the nano-scale sometimes promote the strongest cell-substrate interactions, while the very largest micron-scale pores hinder cell-substrate interactions. This synopsis provides an insight into the importance of membrane pores in controlling cellular responses, and may help with the design and utilization of porous membranes for induction of desired cell processes in the development of biomimetic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Allahyari
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Thomas R Gaborski
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
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28
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Yin F, Su W, Wang L, Hu Q. Microfluidic strategies for the blood-brain barrier construction and assessment. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Aazmi A, Zhou H, Lv W, Yu M, Xu X, Yang H, Zhang YS, Ma L. Vascularizing the brain in vitro. iScience 2022; 25:104110. [PMID: 35378862 PMCID: PMC8976127 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is arguably the most fascinating and complex organ in the human body. Recreating the brain in vitro is an ambition restricted by our limited understanding of its structure and interacting elements. One of these interacting parts, the brain microvasculature, is distinguished by a highly selective barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), limiting the transport of substances between the blood and the nervous system. Numerous in vitro models have been used to mimic the BBB and constructed by implementing a variety of microfabrication and microfluidic techniques. However, currently available models still cannot accurately imitate the in vivo characteristics of BBB. In this article, we review recent BBB models by analyzing each parameter affecting the accuracy of these models. Furthermore, we propose an investigation of the synergy between BBB models and neuronal tissue biofabrication, which results in more advanced models, including neurovascular unit microfluidic models and vascularized brain organoid-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Aazmi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongzhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weikang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengfei Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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30
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Amirifar L, Shamloo A, Nasiri R, de Barros NR, Wang ZZ, Unluturk BD, Libanori A, Ievglevskyi O, Diltemiz SE, Sances S, Balasingham I, Seidlits SK, Ashammakhi N. Brain-on-a-chip: Recent advances in design and techniques for microfluidic models of the brain in health and disease. Biomaterials 2022; 285:121531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Nishihara H, Engelhardt B. Brain Barriers and Multiple Sclerosis: Novel Treatment Approaches from a Brain Barriers Perspective. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 273:295-329. [PMID: 33237504 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered a prototypic organ specific autoimmune disease targeting the central nervous system (CNS). Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and enhanced immune cell infiltration into the CNS parenchyma are early hallmarks of CNS lesion formation. Therapeutic targeting of immune cell trafficking across the BBB has proven a successful therapy for the treatment of MS, but comes with side effects and is no longer effective once patients have entered the progressive phase of the disease. Beyond the endothelial BBB, epithelial and glial brain barriers establish compartments in the CNS that differ in their accessibility to the immune system. There is increasing evidence that brain barrier abnormalities persist during the progressive stages of MS. Here, we summarize the role of endothelial, epithelial, and glial brain barriers in maintaining CNS immune privilege and our current knowledge on how impairment of these barriers contributes to MS pathogenesis. We discuss how therapeutic stabilization of brain barriers integrity may improve the safety of current therapeutic regimes for treating MS. This may also allow for the development of entirely novel therapeutic approaches aiming to restore brain barriers integrity and thus CNS homeostasis, which may be specifically beneficial for the treatment of progressive MS.
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32
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Salminen AT, Tithof J, Izhiman Y, Masters EA, McCloskey MC, Gaborski TR, Kelley DH, Pietropaoli AP, Waugh RE, McGrath JL. Endothelial cell apicobasal polarity coordinates distinct responses to luminally versus abluminally delivered TNF-α in a microvascular mimetic. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 12:275-289. [PMID: 33164044 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are an active component of the immune system and interact directly with inflammatory cytokines. While ECs are known to be polarized cells, the potential role of apicobasal polarity in response to inflammatory mediators has been scarcely studied. Acute inflammation is vital in maintaining healthy tissue in response to infection; however, chronic inflammation can lead to the production of systemic inflammatory cytokines and deregulated leukocyte trafficking, even in the absence of a local infection. Elevated levels of cytokines in circulation underlie the pathogenesis of sepsis, the leading cause of intensive care death. Because ECs constitute a key barrier between circulation (luminal interface) and tissue (abluminal interface), we hypothesize that ECs respond differentially to inflammatory challenge originating in the tissue versus circulation as in local and systemic inflammation, respectively. To begin this investigation, we stimulated ECs abluminally and luminally with the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) to mimic a key feature of local and systemic inflammation, respectively, in a microvascular mimetic (μSiM-MVM). Polarized IL-8 secretion and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) transmigration were quantified to characterize the EC response to luminal versus abluminal TNF-α. We observed that ECs uniformly secrete IL-8 in response to abluminal TNF-α and is followed by PMN transmigration. The response to abluminal treatment was coupled with the formation of ICAM-1-rich membrane ruffles on the apical surface of ECs. In contrast, luminally stimulated ECs secreted five times more IL-8 into the luminal compartment than the abluminal compartment and sequestered PMNs on the apical EC surface. Our results identify clear differences in the response of ECs to TNF-α originating from the abluminal versus luminal side of a monolayer for the first time and may provide novel insight into future inflammatory disease intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec T Salminen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Tithof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yara Izhiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Elysia A Masters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Molly C McCloskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas R Gaborski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Douglas H Kelley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Anthony P Pietropaoli
- Medicine, Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Richard E Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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33
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Santa-Maria AR, Walter FR, Figueiredo R, Kincses A, Vigh JP, Heymans M, Culot M, Winter P, Gosselet F, Dér A, Deli MA. Flow induces barrier and glycocalyx-related genes and negative surface charge in a lab-on-a-chip human blood-brain barrier model. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2201-2215. [PMID: 33563079 PMCID: PMC8393308 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x21992638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices allow the study of blood-brain barrier (BBB) properties in dynamic conditions. We studied a BBB model, consisting of human endothelial cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells in co-culture with brain pericytes, in an LOC device to study fluid flow in the regulation of endothelial, BBB and glycocalyx-related genes and surface charge. The highly negatively charged endothelial surface glycocalyx functions as mechano-sensor detecting shear forces generated by blood flow on the luminal side of brain endothelial cells and contributes to the physical barrier of the BBB. Despite the importance of glycocalyx in the regulation of BBB permeability in physiological conditions and in diseases, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. The MACE-seq gene expression profiling analysis showed differentially expressed endothelial, BBB and glycocalyx core protein genes after fluid flow, as well as enriched pathways for the extracellular matrix molecules. We observed increased barrier properties, a higher intensity glycocalyx staining and a more negative surface charge of human brain-like endothelial cells (BLECs) in dynamic conditions. Our work is the first study to provide data on BBB properties and glycocalyx of BLECs in an LOC device under dynamic conditions and confirms the importance of fluid flow for BBB culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Santa-Maria
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R Walter
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ricardo Figueiredo
- GenXPro GmbH, Frankfurt-Am-Main, Germany.,Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt-Am-Main, Germany
| | - András Kincses
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit P Vigh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marjolein Heymans
- Université d'Artois, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Lens, France
| | - Maxime Culot
- Université d'Artois, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Lens, France
| | | | - Fabien Gosselet
- Université d'Artois, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Lens, France
| | - András Dér
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária A Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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34
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Hammel JH, Cook SR, Belanger MC, Munson JM, Pompano RR. Modeling Immunity In Vitro: Slices, Chips, and Engineered Tissues. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2021; 23:461-491. [PMID: 33872520 PMCID: PMC8277680 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082420-124920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Modeling immunity in vitro has the potential to be a powerful tool for investigating fundamental biological questions, informing therapeutics and vaccines, and providing new insight into disease progression. There are two major elements to immunity that are necessary to model: primary immune tissues and peripheral tissues with immune components. Here, we systematically review progress made along three strategies to modeling immunity: ex vivo cultures, which preserve native tissue structure; microfluidic devices, which constitute a versatile approach to providing physiologically relevant fluid flow and environmental control; and engineered tissues, which provide precise control of the 3D microenvironment and biophysical cues. While many models focus on disease modeling, more primary immune tissue models are necessary to advance the field. Moving forward, we anticipate that the expansion of patient-specific models may inform why immunity varies from patient to patient and allow for the rapid comprehension and treatment of emerging diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Hammel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA;
| | - Sophie R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Maura C Belanger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Jennifer M Munson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA;
| | - Rebecca R Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA;
- Carter Immunology Center and UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
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35
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Augustine R, Aqel AH, Kalva SN, Joshy KS, Nayeem A, Hasan A. Bioengineered microfluidic blood-brain barrier models in oncology research. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101087. [PMID: 33865030 PMCID: PMC8066424 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major reason for most brain tumors with up to a 50% chance of occurrence in patients with other types of malignancies. Brain metastasis occurs if cancer cells succeed to cross the 'blood-brain barrier' (BBB). Moreover, changes in the structure and function of BBB can lead to the onset and progression of diseases including neurological disorders and brain-metastases. Generating BBB models with structural and functional features of intact BBB is highly important to better understand the molecular mechanism of such ailments and finding novel therapeutic agents targeting them. Hence, researchers are developing novel in vitro BBB platforms that can recapitulate the structural and functional characteristics of BBB. Brain endothelial cells-based in vitro BBB models have thus been developed to investigate the mechanism of brain metastasis through BBB and facilitate the testing of brain targeted anticancer drugs. Bioengineered constructs integrated with microfluidic platforms are vital tools for recapitulating the features of BBB in vitro closely as possible. In this review, we outline the fundamentals of BBB biology, recent developments in the microfluidic BBB platforms, and provide a concise discussion of diverse types of bioengineered BBB models with an emphasis on the application of them in brain metastasis and cancer research in general. We also provide insights into the challenges and prospects of the current bioengineered microfluidic platforms in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ahmad H Aqel
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Sumama Nuthana Kalva
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - K S Joshy
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajisha Nayeem
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Mary's College, Thrissur 680020, Kerala, India
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
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36
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Moya ELJ, Vandenhaute E, Rizzi E, Boucau MC, Hachani J, Maubon N, Gosselet F, Dehouck MP. Miniaturization and Automation of a Human In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model for the High-Throughput Screening of Compounds in the Early Stage of Drug Discovery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060892. [PMID: 34208550 PMCID: PMC8233835 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are one of the top causes of death worldwide. As there is a difficulty of drug penetration into the brain due to the blood–brain barrier (BBB), many CNS drugs treatments fail in clinical trials. Hence, there is a need to develop effective CNS drugs following strategies for delivery to the brain by better selecting them as early as possible during the drug discovery process. The use of in vitro BBB models has proved useful to evaluate the impact of drugs/compounds toxicity, BBB permeation rates and molecular transport mechanisms within the brain cells in academic research and early-stage drug discovery. However, these studies that require biological material (animal brain or human cells) are time-consuming and involve costly amounts of materials and plastic wastes due to the format of the models. Hence, to adapt to the high yields needed in early-stage drug discoveries for compound screenings, a patented well-established human in vitro BBB model was miniaturized and automated into a 96-well format. This replicate met all the BBB model reliability criteria to get predictive results, allowing a significant reduction in biological materials, waste and a higher screening capacity for being extensively used during early-stage drug discovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa L. J. Moya
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, UR 2465, F-62300 Lens, France; (E.L.J.M.); (E.R.); (M.-C.B.); (J.H.); (F.G.)
| | | | - Eleonora Rizzi
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, UR 2465, F-62300 Lens, France; (E.L.J.M.); (E.R.); (M.-C.B.); (J.H.); (F.G.)
| | - Marie-Christine Boucau
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, UR 2465, F-62300 Lens, France; (E.L.J.M.); (E.R.); (M.-C.B.); (J.H.); (F.G.)
| | - Johan Hachani
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, UR 2465, F-62300 Lens, France; (E.L.J.M.); (E.R.); (M.-C.B.); (J.H.); (F.G.)
| | | | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, UR 2465, F-62300 Lens, France; (E.L.J.M.); (E.R.); (M.-C.B.); (J.H.); (F.G.)
| | - Marie-Pierre Dehouck
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, UR 2465, F-62300 Lens, France; (E.L.J.M.); (E.R.); (M.-C.B.); (J.H.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Castro Dias M, Odriozola Quesada A, Soldati S, Bösch F, Gruber I, Hildbrand T, Sönmez D, Khire T, Witz G, McGrath JL, Piontek J, Kondoh M, Deutsch U, Zuber B, Engelhardt B. Brain endothelial tricellular junctions as novel sites for T cell diapedesis across the blood-brain barrier. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237782. [PMID: 33912914 PMCID: PMC8121105 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of activated T cells across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a critical step in central nervous system (CNS) immune surveillance and inflammation. Whereas T cell diapedesis across the intact BBB seems to occur preferentially through the BBB cellular junctions, impaired BBB integrity during neuroinflammation is accompanied by increased transcellular T cell diapedesis. The underlying mechanisms directing T cells to paracellular versus transcellular sites of diapedesis across the BBB remain to be explored. By combining in vitro live-cell imaging of T cell migration across primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (pMBMECs) under physiological flow with serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM), we have identified BBB tricellular junctions as novel sites for T cell diapedesis across the BBB. Downregulated expression of tricellular junctional proteins or protein-based targeting of their interactions in pMBMEC monolayers correlated with enhanced transcellular T cell diapedesis, and abluminal presence of chemokines increased T cell diapedesis through tricellular junctions. Our observations assign an entirely novel role to BBB tricellular junctions in regulating T cell entry into the CNS. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Highlighted Article: Ultrastructural analysis of T cell migration across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) under physiological flow identifies BBB tricellular junctions as sites of T cell diapedesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Bösch
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Gruber
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Derya Sönmez
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tejas Khire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 270168, USA
| | - Guillaume Witz
- Microscopy Imaging Center (MIC), University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland.,Science IT Support (ScITS), Mathematical Institute, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 270168, USA
| | - Jörg Piontek
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Urban Deutsch
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Zuber
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
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38
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Boeri L, Perottoni S, Izzo L, Giordano C, Albani D. Microbiota-Host Immunity Communication in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Bioengineering Challenges for In Vitro Modeling. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002043. [PMID: 33661580 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human microbiota communicates with its host by secreting signaling metabolites, enzymes, or structural components. Its homeostasis strongly influences the modulation of human tissue barriers and immune system. Dysbiosis-induced peripheral immunity response can propagate bacterial and pro-inflammatory signals to the whole body, including the brain. This immune-mediated communication may contribute to several neurodegenerative disorders, as Alzheimer's disease. In fact, neurodegeneration is associated with dysbiosis and neuroinflammation. The interplay between the microbial communities and the brain is complex and bidirectional, and a great deal of interest is emerging to define the exact mechanisms. This review focuses on microbiota-immunity-central nervous system (CNS) communication and shows how gut and oral microbiota populations trigger immune cells, propagating inflammation from the periphery to the cerebral parenchyma, thus contributing to the onset and progression of neurodegeneration. Moreover, an overview of the technological challenges with in vitro modeling of the microbiota-immunity-CNS axis, offering interesting technological hints about the most advanced solutions and current technologies is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Boeri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Simone Perottoni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Luca Izzo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Carmen Giordano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS via Mario Negri 2 Milan 20156 Italy
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Bittner A, Gosselet F, Sevin E, Dehouck L, Ducray AD, Gaschen V, Stoffel MH, Cho H, Mevissen M. Time-Dependent Internalization of Polymer-Coated Silica Nanoparticles in Brain Endothelial Cells and Morphological and Functional Effects on the Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041657. [PMID: 33562136 PMCID: PMC7915594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)-assisted procedures including laser tissue soldering (LTS) offer advantages compared to conventional microsuturing, especially in the brain. In this study, effects of polymer-coated silica NPs used in LTS were investigated in human brain endothelial cells (ECs) and blood-brain barrier models. In the co-culture setting with ECs and pericytes, only the cell type directly exposed to NPs displayed a time-dependent internalization. No transfer of NPs between the two cell types was observed. Cell viability was decreased relatively to NP exposure duration and concentration. Protein expression of the nuclear factor ĸ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and various endothelial adhesion molecules indicated no initiation of inflammation or activation of ECs after NP exposure. Differentiation of CD34+ ECs into brain-like ECs co-cultured with pericytes, blood-brain barrier (BBB) characteristics were obtained. The established endothelial layer reduced the passage of integrity tracer molecules. NP exposure did not result in alterations of junctional proteins, BBB formation or its integrity. In a 3-dimensional setup with an endothelial tube formation and tight junctions, barrier formation was not disrupted by the NPs and NPs do not seem to cross the blood-brain barrier. Our findings suggest that these polymer-coated silica NPs do not damage the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniela Bittner
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (A.B.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Blood-Brain-Barrier Laboratory, University of Artois, UR265, Faculté Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz–SP 18, 62307 Lens, France; (F.G.); (E.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Emmanuel Sevin
- Blood-Brain-Barrier Laboratory, University of Artois, UR265, Faculté Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz–SP 18, 62307 Lens, France; (F.G.); (E.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Lucie Dehouck
- Blood-Brain-Barrier Laboratory, University of Artois, UR265, Faculté Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz–SP 18, 62307 Lens, France; (F.G.); (E.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Angélique D. Ducray
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (A.B.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Véronique Gaschen
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.G.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Michael H. Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.G.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Concergence, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, #868715 N-Center Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea;
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (A.B.); (A.D.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-631-22-31
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40
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Ronaldson PT, Davis TP. Regulation of blood-brain barrier integrity by microglia in health and disease: A therapeutic opportunity. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:S6-S24. [PMID: 32928017 PMCID: PMC7687032 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20951995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical regulator of CNS homeostasis. It possesses physical and biochemical characteristics (i.e. tight junction protein complexes, transporters) that are necessary for the BBB to perform this physiological role. Microvascular endothelial cells require support from astrocytes, pericytes, microglia, neurons, and constituents of the extracellular matrix. This intricate relationship implies the existence of a neurovascular unit (NVU). NVU cellular components can be activated in disease and contribute to dynamic remodeling of the BBB. This is especially true of microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, which polarize into distinct proinflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. Current data indicate that M1 pro-inflammatory microglia contribute to BBB dysfunction and vascular "leak", while M2 anti-inflammatory microglia play a protective role at the BBB. Understanding biological mechanisms involved in microglia activation provides a unique opportunity to develop novel treatment approaches for neurological diseases. In this review, we highlight characteristics of M1 proinflammatory and M2 anti-inflammatory microglia and describe how these distinct phenotypes modulate BBB physiology. Additionally, we outline the role of other NVU cell types in regulating microglial activation and highlight how microglia can be targeted for treatment of disease with a focus on ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Ronaldson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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41
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Gholizadeh S, Allahyari Z, Carter R, Delgadillo LF, Blaquiere M, Nouguier-Morin F, Marchi N, Gaborski TR. Robust and Gradient Thickness Porous Membranes for In Vitro Modeling of Physiological Barriers. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 5:2000474. [PMID: 33709013 PMCID: PMC7942760 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Porous membranes are fundamental elements for tissue-chip barrier and co-culture models. However, the exaggerated thickness of commonly available membranes may represent a stumbling block impeding a more accurate in vitro modeling. Existing techniques to fabricate membranes such as solvent cast, spin-coating, sputtering and PE-CVD result in uniform thickness films. Here, we developed a robust method to generate ultrathin porous parylene C (UPP) membranes not just with precise thicknesses down to 300 nm, but with variable gradients in thicknesses, while at the same time having porosities up to 25%. We also show surface etching and increased roughness lead to improved cell attachment. Next, we examined the mechanical properties of UPP membranes with varying porosity and thickness and fit our data to previously published models, which can help determine practical upper limits of porosity and lower limits of thickness. Lastly, we validate a straightforward approach allowing the successful integration of the UPP membranes into a prototyped 3D-printed scaffold, demonstrating mechanical robustness and allowing cell adhesion under varying flow conditions. Collectively, our results support the integration and the use of UPP membranes to examine cell-cell interaction in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Gholizadeh
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Zahra Allahyari
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Robert Carter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Luis F Delgadillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA
| | - Marine Blaquiere
- Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Institute of Functional Genomics (CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, and University of Montpellier), Montpellier, 34094, France
| | - Frederic Nouguier-Morin
- Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Institute of Functional Genomics (CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, and University of Montpellier), Montpellier, 34094, France
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Institute of Functional Genomics (CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, and University of Montpellier), Montpellier, 34094, France
| | - Thomas R Gaborski
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
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42
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Salminen AT, Allahyari Z, Gholizadeh S, McCloskey MC, Ajalik R, Cottle RN, Gaborski TR, McGrath JL. In vitro Studies of Transendothelial Migration for Biological and Drug Discovery. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:600616. [PMID: 35047883 PMCID: PMC8757899 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.600616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases and cancer metastases lack concrete pharmaceuticals for their effective treatment despite great strides in advancing our understanding of disease progression. One feature of these disease pathogeneses that remains to be fully explored, both biologically and pharmaceutically, is the passage of cancer and immune cells from the blood to the underlying tissue in the process of extravasation. Regardless of migratory cell type, all steps in extravasation involve molecular interactions that serve as a rich landscape of targets for pharmaceutical inhibition or promotion. Transendothelial migration (TEM), or the migration of the cell through the vascular endothelium, is a particularly promising area of interest as it constitutes the final and most involved step in the extravasation cascade. While in vivo models of cancer metastasis and inflammatory diseases have contributed to our current understanding of TEM, the knowledge surrounding this phenomenon would be significantly lacking without the use of in vitro platforms. In addition to the ease of use, low cost, and high controllability, in vitro platforms permit the use of human cell lines to represent certain features of disease pathology better, as seen in the clinic. These benefits over traditional pre-clinical models for efficacy and toxicity testing are especially important in the modern pursuit of novel drug candidates. Here, we review the cellular and molecular events involved in leukocyte and cancer cell extravasation, with a keen focus on TEM, as discovered by seminal and progressive in vitro platforms. In vitro studies of TEM, specifically, showcase the great experimental progress at the lab bench and highlight the historical success of in vitro platforms for biological discovery. This success shows the potential for applying these platforms for pharmaceutical compound screening. In addition to immune and cancer cell TEM, we discuss the promise of hepatocyte transplantation, a process in which systemically delivered hepatocytes must transmigrate across the liver sinusoidal endothelium to successfully engraft and restore liver function. Lastly, we concisely summarize the evolving field of porous membranes for the study of TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec T. Salminen
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zahra Allahyari
- Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Shayan Gholizadeh
- Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Molly C. McCloskey
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Raquel Ajalik
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Renee N. Cottle
- Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Thomas R. Gaborski
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - James L. McGrath
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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43
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Nishihara H, Gastfriend BD, Soldati S, Perriot S, Mathias A, Sano Y, Shimizu F, Gosselet F, Kanda T, Palecek SP, Du Pasquier R, Shusta EV, Engelhardt B. Advancing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models for studying immune cell interactions. FASEB J 2020; 34:16693-16715. [PMID: 33124083 PMCID: PMC7686106 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001507rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived blood‐brain barrier (BBB) models established to date lack expression of key adhesion molecules involved in immune cell migration across the BBB in vivo. Here, we introduce the extended endothelial cell culture method (EECM), which differentiates hiPSC‐derived endothelial progenitor cells to brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC)‐like cells with good barrier properties and mature tight junctions. Importantly, EECM‐BMEC‐like cells exhibited constitutive cell surface expression of ICAM‐1, ICAM‐2, and E‐selectin. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine stimulation increased the cell surface expression of ICAM‐1 and induced cell surface expression of P‐selectin and VCAM‐1. Co‐culture of EECM‐BMEC‐like cells with hiPSC‐derived smooth muscle‐like cells or their conditioned medium further increased the induction of VCAM‐1. Functional expression of endothelial ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 was confirmed by T‐cell interaction with EECM‐BMEC‐like cells. Taken together, we introduce the first hiPSC‐derived BBB model that displays an adhesion molecule phenotype that is suitable for the study of immune cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin D Gastfriend
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Perriot
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Centre, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Mathias
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Centre, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yasuteru Sano
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Shimizu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Blood Brain Barrier Laboratory, University of Artois, Lens, France
| | - Takashi Kanda
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Renaud Du Pasquier
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Centre, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Israelov H, Ravid O, Atrakchi D, Rand D, Elhaik S, Bresler Y, Twitto-Greenberg R, Omesi L, Liraz-Zaltsman S, Gosselet F, Schnaider Beeri M, Cooper I. Caspase-1 has a critical role in blood-brain barrier injury and its inhibition contributes to multifaceted repair. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:267. [PMID: 32907600 PMCID: PMC7488082 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01927-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive inflammation might activate and injure the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a common feature of many central nervous system (CNS) disorders. We previously developed an in vitro BBB injury model in which the organophosphate paraoxon (PX) affects the BBB endothelium by attenuating junctional protein expression leading to weakened barrier integrity. The objective of this study was to investigate the inflammatory cellular response at the BBB to elucidate critical pathways that might lead to effective treatment in CNS pathologies in which the BBB is compromised. We hypothesized that caspase-1, a core component of the inflammasome complex, might have important role in BBB function since accumulating evidence indicates its involvement in brain inflammation and pathophysiology. Methods An in vitro human BBB model was employed to investigate BBB functions related to inflammation, primarily adhesion and transmigration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Caspase-1 pathway was studied by measurements of its activation state and its role in PBMCs adhesion, transmigration, and BBB permeability were investigated using the specific caspase-1 inhibitor, VX-765. Expression level of adhesion and junctional molecules and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in vitro and in vivo at the BBB endothelium after exposure to PX. The potential repair effect of blocking caspase-1 and downstream molecules was evaluated by immunocytochemistry, ELISA, and Nanostring technology. Results PX affected the BBB in vitro by elevating the expression of the adhesion molecules E-selectin and ICAM-1 leading to increased adhesion of PBMCs to endothelial monolayer, followed by elevated transendothelial-migration which was ICAM-1 and LFA-1 dependent. Blocking caspase-8 and 9 rescued the viability of the endothelial cells but not the elevated transmigration of PBMCs. Inhibition of caspase-1, on the other hand, robustly restored all of barrier insults tested including PBMCs adhesion and transmigration, permeability, and VE-cadherin protein levels. The in vitro inflammatory response induced by PX and the role of caspase-1 in BBB injury were corroborated in vivo in isolated blood vessels from hippocampi of mice exposed to PX and treated with VX-765. Conclusions These results shed light on the important role of caspase-1 in BBB insult in general and specifically in the inflamed endothelium, and suggest therapeutic potential for various CNS disorders, by targeting caspase-1 in the injured BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Israelov
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orly Ravid
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dana Atrakchi
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Daniel Rand
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shirin Elhaik
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yael Bresler
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachel Twitto-Greenberg
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liora Omesi
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sigal Liraz-Zaltsman
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Pharmacology, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute for Health and Medical Professions, Department of Sports Therapy, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- UR 2465, Blood-brain barrier Laboratory (LBHE), Artois University, F-62300, Lens, France
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel.,Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Itzik Cooper
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel. .,The Nehemia Rubin Excellence in Biomedical Research - The TELEM Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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45
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Miller JJ, Carter JA, Hill K, DesOrmeaux JPS, Carter RN, Gaborski TR, Roussie JA, McGrath JL, Johnson DG. Free Standing, Large-Area Silicon Nitride Membranes for High Toxin Clearance in Blood Surrogate for Small-Format Hemodialysis. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10060119. [PMID: 32517263 PMCID: PMC7344517 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing highly-efficient membranes for toxin clearance in small-format hemodialysis presents a fabrication challenge. The miniaturization of fluidics and controls has been the focus of current work on hemodialysis (HD) devices. This approach has not addressed the membrane efficiency needed for toxin clearance in small-format hemodialysis devices. Dr. Willem Kolff built the first dialyzer in 1943 and many changes have been made to HD technology since then. However, conventional HD still uses large instruments with bulky dialysis cartridges made of ~2 m2 of 10 micron thick, tortuous-path membrane material. Portable, wearable, and implantable HD systems may improve clinical outcomes for patients with end-stage renal disease by increasing the frequency of dialysis. The ability of ultrathin silicon-based sheet membranes to clear toxins is tested along with an analytical model predicting long-term multi-pass experiments from single-pass clearance experiments. Advanced fabrication methods are introduced that produce a new type of nanoporous silicon nitride sheet membrane that features the pore sizes needed for middle-weight toxin removal. Benchtop clearance results with sheet membranes (~3 cm2) match a theoretical model and indicate that sheet membranes can reduce (by orders of magnitude) the amount of membrane material required for hemodialysis. This provides the performance needed for small-format hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Miller
- SiMPore, Inc. 150 Lucius Gordon Drive, Suite 110, West Henrietta, NY 14586, USA; (J.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (J.-P.S.D.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jared A. Carter
- SiMPore, Inc. 150 Lucius Gordon Drive, Suite 110, West Henrietta, NY 14586, USA; (J.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (J.-P.S.D.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Kayli Hill
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (K.H.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Jon-Paul S. DesOrmeaux
- SiMPore, Inc. 150 Lucius Gordon Drive, Suite 110, West Henrietta, NY 14586, USA; (J.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (J.-P.S.D.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Robert N. Carter
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
| | - Thomas R. Gaborski
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
| | - James A. Roussie
- SiMPore, Inc. 150 Lucius Gordon Drive, Suite 110, West Henrietta, NY 14586, USA; (J.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (J.-P.S.D.); (J.A.R.)
| | - James L. McGrath
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (K.H.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Dean G. Johnson
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (K.H.); (J.L.M.)
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Jakšić Z, Jakšić O. Biomimetic Nanomembranes: An Overview. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:E24. [PMID: 32485897 PMCID: PMC7345464 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomembranes are the principal building block of basically all living organisms, and without them life as we know it would not be possible. Yet in spite of their ubiquity, for a long time their artificial counterparts have mostly been overlooked in mainstream microsystem and nanosystem technologies, being a niche topic at best, instead of holding their rightful position as one of the basic structures in such systems. Synthetic biomimetic nanomembranes are essential in a vast number of seemingly disparate fields, including separation science and technology, sensing technology, environmental protection, renewable energy, process industry, life sciences and biomedicine. In this study, we review the possibilities for the synthesis of inorganic, organic and hybrid nanomembranes mimicking and in some way surpassing living structures, consider their main properties of interest, give a short overview of possible pathways for their enhancement through multifunctionalization, and summarize some of their numerous applications reported to date, with a focus on recent findings. It is our aim to stress the role of functionalized synthetic biomimetic nanomembranes within the context of modern nanoscience and nanotechnologies. We hope to highlight the importance of the topic, as well as to stress its great applicability potentials in many facets of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Jakšić
- Center of Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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47
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Nishihara H, Soldati S, Mossu A, Rosito M, Rudolph H, Muller WA, Latorre D, Sallusto F, Sospedra M, Martin R, Ishikawa H, Tenenbaum T, Schroten H, Gosselet F, Engelhardt B. Human CD4 + T cell subsets differ in their abilities to cross endothelial and epithelial brain barriers in vitro. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:3. [PMID: 32008573 PMCID: PMC6996191 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-019-0165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The brain barriers establish compartments in the central nervous system (CNS) that significantly differ in their communication with the peripheral immune system. In this function they strictly control T-cell entry into the CNS. T cells can reach the CNS by either crossing the endothelial blood–brain barrier (BBB) or the epithelial blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) of the choroid plexus (ChP). Objective Analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the migration of different human CD4+ T-cell subsets across the BBB versus the BCSFB. Methods Human in vitro models of the BBB and BCSFB were employed to study the migration of circulating and CNS-entry experienced CD4+ T helper cell subsets (Th1, Th1*, Th2, Th17) across the BBB and BCSFB under inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions in vitro. Results While under non-inflammatory conditions Th1* and Th1 cells preferentially crossed the BBB, under inflammatory conditions the migration rate of all Th subsets across the BBB was comparable. The migration of all Th subsets across the BCSFB from the same donor was 10- to 20-fold lower when compared to their migration across the BBB. Interestingly, Th17 cells preferentially crossed the BCSFB under both, non-inflamed and inflamed conditions. Barrier-crossing experienced Th cells sorted from CSF of MS patients showed migratory characteristics indistinguishable from those of circulating Th cells of healthy donors. All Th cell subsets could additionally cross the BCSFB from the CSF to ChP stroma side. T-cell migration across the BCSFB involved epithelial ICAM-1 irrespective of the direction of migration. Conclusions Our observations underscore that different Th subsets may use different anatomical routes to enter the CNS during immune surveillance versus neuroinflammation with the BCSFB establishing a tighter barrier for T-cell entry into the CNS compared to the BBB. In addition, CNS-entry experienced Th cell subsets isolated from the CSF of MS patients do not show an increased ability to cross the brain barriers when compared to circulating Th cell subsets from healthy donors underscoring the active role of the brain barriers in controlling T-cell entry into the CNS. Also we identify ICAM-1 to mediate T cell migration across the BCSFB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Mossu
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Transcure Bioservices, Archamps, France
| | - Maria Rosito
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Henriette Rudolph
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - William A Muller
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniela Latorre
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Institute for Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Institute for Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mireia Sospedra
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tobias Tenenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Horst Schroten
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Blood Brain Barrier Laboratory, University of Artois, Lens, France
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48
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Hill K, Walker SN, Salminen A, Chung HL, Li X, Ezzat B, Miller JJ, DesOrmeaux JPS, Zhang J, Hayden A, Burgin T, Piraino L, May MN, Gaborski TR, Roussie JA, Taylor J, DiVincenti L, Shestopalov AA, McGrath JL, Johnson DG. Second Generation Nanoporous Silicon Nitride Membranes for High Toxin Clearance and Small Format Hemodialysis. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1900750. [PMID: 31943849 PMCID: PMC7041421 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conventional hemodialysis (HD) uses floor-standing instruments and bulky dialysis cartridges containing ≈2 m2 of 10 micrometer thick, tortuous-path membranes. Portable and wearable HD systems can improve outcomes for patients with end-stage renal disease by facilitating more frequent, longer dialysis at home, providing more physiological toxin clearance. Developing devices with these benefits requires highly efficient membranes to clear clinically relevant toxins in small formats. Here, the ability of ultrathin (<100 nm) silicon-nitride-based membranes to reduce the membrane area required to clear toxins by orders of magnitude is shown. Advanced fabrication methods are introduced that produce nanoporous silicon nitride membranes (NPN-O) that are two times stronger than the original nanoporous nitride materials (NPN) and feature pore sizes appropriate for middle-weight serum toxin removal. Single-pass benchtop studies with NPN-O (1.4 mm2 ) demonstrate the extraordinary clearance potential of these membranes (105 mL min-1 m-2 ), and their intrinsic hemocompatibility. Results of benchtop studies with nanomembranes, and 4 h dialysis of uremic rats, indicate that NPN-O can reduce the membrane area required for hemodialysis by two orders of magnitude, suggesting the performance and robustness needed to enable small-format hemodialysis, a milestone in the development of small-format hemodialysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayli Hill
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Samuel N Walker
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Alec Salminen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Hung L Chung
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Xunzhi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Bahie Ezzat
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Joshua J Miller
- SiMPore, Inc., 150 Lucius Gordon Drive, Suite 110, West Henrietta, Henrietta, NY, 14586, USA
| | - Jon-Paul S DesOrmeaux
- SiMPore, Inc., 150 Lucius Gordon Drive, Suite 110, West Henrietta, Henrietta, NY, 14586, USA
| | - Jingkai Zhang
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Andrew Hayden
- SiMPore, Inc., 150 Lucius Gordon Drive, Suite 110, West Henrietta, Henrietta, NY, 14586, USA
| | - Tucker Burgin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Lindsay Piraino
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Marina N May
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Thomas R Gaborski
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - James A Roussie
- SiMPore, Inc., 150 Lucius Gordon Drive, Suite 110, West Henrietta, Henrietta, NY, 14586, USA
| | - Jeremy Taylor
- Department of Nephrology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Louis DiVincenti
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | | | - James L McGrath
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Dean G Johnson
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
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49
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Khire TS, Salminen AT, Swamy H, Lucas KS, McCloskey MC, Ajalik RE, Chung HH, Gaborski TR, Waugh RE, Glading AJ, McGrath JL. Microvascular Mimetics for the Study of Leukocyte-Endothelial Interactions. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:125-139. [PMID: 32175026 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pathophysiological increase in microvascular permeability plays a well-known role in the onset and progression of diseases like sepsis and atherosclerosis. However, how interactions between neutrophils and the endothelium alter vessel permeability is often debated. Methods In this study, we introduce a microfluidic, silicon-membrane enabled vascular mimetic (μSiM-MVM) for investigating the role of neutrophils in inflammation-associated microvascular permeability. In utilizing optically transparent silicon nanomembrane technology, we build on previous microvascular models by enabling in situ observations of neutrophil-endothelium interactions. To evaluate the effects of neutrophil transmigration on microvascular model permeability, we established and validated electrical (transendothelial electrical resistance and impedance) and small molecule permeability assays that allow for the in situ quantification of temporal changes in endothelium junctional integrity. Results Analysis of neutrophil-expressed β1 integrins revealed a prominent role of neutrophil transmigration and basement membrane interactions in increased microvascular permeability. By utilizing blocking antibodies specific to the β1 subunit, we found that the observed increase in microvascular permeability due to neutrophil transmigration is constrained when neutrophil-basement membrane interactions are blocked. Having demonstrated the value of in situ measurements of small molecule permeability, we then developed and validated a quantitative framework that can be used to interpret barrier permeability for comparisons to conventional Transwell™ values. Conclusions Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of the μSiM-MVM in elucidating mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease, and provide evidence for a role for neutrophils in inflammation-associated endothelial barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas S Khire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - Alec T Salminen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - Harsha Swamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - Kilean S Lucas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - Molly C McCloskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - Raquel E Ajalik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - Henry H Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - Thomas R Gaborski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - Richard E Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - Angela J Glading
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
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50
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Hudecz D, Khire T, Chung HL, Adumeau L, Glavin D, Luke E, Nielsen MS, Dawson KA, McGrath JL, Yan Y. Ultrathin Silicon Membranes for in Situ Optical Analysis of Nanoparticle Translocation across a Human Blood-Brain Barrier Model. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1111-1122. [PMID: 31914314 PMCID: PMC7049097 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a blood-brain barrier (BBB) model that enables high-resolution imaging of nanoparticle (NP) interactions with endothelial cells and the capture of rare NP translocation events. The enabling technology is an ultrathin silicon nitride (SiN) membrane (0.5 μm pore size, 20% porosity, 400 nm thickness) integrated into a dual-chamber platform that facilitates imaging at low working distances (∼50 μm). The platform, the μSiM-BBB (microfluidic silicon membrane-BBB), features human brain endothelial cells and primary astrocytes grown on opposite sides of the membrane. The human brain endothelial cells form tight junctions on the ultrathin membranes and exhibit a significantly higher resistance to FITC-dextran diffusion than commercial membranes. The enhanced optical properties of the SiN membrane allow high-resolution live-cell imaging of three types of NPs, namely, 40 nm PS-COOH, 100 nm PS-COOH, and apolipoprotein E-conjugated 100 nm SiO2, interacting with the BBB. Despite the excellent barrier properties of the endothelial layer, we are able to document rare NP translocation events of NPs localized to lysosomal compartments of astrocytes on the "brain side" of the device. Although the translocation is always low, our data suggest that size and targeting ligand are important parameters for NP translocation across the BBB. As a platform that enables the detection of rare transmission across tight BBB layers, the μSiM-BBB is an important tool for the design of nanoparticle-based delivery of drugs to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Hudecz
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Present address: Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tejas Khire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Hung Li Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Laurent Adumeau
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dale Glavin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Emma Luke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Morten S. Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation, Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Scherfigsvej 7, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A. Dawson
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - James L. McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Yan Yan
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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