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Effects of a Dulaglutide plus Calorie-Restricted Diet versus a Calorie-Restricted Diet on Visceral Fat and Metabolic Profiles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030556. [PMID: 36771262 PMCID: PMC9920202 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of dulaglutide and a calorie-restricted diet (CRD) on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and metabolic profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have not been extensively investigated. In this study, we investigated whether dulaglutide combined with CRD could further reduce VAT and promote clinical benefits as compared with a CRD regimen alone in overweight or obese PCOS-affected women. Between May 2021 and May 2022, this single-center, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial was conducted. Overall, 243 participants with PCOS were screened, of which 68 overweight or obese individuals were randomly randomized to undergo dulaglutide combined with CRD treatment (n = 35) or CRD treatment alone (n = 33). The duration of intervention was set as the time taken to achieve a 7% weight loss goal from baseline body weight, which was restricted to 6 months. The primary endpoint was the difference in the change in VAT area reduction between the groups. The secondary endpoints contained changes in menstrual frequency, metabolic profiles, hormonal parameters, liver fat, and body composition. As compared with the CRD group, the dulaglutide + CRD group had a considerably shorter median time to achieve 7% weight loss. There was no significant between-group difference in area change of VAT reduction (-0.97 cm2, 95% confidence interval from -14.36 to 12.42, p = 0.884). As compared with CRD alone, dulaglutide + CRD had significant advantages in reducing glycated hemoglobin A1c and postprandial plasma glucose levels. The results of the analyses showed different changes in menstruation frequency, additional metabolic profiles, hormonal markers, liver fat, and body composition between the two groups did not differ significantly. Nausea, vomiting, constipation, and loss of appetite were the main adverse events of dulaglutide. These results emphasize the value of dietary intervention as the first line of treatment for PCOS-affected women, while glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist therapy provides an efficient and typically well tolerated adjuvant therapy to aid in reaching weight targets based on dietary therapy in the population of overweight/obese PCOS-affected women.
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Ingersen A, Helset HR, Calov M, Chabanova E, Harreskov EG, Jensen C, Hansen CN, Prats C, Helge JW, Larsen S, Dela F. Metabolic effects of alternate-day fasting in males with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1061063. [PMID: 36531168 PMCID: PMC9748572 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1061063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternate-day fasting induces oscillations in energy stores. We hypothesized that repeated oscillations increases insulin secretion and sensitivity, and improve metabolic health in patients with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Twenty-three male patients fasted every other day for 30 h for 6 weeks. Experiments included resting energy expenditure, continuous glucose monitoring, intravenous glucose tolerance test, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, muscle biopsies which were performed at baseline, during 3 weeks without allowed weight loss, and after additional 3 weeks with weight loss. Bodyweight decreased ∼1% and further ∼3% during weeks one to three and four to six, respectively (p < 0.05). Only minor changes in fat mass occurred in weeks 1-3. With weight loss, visceral fat content decreased by 13 ± 3% and 12 ± 2% from baseline in patients with and without T2DM, respectively (p < 0.05). Hepatic triglyceride content decreased by 17 ± 9% and 36 ± 9% (with diabetes) and 27 ± 8% and 40 ± 8% (without diabetes) from baseline to week 3 and week 6, respectively (all p < 0.05). Muscle lipid and glycogen content oscillated with the intervention. Glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion and sensitivity was impaired in patients with T2DM and did not change without weight loss, but improved (p < 0.05) when alternate day fasting was combined with weight loss. In conclusion, alternate-day fasting is feasible in patients with obesity and T2DM, and decreases visceral fat and liver fat deposits. Energy store oscillations by alternate-day fasting do not improve insulin secretion or sensitivity per se. Clinical Trial registration: (ClinicalTrials.gov), (ID NCT02420054).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hildegunn Rømma Helset
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monika Calov
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elizaveta Chabanova
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Gjerlevsen Harreskov
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Jensen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Neigaard Hansen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Prats
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn Wulff Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ashby-Thompson M, Heshka S, Rizkalla B, Zurlo R, Lemos T, Janumala I, Goodpaster B, DeLany J, Courcoulas A, Strain G, Pomp A, Kang P, Lin S, Thornton J, Gallagher D. Validity of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for estimation of visceral adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue change after surgery-induced weight loss in women with severe obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1057-1065. [PMID: 35384351 PMCID: PMC10001428 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reliable and simple methods to quantify visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and VAT changes are needed. This study investigated the validity of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for estimating VAT cross sectionally and longitudinally after surgery-induced weight loss in women with severe obesity. METHODS Women with obesity (n = 36; mean age 43 [SD 10] years; 89% White) with DXA and MRI before bariatric surgery (T0) at 12 (T12) and 24 months (T24) post surgery were included. CoreScan (GE Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois) estimated VAT from 20% of the distance between the top of the iliac crest and the base of the skull. MRI VAT (total VAT) was measured from the base of the heart to the sacrum/coccyx on a whole-body scan. RESULTS Mean DXA VAT was 45% of MRI VAT at T0, 46% at T12, and 68% at T24. DXA underestimated change in MRI VAT between T0 and T12 by 26.1% (0.81 kg, p = 0.03) and by 71.7% (0.43 kg, p < 0.001) between T12 and T24. The relationship between DXA VAT and MRI VAT differed between T12 and T24 (p value for interaction = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS CoreScan lacks validity for comparing VAT across individuals or for estimating the size of changes within individuals; however, within the limits of measurement error, it may provide a useful indicator of whether some VAT change has occurred within an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Ashby-Thompson
- New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Deparent of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stanley Heshka
- New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bridgette Rizkalla
- New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rosalie Zurlo
- Division of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Thaisa Lemos
- New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Isaiah Janumala
- New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bret Goodpaster
- AdventHealth Orlando, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - James DeLany
- AdventHealth Orlando, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Anita Courcoulas
- Deparent of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gladys Strain
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alfons Pomp
- Deparent of Surgery, University of Montréal, Montréal Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Kang
- New York Radiology Partners, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan Lin
- New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Family and Community Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Thornton
- New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dympna Gallagher
- New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Bea JW, Chen Z, Blew RM, Nicholas JS, Follis S, Bland VL, Cheng TYD, Ochs-Balcom HM, Wactawski-Wende J, Banack HR, Neuhouser ML, Laddu D, Stefanick ML, Cauley JA, Caan B, LeBoff MS, Chlebowski RT, Odegaard AO. MRI Based Validation of Abdominal Adipose Tissue Measurements From DXA in Postmenopausal Women. J Clin Densitom 2022; 25:189-197. [PMID: 34404568 PMCID: PMC8799761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a hypothesized driver of chronic disease. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) potentially offers a lower cost and more available alternative compared to gold-standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for quantification of abdominal fat sub-compartments, VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We sought to validate VAT and SAT area (cm2) from historical DXA scans against MRI. METHODOLOGY Participants (n = 69) from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) completed a 3 T MRI scan and a whole body DXA scan (Hologic QDR2000 or QDR4500; 2004-2005). A subset of 43 participants were scanned on both DXA devices. DXA-derived VAT and SAT at the 4th lumbar vertebrae (5 cm wide) were analyzed using APEX software (v4.0, Hologic, Inc., Marlborough, MA). MRI VAT and SAT areas for the corresponding DXA region of interest were quantified using sliceOmatic software (v5.0, Tomovision, Magog, Canada). Pearson correlations between MRI and DXA-derived VAT and SAT were computed, and a Bland-Altman analysis was performed. RESULTS Participants were primarily non-Hispanic white (86%) with a mean age of 70.51 ± 5.79 years and a mean BMI of 27.33 ± 5.40 kg/m2. Correlations between MRI and DXA measured VAT and SAT were 0.90 and 0.92, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). Bland-Altman plots showed that DXA-VAT slightly overestimated VAT on the QDR4500 (-3.31 cm2); this bias was greater in the smaller subset measured on the older DXA model (QDR2000; -30.71 cm2). The overestimation of DXA-SAT was large (-85.16 to -118.66 cm2), but differences were relatively uniform for the QDR4500. CONCLUSIONS New software applied to historic Hologic DXA scans provide estimates of VAT and SAT that are well-correlated with criterion MRI among postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Bea
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert M Blew
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Shawna Follis
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Victoria L Bland
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Heather M Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hailey R Banack
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Cancer Prevention Program. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deepika Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marcia L Stefanick
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bette Caan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Meryl S LeBoff
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rowan T Chlebowski
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Andrew O Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Kałużna M, Czlapka-Matyasik M, Bykowska-Derda A, Moczko J, Ruchala M, Ziemnicka K. Indirect Predictors of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comparison of Methods. Nutrients 2021; 13:2494. [PMID: 34444654 PMCID: PMC8401513 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation, is a part of a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotype. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provides a gold standard measurement of VAT. This study aimed to compare ten different indirect methods of VAT estimation in PCOS women. The study included 154 PCOS and 68 age- and BMI-matched control women. Subjects were divided into age groups: 18-30 y.o. and 30-40 y.o. Analysis included: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist/height 0.5 (WHT.5R), visceral adipose index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and fat mass index (FMI). VAT accumulation, android-to-gynoid ratio (A/G), and total body fat (TBF) was measured by DXA. ROC analysis revealed that WHtR, WHT.5R, WC, BMI, and LAP demonstrated the highest predictive value in identifying VAT in the PCOS group. Lower cut-off values of BMI (23.43 kg/m2) and WHtR (0.45) were determined in the younger PCOS group and higher thresholds of WHtR (0.52) in the older PCOS group than commonly used. Measuring either: WHtR, WHT.5R, WC, BMI, or LAP, could help identify a subgroup of PCOS patients at high cardiometabolic risk. The current observations reinforce the importance of using special cut-offs to identify VAT, dependent on age and PCOS presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kałużna
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.R.); (K.Z.)
| | - Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (M.C.-M.); (A.B.-D.)
| | - Aleksandra Bykowska-Derda
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (M.C.-M.); (A.B.-D.)
| | - Jerzy Moczko
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marek Ruchala
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.R.); (K.Z.)
| | - Katarzyna Ziemnicka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.R.); (K.Z.)
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Goldberg EK, Fung EB. Precision of the Hologic DXA in the Assessment of Visceral Adipose Tissue. J Clin Densitom 2020; 23:664-672. [PMID: 30992223 PMCID: PMC6754313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visceral fat, also known as visceral adipose tissue (VAT), has been the focus of intensive research over the past several yr, as ground breaking studies have investigated its possible role in predicting long-term cardiac dysfunction, hypertension, and diabetes. Historically, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography were the instruments of choice for visceral fat quantification. However, with the introduction of visceral fat assessment software for Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scanners, DXA's use for VAT assessment has become increasingly common. To effectively utilize DXA in future VAT research studies, information about their precision and accuracy must be known. This study provides novel information regarding the precision of the Hologic Horizon DXA scanner in the assessment of VAT. METHODS Sixty individuals (32.7 ± 17.1 yr, 51% male, 40% with body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2) above the age of 16 years were recruited to participate in this study. Subjects found to be pregnant, have a lumbar vertebral compression fracture, nonremovable metal implants in the abdomen, or scoliosis/lordosis/kyphosis were excluded from the study. All subjects underwent 3 consecutive whole body scans on a Hologic Horizon A DXA scanner. RESULTS VAT mass ranged from 102 g to 1454 g. VAT precision improved with increasing BMI (p = 0.025): coefficient of variation (%CV) was 15.2% for underweight subjects (n = 2), 7.1% for healthy subjects (n = 34), 6.4% for overweight subjects (n = 18), and 4.7% for obese subjects (n = 6). CONCLUSIONS VAT measurement by Hologic DXA displays a satisfactory level of precision in individuals with a BMI of >18.5 kg/m2. Precision was found to be higher in those with the greatest risk of cardio-metabolic dysfunction (individuals with high VAT). Due to its low cost, brief examination time, noninvasiveness, and limited radiation exposure, DXA may be considered the tool of choice for VAT determination in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen B Fung
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA; Department of Hematology, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA.
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Brimas G, Skaudzius R, Brimiene V, Vaitkus R, Kareiva A. Microstructural features of lyophilized adipose - A new concept to estimate the metabolic symptoms for obese patients. Med Hypotheses 2019; 136:109526. [PMID: 31855681 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of different morphological features in different layers of lyophilized adipose tissue. In this work the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was adopted for investigation of lyophilized adipose tissue taken from obese patients. The adipose tissue was taken from subcutaneous (SAT), preperitoneal (PAT) and visceral (VAT) layers of adipose tissue. The obtained results of the main microstructural features provided information about morphological features of subcutaneous, preperitoneal and visceral layers in obese people. The obtained SEM results possibly could be used for the estimation of metabolic symptoms and prediction different diseases. The SEM method was never used before to investigate morphology of SAT, PAT and VAT layers of lyophilized human adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintautas Brimas
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Vilnius University, Siltnamiu 29, LT-04130 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ramunas Skaudzius
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Brimiene
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Abdominal Surgery, Vilnius University, Santariskiu 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Vaitkus
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aivaras Kareiva
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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d'Angelo M, Castelli V, Tupone MG, Catanesi M, Antonosante A, Dominguez-Benot R, Ippoliti R, Cimini AM, Benedetti E. Lifestyle and Food Habits Impact on Chronic Diseases: Roles of PPARs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215422. [PMID: 31683535 PMCID: PMC6862628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that exert important functions in mediating the pleiotropic effects of diverse exogenous factors such as physical exercise and food components. Particularly, PPARs act as transcription factors that control the expression of genes implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism, and cellular proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent advancements reported on the effects of lifestyle and food habits on PPAR transcriptional activity in chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Tupone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Mariano Catanesi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Reyes Dominguez-Benot
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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Murphy J, Bacon SL, Morais JA, Tsoukas MA, Santosa S. Intra-Abdominal Adipose Tissue Quantification by Alternative Versus Reference Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1115-1122. [PMID: 31131996 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aimed to assess the agreement between intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) quantified by alternative methods and the reference standards, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases were systematically searched to identify studies that quantified IAAT thickness, area, or volume by a comparator method and CT or MRI. Using an inverse variance weighted approach (random-effects model), the mean differences and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were pooled between methods. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 24 studies using four comparator methods. The pooled mean differences were -0.3 cm (95% LoA: -3.4 to 3.2 cm; P = 0.400) for ultrasound and -11.6 cm2 (95% LoA: -43.1 to 19.9 cm2 ; P = 0.004) for bioelectrical impedance analysis. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) quantified both IAAT area and volume with mean differences of 8.1 cm2 (95% LoA: -98.9 to 115.1 cm2 ; P = 0.061) and 10 cm3 (95% LoA: -280 to 300 cm3 ; P = 0.808), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound and DXA measure IAAT with minimal bias from CT or MRI, while bioelectrical impedance analysis systematically underestimates IAAT. However, with the exception of DXA for IAAT volume, the wide LoA caution against clinical or research use of the comparator methods and emphasize the need to optimize alternatives to the reference standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Murphy
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Metabolism, Obesity and Nutrition Laboratory, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon L Bacon
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - José A Morais
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael A Tsoukas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvia Santosa
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Metabolism, Obesity and Nutrition Laboratory, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zhong Q, Lin R, Nong Q. Adiposity and Serum Selenium in U.S. Adults. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060727. [PMID: 29874857 PMCID: PMC6024359 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Requirements for selenium and other antioxidant nutrients are increased in pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory conditions such as excess adiposity. Data concerning the association of excess general and central adiposity with circulating selenium concentrations, however, are limited. We examined the cross-sectional associations of body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (%BF), and waist circumference (WC) with serum selenium concentrations in 6440 men and 6849 women aged ≥20 years who participated in the U.S. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In multivariable analyses, the average difference (95% confidence interval (CI)) in serum selenium comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles of BMI was -4.0 (-5.5, -1.6) ng/mL in both men and women. These inverse associations were evident after further adjustment for WC. For %BF, the average differences (95% CI) in serum selenium between the highest and the lowest quartiles of %BF were -1.7 (-4.2, 0.7) ng/mL in men and -4.5 (-7.0, -1.9) ng/mL in women. The inverse association in women persisted after adjusting for WC. For WC, the average differences (95% CI) in serum selenium between the highest and the lowest quartiles were -1.9 (-3.8, -0.1) ng/mL in men and -3.9 (-5.8, -2.0) ng/mL in women. After further adjustment for BMI, the inverse association became positive in men and null in women. Our findings suggest that general and central adiposity have different associations with serum selenium levels and that these associations may depend on gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuan Zhong
- Guangxi Medical University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Nanning 530021, China.
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Ruoxi Lin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Departments of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Qingjiao Nong
- Guangxi Medical University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Nanning 530021, China.
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