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Hanschkow M, Boulet N, Kempf E, Bouloumié A, Kiess W, Stein R, Körner A, Landgraf K. Expression of the Adipocyte Progenitor Markers MSCA1 and CD36 is Associated With Adipose Tissue Function in Children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e836-e851. [PMID: 34448000 PMCID: PMC8764220 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT MSCA1 (mesenchymal stem cell antigen 1) and CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36) have been described as novel adipocyte progenitor markers in adults with a potential relevance for obesity and adipocyte progenitor function. OBJECTIVE With the early manifestation of obesity in children and formation of adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, children provide the opportunity to characterize the function of MSCA1 and CD36 during physiological AT accumulation and with obesity and related disease. METHODS We investigated MSCA1 and CD36 expression in adipocytes and stroma vascular fraction (SVF) cells from 133 children of the Leipzig AT Childhood cohort with regard to AT accumulation and biology. In a subsample we analyzed how MSCA1 and CD36 expression is related to adipose progenitor capacities in vitro (ie, proliferation, differentiation and mitochondrial function). RESULTS Both MSCA1 and CD36 are differentially expressed in adipocytes and SVF cells of children. MSCA1 expression is positively correlated to obesity-associated AT dysfunction (ie, adipocyte hypertrophy and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), and high SVF MSCA1 expression is associated with increased mitochondrial respiration in vitro. CD36 expression is not associated with AT dysfunction but SVF CD36 expression is downregulated in children with overweight and obesity and shows a positive association with the differentiation capacity of SVF cells ex vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Both MSCA1 and CD36 are associated with obesity-related alterations in AT of children. In particular, CD36 expression predicts adipogenic potential of SVF cells, indicating a potential role in the regulation of adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy with obesity development in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Hanschkow
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nathalie Boulet
- University of Toulouse, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Elena Kempf
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- University of Toulouse, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Stein
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: Kathrin Landgraf, PhD, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Liebigstr. 19-21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. E-mail:
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Ruiz HH, Nguyen A, Wang C, He L, Li H, Hallowell P, McNamara C, Schmidt AM. AGE/RAGE/DIAPH1 axis is associated with immunometabolic markers and risk of insulin resistance in subcutaneous but not omental adipose tissue in human obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2083-2094. [PMID: 34103691 PMCID: PMC8380543 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The incidence of obesity continues to increase worldwide and while the underlying pathogenesis remains largely unknown, nutrient excess, manifested by "Westernization" of the diet and reduced physical activity have been proposed as key contributing factors. Western-style diets, in addition to higher caloric load, are characterized by excess of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which have been linked to the pathophysiology of obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders. AGEs can be "trapped" in adipose tissue, even in the absence of diabetes, in part due to higher expression of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and/or decreased detoxification by the endogenous glyoxalase (GLO) system, where they may promote insulin resistance. It is unknown whether the expression levels of genes linked to the RAGE axis, including AGER (the gene encoding RAGE), Diaphanous 1 (DIAPH1), the cytoplasmic domain binding partner of RAGE that contributes to RAGE signaling, and GLO1 are differentially regulated by the degree of obesity and/or how these relate to inflammatory and adipocyte markers and their metabolic consequences. SUBJECTS/METHODS We sought to answer this question by analyzing gene expression patterns of markers of the AGE/RAGE/DIAPH1 signaling axis in abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and omental (OAT) adipose tissue from obese and morbidly obese subjects. RESULTS In SAT, but not OAT, expression of AGER was significantly correlated with that of DIAPH1 (n = 16; [Formula: see text], [0.260, 1.177]; q = 0.008) and GLO1 (n = 16; [Formula: see text], [0.364, 1.182]; q = 0.004). Furthermore, in SAT, but not OAT, regression analyses revealed that the expression pattern of genes in the AGE/RAGE/DIAPH1 axis is strongly and positively associated with that of inflammatory and adipogenic markers. Remarkably, particularly in SAT, not OAT, the expression of AGER positively and significantly correlated with HOMA-IR (n = 14; [Formula: see text], [0.338, 1.249]; q = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest associations of the AGE/RAGE/DIAPH1 axis in the immunometabolic pathophysiology of obesity and insulin resistance, driven, at least in part, through expression and activity of this axis in SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Ruiz
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chan Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linchen He
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Hallowell
- General Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Coleen McNamara
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Ruby L, Sanabria SJ, Saltybaeva N, Frauenfelder T, Alkadhi H, Rominger MB. Comparison of ultrasound speed-of-sound of the lower extremity and lumbar muscle assessed with computed tomography for muscle loss assessment. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25947. [PMID: 34032704 PMCID: PMC8154376 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare the speed of propagation of ultrasound (US) waves (SoS) of the lower leg with the clinical reference standard computed tomography (CT) at the level of lumbar vertebra 3 (L3) for muscle loss assessment. Both calf muscles of 50 patients scheduled for an abdominal CT were prospectively examined with ultrasound. A plexiglas-reflector located on the opposite side of the probe with the calf in between was used as a timing reference for SoS (m/s). CT measurements were performed at the level of L3 and included area (cm2) and attenuation (HU) of the psoas muscle, abdominal muscles, subcutaneous fat, visceral fat and abdominal area. Correlations between SoS, body mass index (BMI) and CT were determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Based on reported CT sarcopenia threshold values, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed for SoS. Inter-examiner agreement was assessed with the median difference, inter-quartile range (IQR) and intraclass correlation coefficients. SoS of the calf correlated moderately with abdominal muscle attenuation (r = 0.48; P < .001), psoas muscle attenuation (r = 0.40; P < .01), abdominal area (r = -0.44; P < .01) and weakly with subcutaneous fat area (r = -0.37; P < .01). BMI correlated weakly with psoas attenuation (r = -0.28; P < .05) and non-significantly with abdominal muscle attenuation. Normalization with abdominal area resulted in moderate correlations with abdominal muscle area for SoS (r = 0.43; P < .01) and BMI (r = -0.46; P < .001). Based on sarcopenia threshold values for skeletal muscle attenuation (SMRA), area under curve (AUC) for SoS was 0.724. Median difference between both examiners was -3.4 m/s with IQR = 15.1 m/s and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.794. SoS measurements of the calf are moderately accurate based on CT sarcopenia threshold values, thus showing potential for muscle loss quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ruby
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sergio J. Sanabria
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Deusto Institute of Technology, University of Deusto/IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Natalia Saltybaeva
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Frauenfelder
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hatem Alkadhi
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marga B. Rominger
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Overweight and obesity are strongly associated with comorbidities such as hypertension and insulin resistance, which collectively contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases and resultant morbidity and mortality. Forty-two percent of adults in the United States are obese, and a total of 1.9 billion adults worldwide are overweight or obese. These alarming numbers, which continue to climb, represent a major health and economic burden. Adipose tissue is a highly dynamic organ that can be classified based on the cellular composition of different depots and their distinct anatomical localization. Massive expansion and remodeling of adipose tissue during obesity differentially affects specific adipose tissue depots and significantly contributes to vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Visceral adipose tissue accumulation results in increased immune cell infiltration and secretion of vasoconstrictor mediators, whereas expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue is less harmful. Therefore, fat distribution more than overall body weight is a key determinant of the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Thermogenic brown and beige adipose tissue, in contrast to white adipose tissue, is associated with beneficial effects on the vasculature. The relationship between the type of adipose tissue and its influence on vascular function becomes particularly evident in the context of the heterogenous phenotype of perivascular adipose tissue that is strongly location dependent. In this review, we address the abnormal remodeling of specific adipose tissue depots during obesity and how this critically contributes to the development of hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular stiffness. We also discuss the local and systemic roles of adipose tissue derived secreted factors and increased systemic inflammation during obesity and highlight their detrimental impact on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mascha Koenen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York (M.K., P.C.)
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.)
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York (M.K., P.C.)
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.)
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
- Department of Medicine (J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
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Lind L, Strand R, Kullberg J, Ahlström H. Cardiovascular-related proteins and the abdominal visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:532-539. [PMID: 33153859 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS An increased amount of visceral adipose tissues has been related to atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events. The present study aims to investigate how the abdominal fat distribution links to plasma levels of cardiovascular-related proteins. METHOD AND RESULTS In the Prospective investigation of Obesity, Energy and Metabolism (POEM) study (n = 326, all aged 50 years), abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue volumes were quantified by MRI. Eighty-six cardiovascular-related proteins were measured by the proximity extension assay (PEA). Similar investigations were carried out in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study (n = 400, all aged 75 years). In the discovery dataset (POEM), 10 proteins were related to the VAT/SAT-ratio using false discovery rate <.05. Of those, Cathepsin D (CTSD), Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1RA) and Growth hormone (GH) (inversely) were related to the VAT/SAT-ratio in the validation in PIVUS following adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking, education level and exercise habits (p < 0.05). In a secondary analysis, a meta-analysis of the two samples suggested that 15 proteins could be linked to the VAT/SAT-ratio following adjustment as above and Bonferroni-correction of the p-value. CONCLUSION Three cardiovascular-related proteins, cathepsin D, IL-1RA and growth hormone, were being associated with the distribution of abdominal adipose tissue using a discovery/validation approach. A meta-analysis of the two samples suggested that also a number of other cardiovascular-related proteins could be associated with an unfavorable abdominal fat distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Strand
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Antaros Medical AB, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Antaros Medical AB, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden.
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Sakamaki A, Yokoyama K, Koyama K, Morita S, Abe H, Kamimura K, Takamura M, Terai S. Obesity and accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue are poor prognostic factors in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242582. [PMID: 33201936 PMCID: PMC7671528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In alcoholic liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, obesity has become a problem that progresses into liver dysfunction. Herein, we investigated the relationship between the prognosis of steatohepatitis and body weight, along with fat accumulation in patients with alcoholic LC. We conducted a single-center retrospective study, enrolled 104 alcoholic LC patients without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on histological and clinical evidence, and investigated factors related to poor prognosis using multivariate Cox regression and cluster analyses. Cox regression analysis revealed three independent relevant factors: subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) index (median 34.8 cm2/m2, P = 0.009, hazard ratio [HR] 1.017, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.004-1.030), total bilirubin level (median 1.7 mg/dL, P = 0.003, HR 1.129, 95% CI 1.042-1.223), and prothrombin time value (median 64%, P = 0.007, HR 0.967, 95% CI 0.943-0.991). In the cluster analysis, we categorized the patients into three groups: no adipose tissue accumulation (NAT group), SAT prior accumulation (SAT group), and visceral adipose tissue prior accumulation (VAT group). The results of the three groups revealed that the SAT group displayed a significantly poor prognosis of the Kaplan-Meier curve (67.1 vs 21.2 vs 65.3, P<0.001) of a 5-year survival rate. Propensity score matching analysis of the SAT and VAT groups was performed to adjust the patient's background, but no significant differences were found between them; however, the prognosis was poorer (21.2 vs 66.3, P<0.001), and hemostatic factors were still at a lower level in the SAT group. These findings suggest that SAT accumulation type of obesity is a poor prognostic factor in alcoholic LC patients without HCC, and the hemorrhagic tendency might worsen the poor prognosis in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sakamaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kunihiko Yokoyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kyutaro Koyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shinichi Morita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Yang Y, Ding L, Zou X, Shen Y, Hu D, Hu X, Li Z, Kamel IR. Visceral Adiposity and High Intramuscular Fat Deposition Independently Predict Critical Illness in Patients with SARS-CoV-2. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:2040-2048. [PMID: 32677752 PMCID: PMC7405187 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the association between adipose tissue distribution and severity of clinical course in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. METHODS For this retrospective study, 143 hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who underwent an unenhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan between January 1, 2020, and March 30, 2020, were included. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection. RESULTS There were 45 patients who were identified as critically ill. High visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (called visceral adiposity) (odds ratio: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.05-5.98, P = 0.040) and low mean attenuation of skeletal muscle (called high intramuscular fat [IMF] deposition) (odds ratio: 11.90; 95% CI: 4.50-36.14; P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for critical illness. Furthermore, visceral adiposity or high IMF deposition increased the risk of mechanical ventilation (P = 0.013, P < 0.001, respectively). High IMF deposition increased the risk of death (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 patients with visceral adiposity or high IMF deposition have higher risk for critical illness. Therefore, patients with abdominal obesity should be monitored more carefully when hospitalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of RadiologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Lin Ding
- Department of RadiologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xianlun Zou
- Department of RadiologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Yaqi Shen
- Department of RadiologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Daoyu Hu
- Department of RadiologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of RadiologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of RadiologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Ihab R. Kamel
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins HospitalBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Noordam R, Boersma V, Verkouter I, le Cessie S, Christen T, Lamb HJ, Rosendaal FR, Willems van Dijk K, van Heemst D, de Mutsert R. The role of C-reactive protein, adiponectin and leptin in the association between abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance in middle-aged individuals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1306-1314. [PMID: 32507340 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the present study, we assessed the extent of mediation by low-grade systemic inflammation and adipokines in the association between abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional analysis of baseline measurements of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study, total body fat (TBF) was measured in all (n = 5772) participants who did not have missing data and neither used glucose-lowering medication, and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (aSAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were assessed by MRI in a random subgroup (n = 2448). C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, and leptin were considered as potential mediators, and insulin resistance was assessed by Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Mediation by CRP, adiponectin, and leptin was studied by including the mediators to the fully adjusted linear regression model. Participants had a mean (SD) age of 56 (6) years, TBF of 36 (9) %, VAT of 119 (61) cm2 and aSAT of 300 (111) cm2. Per SD of TBF, VAT and aSAT, HOMA-IR was 64% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59-70), 33% (95%CI: 28-42) and 20% (95%CI: 14-26) higher, respectively. The association between aSAT and HOMA-IR fully disappeared after adjustment for leptin; the association between VAT and HOMA-IR attenuated after adjustment for leptin (22%) and adiponectin (15%). No mediation was observed by CRP, and mediation estimates were similar in men and women. CONCLUSION Where leptin fully explained the aSAT-HOMA-IR association, the VAT-HOMA-IR association was only partly explained by leptin and adiponectin similarly in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vesna Boersma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Verkouter
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia le Cessie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Datasciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Christen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Battaglia Y, Ullo I, Massarenti S, Esposito P, Prencipe M, Ciancio G, Provenzano M, Fiorini F, Andreucci M, Storari A, Sabatino A, Fiaccadori E, Granata A. Ultrasonography of Quadriceps Femoris Muscle and Subcutaneous Fat Tissue and Body Composition by BIVA in Chronic Dialysis Patients. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051388. [PMID: 32408709 PMCID: PMC7285004 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein Energy Wasting (PEW) in hemodialysis (HD) patients is a multifactorial condition due to specific pathology-related pathogenetic mechanisms, leading to loss of skeletal muscle mass in HD patients. Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging still represent the gold standard techniques for body composition assessment. However, their widespread application in clinical practice is difficult and body composition evaluation in HD patients is mainly based on conventional anthropometric nutritional indexes and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA). Little data is currently available on ultrasound (US)-based measurements of muscle mass and fat tissue in this clinical setting. The purpose of our study is to ascertain: (1) if there are differences between quadriceps rectus femoris muscle (QRFM) thickness and abdominal/thigh subcutaneous fat tissue (SFT) measured by US between HD patients and healthy subjects; (2) if there is any correlation between QRFM and abdominal/thigh SFT thickness by US, and BIVA/conventional nutritional indexes in HD patients. We enrolled 65 consecutive HD patients and 33 healthy subjects. Demographic and laboratory were collected. The malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) was calculated. Using B-mode US system, the QRFM and SFT thicknesses were measured at the level of three landmarks in both thighs (superior anterior iliac spine, upper pole of the patella, the midpoint of the tract included between the previous points). SFT was also measured at the level of the periumbilical point. The mono frequency (50 KHz) BIVA was conducted using bioelectrical measurements (Rz, resistance; Xc, reactance; adjusted for height, Rz/H and Xc/H; PA, phase angle). 58.5% were men and the mean age was 69 (SD 13.7) years. QRFM and thigh SFT thicknesses were reduced in HD patients as compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.01). Similarly, also BIVA parameters, expression of lean body mass, were lower (p < 0.001), except for Rz and Rz/H in HD patients. The average QRFM thickness of both thighs at top, mid, lower landmarks were positively correlated with PA and body cell mass (BCM) by BIVA, while negatively correlated with Rz/H (p < 0.05). Abdominal SFT was positively correlated with PA, BCM and basal metabolic rate (BMR) (p < 0.05). Our study shows that ultrasound QRFM and thigh SFT thicknesses were reduced in HD patients and that muscle ultrasound measurements were significantly correlated with BIVA parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Battaglia
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, St. Anna University Hospital, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-393-432-0061
| | - Ines Ullo
- Division of Nephrology, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Sara Massarenti
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Michele Prencipe
- Division of Nephrology, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Ciancio
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Michele Provenzano
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Fulvio Fiorini
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” Hospital, 45100 Rovigo, Italy;
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Alda Storari
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, St. Anna University Hospital, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Alice Sabatino
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Parma University Hospital, 43121 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Enrico Fiaccadori
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Parma University Hospital, 43121 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Antonio Granata
- Division of Nephrology, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 92100 Agrigento, Italy;
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10
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Risdon S, Meyer G, Marziou A, Riva C, Roustit M, Walther G. Artificial sweeteners impair endothelial vascular reactivity: Preliminary results in rodents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:843-846. [PMID: 32278610 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Prospective epidemiological studies highlighted recently the link between artificial sweeteners (AS) consumption and the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. However, underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Thus, the aim of this preliminary study was to characterize, in a healthy rat population, the effect of chronic AS consumption on body composition and vascular function, an early marker for cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy Wistar rats followed a 10-week standard diet including the consumption of water sweetened or not with a sucralose/acesulfame potassium solution at different concentrations: for moderate consumption at 1 and 2 mg.kg-1.day-1, respectively or high intake at 15 and 15 mg.kg-1.day-1 for both molecules (acceptable daily intake). Body fat composition has been evaluated and ex vivo aortic vasomotor function has been investigated with a pharmacological approach. CONCLUSION Both groups of AS-treated rats showed a significant increase in subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissue mass storage, without changes in total body mass. However, rats that have consumed AS at Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) concentration revealed a significant vascular endothelial dysfunction compared to other groups. These results are interesting because they will help to better explain the observed increase in cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Risdon
- Avignon University, LAPEC EA4278, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Grégory Meyer
- Avignon University, LAPEC EA4278, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | | | - Catherine Riva
- Avignon University, LAPEC EA4278, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Matthieu Roustit
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1042, 38000 Grenoble, France; Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology, Inserm CIC1406, 38000 Grenoble, France
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11
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Abstract
CONTEXT Aging is accompanied by inhibited fat cell mobilization of fatty acids through lipolysis, which may contribute to decreased energy expenditure in elderly subjects. However, the influence of menstrual status is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of menstrual status on changes in lipolysis induced by aging. DESIGN A longitudinal investigation with a mean 13-year interval. SETTING Ambulatory study at a clinical academic unit. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-two continuously recruited women between 24 and 62 years of age and with body mass index 21 to 48 kg/m2 at first examination. Twenty-nine women continued to have normal menstruation, 42 developed irregular menstruation/menopause, and 11 had a perimenstrual/menopausal phenotype already at the first examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Lipolysis measured as glycerol release from isolated subcutaneous fat cells incubated in vitro. RESULTS On average, body weight/body fat mass levels did not change over time. In all 3 groups, aging was associated with a similar decrease in spontaneous (basal) and catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis. The latter was due to decreased signal transduction through stimulatory beta adrenoceptors and increased alpha-2-adrenoceptor-mediated antilipolytic effects. Gene microarray data from adipose tissue at baseline and follow-up (n = 53) showed that a limited set of lipolysis-linked genes, including phosphodiesterase-3B, were altered over time, but this was independent of menstrual status. Fat cell size also decreased during aging, but this could not explain the decrease in lipolysis. CONCLUSIONS In women, the rate of fat cell lipolysis decreases during aging due to multiple alterations in spontaneous (basal) and catecholamine-induced lipolysis. This is independent of changes in menstrual status or fat cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Brimas G, Skaudzius R, Brimiene V, Vaitkus R, Kareiva A. Microstructural features of lyophilized adipose - A new concept to estimate the metabolic symptoms for obese patients. Med Hypotheses 2019; 136:109526. [PMID: 31855681 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of different morphological features in different layers of lyophilized adipose tissue. In this work the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was adopted for investigation of lyophilized adipose tissue taken from obese patients. The adipose tissue was taken from subcutaneous (SAT), preperitoneal (PAT) and visceral (VAT) layers of adipose tissue. The obtained results of the main microstructural features provided information about morphological features of subcutaneous, preperitoneal and visceral layers in obese people. The obtained SEM results possibly could be used for the estimation of metabolic symptoms and prediction different diseases. The SEM method was never used before to investigate morphology of SAT, PAT and VAT layers of lyophilized human adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintautas Brimas
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Vilnius University, Siltnamiu 29, LT-04130 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ramunas Skaudzius
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Brimiene
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Abdominal Surgery, Vilnius University, Santariskiu 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Vaitkus
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aivaras Kareiva
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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13
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Kure T, Mawatari S, Imamura Y, Oda K, Kumagai K, Hiramine Y, Miyahara H, Kanmura S, Moriuchi A, Uto H, Horiuchi M, Ido A. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with both subcutaneous and visceral adiposity: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17879. [PMID: 31725632 PMCID: PMC6867727 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome because of the association with visceral obesity. However, the association between NAFLD and subcutaneous fat accumulation remains unclear.The study population included 3197 participants in regular health checkups, who were both hepatitis B virus surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibody-negative, and consumed <20 g of alcohol per day. They were divided according to 4 quantiles of subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and visceral fat area (VFA) on computed tomography. Fatty liver was diagnosed using ultrasonography (FL-US).The prevalence of FL-US increased across the SFA categories, even after adjusting for the VFA, in both men (P < .001) and women (P < .001). This significant association between FL-US and the SFA was already detected from the second SFA quantile. It is noteworthy that the mean body mass index (BMI) of the subjects in the second quantile was 23.7 kg/m in men and 22.6 kg/m in women. Independent positive associations were observed between alanine aminotransferase elevation, and both the SFA and VFA in men, while gamma glutamyl transpeptidase elevation was independently associated with the VFA, but not the SFA, in both men and women. Similarly, the components of metabolic syndrome were independently associated with the VFA, but were less strongly associated (or not associated at all) with the SFA.This cross-sectional study suggests that NAFLD is independently associated with both visceral and subcutaneous adiposity ab initio, which is a characteristic that distinguishes NAFLD from other components of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kure
- Department of Hepatology, Kagoshima Kouseiren Hospital, Yojirou, Kagoshima, Japan
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Shiroyama-cho, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mawatari
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasushi Imamura
- Department of Hepatology, Kagoshima Kouseiren Hospital, Yojirou, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Oda
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kumagai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasunari Hiramine
- Department of Hepatology, Kagoshima Kouseiren Hospital, Yojirou, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hironori Miyahara
- Medical Health Care Center, Kagoshima Kouseiren Hospital, Yojirou, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kanmura
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Moriuchi
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Shiroyama-cho, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Uto
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Miyazaki Medical Center Hospital, Takamatsu-cho, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masahisa Horiuchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
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14
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Causeret A, Lapègue F, Bruneau B, Dreano T, Ropars M, Guillin R. Painful Traumatic Neuromas in Subcutaneous Fat: Visibility and Morphologic Features With Ultrasound. J Ultrasound Med 2019; 38:2457-2467. [PMID: 30690764 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subcutaneous neuromas usually result from trauma and may lead to dissatisfaction in patients with a trigger point, loss of sensitivity in the relevant territory of innervation, and spontaneous neuropathic pain. Confirming clinically suspected cases of neuroma may prove difficult. The objective of this study was to evaluate the visibility and morphologic features of traumatic subcutaneous neuromas of the limbs with ultrasound (US). METHODS Between January 2012 and August 2016, 38 consecutive patients clinically suspected of having subcutaneous neuromas were investigated with US. The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of a focal morphologic abnormality of the nerve associated with trigger pain. Each neuroma was classified into 1 of 3 subtypes based on its injury pattern. The subtypes were terminal neuroma, spindle neuroma, and scar encasement, either isolated or associated with these subtypes. RESULTS Forty-four lesions were found in the 38 patients, including 29 spindle neuromas (65.9%), 14 terminal neuromas (31.8%) and 1 scar encasement with no nerve caliber abnormality (2.3%). Fifteen neuromas (35% of all neuromas) were associated with scar encasement. In 13 cases that required surgery, the diagnosis of neuroma or scar encasement could be surgically proven and confirmed the validity of the US findings. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound can be used to show and classify subcutaneous nerves of the upper and lower limbs with high accuracy. The US trigger sign provides an indication of neuroma involvement in pain. This modality can play a substantial role both in the preoperative planning of neuroma surgery and in therapeutic US-guided procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Causeret
- Department of Medical Imaging, Rennes University Hospitals, Sud Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Franck Lapègue
- Department of Medical Imaging, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Bruneau
- Department of Medical Imaging, Rennes University Hospitals, Sud Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Dreano
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Mickaël Ropars
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Raphaël Guillin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Rennes University Hospitals, Sud Hospital, Rennes, France
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15
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Omidifar A, Toolabi K, Rahimipour A, Emamgholipour S, Shanaki M. The gene expression of CTRP12 but not CTRP13 is upregulated in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese subjects. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2593-2599. [PMID: 31405681 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a well-known chronic low-grade inflammation condition characterized by dysregulated adipokine secretion and function. Both CTRP12 and CTRP13 are adipokines that influence glucose and lipid metabolism. We aimed to investigate CTRP12, CTRP13, and inflammatory gene expressions in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from obese women who underwent bariatric surgery in comparison with the normal weight women. This case-control study included 20 obese [body mass index (BMI) > 35-40 kg/m2] candidates for bariatric surgery and 20 normal-weight women (BMI <25 kg/m2) as control group, who underwent elective surgeries. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression levels of CTRP12, CTRP13, and inflammatory genes in SAT and VAT from both groups. We observed significantly higher mRNA expression of CTRP12 in SAT (p = 0.048) and VAT (p = 0.046) from obese patients compared to the controls. There was significantly greater expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 inflammatory genes in SAT (p = 0.013 and p = 0.005 respectively) and VAT (p = 0.000 and p = 0.001 respectively) of obese patients compared to the control group. IL-1β (p = 0.015) and TNF-α (p = 0.014) expressions significantly increased in VAT from obese patients compared to the control group. Spearman correlation analysis showed that CTRP12 expression significantly correlated with obesity indices. Our findings showed that CTRP12 significantly increased in both VAT and SAT of obese group. More importantly, we observed a positive correlation between CTRP12 with inflammatory parameters. These results indicated that CTRP12 might be part of an intricate network for glucose metabolism and obesity-related inflammation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Omidifar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Karamollah Toolabi
- Department of Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Rahimipour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrnoosh Shanaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Kjellberg E, Roswall J, Andersson J, Bergman S, Karlsson AK, Svensson PA, Kullberg J, Dahlgren J. Metabolic Risk Factors Associated with Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in a Sex-Specific Manner in Seven-Year-Olds. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:982-988. [PMID: 31004397 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate how visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volumes were associated with metabolic risk factors in 7-year-old children. METHODS A total of 81 children (52% girls) from a Swedish birth cohort were studied. At 6 years of age, anthropometric data, fasting insulin, glucose, cholesterol, and blood pressure were collected on 53 children with normal weight and 28 children with overweight or obesity, and insulin resistance was estimated. At 7 years of age, magnetic resonance imaging quantified VAT and SAT. Sex and regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS SAT was more strongly associated with metabolic risk factors than VAT. The associations between VAT and metabolic risk factors were stronger in girls (P < 0.05). When VAT was adjusted for birth weight and maternal BMI and education, it accounted for 51% of insulin variance (β = 11.72; P = 0.001) but only in girls. The key finding of this study was that adjusted SAT accounted for 63% of the fasting insulin variance in girls (β = 2.76; P < 0.001). Waist circumference was the best anthropometric marker for insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance was associated with abdominal adipose tissue and its associated metabolic risk factors in children as young as 7 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kjellberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefine Roswall
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallands Hospital Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Andersson
- Department of Radiology, Institution of Surgical Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bergman
- Primary Health Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Katrine Karlsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pär-Arne Svensson
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Radiology, Institution of Surgical Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jovanna Dahlgren
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Bradshaw PT, Feliciano EMC, Prado CM, Alexeeff S, Albers KB, Chen WY, Caan BJ. Adipose Tissue Distribution and Survival Among Women with Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:997-1004. [PMID: 31021535 PMCID: PMC6533153 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies of breast cancer survival have not considered specific depots of adipose tissue such as subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). METHODS This study assessed these relationships among 3,235 women with stage II and III breast cancer diagnosed between 2005 and 2013 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California and between 2000 and 2012 at Dana Farber Cancer Institute. SAT and VAT areas (in centimeters squared) were calculated from routine computed tomography scans within 6 (median: 1.2) months of diagnosis, covariates were collected from electronic health records, and vital status was assessed by death records. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox regression. RESULTS SAT and VAT ranged from 19.0 to 891 cm2 and from 0.484 to 454 cm2 , respectively. SAT was related to increased risk of death (127-cm2 increase; HR [95% CI]: 1.13 [1.02-1.26]), but no relationship was found with VAT (78.18-cm2 increase; HR [95% CI]: 1.02 [0.91-1.14]). An association with VAT was noted among women with stage II cancer (stage II: HR: 1.17 [95% CI: 0.99-1.39]; stage III: HR: 0.90 [95% CI: 0.76-1.07]; P interaction < 0.01). Joint increases in SAT and VAT were associated with mortality above either alone (simultaneous 1-SD increase: HR 1.19 [95% CI: 1.05-1.34]). CONCLUSIONS SAT may be an underappreciated risk factor for breast cancer-related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T. Bradshaw
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | | | - Carla M. Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stacey Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Kathleen B. Albers
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Wendy Y. Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bette J. Caan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
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18
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Yan Y, Liu J, Zhao X, Cheng H, Huang G, Mi J. Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in association with cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: the China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health (CCACH) study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000824. [PMID: 31875134 PMCID: PMC6904186 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study consisted of 8460 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years from Chinese urban areas who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and had metabolic risk factors measured. RESULTS In multivariate analysis adjusted for region, family income, age, puberty development, physical activity, and smoking, VAT and SAT were significantly associated with all metabolic risk factors for both sexes (all p<0.01). After additional adjustment for fat mass index, most of these associations remain significantly positive. In boys, SAT had greater ORs for all risk factors compared with VAT; in girls, however, SAT had greater odds for high triglycerides, smaller odds for high low-density lipid cholesterol, and similar odds for other risk factors compared with VAT. In addition, boys had greater magnitude of associations of SAT with high total cholesterol, high low-density lipid cholesterol, and low high-density lipid cholesterol compared with girls; no sex differences for VAT were observed. CONCLUSIONS Both abdominal VAT and SAT have adverse impacts on most of the cardiometabolic risk factors in youth. However, their relative contributions differ between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinkun Yan
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Junting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Guimin Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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McLaughlin T, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, Yee G, Carter S, Cushman SW. Dietary weight loss in insulin-resistant non-obese humans: Metabolic benefits and relationship to adipose cell size. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:62-68. [PMID: 30497926 PMCID: PMC6410738 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Overweight and obesity increase risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, largely through development of insulin resistance. Benefits of dietary weight loss are documented for obese individuals with insulin resistance. Similar benefits have not been shown in overweight individuals. We sought to quantify whether dietary weight loss improves metabolic risk profile in overweight insulin-resistant individuals, and evaluated potential mediators between weight loss and metabolic response. METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy volunteers with BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 underwent detailed metabolic phenotyping including insulin-mediated-glucose disposal, fasting/daylong glucose, insulin, triglycerides, FFA, and cholesterol. Subcutaneous fat biopsies were performed for measurement of adipose cell size. After 14 weeks of hypocaloric diet and 2 weeks of weight maintenance, cardiometabolic measures and biopsies were repeated. Changes in weight, % body fat, waist circumference, adipose cell size and FFA were evaluated as predictors of change in insulin resistance. Weight loss (4.3 kg) yielded significant improvements in insulin resistance and all cardiovascular risk markers except glucose, HDL-C, and LDL-C. Improvement in insulin sensitivity was greater among those with <2 vs >2 cardiovascular risk factors at baseline. Decrease in adipose cell size and waist circumference, but not weight or body fat, independently predicted improvement in insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss yields metabolic health benefits in insulin-resistant overweight adults, even in the absence of classic cardiovascular risk factors. Weight loss-related improvement in insulin sensitivity may be mediated through changes in adipose cell size and/or central distribution of body fat. The insulin-resistant subgroup of overweight individuals should be identified and targeted for dietary weight loss. CLINICAL TRIALS IDENTIFIER NCT00186459.
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Affiliation(s)
- T McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - F Abbasi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - C Lamendola
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - G Yee
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - S Carter
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - S W Cushman
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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20
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Abstract
Despite the existing preventative and therapeutic measures, cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of temporary disability, long-term disability, and mortality. Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and their complications. However, not all fat depots have the same inflammatory, paracrine, and metabolic activities. In addition, recent studies have indicated that the accumulation of visceral fat, rather than subcutaneous fat, is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. However, there is also evidence that increasing the area of visceral fat can help protect against lipotoxicity. This review aims to discuss the contemporary literature regarding the characteristics of the visceral, epicardial, and perivascular fat depots, as well as their associations with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gruzdeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Kemerovo State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Daria Borodkina
- Autonomous Public Healthcare Institution of the Kemrovo Region, Kemerovo Regional Clinical Hospital named after S.V. Beliyaev, Regional Center for Diabetes, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenya Uchasova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia Dyleva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Barbarash
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Kemerovo State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
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21
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Ping Z, Pei X, Xia P, Chen Y, Guo R, Hu C, Imam MU, Chen Y, Sun P, Liu L. Anthropometric indices as surrogates for estimating abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue: A meta-analysis with 16,129 participants. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 143:310-319. [PMID: 30086371 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To seek anthropometric indices that estimate visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT) by meta-analysis and comparing the predictive efficacy based on different characteristics of participants. METHODS PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases were searched for publications containing correlation coefficients of VAT and/or SAT with waist circumference (WC) and/or body mass index (BMI). The overall or subgroup pooled results were analyzed by meta and metafor packages of R with random effects model. MedCalc software was used to compare the correlation coefficients between groups. RESULTS Twenty-nine publications were included in this meta-analysis. The correlation coefficients of VAT-WC, VAT-BMI, SAT-WC and SAT-BMI for total studies were between 0.640 and 0.785. The correlation of VAT with WC was larger than that with BMI (Z = 11.664, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the correlation coefficients of VAT-WC were statistically different among different age groups, areas, ethnicities, body shapes, scanning levels, units and instruments of measuring VAT (P < 0.05). The overall correlation of SAT with BMI was larger than that with WC (Z = 3.805, P < 0.001). The subgroups' correlation coefficients of SAT-BMI showed statistical differences between genders, age groups, areas, ethnicities, body shapes, scanning levels, units (cm2 and cm3) and instruments of measuring SAT (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS WC may be a common and simple surrogate for estimating VAT, and BMI for SAT, especially in Europeans, but not in the aged people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Ping
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peige Xia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuansi Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Rui Guo
- The Nursing College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chenxi Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Yanzi Chen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Panpan Sun
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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22
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Nyman K, Granér M, Pentikäinen MO, Lundbom J, Hakkarainen A, Sirén R, Nieminen MS, Taskinen MR, Lundbom N, Lauerma K. Metabolic syndrome associates with left atrial dysfunction. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:727-734. [PMID: 29764718 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are risk factors of atrial fibrillation (AF), but limited data exist on their effect on left atrial (LA) function. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of cardiac, hepatic and intra-abdominal ectopic fat depots and cardiometabolic risk factors on LA function in non-diabetic male subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS Myocardial and hepatic triglyceride contents were measured with 1.5T 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and LA and left ventricular function, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), epicardial and pericardial fat by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 33 men with MetS and 40 men without MetS. LA volumes were assessed using a novel three-chamber orientation based MRI approach. LA ejection fraction (EF) was lower in MetS patients than in the control group (44 ± 7.7% in MetS vs. 49 ± 8.6% in controls, p = 0.013) without LA enlargement, indicating LA dysfunction. LA EF correlated negatively with waist circumference, body mass index, SAT, VAT, fasting serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, and positively with fasting serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. VAT was the best predictor of reduced LA EF. CONCLUSIONS MetS associates with subclinical LA dysfunction. Multiple components of MetS are related to LA dysfunction, notably visceral obesity and insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of mechanical atrial remodeling in the development of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nyman
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - M Granér
- Heart and Lung Center, Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Research Programs' Unit, University of Helsinki and Clinical Research Institute, HUCH Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M O Pentikäinen
- Heart and Lung Center, Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Lundbom
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Hakkarainen
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Sirén
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Health Care Centre of City of Helsinki and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M S Nieminen
- Heart and Lung Center, Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M-R Taskinen
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Research Programs' Unit, University of Helsinki and Clinical Research Institute, HUCH Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Lundbom
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Lauerma
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Kuo AH, Li C, Mattern V, Huber HF, Comuzzie A, Cox L, Schwab M, Nathanielsz PW, Clarke GD. Sex-dimorphic acceleration of pericardial, subcutaneous, and plasma lipid increase in offspring of poorly nourished baboons. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:1092-1096. [PMID: 29463919 PMCID: PMC6019612 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Developmental programming by reduced maternal nutrition alters function in multiple offspring physiological systems, including lipid metabolism. We have shown that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) leads to offspring cardiovascular dysfunction with an accelerated aging phenotype in our nonhuman primate, baboon model. We hypothesized age-advanced pericardial fat and blood lipid changes. In pregnancy and lactation, pregnant baboons ate ad lib (control) or 70% ad lib diet (IUGR). We studied baboon offspring pericardial lipid deposition with magnetic resonance imaging at 5-6 years (human equivalent 20-24 years), skinfold thickness, and serum lipid profile at 8-9 years (human equivalent 32-36 years), comparing values with a normative life-course baboon cohort, 4-23 years. Increased pericardial fat deposition occurred in IUGR males but not females. Female but not male total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and subcutaneous fat were increased with a trend of triglycerides increase. When comparing IUGR changes to values in normal older baboons, the increase in male apical pericardial fat was equivalent to advancing age by 6 years and the increase in female low-density lipoprotein to an increase of 3 years. We conclude that reduced maternal diet accelerates offspring lipid changes in a sex-dimorphic manner. The interaction between programming and accelerated lipogenesis warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson H Kuo
- Department of Radiology and Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vicki Mattern
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hillary F Huber
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | | | - Laura Cox
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Hans Berger Department for Neurology, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Clarke
- Department of Radiology and Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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24
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Schugar RC, Shih DM, Warrier M, Helsley RN, Burrows A, Ferguson D, Brown AL, Gromovsky AD, Heine M, Chatterjee A, Li L, Li XS, Wang Z, Willard B, Meng Y, Kim H, Che N, Pan C, Lee RG, Crooke RM, Graham MJ, Morton RE, Langefeld CD, Das SK, Rudel LL, Zein N, McCullough AJ, Dasarathy S, Tang WHW, Erokwu BO, Flask CA, Laakso M, Civelek M, Naga Prasad SV, Heeren J, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL, Brown JM. The TMAO-Producing Enzyme Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 3 Regulates Obesity and the Beiging of White Adipose Tissue. Cell Rep 2018. [PMID: 28636934 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that microbes resident in the human intestine represent a key environmental factor contributing to obesity-associated disorders. Here, we demonstrate that the gut microbiota-initiated trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-generating pathway is linked to obesity and energy metabolism. In multiple clinical cohorts, systemic levels of TMAO were observed to strongly associate with type 2 diabetes. In addition, circulating TMAO levels were associated with obesity traits in the different inbred strains represented in the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel. Further, antisense oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown or genetic deletion of the TMAO-producing enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) conferred protection against obesity in mice. Complimentary mouse and human studies indicate a negative regulatory role for FMO3 in the beiging of white adipose tissue. Collectively, our studies reveal a link between the TMAO-producing enzyme FMO3 and obesity and the beiging of white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Schugar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Diana M Shih
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Manya Warrier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Robert N Helsley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Amy Burrows
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Daniel Ferguson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Amanda L Brown
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anthony D Gromovsky
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Lin Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xinmin S Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - YongHong Meng
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hanjun Kim
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nam Che
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard G Lee
- Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Rosanne M Crooke
- Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Mark J Graham
- Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Richard E Morton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA
| | - Swapan K Das
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA
| | - Lawrence L Rudel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA
| | - Nizar Zein
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Arthur J McCullough
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bernadette O Erokwu
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Chris A Flask
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | | | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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25
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Kruglikov IL, Wollina U. The role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in psoriasis. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:159-161. [PMID: 29504381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that obesity is a systemic comorbidity factor in psoriasis. At the same time, there is rapidly growing evidence that the adipose tissue is not only systemically but also locally involved in the pathophysiology of psoriasis and in response to successful anti-psoriatic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - U Wollina
- Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, Germany
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26
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Kim E, Lim SM, Kim MS, Yoo SH, Kim Y. Phyllodulcin, a Natural Sweetener, Regulates Obesity-Related Metabolic Changes and Fat Browning-Related Genes of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101049. [PMID: 28934139 PMCID: PMC5691666 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllodulcin is a natural sweetener found in Hydrangea macrophylla var. thunbergii. This study investigated whether phyllodulcin could improve metabolic abnormalities in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Animals were fed a 60% HFD for 6 weeks to induce obesity, followed by 7 weeks of supplementation with phyllodulcin (20 or 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day). Stevioside (40 mg/kg b.w./day) was used as a positive control. Phyllodulcin supplementation reduced subcutaneous fat mass, levels of plasma lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and improved the levels of leptin, adiponectin, and fasting blood glucose. In subcutaneous fat tissues, supplementation with stevioside or phyllodulcin significantly decreased mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related genes, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1C (SREBP-1c) compared to the high-fat group. Phyllodulcin supplementation significantly increased the expression of fat browning-related genes, including PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), compared to the high-fat group. Hypothalamic brain-derived neurotrophic factor-tropomyosin receptor kinase B (BDNF-TrkB) signaling was upregulated by phyllodulcin supplementation. In conclusion, phyllodulcin is a potential sweetener that could be used to combat obesity by regulating levels of leptin, fat browning-related genes, and hypothalamic BDNF-TrkB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Soo-Min Lim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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27
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Schumann U, Jenkinson CP, Alt A, Zügel M, Steinacker JM, Flechtner-Mors M. Sympathetic nervous system activity and anti-lipolytic response to iv-glucose load in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese and obese type 2 diabetic subjects. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173803. [PMID: 28346464 PMCID: PMC5367786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aim was to investigate the effect of endogenous insulin release on lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue after adrenergic stimulation in obese subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In 14 obese female T2D subjects, or 14 obese non-T2D controls, glycerol concentration was measured in response to the α1,2,ß-agonist norepinephrine, the α1-agonist norfenefrine and the ß2-agonist terbutaline (each 10-4 M), using the microdialysis technique. After 60 minutes of stimulation, an intravenous glucose load (0.5 g/kg lean body mass) was given. Local blood flow was monitored by means of the ethanol technique. Norepinephrine and norfenefrine induced a four and three fold rise in glycerol dialysate concentration (p<0.001, each), with a similar pattern in adipose tissue. Following agonist stimulation and glucose infusion, endogenous insulin release inhibited lipolysis in the presence of norepinephrine, which was more rapid and pronounced in healthy obese controls than in T2D subjects (p = 0.024 obese vs T2D subjects). Insulin-induced inhibition of lipolysis in the presence of norfenefrine was similar in all study participants. In the presence of terbutaline the lipolysis rate increased two fold until the effect of endogenous insulin (p<0.001). A similar insulin-induced decrease in lipolysis was observed for each of the norfenefrine groups and the terbutaline groups, respectively. Adipose tissue blood flow remained unchanged after the iv-glucose load. Both norepinephrine and norfenefrine diminished blood flow slightly, but insulin reversed this response (p<0.001 over the entire time). Terbutaline alone and terbutaline plus increased endogenous insulin augmented local blood flow (p<0.001 over the entire time). In conclusion, a difference in insulin-induced inhibition of lipolysis was observed in obese T2D subjects compared to obese healthy controls following modulation of sympathetic nervous system activity and is assumed to be due to ß1-adrenoceptor mediated stimulation by norepinephrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Schumann
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Center, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher P. Jenkinson
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andreas Alt
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martina Zügel
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Center, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen M. Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Center, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marion Flechtner-Mors
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Center, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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28
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Gruszfeld D, Weber M, Gradowska K, Socha P, Grote V, Xhonneux A, Dain E, Verduci E, Riva E, Closa-Monasterolo R, Escribano J, Koletzko B. Association of early protein intake and pre-peritoneal fat at five years of age: Follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:824-832. [PMID: 27212617 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The double-blind randomized European Childhood Obesity Project (CHOP) demonstrated that reduced protein content in infant formula leads to a lower body mass index (BMI) up to six years of age. Here we aimed at assessing pre-peritoneal fat, a marker of visceral fat, in children participating in the CHOP trial. METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy term formula-fed infants in five European countries were randomized either to higher (n = 550) or lower (n = 540) protein formulas in the first year of life. Infants who were exclusively breastfed for at least three months (n = 588) were enrolled as an observational (non randomized) group. At age 5 years, subcutaneous fat (SC) and pre-peritoneal fat (PP) were measured by ultrasound in a subgroup of 275 children. The PP fat layer was thicker in the higher compared to the lower protein group (adjusted estimated difference: 0.058 cm, 95%CI 0.002; 0.115; p = 0.043), while SC fat was not different. Girls showed a thicker SC fat layer than boys. CONCLUSIONS Higher protein intake in formula-fed infants appears to enhance pre-peritoneal fat tissue accumulation at the age of 5 years, but not of subcutaneous fat, which may trigger adverse metabolic and health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gruszfeld
- Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - M Weber
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - K Gradowska
- Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Socha
- Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - V Grote
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - A Xhonneux
- CHC Saint Vincent, Liège-Rocourt, Belgium
| | - E Dain
- University Children's Hospital Queen Fabiola, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Verduci
- San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - E Riva
- San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - J Escribano
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - B Koletzko
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
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Fialho A, Fialho A, Thota P, McCullough A, Shen B. Higher visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio is associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:773-777. [PMID: 27282099 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a lack of studies evaluating the association between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and abdominal fat. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA) or visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio (VFA/SFA ratio) were associated with SIBO. METHODS AND RESULTS In this case-control study, 152 eligible patients submitted to glucose hydrogen/methane breath test who also had computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen performed were included. Clinical and demographic information was obtained. VFA and SFA were measured using Image J software at lumbar 3 level on CT cross-sectional image of the 152 patients included in this study, 68 patients (44.7%) tested positive for SIBO. In the univariate analysis, the presence of SIBO was associated with older age (65.2 ± 1.5 vs. 59.3 ± 1.5, p = 0.007); type 2 diabetes mellitus (33.8% vs. 17.9%; p = 0.019); hypertension (63.2% vs. 39.3%; p = 0.003); metabolic syndrome (85.3% vs. 64.3%; p = 0.003); and higher VFA/SFA ratio (1.0 ± 0.1 vs. 0.7 ± 0.1; p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR]: 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-5.7; p = 0.035) and higher VFA/SFA ratio (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.6-7.2; p = 0.002) remained independently associated with SIBO. CONCLUSION The presence of SIBO was found to be associated with high VFA/SFA ratio measured from cross-sectional CT image.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fialho
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - A Fialho
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - P Thota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A McCullough
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - B Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Demir T, Akinci B, Demir L, Altay C, Atik T, Cavdar U, Secil M, Comlekci A. Partial lipodystrophy of the limbs in a diabetes clinic setting. Prim Care Diabetes 2016; 10:293-299. [PMID: 26776282 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Partial lipodystrophy of the limbs (PLL) is a newly described form of lipodystrophy that is characterized by symmetrical distal lipoatrophy of the limbs and insulin resistant diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, we prospectively screened our patients with type 2 diabetes for the presence of PLL phenotype. Metabolic parameters of PLL patients were compared to those with type 2 diabetes who applied to our diabetes clinic during the same period of time. RESULTS Between Sep 2013 and Mar 2015, 2020 patients with type 2 diabetes were evaluated for the presence of PLL. PLL was confirmed in 16 patients. The prevalence of PLL was calculated as 0.79% in our diabetes clinic. The most common phenotypic presentations were loss of subcutaneous fat in the forearms, calves and thighs, and loss of fat in forearms and calves. Patients with PLL had poor metabolic control and marked insulin resistance compared to subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes had been diagnosed at a younger age in patients with PLL. Patients with PLL also had more atherogenic lipid profiles. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that PLL is a relatively common form of lipodystrophy in diabetes clinics, which is associated with poor metabolic control and marked insulin resistance. The recognition of PLL in patients with type 2 diabetes can help better clinical management by alerting the physician to these associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tevfik Demir
- Dokuz Eylul University, Division of Endocrinology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Baris Akinci
- Dokuz Eylul University, Division of Endocrinology, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Leyla Demir
- Ataturk Training Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Canan Altay
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Radiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tahir Atik
- Ege University, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Umit Cavdar
- Dokuz Eylul University, Division of Endocrinology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Secil
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Radiology, Izmir, Turkey
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Amouzou C, Breuker C, Fabre O, Bourret A, Lambert K, Birot O, Fédou C, Dupuy AM, Cristol JP, Sutra T, Molinari N, Maimoun L, Mariano-Goulart D, Galtier F, Avignon A, Stanke-Labesque F, Mercier J, Sultan A, Bisbal C. Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance and Absence of Inflammation Characterize Insulin-Resistant Grade I Obese Women. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154119. [PMID: 27111539 PMCID: PMC4844150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Obesity is associated with insulin-resistance (IR), the key feature of type 2 diabetes. Although chronic low-grade inflammation has been identified as a central effector of IR development, it has never been investigated simultaneously at systemic level and locally in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in obese humans characterized for their insulin sensitivity. Objectives We compared metabolic parameters and inflammation at systemic and tissue levels in normal-weight and obese subjects with different insulin sensitivity to better understand the mechanisms involved in IR development. Methods 30 post-menopausal women were classified as normal-weight insulin-sensitive (controls, CT) and obese (grade I) insulin-sensitive (OIS) or insulin-resistant (OIR) according to their body mass index and homeostasis model assessment of IR index. They underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, blood sampling, skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies, an activity questionnaire and a self-administrated dietary recall. We analyzed insulin sensitivity, inflammation and IR-related parameters at the systemic level. In tissues, insulin response was assessed by P-Akt/Akt expression and inflammation by macrophage infiltration as well as cytokines and IκBα expression. Results Systemic levels of lipids, adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, and lipopolysaccharides were equivalent between OIS and OIR subjects. In subcutaneous adipose tissue, the number of anti-inflammatory macrophages was higher in OIR than in CT and OIS and was associated with higher IL-6 level. Insulin induced Akt phosphorylation to the same extent in CT, OIS and OIR. In skeletal muscle, we could not detect any inflammation even though IκBα expression was lower in OIR compared to CT. However, while P-Akt/Akt level increased following insulin stimulation in CT and OIS, it remained unchanged in OIR. Conclusion Our results show that systemic IR occurs without any change in systemic and tissues inflammation. We identified a muscle defect in insulin response as an early mechanism of IR development in grade I obese post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cacylde Amouzou
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Breuker
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Odile Fabre
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - Annick Bourret
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Lambert
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Birot
- Faculty of Health, York University, York, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Fédou
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Marie Dupuy
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Cristol
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thibault Sutra
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Molinari
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Maimoun
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Mariano-Goulart
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Galtier
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Avignon
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jacques Mercier
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ariane Sultan
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (C. Bisbal); (AS)
| | - Catherine Bisbal
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (C. Bisbal); (AS)
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Santos S, Gaillard R, Oliveira A, Barros H, Hofman A, Franco OH, Jaddoe VWV. Subcutaneous fat mass in infancy and cardiovascular risk factors at school-age: The generation R study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:424-9. [PMID: 26813529 PMCID: PMC5426532 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of infant subcutaneous fat with cardiovascular risk factors at school-age. METHODS In a population-based prospective cohort study among 808 children, total subcutaneous fat (sum of biceps, triceps, suprailiacal, and subscapular skinfold thicknesses) and central-to-total subcutaneous fat ratio (sum of suprailiacal and subscapular skinfold thicknesses/total subcutaneous fat) at 1.5 and 24 months were estimated. At 6 years, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin levels were measured. RESULTS Infant subcutaneous fat measures were not associated with childhood blood pressure, triglycerides, or insulin levels. A 1-standard-deviation score (SDS) higher total subcutaneous fat at 1.5 months was, independently of body mass index, associated with lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels at 6 years. In contrast, a 1-SDS higher total subcutaneous fat at 24 months was associated with higher total-cholesterol [difference 0.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03, 0.23) SDS] and LDL-cholesterol levels [difference 0.12 (95% CI 0.02, 0.21) SDS] at 6 years. There were no associations of central-to-total subcutaneous fat ratio with childhood cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that infant total subcutaneous fat is weakly associated with cholesterol levels at school-age. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term cardiometabolic consequences of infant body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Santos
- EPI-Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPI-Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPI-Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Christoph MJ, Allison MA, Pankow JS, Decker PA, Kirsch PS, Tsai MY, Sale MM, de Andrade M, Sicotte H, Tang W, Hanson NQ, Berardi C, Wassel CL, Larson NB, Bielinski SJ. Impact of adiposity on cellular adhesion: The Multi-Ethnic Study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:223-30. [PMID: 26638193 PMCID: PMC4688228 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE At the cellular level, how excess adiposity promotes atherogenesis is not fully understood. One pathway involves secretion of adipokines that stimulate endothelial dysfunction through increased expression of adhesion molecules. However, the relationship of adiposity to adhesion molecules that promote atherosclerosis is largely unknown. METHODS Linear regression models were used to assess the sex-specific associations of soluble cellular adhesion molecules (sP- and sL-selectin, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sHGF) and adiposity in 5,974 adults examined as part of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Adiposity measures included body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR), and computed tomography measures of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). RESULTS The mean age was 64 years and 52% were female. In multivariable models adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, sHGF was positively associated with BMI, WHR, and VAT in both males and females, and sP-selectin with WHR and VAT in males. sVCAM-1 was inversely associated with VAT in females only. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed the relation of adiposity to soluble cellular adhesion proteins was similar across adiposity measures and for both sexes. However, the relationship between adiposity and sVCAM-1 and P-selectin may be modified by sex and the measure used to assess adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J. Christoph
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Matthew A. Allison
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul A. Decker
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Phillip S. Kirsch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michele M. Sale
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hugues Sicotte
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Naomi Q. Hanson
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cecilia Berardi
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Sakamaki K, Maejima Y, Tokita Y, Masamura Y, Kumamoto K, Akuzawa M, Nagano N, Nakajima K, Shimomura K, Takenoshita S, Shimomura Y. Impact of the Visceral Fat Area Measured by Dual Impedance Method on the Diagnostic Components of Metabolic Diseases in a Middle-aged Japanese Population. Intern Med 2016; 55:1691-6. [PMID: 27374667 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.6088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to examine the associations between the visceral fat area (VFA) and the subcutaneous fat area (SFA) as estimated by the dual impedance method with a body composition monitor (BCM) and the diagnostic components of metabolic syndrome in a middle-aged Japanese population. Methods The subjects included 303 men (average age 51.3±9.0 years old) and 345 women (average age 40.0±9.4 years old). The VFA and SFA were estimated by BCM, and the associations among the components of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, blood pressure and related blood sample tests) were evaluated. Results VFA showed positive correlations with waist circumference, HbA1c, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride and uric acid level in men, while showing positive correlations with waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and HbA1c in women. The estimated SFA showed positive correlations with systolic blood pressure, HDL/LDL cholesterol and triglyceride in men, and HDL cholesterol and triglyceride in women. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed the estimated VFA to be as effective as WC to identify subject with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion By estimating the VFA using BCM, it may be possible to identify patients at risk of developing metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia.
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Vasques ACJ, Pareja JC, Souza JRM, Yamanaka A, de Oliveira MDS, Novaes FS, Chaim ÉA, Piccinini F, Dalla Man C, Cobelli C, Geloneze B. Epicardial and pericardial fat in type 2 diabetes: favourable effects of biliopancreatic diversion. Obes Surg 2015; 25:477-85. [PMID: 25148887 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-014-1400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ectopic fat is often identified in obese subjects who are susceptible to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The ectopic fat favours the decrease in insulin sensitivity (IS) and adiponectin levels. We aimed to evaluate the effect of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) on the accumulation of ectopic fat, adiponectin levels and IS in obese with T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS A nonrandomised controlled study was performed on sixty-eight women: 19 lean-control (23.0 ± 2.2 kg/m(2)) and 18 obese-control (35.0 ± 4.8 kg/m(2)) with normal glucose tolerance and 31 obese with T2DM (36.3 ± 3.7 kg/m(2)). Of the 31 diabetic women, 20 underwent BPD and were reassessed 1 month and 12 months after surgery. The subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, epicardial adipose tissue and pericardial adipose tissue were evaluated by ultrasonography. The IS was assessed by a hyperglycaemic clamp, applying the minimal model of glucose. RESULTS One month after surgery, there was a reduction in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, whereas epicardial and pericardial adipose tissues exhibited significant reduction at the 12-month assessment (p < 0.01). Adiponectin levels and IS were normalised 1 month after surgery, resembling lean-control values and elevated above the obese-control values (p < 0.01). After 12 months, the improvement in IS and adiponectin was maintained, and 17 of the 20 operated patients exhibited fasting glucose and glycated haemoglobin within the normal range. CONCLUSIONS After BPD, positive physiological adaptations occurred in grade I and II obese patients with T2DM. These adaptations relate to the restoration of IS and decreased adiposopathy and explain the acute (1 month) and chronic (12 months) improvements in the glycaemic control.
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Iaffaldano L, Nardelli C, Pilone V, Labruna G, Alfieri A, Montanaro D, Ferrigno M, Zeccolella MR, Carlomagno N, Renda A, Baldi A, Forestieri P, Sacchetti L, Buono P. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding reduces subcutaneous adipose tissue and blood inflammation in nondiabetic morbidly obese individuals. Obes Surg 2015; 24:2161-8. [PMID: 24923694 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-014-1326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant and sustained excess weight loss (EWL) appears to reduce the risk of obesity-related comorbidities (insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation), but this has been primarily shown in adult diabetic obese patients. We evaluated whether the EWL obtained 3 years after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) improves the metabolic phenotype in nondiabetic morbidly obese (NDMO) individuals from south Italy. METHODS Serum and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) samples from 20 obese individuals (median BMI=41.5 kg/m(2)) before (T0) and after LAGB (T1) and from 10 controls (median BMI=22.8 kg/m(2)) were taken. Serum leptin, adiponectin, C reactive protein (CRP), and main analyte levels were evaluated by routine methods or immunoassay. In SAT, adipocyte size was measured by hematoxylin/eosin staining, cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) macrophage infiltration marker by immunohistochemistry, and adiponectin, adiponectin receptors 1 and 2, and interleukin 6 (IL6) messenger RNAs by qRT-PCR. RESULTS The average EWL was 66.7 %, and CRP, triglycerides, hepatic markers, leptin levels, homeostasis model assessment, and the leptin/adiponectin ratio were lower (p<0.05) at T1 than at T0. The expression of small adipocytes and adiponectin was increased (p<0.05), and inflammation markers (CD68 and IL6) decreased (p<0.05) at T1 vs. T0. At linear regression multivariate analysis, over 90 % (R (2)=0.905) of EWL (dependent variable) was explained by CD68, adiponectinemia, triglyceridemia, CRP, and total protein levels. CONCLUSIONS The EWL obtained 3 years after LAGB resulted in an improvement of lipid metabolism and a reduction of inflammation in NDMO patients, thereby decreasing the risk of obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Iaffaldano
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
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Kim HJ, Park JH, Lee S, Son HY, Hwang J, Chae J, Yun JM, Kwon H, Kim JI, Cho B. A Common Variant of NGEF Is Associated with Abdominal Visceral Fat in Korean Men. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137564. [PMID: 26340433 PMCID: PMC4560439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Central adiposity, rather than body mass index (BMI), is a key pathophysiological feature of the development of obesity-related diseases. Although genetic studies by anthropometric measures such as waist circumference have been widely conducted, genetic studies for abdominal fat deposition measured by computed tomography (CT) have been rarely performed. A total of 1,243 participants who were recruited from two health check-up centers were included in this study. We selected four and three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NGEF and RGS6, respectively, and analyzed the associations between the seven SNPs and central adiposity measured by CT using an additive, dominant, or recessive model. The participants were generally healthy middle-aged men (50.7 ± 5.3 years). In the additive model, the rs11678490 A allele of NGEF was significantly associated with total adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (all P < 0.05). The AA genotype of this SNP in the recessive model showed a more significant association with all adiposity traits, and its association with VAT remained significant even after adjustment for BMI (P = 0.005). In the overall or visceral obesity group analysis, the AA genotype of rs11678490 showed no association with overall obesity (P = 0.148), whereas it was significantly associated with visceral obesity both before (P = 0.010) and after (P = 0.029) adjustment for BMI. In particular, an AA genotype effect was conspicuous between lower and upper groups with 5% extreme VAT phenotypes (OR = 9.59, 95% CI = 1.50-61.31). However, we found no significant association between SNPs of RGS6 and central adiposity. We identified a visceral-fat-associated SNP, rs11678490 of NGEF, in Korean men. This study suggests that the genetic background of central adiposity and BMI is different, and that additional efforts should be made to find the unique genetic architecture of intra-abdominal fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungbok Lee
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Son
- Department of Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinha Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeesoo Chae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Moon Yun
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuktae Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JK); (BC)
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JK); (BC)
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Garufi G, Seyhan AA, Pasarica M. Elevated secreted frizzled-related protein 4 in obesity: a potential role in adipose tissue dysfunction. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:24-7. [PMID: 25322919 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rarefaction and inflammation of adipose tissue contributes to insulin resistance in obesity. It was hypothesized that angiostatic secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) causes adipose tissue rarefaction and leads to inflammation and ultimately insulin resistance in obese patients. METHODS Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (AbdAT), gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (GlutAT), and blood from 15 lean and obese subjects were collected. Circulating-SFRP4 was measured by ELISA. Body composition was measured by DEXA and insulin sensitivity by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Adipose tissue was analyzed using qRT-PCR for mRNA gene expression, Luminex system for tissue cytokine release, immunohistochemistry for labeling adipose capillaries, and osmium fixation and Coulter counting for adipocyte sizing. RESULTS Circulating-SFRP4 was higher in obese vs. lean subjects (137.8 ± 33.6 ng ml(-1) vs. 64.1 ± 23.8 ng ml(-1) , P < 0.05). Circulating-SFRP4 significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with body fat percentage (R = 0.07), body mass index (R = 0.07), insulin sensitivity (R = -0.66). Circulating-SFRP4 correlated with AbdAT-VEGF (R = -0.67, P < 0.05), AbdAT-capillary density (R = -0.65, P < 0.05), secreted-MIP1α (R = 0.74), and AbdAT-SFRP4 mRNA (R = 0.60). AbdAT-SFRP4 mRNA significantly correlated with AbdAT-capillary density (R = 0.71, P < 0.05), but not with AbdAT mean adipocyte size. There was no difference between AbdAT-SFRP4 and GlutAT-SFRP4 mRNA. Interestingly, GlutAT-SFRP4 correlated with AbdAT mean adipocyte size (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that AbdAT is a major contributor for circulating-SFRP4 and that SFRP4 has an important role in obese adipose tissue pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Garufi
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA; Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Diaz AA, Zhou L, Young TP, McDonald ML, Harmouche R, Ross JC, San Jose Estepar R, Wouters EFM, Coxson HO, MacNee W, Rennard S, Maltais F, Kinney GL, Hokanson JE, Washko GR. Chest CT measures of muscle and adipose tissue in COPD: gender-based differences in content and in relationships with blood biomarkers. Acad Radiol 2014; 21:1255-61. [PMID: 25088837 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Computed tomography (CT) of the chest can be used to assess pectoralis muscle area (PMA) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area. Adipose tissue content is associated with inflammatory mediators in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subjects. Based on gender differences in body composition, we aimed to assess the hypothesis that in subjects with COPD, the relationships between PMA, SAT, and blood biomarkers of inflammation differ by gender. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared chest CT measures of PMA and SAT on a single slice at aortic arch and supraesternal notch levels from 73 subjects (28 women) with COPD between genders. The relationships of PMA and SAT area to biomarkers were assessed using within-gender regression models. RESULTS Women had a lesser PMA and a greater SAT area than men (difference range for PMA, 13.3-22.8 cm²; for SAT, 11.8-12.4 cm²; P < .05 for all comparisons) at both anatomic levels. These differences in PMA and SAT remained significant after adjustment for age and body mass index. Within-gender regression models adjusted for age showed that SAT was directly associated with C-reactive protein (for aortic arch level, P = .04) and fibrinogen (for both anatomic locations, P = .003) only in women, whereas PMA was not associated with any biomarkers in either gender. CONCLUSIONS It appears that in subjects with COPD, there are gender-based differences in the relationships between subcutaneous adipose tissue and inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A Diaz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115.
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tom P Young
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Merry-Lynn McDonald
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rola Harmouche
- Surgical Planning Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James C Ross
- Surgical Planning Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raul San Jose Estepar
- Surgical Planning Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Harvey O Coxson
- Department of Radiology and James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - François Maltais
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregory L Kinney
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - George R Washko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
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Thomsen M, Hernandez-Garcia A, Mathiesen J, Poulsen M, Sørensen DN, Tarnow L, Feidenhans'l R. Model study of the pressure build-up during subcutaneous injection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104054. [PMID: 25122138 PMCID: PMC4133188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we estimate the subcutaneous tissue counter pressure during drug infusion from a series of injections of insulin in type 2 diabetic patients using a non-invasive method. We construct a model for the pressure evolution in subcutaneous tissue based on mass continuity and the flow laws of a porous medium. For equivalent injection forces we measure the change in the infusion rate between injections in air at atmospheric pressure and in tissue. From a best fit with our model, we then determine the flow permeability as well as the bulk modulus of the tissue, estimated to be of the order 10-11-10-10 m2 and 105 Pa, respectively. The permeability is in good agreement with reported values for adipose porcine tissue. We suggest our model as a general way to estimate the pressure build-up in tissue during subcutaneous injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Thomsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Hillerød, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Lise Tarnow
- Nordsjæ llands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
- Klinisk Epidemiologisk Afdeling, Aarhus Universitetshospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
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Sasaki GH. Single treatment of grades II and III cellulite using a minimally invasive 1,440-nm pulsed Nd:YAG laser and side-firing fiber: an institutional review board-approved study with a 24-month follow-up period. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2013; 37:1073-89. [PMID: 24114294 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-013-0219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulite represents one of the common topographic alterations to the skin surface and one of the structural changes to the subdermal fat and septal band of the posterolateral thighs. Currently, no treatment exists to address this entity with a multifactorial genesis that produces long-term beneficial outcomes. This clinical study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the 1,440-nm laser and the duration of the clinical benefits during 2 years. METHODS Initially, 25 healthy women with thigh cellulite were enrolled in this prospective institutional review board (IRB)-approved study. For grade II cellulite, the laser fiber delivered up to 1,000 J of energy to the undersurface of the entire involved skin. For grade III cellulite, the laser fiber distributed 1,300 to 1,500 J of energy to melt the subdermal fat, subcise the taut septal bands, and heat the reticular dermis. Baseline and posttreatment analyses included standardized high-resolution photography, skin elasticity measurements, ultrasound scanning for dermal thickness, histology, investigator global assessment scores, and recording of adverse events. RESULTS Of the 24 subjects who underwent treatment, only 20 were available for the 6-month follow-up assessment. Objective measurements at 2 years demonstrated an increase over the baseline mean skin elasticity (34 %) and mean dermal thickness (11 %), as well as an increase in the average percentage of dermal thickening determined by ultrasound imaging. Independent investigator global assessments were rated higher for grade II subjects than for grade III subjects throughout the 2-year follow-up period. Mild adverse events disappeared by the third month. CONCLUSIONS This IRB-conducted clinical trial, as part of a multicenter study for Food and Drug Administration approval, demonstrated the safety and efficacy of a single minimally invasive treatment for grades II and III thigh cellulite during a 2-year follow-up period. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon H Sasaki
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA,
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Harada E, Mizuno Y, Katoh D, Kashiwagi Y, Morita S, Nakayama Y, Yoshimura M, Masuzaki H, Saito Y, Yasue H. Increased urinary aldosterone excretion is associated with subcutaneous not visceral, adipose tissue area in obese individuals: a possible manifestation of dysfunctional subcutaneous adipose tissue. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:510-6. [PMID: 23106315 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldosterone is reported to be associated with obesity and is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Metabolic abnormalities are more strongly associated with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) than with subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). OBJECTIVE We examined whether aldosterone is more closely associated with VAT area than with SAT area in obese individuals. METHODS We enrolled 81 Japanese patients (46 men, mean age 43 ± 13 years and 35 women, mean age 53 ± 10 years) suspected of metabolic disorders and measured plasma and 24-h urinary aldosterone, as well as SAT and VAT areas. SAT and VAT areas were measured at the umbilical level by computed tomography. RESULTS Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that urinary aldosterone was significantly and positively correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, SAT area, alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, plasma immune-reactive insulin, plasma renin activity and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and negatively correlated with age and blood glucose. Urinary aldosterone was not correlated with VAT area (r = 0·013, P = 0·906). Multivariate regression analyses revealed that log SAT area, age and diastolic blood pressure were significant (P = 0·001, 0·001 and 0·032, respectively) predictors of log urinary aldosterone excretion rate. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that urinary aldosterone excretion is positively associated with SAT but not with VAT area in the middle-aged obese individuals.Urinary aldosterone is also negatively correlated with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisaku Harada
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Miljkovic I, Cauley JA, Wang PY, Holton KF, Lee CG, Sheu Y, Barrett-Connor E, Hoffman AR, Lewis CB, Orwoll ES, Stefanick ML, Strotmeyer ES, Marshall LM. Abdominal myosteatosis is independently associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance among older men without diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:2118-25. [PMID: 23408772 PMCID: PMC3661705 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle adipose tissue (AT) infiltration (myosteatosis) increases with aging and may contribute to the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It remains unclear if myosteatosis is associated to glucose and insulin homeostasis independent of total and central adiposity. DESIGN AND METHODS The association between intermuscular AT (IMAT) in the abdominal skeletal muscles (total, paraspinal, and psoas) and fasting serum glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 393 nondiabetic Caucasian men aged 65+ was evaluated. Abdominal IMAT, visceral AT (VAT), and subcutaneous AT (SAT) (cm(3) ) were measured by quantitative computed tomography at the L4-L5 intervertebral space. RESULTS In age, study site, height, and muscle volume adjusted regression analyses, total abdominal and psoas (but not paraspinal) IMAT were positively associated with glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR (all P < 0.003). The associations between total abdominal and psoas IMAT and insulin and HOMA-IR remained significant after further adjusting for lifestyle factors, as well as duel-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured total body fat, VAT, or SAT in separate models (all P < 0.009). CONCLUSIONS A previously unreported, independent association between abdominal myosteatosis and hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance among older Caucasian men was indicated. These associations may be specific for particular abdominal muscle depots, illustrating the potential importance of separately studying specific muscle groups.
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Murabito JM, Massaro JM, Clifford B, Hoffmann U, Fox CS. Depressive symptoms are associated with visceral adiposity in a community-based sample of middle-aged women and men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1713-9. [PMID: 23666906 PMCID: PMC3748158 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between measures of adiposity and depressive symptoms in a large well characterized community-based sample, we examined the relations of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) to depressive symptoms in 1,581 women (mean age 52.2 years) and 1,718 men (mean age 49.8 years) in the Framingham Heart Study. DESIGN AND METHODS Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Regression models were created to examine the association between each fat depot (exposure) and depressive symptoms (outcome). Sex-specific models were adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, hypertension, total and HDL cholesterol, lipid lowering treatment, CVD, menopause, C-reactive protein, and physical activity. RESULTS Mean CES-D scores were 6.8 and 5.6 in women and men. High levels of depressive symptoms were present in 22.5% of women and 12.3% of men. In women, one standard deviation increase in VAT was associated with a 1.3 point higher CES-D score after adjusting for age and BMI (P < 0.01) and remained significant in the fully adjusted model (P = 0.03). The odds ratio of depressive symptoms per 1 standard deviation increase in VAT in women was 1.33 (P = 0.015); results were attenuated in fully adjusted models (OR 1.29, P = 0.055). In men, the association between VAT and CES-D score and depressive symptoms was not significant. SAT was not associated with CES-D score or depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study supports an association between VAT and depressive symptoms in women. Further work is needed to uncover the complex biologic mechanisms mediating the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Murabito
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Cassisa A. Pathophysiology of subcutaneous fat. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2013; 148:315-323. [PMID: 23900155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes are the most representative cells of the adipose tissue. For a long time adipocytes have been defined as no more than "fat guys", passively occupying large body regions, often with undesirable cosmetic effects. The apparent structural uniformity of adipose tissue contrasts with the functional complexity that may be documented at different anatomical sites. A growing body of scientific evidence is telling us that adipose tissue is a very sophisticated organ regulating both energy storage and metabolic management of our body, as well as the main branches of immune system. The adipose tissue is strictly linked with our brain and regulates other organ systems. Adipose tissue paracrine activity regulates turnover, regeneration homeostasis of epidermis, dermis and cutaneous appendages. Adipokines, molecules produced by adipocytes play an important role in many skin disease other than in systemic diseases. This review will focus on the pathophysiology of the adipose tissue with special emphasis on recent scientific acquisitions. Improving our knowledge on fat tissue is necessary to develop interesting new perspectives and therapeutic strategies for both systemic and cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cassisa
- Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale C. Poma, Mantova -
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Lindauer E, Dupuis L, Müller HP, Neumann H, Ludolph AC, Kassubek J. Adipose Tissue Distribution Predicts Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67783. [PMID: 23826340 PMCID: PMC3694869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to death within a few years after diagnosis. Malnutrition and weight loss are frequent and are indexes of poor prognosis. Total body fat and fat distribution have not been studied in ALS patients. Objectives Our aim was to describe adipose tissue content and distribution in ALS patients. Design We performed a cross-sectional study in a group of ALS patients (n = 62, mean disease duration 22 months) along with age and gender matched healthy controls (n = 62) using a MRI-based method to study quantitatively the fat distribution. Results Total body fat of ALS patients was not changed as compared with controls. However, ALS patients displayed increased visceral fat and an increased ratio of visceral to subcutaneous fat. Visceral fat was not correlated with clinical severity as judged using the ALS functional rating scale (ALS-FRS-R), while subcutaneous fat in ALS patients correlated positively with ALS-FRS-R and disease progression. Multiple regression analysis showed that gender and ALS-FRS-R, but not site of onset, were significant predictors of total and subcutaneous fat. Increased subcutaneous fat predicted survival in male patients but not in female patients (p<0.05). Conclusions Fat distribution is altered in ALS patients, with increased visceral fat as compared with healthy controls. Subcutaneous fat content is a predictor of survival of ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lindauer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Luc Dupuis
- Inserm U1118, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Heiko Neumann
- Institute of Neural Information Processing, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (HN)
| | | | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Liu J, Hickson DA, Musani SK, Talegawkar SA, Carithers TC, Tucker KL, Fox CS, Taylor HA. Dietary patterns, abdominal visceral adipose tissue, and cardiometabolic risk factors in African Americans: the Jackson heart study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:644-51. [PMID: 23592674 PMCID: PMC3478414 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relative association of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) with cardiometabolic risk factors between African and European Americans. DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2035 African Americans from Jackson Heart Study (JHS) and 3170 European Americans from Framingham Heart Study (FHS) who underwent computed tomography assessment of VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). The FHS participants were weighted to match the age distribution of the JHS participants and the metabolic risk factors were examined by study groups in relation to VAT. RESULTS JHS participants had higher rates of obesity, hypertension, diabetes and metabolic syndrome than FHS participants (all p = 0.001). The associations were weaker in JHS women for VAT with blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL-C, and total cholesterol (pinteraction = 0.03 to 0.001) than FHS women. In contrast, JHS men had stronger associations for VAT with high triglycerides, low HDL, and metabolic syndrome (all pinteraction = 0.001) compared to FHS men. Similar associations and gender patterns existed for SAT with most metabolic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The relative association between VAT and cardiometabolic risk factors is weaker in JHS women compared to FHS women, whereas stronger association with triglycerides and HDL were observed in JHS men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Liu
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
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Lima NS, Moura EG, Franco JG, Pinheiro CR, Pazos-Moura CC, Cabanelas A, Carlos AS, Nascimento-Saba CC, de Oliveira E, Lisboa PC. Developmental plasticity of endocrine disorders in obesity model primed by early weaning in dams. Horm Metab Res 2013; 45:22-30. [PMID: 22948547 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1323703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Early weaning is associated with changes in the developmental plasticity. Here, we studied the adipocytes morphology, adipokines expression or content in adipose tissue as well as adrenal and thyroid function of neonate and adult offspring primed by early weaning. After birth, lactating rats were divided into 2 groups: EW (early weaning)--dams were wrapped with a bandage to block access to milk during the last 3 days of lactation, and Control--dams whose pups had free access to milk throughout lactation (21 days). At postnatal day (PN) 21, EW pups had lower visceral and subcutaneous adipocyte area (-67.7% and -62%, respectively), body fat mass (-26%), and leptin expression in visceral adipocyte (-64%) but higher leptin expression in subcutaneous adipocyte (2.9-fold increase). Adrenal evaluations were normal, but neonate EW pups presented lower serum T3 (-55%) and TSH (-44%). At PN 180, EW offspring showed higher food intake, higher body fat mass (+21.6%), visceral and subcutaneous adipocyte area (both 3-fold increase), higher leptin (+95%) and ADRβ3 (2-fold increase) content in visceral adipose tissue, and higher adiponectin expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (+47%) but lower in visceral adipose tissue (-40%). Adult EW offspring presented higher adrenal catecholamine content (+31%), but no changes in serum corticosterone or thyroid status. Thus, early weaning primed for hypothyroidism at weaning, which can be associated with the adipocyte hypertrophy at adulthood. The marked changes in catecholamine adrenal content and visceral adipocyte ADRB3 are generally found in obesity, contributing to the development of other cardiovascular and metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Lima
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Burden of obesity has increased significantly in the United States over last few decades. Association of obesity with insulin resistance and related cardiometabolic problems is well established. Traditionally, adipose tissue in visceral fat depot has been considered a major culprit in development of insulin resistance. However, growing body of the literature has suggested that adipose tissue in subcutaneous fat depot, not only due to larger volume but also due to inherent functional characteristics, can have significant impact on development of insulin resistance. There are significant differences in functional characteristics of subcutaneous abdominal/truncal versus gluteofemoral depots. Decreased capacity for adipocyte differentiation and angiogenesis along with adipocyte hypertrophy can trigger vicious cycle of inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue and subsequent ectopic fat deposition. It is important to shift focus from fat content to functional heterogeneity in adipose tissue depots to better understand the relative role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in metabolic complications of obesity. Therapeutic lifestyle change continues to be the most important intervention in clinical practice at any level of increased adiposity. Future pharmaceutical interventions aimed at improving adipose tissue function in various subcutaneous depots have potential to help maintain adequate insulin sensitivity and reduce risk for development of insulin resistance complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavankumar Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Institute for Translational Science (ITS), University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-1060, USA
| | - Nicola Abate
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Institute for Translational Science (ITS), University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-1060, USA
- *Nicola Abate:
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Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) confers an increased risk for both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, studies on adipose tissue biology in nascent MetS uncomplicated by T2DM and/or CVD are scanty. Recently, we demonstrated that adipose tissue dysregulation and aberrant adipokine secretion contribute towards the syndrome's low-grade chronic proinflammatory state and insulin resistance. Specifically, we have made the novel observation that subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in subjects with nascent MetS has increased macrophage recruitment with cardinal crown-like structures. We have also shown that subjects with nascent MetS have increased the levels of SAT-secreted adipokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, leptin, RBP-4, CRP, SAA, PAI-1, MCP-1, and chemerin) and plasma adipokines (IL-1, IL-6, leptin, RBP-4, CRP, SAA, and chemerin), as well as decreased levels of plasma adiponectin and both plasma and SAT omentin-1. The majority of these abnormalities persisted following correction for increased adiposity. Our data, as well as data from other investigators, thus, highlight the importance of subcutaneous adipose tissue dysfunction in subjects with MetS and its contribution to the proinflammatory state and insulin resistance. This adipokine profile may contribute to increased insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation, promoting the increased risk of T2DM and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-9170, USA
| | - Ishwarlal Jialal
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817-2218, USA
- VA Medical Center, Mather, CA 95655-4200, USA
- *Ishwarlal Jialal:
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