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Lai J, Park E, Amabile CJ, Boyce SC, Fielding-Miller R, Swendeman D, Oaks L, Marvel D, Majnoonian A, Silverman J, Wagman J. "They Don't See Us": Asian Students' Perceptions of Sexual Violence and Sexual Harassment on Three California Public University Campuses. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:3619-3650. [PMID: 38470066 PMCID: PMC11283745 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241235912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Sexual violence and sexual harassment (SVSH) are prevalent among college and university students; however, the experiences of ethnic minority students, especially Asians, are understudied. This study aimed to reduce this gap by exploring Asian students' perceptions of SVSH on three public university campuses in Southern California. We examined their perceptions about the campus environment related to SVSH, attitudes, and behaviors toward help seeking, and utilization of on-campus resources. A total of 23 in-depth interviews were conducted with Asian students enrolled at the three University of California campuses. Thematic coding was conducted to generate main themes and subthemes. Five main themes emerged: (a) SVSH is considered a "taboo" topic in Asian culture and family systems, and Asian student survivors are often reluctant to disclose incidents or seek support services. (b) Students did not feel their campus environments were tailored to understand or meet the sociocultural realities and needs of Asian student survivors. (c) Campus SVSH services and reporting processes were seen as non-transparent. (d) Peers were the major source of support and SVSH information, as opposed to official campus-based resources and training. (e) Survivors often conduct an internal cost-benefit analysis evaluating their decision about whether to report. This study highlights the lack of conversation surrounding SVSH in Asian families, and how the cultural stigma of sex and sexual violence prevented Asian students from receiving knowledge and resources about these topics in their families. Instead of relying on formal campus resources (e.g., Title IX and confidential advocacy services, mental health services), many students turn to their peers for support. Thus, facilitating peer support groups, training university students to support each other through SVSH incidents, and tailoring campus services to the diverse cultural backgrounds of students are key considerations to foster a safe campus environment and prevent SVSH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laury Oaks
- University of California Santa Barbara, USA
| | | | - Araz Majnoonian
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- San Diego State University, CA, USA
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Chandrasekaran S, Key K, Ow A, Lindsey A, Chin J, Goode B, Dinh Q, Choi I, Choimorrow SY. The role of community and culture in abortion perceptions, decisions, and experiences among Asian Americans. Front Public Health 2023; 10:982215. [PMID: 36733282 PMCID: PMC9887147 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.982215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Culture and community can play a role in views, stigma, and access related to abortion. No research to date has documented the influence of culture and community attitudes on Asian American (AA) experiences accessing abortion care in the United States (US). This paper aims to fill gaps in research and understand how cultural and community views influence medication abortion access and experiences among AAs. Methods We used a community-based participatory research approach, which included collaboration among experts in public health, advocates, practitioners, and community partners to understand abortion knowledge, attitudes, and experiences among AAs. Using a semi-structured interview guide, we interviewed twenty-nine eligible people of reproductive age over 18 that self-identified as Asian American or mixed race including Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and/or Pacific Islander (AANHPI), and had a medication abortion in the US between January 2016 and March 2021. Interviews were analyzed and coded in NVivo 12 using a modified grounded theory approach. Results Participants described various influences of religion negatively impacting acceptability of abortion among their family and community. Lack of openness around sexual and reproductive health (SRH) topics contributed to stigma and influenced most participants' decision not to disclose their abortion to family members, which resulted in participants feeling isolated throughout their abortion experience. When seeking abortion care, participants preferred to seek care with providers of color, especially if they were AANHPI due to past experiences involving stigma and judgment from White providers. Based on their experiences, respondents recommended ways to improve the abortion experience for AAs in the US including, (1) more culturally aware abortion providers from one's community who better understand their needs; (2) clinics providing abortion services located in or near AA communities with signage in local languages; and (3) tailored mental health resources with culturally aware therapists. Conclusion This study demonstrates ways in which culture and community opinions toward SRH can influence both the acceptability of abortion and experiences seeking abortion care among AAs. It is important to consider family and community dynamics among AAs to better tailor services and meet the needs of AAs seeking abortion care in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine Key
- Ibis Reproductive Health, Cambridge, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Katherine Key ✉
| | - Abby Ow
- Ibis Reproductive Health, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alyssa Lindsey
- National Asian Pacific American Women's Forum, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer Chin
- Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Bria Goode
- Ibis Reproductive Health, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Quyen Dinh
- Southeast Asia Resource Action Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Inhe Choi
- HANA Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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Nagtalon-Ramos J, Ayres C, Faught B. Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Efficacy Among Young Adult Filipino American Women. J Transcult Nurs 2022; 33:576-584. [PMID: 35822669 PMCID: PMC9449433 DOI: 10.1177/10436596221107600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about Filipino American women's (FAW) sexual and reproductive health (SRH). The purpose of this study was to examine the SRH knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy among young adult FAW. METHOD This was a qualitative, descriptive interpretive design. Four focus group interviews and one individual interview were conducted. Purposive sampling was used for this study. Inclusion criteria were female, Filipino American, between the ages 18 and 24 years old, and be able to understand and speak English. RESULTS Twelve participants (n = 12) were recruited. Three themes emerged from this study: (a) sources of SRH information; (b) influence of cultural values, religion, and intergenerational factors; and (c) facilitators of and barriers to women's health services. DISCUSSION Themes emerged from the content analysis identifying SRH disparities within the Filipino American community, which may inform future interventions and research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brooke Faught
- Women's Institute of Sexual Health, Nashville, TN, USA
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Chen L, Jiang X, Wang Q, Bőthe B, Potenza MN, Wu H. The Association between the Quantity and Severity of Pornography Use: A Meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:704-719. [PMID: 34723731 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1988500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the quantity of pornography use (QPU, i.e., frequency/time spent on pornography use) has been positively associated with the severity of pornography use (i.e., problematic pornography use, PPU), the magnitudes of relationships have varied across studies. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the overall relationships and identify potential moderating variables to explain the variation in these associations between QPU and PPU. We performed a literature search for all published and unpublished studies from 1995 to 2020 in major online scientific databases up until December 2020. Sixty-one studies were identified with 82 independent samples involving 74,880 participants. Results indicated that there was a positive, moderate relationship between QPU and PPU (r = 0.34, p < .001). The strength of relationship significantly varied across measures of PPU based on different theoretical frameworks, indicators of QPU, and sexual cultural contexts (conservative vs. permissive sexual values). Frequency was a more robust quantitative indicator of PPU than time spent on pornography use. In conservative countries, QPU showed more robust association with self-perceived PPU. Future studies are encouraged to select the measurement of PPU according to research aims and use multi-item measures with demonstrated content validity to assess pornography use. Cross-cultural (conservative/permissive) comparisons also warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chen
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University
| | - Xiaoliu Jiang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University
| | - Qiqi Wang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine
- Connecticut Mental Health Center
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling
| | - Huijuan Wu
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University
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Abboud S, Flores DD, Bond K, Chebli P, Brawner BM, Sommers MS. Family Sex Communication Among Arab American Young Adults: A Mixed-Methods Study. JOURNAL OF FAMILY NURSING 2022; 28:115-128. [PMID: 34694172 PMCID: PMC9795851 DOI: 10.1177/10748407211053931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a significant gap in understanding the sexual health of Arab Americans. The purpose of this study is to explore family sex communication among Arab American young adults and its association with gender and sexual attitudes. We used a parallel mixed methods design and administered an electronic survey (N = 100); a subsample of 24 participants participated in five focus groups. We observed convergence in the findings. Participants reported rare occurrences of family sex communication, with women reporting less comfort than men. Family sex communication was often "unspoken," and reinforced prevailing social norms. Gender differences were reported based on sex communication topics. The most common source of sex information was peers/friends. Focus group participants perceived their parents to be more conservative and less knowledgeable about sex than they were. Future research on strategies to bridge generational differences is needed to promote family-based sex communication, given the multiple teachable moments at home.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keosha Bond
- The City University of New York, New York City, USA
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Ndabula Y, Macleod C, Young LS. Sistering and sexual socialisation: a discursive study of Xhosa women's sisterly interactions concerning sex and reproduction. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2021; 23:1406-1420. [PMID: 32895028 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2020.1785551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Considerable research has been devoted to understanding and promoting parent-child sexual socialisation. Less attention has been paid to experiences of sibling interactions concerning sex. Drawing on discursive psychology, this study explores how women report interacting about sex and reproduction in their sisterly relationships. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted, using Free Association Narrative Interview technique, with five Black isiXhosa-speaking, middle-aged and working class women in South Africa. Findings show that the participants construct their sisterly interactions concerning sex drawing on three interpretative repertoires: silence; safety and secrecy; risk and responsibilisation. The silence repertoire constructs sex talk between sisters as vague and non-viable. Within the safety and secrecy repertoire, sisters are constructed as sharing sexual secrets and providing a safe space for sexual exploration. The risk and responsibilisation repertoire is deployed when understandings of 'proper' feminine behaviour and sexual purity are breached, with sisters emphasising the importance of avoiding risk and acting responsibly. Thus, alongside encouraging the expression of women's agency in relation to sexuality, sisters potentially join a patriarchal policing and the shaming of women's sexuality. These contradictory repertoires have implications for sexual health programmes and interventions targeted at family communication about sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanela Ndabula
- aCritical Studies in Sexualities and Reproduction, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Catriona Macleod
- Critical Studies in Sexualities and Reproduction, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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Kim B, Aronowitz T. Asian American Women's Recall of Conversations With Their Mothers About Sexual Health: A Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Data. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2021; 32:151-159. [PMID: 32675643 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Between 2010 and 2016, Asian Americans (AA) had a 35% increase in HIV diagnosis. Although mother-daughter sexual communication was found to be protective in minority populations, the opposite is true among AAs. The purpose of this study was to explore AA women's experiences of sexual communication with their mothers. Secondary qualitative analysis using analytic expansion with a phenomenological approach was used. Thematic analysis was used to search for common patterns and themes that emerged using qualitative description methodology. Twenty East and Southeast AA cisgender women, ages 18-33 years, were interviewed. The primary finding was an intergenerational gap with two themes: (a) mothers' attitudes about sexual communication and (b) content of sexual communication. Indirect sexual communication included cautionary messages consistent with previous studies. AA mothers' strong cultural beliefs created a barrier to communication. Future research should focus on the young women who want open sexual communication and could influence the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- BoRam Kim
- BoRam Kim, BSN, RN, is a PhD Student, College of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Teri Aronowitz, PhD, FNP-BC, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kim B, Aronowitz T. Invisible Minority: HIV Prevention Health Policy for the Asian American Population. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2019; 20:41-49. [PMID: 30774026 DOI: 10.1177/1527154419828843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There has been a 72% increase in the Asian American population from approximately 12 million in 2000 to 21 million in 2015. By 2050, there will be 33.4 million Asian Americans living in the United States, making this population the most rapidly growing ethnic group in the country. There is a myth that Asian Americans are a model conservative minority group in terms of sexual behavior and safe sexual practices and are not at risk of sexually transmitted infections including HIV. However, they are the only ethnic group in the United States that had a continuous increase in HIV infection rates from 4.9 per 100,000 in 2011 to 5.5 per 100,000 in 2016. Due to state and national methods of data collection for race and ethnicity with regard to sexually transmitted infection and HIV, the Asian American population's data are often limited. The purpose of this article is to identify the potential historical and political reasons why the Asian American population's HIV or sexual risk has not been fully documented and to propose potential health policy solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- BoRam Kim
- 1 College of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teri Aronowitz
- 1 College of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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Garceau C, Ronis ST. A qualitative investigation of expected versus actual initial sexual experiences before age 16. J Adolesc 2019; 71:38-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Socia KM, Dum CP, Rydberg J. Turning a Blind Eye: Public Support of Emergency Housing Policies for Sex Offenders. SEXUAL ABUSE : A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2019; 31:25-49. [PMID: 28735568 DOI: 10.1177/1079063217720925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examine the influences of citizen decision making in the context of four policy scenarios that would affect the living conditions of sex offenders (SOs) residing at an "emergency shelter" budget motel. We surveyed 773 citizens in an online survey about their support for four policy scenarios that would improve the living conditions of SOs: (a) at no cost to the respondent, (b) in exchange for a US$100 tax increase, and (c) by relocating SOs within the respondent's neighborhood (i.e., "in my backyard"/IMBY scenario). The fourth scenario involved moving nearby SOs into substandard housing located far away from the respondent (i.e., "not in my backyard"/NIMBY). While prior research finds that the public overwhelmingly supports punitive SO policies, we find that indifference is a mainstay of public opinion about improving SO housing conditions. That is, we find only modest levels of average support for any of the policy scenarios, and policy support decreased when increased taxes would be involved, compared with a "no cost" scenario. While no respondent characteristics significantly predicted policy support consistently across all four scenarios, some scenarios showed stark differences in support when considering specific respondent characteristics. Overall, these results suggest that what does affect support depends on the details of the policy being proposed, as well as who is considering the policy. We end by discussing the policy implications of our study for both policymakers and the public.
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Ho IK, Dinh KT, Bellefontaine SM, Irving AL. Cultural Adaptation and Sexual Harassment in the Lives of Asian American Women. WOMEN & THERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02703149.2018.1430300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivy K. Ho
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Khanh T. Dinh
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | | | - Amanda L. Irving
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
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12
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Flores D, Barroso J. 21st Century Parent-Child Sex Communication in the United States: A Process Review. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:532-548. [PMID: 28059568 PMCID: PMC5808426 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1267693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Parent-child sex communication results in the transmission of family expectations, societal values, and role modeling of sexual health risk-reduction strategies. Parent-child sex communication's potential to curb negative sexual health outcomes has sustained a multidisciplinary effort to better understand the process and its impact on the development of healthy sexual attitudes and behaviors among adolescents. This review advances what is known about the process of sex communication in the United States by reviewing studies published from 2003 to 2015. We used the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, SocINDEX, and PubMed, and the key terms "parent child" AND "sex education" for the initial query; we included 116 original articles for analysis. Our review underscores long-established factors that prevent parents from effectively broaching and sustaining talks about sex with their children and has also identified emerging concerns unique to today's parenting landscape. Parental factors salient to sex communication are established long before individuals become parents and are acted upon by influences beyond the home. Child-focused communication factors likewise describe a maturing audience that is far from captive. The identification of both enduring and emerging factors that affect how sex communication occurs will inform subsequent work that will result in more positive sexual health outcomes for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalmacio Flores
- Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing
| | - Julie Barroso
- Professor and Department Chair at the Medical University of South Carolina College of Nursing
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Frost M, Cares A, Gelman K, Beam R. Accessing sexual and reproductive health care and information: Perspectives and recommendations from young Asian American women. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2016; 10:9-13. [PMID: 27938876 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding the influence of culture on how sexual and reproductive health is perceived and addressed in Asian American communities is important for the effective provision of care and health information. This study aimed to explore how and when sexual and reproductive health information is shared within Asian American families and communities, barriers and facilitators to accessing sexual and reproductive health care and information for young Asian American women, and their recommendations to improve access. METHODS Qualitative data were collected through six focus groups conducted with a total of 33 young Asian American women. RESULTS The majority of participants reported that stigma created a barrier to discussing these topics within their families and communities, and discussed ways in which they confidentially seek out care and information. Responses varied with respect to participants' preferred means of increasing access to care and information; some recommended strategies that would increase communication about these issues in their families and communities, while others expressed a desire to maintain confidentiality. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that diversified strategies are needed to connect Asian American women with sexual and reproductive health care and information in order to meet their varied preferences, including strategies that are community-driven and culturally appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Frost
- OMNI Institute, 899 Logan Street, Suite 600, Denver, CO 80203, USA.
| | - Alexa Cares
- OMNI Institute, 899 Logan Street, Suite 600, Denver, CO 80203, USA
| | - Katie Gelman
- OMNI Institute, 899 Logan Street, Suite 600, Denver, CO 80203, USA
| | - Rita Beam
- Tri-County Health Department, 6162 South Willow Drive, Suite 100, Greenwood Village, CO 80111, USA
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Lee YM, Florez E, Tariman J, McCarter S, Riesche L. Factors related to sexual behaviors and sexual education programs for Asian-American adolescents. Appl Nurs Res 2015; 28:222-8. [PMID: 26094879 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To understand the influential factors related to sexual behaviors among Asian-American adolescents and to evaluate common factors across successful sexual education programs for this population. BACKGROUND Despite a rapid increase in cases of STIs/HIV among Asian-American populations, there remains a need for a comprehensive understanding of the influential factors related to risky sexual behaviors for this population. METHODS An integrative literature review was conducted. Peer-reviewed articles and government resources were analyzed. RESULTS Five influential factors were identified: family-centered cultural values, parental relationship, acculturation, gender roles, and lack of knowledge and information about sex and STIs. Only two sexual educational programs met the inclusion criteria and provided evidence towards effectiveness: Safer Choices and Seattle Social Development Project. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate an urgent need for culturally sensitive sexual education programs that incorporate the identified influential factors, especially cultural values in order to reduce risky sexual behaviors among Asian-American adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Me Lee
- School of Nursing, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60640.
| | | | - Joseph Tariman
- School of Nursing, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60640.
| | - Sarah McCarter
- School of Nursing, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60640.
| | - Laren Riesche
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612.
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Hahm HC, Jang J, Vu C, Alexander LM, Driscoll KE, Lundgren L. Drug use and suicidality among Asian American women who are children of immigrants. Subst Use Misuse 2013; 48:1563-76. [PMID: 23848381 PMCID: PMC3966297 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2013.808219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the association between drug use and lifetime suicidal behaviors among Asian American women (n = 720) residing throughout Massachusetts, using data collected from 2010 to 2011. Logistic regression models identified that a history of hard drug use alone or in combination with soft drug use has a significant association with both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Asian American women, adjusting for demographic covariates, history of psychiatric diagnosis, and family communication. These findings highlight the importance of addressing hard drug use when designing suicide prevention programs for Asian American women.
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Littleton HL, Grills-Taquechel AE, Buck KS, Rosman L, Dodd JC. Health Risk Behavior and Sexual Assault Among Ethnically Diverse Women. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2012; 37:7-21. [PMID: 24223467 DOI: 10.1177/0361684312451842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexual assault is associated with a number of health risk behaviors in women. It has been hypothesized that these risk behaviors, such as hazardous drinking, may represent women's attempts to cope with psychological distress, such as symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, extant research has failed to evaluate these relationships among ethnic minority samples or identify the mechanisms responsible for this association. The current study examined sexual assault history and two health risk behaviors (hazardous drinking and engaging in sexual behavior to regulate negative affect) in a diverse sample of 1,620 college women. Depression and anxiety were examined as mediators of the relationship between sexual assault and health risk behaviors. There was evidence of moderated mediation, such that for European American women, but not for ethnic minority women, both forms of psychological distress were significant mediators of the sexual assault/hazardous drinking relationship. In contrast, among all ethnic groups, the relationship between sexual assault and both forms of psychological distress was mediated by the use of sexual behavior as an affect regulation strategy. Results support a need to evaluate the assault experiences of ethnically diverse women, as well as the impact of the assault on their postassault experiences including health risk behaviors and psychological adjustment. Additionally, results suggest that practitioners should carefully assess health risk behaviors among victims of sexual assault and be aware that there may be differences in the risk factors and motives for these behaviors among women of various ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katherine S Buck
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Lindsey Rosman
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Julia C Dodd
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Abstract
Although research continues to highlight significant gender differences in first coital experiences, developmental approaches suggest that some of these patterns may be age-related. Therefore, this study investigated both gender and age differences in first intercourse experiences. Open-ended responses regarding reasons for, and descriptions of, first vaginal intercourse were provided by 323 sexually active undergraduate students (65.3% female; 75.7% White; Mage = 19.87) and coded into a range of categories. Several gender and age differences emerged, such that women’s descriptions were generally less positive than men’s, and women’s reasons were more likely than men’s to emphasize relationships and emotions. However, there were also a number of similarities in women’s and men’s experiences. Those who first experienced coitus during early adolescence were more likely to describe it as awkward, were less likely to describe it as positive, and differed in their reasons from those whose first coitus occurred later. Importantly, gender differences were less pronounced among older versus younger initiates, suggesting that commonly-identified gender differences may be developmentally specific. Future research focusing on subjective aspects of first intercourse experiences should carefully attend both to age or developmental stage and to gender similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Walsh
- Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L. Monique Ward
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Ann Merriwether
- School of Education and Human Development, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
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