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Chenna S, Ivanov M, Nielsen TK, Chalenko K, Olsen E, Jørgensen K, Sandelin A, Marquardt S. A data-driven genome annotation approach for cassava. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38831668 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Genome annotation files play a critical role in dictating the quality of downstream analyses by providing essential predictions for gene positions and structures. These files are pivotal in decoding the complex information encoded within DNA sequences. Here, we generated experimental data resolving RNA 5'- and 3'-ends as well as full-length RNAs for cassava TME12 sticklings in ambient temperature and cold. We used these data to generate genome annotation files using the TranscriptomeReconstructoR (TR) tool. A careful comparison to high-quality genome annotations suggests that our new TR genome annotations identified additional genes, resolved the transcript boundaries more accurately and identified additional RNA isoforms. We enhanced existing cassava genome annotation files with the information from TR that maintained the different transcript models as RNA isoforms. The resultant merged annotation was subsequently utilized for comprehensive analysis. To examine the effects of genome annotation files on gene expression studies, we compared the detection of differentially expressed genes during cold using the same RNA-seq data but alternative genome annotation files. We found that our merged genome annotation that included cold-specific TR gene models identified about twice as many cold-induced genes. These data indicate that environmentally induced genes may be missing in off-the-shelf genome annotation files. In conclusion, TR offers the opportunity to enhance crop genome annotations with implications for the discovery of differentially expressed candidate genes during plant-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Chenna
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiskberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Maxim Ivanov
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiskberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Tue Kjærgaard Nielsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiskberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Karina Chalenko
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiskberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Evy Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiskberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiskberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Albin Sandelin
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen N, DK2200, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen N, DK2200, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Marquardt
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiskberg C, 1871, Denmark
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Gupta OP, Singh A, Pandey V, Sendhil R, Khan MK, Pandey A, Kumar S, Hamurcu M, Ram S, Singh G. Critical assessment of wheat biofortification for iron and zinc: a comprehensive review of conceptualization, trends, approaches, bioavailability, health impact, and policy framework. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1310020. [PMID: 38239835 PMCID: PMC10794668 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1310020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Addressing global hidden hunger, particularly in women of childbearing age and children under five, presents a significant challenge, with a focus on iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency. Wheat, a staple crop in the developing world, is crucial for addressing this issue through biofortification efforts. While extensive research has explored various approaches to enhance Fe and Zn content in wheat, there remains a scarcity of comprehensive data on their bioavailability and impact on human and animal health. This systematic review examines the latest trends in wheat biofortification approaches, assesses bioavailability, evaluates the effects of biofortified wheat on health outcomes in humans and animals, and analyzes global policy frameworks. Additionally, a meta-analysis of per capita daily Fe and Zn intake from average wheat consumption was conducted. Notably, breeding-based approaches have led to the release of 40 biofortified wheat varieties for commercial cultivation in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Mexico, Bolivia, and Nepal, but this progress has overlooked Africa, a particularly vulnerable continent. Despite these advancements, there is a critical need for large-scale systematic investigations into the nutritional impact of biofortified wheat, indicating a crucial area for future research. This article can serve as a valuable resource for multidisciplinary researchers engaged in wheat biofortification, aiding in the refinement of ongoing and future strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal of eradicating hunger and malnutrition by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Gupta
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ajeet Singh
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Vanita Pandey
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ramadas Sendhil
- Division of Social Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Mohd. Kamran Khan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Anamika Pandey
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Mehmet Hamurcu
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Sewa Ram
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Birol E, Foley J, Herrington C, Misra R, Mudyahoto B, Pfeiffer W, Diressie MT, Ilona P. Transforming Nigerian Food Systems Through Their Backbones: Lessons From a Decade of Staple Crop Biofortification Programing. Food Nutr Bull 2023; 44:S14-S26. [PMID: 36016479 DOI: 10.1177/03795721221117361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the evolution of the biofortification program in Nigeria over the last decade and the role of interdisciplinary research in informing cost-effective, efficient, and inclusive development; implementation; and scaling of this program. Launched in 2011 to improve Nigeria's food systems to deliver accessible and affordable nutrients through commonly consumed staples, the Nigeria biofortification program was implemented through an effective partnership between the CGIAR and public, private, and civil society sectors at federal, state, and local levels. By the end of 2021, several biofortified varieties of Nigeria's 2 main staples, namely cassava and maize, were officially released for production by smallholders, with several biofortified varieties of other key staples (including pearl millet, rice, and sorghum) either under testing or in the release pipeline. In 2021, the program was estimated to benefit 13 million Nigerians consuming biofortified cassava and maize varieties. The evidence on the nutritional impact, consumer and farmer acceptance, and cost-effective scalability of biofortified crops documented by the program resulted in the integration of biofortified crops in several key national public policies and social protection programs; private seed and food company products/investments, as well as in humanitarian aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Birol
- Georgetown University, Walsh School of Foreign Service, Global Human Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jennifer Foley
- HarvestPlus, c/o International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Caitlin Herrington
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rewa Misra
- HarvestPlus, c/o International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bho Mudyahoto
- HarvestPlus, c/o International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wolfgang Pfeiffer
- HarvestPlus, c/o International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Tedla Diressie
- HarvestPlus, c/o International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, USA
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Birol E, Bouis HE. Role of socio-economic research in developing, delivering and scaling new crop varieties: the case of staple crop biofortification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1099496. [PMID: 37465389 PMCID: PMC10350902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1099496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The CGIAR biofortification program, HarvestPlus, was founded with the aim of improving the quality of diets through micronutrient-dense varieties of staple food crops. Implemented in four phases - discovery, development, delivery and scaling - the program was designed to be interdisciplinary, with plant breeding R&D supported by nutrition and socio-economic research. This paper explains the need, use and usefulness of socio-economic research in each phase of the program. Ex ante and ex post benefit-cost analyses facilitated fundraising for initial biofortification R&D and implementation in each subsequent phase, as well as encouraged other public, private, and civil society and non-governmental organizations to take on and mainstream biofortification in their crop R&D, policies, and programs. Socio-economics research helped guide plant breeding by identifying priority micronutrient- crop- geography combinations for maximum impact. Health impacts of biofortification could be projected both by using empirical results obtained through randomized controlled bioefficacy trials conducted by nutritionists, and through farmer-adoption models estimating impact at scale. Farmer and consumer surveys and monitoring systems provided the underlying information for estimating farmer adoption models and helped understand input/output markets, farmer and consumer preferences, and additional opportunities and challenges -all of which informed crop breeding and delivery activities, while building the knowledge base for catalyzing the scaling of biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Birol
- Global Human Development Program, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Howarth E. Bouis
- International Food Policy Research Institute, HarvestPlus and Micronutrient Forum, Los Banos, Philippines
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Dusingizimana T, Jones A, Vasanthakaalam H, Kjellqvist T. Household-Level Coverage of Iron-Biofortified Beans in the Northern Province of Rwanda. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100106. [PMID: 37396962 PMCID: PMC10314227 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biofortification, the process of enhancing the micronutrient content of staple crops, is a nutrition-sensitive agricultural intervention with the potential to increase micronutrient intakes and improve health outcomes, especially among vulnerable populations. Although data are available on the number of farming households that grow biofortified crops, information on the coverage of biofortified foods in the general population is limited. Such information is critical to assess the performance of biofortification programs and guide decisions related to program implementation while ascertaining progress toward achieving expected impacts. Objective This study aimed to assess the household coverage of iron-biofortified beans (IBBs) in rural areas of the Northern Province of Rwanda. Methods We applied methods previously used to assess coverage in large-scale food fortification programs to develop coverage indicators for IBBs. These indicators were 1) consumption of beans in any form; 2) awareness of IBBs; 3) availability of IBBs; 4) consumption of IBBs (ever); and 5) consumption of IBBs (current). Results Of the 535 households surveyed, 98% consumed beans in any form and 79% were aware of IBBs. Among the 321 households that provided bean samples, only 40% of the samples were biofortified (as determined by a breeding specialist) and only 21% of respondents were able to correctly identify IBBs. Although 52% of households reported to be ever consuming biofortified beans, only 10% of households were currently consuming these beans. Conclusions Despite relatively high awareness of IBBs among surveyed households, a few households currently consume IBBs, highlighting the need to explore strategies to promote consumption. More research is also required to investigate factors hindering the consumption of IBBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theogene Dusingizimana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (CAVM), University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, MI, United States
| | - Hilda Vasanthakaalam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (CAVM), University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Tomas Kjellqvist
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
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Padhy AK, Sharma A, Sharma H, Srivastava P, Singh S, Kaur P, Kaur J, Kaur S, Chhuneja P, Bains NS. Combining high carotenoid, grain protein content and rust resistance in wheat for food and nutritional security. Front Genet 2023; 14:1075767. [PMID: 36741327 PMCID: PMC9893017 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1075767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, malnutrition has given birth to an alarming predicament, especially in developing countries, and has extensively shifted consumer preferences from conventional high-energy diets to a nutritionally balanced, cost-effective, sustainable, and healthy lifestyle. In keeping with this view and the mandate for developing high-yielding, disease-resistant biofortified staple food (wheat) for catering to the demand-driven market, the current research aimed at stacking together the enhanced grain protein content, carotenoid content, and disease resistance in an elite bread wheat background. The Y gene (PsyE1) and the GpcB1 gene were used as novel sources for enhancing the grain carotenoid and protein content in the commercial elite bread wheat cultivar HD2967. The combination also led to the stacking of resistance against all three foliar rusts owing to linked resistance genes. A stepwise hybridization using Parent 1 (HD2967 + PsyE1/Lr19/Sr25) with Parent 2 (PBW550 + GpcB1/Yr36+ Yr15), coupled with a phenotypic-biochemical selection, narrowed down 2748 F2 individuals to a subset of 649 F2 plants for molecular screening. The gene-specific markers PsyE1, PsyD1, Xucw108, and Xbarc8 for the genes PsyE1, PsyD1, GpcB1, and Yr15, respectively, were employed for forward selection. Four bread wheat lines positive for all the desired genes with high carotenoid (>8ppm) and protein (>13%) content were raised to the F5 generation and will be evaluated for yield potential after bulking. These improved advanced breeding lines developed following multipronged efforts should prove a valuable and unique source for the development of cultivars with improved nutritional quality and rust resistance in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Achla Sharma
- *Correspondence: Achla Sharma, ; Asish Kumar Padhy,
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Gaoh BSB, Gangashetty PI, Mohammed R, Ango IK, Dzidzienyo DK, Tongoona P, Govindaraj M. Combining ability studies of grain Fe and Zn contents of pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.) in West Africa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1027279. [PMID: 36684795 PMCID: PMC9854276 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1027279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is a major challenge in Africa, where half a million children die each year because of lack of micronutrients in their food. Pearl millet is an important food and fodder crop for the people living in the Semi-Arid regions of West Africa. The present study was conducted to determine the stability, combining ability, and gene action conditions of the high level of Fe and Zn content in grain and selected agronomic traits. Hence, eight genotypes were selected based on the availability of grain Fe and Zn contents and crossed in a full diallel mating design. Progenies from an 8 × 8 diallel mating along with the parents were evaluated in an alpha lattice design with three replications in three locations for two years. The parental lines Jirani, LCIC 9702 and MORO, had positive significant general combining ability (GCA) effects for grain Fe concentration, while Jirani and MORO had positive significant GCA effects for grain Zn concentration. For the specific combining ability (SCA), among the 56 hybrids evaluated, only the hybrids LCIC 9702 × Jirani and MORO × ZANGO had positive significant SCA effects for grain Fe concentration across locations, and for grain Zn concentration, the hybrids Gamoji × MORO, LCIC 9702 × Jirani, and ICMV 167006 × Jirani had positive significant SCA effects. The reciprocal effects were significant for grain Zn concentration, grain yield, flowering time, plant height, test weight, and downy mildew incidence, suggesting that the choice of a female or male parent is critical in hybrid production. Grain Fe and Zn concentration, flowering time, plant height, panicle length, panicle girth, panicle compactness, and downy mildew incidence were found to be predominantly under additive gene action, while grain yield and test weight were predominantly under non-additive gene action. A highly positive correlation was found between grain Fe and Zn concentrations, which implies that improving grain Fe trait automatically improves the grain Zn content. The stability analysis revealed that the hybrid ICMV 167006 × Jirani was the most stable and high-yielding with a high level of grain Fe and Zn micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassirou Sani Boubacar Gaoh
- Pearl Millet Breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Niamey, Niger
- West African Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Prakash I. Gangashetty
- Pearl Millet Breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Niamey, Niger
- Pigeon Pea Breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
| | - Riyazaddin Mohammed
- Pearl Millet Breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Niamey, Niger
| | - Issoufou Kassari Ango
- Department of Rainfed Crop Production (DCP), Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger, Maradi, Niger
| | - Daniel Kwadjo Dzidzienyo
- West African Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Pangirayi Tongoona
- West African Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- Pigeon Pea Breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
- HarvestPlus, Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
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Jamla M, Joshi S, Patil S, Tripathi BN, Kumar V. MicroRNAs modulating nutrient homeostasis: a sustainable approach for developing biofortified crops. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:5-19. [PMID: 35657503 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During their lifespan, sessile plants have to cope with bioavailability of the suboptimal nutrient concentration and have to constantly sense/evolve the connecting web of signal cascades for efficient nutrient uptake, storage, and translocation for proper growth and metabolism. However, environmental fluctuations and escalating anthropogenic activities are making it a formidable challenge for plants. This is adding to (micro)nutrient-deficient crops and nutritional insecurity. Biofortification is emerging as a sustainable and efficacious approach which can be utilized to combat the micronutrient malnutrition. A biofortified crop has an enriched level of desired nutrients developed using conventional breeding, agronomic practices, or advanced biotechnological tools. Nutrient homeostasis gets hampered under nutrient stress, which involves disturbance in short-distance and long-distance cell-cell/cell-organ communications involving multiple cellular and molecular components. Advanced sequencing platforms coupled with bioinformatics pipelines and databases have suggested the potential roles of tiny signaling molecules and post-transcriptional regulators, the microRNAs (miRNAs) in key plant phenomena including nutrient homeostasis. miRNAs are seen as emerging targets for biotechnology-based biofortification programs. Thus, understanding the mechanistic insights and regulatory role of miRNAs could open new windows for exploring them in developing nutrient-efficient biofortified crops. This review discusses significance and roles of miRNAs in plant nutrition and nutrient homeostasis and how they play key roles in plant responses to nutrient imbalances/deficiencies/toxicities covering major nutrients-nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). A perspective view has been given on developing miRNA-engineered biofortified crops with recent success stories. Current challenges and future strategies have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Jamla
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
| | - Shrushti Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
| | - Suraj Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
| | - Bhumi Nath Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484887, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India.
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Effect of nutrition awareness on utilization of Orange Fleshed Sweetpotato among vulnerable populations in Kenya. Food Secur 2022; 15:479-491. [PMID: 36570637 PMCID: PMC9761635 DOI: 10.1007/s12571-022-01326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition continues to affect many vulnerable populations worldwide, with the majority of these residing in developing and underdeveloped countries. This problem has been exacerbated by the changing climate and more recently by the COVID-19 pandemic. Urgent efforts geared towards enhancing sustainable production and value chains of nutritious foods to ensure access to healthier diets are therefore critical. A recent partnership between the World Food Programme and the International Potato Center to enhance utilization of biofortified crops in fragile environments in Kenya is a step in this direction, aimed at improving the diets of households at risk of hunger and malnutrition. This study sets out to provide early evidence on the potential impacts of the interventions spearheaded in this partnership, together with lessons for further scaling efforts. Using household level data, the study adopts an impact evaluation framework to understand the effect of nutrition awareness through the dissemination of information on Vitamin A deficiency, on the utilization of orange fleshed sweetpotato, a biofortified crop rich in Vitamin A. Results show positive and significant effects of nutrition awareness on utilization of the orange-fleshed sweetpotato. Several factors were also identified as key to determining the exposure to nutrition awareness, including proximity to markets and extension agents, gender, and education levels. For widespread and inclusive adoption and utilization of orange-fleshed sweetpotato, out-scaling efforts need to consider these determinants in designing interventions aimed at raising nutrition awareness, as a key entry point to enhancing utilization of orange-fleshed sweetpotato.
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Douthwaite B, Johnson N, Wyatt A. Using Outcome Trajectory Evaluation to Assess HarvestPlus' Contribution to the Development of National Biofortification Breeding Programs. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH 2022; 35:426-451. [PMID: 36373021 PMCID: PMC9638342 DOI: 10.1057/s41287-022-00569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Improving policies-broadly defined-is at the heart of the structural transformation agenda. This paper describes the use of a new evaluation method-outcome trajectory evaluation (OTE), based on both evaluation and policy process theory-to explore the influence of HarvestPlus, a large and complex research for development program focused on improving nutrition, on a specific policy outcome, namely the establishment of biofortification crop breeding programs in national agricultural research institutes in Bangladesh, India, and Rwanda. The findings support claims of significant HarvestPlus contributions while also raising issues that need to be monitored to ensure sustainability. The paper also discusses the pros and cons of the OTE approach in terms of methodological rigor and the accumulation of learning from one evaluation to the next.
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Rodas-Moya S, Giudici FM, Mudyahoto B, Birol E, Kodish SR, Lachat C, Abreu TC, Melse-Boonstra A, van het Hof KH, Brouwer ID, Osendarp S, Feskens EJM. Critical review of indicators, metrics, methods, and tools for monitoring and evaluation of biofortification programs at scale. Front Nutr 2022; 9:963748. [PMID: 36313073 PMCID: PMC9607891 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.963748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sound monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems are needed to inform effective biofortification program management and implementation. Despite the existence of M&E frameworks for biofortification programs, the use of indicators, metrics, methods, and tools (IMMT) are currently not harmonized, rendering the tracking of biofortification programs difficult. We aimed to compile IMMT for M&E of existing biofortification programs and recommend a sub-set of high-level indicators (HLI) for a harmonized global M&E framework. We conducted (1) a mapping review to compile IMMT for M&E biofortification programs; (2) semi-structured interviews (SSIs) with biofortification programming experts (and other relevant stakeholders) to contextualize findings from step 1; and (3) compiled a generic biofortification program Theory of Change (ToC) to use it as an analytical framework for selecting the HLI. This study revealed diversity in seed systems and crop value chains across countries and crops, resulting in differences in M&E frameworks. Yet, sufficient commonalities between implementation pathways emerged. A set of 17 HLI for tracking critical results along the biofortification implementation pathway represented in the ToC is recommended for a harmonized global M&E framework. Further research is needed to test, revise, and develop mechanisms to harmonize the M&E framework across programs, institutions, and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rodas-Moya
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Santiago Rodas-Moya,
| | - Francesca M. Giudici
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bho Mudyahoto
- HarvestPlus, c/o International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ekin Birol
- Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Global Human Development Program, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Stephen R. Kodish
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Taymara C. Abreu
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alida Melse-Boonstra
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Karin H. van het Hof
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Inge D. Brouwer
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Saskia Osendarp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands,The Micronutrient Forum, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Edith J. M. Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Monroy-Gomez J, Ferraboschi C, van Zutphen KG, Gavin-Smith B, Amanquah D, Kraemer K. Small and Medium Enterprises' Perspectives on Food Fortification Amid the Growing Burden of Malnutrition. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183837. [PMID: 36145210 PMCID: PMC9503820 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for a profound food system transformation has never been greater. The growing burden of malnutrition has become the new normal, with two billion people who are overweight, over 140 million children under five who are stunted and over two billion people affected by hidden hunger. Food fortification has been recognized as a cost-effective strategy to address micronutrient deficiencies. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a strategic role in the food supply chain in low- and middle-income countries, accounting for over 80% of food sales. It is therefore critical to create an enabling environment to facilitate SMEs' involvement in food fortification practices as a potential solution to tackle all forms of malnutrition. This review highlights SMEs' relevance as agents of change in the food system through food fortification practices and their indirect yet key role in producing nutritious, tasty and affordable foods. It discusses their challenges (e.g., access to long-term finance, sustainable technical assistance, limited capacity), presents solutions and discusses how different actors can help SMEs to overcome these challenges. Furthermore, it presents a relevant public-private partnership case study to demonstrate how SMEs can address the growing burden of malnutrition through food fortification practices, nutrient profiling schemes and demand generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kesso Gabrielle van Zutphen
- Sight and Life, P.O. Box 2116, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Klaus Kraemer
- Sight and Life, P.O. Box 2116, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Correspondence:
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Dwivedi SL, Mattoo AK, Garg M, Dutt S, Singh B, Ortiz R. Developing Germplasm and Promoting Consumption of Anthocyanin-Rich Grains for Health Benefits. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.867897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition, unhealthy diets, and lifestyle changes are the major risk factors for overweight and obesity-linked chronic diseases in humans adversely impact achieving sustainable development goals. Colored grains are a source of anthocyanins, a group of flavonoids, that contribute positively to human health. This review focuses on genetic variation harnessed through breeding and biotechnology tools for developing anthocyanin-rich grain crops. Agronomic practices, genotype × environment interactions, different stresses, seed development and seed maturity are factors that impact the content and composition of anthocyanins. Significant progress has been made in characterizing genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in cereal and other crops. Breeding has led to the development and release of grain anthocyanin-rich crop cultivars in Europe, America and in some countries in Asia. Notably, genetic engineering utilizing specific transcription factors and gene editing has led to the development of anthocyanin-rich genetic variants without any significant yield penalty. A variety of food products derived from colored grains or flours are now available in grocery stores and supermarkets worldwide. The public perception about anthocyanin-rich food is positive, but availability, affordability, and willingness to pay a higher price than before limit consumption. Together with other seed nutrition traits in breeding programs the inclusion of anthocyanins can ensure the development of cultivars that meet nutrition needs of humans, especially in the developing world.
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Schröder P, Mench M, Povilaitis V, Rineau F, Rutkowska B, Schloter M, Szulc W, Žydelis R, Loit E. Relaunch cropping on marginal soils by incorporating amendments and beneficial trace elements in an interdisciplinary approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149844. [PMID: 34525739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the EU and world-wide, agriculture is in transition. Whilst we just converted conventional farming imprinted by the post-war food demand and heavy agrochemical usage into integrated and sustainable farming with optimized production, we now have to focus on even smarter agricultural management. Enhanced nutrient efficiency and resistance to pests/pathogens combined with a greener footprint will be crucial for future sustainable farming and its wider environment. Future land use must embrace efficient production and utilization of biomass for improved economic, environmental, and social outcomes, as subsumed under the EU Green Deal, including also sites that have so far been considered as marginal and excluded from production. Another frontier is to supply high-quality food and feed to increase the nutrient density of staple crops. In diets of over two-thirds of the world's population, more than one micronutrient (Fe, Zn, I or Se) is lacking. To improve nutritious values of crops, it will be necessary to combine integrated, systems-based approaches of land management with sustainable redevelopment of agriculture, including central ecosystem services, on so far neglected sites: neglected grassland, set aside land, and marginal lands, paying attention to their connectivity with natural areas. Here we need new integrative approaches which allow the application of different instruments to provide us not only with biomass of sufficient quality and quantity in a site specific manner, but also to improve soil ecological services, e.g. soil C sequestration, water quality, habitat and soil resistance to erosion, while keeping fertilization as low as possible. Such instruments may include the application of different forms of high carbon amendments, the application of macro- and microelements to improve crop performance and quality as well as a targeted manipulation of the soil microbiome. Under certain caveats, the potential of such sites can be unlocked by innovative production systems, ready for the sustainable production of crops enriched in micronutrients and providing services within a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schröder
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microiome Analysis, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Michel Mench
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Virmantas Povilaitis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija LT-58344, Kedainiai distr. Lithuania
| | - Francois Rineau
- Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Beata Rutkowska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael Schloter
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microiome Analysis, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wieslaw Szulc
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renaldas Žydelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija LT-58344, Kedainiai distr. Lithuania
| | - Evelin Loit
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Chair of Field Crops and Plant Biology, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
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Mangel N, Fudge JB, Gruissem W, Fitzpatrick TB, Vanderschuren H. Natural Variation in Vitamin B 1 and Vitamin B 6 Contents in Rice Germplasm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:856880. [PMID: 35444674 PMCID: PMC9014206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.856880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient dietary intake of micronutrients contributes to the onset of deficiencies termed hidden hunger-a global health problem affecting approximately 2 billion people. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) are essential micronutrients because of their roles as enzymatic cofactors in all organisms. Metabolic engineering attempts to biofortify rice endosperm-a poor source of several micronutrients leading to deficiencies when consumed monotonously-have led to only minimal improvements in vitamin B1 and B6 contents. To determine if rice germplasm could be exploited for biofortification of rice endosperm, we screened 59 genetically diverse accessions under greenhouse conditions for variation in vitamin B1 and vitamin B6 contents across three tissue types (leaves, unpolished and polished grain). Accessions from low, intermediate and high vitamin categories that had similar vitamin levels in two greenhouse experiments were chosen for in-depth vitamer profiling and selected biosynthesis gene expression analyses. Vitamin B1 and B6 contents in polished seeds varied almost 4-fold. Genes encoding select vitamin B1 and B6 biosynthesis de novo enzymes (THIC for vitamin B1, PDX1.3a-c and PDX2 for vitamin B6) were differentially expressed in leaves across accessions contrasting in their respective vitamin contents. These expression levels did not correlate with leaf and unpolished seed vitamin contents, except for THIC expression in leaves that was positively correlated with total vitamin B1 contents in polished seeds. This study expands our knowledge of diversity in micronutrient traits in rice germplasm and provides insights into the expression of genes for vitamin B1 and B6 biosynthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Mangel
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jared B. Fudge
- Vitamin & Environmental Stress Responses in Plants, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Wilhelm Gruissem,
| | - Teresa B. Fitzpatrick
- Vitamin & Environmental Stress Responses in Plants, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- Teresa B. Fitzpatrick,
| | - Hervé Vanderschuren
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Hervé Vanderschuren,
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Scharff LB, Saltenis VLR, Jensen PE, Baekelandt A, Burgess AJ, Burow M, Ceriotti A, Cohan J, Geu‐Flores F, Halkier BA, Haslam RP, Inzé D, Klein Lankhorst R, Murchie EH, Napier JA, Nacry P, Parry MAJ, Santino A, Scarano A, Sparvoli F, Wilhelm R, Pribil M. Prospects to improve the nutritional quality of crops. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lars B. Scharff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Vandasue L. R. Saltenis
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Aldo Ceriotti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology National Research Council (CNR) Milan Italy
| | | | - Fernando Geu‐Flores
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Barbara Ann Halkier
- DynaMo Center Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | | | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - René Klein Lankhorst
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | | | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMPUniv MontpellierINRAECNRSMontpellier SupAgro Montpellier France
| | | | - Angelo Santino
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA) National Research Council (CNR) Lecce Italy
| | - Aurelia Scarano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA) National Research Council (CNR) Lecce Italy
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- DynaMo Center Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Ralf Wilhelm
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology Julius Kühn‐Institut – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Quedlinburg Germany
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
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Sperança MA, Mayorquín-Guevara JE, da Cruz MCP, de Almeida Teixeira GH, Pereira FMV. Biofortification quality in bananas monitored by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and chemometrics. Food Chem 2021; 362:130172. [PMID: 34118507 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biofortification is a nutritional strategy used to enhance nutrients in a variety of staple foods. As bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) are considered staple food in many developing countries, monitoring zinc (Zn) content in biofortified bananas is crucial to ensure this mineral intake. Bananas were biofortified by injecting Zn sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O) solutions into banana trees' pseudostem (1%, 2%, and 4%) compared with the control treatment. Zinc content was estimated using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and multivariate calibration using partial least squares (PLS). The impressive result is the possibility of high throughput analysis of Zn in bananas after biofortification to guarantee the quality when eaten as a central portion of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurelio Sperança
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Group of Alternative Analytical Approaches (GAAA), Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN), Av. Prof. Francisco Degni, 55 - Jardim Quitandinha, Araraquara, São Paulo CEP: 14.800-060, Brazil
| | - Juan Esteban Mayorquín-Guevara
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), Jaboticabal Campus. Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n. Jaboticabal, São Paulo CEP: 14.884-900, Brazil
| | - Mara Cristina Pessoa da Cruz
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), Jaboticabal Campus. Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n. Jaboticabal, São Paulo CEP: 14.884-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique de Almeida Teixeira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), Jaboticabal Campus. Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n. Jaboticabal, São Paulo CEP: 14.884-900, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Manhas Verbi Pereira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Group of Alternative Analytical Approaches (GAAA), Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN), Av. Prof. Francisco Degni, 55 - Jardim Quitandinha, Araraquara, São Paulo CEP: 14.800-060, Brazil; National Institute of Alternative Technologies for Detection Toxicological Assessment and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Substances (INCT-DATREM), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Av. Prof. Francisco Degni, 55 - Jardim Quitandinha, Araraquara, São Paulo, CEP: 14.800-060, Brazil.
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