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Vaccaro MG, Liuzza MT, Pastore M, Paúl N, Yubero R, Quattrone A, Antonucci G, Gambardella A, Maestú F. The validity and reliability of the Test of Memory Strategies among Italian healthy adults. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14059. [PMID: 36196404 PMCID: PMC9527021 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous literature has shown that executive functions (EF) are related to performance in memory (M) tasks. Nevertheless, there is a shortage of psychometric tests that examine these two constructs simultaneously. The Test of Memory Strategies (TMS; previously validated in Spain and Portugal) could be a useful verbal learning task that evaluates these two constructs at once. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the TMS in an Italian adult sample. Method One hundred twenty-one healthy volunteers (74 F, Mean age = 45.9 years old, SD = 20.4) who underwent a neuropsychological examination participated in this study. We conducted a Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate the structural validity of the TMS. We conducted a latent variable analysis to examine convergent and discriminant validity of the TMS sub-scale scores reflecting executive functions and memory. We also examined the TMS reliability in terms of internal consistency through the McDonald's omega. Results The CFA confirmed the expectation that the TMS-1 and TMS-2 subtests reflect a factor and that the TMS-3, TMS-4, and TMS-5 subtests reflect a different factor. This result is in line with the prediction that TMS-1 and TMS-2 require the use of executive functions and memory simultaneously, and therefore we called this factor executive functions (EF); whereas the TMS-3, TMS-4, and TMS-5 subtests require less involvement of executive functions, thus reflecting a construct that we named memory (M). The TMS subtests for EF and M showed convergent validity with the test scores using a traditional neuropsychological battery, assessing memory and executive functions separately. Finally, the reliability of the subtests was good. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that TMS is a valid and reliable scale to simultaneously assess M and EF while among Italian healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Vaccaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italia,Neuroscience Center, “Magna Græcia” University, Catanzaro, Italy, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italia
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italia
| | - Massimiliano Pastore
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Padova University, Padova, Veneto, Italy
| | - Nuria Paúl
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Yubero
- Department of Neurology, Quirón Pozuelo Hospital, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Quattrone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italia
| | - Gabriella Antonucci
- Department of Psychology, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Roma, Lazio, Italy,Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Roma, Lazio, Italia
| | - Antonio Gambardella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italia
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Pérez RF, Alba-Linares JJ, Tejedor JR, Fernández AF, Calero M, Román-Domínguez A, Borrás C, Viña J, Ávila J, Medina M, Fraga MF. Blood DNA methylation patterns in older adults with evolving dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1743-1749. [PMID: 35299244 PMCID: PMC9434456 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia and cognitive disorders are major aging-associated pathologies. The prevalence and severity of these conditions are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Reflecting this, epigenetic alterations have been associated with each of these processes, especially at the level of DNA methylation, and such changes may help explain the observed interindividual variability in the development of the 2 pathologies. However, the importance of epigenetic alterations in explaining their etiology is unclear because little is known about the timing of when they appear. Here, using Illumina MethylationEPIC arrays, we have longitudinally analyzed the peripheral blood methylomes of cognitively healthy older adults (>70 year), some of whom went on to develop dementia while others stayed healthy. We have characterized 34 individuals at the prediagnosis stage and at a 4-year follow-up in the postdiagnosis stage (total n = 68). Our results show multiple DNA methylation alterations linked to dementia status, particularly at the level of differentially methylated regions. These loci are associated with several dementia-related genes, including PON1, AP2A2, MAGI2, POT1, ITGAX, PACSIN1, SLC2A8, and EIF4E. We also provide validation of the previously reported epigenetic alteration of HOXB6 and PM20D1. Importantly, we show that most of these regions are already altered in the prediagnosis stage of individuals who go on to develop dementia. In conclusion, our observations suggest that dementia-associated epigenetic patterns that have specific biological features are already present before diagnosis, and thus may be important in the design of epigenetic biomarkers for disease detection based on peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Fernández Pérez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory. Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC). Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA-FINBA). Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII)
| | - Juan José Alba-Linares
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory. Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC). Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA-FINBA). Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII)
| | - Juan Ramón Tejedor
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory. Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC). Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA-FINBA). Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII)
| | - Agustín Fernández Fernández
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory. Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC). Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA-FINBA). Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII)
| | - Miguel Calero
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Román-Domínguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES-ISCIII, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES-ISCIII, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES-ISCIII, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Medina
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández Fraga
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory. Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC). Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA-FINBA). Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII)
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3
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Podda J, Ponzio M, Pedullà L, Monti Bragadin M, Battaglia MA, Zaratin P, Brichetto G, Tacchino A. Predominant cognitive phenotypes in multiple sclerosis: Insights from patient-centered outcomes. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 51:102919. [PMID: 33799285 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since combining information from different domains could be useful to increase prediction accuracy over and above what can be achieved at the level of single category of markers, this study aimed to identify distinct and predominant subtypes, i.e., cognitive phenotypes, in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) considering both cognitive impairment and mood disorders. METHODS A latent class analysis (LCA) was applied on data from 872 PwMS who were tested with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Furthermore, the distribution of demographic (i.e., age, gender, years of education) and clinical characteristics (i.e., disease duration, disease course, disability level) was examined amongst the identified phenotypes. RESULTS Based on model fit and parsimony criteria, LCA identified four cognitive phenotypes: 1) only memory difficulties (n = 247; 28.3%); 2) minor memory and language deficits with mood disorders (n = 185; 21.2%); 3) moderate memory, language and attention impairments (n = 164; 18.8%); 4) severe memory, language, attention, information processing and executive functions difficulties (n = 276; 31.7%). CONCLUSIONS Since less is known about the progressive deterioration of cognition in PwMS, a taxonomy of distinct subtypes that consider information from different clustered domains (i.e., cognition and mood) represents both a challenge and opportunity for an advanced understanding of cognitive impairments and development of tailored cognitive treatments in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Podda
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Michela Ponzio
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ludovico Pedullà
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - Margherita Monti Bragadin
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy; AISM Rehabilitation Service, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Society, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Alberto Battaglia
- Department of Physiopathology, Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Zaratin
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Brichetto
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy; AISM Rehabilitation Service, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Society, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Tacchino
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
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4
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Hayat SA, Luben R, Khaw KT, Brayne C. The Relationship Between Cognitive Performance Using Tests Assessing a Range of Cognitive Domains and Future Dementia Diagnosis in a British Cohort: A Ten-Year Prospective Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:123-135. [PMID: 33867360 PMCID: PMC8203214 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring the domains of cognitive function which are most strongly associated with future dementia may help with understanding risk factors for, and the natural history of dementia. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of performance on a range of cognitive tests (both global and domain specific) with subsequent diagnosis of dementia through health services in a population of relatively healthy men and women and risk of future dementia. METHODS We examined the association between performance on different cognitive tests as well as a global score and future dementia risk ascertained through health record linkage in a cohort of 8,581 individuals (aged 48-92 years) between 2004-2019 with almost 15 years follow-up (average of 10 years) before and after adjustment for socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics. RESULTS Those with poor performance for global cognition (bottom 10%) were almost four times as likely to receive a dementia diagnosis from health services over the next 15 years than those who performed well HR = 3.51 (95% CI 2.61, 4.71 p < 0.001) after adjustment for socioeconomic, lifestyle, and biological factors and also prevalent disease. Poor cognition performance in multiple tests was associated with 10-fold increased risk compared to those not performing poorly in any test HR = 10.82 (95% CI 6.85, 17.10 p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Deficits across multiple cognitive domains substantially increase risk of future dementia over and above neuropsychological test scores ten years prior to a clinical diagnosis. These findings may help further understanding of the natural history of dementia and how such measures could contribute to strengthening future models of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabina A. Hayat
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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5
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Li A, Chen Y, van der Sluis LWM, Schuller AA, Tjakkes GH. White Blood Cell Count Mediates the Association Between Periodontal Inflammation and Cognitive Performance Measured by Digit Symbol Substitution Test Among Older U.S. Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 76:1309-1315. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Systemic effects of periodontal infection may increase the risk of central neuroinflammation, aggravating impaired cognition. This study aims to examine whether systemic inflammatory factors mediate the possible association between periodontal inflammation and cognitive function.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 766 participants aged ≥ 60 years and who had completed periodontal and cognitive examinations in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2002. We used multivariable linear regression to investigate the overall association between periodontal health and cognitive function as measured by the digit symbol substitution test (DSST). Bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) were used to assess the periodontal inflammatory activity and burden, respectively. Mediation analyses were used to test the indirect effects of the BOP/PISA on DSST via C-reactive protein, white blood cell (WBC) count, and fibrinogen.
Results
Participants with superior periodontal health obtained higher DSST scores than those with poorer periodontal health, adjusting for demographic factors and chronic conditions. Concerning the inflammatory activity, WBC count acted as a full mediator in the association between BOP and DSST (β = −0.091; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.174 to −0.008) and mediated 27.5% of the total association. Regarding the inflammatory burden, WBC count acted as a partial mediator in the association between PISA and DSST (β = −0.059; 95% CI = −0.087 to −0.031) and mediated 20.3% of the total association.
Conclusion
Our study indicated the potential role of systemic inflammatory factors as a mediator of associations between periodontal inflammation and cognitive function in the U.S. geriatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Li
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yuntao Chen
- Medical Statistics and Decision Making, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Luc W M van der Sluis
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie A Schuller
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Child Health, the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Geerten-Has Tjakkes
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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Shishtar E, Rogers GT, Blumberg JB, Au R, Jacques PF. Long-term dietary flavonoid intake and risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementias in the Framingham Offspring Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:343-353. [PMID: 32320019 PMCID: PMC7398772 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings from existing prospective observational studies on the protective associations of flavonoid intake and the risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) are inconsistent largely due to limitations of these studies. OBJECTIVES To examine the prospective relation between total and 6 classes of dietary flavonoid intake and risk of ADRD and Alzheimer disease (AD) while addressing limitations of earlier observational studies. METHODS We used data from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort exams 5 through 9. Participants were ADRD-free with a valid FFQ at baseline. Flavonoid intakes were updated at each exam to represent the cumulative average intake across the 5 exams, and were expressed as percentile categories of intake (≤15th, >15th to 30th, >30th to 60th, >60th) to handle their nonlinear relation with ADRD and AD. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the HRs for the association between the flavonoid intakes and incidence of ADRD and AD. RESULTS Over an average follow-up of 19.7 y in 2801 participants (mean baseline age = 59.1 y; 52% females), there were 193 ADRD events of which 158 were AD. After multivariate and dietary adjustments, individuals with the highest (>60th percentile) intakes of flavonols, anthocyanins, and flavonoid polymers had a lower risk of ADRD relative to individuals with the lowest intakes (≤15th percentile), with HRs (95% CI; P-trend) of 0.54 (0.32, 0.90; P = 0.003) for flavonols, 0.24 (0.15, 0.39; P < 0.001) for anthocyanins, and 0.58 (0.35, 0.94; P = 0.03) for flavonoid polymers. The same pattern of associations was seen with AD for flavonols and anthocyanins but not for flavonoid polymers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that higher long-term dietary intakes of flavonoids are associated with lower risks of ADRD and AD in US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Shishtar
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- The Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gail T Rogers
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- The Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rhoda Au
- The Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- The Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Valech N, Sánchez-Benavides G, Tort-Merino A, Coll-Padrós N, Olives J, León M, Falcon C, Molinuevo JL, Rami L. Associations Between the Subjective Cognitive Decline-Questionnaire’s Scores, Gray Matter Volume, and Amyloid-β Levels. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 72:1287-1302. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Valech
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Adrià Tort-Merino
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Coll-Padrós
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’ Investigacions Biomèdiques August pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Olives
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María León
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Falcon
- Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en red (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’ Investigacions Biomèdiques August pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Rami
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’ Investigacions Biomèdiques August pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Liew TM, Yu J, Mahendran R, Ng TP, Kua EH, Feng L. Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Subtypes among Community-Dwelling Older Persons and the Association with DSM-5 Mild Neurocognitive Disorder: Latent Class Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:675-686. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tau Ming Liew
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junhong Yu
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Rathi Mahendran
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tze-Pin Ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee-Heok Kua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Wallert J, Ekman U, Westman E, Madison G. The worst performance rule with elderly in abnormal cognitive decline. INTELLIGENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Zhang T, Lin CC, Yu TC, Sun J, Hsu WC, Wong AMK. Fun cube based brain gym cognitive function assessment system. Comput Biol Med 2017; 84:1-8. [PMID: 28315750 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to design and develop a fun cube (FC) based brain gym (BG) cognitive function assessment system using the wireless sensor network and multimedia technologies. The system comprised (1) interaction devices, FCs and a workstation used as interactive tools for collecting and transferring data to the server, (2) a BG information management system responsible for managing the cognitive games and storing test results, and (3) a feedback system used for conducting the analysis of cognitive functions to assist caregivers in screening high risk groups with mild cognitive impairment. Three kinds of experiments were performed to evaluate the developed FC-based BG cognitive function assessment system. The experimental results showed that the Pearson correlation coefficient between the system's evaluation outcomes and the traditional Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores was 0.83. The average Technology Acceptance Model 2 score was close to six for 31 elderly subjects. Most subjects considered that the brain games are interesting and the FC human-machine interface is easy to learn and operate. The control group and the cognitive impairment group had statistically significant difference with respect to the accuracy of and the time taken for the brain cognitive function assessment games, including Animal Naming, Color Search, Trail Making Test, Change Blindness, and Forward / Backward Digit Span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chung-Chih Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Tsang-Chu Yu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Chuin Hsu
- Department of Physical Medical and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Alice May-Kuen Wong
- Department of Physical Medical and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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11
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Strier R, Werner P. Tracing Stigma in Long-Term Care Insurance in Israel: Stakeholders' Views of Policy Implementation. J Aging Soc Policy 2017; 28:29-48. [PMID: 26565128 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2016.1111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Almost all developed countries provide some answers for long-term care, but only a few countries in the world, such as Japan, Austria, the Netherlands, Germany, and Israel, have implemented long-term care insurance (LTCI) based on legislation and entitlement principles. In Israel, a community-based LTCI social program has achieved multiple goals and considerably improved the life of frail older people. However, some studies show that despite the rising costs of home care and the mandatory and almost universal nature of LTCI there are still cases in which people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other types of dementia or their relatives vacillate or even decline to make use of their rights. We examined the question of whether these patterns may reflect the presence of welfare stigma (i.e., stigmatized views of LTCI) either related to identity stigma of persons with AD or to treatment stigma, usually associated with welfare bureaucracy. Based on a qualitative design, this article uses a methodology of personal in-depth and focus group triangulation, by which the views of three groups of stakeholders are explored and compared: persons with AD, relatives, and professionals. Findings showed the presence of stigmatic self-images among persons with AD or other types of dementia and the absence of such images in relatives' and professionals' views of them and of LTCI. However, treatment stigma was found to be primarily associated with eligibility determination procedures. The study concludes that LTCI, even when mandated and almost universal, may also generate welfare stigma due to the ways in which it is implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Strier
- a School of Social Work , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
| | - Perla Werner
- a School of Social Work , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
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Hyperfamiliarity in Amnestic and Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment. Can J Neurol Sci 2017; 44:17-23. [DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2016.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:Hyperfamiliarity is a phenomenon where new stimuli are perceived as familiar. Previous studies have demonstrated familiarity disorder in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but mostly from the perspective of a neuropsychological approach, and the exact correlation of MCI aetiologies with the phenomenon remains uncertain. Based on current evidence suggesting a frontal-subcortical pathway contributing to familiarity processing, we hypothesize that individuals with a vascular aetiology of MCI will likely suffer more familiarity deficits. This study aims to examine the real-life hyperfamiliarity symptoms in amnestic versus vascular MCI.Methods:Informants of 11 amnestic and 9 vascular cognitive impairment patients were interviewed about the frequency of hyperfamiliarity symptoms in the previous month. MRI brain images of vascular cognitive impairment patients were analysed as well.Results:Patients with vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (VCIND) showed a significantly higher frequency of hyperfamiliarity for people but not places or objects. Within VCIND patients, overall basal ganglia hyperintensities, particularly in the putamen, were found to significantly correlate to hyperfamiliarity.Conclusions:Patients with VCIND suffer more real-life hyperfamiliarity during people recognition compared to patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), despite a comparative global decline in cognitive. This is likely due to impaired memory retrieval and matching processes resulting from subcortical ischaemic lesions.
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Sohel N, Tuokko H, Griffith L, Raina P. Factors influencing discrepancies in self-reported memory and performance on memory recall in the Canadian Community Health Survey-Healthy Aging, 2008-09. Age Ageing 2016; 45:280-6. [PMID: 26656237 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE the objectives of this study were: (i) to estimate the rate of discrepancy between participant single-item self-reports of good memory and poor performance on a list-learning task and (ii) to identify the factors including age, gender and health status that influence these discrepant classifications. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS in total, 14,172 individuals, aged 45-85, were selected from the 2008-09 Canadian Community Health Survey on Healthy Aging. We examined the individual characteristics of participants with and without discrepancies between memory self-reports and performance with a generalised linear model, adjusting for potential covariates. RESULTS the mean age of respondents was 62.9 years with 56.7% being female, 53.8% having post-secondary graduation and 83% being born in Canada. Higher discrepant classification rates we observed for younger people (6.77 versus 3.65 for lowest and highest group), female (5.90 versus 3.68) and with higher education (6.17 versus 3.52). Discrepant classification rates adjusted with all covariates were higher for those without chronic diseases (5.37 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 4.16, 6.90] versus 4.05 95% CI: 3.38, 4.86; P = 0.0127), those who did not drink alcohol (5.87 95% CI: 4.69, 7.32 versus 3.70 95% CI: 3.00, 4.55; P < 0.0001), lonely participants (5.45 95% CI: 4.20, 7.04 versus 3.99 95% CI: 3.36, 4.77; P = 0.0081) and bilingual participants (5.67 95% CI: 4.18, 7.64 versus 3.83 95% CI: 3.27, 4.50; P = 0.0102). CONCLUSION the findings of this study suggest that the self-reported memory and memory performance differ in a substantial proportion of the population. Therefore, relying on a self-reported memory status may not accurately capture those experiencing memory difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Sohel
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holly Tuokko
- Centre on Aging, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lauren Griffith
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parminder Raina
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Zhu CW, Cosentino S, Ornstein K, Gu Y, Scarmeas N, Andrews H, Stern Y. Medicare Utilization and Expenditures Around Incident Dementia in a Multiethnic Cohort. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 70:1448-53. [PMID: 26311543 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined patterns of health care utilization and costs during the period around incident dementia. METHODS Participants were drawn from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project, a multiethnic, population-based, prospective study of cognitive aging of Medicare beneficiaries in a geographically defined area of northern Manhattan. Medicare utilization and expenditure were examined in individuals with clinically diagnosed dementia from 2 years before until 2 years after the initial diagnosis. A sample of non-demented individuals who were matched on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics at study enrollment was used as controls. Multivariable regression analysis estimated effects on Medicare utilization and expenditures associated with incident dementia. RESULTS During the 2 years before incident dementia, rates of inpatient admissions and outpatient visits were similar between dementia patients and non-demented controls, but use of home health and skilled nursing care and durable medical equipment were already higher in dementia patients. Results showed a small but significant excess increase associated with incident dementia in inpatient admissions but not in other areas of care. In the 2 years before incident dementia, total Medicare expenditures were already higher in dementia patients than in non-demented controls. But we found no excess increases in Medicare expenditures associated with incident dementia. CONCLUSIONS Demand for medical care already is increasing and costs are higher at the time of incident dementia. There was a small but significant excess risk of inpatient admission associated with incident dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn W Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, New York. Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Katherine Ornstein
- The Samuel Bronfman Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yian Gu
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, New York. Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, New York. Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Howard Andrews
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, New York. Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Moga DC, Abner EL, Brouwer ES. Dementia and “Obesity Paradox”: Is This for Real or Are We Missing Something? An Epidemiologist's Perspective. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015; 16:78-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The herbal extract 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is used in clinical practice for ischemic patients in China. It has been shown to have various neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the effects of NBP on learning and memory decline in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) animal model were investigated. Intragastric NBP administration to 4-month-old SAMP8 mice for 2 months significantly improved spatial learning and memory ability. Moreover, the loss of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neurons in the medial septal nucleus and the vertical limb of the diagonal band in SAMP8 mice was slowed down, as was the decline in the protein and mRNA expression of ChAT in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and forebrain. These results demonstrated that NBP treatment starting at the age of 4 months protected from the learning/memory deficits with aging of SAMP8 mice, and that this effect might be mediated by preventing the decline of the central cholinergic system.
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Gaugler JE, Hovater M, Roth DL, Johnston JA, Kane RL, Sarsour K. Depressive, functional status, and neuropsychiatric symptom trajectories before an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Aging Ment Health 2013; 18:110-6. [PMID: 23822174 PMCID: PMC3855584 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2013.814100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This short report relied on multiyear data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center - Uniform Data Set (NACC-UDS) to examine whether significant changes occurred in functional status, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and depressive symptoms in the years before receiving an Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. METHOD The secondary analysis used a retrospective cohort design. The NACC-UDS is a publicly accessible, longitudinal database that includes standardized data on neuropsychiatric symptoms, functional status, and depressive symptoms for Alzheimer's Disease Center (ADC) participants in the USA based on their annual visits from 2005 to 2011. ADC participants were considered diagnosed with AD if a follow-up data form indicated an affirmative response to whether the ADC participant had 'probable AD (National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS)/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (ADRDA))' or 'possible AD (NINCDS/ADRDA).' This yielded an analytic sample of 2478 individuals (139 with an eventual probable AD diagnosis, 109 individuals with an eventual possible AD diagnosis, and 2230 without any AD diagnosis) representing a total of 11,358 visits/points of data. RESULTS Multilevel linear models revealed significant decreases (p < 0.05) in functional status prior to a probable or possible AD diagnosis and significant increases in depressive symptoms prior to a probable AD diagnosis. DISCUSSION Changes in functional and depressive symptoms were partly independent of cognitive decline. The longitudinal results lend additional support to conceptual and empirical models of pre-diagnosis declines in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Gaugler
- a School of Nursing, Center on Aging, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , Minneapolis , MN , USA
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Koppelmans V, Breteler MMB, Boogerd W, Seynaeve C, Schagen SB. Late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy for adult onset non-CNS cancer; cognitive impairment, brain structure and risk of dementia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 88:87-101. [PMID: 23768778 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the late (i.e. ≥ 5 years post-treatment) effects of chemotherapy for non-central nervous system (non-CNS) cancer on the brain. Here we discuss the studies that have investigated the late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy for non-CNS cancer on cognitive function (n=6); brain structure and function (n=5); and incidence of dementia (n=4). The neuropsychological studies showed long-term adverse cognitive problems in chemotherapy-exposed breast cancer survivors. This is in line with results from neuroimaging studies that report long-term brain structural alterations after chemotherapy. The studies exploring the association between chemotherapy and the incidence of dementia were contradictive and showed no clear relationship between the two phenomena. Although several methodological issues limit the validity and interpretation of some of the results of these studies, they suggest that chemotherapy is associated with subtle, yet long-lasting cognitive deficits, possibly related to brain structural and functional differences, but as yet not with an increased risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Koppelmans
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Psychosocial Research & Epidemiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chary E, Amieva H, Pérès K, Orgogozo J, Dartigues J, Jacqmin‐Gadda H. Short‐ versus long‐term prediction of dementia among subjects with low and high educational levels. Alzheimers Dement 2012; 9:562-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.2188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Chary
- Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897BordeauxFrance
- INSERM, Centre INSERM U897BordeauxFrance
| | - Hélène Amieva
- Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897BordeauxFrance
- INSERM, Centre INSERM U897BordeauxFrance
| | - Karine Pérès
- Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897BordeauxFrance
- INSERM, Centre INSERM U897BordeauxFrance
| | - Jean‐Marc Orgogozo
- Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897BordeauxFrance
- INSERM, Centre INSERM U897BordeauxFrance
- Service de NeurologieDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesCHU PellegrinBordeauxFrance
| | - Jean‐François Dartigues
- Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897BordeauxFrance
- INSERM, Centre INSERM U897BordeauxFrance
- Service de NeurologieDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesCHU PellegrinBordeauxFrance
| | - Hélène Jacqmin‐Gadda
- Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897BordeauxFrance
- INSERM, Centre INSERM U897BordeauxFrance
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Brewster PW, McDowell I, Moineddin R, Tierney MC. Differential prediction of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease in nondemented older adults within 5 years of initial testing. Alzheimers Dement 2012; 8:528-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.09.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W.H. Brewster
- Geriatric Research Unit, Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ian McDowell
- Department of Epidemiology and Community MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Rahim Moineddin
- Department of Family and Community MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Mary C. Tierney
- Geriatric Research Unit, Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Family and Community MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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Gaugler JE, Hovater M, Roth DL, Johnston JA, Kane RL, Sarsour K. Analysis of cognitive, functional, health service use, and cost trajectories prior to and following memory loss. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2012; 68:562-7. [PMID: 23009955 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbs078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This brief report examines whether significant changes in cognition, functional dependence, health service use, and out-of-pocket medical expenditures (OOPMD) occur in the years prior to a physician-identified memory problem in a nationally representative sample of older adults. METHOD Longitudinal data from the RAND-Health and Retirement Survey were utilized. Those who reported a physician-identified memory problem (n = 387) were compared with a randomly selected control group of similar age, race, and gender who did not indicate a memory problem (n = 387). Multilevel linear models were used to construct trajectories for various measures of cognition, function, health service use, and OOPMD in the years prior to and following memory problem identification. RESULTS Several trajectories demonstrated significant rates of change in the years leading up to a physician-identified memory problem, including symptoms (mental status, fine motor skills, and instrumental activities of daily living) and utilization (OOPMD and overnight stays in hospital). DISCUSSION Preclinical declines in mental status and function and increases in hospital use and OOPMD are apparent prior to the formal identification of memory problems. Earlier identification of these changes might provide a basis for interventions that could alter the clinical course of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Gaugler
- School of Nursing, Center on Aging, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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22
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Promising Genetic Biomarkers of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease: The Influence of APOE and TOMM40 on Brain Integrity. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:421452. [PMID: 22550605 PMCID: PMC3328927 DOI: 10.1155/2012/421452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding biomarkers constitutes a crucial step for early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain imaging techniques have revealed structural alterations in the brain that may be phenotypic in preclinical AD. The most prominent polymorphism that has been associated with AD and related neural changes is the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4. The translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOMM40), which is in linkage disequilibrium with APOE, has received increasing attention as a promising gene in AD. TOMM40 also impacts brain areas vulnerable in AD, by downstream apoptotic processes that forego extracellular amyloid beta aggregation. The present paper aims to extend on the mitochondrial influence in AD pathogenesis and we propose a TOMM40-induced disconnection of the medial temporal lobe. Finally, we discuss the possibility of mitochondrial dysfunction being the earliest pathophysiological event in AD, which indeed is supported by recent findings.
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Riley KP, Jicha GA, Davis D, Abner EL, Cooper GE, Stiles N, Smith CD, Kryscio RJ, Nelson PT, Van Eldik LJ, Schmitt FA. Prediction of preclinical Alzheimer's disease: longitudinal rates of change in cognition. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 25:707-17. [PMID: 21498903 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-102133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Alzheimer's disease (pAD) reflects neuropathological findings of AD in cognitively normal subjects. The present study represents an effort to determine if differences could be identified in the longitudinal patterns of cognitive performance in persons classified as pAD compared to those who did not meet criteria for AD at autopsy. We included 121 subjects who were cognitively normal from baseline through their last assessment before death and who underwent autopsy. Participants were classified into two groups: pathologically normal (PN; NIA-Reagan low or no-likelihood of AD, n = 89) and preclinical AD (pAD; NIA-Reagan criteria of intermediate or high-likelihood of AD in the absence of clinical dementia symptoms, n = 32) followed for a mean 7.5 years prior to death. Longitudinal rates and patterns of change in scores on a standard cognitive battery were compared between these two groups. While cognitive results at baseline and last evaluations revealed no clear cross sectional group differences after adjustment for age, ApoE status, education, and gender, statistically significant differences between the pAD and PN groups in slope of decline were seen on a composite score of cognitive function. Further analyses showed three components of this score reached significance: constructional praxis, delayed recall of a word list, and category verbal fluency. Despite being clinically viewed as normal at enrollment and at the final exam, there are significant differences in rates of cognitive decline in participants classified as pAD compared to those without this pathology. Longitudinal changes in slope of decline in specific cognitive test measures can serve as non-invasive methods for the detection of pAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn P Riley
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Borghesani PR, Weaver KE, Aylward EH, Richards AL, Madhyastha TM, Kahn AR, Liang O, Ellenbogen RL, Beg MF, Schaie KW, Willis SL. Midlife memory improvement predicts preservation of hippocampal volume in old age. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 33:1148-55. [PMID: 21074898 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examines whether midlife change in episodic memory predicts hippocampal volume in old age. From the Seattle Longitudinal Study we retrospectively identified 84 healthy, cognitively normal individuals, age 52 to 87, whose episodic memory had reliably declined (n = 33), improved (n = 28) or remained stable (n = 23) over a 14-year period in midlife (age 43-63). Midlife memory improvement was associated with 13% larger hippocampal volume (p < 0.01) in old age (age 66-87), compared with old age individuals whose midlife episodic memory had either declined or remained stable during midlife. Midlife memory change did not predict total hippocampal volume for those currently in late middle age (age 52-65). The pattern of findings was not modified by gender, apolipoprotein ε4 status, education or current memory performance. Change in midlife memory scores over 14 years, but not any single assessment, predicted hippocampal volumes in old age, emphasizing the importance of longitudinal data in examining brain-cognition relationships. These findings suggest that improvement in memory in midlife is associated with sparing of hippocampal volume in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Borghesani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Razani J, Chan A, Nordin S, Murphy C. Semantic networks for odors and colors in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 2010; 24:291-9. [PMID: 20438207 DOI: 10.1037/a0018269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impairment in odor-naming ability and in verbal and visual semantic networks raised the hypothesis of a breakdown in the semantic network for odors in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current study addressed this hypothesis. METHOD Twenty-four individuals, half patients with probable AD and half control participants, performed triadic-similarity judgments for odors and colors, separately, which, utilizing the multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique of individual difference scaling analysis (INDSCAL), generated two-dimensional configurations of similarity. The abilities to match odors and colors with written name labels were assessed to investigate disease-related differences in ability to identify and conceptualize the stimuli. In addition, responses on attribute-sorting tasks, requiring the odor and color perceptions to be categorized as one polarity of a certain dimension, were obtained to allow for objective interpretation of the MDS spatial maps. RESULTS Whereas comparison subjects generated spatial maps based predominantly on relatively abstract characteristics, patients with AD classified odors on perceptual characteristics. The maps for patients with AD also showed disorganized groupings and loose associations between odors. Their normal configurations for colors imply that the patients were able to comprehend the task per se. The data for label matching and for attribute sorting provide further evidence for a disturbance in semantic odor memory in AD. The patients performed poorer than controls on both these odor tasks, implying that the ability to identify and/or conceptualize odors is impaired in AD. CONCLUSION The results provide clear evidence for deterioration of the structure of semantic knowledge for odors in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Razani
- San Diego State University-University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, CA, USA
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Nunes B, Silva RD, Cruz VT, Roriz JM, Pais J, Silva MC. Prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairment in rural and urban populations from Northern Portugal. BMC Neurol 2010; 10:42. [PMID: 20540726 PMCID: PMC2905352 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-10-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite worldwide recognition of the burden of dementia, no epidemiological data is yet available in Portugal. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence and describe the pattern of cognitive impairment with dementia or no dementia (CIND) in rural and urban populations from Northern Portugal. Methods Two random samples of residents aged 55 to 79 years in rural and urban communities were drawn from the health centres registries to be screened for cognitive impairment. The screening criteria for dementia were an abnormal Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score or a Blessed Dementia Scale score. After excluding those who tested positive for dementia, cut-off points for CIND were set at 1 standard deviation below the mean of the MMSE according to educational level. All those who screened positive either for dementia or CIND were examined by a neurologist for establishing a definitive diagnosis. Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment was higher in rural than in urban populations, 16.8% (95% CI: 14.3-19.8%) vs. 12.0% (95%CI: 9.3-15.4%), with a rural/urban prevalence ratio (PR) of 2.16 (95% CI: 1.04-4.50) in the eldest and 2.19 (95% CI: 1.01-4.76) in persons with vascular risk factors. The prevalence of dementia was 2.7% (95% CI: 1.9-3.8%) with a rural/urban PR = 2.1 and the prevalence of CIND was 12.3% (95% CI: 10.4-14.4%) and PR = 1.3. The prevalence of dementia increases exponentially with age and in those with cerebrovascular disease or other comorbid conditions while the prevalence of CIND, besides these factors, is also higher in persons with low levels of education or vascular risk factors. Alzheimer's and vascular disease were equally likely aetiologies of dementia (38.7%), the later more common in men PR(F:M = 0.3) as opposed to the former PR(F:M = 2.0). Vascular CIND, associated either with cerebrovascular disease or vascular risk factors was more frequent (39.7%) then depression (18.4%) or any other aetiology. Conclusions The prevalence of cognitive impairment is higher in rural compared with urban populations. This is shown in the synergy between age and rurality, with the rural/urban prevalence ratio increasing with age. In this relatively young population from Northern Portugal, cerebrovascular disease as well as vascular risk factors account for 48% of overall cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belina Nunes
- UNIFAI, Instituto de Ciências Biomêdicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal.
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van den Kommer TN, Bontempo DE, Comijs HC, Hofer SM, Dik MG, Piccinin AM, Jonker C, Deeg DJ, Johansson B. Classification models for early identification of persons at risk for dementia in primary care: an evaluation in a sample aged 80 years and older. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2010; 28:567. [PMID: 20068305 PMCID: PMC2866580 DOI: 10.1159/000261501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate previously developed classification models to make implementation in primary care possible and aid early identification of persons at risk for dementia. METHODS Data were drawn from the OCTO-Twin study. At baseline, 521 persons >or= 80 years of age were nondemented, and for 387 a blood sample was available. Predictors of dementia were collected and analyzed in initially nondemented persons using generalized estimating equations and Cox survival analyses. RESULTS In the basic model using predictors already known or easily obtained (basic set), the mean 2-year predictive value increased from 6.9 to 28.8% in persons with memory complaints and an MMSE score <or= 25. In the extended model, using both the basic set and an extended set of predictors requiring further assessment, the 8-year predictive value increased from 15.0 to 45.8% in persons with low cholesterol and an MMSE score <or= 24. CONCLUSION Both models can contribute to an improved early identification of persons at risk for dementia in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa N. van den Kommer
- Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,*Tessa N. van den Kommer, VU University Medical Center, LASA, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL–1081 BT Amsterdam (The Netherlands), Tel. +31 204 449 337, Fax +31 204 446 775, E-Mail
| | - Daniel E. Bontempo
- Oregon State University, Human Development and Family Sciences, Corvallis, Oreg., USA
| | - Hannie C. Comijs
- Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott M. Hofer
- Oregon State University, Human Development and Family Sciences, Corvallis, Oreg., USA
| | - Miranda G. Dik
- Department of Nursing Home Medicine and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea M. Piccinin
- Oregon State University, Human Development and Family Sciences, Corvallis, Oreg., USA
| | - Cees Jonker
- Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorly J.H. Deeg
- Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boo Johansson
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Caserta MT, Bannon Y, Fernandez F, Giunta B, Schoenberg MR, Tan J. Chapter 1 Normal Brain Aging. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2009; 84:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(09)00401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Craik FIM. Memory changes in normal and pathological aging. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2008; 53:343-5. [PMID: 18616853 DOI: 10.1177/070674370805300601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fergus IM Craik
- Senior Scientist, Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario
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