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Thiele J, Williamson O, Ceavers O, FireMoon P, Johnson O, Rink E, Anastario M. Caregiver-Youth Communication Patterns and Sexual and Reproductive Health Among American Indian Youth. J Immigr Minor Health 2024:10.1007/s10903-024-01616-3. [PMID: 38995474 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-024-01616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Improving communication between American Indian caregivers and their youth has been suggested as an Indigenous-forward strategy to help alleviate the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) disparities faced by American Indian youth as a result of the legacy of colonial violence against American Indian communities. Studies with non-American Indian and American Indian populations suggest that effective communication about SRH between parents and youth plays a role in reducing sexual risk behaviors among youth. There is limited research that examines youth sexual risk behaviors in relation to communication patterns separately assessed in caregivers and youth. The current study aimed to examine the association between caregiver-youth communication patterns and engagement in sex, age at sexual debut, and condom use among American Indian youth in the United States. The study draws on baseline caregiver and youth data collected from Nen ŨnkUmbi/EdaHiYedo, a stepped wedge design trial with American Indian youth living on the Fort Peck Reservation in Montana. 113 caregiver responses were matched to 145 youth for the current study. Caregiver-youth communication patterns were examined in relation to youth engagement in sex, age at sexual debut, and number of protected acts of vaginal and/or anal sex. Multivariable models were used to adjust for confounders and to examine relationships between caregiver-youth communication and youth sexual risk outcomes. An increase in overall level of self-reported youth communication with caregivers about sexual and reproductive health topics was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of youth ever having engaged in sex. A significant interaction effect between youth communication and convergence with caregiver response was observed for the number of protected acts of vaginal and/or anal sex, where caregiver communication (regardless of self-reported youth communication with caregivers) was associated with a greater number of protected sex acts. This study fills a gap in the extant literature by reporting on relationships between communication about SRH, assessed separately in caregivers and youth, and youth sexual risk behaviors. Findings emphasize the importance of involving American Indian caregivers in SRH interventions to improve SRH outcomes among American Indian youth, and inform future experimental research that will evaluate how changes in caregiver communication potentially impact youth SRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Thiele
- Department of Health & Human Development, Montana State University, 250 Reid Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
| | - Olivia Williamson
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Olivia Ceavers
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Rink
- Department of Health & Human Development, Montana State University, 250 Reid Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Michael Anastario
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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Nattabi J, Nabunya P, Kizito S, Nabayinda J, Kiyingi J, Ssewamala F. The Impact of Parent-Adolescent Communication on Reduction of Sexual Risk Possibility Among Adolescents: Findings from the Suubi-Maka Study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:3521-3530. [PMID: 37349655 PMCID: PMC10739570 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Sexual risky behaviors among adolescents and young people remain a major public health problem worldwide. This study examined the impact of parent-adolescent communication on adolescents' possibility to engage in risky behaviors. The study used baseline data from the Suubi-Maka Study (2008-2012) implemented in 10 primary schools in Southern Uganda. Binary logistic regression models were conducted to determine the association between parent-adolescent communication and sexual risk possibility. Results indicate that gender [OR 0.220, 95% CI 0.107, 0.455], age [OR 1.891, 95% CI 1.030, 3.471], household size [OR 0.661, 95% CI 0.479, 0.913], and comfort level of family communication [OR 0.944, 95% CI 0.899, 0.990] were significantly associated with lower levels of sexual risk possibility among adolescents. There is a need to build interventions that make it easy and comfortable for adolescents to have open discussion and communication with parents on sexual risk possibility, risky behaviors, and risky situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nattabi
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, Brown Hall, Office 112, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Proscovia Nabunya
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, Brown Hall, Office 112, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Samuel Kizito
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, Brown Hall, Office 112, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Josephine Nabayinda
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, Brown Hall, Office 112, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Joshua Kiyingi
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, Brown Hall, Office 112, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Fred Ssewamala
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, Brown Hall, Office 112, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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Otegbayo BE, Omar N, Danaee M, Mohajer S, Aghamohamadi N. Impact of individual and environmental factors on academic performance of pregnant adolescent. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:383. [PMID: 37480050 PMCID: PMC10362692 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teenage pregnancies continue to disrupt teenage girls' academic development. As a result, teenage mothers are at risk of unemployment, maternal death, and poverty. Previous research, however, has shown that both individual and environmental factors can have a significant impact on the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy. However, there has been little rigorous research on the impact of these factors on pregnant students' academic performance. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between environmental (neighbourhood) and individuals (sexual attitudes, peer attachment) factors. It also examined the influence of individual factors on the academic performance of pregnant teens. METHODS The study included a cross-sectional study of 400 pregnant adolescent students aged 15-19 years. The target groups were drawn from three major cities in Nigeria. Respondents were identified through targeted snowballing. Pregnant participants were a combination of married and unmarried girls attending school from home. Data were collected using a structured and self-completed questionnaire. Thus, frequency, mean and standard deviation were used for descriptive analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to show the relationship between variables. RESULTS The study found that neighbourhood (r=-.125, p = .12) had a negative and significant relationship with peer attachment. However, there was no significant evidence of a relationship between sexual attitudes and neighbourhood (r=-.040, p = .422). There was, however, a significant relationship between sexual attitudes and academic performance (r = .236, p = .000). There was also a relationship between peer attachment and academic performance (r=-.401, p = < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study suggests that the academic performance of pregnant teenagers necessitates a combination of approaches, which includes changes in personal and prosocial behaviour, and environmental reforms. This can be achieved through, peer education, school day-care, subsidised or free contraceptives, free or subsidized education, and community programmes that positively influence young adults in the neighbourhood. These approaches can indirectly boost self-efficacy, motivation, and confidence to achieve higher academic feat, while reducing school dropout rate among the target groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolajoko Elizabeth Otegbayo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
- Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Noralina Omar
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Social Administration and Justice, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mahmoud Danaee
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Samira Mohajer
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasrin Aghamohamadi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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Chambers RA, Rosenstock S, Patel H, Zhang Y, Lee A, Melgar L, Slimp A, Lee S, Susan D, Larzelere F, Tingey L. Improving communication between American Indian youth and caregivers to prevent teenage pregnancy. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2022; 37:23-35. [PMID: 35260901 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
American Indian (AI) youth are at increased risk for poor reproductive health outcomes. Parental communication and monitoring are established predictors of sexual risk-taking among adolescents. No program evaluations of sexual risk avoidance programs have focused exclusively on AI youth and parents. This study assesses the impact of the Respecting the Circle of Life (RCL) Teenage Pregnancy Prevention program on parent-youth communication and parental monitoring through a randomized controlled trial with AI youth ages 11-19 and their trusted adults (parents/caregivers) (N = 518). RCL consists of 8-peer group and one parent-youth session. Trusted adult participants completed the Parental Monitoring Scale and the Parent Adolescent Communication Scale at baseline and 3 and 9 months post-intervention via self-report. Intervention impact was evaluated using linear regression models, which included an indicator for study group. At 3 months post, trusted adults in the intervention reported significantly higher levels of sexual health communication (P = 0.042) and spoke to their child more often about how to get condoms (P = 0.001), get birth control (P = 0.014) and protect themselves from human immunodeficiency virus (P = 0.005) compared with trusted adults in the control condition. Program impact varied by age and sex. This study adds to literature and extends findings on RCL impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Chambers
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Summer Rosenstock
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Hima Patel
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Angelita Lee
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Laura Melgar
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Anna Slimp
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Shauntal Lee
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Davette Susan
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Francene Larzelere
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Lauren Tingey
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Leyser-Whalen O, Jenkins V. The Continuum of Sexual and Reproductive Health Talk Types Daughters have with Mothers and Siblings. SEXUALITY RESEARCH & SOCIAL POLICY : JOURNAL OF NSRC : SR & SP 2022; 19:401-415. [PMID: 35401856 PMCID: PMC8993132 DOI: 10.1007/s13178-021-00553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is considered an important discussion topic for parents and their children, there is great variance in communication style and contradictory results on the effects of these contrasting styles. Research has explored SRH topics, yet still needs to investigate the types of parent-child SRH conversations to investigate how content gets relayed, and their effects, particularly among college-aged children. METHODS Data come from qualitative interviews in 2013 with 20 undergraduate Latina students about SRH conversations they had with their mothers and siblings. RESULTS Analysis revealed that mother-daughter SRH conversation types fell along a four-category continuum, irrespective of daughters' sexual practices, with open (n = 4) and no talk (n = 3) at the poles. The two middle categories, be careful (n = 6) and responsible sex (n = 7), were limited conversations that provided little guidance and tended to use risk language. Daughters in the no talk and be careful conversation categories tended to be more religious and have higher rates of sexual activity. Daughters' conversations with their siblings, particularly sisters, directly reflected the conversation types that they reported having with their moms. CONCLUSIONS Most daughters made assumptions about their mothers' statements and views due to the lack of straightforward communication and reported that most mothers did not alter their conversation styles to match their daughters' specific sexual histories. Moreover, these conversation styles could potentially affect the whole household due to siblings being other sources of sexual socialization and having talk types that reflected parental talk types, irrespective of siblings' sexual activity. POLICY IMPLICATIONS We recommend more attention and funding for SRH education programs that include extended family, especially siblings, given their importance in sexual socialization, and include college-aged children who still desire, and need, SRH information. Programs should equip parents and children with the tools to navigate multiple SRH conversations that evolve with and are sensitive to children's specific behaviors and circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophra Leyser-Whalen
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Virginia Jenkins
- Department of Sociology, The University of Utah, 390 S 1530 E #301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Lee GY, Lee DY. Structural relationships among adolescents' peer attachment, career-related self-efficacy, parents' attitudes and health risk behaviours. Nurs Open 2021; 8:3315-3324. [PMID: 34423567 PMCID: PMC8510758 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to determine whether the peer attachment of adolescents, mediated by career‐related self‐efficacy and having parents with positive attitudes, influences health risk behaviours. Design A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey. Methods This study adopted the secondary data analysis method, using the 2010 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). The 7th‐wave panel data of 1,932 first graders in high schools were analysed using structural equation modelling. Results The final model provided a good fit for the data. Having a close relationship with peers had a direct effect on adolescents’ health risk behaviours. High peer attachment also had an indirect effect on health risk behaviours, mediated by career‐related self‐efficacy and having parents with positive attitudes. Though adolescents with broad and intimate peer relationships may be exposed to more temptations towards health risk behaviours and tend to make riskier decisions, these influences are reduced by being exposed to positive parenting attitudes and having clear, conscious career goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Young Lee
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Ye Lee
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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Santa Maria D, Markham C, Misra SM, Coleman DC, Lyons M, Desormeaux C, Cron S, Guilamo-Ramos V. Effects of a randomized controlled trial of a brief, student-nurse led, parent-based sexual health intervention on parental protective factors and HPV vaccination uptake. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:585. [PMID: 33761920 PMCID: PMC7992324 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents play a pivotal role in adolescent sexual health and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Nurses are on the frontlines of healthcare and play a critical role in promoting HPV vaccination and parent-child sexual health communication. We enhanced the Families Talking Together (FTT) parent-based sexual health curriculum to include adolescent vaccinations herein, FTT + HPV, and trained student nurses to provide a strong HPV vaccination and parent-child sexual health communication endorsement. METHODS Using a randomized attention-controlled trial design, we examined the efficacy of FTT + HPV among 519 parents and their 11-14 year old youth recruited from medically underserved communities between 2015 and 2018. Participants were recruited from 22 after-school programs (e.g., Boys and Girls Clubs) and 19 charter schools. For parents, we examined protective factors including parent-child sexual health communication and parental involvement. For youth, we examined sexual health knowledge, parent-child sexual health communication, and parent-child connectedness. To assess HPV vaccination initiation and completion, we searched IMMTRAC immunization registry records for 85% of youth and used parental report for youth without registry records. Group differences were calculated using the estimated mean difference at one- and six months post-intervention with significance set at the p < 0.05 level. RESULTS Baseline rates of HPV vaccination were low at 55.7%. No significant difference between the groups was seen in vaccination initiation or completion rates by one-month post-intervention. However, by six-months post intervention, there was a significant difference between the groups with 70.3% of the intervention group initiating the HPV vaccination series vs. 60.6% for the control group (p = 0.02). No difference between the groups was found for HPV series completion at six-months. There were significant differences in condom knowledge (p = 0.04), parent-child connectedness (p = 0.04), and communication frequency (p = 0.001) with greater improvement in the intervention vs. the control group. Rates of sexual activity remained low in both groups throughout the six-month follow-up period. CONCLUSION A brief parent-based adolescent sexual health and HPV vaccination intervention delivered by student nurses can improve sexual health outcomes including protective parental factors, adolescent sexual health knowledge, and HPV vaccination initiation rates. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02600884 . Prospectively registered September 1, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Santa Maria
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Cizik School of Nursing, 6901 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - C Markham
- Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S M Misra
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, 8080 North Stadium Drive, Suite 250, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D C Coleman
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Cizik School of Nursing, 6901 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Lyons
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Cizik School of Nursing, 6901 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C Desormeaux
- Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Cron
- Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Guilamo-Ramos
- Center for Latino Adolescent and Family Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Self-Brown S, Culbreth R, Wilson R, Armistead L, Kasirye R, Swahn MH. Individual and Parental Risk Factors for Sexual Exploitation Among High-Risk Youth in Uganda. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP3263-NP3284. [PMID: 29685056 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518771685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined risk factors to determine associations with commercial sexual exploitation of children and youth (CSEC) in a convenience sample of adolescents living in the slums in Kampala, Uganda. Individual-level factors included demographic, adverse experiences (ever living on the streets; victim of dating violence, parental abuse, or rape), and behavioral risk (social media, alcohol use, age at first intercourse). Parental-risk factors included parent alcohol use and approval attitudes toward youth sex. Analyses included those who self-reported sexually active adolescents (n = 593) of whom 39% reported CSEC history. CSEC was significantly associated with being female (odds ratio [OR] = 6.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [4.22, 11.12]), living on the streets (OR = 2.68; 95% CI = [1.65, 4.36]), using social media (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = [0.94, 2.35]), being a victim of physical dating violence (OR = 1.74; 95% CI = [1.08, 2.80]), and ever being raped (OR = 4.03; 95% CI = [2.51, 6.47]). Further analyses suggested differential risk associates among females and males. This study contributes to our knowledge of risk factors for CSEC among adolescents living in high-risk circumstances in low-resource countries and suggests that preventive efforts should prioritize adolescents with a history of living on the streets who engage in social media, use alcohol, and have a history of trauma.
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Brown C, Eisenberg ME, McMorris BJ, Sieving RE. Parents Matter: Associations Between Parent Connectedness and Sexual Health Indicators Among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents. PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2020; 52:265-273. [PMID: 33410250 DOI: 10.1363/psrh.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Transgender and gender-diverse youth experience significant health disparities across numerous domains of health, including sexual health. Among general populations, parent connectedness has been strongly associated with youth sexual health. METHODS The relationships between parent connectedness and sexual health indicators were investigated among 2,168 transgender and gender-diverse youth who participated in the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey, a statewide population-based survey of ninth- and 11th-grade students. Multivariate logistic regression models, stratified by sex assigned at birth, tested associations between parent connectedness-youth's perceptions of parent caring and parent-youth communication-and eight sexual health indicators: ever having had sex, having multiple sexual partners in the past year, pregnancy involvement, substance use at last sex, partner communication about STI prevention, partner communication about pregnancy prevention, condom use at last sex and pregnancy prevention methods at last sex. RESULTS The level of parent connectedness was inversely associated with ever having had sex, regardless of sex assigned at birth (odds ratios, 0.6-0.8). Although level of connectedness was inversely associated with having multiple sexual partners in the past year and pregnancy involvement among transgender and gender-diverse youth assigned male at birth (0.6-0.7), these relationships were nonsignificant among transgender and gender-diverse youth assigned female at birth. Further differences in associations between parent connectedness and four sexual risk-reduction behaviors were found between youth assigned male at birth and those assigned female. CONCLUSIONS As with other populations, parent connectedness promotes sexual health among transgender and gender-diverse youth and may provide a point of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Brown
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Marla E Eisenberg
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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De Leon R, Allegrante JP. Strengthening Comprehensive Sexuality Education Anew: A Commentary. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2020; 90:825-829. [PMID: 32896899 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reynaldo De Leon
- Doctoral Student, Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - John P Allegrante
- Professor of Health Education, , Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Adjunct Professor, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Chawak S, Chittem M, S A, Varghese D, Epton T. Predictors of health behaviours among Indian college students: an exploratory study. HEALTH EDUCATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/he-11-2019-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand the association between health behaviours of diet, physical activity, smoking cigarettes, alcohol consumption, safe sex and sleep quality with demographic (e.g. age, gender) and psychological (i.e. stress, self-esteem and sense of coherence) factors in Indian residential college students.Design/methodology/approachStudents studying for Bachelor of Technology at residential colleges in India were invited to complete an online questionnaire regarding their health behaviours, demographics and psychological variables. Each health behaviour was regressed onto demographic and psychological factors to determine which of them were associated with performing each behaviour.FindingsThere was no clear pattern of predictors for the health behaviours overall. Self-esteem was related to healthy diet, being single was related to adequate sleep, higher parental income was related to safer sex and being older was related to more alcohol use and safer sex.Research limitations/implicationsThis study revealed that health education efforts may need to be designed for specific behaviours and correlates among Indian college students. Interventions regarding (1) healthy eating should target students with lower self-esteem, (2) sleep should target students in a relationship and (3) safer sex should target younger students and those from less affluent backgrounds.Originality/valueThis research is one of the first attempts to study the predictors of health behaviours among Indian college students. The study highlighted that psychological factors (e.g. self-esteem) and demographic factors (e.g. relationship status, parental income, age) affect different health behaviours. These findings can help health educators to design tailored interventions and aid in health education and promotion among Indian college students.
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Pirani E, Matera C. Who is at risk? Gendered psychological correlates in Italian students’ sexual risk profiles. GENUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41118-020-00080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRecent research has shown that sexual risk behaviours are rising substantially among Italian youth, but this evidence is still undervalued in public discussion. Adopting a multidimensional perspective for sexual risk and addressing gender differences, the present study investigates if and how some individuals’ psychological characteristics—namely body satisfaction, self-esteem and body sensation-seeking—are associated with unsafe and risky sexual behaviours of Italian emerging adults. We exploited the survey SELFY—Sexual and Emotional LiFe of Youths—conducted in 2017 in Italy. Several key points may be highlighted from our study. First, we identify two clusters characterized by high sexual risk-taking behaviours, which include one third of our sample, a non-negligible proportion. Second, we prove that women are generally less inclined to adopt risk-taking behaviours in sexual life. Third, our findings show that body satisfaction, self-esteem and sensation seeking are differently linked to sexual risk taking among women and men. Body satisfaction is associated with a higher probability of adopting risky and promiscuous sexual behaviours among men, while the relationship is not significant among women. Sensation seeking shows a certain relevance in defining sexual risk profiles, especially for men. Overall, our research suggests that body image and self-worth could be relevant areas of intervention for sexual health programs targeting emerging Italian adults. Notably, communication and education strategies on these issues should be differentiated for women and men.
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Tarkang E, Pencille L, Amu H, Komesour J, Lutala P. Risky sexual behaviours among young people in sub-Saharan Africa: how can parents use the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion for change? SAHARA J 2020; 16:77-80. [PMID: 31271105 PMCID: PMC6691924 DOI: 10.1080/17290376.2019.1636710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress made in the treatment of HIV and AIDS by making available the antiretroviral treatment in Africa, youth are still struggling with inadequate knowledge, a negative attitude towards AIDS and high-risk sexual behaviour. All of these are compounded by a lack of open communication between parents and youths which among others, which impedes on the control of the pandemic in this vulnerable group. Building on ‘Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion’ as one way of breaking all barriers in this communication, we suggest keys points in five different domains of this framework namely: building healthy public policies, creating a supportive environment, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting the health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Tarkang
- a Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences , University of Health and Allied Sciences , Ho , Ghana.,b HIV/AIDS prevention research network Cameroon (HIVPREC) , Kumba , Cameroon
| | - Lilian Pencille
- b HIV/AIDS prevention research network Cameroon (HIVPREC) , Kumba , Cameroon
| | - Hubert Amu
- a Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences , University of Health and Allied Sciences , Ho , Ghana
| | - Joyce Komesour
- a Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences , University of Health and Allied Sciences , Ho , Ghana
| | - Prosper Lutala
- c Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine , University of Malawi , Blantyre , Malawi
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Othman A, Shaheen A, Otoum M, Aldiqs M, Hamad I, Dabobe M, Langer A, Gausman J. Parent-child communication about sexual and reproductive health: perspectives of Jordanian and Syrian parents. Sex Reprod Health Matters 2020; 28:1758444. [PMID: 32425136 PMCID: PMC7888065 DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2020.1758444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Young people throughout the world face considerable challenges related to their sexual and reproductive health (SRH). The parent–child relationship is fundamental to shaping children’s trajectories through adolescence and suggests considerable potential to improve youth SRH knowledge. Lack of parent–child sexual communication (PCSC) may cause youth to turn instead to questionable information sources, such as peers, the internet and social media. The limited research in this area, and specifically in the Middle East, led us to explore how parents discuss SRH issues with their children and pinpointed the potential role for parents in supporting their children’s SRH needs. A qualitative research approach was used, with 20 focus groups stratified by nationality and sex of participants from four major communities in Jordan. Thematic coding and analysis was used. Parents described their willingness to “break the culture of shame.” Three primary strategies emerged: (1) the gender match, (2) mothers as a safe space and (3) seeking help from others, which included two sub-themes: incorporating others, and relying on the delivery of SRH information in schools. Strengths and challenges were inherent within each strategy, and discussion topics varied according to the strategy used. Evidence from this study provides an opportunity for future research and programming to improve adolescent health outcomes within conservative milieus to break the intergenerational cycle of shame. Interventions are suggested to target parents’ knowledge and self-confidence to help youth achieve their sexual development. Using gender-matched PCSC strategies, school-based platforms and religious institutions are ways to destigmatise such topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Othman
- Department Chair, Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abeer Shaheen
- Department Chair, Community Health Nursing Department, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maysoon Otoum
- Director, Center for Women's Studies, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Iqbal Hamad
- Director of Women's Empowerment and Gender Program, Jordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Development, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maysoon Dabobe
- Gender Policy Supervisor, Jordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Development, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ana Langer
- Director, Women and Health Initiative, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jewel Gausman
- Senior Research Associate, Women and Health Initiative, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Barbarin OA, Tolan PH, Gaylord-Harden N, Murry V. Promoting social justice for African-American boys and young men through research and intervention: A challenge for developmental science. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2019.1702880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Arnarsson Á, Potrebny T, Torsheim T, Eriksson C. Time-trends in Nordic adolescents’ communication with their parents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.18261/issn.2464-4161-2019-02-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Causey S, High B. An Exploration of the Ecological Context of Low-Income, Urban African-American Adolescent Sexual Risk. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2019; 7:52-61. [PMID: 31463813 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-019-00633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prior health disparities research has indicated that urban, low-income African-American families and adolescents experience ecological and environmental hardships that result in higher rates of engagement in risk behaviors. Contextual factors like community violence, socioeconomic status, and family processes, as well as limited sexual health knowledge, a psychological element, also contribute to high rates of sexual risk among urban African-American adolescents. However, protective factors like parental monitoring and parent-adolescent communication about sex may decrease sexual risk among this urban teen population. Therefore, the current study sought to explore the following research questions: (1) Is parent-adolescent communication about sex associated with adolescent sexual health knowledge?, (2) Is parent-adolescent communication about sex associated with parental monitoring?, (3) Are parental monitoring and parent-adolescent communication about sex predictors of adolescent sexual risk?, (4) Are there gender differences in parent-adolescent communication about sex and parental monitoring?, and (5) Are age and gender predictors of adolescent sexual risk? A sample of approximately 1102 African-American adolescents aged 13-17 from urban Midwestern high schools were included in this study. There was no significant association found between sexual health knowledge and parent communication about sex or parental monitoring. Female adolescents reported higher levels of communication about sex than males. Findings indicated a significant negative association between parental monitoring and adolescent sexual risk, with the association being stronger for males than females. There was a significant negative association found between sexual health knowledge and adolescent sexual risk. Additionally, findings indicated a significant negative association between parental monitoring and adolescent sexual risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakiera Causey
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA. .,Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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18
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Stewart JL, Widman L, Kamke K. Applying a Multifactorial Communication Framework to Better Understand Differences between Father-daughter and Mother-daughter Sexual Health Discussions. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 24:633-642. [PMID: 31407953 PMCID: PMC6861680 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2019.1651428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While the literature on parent-child sexual communication among adolescent girls is robust overall, research that is specifically focused on communication between fathers and daughters is more limited. Further, there have been calls for work on parent-child sexual communication to be situated within a multi-factorial conceptual framework that distinguishes between different communication components, such as the communication source, content, frequency, quality, and timing. Using such a framework, this study examined aspects of father-daughter sexual communication as they compare to mother-daughter communication in a diverse sample of 193 girls (Mage = 15.62). Results highlighted several gaps between father-daughter and mother-daughter communication. Girls reported covering less content and communicating less frequently about sexual topics with their fathers compared to their mothers. Girls also reported being less comfortable communicating and found their discussions to be less helpful with fathers than mothers. Girls were also less likely to report communicating with fathers about sexual topics before their sexual debut than with mothers. No significant differences were found in communication style (i.e., conversational or like a lecture) between fathers or mothers. Results highlight the importance of understanding the multifaceted process of parent-child communication and signal the need for targeted intervention efforts to improve upon father-daughter communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Stewart
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Laura Widman
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kristyn Kamke
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Tuitt NR, Rumbaugh Whitesell N, Asdigian NL, Kaufman CE. Frequent residential mobility among American Indians and early indications of sexual risk among young adolescents. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218445. [PMID: 31206559 PMCID: PMC6576762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth are more likely to ever have had sex, and to have engaged in sexual activity prior to age 13 compared to all other race groups. It is essential to understand the development of skills to refuse sexual experience in early adolescence in order to reduce disparities associated with early sexual debut among AI/AN youth. Familial, social, and individual factors can act as protective influences on adolescent sexual experience; however, in other settings, research has shown that frequent residential mobility disrupts these protective influences and may increase the likelihood of adolescent sexual activity. AI/AN youth are highly mobile, and, as a result, may be especially vulnerable to increased sexual risk. To date, no prior study has considered the impact of residential mobility on AI/AN youth sexual experience, nor the influence on precursors that reduce initiation of sex. We used data from a longitudinal study of AI/AN youth attending all middle schools from a Northern Plains reservation from 2006-2009 to estimate a structural equation model based on a cultural and age adapted theoretical framework. The tested model included frequent residential mobility as the independent variable and sex refusal self-efficacy as the dependent variable. Mediating variables included factors related to individual risks, psychological well-being, and social supports. Results indicate a direct association between residential mobility and sex refusal self-efficacy (-.29, p = 0.05) and an indirect association mediated by deviant peers (-.08, p = .05). Other mediating variables did not provide insight on the mechanism by which residential mobility influences skills to refuse sexual intercourse among AI/AN youth in early adolescence. Findings provide evidence for an association between residential mobility and precursors to sexual experience suggesting augmenting sexual health interventions for highly mobile youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. Tuitt
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Prevention Research Center—Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Nancy Rumbaugh Whitesell
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nancy L. Asdigian
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Carol E. Kaufman
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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Yimer B, Ashebir W. Parenting perspective on the psychosocial correlates of adolescent sexual and reproductive health behavior among high school adolescents in Ethiopia. Reprod Health 2019; 16:66. [PMID: 31113436 PMCID: PMC6528244 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-019-0734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While parents are a crucial part of the social environment in which adolescents live, learn and earn, they could play important roles in efforts to prevent adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) risk behaviors and promote healthy development. Involving parents in prevention programs to risky SRH practices in adolescents requires understanding of the effect of different parenting practices and styles on these behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between various aspects of perceived parenting and self-reported engagement in sexual risk behavior among adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was employed among 406 randomly selected 14-19 years old high school adolescents in Legehida district, Northeast Ethiopia from 15 February to 15 March/ 2016. Structured and pre-tested self-administered questionnaire adapted from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance questionnaire was used for the data collection. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis with odds ratio along with the confidence interval of 95% were used. P-value < 0.05 were considered for statistical significance. RESULTS About two-third (64.5%) of the participants reported that they had ever had sex. Nearly half (48.6%) of the participants who were currently sexually active reported that they engaged in at least one type of risky sexual behavior. Specifically, 42.7% reported starting sexual life earlier, 32.2% having more sexual partners in the past 12 months and 23.8% never used condom during the most recent sexual intercourse. High quality parent─adolescent relationships (AOR = 0.53; 95% CI (0.45-0.63) and authoritative form of parenting (AOR = 0.74; 95% CI (0.61-0.92) were associated with lower odds of engaging in risky sexual behaviors in adolescents. The odds of risky sexual behaviors were about three-fold higher in adolescents who perceived parental knowledge as poor (AOR = 2.97; 95% CI (1.51-4.25) and to some extent (AOR = 3.00; 95% CI (1.43-5.55) toward SRH than those whose parents were very knowledgeable. Adolescents with poor behavioral beliefs on SRH issues had a 37% increased odds of engaging in risky sexual behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, to engage the parents within preventive interventions design to support healthy SRH behaviors among adolescents, the role of authoritative parenting style, and improved quality of parent-adolescent relationship, as well as improving adolescents' behavioral beliefs and parental knowledge towards SRH are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belete Yimer
- College of Medicine and Health science, Department of Public Health, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
| | - Wassachew Ashebir
- College of Medicine and Health science, Department of Public Health, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Goodman ES, Ford CA, Friedrich EA, Ginsburg KR, Miller VA, Mirman JH. Frequency of communication about adolescents’ strengths and weaknesses and the parent–adolescent relationship. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2019.1594813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma S. Goodman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Carol A. Ford
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Elizabeth A. Friedrich
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Kenneth R. Ginsburg
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Victoria A. Miller
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
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França MTA, Frio GS. Factors associated with family, school and behavioral characteristics on sexual initiation: A gender analysis for Brazilian adolescents. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208542. [PMID: 30532164 PMCID: PMC6287818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood. The article aims to study the individual, family and school characteristics of adolescents beginning their sexual lives. The database we used was the 2015 PeNSE (National Adolescent School-based Health Survey) and the methodology was the survival analysis. The results show that boys initiate sexual activity before girls and risky behaviors associated with the use of licit and illicit drugs increase the chance of having early sex. In addition, this work highlights the importance of parental practices in reducing the chances of beginning sexual activity, as well as the presence of school workshops on the risks of pregnancy. It should be noted that intervention strategies need to be differentiated according to gender in order to increase effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Túlio Aniceto França
- Departament of Economics, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Saraiva Frio
- Departament of Economics, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Cheng CM, Huang JH. Moderating Effects of Sexual Orientation and Gender Characteristic on Condom Use Intentions Among Boys' Senior High School Students in Taiwan: An Exploration Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2018; 55:902-914. [PMID: 29077518 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1372354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined condom use intentions among adolescent boys in relation to the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB): attitude toward the behavior (ATB), subjective norm (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC). The potential moderating effects of sexual orientation and gender characteristic (masculine/feminine) were also explored. Anonymous survey data were collected from 929 students enrolled in a boys' senior high school in Taiwan (response rate: 89.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses found higher condom use intentions linked to more positive ATB (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 8.09) and supportive SN (AOR = 2.73), as well as high PBC under facilitating conditions (AOR = 2.04). Notably, nonheterosexual boys perceiving supportive SN (AOR = 0.23) or high support for condom use from teachers and health educators (AOR = 0.10 and 0.26, respectively) had lower condom use intentions than their heterosexual peers. By contrast, relatively feminine boys perceiving supportive SN (AOR = 2.06) or high support from close friends (AOR = 2.18) had higher condom use intentions than their masculine counterparts. In conclusion, ATB and SN were strongly linked to condom use intentions; PBC was significant only under facilitating conditions. Sexual orientation and gender characteristic had important moderating effects. These empirical findings could inform tailored health education programs to increase condom use intentions in the male student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Mu Cheng
- a Master of Public Health Degree Program, College of Public Health , National Taiwan University
| | - Jiun-Hau Huang
- a Master of Public Health Degree Program, College of Public Health , National Taiwan University
- b Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health , National Taiwan University
- c Department of Public Health, College of Public Health , National Taiwan University
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Tomić I, Burić J, Štulhofer A. Associations Between Croatian Adolescents' Use of Sexually Explicit Material and Sexual Behavior: Does Parental Monitoring Play a Role? ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:1881-1893. [PMID: 29071546 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-017-1097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of sexually explicit material (SEM) has become a part of adolescent sexual socialization, at least in the Western world. Adolescent and young people's SEM use has been associated with risky sexual behaviors, which has recently resulted in policy debates about restricting access to SEM. Such development seems to suggest a crisis of the preventive role of parental oversight. Based on the Differential Susceptibility to Media Effects Model, this study assessed the role of parental monitoring in the context of adolescent vulnerability to SEM-associated risky or potentially adverse outcomes (sexual activity, sexual aggressiveness, and sexting). Using an online sample of Croatian 16-year-olds (N = 1265) and structural equation modeling approach, parental monitoring was found consistently and negatively related to the problematic behavioral outcomes, regardless of participants' gender. While SEM use was related to sexual experience and sexting, higher levels of parental monitoring were associated with less frequent SEM use and lower acceptance of sexual permissiveness. Despite parents' fears about losing the ability to monitor their adolescent children's lives in the Internet era, there is evidence that parental engagement remains an important protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tomić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, I. Lučića 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jakov Burić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Štulhofer
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Neville FG, McEachran J, Aleman-Diaz A, Whitehead R, Cosma A, Currie D, Currie C. Trends in the sexual behaviour of 15-year olds in Scotland: 2002-14. Eur J Public Health 2018; 27:835-839. [PMID: 28407063 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early sexual initiation and inadequate contraceptive use can place adolescents at increased risk of unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. These behaviours are patterned by gender and may be linked to social inequalities. This paper examines trends in sexual initiation and contraceptive use by gender and family affluence for Scottish adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional data from four nationally representative survey cycles (2002, 2004, 2010, 2014) (n = 8895) (mean age = 15.57) were analysed. Logistic regressions examined the impact of survey year on sexual initiation, condom use and birth control pill (BCP) use at last sex; as well as any changes over time in association between family affluence and the three sexual behaviours. Analyses were stratified by gender. Results Between 2002 and 2014, adolescent males and females became less likely to report having had sex. Low family affluence females were more likely to have had sex than high family affluence females, and this relationship did not change over time. Condom use at last sex was reported less by males since 2002, and by females since 2006. Low family affluence males and females were less likely to use condoms than high family affluence participants, and these relationships did not change over time. There were no effects of time or family affluence for BCP use. Conclusion There has been a reduction in the proportion of 15-year olds in Scotland who have ever had sex, but also a decrease in condom use for this group. Economic inequalities persist for sexual initiation and condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus G Neville
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Juliet McEachran
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Aixa Aleman-Diaz
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- WHO Collaborative Centre for International Child and Adolescent Health Policy, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Ross Whitehead
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Alina Cosma
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Dorothy Currie
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Candace Currie
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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Makushkin EV, Chibisova IA. [Children and adolescents in situations of social distress]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 117:3-12. [PMID: 29359714 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20171171123-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The review article addresses transnational problems of socially stressful events and their contribution to the mental state of children and adolescents. The authors suggest the concept of distorted socialization in minors, who had experienced adverse events, with the formation of the concept of socially maladaptive distress reactions (SMDR). This typology has not just the age-related dynamics but also the gender specificity. Research methodology and systemic approach to SMDR from the perspective of understanding by specialists of various professions are significant for psychologists, neurologists and children's and adolescents' psychiatrists, including the forensic-psychiatric experts. The combined approach is important for the diagnostic qualification of conditions, development of correctional psychotherapeutic programs and expert approaches with reliance on gender signs, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of personal response in identifying SMDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Makushkin
- Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Chibisova
- Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
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27
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Tratner AE, Sela Y, Lopes GS, Ehrke AD, Weekes-Shackelford VA, Shackelford TK. Individual differences in childhood religious experiences with peers. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sriyasak A, Almqvist AL, Sridawruang C, Häggström-Nordin E. Parents' experiences of their teenage children's parenthood: An interview study. Nurs Health Sci 2017; 20:39-45. [PMID: 29094449 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we described and analyzed parents' experiences of teenage parenthood and the provision of support to their teenage children who had recently have become parents. A qualitative method was used. In-depth interviews with 24 participants were conducted, all parents of teenage parents. Data were analyzed using content analysis; four themes and 11 subthemes were identified. The results show that parents' norms and values were strongly influenced by their religious beliefs. The participants had mixed emotions and reactions to their teenage children's parenthood. Also participants were sources of support to the teenage parents and assisted them in their transition to parenthood. However, the participants also expressed the importance that their teenage children continue their education and avoid repeated pregnancies. This study highlights how emotional, instrumental, and informational support provided by parents to their teenagers can assist the latter in their transition to parenthood. In their work with teenage parents, healthcare providers can benefit from teenage parent's own parents involvement and experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atcharawadee Sriyasak
- Department of Pediatric, Adolescent, Adult and Aging, Prachomklao College of Nursing, Phetchaburi Province, Thailand
| | - Anna-Lena Almqvist
- Department of Social Work, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Chaweewan Sridawruang
- Department of Midwifery, Boromarajonani College of Nursing Udon Thani, Udon Thani, Thailand
| | - Elisabet Häggström-Nordin
- Department of Caring Sciences, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
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Layzer C, Rosapep L, Barr S. Student Voices: Perspectives on Peer-to-Peer Sexual Health Education. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:513-523. [PMID: 28580671 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This process study is a companion to a randomized evaluation of a school-based, peer-led comprehensive sexual health education program, Teen Prevention Education Program (Teen PEP), in which 11th- and 12th-grade students are trained by school health educators to conduct informative workshops with ninth-grade peers in schools in North Carolina. The process study was designed to understand youth participants' perspectives on the program in order to gain insight into program effectiveness. METHODS This is a mixed-methods study in 7 schools, with online surveys (N = 88) and 8 focus groups with peer educators (N = 116), end-of-program surveys (N = 1122), 8 focus groups with ninth-grade workshop participants (N = 89), and observations of the Teen PEP class and workshops during the semester of implementation in each school, 2012-2014. RESULTS Both peer educators and ninth graders perceived benefits of participating in Teen PEP across a range of domains, including intentions, skills, and knowledge and that the peer education modality was important in their valuation of the experience. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the peer-led comprehensive sexual health education approach embodied in Teen PEP can be an important educational mechanism for teaching students information and skills to promote sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Layzer
- Social and Economic Policy Division, Abt Associates Inc., 55 Wheeler Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Lauren Rosapep
- International Health Division, Abt Associates Inc, 4550 Montgomery Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Sherry Barr
- Center for Supportive Schools, 822 South White Street, Suite 100, Wake Forest, NC 27587
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Landry M, Turner M, Vyas A, Wood S. Social Media and Sexual Behavior Among Adolescents: Is there a link? JMIR Public Health Surveill 2017; 3:e28. [PMID: 28526670 PMCID: PMC5457530 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.7149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent sexual risk taking and its consequences remain a global public health concern. Empirical evidence on the impact that social media has on sexual health behaviors among youth is sparse. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to examine the relationship between social media and the change in sexual risk over time and whether parental monitoring moderates this relationship. METHODS This study comprised a sample of 555 Latino youth aged 13-19 years from Maryland, United States completing baseline and follow-up surveys. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to examine the relationship between social media and the change in sexual risk over time and whether parental monitoring moderated the relationship. RESULTS Sexual risk behaviors significantly increased between baseline (T1) and follow up (T2) (mean=0.432 vs mean=0.734, P<.001). Youth sending more than 100 text messages per day had significantly higher sexual risk scores (beta=1.008, P<.001) but significantly larger declines in sexual risk scores for higher levels of parental monitoring (beta=-.237, P=.009). CONCLUSIONS Although adolescents exchange SMS at high rates, parental monitoring remains vital to parent-child relationships and can moderate SMS frequency and sexual risk behaviors, despite parental influence diminishing and peer pressure and social influences increasing during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Landry
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthDepartment of Prevention and Community HealthThe George Washington UniversityWashington, DCUnited States
| | - Monique Turner
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthDepartment of Prevention and Community HealthThe George Washington UniversityWashington, DCUnited States
| | - Amita Vyas
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthDepartment of Prevention and Community HealthThe George Washington UniversityWashington, DCUnited States
| | - Susan Wood
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthDepartment of Health PolicyThe George Washington UniversityWashington, DCUnited States
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Jones J, Salazar LF, Crosby R. Contextual Factors and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Young, Black Men. Am J Mens Health 2017; 11:508-517. [PMID: 26614447 PMCID: PMC5675245 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315617525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Young Black men (YBM), aged 13 to 24 years, face a disproportionate burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). STI acquisition among YBM is due to incorrect and inconsistent condom use and is exacerbated by multiple sexual partners. Sexual and reproductive health is influenced by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social determinants that contribute to increased risk for STI acquisition. However, there are key social determinants of sexual health that play a major role in adolescent sexual risk-taking behaviors: gender norms, environment, peers, and families as well as a desire to impregnate a woman. Associations between contextual factors (risky environmental context, desire to impregnate a woman, and peer norms supportive of unsafe sex) and sexual risk behaviors were examined among a sample of YBM attending adolescent health clinics. This study used baseline data from a randomized controlled trial ( N = 702). Parental monitoring was also examined as an effect modifier of those associations. Sexual risk behaviors were the frequency of condomless vaginal sex, number of sexual partners within the previous 2 months, and lifetime number of sexual partners. Mean age was 19.7. In the adjusted model, peer norms was the only significant predictor for all sexual risk outcomes ( p < .05). Parental monitoring was an effect modifier for the perceived peer norms and lifetime sexual partners association ( p = .053) where the effect of peer norms on lifetime sexual partners was lower for participants with higher levels of perceived parental monitoring.
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Dunlap SL, Taboada A, Merino Y, Heitfeld S, Gordon RJ, Gere D, Lightfoot AF. Sexual Health Transformation Among College Student Educators in an Arts-Based HIV Prevention Intervention: A Qualitative Cross-Site Analysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SEXUALITY EDUCATION 2017; 12:215-236. [PMID: 32973413 PMCID: PMC7510141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined the sexual health change process experienced by 26 college student sexual health educators from three geographic regions of the United States who participated in a multisite arts-based sexual health prevention program. We conducted eight focus groups and used a phenomenological approach to analyze data. We drew from social cognitive theory (SCT) to examine how sexual health knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and communication shifted across the duration of participation. Findings suggest that the college student sexual health educators (a) developed enhanced sexual health awareness and critical consciousness, (b) questioned their own sexual health education and challenged previous beliefs, and (c) demonstrated self-efficacy related to intended behavior change and their perceived role as social justice advocates. We present both similarities and differences regarding the sexual health change process among the college student sexual health educators across the three sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Dunlap
- Department of Social Welfare, Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arianna Taboada
- Art & Global Health Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yesenia Merino
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Heitfeld
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, GA, USA
| | - Robert J Gordon
- Art & Global Health Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Gere
- Art & Global Health Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra F Lightfoot
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Vilanculos E, Nduna M. “The child can remember your voice”: parent–child communication about sexuality in the South African context. AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2017; 16:81-89. [DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2017.1302486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Patterns and Correlates of Serostatus Disclosure to Sexual Partners by Perinatally-Infected Adolescents and Young Adults. AIDS Behav 2017; 21:129-140. [PMID: 26874846 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Similar to same-age peers, perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV+) youth in the US are engaging in sex, including condomless sex. Understanding decisions about serostatus disclosure to sexual partners is important to domestic and global HIV prevention efforts, since large numbers of PHIV+ children are entering adolescence and becoming sexually active. Using Social Action Theory (SAT) to inform variable selection, we examined correlates of disclosure among 98 PHIV+ adolescents/young adults in New York City. Over half of these youth reported not disclosing to any casual partners (59 %) or to any partners when using condoms (55 %). In bivariate analyses, increased disclosure was associated with older age; being female; earlier age of learning one's serostatus; and increased STD knowledge, disclosure intentions, and parent-child communication. Multiple regression analyses revealed a strong fit with the SAT model. As with adults, disclosure to sexual partners is difficult for PHIV+ youth and challenges prevention efforts. Effective interventions that help youth with disclosure decisions are needed to curb the epidemic.
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Wathuta J. Parents as partners in adolescent HIV prevention in Eastern and Southern Africa: an evaluation of the current United Nations' approach. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2016; 30:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2016-0044/ijamh-2016-0044.xml. [PMID: 27831919 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2016-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The United Nations's (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs) include the target (3.3) of ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic by 2030. A major challenge in this regard is to curb the incidence of HIV among adolescents, the number two cause of their death in Africa. In Eastern and Southern Africa, they are mainly infected through heterosexual transmission. Research findings about parental influence on the sexual behavior of their adolescent children are reviewed and findings indicate that parental communication, monitoring and connectedness contribute to the avoidance of risky sexual behavior in adolescents. This article evaluates the extent to which these three dimensions of parenting have been factored in to current HIV prevention recommendations relating to adolescent boys and girls. Four pertinent UN reports are analyzed and the results used to demonstrate that the positive role of parents or primary caregivers vis-à-vis risky sexual behavior has tendentially been back-grounded or even potentially undermined. A more explicit inclusion of parents in adolescent HIV prevention policy and practice is essential - obstacles notwithstanding - enabling their indispensable partnership towards ending an epidemic mostly driven by sexual risk behavior. Evidence from successful or promising projects is included to illustrate the practical feasibility and fruitfulness of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Wathuta
- Postdoctoral Research Fellow, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Sriyasak A, Almqvist AL, Sridawruang C, Neamsakul W, Häggström-Nordin E. Struggling with motherhood and coping with fatherhood – A grounded theory study among Thai teenagers. Midwifery 2016; 42:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Paat YF, Markham CM. Young women's sexual involvement in emerging adulthood. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2016; 55:559-79. [PMID: 27458744 PMCID: PMC5706775 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2016.1199454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using data from the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life Study, this study examined the association of peer, family, attitudinal, aspirational, and attainment factors relevant to 820 young women's (aged 18-19) number of sexual partners. Overall, this study found that perceived peer norms and early onset of sexual initiation had a positive and statistically significant association with the respondents' number of lifetime sexual partners. While high school performance and college aspirations were inversely associated with the number of lifetime partners, their current level of educational attainment was not. Finally, racial disparities in the accrual of partners were contingent upon the respondents' attitude to premarital abstinence and educationally related factors. Understanding risk and protective factors may help public health policy planners and health care professionals formulate a more effective ecologically based approach to mitigate sexual health risks and social repercussion related to dating for young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yok-Fong Paat
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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Zhao J, Lau M, Vermette D, Liang D, Flores G. Communication Between Asian American Adolescents and Health Care Providers About Sexual Activity, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Pregnancy Prevention. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558416630808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Asian American adolescents have been reported to have the lowest amount of communication with health care providers regarding sexual health topics (sexual activity, contraception, sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy prevention). This study identified Asian American adolescents’ attitudes/beliefs regarding how health care providers can be most helpful in communicating about sexual health topics. Twenty participants revealed the following information: (a) confidentiality concerns resulted in lying to health care providers about sexual histories or refusing hormonal contraception, (b) a general lack of knowledge regarding sexual health topics, and (c) a hesitancy to discuss sexual histories with Asian American health care providers. Asian American adolescents expressed a need for privacy from parents regarding their sexual behaviors, and want health care providers to initiate conversations and provide information about sexual health topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Zhao
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
- New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - May Lau
- UT Southwestern Medical Center and Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - David Liang
- Texas Children’s Pediatrics, Houston, TX, USA
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Driscoll AK, Biggs MA, Brindis CD, Yankah E. Adolescent Latino Reproductive Health: A Review of the Literature. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0739986301233001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Latino adolescent reproductive health has become an increasingly important topic because of the growth in the numbers of Latino youth and because Latino youth are at high risk for negative reproductive health outcomes. Latinas now have the highest teen birth rates, and Latinos have disproportionately high rates of HIV/AIDS. These trends highlight the need for greater understanding of the sexual and reproductive health and behavior of Latino youth. This overview provides an introduction to key aspects of the Latino population. It then examines and synthesizes the existing literature by domains useful to the study of Latinos. Areas that receive in-depth coverage are socioeconomic status, family, national origin, peers and partners, and acculturation. Based on the current state of knowledge and the issues facing young Latinos, suggestions for future research and uses for existing data and past research are included.
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Ghobadzadeh M, Sieving RE, Gloppen K. Positive Youth Development and Contraceptive Use Consistency. J Pediatr Health Care 2016; 30:308-16. [PMID: 26481270 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding protective factors associated with adolescent contraceptive use can guide strategies to prevent unprotected sex and its consequences. The current study investigated associations between a set of protective factors, specifically indicators of positive youth development, and consistency of contraceptive use. METHOD This cross-sectional study examined relationships between positive youth development indicators and consistency of contraceptive use among sexually active adolescent girls at elevated risk for pregnancy. Multivariate models assessed whether measures of individual attributes, social attachments, and social norms were associated with consistent condom and hormonal contraceptive use. RESULTS Adolescents with higher self-esteem and greater family connectedness reported more consistent hormonal contraceptive use. Two factors, stress management skills and perceived peer prosocial norms, were protective for consistent condom use. In contrast, steady partnership status was associated with less consistent condom use. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that interventions targeting protective factors may influence adolescents' contraceptive use, in addition to promoting their healthy development.
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Sutherland ME. An intersectional approach for understanding the vulnerabilities of English-speaking heterosexual Caribbean youth to HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections: Prevention and intervention strategies. Health Psychol Open 2016; 3:2055102916679349. [PMID: 28070411 PMCID: PMC5193298 DOI: 10.1177/2055102916679349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Caribbean youth comprise about 30 percent of the English-speaking Caribbean population, and about 81,000 Caribbean and Latin American youth are HIV infected. AIDS is the leading cause of death for 15- to 24-year-old English-speaking Caribbean youth. This article relies on intersectionality theory in the assessment of the macro-level, or structural variables, and micro-level, or individual level, variables that influence the risk-taking sexual behaviors of heterosexual English-speaking Caribbean youth and increase their vulnerability to HIV/sexually transmitted infections. This article offers macro- and micro-level prevention/intervention strategies for reducing the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in English-speaking Caribbean youth, including the promotion of condom use, voluntary male circumcision, and HIV testing and counseling. Suggestions are offered for future research investigations to explore the contributing factors to youth's vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections and to empirically verify the relationship between and among variables that account for desired outcomes, including decreases in risky sexual behaviors.
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Deutsch AR, Crockett LJ. Gender, Generational Status, and Parent-Adolescent Sexual Communication: Implications for Latino/a Adolescent Sexual Behavior. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2016; 26:300-315. [PMID: 27231421 PMCID: PMC4876872 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There is little research on how specific parent-adolescent sexual communication topics influence Latino/a youth's sexual behaviors, and how gender and generational status may moderate effects. This study examined effects of three different messages on intercourse and condom use among 1944 Latino/as from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (T1 mean age=15.46; sd=1.50). Results indicated discussing health consequences predicted higher odds of intercourse one year later across gender and generation groups. Birth control recommendation effects on subsequent intercourse and condom use differed by generational status and gender. Results indicated that message content is important for understanding effects of parent-adolescent sex communication on adolescents' behavior, and underscored the need to consider gender and generational status in Latino/a parent-adolescent sexual communication studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle R Deutsch
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Psychological Sciences
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Cross-border ties and the reproductive health of India's internal migrant women. SSM Popul Health 2016; 2:341-349. [PMID: 29349152 PMCID: PMC5757778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature on how social ties influence sexual and reproductive health is well established; however, one significant limitation of this research is the influence of social ties to hometowns among migrant women. Drawing from cross-border social ties literature, the objective of this study is to assess how cross-border social ties influence use of family planning and institutional deliveries among internal migrant women in India. Cross-sectional data come from 711 migrant women living in slums in Uttar Pradesh, India. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess odds of modern use of family planning and odds of institutional deliveries with cross-border tie indicators. Results suggest that higher cross-border ties were associated with 2.35 times higher odds of family planning use (p<0.1) and 2.73 times higher odds of institutional delivery (p<0.05). This study suggests that social ties to hometowns may serve as a protective factor, possibly through increased social support, to migrants in regards to reproductive decision-making and use of reproductive health services. Future studies should explore potential mechanisms for these findings. Cross-border ties are common among internal migrant women in Lucknow, India. Cross-border ties is associated with increased family planning use and institutional delivery. Remitting money is associated with increased family planning use.
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Langley C. Father Knows Best: Paternal Presence and Sexual Debut in African-American Adolescents Living in Poverty. FAMILY PROCESS 2016; 55:155-170. [PMID: 25582779 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents found within single-parent families without a residential father have reported higher levels of sexual debut and higher levels of reported pregnancy. Using data from the Mobile Youth Survey, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the presence of a father figure on the sexual debut of African-American adolescents living in poverty and to determine if gender moderates the relationship between the presence of a father figure and sexual debut. Additionally, this study will examine the family processes in which the presence of a father figure can affect the sexual debut of African-American adolescents who live within economically and socially disadvantaged communities. The results revealed that African-American adolescents reporting a father figure had lower rates of sexual debut than those youth reporting no father figure. Gender was not found to be a significant moderator in the relationship between father figure presence and sexual debut. However, existing curfews and family rules did account for some of the effects of presence of a father figure and sexual debut. The results suggest that when adolescents have a father figure in their lives, it may reduce the possibility of early sexual debut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheri Langley
- Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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Moore E, Berkley-Patton J, Bohn A, Hawes S, Bowe-Thompson C. Beliefs About Sex and Parent-Child-Church Sex Communication Among Church-Based African American Youth. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2015; 54:1810-25. [PMID: 25260385 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-014-9950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Parent-child sex communication has been shown to be protective against sexual risk among African American youth. The current study sought to use the theory of planned behavior as a framework for focus group discussions (N = 54 youth participants aged 12-19 years) to explore church youths' (a) sex beliefs and values (attitudes), (b) sources and evaluation of sex communication and education (subjective norms), (c) facilitator/barriers to adolescent sexual risk reduction and communication behaviors (perceived behavioral control), and (d) intentions to engage in these behaviors. Additionally, participants identified strategies for consideration in developing tailored parent-child-church sex communication education programs for use in African American churches. Themes suggested both positive and negative attitudes toward premarital sex and parents and churches as key sources of sex education and communication. Strategies to enhance parent-child-church sex communication are discussed in the context of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Moore
- Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N. Woodland Blvd. Unit 8281, Deland, FL, 32723, USA,
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Correlates of Cumulative Sexual Risk Behaviors among African American Youth Living in Public Housing. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2015; 3:394-402. [PMID: 27294733 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-015-0143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
African American youth and especially those who reside in public housing report high rates of sexually transmitted disease (STI) risk behaviors; however, too few studies have examined the correlates of cumulative sexual risk behaviors among this population. This study recruited 298 youth ages 11 to 21 and examined to what degree factors such as age, gender, self-efficacy, substance use, negative peer norms, and delinquency were correlated with cumulative sexual risk behaviors. Major findings indicated that gender, substance use, self-efficacy, and involvement with delinquent peer networks were independent correlates of cumulative sexual risk behaviors, with gender and self-efficacy being the strongest of these factors. Collectively, these findings suggest that gendered approaches to sexual risk reduction among this population are warranted with special content and attention focused on substance abuse risk reduction, improving self-efficacy and managing negative peer influences.
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Parent-Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Communication Is Very Limited and Associated with Adolescent Poor Behavioral Beliefs and Subjective Norms: Evidence from a Community Based Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern Ethiopia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129941. [PMID: 26167860 PMCID: PMC4500400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction While parent-adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) communication is one potential source of SRH information for adolescents, it appears to be inadequately practiced in Ethiopia. This study was designed to investigate the factors that limit or improve parent-adolescent SRH communication in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was done on 4,559 adolescents of age 13–18. SRH communication was measured using a nine-item scale whose response ranged from “not at all” to “always.” Summated composite score ranging from 0–36 was generated; higher score indicates high SRH communication. A median value of the composite score was 4 out of the possible 36 with an Interquartile Range (IQR) of 7. Respondents were ranked as very poor, poor and satisfactory communicators based on 33rd and 67th percentiles values. Generalized ordered logit model was applied to investigate the factors associated with SRH communication. Results Results showed that the adolescents who were more likely to practice poor-very poor/very poor SRH communication were those who had poor behavioral beliefs on and poor subjective norms of communicating sexual issues with parents and those who perceived their parents’ reproductive health (RH) knowledge as poor. Nonetheless, the probability of poor-very poor/very poor SRH communication was less with high adolescent-parent communication quality, television co-viewing and discussions, and self-disclosure. Conclusions Curtailing the adolescents’ underlying poor beliefs and norms, and improving adolescent-parent communication quality, self-disclosure, and television co-viewing and discussions are essential to engage the parents in sexual and reproductive health education of the adolescents.
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Beyers W, Veryser E, Verlee E. Parent and peer predictors of adolescents' sexual development: Can parents buffer peer influence? EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2015.1056775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Doornwaard SM, ter Bogt TFM, Reitz E, van den Eijnden RJJM. Sex-Related Online Behaviors, Perceived Peer Norms and Adolescents' Experience with Sexual Behavior: Testing an Integrative Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127787. [PMID: 26086606 PMCID: PMC4472963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the role of sex-related Internet use in adolescents' sexual development has often isolated the Internet and online behaviors from other, offline influencing factors in adolescents' lives, such as processes in the peer domain. The aim of this study was to test an integrative model explaining how receptive (i.e., use of sexually explicit Internet material [SEIM]) and interactive (i.e., use of social networking sites [SNS]) sex-related online behaviors interrelate with perceived peer norms in predicting adolescents' experience with sexual behavior. Structural equation modeling on longitudinal data from 1,132 Dutch adolescents (M(age) T1 = 13.95; range 11-17; 52.7% boys) demonstrated concurrent, direct, and indirect effects between sex-related online behaviors, perceived peer norms, and experience with sexual behavior. SEIM use (among boys) and SNS use (among boys and girls) predicted increases in adolescents' perceptions of peer approval of sexual behavior and/or in their estimates of the numbers of sexually active peers. These perceptions, in turn, predicted increases in adolescents' level of experience with sexual behavior at the end of the study. Boys' SNS use also directly predicted increased levels of experience with sexual behavior. These findings highlight the need for multisystemic research and intervention development to promote adolescents' sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M. Doornwaard
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Tom F. M. ter Bogt
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Reitz
- Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Reitz E, van de Bongardt D, Baams L, Doornwaard S, Dalenberg W, Dubas J, van Aken M, Overbeek G, ter Bogt T, van der Eijnden R, Vanwesenbeeck I, Kunnen S, Timmerman G, van Geert P, Deković M. Project STARS (Studies on Trajectories of Adolescent Relationships and Sexuality): A longitudinal, multi-domain study on sexual development of Dutch adolescents. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2015.1018173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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