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Gluscevic S, Vujsic S, Ristic A, Pekmezovic T. Nationwide epidemiological study of epilepsy in Montenegro. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 160:110065. [PMID: 39393144 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in Montenegro over the period 2011-2022 using hospital case records. The main sources for this study were hospital case records in every outpatient and inpatient neurological department in Montenegro, including the Clinical Center of Montenegro in the capital, a primary referral national center for epilepsy. For every patient, aged 18 and above, two neurologists reviewed all data collected to verify the validity of the diagnosis and to establish the date of clinical onset of the disease. Information on age and sex, EEG, CT scan, and MRI were included. Prevalent cases were selected in 2022 population. Incident cases of epilepsy were identified in 2011 and the incidence trend was followed up for the next 12 years. Crude and standardized incidence and prevalence were calculated. Average crude incidence rate of epilepsy for study period was 56.0 per 100,000 individuals (men 58.1; women 54.2). The age-specific incidence was lowest in the 30 s, and early 40 s and highest after 65 years. Over the 12-year period, increasing trend of standardized epilepsy incidence rates was observed for the total population and for females (p = 0.024 and p = 0.020 respectively). The crude overall prevalence of epilepsy on December 31, 2022 was 13.0 per 1000 individuals (men 13.5; women 12.6). The highest prevalence was in patients in their early 20 s and in the seventh decade. In conclusion, the incidence of epilepsy in this study was similar to those of other industrialized countries, with increasing trend during study period. Prevalence was higher compared to European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Gluscevic
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Ljubljanska bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Slavica Vujsic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Krusevac bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Aleksandar Ristic
- Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Subotica 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tatjana Pekmezovic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26A, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Bulduk M, Can V. Stigma perception and health fatalism in parents of children with epilepsy: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35525. [PMID: 39170317 PMCID: PMC11336770 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to examine the factors that affect stigma perceptions and health fatalism of parents of children with epilepsy in eastern Turkey, the relationship between these and the impact of these on their social lives. Method This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2022 and January 2023 with the parents of children under the age of 18 who had been diagnosed with epilepsy for at least 1 year and who were followed up in the only hospital with a paediatric neurology outpatient clinic in Van province of Turkey. No sample selection was made in the study. Healthy parents (n = 123) who presented to the outpatient clinic within the specified time period and who agreed to participate in the study after being explained the purpose of the study participated in the study. Results In this study, parental age was found to have a statistically weak positive correlation with Health Fatalism Scale (HFS) (r = 0.251; p = 0.005). A weak positive correlation was also found between the years patients had epilepsy and Parent Stigma Scale (PSS) (r = 0.275; p = 0.002). In addition, a statistically positive and weak relationship was found between Parent Stigma Scale scores and Health Fatalism Scale scores (r = 0.212; p = 0.018). This study found significant relationships between stigma perception and health fatalism in parents of epileptic children. Stigma perception increased with disease duration and lower parental education levels. Conclusion While providing an important basis for understanding the difficulties experienced by parents and developing support mechanisms, the present study can contribute to more informed support for parents of patients with epilepsy in the community. Nurses can contribute to ending stigma and discrimination by identifying patients' and parents' perceptions of epilepsy, focusing on addressing gaps in knowledge and raising awareness in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bulduk
- Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, 65000, Van, Turkey
| | - Veysel Can
- Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, 65000, Van, Turkey
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Reyes Nieva H, Bakken S, Elhadad N. Mining the health disparities and minority health bibliome: A computational scoping review and gap analysis of 200,000+ articles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadf9033. [PMID: 38266089 PMCID: PMC10807818 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Without comprehensive examination of available literature on health disparities and minority health (HDMH), the field is left vulnerable to disproportionately focus on specific populations or conditions, curtailing our ability to fully advance health equity. Using scalable open-source methods, we conducted a computational scoping review of more than 200,000 articles to investigate major populations, conditions, and themes as well as notable gaps. We also compared trends in studied conditions to their relative prevalence using insurance claims (42 million Americans). HDMH publications represent 1% of articles in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). Most studies are observational in nature, although randomized trial reporting has increased fivefold in the past 20 years. Half of HDMH articles concentrate on only three disease groups (cancer, mental health, and endocrine/metabolic disorders), while hearing, vision, and skin-related conditions are among the least well represented despite substantial prevalence. To support further investigation, we present HDMH Monitor, an interactive dashboard and repository generated from the HDMH bibliome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Reyes Nieva
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suzanne Bakken
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Noémie Elhadad
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Coste J, Mandereau-Bruno L, Carcaillon-Bentata L, Mikaeloff Y, Bouilleret V. Prevalence, demographic and spatial distribution of treated epilepsy in France in 2020: a study based on the French national health data system. J Neurol 2024; 271:519-525. [PMID: 37787813 PMCID: PMC10770219 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although still incomplete, the epidemiology of epilepsy shows substantial variations in the burden of the condition according to demographic, social and territorial characteristics. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of treated epilepsy and to investigate its demographic and spatial distribution in 2020 in France, a country where the nationwide epidemiological situation of the condition remains largely unknown. METHODS We used the French national health data system, which covers nearly the entire population residing in France (over 67 million of inhabitants in metropolitan and overseas departments). Prevalent cases were identified using long-term disease status, hospitalisation for epilepsy (ICD-10 codes G40 or G41), and reimbursements for antiseizure medications and electroencephalograms. RESULTS In 2020, we identified 685,122 epilepsy cases, corresponding to an overall prevalence of 10.2 per 1000 inhabitants [95% confidence interval 10.1-10.2], with similar rates in men and women. Estimates were found to increase with age, with an accelerated rise in the second half of the life, which occurred earlier in men than in women. We observed a monotonic gradient of variation with socio-economic deprivation (in non-military metropolitan subjects aged 18-54 years) as well as territorial heterogeneity, with the mountainous centre of France as well as some French overseas departments having the highest prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Our results revise upwards the estimation of epilepsy prevalence in France, showing that it now ranks among the highest in developed countries. Our study also confirms the important socio-territorial heterogeneity of the condition that reflects health inequalities in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Coste
- Santé Publique France (French National Public Health Agency), Saint-Maurice, France.
| | | | | | - Yann Mikaeloff
- CPEA, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupement Hospitalo-Universitaire Paris-Saclay, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
- CESP-INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Viviane Bouilleret
- Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Schubert-Bast S, Kaur M, Joeres L, Foskett N, Roebling R, Strzelczyk A. Epidemiology of focal onset seizures in children aged >1 month to 4 years in Europe, United States, and Canada: A literature review. Seizure 2023; 112:88-97. [PMID: 37778299 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to report the currently available epidemiology of focal onset seizures in children aged >1 month to 4 years with the help of a literature review. The terms 'seizure*' OR 'epilepsy' combined with pediatric and epidemiology terms were used to search Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science up to November 16, 2021. Due to the scarcity of epidemiology data on focal onset seizures, the incidence and prevalence were estimated using the proportion of focal onset seizures in epilepsy patients from the most recently published articles. The estimated annual incidence per 100,000 children of focal onset seizures in children of 0-4 years of age ranged from 25.1 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 18.9-32.7) in the United Kingdom to 111.8 in the United States. The estimated period prevalence of focal onset seizures in children 0-4 years of age ranged from 0.15 % (99 % CI 0.13-0.18) in Canada to 0.61 % in the United States. Neurodevelopmental outcomes and psychiatric disorders were the most commonly reported comorbidities in children with epilepsy of age 0-4 years. Presence of focal onset seizures in children with different epilepsy syndromes needs to be thoroughly considered in the treatment planning of this population of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schubert-Bast
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Schleusenweg 2-16 (Haus 95), Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Neuropediatrics, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.
| | - Moninder Kaur
- UCB Pharma, 216 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 3WE, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Joeres
- UCB Biosciences GmbH, Alfred-Nobel-Str. 10, Monheim 40789, Germany
| | - Nadia Foskett
- UCB Pharma, 216 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 3WE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Roebling
- UCB Biosciences GmbH, Alfred-Nobel-Str. 10, Monheim 40789, Germany
| | - Adam Strzelczyk
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Schleusenweg 2-16 (Haus 95), Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany
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Zhang WR, Liu L, Xu L, Hua Y, Su XJ, Jiang PF, Yuan ZF, Gao F. Efficacy of perampanel as an adjunctive therapy in pediatric focal epilepsy. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:1111-1114. [PMID: 36749477 PMCID: PMC10533644 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ran Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yi Hua
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Su
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Pei-Fang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Zhe-Feng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.
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Nieva HR, Bakken S, Elhadad N. Mining the Health Disparities and Minority Health Bibliome: A Computational Scoping Review and Gap Analysis of 200,000+ Articles. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.17.23296754. [PMID: 37905137 PMCID: PMC10615014 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.17.23296754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Without comprehensive examination of available literature on health disparities and minority health (HDMH), the field is left vulnerable to disproportionately focus on specific populations or conditions, curtailing our ability to fully advance health equity. Using scalable open-source methods, we conducted a computational scoping review of more than 200,000 articles to investigate major populations, conditions, and themes in the literature as well as notable gaps. We also compared trends in studied conditions to their relative prevalence in the general population using insurance claims (42MM Americans). HDMH publications represent 1% of articles in MEDLINE. Most studies are observational in nature, though randomized trial reporting has increased five-fold in the last twenty years. Half of all HDMH articles concentrate on only three disease groups (cancer, mental health, endocrine/metabolic disorders), while hearing, vision, and skin-related conditions are among the least well represented despite substantial prevalence. To support further investigation, we also present HDMH Monitor, an interactive dashboard and repository generated from the HDMH bibliome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Reyes Nieva
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
| | - Suzanne Bakken
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University
- School of Nursing, Columbia University
| | - Noémie Elhadad
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University
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8
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Fan HC, Chiang KL, Chang KH, Chen CM, Tsai JD. Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065270. [PMID: 36982345 PMCID: PMC10049646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Comorbidities are common in children with epilepsy, with nearly half of the patients having at least one comorbidity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by hyperactivity and inattentiveness level disproportional to the child’s developmental stage. The burden of ADHD in children with epilepsy is high and can adversely affect the patients’ clinical outcomes, psychosocial aspects, and quality of life. Several hypotheses were proposed to explain the high burden of ADHD in childhood epilepsy; the well-established bidirectional connection and shared genetic/non-genetic factors between epilepsy and comorbid ADHD largely rule out the possibility of a chance in this association. Stimulants are effective in children with comorbid ADHD, and the current body of evidence supports their safety within the approved dose. Nonetheless, safety data should be further studied in randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials. Comorbid ADHD is still under-recognized in clinical practice. Early identification and management of comorbid ADHD are crucial to optimize the prognosis and reduce the risk of adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The identification of the shared genetic background of epilepsy and ADHD can open the gate for tailoring treatment options for these patients through precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Liang Chiang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (J.-D.T.); Tel.: +886-4-22840319-701 (C.-M.C.); +886-4-24730022-21731 (J.-D.T.)
| | - Jeng-Dau Tsai
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (J.-D.T.); Tel.: +886-4-22840319-701 (C.-M.C.); +886-4-24730022-21731 (J.-D.T.)
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Carlton EF, Gebremariam A, Maddux AB, McNamara N, Barbaro RP, Cornell TT, Iwashyna TJ, Prosser LA, Zimmerman J, Weiss S, Prescott HC. New and Progressive Medical Conditions After Pediatric Sepsis Hospitalization Requiring Critical Care. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:e223554. [PMID: 36215045 PMCID: PMC9552050 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Children commonly experience physical, cognitive, or emotional sequelae after sepsis. However, little is known about the development or progression of medical conditions after pediatric sepsis. Objective To quantify the development and progression of 4 common conditions in the 6 months after sepsis and to assess whether they differed after hospitalization for sepsis vs nonsepsis among critically ill children. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study of 101 511 children (<19 years) with sepsis or nonsepsis hospitalization used a national administrative claims database (January 1, 2010, to June 30, 2018). Data management and analysis were conducted from April 1, 2020, to July 7, 2022. Exposures Intensive care unit hospitalization for sepsis vs all-cause intensive care unit hospitalizations, excluding sepsis. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were the development of 4 target conditions (chronic respiratory failure, seizure disorder, supplemental nutritional dependence, and chronic kidney disease) within 6 months of hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes were the progression of the 4 target conditions among children with the condition before hospitalization. Outcomes were identified via diagnostic and procedural codes, durable medical equipment codes, and prescription medications. Differences in the development and the progression of conditions between pediatric patients with sepsis and pediatric patients with nonsepsis who survived intensive care unit hospitalization were assessed using logistic regression with matching weights. Results A total of 5150 survivors of pediatric sepsis and 96 361 survivors of nonsepsis intensive care unit hospitalizations were identified; 2593 (50.3%) were female. The median age was 9.5 years (IQR, 3-15 years) in the sepsis cohort and 7 years (IQR, 2-13 years) in the nonsepsis cohort. Of the 5150 sepsis survivors, 670 (13.0%) developed a new target condition, and 385 of 1834 (21.0%) with a preexisting target condition had disease progression. A total of 998 of the 5150 survivors (19.4%) had development and/or progression of at least 1 condition. New conditions were more common among sepsis vs nonsepsis hospitalizations (new chronic respiratory failure: 4.6% vs 1.9%; odds ratio [OR], 2.54 [95% CI, 2.19-2.94]; new supplemental nutritional dependence: 7.9% vs 2.7%; OR, 3.17 [95% CI, 2.80-3.59]; and new chronic kidney disease: 1.1% vs 0.6%; OR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.25-2.19]). New seizure disorder was less common (4.6% vs 6.0%; OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.66-0.89]). Progressive supplemental nutritional dependence was more common (1.5% vs 0.5%; OR, 2.95 [95% CI, 1.60-5.42]), progressive epilepsy was less common (33.7% vs 40.6%; OR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.65-0.86]), and progressive respiratory failure (4.4% vs 3.3%; OR, 1.35 [95% CI, 0.89-2.04]) and progressive chronic kidney disease (7.9% vs 9.2%; OR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.18-3.91]) were similar among survivors of sepsis vs nonsepsis admitted to an intensive care unit. Conclusions and Relevance In this national cohort of critically ill children who survived sepsis, 1 in 5 developed or had progression of a condition of interest after sepsis hospitalization, suggesting survivors of pediatric sepsis may benefit from structured follow-up to identify and treat new or worsening medical comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin F. Carlton
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Acham Gebremariam
- Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Aline B. Maddux
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora
| | - Nancy McNamara
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Ryan P. Barbaro
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Timothy T. Cornell
- Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Theodore J. Iwashyna
- VA Center for Clinical Management Research, HSR&D Center of Innovation, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Lisa A. Prosser
- Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Jerry Zimmerman
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Scott Weiss
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pediatric Sepsis Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hallie C. Prescott
- VA Center for Clinical Management Research, HSR&D Center of Innovation, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Larrew T, Skoch J, Ihnen SKZ, Arya R, Holland KD, Tenney JR, Horn PS, Leach JL, Krueger DA, Greiner HM, Mangano FT. Comparison of outcomes after stereoelectroencephalography and subdural grid monitoring in pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex. Neurosurg Focus 2022; 53:E5. [PMID: 36183179 DOI: 10.3171/2022.7.focus22335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) epilepsy present with unique clinical challenges such as early seizure onset and high rates of intractability and multifocality. Although there are numerous studies about the safety and efficacy of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), this topic has not been studied in TSC patients who have distinct epilepsy profiles. The authors investigated subdural grid (SDG) and SEEG monitoring to determine whether these procedures lead to similar seizure and safety outcomes and to identify features unique to this pediatric population.
METHODS
TSC patients who underwent SDG or SEEG placement and a second epilepsy surgery during the period from 2007 to 2021 were included in this single-center retrospective cohort analysis. Various patient, hospitalization, and epilepsy characteristics were collected.
RESULTS
A total of 50 TSC patients were included in this study: 30 were included in the SDG cohort and 20 in the SEEG cohort. Baseline weekly seizure count did not significantly differ between the 2 groups (p = 0.412). The SEEG group had a greater mean baseline number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) (3.0 vs 2.0, p = 0.003), higher rate of previous surgical interventions (25% vs 0%, p = 0.007), and larger proportion of patients who underwent bilateral monitoring (50% vs 13.3%, p = 0.005). Despite this, there was no significant difference in seizure freedom between the SDG and SEEG cohorts. The mean reduction in seizure count was 84.9% and 47.8% of patients were seizure free at last follow-up (mean 79.4 months). SEEG trended toward being a safer procedure than SDG monitoring, with a shorter mean ICU stay (0.7 days vs 3.9 days, p < 0.001), lower blood transfusion rate (0% vs 13.3%, p = 0.140), and lower surgical complication rate (0% vs 10%, p = 0.265).
CONCLUSIONS
In the comparison of the SDG and SEEG cohorts, the SEEG group included patients who appeared to receive more aggressive management and have a higher rate of multifocality, more prior surgical interventions, more AEDs at baseline, and a higher rate of bilateral invasive monitoring. Despite this, the SEEG cohort had similar seizure outcomes and a trend toward increased safety. Based on these findings, SEEG appears to allow for monitoring of a wider breadth of TSC patients given its minimally invasive nature and its relative simplicity for monitoring numerous regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Larrew
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
| | - Jesse Skoch
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
| | - S. Katie Z. Ihnen
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - Ravindra Arya
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - Katherine D. Holland
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - Jeffrey R. Tenney
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - Paul S. Horn
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - James L. Leach
- Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Darcy A. Krueger
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - Hansel M. Greiner
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - Francesco T. Mangano
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
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11
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Joris V, Weil AG, Fallah A. Brain Surgery for Medically Intractable Epilepsy. Adv Pediatr 2022; 69:59-74. [PMID: 35985717 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the broad topic of brain surgery in the treatment of pediatric intractable epilepsy. The authors review the latest advancements in the presurgical workup as well as the mandatory tests needed to explore the epilepsy workup in these children. They describe the different types of epilepsy from a surgical standpoint (temporal, extratemporal, multifocal, and hemispheric epilepsies) and various surgical procedures that can be proposed depending on the clinical scenario: lesionectomies, lobectomies, hemispherectomies, neuromodulation, and palliative surgeries. They also describe the key differences of the pediatric patient as compared with the adult patient in such pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Joris
- Fellow, Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Alexander G Weil
- Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Aria Fallah
- Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Suite 525, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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12
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Hansen B, Allendorfer JB. Considering social determinants of health in the relationship between physical activity and exercise engagement and cognitive impairment among persons with epilepsy. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:923856. [PMID: 36188918 PMCID: PMC9397670 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.923856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many persons with epilepsy (PWE) are not as active or physically fit as compared to the general population. This lack of engagement in physical activity has been attributed to a number of factors, few of which take into consideration the social determinants of health (SDH). In this perspective, we highlight how SDH are considered in explaining lower levels of physical activity engagement among PWE, particularly for those experiencing cognitive impairment. We also discuss how these data can be applied in research to yield a greater impact on the quality of life among PWE. Consideration of SDH allows for increased understanding of how cognition can be both a determinant of physical activity and an outcome of environments conducive to physical activity in PWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hansen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jane B. Allendorfer
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jane B. Allendorfer
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13
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Szpindel A, Myers KA, Ng P, Dorais M, Koclas L, Pigeon N, Shevell M, Oskoui M. Epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy: a data linkage study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022; 64:259-265. [PMID: 34423432 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the prevalence of epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy (CP) to peer controls and their differences in healthcare utilization. METHOD The Quebec CP registry was linked to the provincial administrative health database. Two CP cohorts were identified from the registry (n=302, 168 males, 1y 2mo-14y) and administrative data (n=370, 221 males, 2y 2mo-14y). A control cohort (n=6040, 3340 males, 10-14y) was matched by age, sex, and region to the CP registry cohort. Administrative data algorithms were used to define epilepsy cases. Data on hospitalizations and emergency department presentations were obtained. RESULTS Using the most sensitive epilepsy definition, prevalence was 42.05% in the CP registry, 43.24% in the CP administrative data, and 1.39% in controls. Prevalence rose with increasing Gross Motor Function Classification System level. Children with CP and epilepsy had increased number and length of hospitalizations and emergency department presentations compared to children with CP or epilepsy alone. Epilepsy accounted for approximately 5% of emergency department presentations and 10% of hospitalizations in children with epilepsy, with and without CP. INTERPRETATION Children with CP have an increased risk of epilepsy compared to their peers. Children with CP and coexisting epilepsy represent a unique subset with complex developmental disability and increased healthcare service utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Szpindel
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kenneth A Myers
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology/Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pamela Ng
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Dorais
- StatSciences, Notre-Dame-de-l'Île-Perrot, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louise Koclas
- Centre de Réadaptation Marie Enfant du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole Pigeon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Shevell
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology/Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maryam Oskoui
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology/Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Song Y, Lally PJ, Yanez Lopez M, Oeltzschner G, Nebel MB, Gagoski B, Kecskemeti S, Hui SCN, Zöllner HJ, Shukla D, Arichi T, De Vita E, Yedavalli V, Thayyil S, Fallin D, Dean DC, Grant PE, Wisnowski JL, Edden RAE. Edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the neonatal brain. Neuroradiology 2022; 64:217-232. [PMID: 34654960 PMCID: PMC8887832 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
J-difference-edited spectroscopy is a valuable approach for the detection of low-concentration metabolites with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Currently, few edited MRS studies are performed in neonates due to suboptimal signal-to-noise ratio, relatively long acquisition times, and vulnerability to motion artifacts. Nonetheless, the technique presents an exciting opportunity in pediatric imaging research to study rapid maturational changes of neurotransmitter systems and other metabolic systems in early postnatal life. Studying these metabolic processes is vital to understanding the widespread and rapid structural and functional changes that occur in the first years of life. The overarching goal of this review is to provide an introduction to edited MRS for neonates, including the current state-of-the-art in editing methods and editable metabolites, as well as to review the current literature applying edited MRS to the neonatal brain. Existing challenges and future opportunities, including the lack of age-specific reference data, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Song
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Lally
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Yanez Lopez
- Center for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Beth Nebel
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Steve C N Hui
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deepika Shukla
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Center for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Enrico De Vita
- Center for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas's Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, Lambeth Wing, 3rd Floor, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Vivek Yedavalli
- Division of Neuroradiology, Park 367G, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St. B-112 D, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sudhin Thayyil
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniele Fallin
- Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Waisman Center, University of WI-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Newborn Nursery, University of WI-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of WI-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica L Wisnowski
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.,Department of Radiology and Fetal and Neonatal Institute, CHLA Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Division of Neuroradiology, Park 367G, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St. B-112 D, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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15
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Oakley LL, Regan AK, Fell DB, Spruin S, Bakken IJ, Kwong JC, Pereira G, Nassar N, Aaberg KM, Wilcox AJ, Håberg SE. Childhood seizures after prenatal exposure to maternal influenza infection: a population-based cohort study from Norway, Australia and Canada. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:153-159. [PMID: 34187781 PMCID: PMC8908878 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether clinical and/or laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of maternal influenza during pregnancy increases the risk of seizures in early childhood. DESIGN Analysis of prospectively collected registry data for children born between 2009 and 2013 in three high-income countries. We used Cox regression to estimate country-level adjusted HRs (aHRs); fixed-effects meta-analyses were used to pool adjusted estimates. SETTING Population-based. PARTICIPANTS 1 360 629 children born between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013 in Norway, Australia (New South Wales) and Canada (Ontario). EXPOSURE Clinical and/or laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of maternal influenza infection during pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We extracted data on recorded seizure diagnosis in secondary/specialist healthcare between birth and up to 7 years of age; additional analyses were performed for the specific seizure outcomes 'epilepsy' and 'febrile seizures'. RESULTS Among 1 360 629 children in the study population, 14 280 (1.0%) were exposed to maternal influenza in utero. Exposed children were at increased risk of seizures (aHR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.28), and also febrile seizures (aHR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.34). There was no strong evidence of an increased risk of epilepsy (aHR 1.07, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.41). Risk estimates for seizures were higher after influenza infection during the second and third trimester than for first trimester. CONCLUSIONS In this large international study, prenatal exposure to influenza infection was associated with increased risk of childhood seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Oakley
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annette K Regan
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deshayne B Fell
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Spruin
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inger Johanne Bakken
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeffrey C Kwong
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gavin Pereira
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natasha Nassar
- Child Population and Translational Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kari M Aaberg
- The National Center for Epilepsy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Allen J Wilcox
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Siri E Håberg
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Chou IJ, Chung TT, Liu YH, Hung PC, Lin JJ, Chiou MJ, See LC, Lin KL, Wang HS. Secular Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Medications for Epilepsy from 2007 to 2015 in Taiwan: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Neuroepidemiology 2021; 55:484-494. [PMID: 34781294 DOI: 10.1159/000519544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with epilepsy have a higher mortality rate than the general population. Up-to-date estimates of epilepsy incidence, prevalence, and medication use are critical to assist policymaking. METHODS Using the National Taiwan Insurance Research Database, the standardized incidence and prevalence of epilepsy were estimated in each calendar year from 2007 to 2015. We used the incident cases of epilepsy to analyze the change in prescribing patterns from 2007 to 2015. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate secular trends. RESULTS From 2007 to 2015, the age- and sex-standardized incidence decreased from 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-0.73) to 0.54 (95% CI 0.53-0.55) per 1,000 person-years, giving an annual percentage change (APC) of -2.73 (p < 0.05). Among patients younger than 20 years, the incidence did not change significantly. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence decreased from 6.94 (95% CI 6.90-6.98) to 6.86 (95% CI, 6.82-6.89) per 1,000 people, giving an APC of -0.31 (p < 0.05). However, the prevalence increased in the 35- to 49- and 50- to 64-year age-groups. The most common first-line anticonvulsant was phenytoin in 2007 and valproate in 2015. The use of levetiracetam, clobazam, and valproate increased during the study period, with APCs of 25.48% (95% CI 19.97-31.24), 6.41 (3.09-9.85), and 2.83 (1.51-4.16), respectively. The use of carbamazepine, phenytoin, and topiramate decreased; the APCs were -23.86% (95% CI -25.25 to -22.44), -6.61 (-8.40 to -4.79), and -4.29% (-7.87 to -0.57), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The overall prevalence and incidence of epilepsy decreased slightly from 2007 to 2015. The prescribed first-line anticonvulsant also changed over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Jun Chou
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan,
| | - Ting-Ting Chung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Liu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Hung
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jainn-Jim Lin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Pediatric Neurocritical Care Center, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jiun Chiou
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lai-Chu See
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Biostatistics Core Laboratory, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Lin Lin
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Shyong Wang
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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17
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Ali S, Stanley J, Davis S, Keenan N, Scheffer IE, Sadleir LG. Epidemiology of Treated Epilepsy in New Zealand Children: A Focus on Ethnicity. Neurology 2021; 97:e1933-e1941. [PMID: 34504020 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine the period prevalence and incidence of treated epilepsy in a New Zealand pediatric cohort with a focus on ethnicity and socioeconomic status. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. The New Zealand Pharmaceutical Collection database was searched for individuals ≤18 years of age dispensed an antiseizure medication (ASM) in 2015 from areas capturing 48% of the New Zealand pediatric population. Medical records of identified cases were reviewed to ascertain the indication for the ASM prescription. Population data were derived from the New Zealand 2013 Census. RESULTS A total of 3,557 ASMs were prescribed during 2015 in 2,594 children, of whom 1,717 (66%) children had epilepsy. An indication for prescription was ascertained for 3,332/3,557 (94%) ASMs. The period prevalence of treated epilepsy was 3.4 per 1,000 children. Children in the most deprived areas had 1.9 times the rate of treated epilepsy (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-2.2) as those from the least deprived areas. Prevalence was similar for most ethnic groups (European/other: 3.7, 95% CI 3.4-3.9; Pacific Peoples: 3.6, 95% CI 3.2-4.1; Māori: 3.4, 95% CI 3.1-3.8) apart from Asians, who had a lower prevalence of 2.3 per 1,000 (95% CI 2.0-2.6). However, when adjusted for socioeconomic deprivation, the prevalence of epilepsy was highest in European and similar in Māori, Pacific, and Asian children. DISCUSSION This is the largest pediatric epidemiology epilepsy study where diagnosis of epilepsy was confirmed by case review. This is the first study to provide epidemiologic information for pediatric epilepsy in Māori and Pacific children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayma Ali
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health (S.A., S.D., N.K., L.G.S.) and Public Health (J.S.), University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; and the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (I.S.), Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - James Stanley
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health (S.A., S.D., N.K., L.G.S.) and Public Health (J.S.), University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; and the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (I.S.), Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne Davis
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health (S.A., S.D., N.K., L.G.S.) and Public Health (J.S.), University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; and the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (I.S.), Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ngaire Keenan
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health (S.A., S.D., N.K., L.G.S.) and Public Health (J.S.), University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; and the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (I.S.), Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ingrid Eileen Scheffer
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health (S.A., S.D., N.K., L.G.S.) and Public Health (J.S.), University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; and the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (I.S.), Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Lynette Grant Sadleir
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health (S.A., S.D., N.K., L.G.S.) and Public Health (J.S.), University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; and the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (I.S.), Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, University of Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Cao Q, Yang F, Wang H. CB2R induces a protective response against epileptic seizures through ERK and p38 signaling pathways. Int J Neurosci 2021; 131:735-744. [PMID: 32715907 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1796661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Epilepsy is a pivotal neurological disorder characterized by the synchronous discharging of neurons to induce momentary brain dysfunction. Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of epilepsy, with seizures originating from the mesial temporal lobe. The hippocampus forms part of the mesial temporal lobe and plays a significant role in epileptogenesis; it also has a vital influence on the mental development of children. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of CB2 receptor (CB2R) activation on ERK and p38 signaling in nerve cells of a rat epilepsy model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We treated Sprague-Dawley rats with pilocarpine to induce an epilepsy model and treated such animals with a CB2R agonist (JWH133) alone or with a CB2R antagonist (AM630). Nissl's stain showed the neuron conditon in different groups. Western blot analyzed the level of p-ERK and p-p38. RESULTS JWH133 can increase the latent period of first seizure attack and decrease the Grades IV-V magnitude ratio after the termination of SE. Nissl's stain showed JWH133 protected neurons in the hippocampus while AM630 inhibited the functioning of CB2R in neurons. Western blot analysis showed that JWH133 decreased levels of p-ERK and p-p38, which is found at increased levels in the hippocampus of our epilepsy model. In contrast, AM630 inhibited the protective function of JWH133 and also enhanced levels of p-ERK and p-p38. CONCLUSIONS CB2R activation can induce neurons proliferation and survival through activation of ERK and p38 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fenghua Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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19
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姚 晓, 刘 志, 李 宁, 马 瑞, 赵 薛, 张 良, 许 国, 詹 思, 方 挺. [Epidemiological study of infantile epilepsy incidence density among infants under 36 months of age in Ningbo City from 2015 to 2019]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2021; 53:485-490. [PMID: 34145849 PMCID: PMC8220061 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the distribution and trend of infantile epilepsy among infants under 36 months in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. METHODS Using the birth cohort design, we retrospectively collected the local born infants in Ningbo national health information platform from 2015 to 2019, and took the first visit of epilepsy in the electronic medical record of the platform as the new case. The incidence density and 95% confidence interval (CI) of epilepsy were estimated by Poisson distribution. RESULTS From 2015 to 2019, a total of 294 900 children were born in Ningbo, with male accounting for 51.92%. The total person-years of observation were 595 300, while the median follow-up person-years was 2.31 [interquartile range (IQR): 1.90]. There were 575 new onset epilepsy patients during the whole observation period. The total number of visits was 2 599, with an average of 4.52. The total incidence density was 96.59/100 000 person-years (95%CI: 88.85-104.82). The median age of onset was 13 months (IQR: 15), 0-12 months old infants had the highest incidence density (102.18/100 000 person-years), 25-36 months old infants had the lowest incidence density (89.68/100 000 person-years), and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The incidence density of male was 97.58/100 000 person-years, female was 95.53/100 000 person-years, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Fenghua was the highest (130.54/100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 94.47-175.83) and Ninghai was the lowest (66.44/100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 47.02-91. 19), with significant difference (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence density in different birth years (P>0.05). There was significant difference in the incidence density between 0-12 months old infants in different calendar years (Ptrend < 0.05). In this age group, the incidence density was the lowest in 2015 (69.41/100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 41.79-108.39), and the highest in 2019 (225.61/100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 186.10-271.03). There was no significant difference in the incidence density between 13-24 and 25-36 months old infants in different calendar years (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The incidence density of epilepsy in 0-36 months old infants in Ningbo City from 2015 to 2019 was low as a whole, and there was no difference in age group, gender, and year of birth. The incidence density of 0-12 months old infants increased with the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- 晓莹 姚
- 北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,北京 100191Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 志科 刘
- 北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,北京 100191Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 宁 李
- 宁波市疾病控制与预防中心,浙江宁波 315010Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - 瑞 马
- 宁波市疾病控制与预防中心,浙江宁波 315010Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - 薛飞 赵
- 宁波市疾病控制与预防中心,浙江宁波 315010Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - 良 张
- 宁波市疾病控制与预防中心,浙江宁波 315010Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - 国章 许
- 宁波市疾病控制与预防中心,浙江宁波 315010Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - 思延 詹
- 北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,北京 100191Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 挺 方
- 宁波市疾病控制与预防中心,浙江宁波 315010Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Lhatoo SD, Bernasconi N, Blumcke I, Braun K, Buchhalter J, Denaxas S, Galanopoulou A, Josephson C, Kobow K, Lowenstein D, Ryvlin P, Schulze-Bonhage A, Sahoo SS, Thom M, Thurman D, Worrell G, Zhang GQ, Wiebe S. Big data in epilepsy: Clinical and research considerations. Report from the Epilepsy Big Data Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia 2020; 61:1869-1883. [PMID: 32767763 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a heterogeneous condition with disparate etiologies and phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Clinical and research aspects are accordingly varied, ranging from epidemiological to molecular, spanning clinical trials and outcomes, gene and drug discovery, imaging, electroencephalography, pathology, epilepsy surgery, digital technologies, and numerous others. Epilepsy data are collected in the terabytes and petabytes, pushing the limits of current capabilities. Modern computing firepower and advances in machine and deep learning, pioneered in other diseases, open up exciting possibilities for epilepsy too. However, without carefully designed approaches to acquiring, standardizing, curating, and making available such data, there is a risk of failure. Thus, careful construction of relevant ontologies, with intimate stakeholder inputs, provides the requisite scaffolding for more ambitious big data undertakings, such as an epilepsy data commons. In this review, we assess the clinical and research epilepsy landscapes in the big data arena, current challenges, and future directions, and make the case for a systematic approach to epilepsy big data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samden D Lhatoo
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Neda Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ingmar Blumcke
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kees Braun
- Department of Child Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Buchhalter
- Department of Neurology, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Spiros Denaxas
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aristea Galanopoulou
- Saul Korey Department of Neurology, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Colin Josephson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Katja Kobow
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Lowenstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Philippe Ryvlin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Satya S Sahoo
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maria Thom
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Greg Worrell
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Samuel Wiebe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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21
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Wie viele Patienten mit Epilepsie gibt es in Deutschland, und wer behandelt sie? ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR EPILEPTOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10309-020-00334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Kim M, Chae KH, Chung YJ, Hwang H, Lee M, Kim HK, Cho HH, Kim MR, Jung CY, Kim S. The effect of the look-back period for estimating incidence using administrative data. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:166. [PMID: 32131818 PMCID: PMC7057623 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-5016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The look-back period is needed to define baseline population for estimating incidence. However, short look-back period is known to overestimate incidence of diseases misclassifying prevalent cases to incident cases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the various length of look-back period on the observed incidences of uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis and adenomyosis, and to estimate true incidences considering the misclassification errors in the longitudinal administrative data in Korea. Methods A total of 319,608 women between 15 to 54 years of age in 2002 were selected from Korea National Health Insurance Services (KNHIS) cohort database. In order to minimize misclassification bias incurred when applying various length of look-back period, we used 11 years of claim data to estimate the incidence by equally setting the look-back period to 11 years for each year using prediction model. The association between the year of diagnosis and the number of prevalent cases with the misclassification rates by each look-back period was investigated. Based on the findings, prediction models on the proportion of misclassified incident cases were developed using multiple linear regression. Results The proportion of misclassified incident cases of uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis and adenomyosis were 32.8, 10.4 and 13.6% respectively for the one-year look-back period in 2003. These numbers decreased to 6.3% in uterine leiomyoma and − 0.8% in both endometriosis and adenomyosis using all available look-back periods (11 years) in 2013. Conclusion This study demonstrates approaches for estimating incidences considering the different proportion of misclassified cases for various length of look-back period. Although the prediction model used for estimation showed strong R-squared values, follow-up studies are required for validation of the study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 06591
| | - Kyung-Hee Chae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 06591
| | - Youn-Jee Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeJin Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Ran Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chai-Young Jung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukil Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 06591.
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23
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Varni JW, Junger KF, Kellermann T, Grossman LB, Wagner J, Mucci GA, Guilfoyle SM, Smith G, Zupanc ML, Modi AC. PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale in youth with epilepsy: Reliability and validity. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 103:106850. [PMID: 31899165 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to report on the internal consistency reliability and discriminant, concurrent and construct validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Cognitive Functioning Scale as a brief generic cognitive functioning measure in youth with epilepsy. METHODS The 6-item PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale and 23-item PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales were completed by 221 pediatric patients ages 5-18 years with epilepsy and 336 parents of patients ages 2-18 years in a national field test study for the PedsQL™ Epilepsy Module. Parents also completed the 86-item Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), a widely validated measure of executive functioning. RESULTS The PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale evidenced excellent reliability (patient self-report α = 0.88; parent proxy-report α = 0.96), distinguished between youth with epilepsy and an age, gender, and race/ethnicity-matched healthy sample supporting discriminant validity with large effect sizes (~20-30 point score differences, P < 0.001), and demonstrated concurrent and construct validity, respectively, through large effect size intercorrelations with the BRIEF (Behavioral Regulation Index, Metacognition Index, Global Executive Composite Summary Scores rs = 0.43-0.67, P < 0.001) and the PedsQL™ Generic Core Scales (Total Scale Scores rs = 0.67-0.74, P < 0.001). Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) scores ranged from 5.92 to 8.80. CONCLUSIONS The PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency reliability, discriminant, concurrent, and construct validity in youth with epilepsy and may be suitable as a brief generic patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure for clinical research, clinical trials, and routine clinical practice in pediatric epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Varni
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Katherine F Junger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tanja Kellermann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Janelle Wagner
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Grace A Mucci
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Shanna M Guilfoyle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gigi Smith
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mary L Zupanc
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Avani C Modi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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24
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Jønch AE, Douard E, Moreau C, Van Dijck A, Passeggeri M, Kooy F, Puechberty J, Campbell C, Sanlaville D, Lefroy H, Richetin S, Pain A, Geneviève D, Kini U, Le Caignec C, Lespinasse J, Skytte AB, Isidor B, Zweier C, Caberg JH, Delrue MA, Møller RS, Bojesen A, Hjalgrim H, Brasch-Andersen C, Lemyre E, Ousager LB, Jacquemont S. Estimating the effect size of the 15Q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion and its contribution to neurodevelopmental symptoms: recommendations for practice. J Med Genet 2019; 56:701-710. [PMID: 31451536 PMCID: PMC6817694 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The 15q11.2 deletion is frequently identified in the neurodevelopmental clinic. Case–control studies have associated the 15q11.2 deletion with neurodevelopmental disorders, and clinical case series have attempted to delineate a microdeletion syndrome with considerable phenotypic variability. The literature on this deletion is extensive and confusing, which is a challenge for genetic counselling. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect size of the 15q11.2 deletion and quantify its contribution to neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods We performed meta-analyses on new and previously published case–control studies and used statistical models trained in unselected populations with cognitive assessments. We used new (n=241) and previously published (n=150) data from a clinically referred group of deletion carriers. 15q11.2 duplications (new n=179 and previously published n=35) were used as a neutral control variant. Results The deletion decreases IQ by 4.3 points. The estimated ORs and respective frequencies in deletion carriers for intellectual disabilities, schizophrenia and epilepsy are 1.7 (3.4%), 1.5 (2%) and 3.1 (2.1%), respectively. There is no increased risk for heart malformations and autism. In the clinically referred group, the frequency and nature of symptoms in deletions are not different from those observed in carriers of the 15q11.2 duplication suggesting that most of the reported symptoms are due to ascertainment bias. Conclusions We recommend that the deletion should be classified as ‘pathogenic of mild effect size’. Since it explains only a small proportion of the phenotypic variance in carriers, it is not worth discussing in the developmental clinic or in a prenatal setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aia Elise Jønch
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Elise Douard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Center Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Clara Moreau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Center Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anke Van Dijck
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Frank Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jacques Puechberty
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies rares et Médecine personnalisée, Université Montpelier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Carolyn Campbell
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Damien Sanlaville
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France.,Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, GENDEV Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Henrietta Lefroy
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sonia Richetin
- Service of Medical Genetics, CHUV Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurelie Pain
- Service of Medical Genetics, CHUV Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre Cantonal Autisme, CHUV Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Geneviève
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1183, IRMB, Hôpital Saint Eloi, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Usha Kini
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,The Spires Cleft Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - James Lespinasse
- Service de Cytogenetique, Centre Hospitalier de Chambéry, Chambéry, France
| | - Anne-Bine Skytte
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Christiane Zweier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Marie-Ange Delrue
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Center Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Anders Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sygehus Lillebalt Vejle Sygehus, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - Charlotte Brasch-Andersen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Emmanuelle Lemyre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Center Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lilian Bomme Ousager
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada .,Center Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Oh A, Thurman DJ, Kim H. Independent role of neonatal seizures in subsequent neurological outcomes: a population-based study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2019; 61:661-666. [PMID: 30714130 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This population-based study aimed to estimate the impact of neonatal seizures on subsequent neurological outcomes, regardless of underlying etiology. METHOD We performed a retrospective cohort study (1st January 2009-31st December 2014), using a USA nationwide claims database. Newborn infants enrolled in 2009 were followed for up to 6 years. Neonatal seizures were identified by combining the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code of 779.0 (convulsions in newborn), procedure codes of electroencephalogram and brain imaging, and antiepileptic drugs claims. Cox regression models were built to estimate the independent impact of neonatal seizures on developing epilepsy, intellectual disability, psychiatric/behavioral disorders, and headache. RESULTS Out of 490 071 newborn infants (251 850 males [51.4%], 238 221 females [48.6%]), 800 neonatal seizure cases were identified. After controlling for sex, birthweight, preterm birth status, and underlying etiology, neonates with seizures were more likely to have epilepsy (hazard ratio=32.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]=27.7-38.7; p<0.001), intellectual disability (hazard ratio=2.0; 95% CI=1.8-2.3; p<0.001), and headache (hazard ratio=1.6; 95% CI=1.1-2.2; p=0.013) than those without seizures. INTERPRETATION Observed covariates being equal, seizures in neonates appeared to play a significant role in developing epilepsy, intellectual disability, and headache. The findings showed a detrimental impact of the event in the very early life on neurological outcomes in later life. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Seizures had their own impact on the development of adverse neurological outcomes. The magnitude of impact was quite large in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahyuda Oh
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - David J Thurman
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hyunmi Kim
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
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26
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Pan IW, Lam S, Clarke DF, Shih YCT. Insurance transitions and healthcare utilization for children with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 89:48-54. [PMID: 30384099 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the study is to investigate the association between insurance transitions and healthcare utilization among children with refractory epilepsy. METHODS We applied published algorithms to identify the study cohort of children with a diagnosis of refractory epilepsy who were treated between 10/1/2013 and 9/30/2014 at 36 children's hospitals in the United States. Insurance transition was defined as having any change in the type of primary payer from the first date of diagnosis to the date of the last visit at the same hospital. Univariate and multilevel multivariable analytical methods were used in the study. RESULTS Among 3488 children hospitalized with refractory epilepsy, rates of insurance transitions at 1, 2, and 5 years of refractory epilepsy diagnosis were 8.1%, 14%, and 29.9%, respectively. Patients whose primary payer at diagnosis was Private or Others were more likely to experience insurance transitions than patients whose primary payer was Medicaid. Younger children were associated with a higher risk of insurance transitions than older children. The high intensity of insurance transitions was associated with a higher number of emergency department and inpatient visits. CONCLUSIONS Insurance transitions interrupted the continuity of medical care for children with refractory epilepsy and were associated with more frequent hospitalizations and emergency department visits, which then translated to higher healthcare costs. Medicaid provided stable insurance coverage and is critically important for these patients and should be the main focus for policies aiming to minimize insurance transitions and optimize healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Wen Pan
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 7200 Cambridge St, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, 6701 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Sandi Lam
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 7200 Cambridge St, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, 6701 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Dave Fitzgerald Clarke
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience Section, 6701 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, 6701 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Ya-Chen Tina Shih
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Health Services Research, 1155 Pressler St., Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
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Melamed RD, Rzhetsky A. Patchwork of contrasting medication cultures across the USA. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4022. [PMID: 30301884 PMCID: PMC6177425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Health in the United States is markedly heterogeneous, with large disparities in disease incidence, treatment choices and health spending. Drug prescription is one major component of health care-reflecting the accuracy of diagnosis, the adherence to evidence-based guidelines, susceptibility to drug marketing and regulatory factors. Using medical claims data covering nearly half of the USA population, we have developed and validated a framework to compare prescription rates of 600 popular drugs in 2334 counties. Our approach uncovers geographically separated sub-Americas, where patients receive treatment for different diseases, and where physicians choose different drugs for the same disease. The geographical variation suggests influences of racial composition, state-level health care laws and wealth. Some regions consistently prefer more expensive drugs, even when they have not been proven more efficacious than cheaper alternatives. Our study underlines the benefit of aggregating massive information on medical practice into a summarized and actionable form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Melamed
- Institute of Genomics, Genetics, and Systems Biology, Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, 60637, IL, USA
- Section of Computational Biomedicine and Data-Intensive Science, Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, 60637, IL, USA
| | - Andrey Rzhetsky
- Institute of Genomics, Genetics, and Systems Biology, Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, 60637, IL, USA.
- Section of Computational Biomedicine and Data-Intensive Science, Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, 60637, IL, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, and Computation Institute University of Chicago, 900 E 57 St, KBCD 10160A, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Cao Q, Liu X, Yang F, Wang H. CB2R induces a protective response for epileptic seizure via the PI3K 110α-AKT signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4784-4790. [PMID: 30542433 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease caused by abnormal discharging in the brain, which induces momentary brain dysfunction. Cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R) is expressed in central nervous system (CNS) and serves an important role in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of CB2R activation on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) 110α-protein kinase B (AKT) signaling in an astrocyte model of epilepsy. Rat CTX TNA2 astrocytes were treated with Mg free solution to establish a cell model of epilepsy and were subsequently treated with a CB2R agonist (JWH133) and antagonist (AM630). Cell cycle analysis revealed that treatment using Mg free solution inhibited cell cycle transition. JWH133 facilitated cell cycle progression while AM630 inhibited it. Western blotting results demonstrated that treatment with Mg free solution downregulated the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, phosphorylated Retinoblastoma (p-Rb), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), PI3K 110α, p-AKT and p-mammalian target of rapamycin, whereas JWH133 treatment upregulated these proteins. AM630 ameliorated the JWH133-induced upregulation of these proteins. To confirm the involvement of AKT signaling, the AKT inhibitor wortmannin was used. The results revealed that wortmannin inhibited the effect of JWH133 on p-AKT, cyclin D1, p-Rb and Bcl-2 expression. In addition, the effects of JWH133 and AM630 on PI3K 110α-AKT signaling were verified using a rat model of epilepsy. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that CB2R activation induces astrocyte proliferation and survival via activation of the PI3K 110α-AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Sapkota S, Kobau R, Pastula DM, Zack MM. People with epilepsy are diagnosed most often with unspecified epilepsy, followed by focal epilepsy, generalized convulsive epilepsy, and generalized nonconvulsive epilepsy-US MarketScan data, 2010-2015. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 79:244-246. [PMID: 29249447 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of epilepsy types varies by age, etiology, provider diagnostic capabilities, and assessment criteria. No recent US study has examined the distribution of epilepsy types in a large, population-based sample of people with epilepsy. We used MarketScan data from January 1, 2010 through September 30, 2015, to estimate the proportion of epilepsy types among all (N=370,570) individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. We identified cases of epilepsy as individuals with at least one International Classification of Disease, 9th version (ICD-9) diagnostic code of 345.X and the use of at least one antiseizure drug described in the 2015 MarketScan Redbook. Unspecified epilepsy was more common (36.8%) than focal-localized epilepsy (24.6%), generalized convulsive epilepsy (23.8%), generalized nonconvulsive epilepsy (8.9%), other forms of epilepsy (5.2%), infantile spasm (0.3%), and epilepsia partialis continua (0.3%). The high proportion of epilepsy classified as unspecified might be lowered by improved training in epilepsy diagnosis and coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeb Sapkota
- G2S Corporation, Epilepsy Program, Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Mail Stop F-78, 4770 Buford Hwy, 30341 GA, United States.
| | - Rosemarie Kobau
- Epilepsy Program, Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Mail Stop F-78, 4770 Buford Hwy, 30341 GA, United States
| | - Daniel M Pastula
- Epilepsy Program, Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Mail Stop F-78, 4770 Buford Hwy, 30341 GA, United States; University of Colorado, School of Medicine and Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Matthew M Zack
- Epilepsy Program, Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Mail Stop F-78, 4770 Buford Hwy, 30341 GA, United States
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Preventable complications in epilepsy admissions: The “July effect”. Epilepsy Res 2017; 137:101-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Oh A, Thurman DJ, Kim H. Comorbidities and risk factors associated with newly diagnosed epilepsy in the U.S. pediatric population. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 75:230-236. [PMID: 28844439 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurobehavioral comorbidities can be related to underlying etiology of epilepsy, epilepsy itself, and adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs. We examined the relationship between neurobehavioral comorbidities and putative risk factors for epilepsy in children with newly diagnosed epilepsy. We conducted a retrospective analysis of children aged ≤18years in 50 states and the District of Columbia, using the Truven Health MarketScan® commercial claims and encounters database from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013. The eligible study cohort was continuously enrolled throughout 2013 as well as enrolled for any days during a baseline period of at least the prior 2years. Newly diagnosed cases of epilepsy were defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification-coded diagnoses of epilepsy or recurrent seizures and evidence of prescribed antiepileptic drugs during 2013, when neither seizure codes nor seizure medication claims were recorded during baseline periods. Twelve neurobehavioral comorbidities and eleven putative risk factors for epilepsy were measured. More than 6 million children were analyzed (male, 51%; mean age, 8.8years). A total of 7654 children were identified as having newly diagnosed epilepsy (125 per 100,000, 99% CI=122-129). Neurobehavioral comorbidities were more prevalent in children with epilepsy than children without epilepsy (60%, 99% CI=58.1-61.0 vs. 23%, CI=23.1-23.2). Children with epilepsy were far more likely to have multiple comorbidities (36%, 99% CI=34.3-37.1) than those without epilepsy (8%, 99% CI=7.45-7.51, P<0.001). Preexisting putative risk factors for epilepsy were detected in 28% (99% CI=26.9-29.6) of children with epilepsy. After controlling for demographics, neurobehavioral comorbidities, family history of epilepsy, and other risk factors than primary interest, neonatal seizures had the strongest independent association with the development of epilepsy (OR=29.8, 99% CI=23.7-37.3, P<0.001). Compared with children with risk factors but no epilepsy, those with both epilepsy and risk factors were more likely to have intellectual disabilities (OR=13.4, 99% CI=11.9-15.0, P<0.001). The epilepsy and intellectual disabilities could share the common pathophysiology in the neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahyuda Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David J Thurman
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hyunmi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Prasad AN, Corbett B. Epilepsy, birth weight and academic school readiness in Canadian children: Data from the national longitudinal study of children and youth. Epilepsy Res 2017; 130:101-106. [PMID: 28187363 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Birth weight is an important indicator of prenatal/in-utero environment. Variations in birth weight have been reportedly associated with risks for cognitive problems. The National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) dataset was explored to examine relationships between birth weight, academic school readiness and epilepsy. METHODS A population based sample of 32,900 children of the NLSCY were analyzed to examine associations between birth weight, and school readiness scores in 4-5-year-old children. Logistic and Linear regression was used to examine associations between having epilepsy and these outcomes. Gestation data was available on 19,867 children, full-term children represented 89.67% (gestation >259days), while 10.33% of children were premature (gestation <258days). There were 20 children with reported epilepsy in the sample. Effects of confounding variables (diabetes in pregnancy, smoking in pregnancy, high blood pressure during pregnancy, and gender of the infant) on birth weight and epilepsy were controlled using a separate structural equation model. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis identified an association between epilepsy and lower birth weights, as well as an association between lower birth weight, having epilepsy and lower PPVT-R Scores. Model results show the relationship between low birth weight and epilepsy remains statistically significant even when controlling for the influence of afore mentioned confounding variables. CONCLUSION Low birth weight appears to be associated with both epilepsy and academic school readiness. The data suggest that an abnormal prenatal environment can influence both childhood onset of epilepsy and cognition. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to verify this relationship in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Prasad
- Western University, London, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Canada; London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada.
| | - B Corbett
- Ivey School of Business, Western University, London, Canada; Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
Seizures in children are among the most common neurological disorders. A pediatrician should know how to approach a child who presents with a seizure. This review will focus on points that are important in the evaluation of children who have experienced seizures. A comprehensive and neurologically focused framework for history taking and a thorough clinical examination are the cornerstones in diagnosing and managing seizures. This article reviews the clinical approach to the diagnosis, investigation, and management of epilepsy in children, excluding neonatal seizures. A pediatrician should also be aware of common epilepsy syndromes that occur in children such as Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centro-Temporal Spikes, and childhood absence epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad A Bashiri
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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Fan HC, Lee HS, Chang KP, Lee YY, Lai HC, Hung PL, Lee HF, Chi CS. The Impact of Anti-Epileptic Drugs on Growth and Bone Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1242. [PMID: 27490534 PMCID: PMC5000640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder worldwide and anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are always the first choice for treatment. However, more than 50% of patients with epilepsy who take AEDs have reported bone abnormalities. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoenzymes are induced by AEDs, especially the classical AEDs, such as benzodiazepines (BZDs), carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PT), phenobarbital (PB), and valproic acid (VPA). The induction of CYP450 isoenzymes may cause vitamin D deficiency, hypocalcemia, increased fracture risks, and altered bone turnover, leading to impaired bone mineral density (BMD). Newer AEDs, such as levetiracetam (LEV), oxcarbazepine (OXC), lamotrigine (LTG), topiramate (TPM), gabapentin (GP), and vigabatrin (VB) have broader spectra, and are safer and better tolerated than the classical AEDs. The effects of AEDs on bone health are controversial. This review focuses on the impact of AEDs on growth and bone metabolism and emphasizes the need for caution and timely withdrawal of these medications to avoid serious disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, 435 Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, 356 Miaoli, Taiwan.
| | - Herng-Shen Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, 813 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 112 Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Yen Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 112 Taipei, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 112 Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Chuan Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, 435 Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, 356 Miaoli, Taiwan.
| | - Pi-Lien Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Medical Center, 833 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Fen Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 407 Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Shiang Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, 435 Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, 356 Miaoli, Taiwan.
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