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Li J, Leng Z, Tang K, Na M, Li Y, Shah Alam S. Multidimensional impact of sport types on the psychological well-being of student athletes: A multivariate investigation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32331. [PMID: 38947484 PMCID: PMC11214501 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The correlation between sports participation and psychological well-being is well-documented, revealing a complex interplay influenced by competition level and cultural context. This is particularly relevant in Korea, where the university sports culture significantly impacts student life. This study evaluates how competitive versus non-competitive sports affect Korean university students' psychological well-being using a quantitative approach with SmartPLS 4 for multi-group analysis. Findings reveal that competitive sports significantly enhance mental toughness and stress management through structured coping mechanisms and robust social support, improving coping strategy effectiveness by 34 % compared to non-competitive sports. Conversely, participants in non-competitive sports experience greater general well-being with a 40 % higher use of informal support. These insights suggest that university sports programs could benefit from targeted interventions incorporating specific coping strategies and social support frameworks tailored to the competitive context. This research underscores the need for precise stress management techniques and resilience-building exercises in sports curricula to optimize psychological well-being across different sports environments in Korean universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Dept of Sport & Leisure Studies, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea
| | - Zhiyu Leng
- Senior Lecturer, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Hebei Province, 065201, China
| | - Kexin Tang
- Senior Lecturer, Xiangtan Institute of Technology, Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Meng Na
- Graduate School of Business, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yixiang Li
- Xiangtan Institute of Technology, Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Syed Shah Alam
- Department of Marketing, College of Business Administration, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Willroth EC, Pfund GN, Rule PD, Hill PL, John A, Kyle K, Hassenstab J, James BD. A review of the literature on wellbeing and modifiable dementia risk factors. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102380. [PMID: 38880341 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Wellbeing-defined broadly as experiencing one's life as enjoyable and fulfilling-has been associated with lower risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The mechanisms underlying this association are largely unknown. However, prior research and theory suggest that wellbeing impacts health behaviors and biological systems that are relevant to cognitive and brain health. Several of these factors have also been identified by the 2020 Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care as modifiable dementia risk factors. In the current review, we summarize and evaluate the evidence for associations between wellbeing and each of the 12 Lancet Commission risk factors. We found relatively consistent evidence for associations between higher wellbeing and lower levels of most of the risk factors: physical inactivity, social isolation, smoking, depression, hypertension, diabetes, hearing loss, traumatic brain injury, and air pollution. By contrast, we found evidence for only modest associations between wellbeing and education and mixed evidence for associations of wellbeing with alcohol use and body weight. Although most of the reviewed evidence was observational, longitudinal and experimental evidence suggests that many of the observed associations are likely bidirectional. These findings suggest that modifiable dementia risk factors may be mediators (i.e., intermediate steps in the causal chain) and/or confounders (i.e., variables that impact both wellbeing and dementia, and thus could induce a spurious association) of the association between wellbeing and dementia. We conclude by discussing next steps to test mediation hypotheses and to account for potential confounding in the relation between wellbeing and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Willroth
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States.
| | - Gabrielle N Pfund
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Payton D Rule
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Patrick L Hill
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Amber John
- Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kalista Kyle
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Bryan D James
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, United States; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, United States
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3
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Lin TF, Zhao ZY, Yuan CZ, Huang YH, Liu D, Li FX, Jiang YW, Li BL, Wei C, Sha F, Yang ZR, Ran MS, Tang JL. Life satisfaction components and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A large prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:916-925. [PMID: 38244788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Which life satisfaction components could be a target of positive psychological interventions for longevity is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate association of the composite measure of life satisfaction and its individual components with mortality. METHODS This cohort study included UK Biobank participants who responded to questions concerning five components of life satisfaction at baseline. We generated a composite score representing overall life satisfaction, ranging from 0 (lowest) to 5 (highest). The outcomes were all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the associations of interest. RESULTS Among 165,842 eligible participants, 12,261 all-cause deaths were observed over a median of 12.9-year follow-up. Overall life satisfaction was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 0.94 [95% CI: 0.93-0.95] per 1 score increment). Health satisfaction showed the strongest association with all-cause mortality, with a fully adjusted HR of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.49-0.55) for high/extreme satisfaction and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.59-0.66) for moderate satisfaction, compared with unsatisfaction (P-trend<0.001), independent of other satisfaction components, regardless of physical health and sociodemographics. The association for family, friendship, work and financial satisfaction was attenuated when adjusted for other life satisfaction components. Similar findings were observed for cause-specific mortality. LIMITATIONS Observational study with single baseline measurement of life satisfaction precludes the ability to establish causal relationship. CONCLUSIONS Higher overall life satisfaction was associated with lower mortality. As the major contributor to lower mortality regardless of physical health and sociodemographics, health satisfaction could be an important target of positive psychological interventions for longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Fei Lin
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zi-Yi Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang-Zheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Hui Huang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fu-Xiao Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi-Wen Jiang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing-Li Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Wei
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Sha
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhi-Rong Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Ling Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Ishikawa S, Konta T, Susa S, Ishizawa K, Makino N, Ueno Y, Okuyama N, Iino M. Associations between subjective well-being, number of teeth, and self-rated mastication in Japanese adults: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36354. [PMID: 38050319 PMCID: PMC10695613 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the risk factors for low levels of subjective well-being (SWB) in the general population of Japan, specifically, the impact of the number of teeth and self-rated mastication. The surveyed population consisted of individuals aged between 40 and 79 years from Yamagata prefecture, Japan. A postal self-administered questionnaire survey of respondents lifestyles, medical history, oral health, and dietary intake, was conducted from 2017 to 2021. We included 6846 participants to confirm the independent associations between SWB and several parameters using multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Individuals with < 20 teeth and poor mastication ability had a 1.3-fold risk for low levels of SWB compared with individuals with ≥ 20 teeth with good mastication ability (adjusted odds ratios = 1.300, 95% confidence intervals = 1.043-1.621, P = .020). There were no differences between individuals with good mastication ability, regardless of the number of remaining teeth. Our study emphasizes not only the importance of having ≥ 20 teeth and good mastication ability for high levels of SWB but also the importance of restoring mastication ability using some form of prosthesis, to facilitate a high level of SWB when the number of remaining teeth is < 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Ishikawa
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Konta
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shinji Susa
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishizawa
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Naohiko Makino
- Yamagata University Health Administration Center, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Global Center of Excellence, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Naoki Okuyama
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Iino
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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5
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Luo Y. Does Subjective Well-Being Improve Self-Rated Health from Undergraduate Studies to Three Years after Graduation in China? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2813. [PMID: 37957958 PMCID: PMC10649333 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The health status of emerging adults is at risk. Although subjective well-being is one of the factors closely associated with health, their longitudinal relationship is not clear among emerging adults. The study aimed to investigate the prospective relationship between self-rated health and subjective well-being in emerging adults. The study collected longitudinal data from a total of 1021 Chinese college students (537 males and 484 females) for five years, including two years in college and three years after graduation. In the baseline survey, the average age of the sample was 21.57 years old. Descriptive statistics indicated that both self-rated health and subjective well-being significantly decreased from the senior year of college to the year after graduation. Correlation analysis revealed that self-rated health and subjective well-being had a significant positive relationship. In the five-wave random intercept cross-lagged panel model, subjective well-being unidirectionally predicted self-rated health. In other words, the subjective well-being in the previous year could positively predict self-rated health in the following year, but the previous self-rated health could not predict subsequent subjective well-being. Given the significance of emerging adulthood to individual development, more attention and care should be dedicated to improving subjective well-being so as to maintain good health and engagement in work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiao Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yunfeng Luo
- School of Public Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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6
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Song I, Kwon JW, Jeon SM. The relative importance of friendship to happiness increases with age. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288095. [PMID: 37440575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Happiness is predicted by social relationships in general and contact frequency in particular. This study aims to examine if the relative importance of social contacts with the closest family/relative, friend, and neighbor in happiness changes with advancing age. We used data for all participants aged 19 years and older (n = 229,099) in the 2019 Community Health Survey, which measured the frequency of contact with the closest relative/family, neighbor, and friend among a representative sample of Koreans between August 16 and October 31, 2019. The Shapley value decomposition method was used to measure the relative importance of each predictor of happiness. Overall, contact frequency was positively associated with happiness (p<0.001). The relative importance value of contact with the closest family, neighbor, and friend to happiness increased from 4.70%, 3.98%, and 7.35%, respectively, in the 19-29 years group to 8.09%, 4.44%, and 11.00%, respectively, in the 60 years and older group. Frequent interactions with the closest friend could have a greater impact on happiness in old age than those with the closest family and neighbor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmyung Song
- Department of Health Administration, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
| | - Jin-Won Kwon
- BK21 Four Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Soo Min Jeon
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
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7
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Rizzato M, Antonelli M, Sam C, Di Dio C, Lazzeroni D, Donelli D. Happiness and Socio-Demographic Factors in an Italian Sample: A Propensity-Matched Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111557. [PMID: 37297697 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Happiness is receiving more and more interest both as a determinant of health and a measure of outcome in biomedical and psychological sciences. The main objective of this study was to assess how the levels of happiness vary in a large sample of Italian adults and to identify the socio-demographic conditions which impair happiness domains the most. The participants of this survey consisted of 1695 Italian adults (85.9% women; 14.1% men) who completed the Measure of Happiness (MH) questionnaire online. In this study, the differences between groups in total and single domain (life perspective, psychophysical status, socio-relational sphere, relational private sphere, and financial status) happiness levels were examined through a propensity score matching analysis with respect to socio-demographic conditions, including gender, age, annual income, relationship status, having children, and education level. The results show that low income has a negative impact on happiness levels, whereas being in a relationship has a positive effect. Having children appears to have a negative impact on male happiness. Males appear to be happier than females, especially with regard to the psychophysics status. This evidence emphasizes the urgency for Italian policymakers to take actions on removing obstacles to people's happiness, especially with regard to financial distress, parenthood, and gender gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Antonelli
- Department of Public Health, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Di Dio
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Lazzeroni
- Prevention and Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Donelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
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8
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Kubzansky LD, Kim ES, Boehm JK, Davidson RJ, Huffman JC, Loucks EB, Lyubomirsky S, Picard RW, Schueller SM, Trudel-Fitzgerald C, VanderWeele TJ, Warran K, Yeager DS, Yeh CS, Moskowitz JT. Interventions to Modify Psychological Well-Being: Progress, Promises, and an Agenda for Future Research. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2023; 4:174-184. [PMID: 37064816 PMCID: PMC9982781 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00167-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychological well-being, characterized by feelings, cognitions, and strategies that are associated with positive functioning (including hedonic and eudaimonic well-being), has been linked with better physical health and greater longevity. Importantly, psychological well-being can be strengthened with interventions, providing a strategy for improving population health. But are the effects of well-being interventions meaningful, durable, and scalable enough to improve health at a population-level? To assess this possibility, a cross-disciplinary group of scholars convened to review current knowledge and develop a research agenda. Here we summarize and build on the key insights from this convening, which were: (1) existing interventions should continue to be adapted to achieve a large-enough effect to result in downstream improvements in psychological functioning and health, (2) research should determine the durability of interventions needed to drive population-level and lasting changes, (3) a shift from individual-level care and treatment to a public-health model of population-level prevention is needed and will require new infrastructure that can deliver interventions at scale, (4) interventions should be accessible and effective in racially, ethnically, and geographically diverse samples. A discussion examining the key future research questions follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Eric S. Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Julia K. Boehm
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA USA
| | | | - Jeffrey C. Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Eric B. Loucks
- Department of Epidemiology, Mindfulness Center, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI USA
| | - Sonja Lyubomirsky
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
| | | | - Stephen M. Schueller
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tyler J. VanderWeele
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Katey Warran
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arts & Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - David S. Yeager
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | | | - Judith T. Moskowitz
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
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9
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Li X, Gao M, Chu M, Huang S, Fang Z, Chen T, Lee CY, Chiang YC. Promoting the well-being of rural elderly people for longevity among different birth generations: A healthy lifestyle perspective. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1050789. [PMID: 36908453 PMCID: PMC9995922 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1050789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wellbeing may have a protective role in health maintenance. However, no specific study clarified the particular protective effect of the subjective wellbeing of rural elderly people on survival probability. Few studies have examined the effect of the lifestyle of rural elderly people on their subjective wellbeing from different perspectives. We investigated whether improving subjective wellbeing increased the probability of longevity of rural elderly people and the effects of lifestyle behaviors on the subjective wellbeing of rural elderly people in different birth generations. Materials and methods Data were derived from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), which is an ongoing open cohort study that adopts a multistage, random clustered sampling process. We used the data of elderly people who were aged 65 or over during 2006-2015 for analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test found that the survival probability of rural elderly people was significantly lower than urban elderly people. Based on a sample of rural elderly people, Cox regression and generalized estimating equations were performed as further analyses. Results A total of 892 rural elderly people aged 65 or over were included in the sample in 2006. High subjective wellbeing was a protective factor against death. The subjective wellbeing of rural elderly people born in the 1940s/1930s/1908-1920s birth generations first decreased then increased. For rural elderly people born in the 1940s, there were significant positive effects of a preference for eating vegetables and walking/Tai Chi on subjective wellbeing. For rural elderly people born in the 1930s, preferences for eating vegetables, reading, and watching TV all had significant positive effects on subjective wellbeing. Rural elderly people born in the 1908-1920s who preferred watching TV had more subjective wellbeing. Conclusion Improving subjective wellbeing extended the life span and reduced mortality risk in rural elderly people and may be achieved by the shaping of a healthy lifestyle, such as preferences for eating vegetables, walking/Tai Chi, and reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meijie Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shiling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun-Yang Lee
- School of International Business, Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Chen Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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10
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Kortsch T, Rehwaldt R, Schwake ME, Licari C. Does Remote Work Make People Happy? Effects of Flexibilization of Work Location and Working Hours on Happiness at Work and Affective Commitment in the German Banking Sector. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159117. [PMID: 35897480 PMCID: PMC9368397 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: In view of the advancing digitalization of the German banking sector, offering remote work can be an opportunity for banks to meet changing customer and employee needs at the same time. It allows flexible consultations at changing locations and, due to the high degree of autonomy, it also increases motivation, meaningfulness, happiness at work, and commitment. (2) Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design to investigate how remote work affects happiness at work and affective commitment among employees in a German public bank. Therefore, two groups of customer advisors were examined, who work either remotely (N = 32) or stationary (N = 110) at similar tasks. (3) Results: The group comparisons show significantly higher values overall on three of the investigated four happiness dimensions (“meaningfulness”, “self-actualization”, and “community professional”) for employees in the remote group. Commitment also differs, as employees in the remote group show significantly stronger commitment. The quantitative results were confirmed by qualitative interviews. (4) Conclusions: By investigating the positive effects of remote working, this study shows new findings on what is likely to be a growing design form of New Work in the future. The study provides evidence that self-selected work environments and working hours offer an opportunity to make work more conducive to happiness—even in a sector that still undergoes significant shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Kortsch
- Department of Health and Social Work, IU International University, 99084 Erfurt, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricarda Rehwaldt
- Department of Business and Management, IU International University, 99084 Erfurt, Germany;
| | - Manon E. Schwake
- Department of Education & Social Sciences, University of Hildesheim, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany;
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11
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Castellanos-García P, Lera-López F, Sánchez-Santos JM. Light, moderate and vigorous physical activities: New insights into a virtuous circle with happiness. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35695097 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2089053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The study of the physical activity engagement (PA) has given rise to a relevant research agenda in a wide range of fields, such as its close relationship with subjective well-being, self-perceived health and social capital. Previous evidence has identified interrelationships among these variables, but without considering different levels of physical activity. We have thus considered three levels of activity: light (walking), moderate and vigorous. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is undertaken on data from Spain's National Health Survey in 2011-2012 to analyse these interrelationships. The SEM shows a simultaneous and bidirectional relationship between different levels of PA (moderate and vigorous activities) and happiness, with a more robust association stemming from happiness to PA than vice versa. This relationship is mediated through health. From a policy perspective, this implies a virtuous circle: involvement in different levels of PA increases happiness and self-perceived health, while happiness involves higher PA and subsequent positive increases in health and happiness. Nevertheless, this virtuous circle does not always run successfully when social capital is considered to mediate the relationship between PA and happiness, which might explain why it has proven to be very difficult for health policymakers to fight against inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle within a great part of the population.Highlights We investigate bidirectional interrelationships between different levels of physical activity (PA) and happiness.We consider the mediation role played by self-perceived health (SPH) and social capital.Our results highlight a network of association between different levels of PA, SPH, social capital and happiness.SPH positively mediates this relationship for any type of PA level, whereas social capital only mediates positively when vigorous PA is developed.From a health policy perspective, the simultaneity between PA levels and happiness implies a virtuous circle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Lera-López
- Department of Economics, Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics (INARBE), Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
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12
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Fountaine AR, Iyar MM, Lutes LD. Examining the Utility of the Virtual Warm Handoff in Integrated Primary Care for Improving Patient Engagement in Mental Health Treatment: A Randomized Video Vignette Study (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022. [DOI: 10.2196/40274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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13
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Chen Y, Lu J, Guan C, Zhang S, Li SD. In the Shadow of the Casinos: The Relationship between Religion and Health in Macau. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095605. [PMID: 35564999 PMCID: PMC9100279 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Considerable research has shown that religion operates as a protective factor for one's health. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the mechanisms by which religion is linked to individual health and wellbeing, especially in predominantly secular societies. This study tried to address this gap by developing a theoretical model to examine how religiosity is related to life satisfaction and health perception in a non-Western culture. Macau, a Portuguese colony until 1999, remains a diversified culture because of its intermixed historical background from the East and the West. Through structural equation modeling, the analysis of data collected from a representative sample of Macau residents, using a multistage stratified sampling procedure, indicated a positive link between religiosity and health. Moreover, altruism and prejudice mediated a portion of the relationship between religiosity and health. Additionally, our results demonstrated that Macau residents who were more religious had a higher level of altruism and a lower level of prejudice. The link between religion and prejudice in Macau differs from that of many other cultures, indicating that the effect of religion on prejudice varies by cultural context. In sum, our study showed that even in the shadow of glittering casinos, religion is positively related to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Chen
- Department of Sociology, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (Y.C.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Department of Sociology, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (Y.C.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Canghai Guan
- Department of Sociology, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (Y.C.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Department of Sociology, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (Y.C.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (S.Z.)
- School of Future Design, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519085, China
| | - Spencer De Li
- Department of Sociology, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (Y.C.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +853-88228836
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Tov W, Wirtz D, Kushlev K, Biswas-Diener R, Diener E. Well-Being Science for Teaching and the General Public. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 17:1452-1471. [PMID: 35436131 DOI: 10.1177/17456916211046946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research on well-being has exploded in recent years to more than 55,000 relevant publications annually, making it difficult for psychologists-including key communicators such as textbook authors-to stay current with this field. Moreover, well-being is a daily concern among policymakers and members of the general public. Well-being science is relevant to the lives of students-illustrating the diverse methods used in the behavioral sciences, presenting highly replicated findings, and demonstrating the diversity of individuals and cultures. Therefore, in this article, we present eight major findings that teachers and authors should seriously consider in their coverage of this field. These topics include processes such as adaptation, influences such as income, the benefits of well-being, and cultural and societal diversity in well-being and its causes. We also examine how much these topics were covered in 15 of the most popular introductory psychology textbooks. Although some topics such as social relationships and well-being were discussed in nearly all textbooks, others were less frequently covered, including the validity of self-reported well-being, the effects of spending on happiness, and the impact of culture and society on well-being. We aim to ensure more complete coverage of this important area in psychology courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Tov
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University
| | - Derrick Wirtz
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan
| | | | | | - Ed Diener
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,The Gallup Organization, Washington, D.C
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Rehwaldt R, Kortsch T. Was macht bei der Arbeit glücklich? ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ARBEITS-UND ORGANISATIONSPSYCHOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Glück bei der Arbeit spielt neben Arbeitszufriedenheit in der Forschung eine immer größere Rolle. Glück wurde sowohl theoretisch als auch metanalytisch mit positiven Folgen in Verbindung gebracht. Allerdings fehlt bislang ein validiertes Instrument in deutscher Sprache, um Bedingungen von Glück bei der Arbeit zu erfassen. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist deshalb, ein Messinstrument zur Erfassung von Bedingungen von Glück bei der Arbeit zu entwickeln und zu validieren. Basierend auf einem Modell von Rehwaldt (2017) entstand in vier aufeinander aufbauenden qualitativen und quantitativen Studien eine vierdimensionale Skala zur Erfassung von Bedingungen von Glück bei der Arbeit (HappinessandWork-Scale). In explorativen und konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalysen konnten vier Faktoren ( Sinnempfinden, Selbstverwirklichung, Gemeinschaft professionell und Gemeinschaft vertraut) aufgedeckt werden, die erwartungsgemäß positiv korreliert waren. Die divergente Validität der vier Faktoren zeigte sich durch unterschiedliche Zusammenhänge mit mehreren relevanten Kriterien (z. B. Commitment, innovatives Verhalten). Implikationen der Ergebnisse für Theorie und Praxis werden abschließend diskutiert.
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16
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Happiness in University Students in Uaz, México. REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2022. [DOI: 10.33881/2027-1786.rip.15110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
La felicidad, entendida como el grado de sentido positivo asignado a la vida, la satisfacción con la vida, el grado de realización personal y la alegría de vivir se estudió en una muestra de universitarios. Se realizó un trabajo transversal no experimental con una muestra de 229 participantes de diferentes carreras académicas con edades de 18 a 57 años. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron correlaciones entre las carreras académicas con el Sentido positivo de la vida, Satisfacción con la vida y Alegría de vivir. Además, se encontraron diferencias al considerar el sexo de los participantes, las carreras académicas, las ocupaciones laborales del padre y las ocupaciones laborales de la madre. Se analiza la influencia que cada factor tiene por separado sobre la felicidad de los estudiantes para concluir con la discusión sobre la importancia que han descubierto otros estudios sobre la influencia de las interacciones sociales en el mantenimiento de la felicidad, y cómo estos resultados podrían apoyar los hallazgos de nuestro trabajo.
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17
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Aghababaei N, Lueke NA. Well-being and the circumplex religious orientation in Iran. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Core Self-Evaluation, Emotional Reactivity to Interpersonal Conflict, and Subjective Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Horizontal Collectivism. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to examine a moderated mediation model wherein core self-evaluation (CSE) and horizontal collectivism (HC) interact to predict negative emotional reactivity to interpersonal conflict, and thus HC moderates the indirect effects of CSE on subjective well-being (SWB) through emotional reactivity. A short-term prospective study was conducted with 257 South Korean university students. Participants completed measures of CSE and HC, and then reported their experiences with interpersonal conflict and SWB in an online survey about two weeks later. We found that, among low HC participants, after controlling for the importance of conflict issues, individual differences in CSE predicted emotional reactivity to interpersonal conflict, and emotional reactivity was in turn negatively associated with SWB. By contrast, among high-HC participants, emotional reactivity to interpersonal conflict did not differ as a function of CSE, and the indirect effects of CSE on SWB were not significant. These findings highlight the importance of high CSE and HC values in fostering emerging adults’ resilience against the detrimental effects of interpersonal conflict in sustaining individuals’ SWB. Implications for conflict management interventions are discussed.
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19
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Song I, Lee HJ. Predictors of subjective well-being in Korean men and women: Analysis of nationwide panel survey data. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263170. [PMID: 35143526 PMCID: PMC8830718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective well-being has been associated with sociodemographic characteristics, health, and satisfaction with family life. There is evidence on gender difference in subjective well-being and differential relationships of predictors between men and women worldwide. However, little is known about the gender gaps in subjective well-being in Korean adults. Using nationwide panel survey data, this study aims to examine predictors of subjective well-being in the Korean population and to investigate if there is a difference in the impact of some predictors between men and women. Generalized estimating equations were used to measure the relationship between subjective well-being and explanatory variables, using individual-level data from the Korean Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) between 2017 and 2020. Model 1 investigated sociodemographic variables. Model 2 added three health-related variables (such as disability, chronic disease, and subjective health status) and satisfaction with family life. Additional models included a range of interaction terms. In the 2020 KOWEPS, 10,758 respondents rated their subjective well-being scores on the Cantril ladder. The mean score of all respondents was 6.74 (SD = 1.66). In the analysis of the pooled sample, subjective well-being was higher in women than in men (Models 1–2, p < .01). Among all variables examined, satisfaction with family life was the most important predictor of subjective well-being (β = 1.3625; p < .01). Education level and employment status had significant interaction effects with gender on subjective well-being. In particular, higher education was more important for women and stable employment was more important for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmyung Song
- College of Nursing and Health, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Hye-Jae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju, Korea
- * E-mail:
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20
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Sedikides C. Self-Construction, Self-Protection, and Self-Enhancement: A Homeostatic Model of Identity Protection. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2021.2004812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Sedikides
- Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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21
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Chilver MR, Gatt JM. Six-Week Online Multi-component Positive Psychology Intervention Improves Subjective Wellbeing in Young Adults. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 23:1267-1288. [PMID: 34512122 PMCID: PMC8418684 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-021-00449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Improving mental wellbeing has a range of benefits for society, including increased productivity, longevity, and resiliency. However, interventions designed to improve mental wellbeing are often only compared to waitlist controls, leaving uncertainty regarding the mechanisms of their effectiveness. The current study in 326 participants assessed a six-week positive psychology intervention against an active control (n = 163) in an online randomized control trial. Outcome measures included life satisfaction, wellbeing (subjective and psychological wellbeing), stress, depression and anxiety symptoms, and self-compassion. The potential moderating effect of participating during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was also explored. The intervention group showed greater improvements in life satisfaction by week six (β = 0.18, p = .014) and were maintained through to 7 weeks post-baseline (β = 0.23, t = 3.07, p = .002) and remained significant when accounting for COVID-19 restrictions. An improvement in composite wellbeing from baseline to 7 weeks post-baseline was detected when accounting for COVID-19 restrictions. Composite wellbeing and total depression and anxiety symptoms improved significantly more in the intervention group for participants with low baseline resiliency resources. These findings support the efficacy of using online multi-component positive psychology interventions in boosting wellbeing and reducing distress symptoms particularly in individuals with fewer resiliency resources who may need added support. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10902-021-00449-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R. Chilver
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker St, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031 Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Justine M. Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker St, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031 Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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22
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In the Shadows of Cancer. Leisure and Subjective Wellbeing of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Patients in Honduras, Nicaragua and Portugal. WOMEN 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/women1040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In contemporary societies, a significant proportion of women will be affected by breast or ovarian cancer over the course of their lives. Dealing with illness is known to impact profoundly on the general quality of life of women, but this assessment is usually made in clinical terms, and less attention is given to the social determinants of quality of life for cancer patients, and to the implications of cancer for their subjective wellbeing. In this article, we specifically discuss the impact of being engaged in a leisure activity for the subjective wellbeing of women experiencing breast or ovarian cancer. Based on an exploratory comparative study among Honduras, Nicaragua and Portugal, we analyze the influence of leisure engagement, country of residence, treatment and social support for the subjective wellbeing of women dealing with cancer, proposing a discussion on the intersections of wellbeing, leisure and illness. The research was supported by a survey applied to 128 women diagnosed with breast and ovarian cancer. Significant relationships were found amongst subjective wellbeing, leisure engagement, country and support from patients’ associations. Results highlight the need to consider the effects of leisure among cancer patients, and the importance of institutionalized support to improve their quality of life.
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23
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Stenlund S, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Sillanmäki L, Lagström H, Rautava P, Suominen S. Subjective well-being predicts health behavior in a population-based 9-years follow-up of working-aged Finns. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101635. [PMID: 34976687 PMCID: PMC8684019 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective well-being predicts subsequent health behavior in a 9-years of follow-up. Neither direction of influence was stronger as compared to the other one. Enhancing subjective well-being could serve as an additional support for health behavior change.
The cross-sectional association between measures of subjective well-being (SWB) and various health behaviors is well-established. In this 9-year (2003–2012) follow-up study, we explored how a composite indicator of SWB (range 4–20) with four items (interest, happiness, and ease in life, as well as perceived loneliness) predicts a composite health behavior measure (range 0–4) including dietary habits, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking status. Study subjects (n = 10,855) originated from a population-based random sample of working-age Finns in the Health and Social Support study (HeSSup). According to linear regression analysis, better SWB predicted better health behavior sum score with a β = 0.019 (p < 0.001) with a maximum effect of 0.3 points after adjusting for age (p = 0.038), gender (p < 0.001), education (p = 0.55), baseline self-reported diseases (p = 0.020), baseline health behavior (β = 0.49, p < 0.001), and the interaction between SWB and education (p < 0.001). The results suggest that SWB has long-term positive effect on health behavior. Thus, interventions aiming at health behavioral changes could benefit from taking into account SWB and its improvement in the intervention.
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24
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Madan J, Blonquist T, Rao E, Marwaha A, Mehra J, Bharti R, Sharma N, Samaddar R, Pandey S, Mah E, Shete V, Chu Y, Chen O. Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic-Induced Dietary and Lifestyle Changes and Their Associations with Perceived Health Status and Self-Reported Body Weight Changes in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113682. [PMID: 34835938 PMCID: PMC8620355 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic is accompanied by dramatic changes in lifestyle and dietary behaviors that can significantly influence health. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey to assess COVID-19 pandemic-induced dietary and lifestyle changes and their association with perceived health status and self-reported body weight changes among 1000 Indian adults in early 2021. Positive improvements in dietary habits, e.g., eating more nutritious (85% of participants) and home-cooked food (89%) and an increase in overall nutrition intake (79%), were observed. Sixty-five percent of participants self-reported increased oat consumption to support immunity. There were some negative changes, e.g., more binge eating (69%), eating more in between meals (67%), and increasing meal portion size (72%). Two-thirds of participants reported no change in lifestyles, whereas 21 and 23% reported an increase, and 13 and 10% reported a decrease in physical activity and sleep, respectively. Overall, 64 and 65% of participants reported an improvement in perceived health and an increase in body weight during the COVID-19 period compared to pre-COVID-19, respectively. The top motivations for improving dietary habits included improving physical and mental health and building immunity. In conclusion, the overall perceived health was improved and there was an increase in self-reported body weight in most participants during COVID-19. Diet emerged as the most crucial determinant for these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmeet Madan
- Sir Vithaldas Thackersey College of Home Science (Autonomous), Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women’s University, Mumbai 400049, India;
| | - Traci Blonquist
- Biofortis Research, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA; (T.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Eram Rao
- Department of Food Technology, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110075, India;
| | - Ankita Marwaha
- PepsiCo, Inc., Gurugram 122022, India; (J.M.); (R.B.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (O.C.)
| | - Joshya Mehra
- PepsiCo, Inc., Gurugram 122022, India; (J.M.); (R.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Richa Bharti
- PepsiCo, Inc., Gurugram 122022, India; (J.M.); (R.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Nishi Sharma
- PepsiCo, Inc., Gurugram 122022, India; (J.M.); (R.B.); (N.S.)
| | | | | | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA; (T.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Varsha Shete
- PepsiCo, Inc., Barrington, IL 60010, USA; (V.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - YiFang Chu
- PepsiCo, Inc., Barrington, IL 60010, USA; (V.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Oliver Chen
- Biofortis Research, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA; (T.B.); (E.M.)
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (O.C.)
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25
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Self-Compassion and Empathy as Predictors of Happiness among Late Adolescents. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci10100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Happiness is a fundamental characteristic of life, helping individuals to become healthy and productive members of society. Pakistan has been ranked as the 67th happiest country out of 156 countries in the world. Self-compassion (SC) and empathy are considered some of the finest emotions and moral values of human beings leading to a happier life. This is the first study in South Asia that examined self-compassion as a moderator between empathy and happiness. Furthermore, we also determined self-compassion and empathy as predictors of happiness among late adolescents. Data collected from 566 students, selected randomly from different educational institutions in Lahore, suggested that self-compassion (r = 0.273) and empathy (r = 0.131) had a significant positive relationship with happiness. Self-compassion and empathy both significantly predicted happiness. Male adolescents had slightly higher self-compassion and mindfulness than females. Self-compassion (F (3, 562) = 29.74, p = 0.000) was found to significantly moderate the relationship between empathy and happiness. Self-compassion can be highly beneficial to relate to oneself, specifically for adolescents who are involved in developing their identities and self-worth, and it makes their transition from adolescence to adulthood easy.
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26
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Quinn T, Aquino J, Marelich W, Rutledge DN, Zettel-Watson L, Cherry BJ. Impact of Affect Balance on Cognitive and Physical Function in Adults With and Without Fibromyalgia. J Nurs Scholarsh 2021; 53:680-688. [PMID: 34396672 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the potential benefits of heightened levels of affect balance in older adults with and without chronic pain on various cognitive domains, physical performance, and perceived cognitive and physical health. METHOD Ninety-one older adults, some with and some without fibromyalgia (FM) participated. Objective tests included cognitive (immediate and delayed recall, delayed recognition-CERAD 10-item word list) and physical measures (Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale; lower body strength-30-s chair stand; gait velocity-30-ft. walk). Self-report measures were problems with forgetting, activities of daily living (perceived function), and affect (Positive and Negative Affect Scale [PANAS]). Affect balance was calculated as positive minus negative affect from the PANAS. RESULTS Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that-regardless of FM status-higher affect balance was associated with better episodic memory performance (immediate recall, delayed recognition), better balance, enhanced lower body strength (more chair stands), and healthier gait (30-ft. walk), as well as less forgetfulness and better perceived functional health. CONCLUSION Increased affect balance was associated with better objective and subjective health in older adults both without and with chronic pain. Positive psychology treatments which increase affect balance are easy to administer, cost effective, and may add an important, additional treatment modality for maintaining health in normal aging adults as well as those with chronic pain. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In order to help patients with healthy aging, nurses need to be aware of the potential long-term effect of emotional state on overall function and be able to counsel patients regarding potential treatments to enhance positive global emotions such as resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Quinn
- Data Analyst College of Education and Integrative Studies, California Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Jordan Aquino
- Doctorial Student, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Professor of Psychology, University of Maryland Prevention Research Center, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - William Marelich
- Department of Psychology, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Dana N Rutledge
- Professor of Psychology, Coordinator, Aging Studies Academic Program, School of Nursing, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Laura Zettel-Watson
- Professor Emeritus of Psychology, Associate Coordinator, Aging Studies Academic Program, Department of Psychology, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Barbara J Cherry
- Professor Emeritus of Psychology, Associate Coordinator, Aging Studies Academic Program, Department of Psychology, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA
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27
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Bondarev D, Sipilä S, Finni T, Kujala UM, Aukee P, Kovanen V, Laakkonen EK, Kokko K. Associations of physical performance and physical activity with mental well-being in middle-aged women. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1448. [PMID: 34301225 PMCID: PMC8299573 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate whether physical performance is independently of physical activity (PA) associated with positive and negative dimensions of mental well-being in middle-aged women. Methods Data were drawn from the Estrogenic Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis (ERMA) study in which women 47 to 55 years were randomly selected from the Finnish National Registry. They (n = 909) participated in measurements of physical performance (handgrip force, knee extension force, vertical jumping height, maximal walking speed, and six-minute walking distance). Both mental well-being (the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form and the Satisfaction with Life Scale) and PA were self-reported. Associations between variables were analysed using multivariate linear regression modelling adjusted for body height, fat mass %, menopausal status and symptoms, marital status, parity, employment status, self-reported mental disorders, and use of psycholeptics and psychoanaleptics. PA was then entered into a separate model to explore its role in the associations. Results In the adjusted models, significant positive associations of six-minute walking distance with positive affectivity (B = 0.12, p = 0.002) and life satisfaction (B = 0.15, p = 0.033) were observed. No significant associations were observed between physical performance and depressive symptoms or negative affectivity. PA was positively associated with positive affectivity and life satisfaction and negatively with depressive symptoms across all the physical performance variables. Conclusions Of the physical performance dimensions, aerobic component was associated with positive mental well-being independently of PA level. In relation to other physical performance components, the results point to the benefits of physical activity for mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Bondarev
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (viv 152), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (viv 152), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taija Finni
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35 (viv), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (viv), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pauliina Aukee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Research and Therapy Unit, Central Finland Central Hospital, Hoitajantie 3, FI-40620, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vuokko Kovanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (viv), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eija K Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (viv 152), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Katja Kokko
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (viv 152), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Atkinson C, Buie H, Sandstrom G, Aknin L, Croft A. Testing the GRIP: An Empirical Examination of the Gender Roles Inhibiting Prosociality Model. SEX ROLES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-021-01229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Boehm JK. Positive psychological well‐being and cardiovascular disease: Exploring mechanistic and developmental pathways. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2021; 15:e12599. [PMID: 35860033 PMCID: PMC9285725 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Empirical research regarding the health benefits of positive psychological well‐being (e.g., positive emotions, life satisfaction, purpose in life, and optimism) has flourished in recent years, particularly with regard to cardiovascular disease. This paper reviews the state of evidence for well‐being's association with cardiovascular disease in both healthy individuals and those diagnosed with a disease. Prospective studies consistently indicate well‐being reduces cardiovascular events in healthy and, to a lesser extent, patient populations. Potential pathways that link well‐being with cardiovascular disease are discussed (including health behaviors, physiological processes, and stress buffering), although the existing evidence is mostly cross‐sectional which limits conclusions about directionality. Issues related to development across the lifespan are considered and childhood is identified as a crucial period for establishing healthy cardiovascular trajectories. Outstanding questions for future research are provided with recommendations to focus on well‐powered and prospective study designs with rigorous assessment of both well‐being and cardiovascular‐related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Boehm
- Department of Psychology Chapman University Orange California USA
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30
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Eder SJ, Steyrl D, Stefanczyk MM, Pieniak M, Martínez Molina J, Pešout O, Binter J, Smela P, Scharnowski F, Nicholson AA. Predicting fear and perceived health during the COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning: A cross-national longitudinal study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247997. [PMID: 33705439 PMCID: PMC7951840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
During medical pandemics, protective behaviors need to be motivated by effective communication, where finding predictors of fear and perceived health is of critical importance. The varying trajectories of the COVID-19 pandemic in different countries afford the opportunity to assess the unique influence of 'macro-level' environmental factors and 'micro-level' psychological variables on both fear and perceived health. Here, we investigate predictors of fear and perceived health using machine learning as lockdown restrictions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic were introduced in Austria, Spain, Poland and Czech Republic. Over a seven-week period, 533 participants completed weekly self-report surveys which measured the target variables subjective fear of the virus and perceived health, in addition to potential predictive variables related to psychological factors, social factors, perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD), and economic circumstances. Viral spread, mortality and governmental responses were further included in the analysis as potential environmental predictors. Results revealed that our models could accurately predict fear of the virus (accounting for approximately 23% of the variance) using predictive factors such as worrying about shortages in food supplies and perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD), where interestingly, environmental factors such as spread of the virus and governmental restrictions did not contribute to this prediction. Furthermore, our results revealed that perceived health could be predicted using PVD, physical exercise, attachment anxiety and age as input features, albeit with smaller effect sizes. Taken together, our results emphasize the importance of 'micro-level' psychological factors, as opposed to 'macro-level' environmental factors, when predicting fear and perceived health, and offer a starting point for more extensive research on the influences of pathogen threat and governmental restrictions on the psychology of fear and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Josephine Eder
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Steyrl
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Michał Pieniak
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Ondra Pešout
- Department of Psychology, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Binter
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Smela
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Scharnowski
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
- Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew A. Nicholson
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada
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31
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How strongly connected are positive affect and physical exercise? Results from a large general population study of young adults. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE 2020; 2:e3103. [DOI: 10.32872/cpe.v2i4.3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Previous research has shown a link between low positive affect (PA) and numerous physical and psychological well-being outcomes but, recent research has raised the possibility that this relationship may be driven by physical activity. Thus, we were interested in exploring the PA-exercise connection by examining this relationship across differing levels of body mass and athleticism. We also looked at whether the item “active” that is used in many PA assessments was responsible for this effect.
Method
Participants were part of the Norwegian SHoT2018 national survey of 50,054 young adults (mean age = 23.2, 68.9% women), who completed electronic surveys about their exercise levels (duration, frequency and intensity) and affect.
Results
There was a clear and strong dose-response association between current state PA and the duration, frequency and intensity of exercise. For example, duration, magnitude, and slope effects were strongly driven by regular exercisers who had more than a 20-fold greater likelihood of being in the highest PA deciles compared to the least frequent exercisers. These dose-response connections replicated across both healthy and overweight BMIs, as well as in elite athletes. Removing the word “active” from the PA measure substantially reduced the size of this association, although the dose-response relationship remained.
Conclusion
The observed strong connections have critical implications for health researchers and clinicians, and point to a need to carefully consider what types of activities are most strongly tied to well-being.
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Heintzelman SJ, Kushlev K. Emphasizing scientific rigor in the development, testing, and implementation of positive psychological interventions. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2020.1789701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kostadin Kushlev
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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